Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Vibrionales Family: Vibrionaceae Genus: Vibrio

VIBRIO

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Gram Negative curved rods Facultative anaerobes Majority are halophiles Oxidase positive and catalase positive Vibratory : Vibrio Pathogenic species:
V.cholerae V. parahaemolyticus V. vulnificus

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VIBRIO CHOLERAE

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VIBRIO CHOLERAE

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 Gram (-), Curved Rods, Comma Shaped Polar Flagella (One End), Facultative Anerobes Oxidase (+), Catalase (+), Non-lactose Fermenting, Grow In Alkaline Conditions, Ferment Glucose & Maltose Produce Only Acid- No Gas Grow Specifically In TCBS (Thiosulfate, Citrate, Bile Salt, Sucrose) Media, Produce Yellow Colored Colonies V. Cholera Grow Without Salt Most Other Vibrio's Are Halophile

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Virulent Factors
Toxin Co-regulated Pili (TCP)
Cholera Toxin- A&B

O Antigen:
150 Serotypes. O1 & O139 Serotypes

H Antigen:
Flagella, Vibratory Movement- B/C Of This

Nature, The Name Vibro Originates

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V.Cholerae on TCBS agar

Courtesy by CDC
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Epidemiology
Human Colon, Crustaceans, Shellfish, Sewage Water
Transmission By Oral-fecal Route (Contamination

With Feces Of Sewage Water)

High Infectious Dose: >108

See In Underdeveloped Countries

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Pathogenesis
Attach To Intestinal Epithelium With Help Of Pili And B Subtype Toxin To Ganglioside Receptors. A Toxin Released Increase Adenylate Cyclase Activity- Increase Fluid Loss Hypokalemia, Acidosis- Dehydration Hypotension, Death (Within Hours- Cholera Toxin) No Damage To Epithelial Cells Non Invasive & Non Inflammatory
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Pathogenesis
V.Cholerae

Attach to enterocytes with pili and CT -B toxin Unit

A Cholera toxin enter cells and adenylate cyclase

cAMP Electrolyte loss

Rice Watery diarrhea

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Dr.Aravind

Clinical Features
Sudden onset
Watery diarrhea- odorless, looks like rice water stools

No fever, no blood/pus in stools

No RBCs/ WBCs in stools

Dehydration & hypotension- leads to death

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Diagnosis TCBS media- confirmatory test Gram Stain MacConkey agar Oxidase Test
Treatment IV fluids Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Tetracycline

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VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS

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VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS
Gram (-), facultative anerobe, oxidase (+) Curved rod with peritrichate flagella Capsulated Bipolar staining Virulent Factors: O, H & K antigens Grows in TCBS media Sensitive to acids Sea water (sea organism)
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VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS
Epidemiology Raw seafood/ undercooked seafood Virulent factors: Hemolysin and Adhesin
Clinical Features Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdomen pain, malaise, no blood/pus Food poisoning associated with seafood
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VIBRIO PARAHEMOLYTICUS
Diagnosis TCBS media, Gram Stain, MacConkey agar (non lactose fermenting)
Treatment Self-limiting- resolve within 3 days Tetracycline/Fluoroquinolones (if prolonged > 1 week)

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VIBRIO VULNIFICUS

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 See in brackish water & sea oysters Gram (-), Oxidase (+), polar flagella, Lactose fermenting** Eating raw seafood/swimming in brackish water with open wounds Normally see in summer Produces Gastritis & Cellulitis Patient dies from this organism

Dr.Aravind

 Virulent factors: Capsule: compliment & antibody mediated killing, Enzymes: collagenase, proteases and cytolysins
Diagnosis: TCBS media, MacConkey Agar Treatment: Very hard to treat- unknown pathogenesis Tetracycline, Cefalosporins, Fluoroquinolones

Dr.Aravind