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SHOCK ABSORBERS, ENERGY ABSORBERS, RIGID STRUTS
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PRODUCT GROUP
SHOCK ABSORBERS, ENERGY ABSORBERS (E-BARS), RIGID STRUTS, DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS
CONTENTS PAGE
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0 1 2
PRODUCT GROUP
Field of application________________________________________________3.1 Main products ____________________________________________________3.2 Recommendations for use __________________________________________3.3 Shock absorbers, type 30, type 31 __________________________________3.4 Installation extensions, type 33 _____________________________________3.7 Weld-on brackets, type 35__________________________________________3.8 Operational performance, type 30, type 31____________________________3.9 Permissible stress factors, type 30, type 31 __________________________3.10 Mode of operation, type 30, type 31________________________________3.11 Shock absorbers, design characteristics _____________________________3.13 Shock absorbers, function tests ____________________________________3.14 Installation instructions, type 30, type 31____________________________3.15 Maintenance recommendations type 30, type 31 _____________________3.17 Dynamic pipe clamps, type 36, type 37 _____________________________3.19 Dynamic pipe clamps overview, OD 33.7 - OD 914.4 __________________3.21 Dynamic pipe clamps, installation instructions________________________3.31 Energy absorbers (E-Bar), type 32 __________________________________3.33 Rigid struts, type 39______________________________________________3.37 Pipe whip restraints ______________________________________________3.41
4 5 6 7 8 9
3.0
PRODUCT GROUP 3 FIELD OF APPLICATION

To avoid unacceptable tension and moments in the piping system, unplanned displacement in piping or other plant components must be eliminated. However, thermal movement must not be hindered in any way! Dynamic events Whenever unplanned dynamic events occur, LISEGA Product Group 3 supports have the job of protecting the piping or other components affected from any damage. Undesirable abrupt movement of the components in the system can be caused by: A Internal excitation, such as: pressure shocks from valve operation water hammer boiler events pipe breakage The LISEGA Product Group 3 includes the following main products: shock absorbers, types 30 and 31 energy absorbers (E-Bars), type 32 rigid struts, type 39 A comprehensive selection of connection possibilities is available for the correct installation of the main products: installation extensions, type 33 weld-on brackets, type 35 dynamic pipe clamps, types 36 and 37 In accordance with the LISEGA modular system, the connecting parts are designed to be compatible and are subject to uniform calculation criteria. A generally applicable table of permissible loads can be found on page 0.5 of the Technical Specifications. The fundamental calculation procedures comply with international regulations and standards and are certified by practical type and suitability tests. Design Report Summaries in accordance with ASME III NF are available. Product group 3 components Pipe supports specially designed for the purpose are necessary to absorb and transfer loads from dynamic events. With Product Group 3, LISEGA provides a comprehensive system whereby all fields of application are covered by the corresponding ideal component. This enables users to exploit optimum concepts.
B External excitation, such as: wind load seismic events aircraft impact explosions
Components affected can be: piping pumps valve assemblies pressure vessels steam generators
Diagram of an operating basis earthquake (O.B.E.)
3.1
PRODUCT GROUP 3 MAIN PRODUCTS

Shock absorbers, type 30, 31 The use of shock absorbers (snubbers) is preferred in thermally operating piping systems. In a dynamic event, shock absorbers instantaneously form a practically rigid restraint between the protected component and the structure. Resulting dynamic energy can at once be absorbed and harmlessly transferred.
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stroke free stroke (adjustable)
Through the special function of the shock absorbers, thermal displacements during normal operation remain unhindered. Energy absorbers, type 32 If only slight operational movement is to be expected at the load application point, then as a rule energy absorbers can be used. These components allow a small amount of movement, which is limited by an adjustable gap in the end positions. The components affected are protected from overload because, due to the design, the dynamic energy introduced is transformed into deformation energy. Rigid struts, type 39 If no operational movement is to be expected, e.g. at so-called zero positions, then rigid struts are used. They form rigid restraints from attachment point to attachment point and do not allow axial movement. However, as they have angular bearings, limited angular movement is permitted.
rigid
3.2
PRODUCT GROUP 3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE

Product Group 3 components are dynamically stressed. In their use, the following points must be observed for effective functioning: 1. Where the design of dynamically fixed points is concerned, the stiffness of the supporting system as a whole, i.e. of all components in the support chain, must be considered. 2. In the selection of unit sizes, the total of all loadings avising must be taken into account. 3. For given loads it must be made clear, beyond any doubt, which level of design load (H, HZ, HS, and/or Level A,B,C,D) the data corresponds to. The table of permissible loads on page 0.5 of the Technical Specifications must be observed. 4. The stroke length of shock absorbers should not be fully exploited. An overtravel safety margin of 10mm at each end of the snubber should be maintained. 5. When arranging the components, sufficient lateral freedom should be allowed so that there is no jamming at connection lugs. 6. When shock absorbers are arranged in parallel, it is recommended that load reserves be considered. Instead of 50%, in each case it is recommended that both shock absorbers be designed to take 70% of the total calculation load. 7. The installation drawings should clearly indicate how much freedom of angulation may be required by the components. 8. Any necessary torque values for threaded connections in the structural attachments should be indicated. 9. Before commissioning the plant, all support points should again be visually inspected. 10. The LISEGA instructions for commissioning and inspection, as well as the maintenance recommendations, are to be observed.
Special design of dynamic restraint clamp
Type 35 Type 37 Type 39 Type 30
Type 35
Type 35 Type 33 Type 30
Type 33
Type 35
Type 35
Type 36 Type 39 Type 36
Type 36
Type 39 Type 30
Type 35
Type 35
Type 35
Type 35
Type 39
Type 30
Type 36
Type 30
Type 39
Type 37
Type 39 Type 35
3.3
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31

LISEGA shock absorbers have stood the test of time in practical applications for over three decades, and thereby proven their outstanding reliability. Extensive operational experience has, through constant further development, led to a matured product, universally respected and leading worldwide. Access to shock absorbers after installation is generally difficult and, because of possible danger from radiation when installed in nuclear power plants, involves stringent safety regulations for personnel. The highest demands are therefore made on reliable and maintenance-free continuous service. For the reliable operational safety of shock absorbers, the quality of the following critical components, together with the functional principle and whole design, is a decisive factor: sealing systems piston and rod guides hydraulic fluid sliding surfaces corrosion-resistant interiors control valve system The most frequent causes of failure in shock absorbers are premature wear and tear and corrosion. For this reason LISEGA shock absorbers are manufacured from noncorroding materials and any form of metal to metal contact is precluded by the use of special guide bands. At LISEGA, the sealing system, guidings and hydraulic fluid are certified through reliable qualification procedures to give at least 23 years trouble free operation in nuclear power stations under normal operating conditions.
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The following qualities have led to the recognized superiority of LISEGA shock absorbers: non-corroding materials special sealing systems vibration proof guide systems pressurized self-contained hydraulic system dynamic function exchangeable control valves (Type 31) 23 years approved maintenance-free operation 40 year lifespan certified by ASME - NCA 3800 certified by TV qualification testing
3.4
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30

Type 30 18 16 to 30 03 12 Series produced Standard design Available from stock or from running production. Only non-corroding materials are used. Connection lugs (material = P250GH, C45E+QT) attached via threaded connections are galvanized.
conn. lug name plate ball bush piston rod cover
travel indicator sight glass
Nom. load Emergency (kN) Level C 3 4.0 8 10.6 8 10.6 18 23.9 18 23.9 46 61.0 46 61.0 100 141 100 141 200 267 200 267 350 472 350 472 550 735 550 735 1000 1335 1000 1335 Stroke 100 100 200 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 E min 220 315 410 395 545 445 595 535 685 615 765 730 880 760 910 935 1085 E max 320 415 610 545 845 595 895 685 985 765 1065 880 1180 910 1210 1085 1385 Weight (kg) 1.9 4.3 5.7 8.3 12.0 20.0 29.0 37.0 51.0 61.0 78.0 122.0 147.0 175.0 207.0 390.0 460.0
Type 30 18 16 30 38 16 30 39 16 30 42 16 30 43 16 30 52 13 30 53 13 30 62 16 30 63 16 30 72 16 30 73 16 30 82 16 30 83 16 30 92 13 30 93 13 30 02 12 30 03 12
D 54 70 70 85 85 135 135 170 170 200 200 270 270 300 300 390 390
d3 10 12 12 15 15 20 20 30 30 50 50 60 60 70 70 100 100
F 18 50 50 58 58 65 65 100 100 130 130 165 165 165 165 240 240
R 15 20 20 22.5 22.5 30 30 45 45 60 60 75 75 105 105 145 145
SG 9 10 10 12 12 16 16 22 22 35 35 44 44 49 49 70 70
See Technical Specifications, table Permissible loads on page 0.5 and Welding the weld-on brackets on page 3.16
Order details: Shock absorber type 30 .. .. With two weld-on brackets type 35 .. .., Marking:
Usual design load for earthquakes and similar load events. See also Technical Specifications, page 0.5 Emin = piston rod retracted
Emax = piston rod extended To bridge greater installed lengths, extensions, type 33 (page 3.7) can be used.
When exchanging other products, the connection dimensions such as pin diameters and lug lengths can be made to fit the attachments already built into the structure. Units with longer strokes can be provided on
request.
3.5
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 31
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Shock absorbers Type 31 98 16 to 31 58 16 Type 31 shock absorbers are specially designed to deal with large loads. They are mainly used in nuclear power stations to protect steam generators and large pumps. Due to the restricted space in such areas, their dimensions are generally designed to suit the given conditions. The table on this page therefore serves as general orientation during initial planning. Housing and connection lugs are high tensile stainless steel castings. Order details: Shock absorber, type 31 .. .. With two weld-on brackets type 35 .. .. Marking:
E max 720 935 865 1080 970 1120 1150 1240 F 95 95 120 120 160 190 205 230 G 90 90 110 110 155 180 200 220 H 310 310 385 385 450 620 585 670 L max. 115 145 145 200 150 100 255 205 R 105 105 140 140 160 200 245 290 SG Weight (kg) 152 49 181 49 285 70 338 70 648 85 968 90 105 1300 105 1750
weld-on bracket fluid level indicator L
conn. lug ball bush travel indicator name plate removable valves
Type 31 98 16 31 99 16 31 08 16 31 09 16 31 28 16 31 38 16 31 48 16 31 58 16
Nom. load Emergency (kN) Level C Stroke D 100 240 735 550 200 240 735 550 100 330 1335 1000 200 330 1335 1000 100 440 2660 2000 100 540 4000 3000 100 580 5320 4000 100 630 6650 5000
E d3 min 70 620 70 735 100 765 100 880 120 870 140 1020 160 1050 180 1140
See Technical Specifications, table Permissible loads on page 0.5 and Welding the weld-on brackets on page 3.16 Usual design load for earthquakes and similar load
events. See also Technical Specifications, page 0.5
Emin = piston rod retracted

Emax = piston rod extended
L max at 80C Design of travel indicator for travel range 8

(100mm stroke).
LISEGA shock absorbers type 31 are fitted with exchangeable valves for on site testing
3.6
INSTALLATION EXTENSIONS TYPE 33

Installation extensions type 33 18 18 to 33 03 12 Type 33 extensions are used to bridge larger installation lengths, thus avoiding structural adjustments on site. Connection to the shock absorber or energy absorber is made at the cylinder base. Standard threaded connections allow the simple substitution of extensions for standard connection lugs. The same applies for special connections, helpful when exchanging units made by other manufacturers, because this way existing structural con-nections can remain (see page 3.8). Material: P355T1
min. thread engagement
extension tube countering ring lug with ball bushing
L37.5
Type 33 18 18 33 38 18 33 39 18 33 42 18 33 43 18 33 52 13 33 53 13 33 62 18 33 63 18 33 72 18 33 73 18 33 82 18 33 83 18 33 92 13 33 93 13 33 02 12 33 03 12
Nom. load (kN) 3 8 8 18 18 46 46 100 100 200 200 350 350 550 550 1000 1000
Shock abs. stroke 100 100 200 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300 150 300
A 240 315 460 412 635 455 680 510 735 560 785 640 865
d3 10 12 12 15 15 20 20 30 30 50 50 60 60
Order details: Installation extension type 33 .. .. L= mm for hydr. shock absorber
670 70 895 70 770 100 995 100
D max 25 30 30 35 35 48 48 64 64 83 83 90 100 90 100 115 115 160 160
E min 445 510 655 617 840 675 900 780 1005 875 1100 1030 1711 1255 1751 1110 1335 1325 1550
E max 760 760 690 1175 1030 1405 1280 1950 1850 2415 2140 1710 2400 1750 2320 2870 2795 2650 2550
L 37.5 min 205 195 195 205 205 220 220 270 270 315 315 390 1071 390 886 440 440 555 555
L 37.5 max 520 445 230 763 395 950 600 1440 1115 1855 1355 1070 1760 885 1455 2200 1900 1880 1555
Weight (kg) + per L min 100mm 0.39 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.75 0.90 0.75 0.90 0.72 1.50 0.72 1.50 1.90 2.30 1.90 2.30 3.60 5.00 3.60 5.00 3.40 10.00 4.70 45.00 3.40 10.00 4.70 36.00 5.50 33.00 5.50 33.00 9.50 90.00 9.50 90.00
Piston at midposition
Installation dimensions greater than E max on load reduction possible. Shorter L dimensions can be supplied, but then without adjustment possibility.
3.7
WELD-ON BRACKETS TYPE 35
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Weld-on brackets Type 35 19 13 to 35 20 19 This unit is used as a connection for shock absorbers type 30 and 31, energy absorbers type 32 and rigid struts type 39 (also for types 16, 20, 27), and forms the structural attachment. The brackets are made from easily weldable carbon steel S355J2G3 and the precision fit stainless steel connecting pins. Weld-on brackets type 35 can be supplied with bolton base plates on request.
See Technical Specifications
table Permissible loads on page 0.5 and Welding of weld-on brackets on page 3.16
Type 35 19 13 35 29 13 35 39 13 35 49 13 35 59 19 35 69 19 35 79 19 35 89 19 35 99 11 35 09 13 35 20 19
Nom. load (kN) 3 4 8 18 46 100 200 350 550 1000 2000
A 25 25 30 35 54 90 110 150 180 390 520
B 32 32 37 43 54 79 100 130 230 310 320
C 12 12 12 13 15 23 25 34 40 58 65
d3 10 10 12 15 20 30 50 60 70 100 120
E 30 30 34 40 50 75 90 115 155 212 245
F 9.5 9.5 10.5 12.5 16.5 22.5 35.5 45 50 72 87
L 42 42 46 52 65 95 115 160 220 305 320
R 13 13 15 18 27 45 55 75 80 100 135
Weight (kg) 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 1.0 3.7 7.9 17.0 41.0 132.0 215.0
Order details: Weld-on bracket, type 35 .. ..
SPECIAL CONNECTIONS
It is a well known fact that most earlier generation shock absorbers do not fulfill current demands and specifications. The result is failure, and huge maintenance costs. Considerable savings can be made by replacing these units with LISEGA shock or energy absorbers (E-bars). So that connections already existing on site can still be used, a range of special connections is available.
Fit: bore H7, pin f8.
Flange for connecting to existing extension
Special lugs
Special lugs with length adjustment
Standard extension
3.8
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31 OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Operational performance Under dynamic load, LISEGA shock absorbers, depending on the operational load spectrum, offer a constant, predictable, functional performance. Specified function values As standard, LISEGA shock absorbers maintain the function values listed below. The values are based on cyclic or dynamic load. The data conforms to international standards and practical requirements. Adherence to the specifications is proven and recorded by acceptance tests at the factory. By means of design adaptations, special parameters can be complied with on request.
Type 30 travel range 8, 2, 9 Piston rod travel Sb at FN, Rt and 1-35Hz Piston rod travel Sa (lost motion) Lockup velocity at Rt Bypass velocity at FN and Rt Frictional resistance 0.01FN or 200N at FN 20kN travel range 8 100 mm, travel range 2 150 mm, travel range 9 200 mm Rt = Room temperature. At ambient temperature of 150C (short
duration, max. 1h) piston rod travel may be increased by up to 50% due to reduced fluid viscosity.
Type 31 travel range 8 (stroke 100) 10mm 2-6 mm/s 0.2-2 mm/s travel range 9 (stroke 200) 12mm
travel range 3 (stroke 300) 8mm
6mm 0.5mm
0.015FN or 300N at FN 20kN
0.01FN
Measured at a constant piston speed of appr. 0.3 mm/s. Breakaway

force is kept at less than 1.5 of given values.
If required, Sa can be increased to 0.5 mm by conforming to other

performance data (KTA 3205.3).
Force F
Ffaulted Femergency FN
rigidity stroke = 300mm
piston travel S
-FN -Femergency -Ffaulted
stroke 200mm
Force travel diagram
Force and travel amplitudes
Actual performance in relation to normal load and travel range
3.9
SHOCK ABSORBERS, TYPE 30, 31 PERMISSIBLE STRESS FACTORS

Operational Stress Factors LISEGA hydraulic shock absorbers are designed as standard for the operational loads listed below. The specified values have been confirmed by German TV qualification tests. Other values can be agreed upon in exceptional cases by design adaptations.
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Optimum testing is achieved by using computer controlled test equipment
Loading due to environmental temperature Relative humidity Wet steam atmosphere Energy dose
permanent short term max. 1h/temp. cycle max. 40h per year at 10-150C max. 150C accumulated continuous
max. 80C max. 150C 100% X=1 105J/kg (107 rad) 0.5-1 bar 5 bar excess pressure
Ambient pressure short term
The values cited above refer to a shock absorber incl. seals and hydraulic fluid. Special values for the fluid only are:
Pour point Hydraulic fluid (silicone oil) Flash point Ignition point -50C 300C 500C
Resistance to fatigue Proof of operational durability is based on the following accumulated load spectrum: Normal load FN . . . . . .Load cycles 10 % . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,000,000 50 % . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100,000 80 % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20,000 100 % (Level A/B) . . . . . . . . .10,000 133 % (Level C) . . . . . . . . . . .100 172 % (LeveI D) . . . . . . . . . . . .10 The number of cycles corresponds to estimated maximum dynamic stresses from diverse load events within a period of forty years. It also complies with the test program requirements of the suitability tests conducted by the German TV. The results prove that the shock
absorbers endure these loads while maintaining their functional integrity. The special guide systems of the shock absorbers make them largely resistant to permanent cyclic operating loads. This is confirmed by proven practical experience. It has to be considered that the range of possible influential parameters such as frequencies, amplitudes, oscillation shapes, impact directions, mono- and multiaxial effects, as well as possible overlapping, permit no uniform definition of continuous operational vibration.
Test area for shock absorbers at the Zeven factory, Germany
Testing shock absorbers, type 31 Test load 4500kN
3.10
SHOCK ABSORBERS MODE OF OPERATION

Function scheme of a shock absorber, type 30
C D
MODE OF FUNCTION Dynamic event In the event of a sudden shock, an instantaneous, secure and almost rigid connection is produced between the supported component and the fixed point on the structure. The resulting dynamic loads are at once conducted into the structural connection and dissipated without any harmful consequences. Normal operational movements of piping and other components remain however unhindered. Moments of force can often change direction at random within the framework of complex oscillation spectra. The response frequency range for LISEGA shock absorbers is 0.5 100 Hz. FUNCTION Control valves The function of LISEGA hydraulic shock absorbers type 30 is controlled by the main control valve (B), axially mounted within the hydraulic piston (A). During the piston movement ( 2mm/s) the valve is kept open by spring pressure, and
hydraulic fluid flows freely from one side of the piston to the other. During rapid piston movement (approx. 2mm/s) above the speed limit, the resulting fluid flow pressure on the valve plate closes the main valve. The flow of the hydraulic fluid is stopped and movement blocked. The compressibility of the fluid cushion has a softening effect on the restriction of the piston. This prevents damaging load spikes. For movement in the compressive direction, the compensating valve (D) closes almost synchronously with the main valve. If the pressure on the closed valve subsides, e.g. through reversal of the direction of movement, the main control valve opens automatically when the fluid force falls short of the spring force. Bypass To prevent the valves from jamming in the blocking position, they are fitted with a bypass system.
3.11
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Function scheme of a shock absorber type 31
This allows limited piston movement under continuing load and ensures safe opening of the valves by rapid equalization of pressure in both cylinder chambers. The compensating valve works synchronously with the main valve in the same way. Reservoir For both variable piston rod positions as well as for changes in hydraulic fluid volume caused by temperature changes, volume compensation takes place through a coaxially mounted reservoir (C). The link between the reservoir and main cylinder is regulated by the compensating valve (D). Large bore shock absorbers type 31 The function of the LISEGA shock absorber type 31 is fundamentally the same as for type 30. The special dimensions, however, require a different design arrangement of the reservoir (C). The valve assembly also differs. The valves (B) themselves operate similarly to those in type 30. The circulation of the fluid is also blocked by closure of the corresponding valve in each respective direction of movement. This happens whenever a flow-
speed limit is exceeded. Because the valves are directly linked to the reservoir, no special compensating valve is needed. Recurrent testing To facilitate routine maintenance, the control valve system is designed for removal with the shock absorber still in place. The valves can then simply be replaced in the event of a recurrent test by a previously qualified set of valves. A special shut-off device is used to prevent loss of oil. The original valves can then be remotely tested in a surrogate snubber and made ready for use again.
3.12
SHOCK ABSORBERS DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

Design characteristics The shock absorbers are closed systems with no external threaded pressure connections. Individual parts of the unit are assembled without welding by means of precision fits and threaded connections and secured mechanically (see Fig. 3). For protection against corrosion, LISEGA shock absorbers are made exclusively from non-corroding materials. The connections are made of galvanized carbon steel. The guides on piston rods and pistons are made from a special wear-resistant non-metallic material (see Fig. 2). The fluid reservoir is sealed from the atmosphere by a preset piston, so that slight overpressure in the hydraulic system constantly maintains a slight presetting of the seals. The control valves are decisive for the dynamic operation of the shock absorber. To achieve high operational accuracy, the valve parameters have been optimized by extensive testing and special calculation models. Seals The sealing systems play a vital role in the long term function of a hydraulic shock absorber. Together with the hydraulic fluid and guide bands, the seals form part of the non-metallic components of the shock absorber and are therefore subject to natural ageing and wear. The most important requisite for a lasting sealing effect is the selection of the right sealing material. A good memory for shape retention (compression set) or lowest possible relaxation of tension is thereby an absolute essential. For optimum exploitation of material characteristics, the shape of the seals and the design of their locations are also important. The optimum combination of the following factors is decisive for functional efficiency: temperature resistance radiation resistance abrasion resistance, especially at high frequency vibration good memory for shape retention good dry running qualities limited diffusion tendency into the metal surfaces minimal stick/slip drag effect The material which best meets these requirements is a special compound on the basis of the fluor elastomer VITON. To exploit the special characteristics to the fullest extent, the following criteria must also be considered: special design shapes backing compound materials optimum mixture consistency optimally balanced hardness precision in gliding surfaces design of locations for defined presetting of seals
Control indicators The piston position of the shock absorbers can be read from all sides by checking the scale rings on the body of the cylinder. The sturdy stainless steel shroud connected to the piston rod protects it from mechanical damage, dirt and heat and also serves as an indicator. The fluid level of the reservoir is indicated by the position of the reservoir piston. A sight glass can be used for checking the minimum level in type 30. Type 31 has a marked indicator rod attached to the base of the external reservoir. For details of design and materials, see Technical Specifications.
(Fig. 1)
Commercially available seals in shock absorbers do not fulfill these requirements, and as experience has shown, lead to premature failure. For LISEGA shock absorbers, a specific sealing system was developed as early as 1984 in cooperation with a major seal manufacturer. Since then, these seals have demonstrated their worth in practical application. Alongside other successful qualification procedures through artificial ageing and fatigue tests, a qualification test procedure was carried out on LISEGA shock absorbers in 1992 by order of a major European nuclear utility. The tests certified a maintenance free service life of at least 23 years in nuclear power plants under normal operating conditions.
(Fig. 2)
(Fig. 3)
3.13
SHOCK ABSORBERS FUNCTION TESTS

The particularly stringent requirements within the nuclear industry demand flawless proof concerning the functional parameters for shock absorbers. This applies both to the first acceptance test as well as to recurrent testing. LISEGA applies a test procedure using the very latest technology. The test benches operate as dynamic hydro pulse units, with either forcecontrolled or travel-controlled excitation as desired. The frequency bands range from 0.5 - 30Hz and the test loads from 0.5 - 5000 kN. Altogether, seven test benches of various sizes are available for LISEGA in different factories. At customers request, they are frequently used on site as mobile units. Several test benches have been supplied to different countries to
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be used on site by local plant personnel for recurrent testing. Variable test programs permit shock absorber tests for all makes. All LISEGA test benches are regularly inspected, certified and calibrated by authorized bodies.
Frictional resistance (kN) Quasistatic functional tests Drag velocity (mm/s) Lock up velocity (mm/s) Bypass velocity (mm/s) Load after valve activation (kN) Load at bypass velocity (kN)/bleed rate Dynamic functional tests (Load and travel amplitudes) displacement (mm) compression / tension loads (kN) Load/travel diagram
Acceptance certificate with test diagrams
3.14
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

Shock absorbers are precision-made, safety-related components. Corresponding care must therefore be taken when handling them. For the flawless functioning of the shock absorbers it is essential that the following instructions are observed. Transport and storage Shock absorbers and related components should be stored in closed rooms and protected from dirt and damage. Transportation must therefore be carried out with great care. LISEGA recommends that the shock absorbers remain in their original packing until just before installation. Any damage during shipment, off loading, on site transportation or installation must be reported to the manufacturer immediately. Delivery condition Shock absorbers are supplied as fully operational units, complete with hydraulic fluid, ready for service. The connecting lugs for type 30 are connected at one end with the base, at the other with the piston rod and secured by locking bolts. For type 31 the bottom end lug and cylinder base form a unit. LISEGA shock absorbers are made entirely from non-corroding materials, so they need no additional surface treatment. The threaded connecting lugs are electrogalvanized and white chromatized. Type 35 weld-on brackets are supplied separately, including fitted pins. Their surface has a protective coating of weldable primer. For transportation, type 30 shock absorbers are supplied packaged individually in purpose made boxes with pistons fully retracted. Type 31 are fixed on special wooden skids. For these unit sizes, the actual installation dimensions are preset at the factory. Installation Shock absorbers must be inspected for damage before installation. Also, the connecting lugs must be checked for tight fits. The struc-tural attachments on site and weld-on brackets must be completely welded. The arrange-ment of the weld-on brackets must be such that the maximum angular displacement takes place in the direction of the greatest thermal expansion in service. Lateral displacement is limited to a maximum of 6. Any twisting of the weld-on brackets against each other should be prevented because of the limitation on movement resulting from this. All welding at the connections or in their vicinity should be completed before installing the shock absorbers. For installation, type 30 shock absorbers must be set at the required installation length (the connection pin to connection pin dimension) by extending the piston rods. This must be done slowly, smoothly and below the lockup velocity to avoid blocking the shock absorber. Smaller types can be extended by hand. The weight of the larger shock absorbers can be exploited to help extend them by hanging the unit to the connecting lug of the piston rod. The shock absorbers can be installed in practically any conceivable position. The piston rod should be connected to the heat conducting component to dissipate, via the protective shroud, any heat from radiation. The installation position of the absorbers should be so selected as to offer easy access to the sight glass for fluid inspection during service checks.
piston rod cover weld-on bracket name plate conn. lug
sight glass travel indicator
Type 30
3.15
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The connections to the various attachment structures must be form-fit for load actuation. All threaded connections in the flux of force must be tightened with sufficient torque. If, after installation, any welding on the attachment structure is performed near the installed shock absorber, care must be taken that no welding current strays through the body of the snubber. After installing the complete system, it is recommended that each unit be inspected for the following: A. Correct fitting of form-fit connections for load actuation (locking screws on the connecting lugs, secure pins, threaded connections). B. All installation points must be checked for adequate freedom of movement during thermal expansion. Care must be taken to allow the connecting lugs to move freely in the connection brackets and care also taken to prevent the piston from reaching the end position. For the piston position, a safety zone of 10mm at each end of the cylinder stroke is recommended. The position can be read from the travel scale. Before commissioning the plant, a full visual inspection of all shock absorbers and installation situations is recommended. Welding the weld-on brackets The following procedure is recommended for the welding of weld-on brackets: The minimum weld seam thickness a for type 35 weld-on brackets is dependent on the angular displacement and . A permissible stress of 90N/mm2 at load case Level A formed the basis of the calculation. If the angular displacement increases to 90, the permissible loads are reduced by approximately 15% at a constant weld seam thickness (a min at = 45). For permissible loads, see load table in Technical Specifications, page 0.5 Welding procedure 1. Remove pins from weld-on brackets 2. Preheat weld-on brackets, from type 35 79 19 onwards, to ~ ~ 100C 3. Use base electrodes 4. Welding should be performed in layers to avoid welding distortion. (For sequence, see diagram) 5. Allow bracket to cool to 100C after each welding layer
Type =15 =30 =45 = 6 = 6 = 6 35 19 13 3.0 3.0 3.0 35 29 13 3.0 3.0 3.0 35 39 13 3.0 3.0 3.0 35 49 13 3.0 4.0 5.0 35 59 19 5.5 7.0 8.0 35 69 19 7.5 9.5 11.0 35 79 19 10.5 13.5 15.5 35 89 19 14.5 18.0 21.0 35 99 11 15.0 20.0 23.0 35 09 13 14.0 17.0 19.0 35 20 19 23.0
a a a
conn. lug ball bushing
travel indicator
weld-on bracket
name plate fluid level indicator removable valves
Type 31
3.16
SHOCK ABSORBERS MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS

Shock absorbers are components of great safetyrelated significance for a plant. They offer protection to the piping system and other components against dynamic overloading due to unplanned load events. As these are unpredictable, the complete functional safety of the shock absorbers must be guaranteed at all times. For normal operating conditions shock absorbers are designed to function for the entire 40 year life of a plant. The seals and hydraulic fluid should be changed at least once during this period, at the latest after 20 years. However, under certain conditions (extreme stresses) shock absorbers can experience premature ageing and increased mechanical wear. Preventive maintenance is recommended in order to make sure the shock absorbers remain fully operational and reliable. This maintenance is the responsibility of the plant operators. Measures 1. Regular inspection visual inspection, once per year 2. Extended inspection function tests, 12 years after commissioning at the latest. Implementation Inspection and maintenance work should be carried out by specially trained personnel. LISEGA servicing specialists can do this if required. For dynamic function tests, qualified test benches which can also be brought to the plant are available. 1. Regular inspection Regular inspection should involve a visual inspection carried out once a year on all units installed. The first inspection should take place immediately before commissioning. During the regular inspection, not only the shock absorbers must be inspected, but also the environmental conditions and installation situation. The check list should include the following points: all units to be inspected, noting installation position planned operational connection displacements special environmental or operating conditions. any maintenance work previously carried out.
Mobile computer controlled LISEGA test bench in a Belgian nuclear power plant
3.17
3
The following should be checked at the installed position: Conformity of name plate data with check list. Correct form fitting of all connections for load actuation Correct freedom of movement of shock absorber during operating displacements Position of main piston rod as regards sufficient stroke, including travel reserve (min. 10 mm). Exterior condition of shock absorber for any damage or leakage. Surrounding area for possible signs of unusual operating conditions, e.g. increased temperature Fluid indicator level As long as the reservoir piston cannot be seen through the sight glass there is sufficient fluid in the reservoir. If the piston is visible, it must be assumed that fluid has been lost. Observations and findings are to be recorded on the check list and if required, recommendations for corrective action made. 2. Extended inspection An extended inspection is carried out after 12 years of operation, whereby a number of installed shock absorbers (min. 2 units per type) are subjected to an additional function test. After successful testing, the shock absorbers can be reinstalled for further service. In the event of deviations in performance, the shock absorber in question should be dismantled and the function-related parts inspected. The plant operators are responsible for taking and documenting any corrective measures. The scope of testing and the selection of shock absorbers should be agreed on by the relevant plant department and the service engineer responsible. Special consideration is to be given to various stress factors (temperature, radiation, loads, operational vibrations). The timing and scope of the next Extended Inspection is to be decided on the basis of inspection results recorded. After approximately 20 years of operation at the latest, it is recommended that the hydraulic fluid and seals are replaced in all shock absorbers. Following this work, carried out by trained personnel using original LISEGA spare parts, and after successful function testing, the shock absorbers can be used again for a further 20 years.
Examples of shock absorber installation in nuclear plants
3.18
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS TYPE 36, 37

In the sphere of dynamic supports, the design of pipe clamps is often not carried out with sufficient care. In spite of impeccable main support units (shock absorbers, rigid struts and energy absorbers), the functioning of the whole construction can be adversely affected by faulty pipe clamps. Instability caused by twisted clamps of the frictional grip type (fig. 1) is especially dangerous. Because of the unavoidable creep characteristics of preset metals a lasting frictional grip cannot be maintained at high temperatures by way of simple bolt presetting. Even oversize boltings do not solve the problem, because on corresponding presetting they would cause impermissible contraction of the pipe (pipe squeezer). A typical fault is too soft a clamp design (fig. 2), where the necessary stiffness is not attained. Care should be taken that the connections on the pipe clamps fit snugly. So that no constraints arise, sufficient room for lateral movement on displacement in the piping system must be guaranteed. Prevention of twisting through shear lugs To prevent twisting, LISEGA recommends on principle the use of shear lugs with dynamic pipe clamps (fig. 3, 5, 6). This way, defined and verifiable behavior is ensured.
Fig. 2 Fig. 5
The lugs maintain the position of the pipe clamps in the expected direction of force and are not subjected to any significant load (fig. 5). Even in the load case, no significant lateral stresses are produced, as the friction forces on the contact surface of the pipe under load provide a secure grip. Because of the slight forces to be absorbed, welding stress can be kept to a minimum, despite the small dimensions of the shear lugs. Generally, they are kept below 35% of the yield strength, or creep stress limit for load condition H, according to the permissible values in ASME / DIN codes. Frictional grip with the help of disc springs If the welding of lugs is not possible for any fundamental reason, LISEGA offers dynamic pipe clamps fitted with disc springs (fig. 4). Via correspondingly dimensioned sets of springs, a lasting torque for permanent friction grip can be produced.
Fig. 1
Fig. 3
lug
OD
Fig. 6 Lug dimensions

1.5 x N Catalog dimension B1 add. 2mm
tube
Fig. 4
friction
friction tube = 0.1...0.4 (friction value)
Force distribution in a dynamic pipe clamp with shear lug connection
OD
0-2mm
lug
friction
N = Catalog dimension F less 1mm
3.19
3
LISEGA standard design To provide the ideal solution for all areas of application and at the same time achieve the most favorable performance weight ratios, LISEGA offers four standard designs. Dynamic pipe clamps as hanger clamps The given permissible loads have been calculated for dynamic operation with shock absorbers / rigid struts in accordance with the dynamic load spectra shown on page 3.10. In special cases the dynamic clamps are fitted as hanger clamps, under permanent static load. In this case, the given permissible loads have to be reduced as per the following table:
pipe temperature until 350C clamp material permissible permanent tensile stress
If no special arrangement is ordered, the bracket connection is so fitted that the main angulation range runs along the axis of the pipe. For type 37, the weld-on bracket is to be ordered separately.
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
450C 500C 510C 530C 560C
S235JRG2 / S355J2G3 16Mo3 16Mo3 13CrMo4-5 13CrMo4-5 13CrMo4-5
100% 90% 55% 65% 55% 45%
Type 36
Type 37 Type 37. .. 1/2/3/4/5/6
This calculation applies to creep strengths dep. on time in the range of 200,000h at temperatures 450C.
Special designs In some cases, special designs can be a useful alternative to pipe clamps types 36 and 37. Especially in cases of parallel and angulated arrangements, standardized design and calculation methods have proven their worth. Selection The selection tables are divided according to pipe diameters. Via the temperature ranges and the permissible loads, the type designation for the appropriate clamp is found. After that, the installation dimensions are to be checked using the drawing. Special attention must be given to the lug connections of shock absorbers, energy absorbers or rigid struts. If the standard pin connection d1 does not fit, another appropriate weld-on bracket (see page 3.8) can be provided.
Type 36 .. .4/5 Special clamp for angular arrangement
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
Dynamic axial pipe clamp with shock absorbers
3.20
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP SELECTION TABLE OD 33.7 - OD 108.0

OD 33.7 (ND 25)
permissible laod (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A B 75 50 110 10 36 03 11 4.0 4.0 4.0 75 50 155 10 4.0 4.0 36 03 21 75 50 160 10 4.0 3.9 2.9 36 03 31 B1 20 20 20 max. F Load gr. 2 9 2 9 2 9 kg 0.9 1.1 1.1
OD 42.4 (ND 32)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A B 36 04 11 8.0 8.0 8.0 85 50 130 12 36 04 21 85 50 175 12 6.4 5.1 36 04 31 85 50 175 10 4.0 3.9 2.9 B1 20 20 20 max. F Load gr. 3 9 3 9 2 9 kg 1.2 1.4 1.3
OD 48.3 (ND 40)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A B 12 130 90 50 36 05 11 8.0 8.0 7.4 6.5 5.1 12 175 90 50 36 05 21 4.0 4.0 2.9 10 175 90 50 36 05 31 B1 20 20 20 max. F Load gr. 9 3 9 3 9 2 kg 1.2 1.5 1.4
OD 60.3 (ND 50)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A 36 06 11 16 14 11 15 150 110 36 06 21 8.0 8.0 12 190 110 36 06 31 7.2 6.1 4.4 12 195 110 B 50 50 50 B1 25 25 25 max. F Load gr. 9 4 9 3 9 3 kg 1.9 2.2 2.2
Type 36 .. .1
OD 73.0 (ND 65)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A 15 160 120 36 07 11 15 14 12 8.0 7.6 12 210 120 36 07 21 6.9 5.8 4.2 12 215 120 36 07 31 Calculation of interim values: linear interpolation. The connecting load group
has to be stated in the order. On selection of a lower load group than stated in the table, the E dim. of the clamp is reduced in accordance with the E dim. of the weld-on bracket (see page 3.8).
B 50 50 50
B1 25 25 25
max. F Load gr. 9 4 9 3 9 3
kg 2.2 2.7 2.6
OD 76.1 (ND 65)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A B 15 160 125 50 36 08 11 15 14 13 8.0 7.7 12 210 125 50 36 08 21 7.0 5.8 4.3 12 215 125 50 36 08 31 B1 25 25 25 max. F Load gr. 9 4 9 3 9 3 kg 2.2 2.7 2.7
OD 88.9 (ND 80)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A B 36 09 11 23 20 19 20 185 146 50 36 09 21 18 15 15 230 146 50 36 09 31 14 11 8.3 15 235 146 50 B1 30 30 30 max. F Load gr. 11 5 11 4 11 4 kg 3.8 4.5 4.3
Lug dimensions: F less 1mm;

B1 plus 2mm (see page 3.19).
OD 108.0 (ND 100)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax A B 20 205 165 50 36 10 11 32 29 24 18 15 15 265 165 50 36 10 21 13 11 8.1 15 270 165 50 36 10 31 B1 35 35 30 max. F Load gr. 11 5 11 4 11 4 kg 4.9 6.5 5.5
3.21

OD 114.3 (ND 100)
permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 36 11 11 31 28 24 210 20 36 11 21 270 15 18 15 36 11 24 280 20 40 35 36 11 31 280 15 13 10 8.0 36 11 34 290 20 32 26 16 A B 175 50 175 50 175 100 175 50 175 100 B1 35 35 60 30 60 max. F Load gr. kg 5.1 5 11 6.5 4 11 11.7 5 13 5.5 4 11 11.8 5 13
3
kg 6.0 6.7 16.2 6.4 14.3
OD 133.0 (ND 125)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 36 13 11 31 28 23 225 20 36 13 21 275 15 18 14 36 13 24 285 20 40 37 36 13 31 285 15 13 11 8.0 36 13 34 295 20 33 27 18 A B 190 50 190 50 190 100 190 50 190 100 B1 35 30 60 30 60 max. F Load gr. kg 5.8 5 11 6.3 4 11 12.8 5 13 6.1 4 11 13.0 5 13
OD 139.7 (ND 125)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 36 14 11 31 28 23 230 20 36 14 21 285 15 18 14 36 14 24 320 30 43 34 36 14 31 295 15 12 10 7.9 36 14 34 305 20 32 27 19 A B 200 50 200 50 200 100 200 50 200 100 B1 35 30 60 30 60 max. F Load gr. 5 11 4 11 6 13 4 11 5 13 max. F Load gr. 5 11 4 11 6 13 4 11 5 13
Type 36 .. .1/2
OD 159.0 (ND 150)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 245 20 36 16 11 30 27 24 300 15 18 14 36 16 21 335 30 43 34 36 16 24 310 15 12 10 7.8 36 16 31 320 20 32 27 19 36 16 34 A B 220 50 215 50 215 100 215 50 215 100 B1 35 30 60 30 60 kg 6.7 7.5 17.9 7.2 15.4
OD 168.3 (ND 150)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 270 20 36 17 11 29 26 23 270 30 36 17 12 51 45 33 315 15 17 13 36 17 21 315 20 28 25 36 17 22 340 30 43 34 36 17 24 320 15 12 10 7.7 36 17 31 320 15 18 17 13 36 17 32 345 30 55 46 33 36 17 34 Calculation of interim values: linear interpolation. The connecting load group has to be stated in the order. On selection of a lower load group than stated in the table. the E dim. of the clamp is reduced in accordance with the E dim. of the weld-on bracket (see page 3.8). Lug dimensions: F less 1mm; B1 plus 2mm (see page 3.19). A B 230 50 245 50 225 50 240 50 225 100 225 50 240 50 240 100 B1 35 45 30 40 60 30 40 80 max. F Load gr. 5 11 6 11 4 11 5 11 6 13 4 11 4 11 6 16 kg 7.6 11.5 8.3 10.9 18.7 7.7 10.5 26.0
Type 36 .. .4
3.22

OD 193.7 (ND 175)
permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 36 19 11 50 46 37 285 30 36 19 12 65 57 49 285 30 36 19 21 355 20 27 23 36 19 22 355 30 43 36 36 19 24 355 30 68 58 36 19 31 350 15 18 17 13 36 19 32 350 20 34 28 19 36 19 34 375 30 54 45 33 A B 270 50 275 50 265 50 275 50 265 100 265 50 275 50 265 100 B1 45 45 40 45 80 40 45 80 max. F Load gr. 6 11 6 13 5 11 6 13 6 13 4 11 5 13 6 16 kg 12.5 14.0 13.4 17.7 29.0 12.5 15.5 30.0
OD 219.1 (ND 200)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 310 30 36 22 11 49 44 38 310 30 36 22 12 65 57 49 385 20 28 23 36 22 21 385 30 43 35 36 22 22 385 30 71 58 36 22 24 370 15 18 17 13 36 22 31 370 20 33 28 20 36 22 32 395 30 53 44 32 36 22 34 A B 300 50 300 50 290 50 300 50 290 100 290 50 300 50 290 100 B1 45 45 40 45 80 40 45 80 max. F Load gr. 6 11 6 13 5 11 6 13 6 13 4 11 5 13 6 16 kg 14.0 16.0 14.0 20.0 33.0 12.5 16.5 34.0
Type 36 .. .1/2
OD 244.5 (ND 225)

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 36 24 11 49 45 36 320 30 36 24 12 65 57 47 320 30 36 24 21 400 20 29 22 36 24 22 400 30 43 35 36 24 24 400 30 74 58 36 24 25 415 50 109 86 36 24 31 395 15 18 17 13 36 24 32 395 20 33 27 18 36 24 34 420 30 52 44 32 36 24 35 420 30 79 66 44 A 320 330 320 330 320 330 320 330 320 330 B 50 50 50 50 100 100 50 50 100 100 B1 45 45 40 45 80 90 40 45 80 90 max. F Load gr. 6 11 6 13 5 11 6 13 6 13 7 16 4 11 5 13 6 16 6 16 kg 15.0 17.0 15.0 21.5 35.0 48.0 13.5 18.0 35.0 43.0
OD 267.0 (ND 250) Type 36 .. .4/5

permissible load (kN) Type 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 335 30 36 26 11 49 44 38 335 30 36 26 12 65 57 48 410 20 29 23 36 26 21 410 30 43 35 36 26 22 410 30 74 58 36 26 24 425 50 110 87 36 26 25 410 15 18 17 13 36 26 31 410 20 32 27 19 36 26 32 435 30 52 43 32 36 26 34 435 30 78 66 47 36 26 35 Calculation of interim values: linear interpolation. The connecting load group has to be stated in the order. On selection of a lower load group than stated in the table, the E dim. of the clamp is reduced in accordance with the E dim. of the weld-on bracket (see page 3.8). Lug dimensions: F less 1mm; B1 plus 2mm (see page 3.19). A 345 350 340 350 340 350 340 350 340 350 B 50 50 50 50 100 100 50 50 100 100 B1 45 45 40 45 80 90 40 45 80 90 max. F Load gr. 6 11 6 13 5 11 6 13 6 13 7 16 4 11 5 13 6 16 6 16 kg 16.0 18.5 16.0 22.0 36.0 50.0 14.5 19.0 37.0 45.0
3.23

OD 273.0 (ND 250)
Type 36 27 11 36 27 12 36 27 14 36 27 15 36 27 21 36 27 22 36 27 24 36 27 25 36 27 31 36 27 32 36 27 34 36 27 35 permissible load (kN) 100 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 345 30 48 44 38 345 30 65 57 47 360 50 110 100 81 360 50 166 150 120 420 20 28 22 420 30 43 34 420 30 73 58 435 50 109 86 435 15 18 17 12 435 20 31 26 18 460 30 50 42 31 460 30 76 64 45 A 350 355 345 355 345 355 345 355 345 355 345 355 B 50 50 100 100 50 50 100 100 50 50 100 100 B1 45 45 80 90 40 45 80 90 40 45 80 90 max. F Load gr. 6 11 6 13 7 13 7 16 5 11 6 13 6 13 7 16 4 11 5 13 6 16 6 16 kg 17 19 34 42 16 23 37 52 15 20 40 48
3
kg 19 24 34 50 71 20 28 38 58 85 20 25 39 54 84
OD 323.9 (ND 300)

Type 36 32 11 36 32 12 36 32 13 36 32 14 36 32 15 36 32 21 36 32 22 36 32 23 36 32 24 36 32 25 36 32 31 36 32 32 36 32 33 36 32 34 36 32 35 100 37 65 100 164 200 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 380 20 35 34 380 30 57 48 380 30 100 81 395 50 149 134 395 50 182 163 450 20 28 22 450 30 43 34 450 30 67 63 465 50 108 85 465 50 143 137 450 15 18 17 12 470 20 30 25 18 470 30 56 47 31 470 30 78 65 48 485 50 136 114 83 A 405 415 430 415 430 405 415 430 415 430 405 415 430 415 430 B 60 60 60 120 120 60 60 60 120 120 60 60 60 120 120 max. B1 F Load gr. 5 40 11 6 45 13 6 60 13 7 90 16 7 120 16 5 40 11 6 45 13 6 60 13 7 90 16 7 120 21 4 40 11 5 45 13 6 60 13 6 90 16 7 120 21
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
OD 355.6 (ND 350)

Type 36 36 11 36 36 12 36 36 13 36 36 14 36 36 15 36 36 21 36 36 22 36 36 23 36 36 24 36 36 25 36 36 31 36 36 32 36 36 33 36 36 34 36 36 35 100 37 65 100 166 200 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 395 20 35 32 395 30 57 52 395 30 100 88 410 50 150 138 410 50 182 166 480 20 27 21 480 30 42 33 480 30 68 61 495 50 106 84 495 50 143 137 475 15 18 17 12 495 20 30 25 18 495 30 55 46 33 495 30 77 64 47 510 50 135 113 83 A 435 445 465 445 465 435 445 465 445 465 435 445 465 445 465 max. B1 F Load gr. B 5 60 40 11 6 60 45 13 6 60 60 13 7 120 90 16 7 120 120 16 5 60 40 11 6 60 45 13 6 60 60 13 7 120 90 16 7 120 120 21 4 60 40 11 5 60 45 13 6 60 60 13 6 120 90 16 7 120 120 21 kg 20 25 36 54 76 22 30 42 64 91 21 27 41 59 89
Type 36 .. .4/5
Calculation of interim values: linear interpolation. The connecting load group has to be stated in the order. On selection of a lower load group than stated in the table, the E dim. of the clamp is reduced in accordance with the E dim. of the weld-on bracket (see page 3.8). Lug dimensions: F less 1mm; B1 plus 2mm (see page 3.19).
3.24

OD 368.0 (ND 350)
Type 36 37 11 36 37 12 36 37 13 36 37 14 36 37 15 36 37 21 36 37 22 36 37 23 36 37 24 36 37 25 36 37 31 36 37 32 36 37 33 36 37 34 36 37 35 100 37 65 100 166 279 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 400 20 35 34 400 30 57 48 400 30 100 90 415 50 151 139 440 60 230 160 485 20 27 21 485 30 42 33 485 30 69 61 500 50 106 84 500 50 143 137 480 15 18 17 12 500 20 30 25 17 500 30 55 46 34 500 30 77 65 47 515 50 135 113 83 A 450 455 475 455 475 450 455 475 455 475 450 455 475 455 475 max. B1 F Load gr. B 5 60 40 11 6 60 45 13 6 60 60 13 7 120 90 16 8 120 120 16 5 60 40 11 6 60 45 13 6 60 60 13 7 120 90 16 7 120 120 21 4 60 40 11 5 60 45 13 6 60 60 13 6 120 90 16 7 120 120 21 kg 21 26 36 55 87 23 31 42 65 93 21 27 42 60 91
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
OD 406.4 (ND 400)

Type 36 41 11 36 41 12 36 41 13 36 41 14 36 41 15 36 41 21 36 41 22 36 41 23 36 41 24 36 41 25 37 41 27 36 41 31 36 41 32 36 41 33 36 41 34 36 41 35 37 41 37 100 37 65 100 164 277 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 430 20 35 34 430 30 56 44 430 30 100 83 445 50 149 137 470 60 251 216 510 20 27 21 510 30 42 33 510 30 73 61 525 50 105 83 525 50 143 137 580 60 252 244 510 15 18 16 12 530 20 29 24 18 530 30 54 46 33 530 30 76 64 46 545 50 133 112 82 600 60 240 210 136 A 485 495 520 495 520 485 495 520 495 520 485 485 495 520 495 520 485 B 60 60 60 120 120 60 60 60 120 120 310 60 60 60 120 120 310 max. B1 F Load gr. kg 23 5 40 11 28 6 45 13 40 6 60 13 61 7 90 16 97 8 120 21 25 5 40 11 34 6 45 13 46 6 60 13 70 7 90 16 102 7 120 21 183 8 230 21 23 4 40 11 29 5 45 13 45 6 60 13 64 6 90 16 97 7 120 21 188 8 230 21
Type 36 .. .4/5
Type 37 .. .7
3.25

OD 419.0 (ND 400)
Type 36 42 11 36 42 12 36 42 13 36 42 14 36 42 15 36 42 21 36 42 22 36 42 23 36 42 24 36 42 25 37 42 27 36 42 31 36 42 32 36 42 33 36 42 34 36 42 35 37 42 37 100 37 65 100 163 276 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 C d1 Emax 440 20 35 34 440 30 57 45 440 30 100 84 455 50 148 136 480 60 250 218 530 20 26 21 530 30 41 32 530 30 76 60 545 50 103 82 545 50 143 137 595 60 257 243 520 15 18 16 12 540 20 29 24 18 540 30 54 45 33 545 30 75 63 46 560 50 132 111 81 605 60 240 210 136 A 500 510 525 510 525 500 510 525 510 525 500 500 510 525 510 525 500 B 60 60 60 120 120 60 60 60 120 120 310 60 60 60 120 120 310 max. B1 F Load gr. 5 40 11 6 45 13 6 60 13 7 90 16 8 120 21 5 40 11 6 45 13 6 60 13 7 90 16 7 120 21 8 230 21 4 40 11 5 45 13 6 60 13 6 90 16 7 120 21 8 230 21 kg 24 30 42 63 100 26 35 48 73 106 190 24 31 47 66 100 190
3
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
kg 26 33 47 70 110 28 38 52 81 116 200 26 34 52 71 112 205 290
OD 457.2 (ND 450)

Type 36 46 11 36 46 12 36 46 13 36 46 14 36 46 15 36 46 21 36 46 22 36 46 23 36 46 24 36 46 25 37 46 27 36 46 31 36 46 32 36 46 33 36 46 34 36 46 35 37 46 37 37 46 38 100 37 65 100 161 274 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 35 32 57 52 100 95 146 134 248 228 26 21 41 32 76 60 101 79 143 137 257 243 16 28 53 74 131 239 347 530 560 C d1 Emax 470 20 470 30 470 30 485 50 510 60 550 20 550 30 550 30 585 50 585 50 615 60 550 15 16 11 570 20 24 17 570 30 45 32 575 30 62 45 590 50 110 80 635 60 208 135 675 70 309 207 A 540 545 565 545 565 540 545 565 545 565 535 540 545 565 545 565 535 550 B 60 60 60 120 120 60 60 60 120 120 310 60 60 60 120 120 310 330 max. B1 F Load gr. 5 40 13 6 45 13 6 60 13 7 90 16 8 120 21 5 40 13 6 45 13 6 60 13 7 90 16 7 120 21 8 230 21 4 40 13 5 45 13 6 60 13 6 90 16 7 120 21 8 230 21 9 250 26
Type 36 .. .4/5
Type 37 .. .7/8
3.26

OD 508.0 (ND 500)
Type 37 51 11 37 51 12 37 51 13 37 51 14 37 51 17 37 51 21 37 51 22 37 51 23 37 51 24 37 51 25 37 51 26 37 51 28 37 51 31 37 51 32 37 51 33 37 51 34 37 51 35 37 51 38 100 75 126 180 270 356 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 57 41 100 73 137 100 195 153 269 195 51 49 81 76 116 111 181 172 211 201 234 222 380 360 45 76 108 164 198 346 530 560 C d1 Emax 515 30 530 50 560 60 600 70 600 70 595 30 620 50 620 50 650 60 650 60 650 60 650 70 625 30 37 27 625 30 71 47 640 50 94 68 665 60 149 109 665 60 183 132 710 70 307 201 A 595 620 630 655 590 575 590 605 625 635 670 605 580 600 600 640 640 605 B 170 170 230 330 310 140 170 180 240 240 250 330 140 170 180 230 240 330 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 13 7 136 13 8 180 16 9 260 21 9 230 21 6 104 13 7 130 13 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 104 13 6 130 13 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 26 9 250 26 kg 43 63 104 183 210 40 65 90 148 179 198 295 42 63 91 146 180 310
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
OD 558.8 (ND 550)

Type 37 56 11 37 56 12 37 56 13 37 56 14 37 56 17 37 56 21 37 56 22 37 56 23 37 56 24 37 56 25 37 56 26 37 56 28 37 56 31 37 56 32 37 56 33 37 56 34 37 56 35 37 56 38 37 56 39 100 74 126 180 270 356 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 56 41 100 72 136 100 195 153 269 195 50 48 80 76 116 110 181 171 211 201 233 221 370 350 45 76 108 163 198 346 415 530 560 C d1 Emax 550 30 565 50 595 60 635 70 635 70 640 30 655 50 655 50 680 60 680 60 680 60 725 70 650 30 37 27 650 30 71 51 665 50 94 68 695 60 149 108 695 60 182 132 735 70 304 196 735 70 385 265 A 645 670 680 705 640 630 640 655 675 685 720 655 625 650 650 690 690 655 670 B 170 170 230 330 310 140 170 180 240 240 250 330 140 170 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 13 7 136 13 8 180 16 9 260 21 9 230 21 6 104 13 7 130 13 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 104 13 6 130 13 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26 kg 45 66 110 191 226 43 69 95 155 187 206 330 44 66 95 153 188 330 405
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
3.27

OD 609.6 (ND 600)
Type 37 61 11 37 61 12 37 61 13 37 61 14 37 61 17 37 61 18 37 61 21 37 61 22 37 61 23 37 61 24 37 61 25 37 61 26 37 61 28 37 61 31 37 61 32 37 61 33 37 61 34 37 61 35 37 61 38 37 61 39 100 75 126 182 270 359 540 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 57 41 100 73 137 100 197 155 272 196 412 300 50 48 80 76 116 110 180 171 210 200 233 221 367 347 45 76 108 162 196 344 413 530 560 C d1 Emax 575 30 590 50 620 60 660 70 660 70 660 70 670 30 685 50 685 50 715 60 715 60 715 60 760 70 685 30 37 26 685 30 71 51 700 50 93 68 730 60 148 107 730 60 182 132 770 70 302 195 770 70 380 277 A 695 720 730 755 690 705 680 690 705 725 735 770 705 680 700 700 740 740 705 720 B 170 170 230 330 310 330 140 170 180 240 240 250 330 140 170 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 16 9 260 16 9 230 21 9 250 21 6 104 16 7 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 104 16 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26 kg 47 68 114 197 236 295 46 71 100 164 197 218 355 47 69 100 161 198 350 430
3
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
kg 50 73 120 205 250 310 55 81 104 170 207 230 375 55 80 105 168 206 370 455
OD 660.4 (ND 650)

Type 37 66 11 37 66 12 37 66 13 37 66 14 37 66 17 37 66 18 37 66 21 37 66 22 37 66 23 37 66 24 37 66 25 37 66 26 37 66 28 37 66 31 37 66 32 37 66 33 37 66 34 37 66 35 37 66 38 37 66 39 100 75 126 182 274 360 540 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 57 41 100 73 138 100 198 155 273 197 413 300 52 49 79 76 116 110 180 170 210 200 233 221 366 347 46 77 108 164 198 344 413 530 560 C d1 Emax 605 30 620 50 650 60 690 70 690 70 690 70 700 30 715 50 715 50 750 60 750 60 750 60 790 70 715 30 38 27 715 30 72 53 730 50 94 68 755 60 149 108 755 60 183 133 795 70 302 195 795 70 380 277 A 750 770 780 805 740 755 730 740 755 775 785 820 755 730 750 750 790 790 755 770 B 170 170 230 330 310 330 145 175 180 240 240 250 330 145 175 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 16 9 260 16 9 230 21 9 250 21 6 110 16 7 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 110 16 6 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
3.28

OD 711.2 (ND 700)
Type 37 71 11 37 71 12 37 71 13 37 71 14 37 71 15 37 71 18 37 71 21 37 71 22 37 71 23 37 71 24 37 71 25 37 71 26 37 71 28 37 71 31 37 71 32 37 71 33 37 71 34 37 71 35 37 71 38 37 71 39 100 75 126 182 275 335 540 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 57 41 96 68 138 100 200 156 244 188 414 300 52 49 79 76 116 110 182 172 212 202 235 223 368 350 47 78 109 165 199 345 415 530 560 C d1 Emax 635 30 650 50 680 60 720 70 720 70 720 70 725 30 745 50 745 50 770 60 770 60 770 60 815 70 740 30 38 27 740 30 72 54 755 50 94 68 780 60 150 109 780 60 184 134 825 70 302 195 825 70 383 278 A 800 825 835 860 880 810 780 795 810 830 840 875 810 780 805 805 845 845 810 825 B 170 170 230 330 330 330 145 175 180 240 240 250 330 145 175 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 16 9 260 16 9 260 21 9 250 21 6 110 16 7 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 110 16 6 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26 kg 53 75 124 211 240 325 58 85 110 177 215 240 390 59 84 109 173 215 385 475
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
OD 762.0 (ND 750)

Type 37 76 11 37 76 12 37 76 13 37 76 14 37 76 15 37 76 16 37 76 18 37 76 21 37 76 22 37 76 23 37 76 24 37 76 26 37 76 28 37 76 31 37 76 32 37 76 33 37 76 34 37 76 35 37 76 38 37 76 39 100 75 125 182 280 335 400 540 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 56 41 100 70 138 100 216 156 244 188 300 236 414 300 51 49 79 76 116 110 182 173 236 223 370 350 47 78 109 166 200 347 417 530 560 C d1 Emax 665 30 680 50 710 60 750 70 750 70 750 70 750 70 760 30 775 50 775 50 800 60 800 60 845 70 765 30 38 28 765 30 73 53 780 50 95 69 805 60 151 110 805 60 185 135 850 70 305 197 850 70 385 280 A 850 875 885 910 930 935 860 830 845 860 880 925 860 830 855 855 895 895 860 875 B 170 170 230 330 330 330 330 145 175 180 240 250 330 145 175 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 16 9 260 16 9 260 21 9 260 21 9 250 21 6 110 16 7 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 110 16 6 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26 kg 56 80 128 222 247 270 345 62 90 113 185 245 410 62 87 113 180 222 405 500
Type 37 .. .8/9
3.29

OD 812.8 (ND 800)
Type 37 81 11 37 81 12 37 81 13 37 81 14 37 81 15 37 81 16 37 81 18 37 81 21 37 81 22 37 81 23 37 81 24 37 81 26 37 81 28 37 81 31 37 81 32 37 81 33 37 81 34 37 81 35 37 81 38 37 81 39 100 74 125 181 280 335 400 540 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 56 40 100 71 137 100 215 156 244 188 300 235 413 300 51 49 79 76 116 110 182 173 236 224 370 350 47 78 110 166 201 350 420 530 560 C d1 Emax 700 30 715 50 745 60 785 70 785 70 785 70 785 70 790 30 805 50 805 50 830 60 830 60 875 70 790 30 38 28 790 30 73 54 805 50 95 69 830 60 153 107 830 60 186 135 875 70 306 198 875 70 387 280 A 905 925 935 960 980 985 910 880 895 910 930 975 910 880 905 910 945 945 910 925 B 170 170 230 330 330 330 330 145 175 180 240 250 330 145 175 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 16 9 260 16 9 260 21 9 260 21 9 250 21 6 110 16 7 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 6 110 16 6 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26 kg 59 84 134 230 255 280 360 65 95 118 190 255 430 65 92 117 185 230 420 520
3
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
kg 66 93 144 240 270 295 390 72 103 125 200 270 460 555 73 101 126 195 240 455 570
OD 914.4 (ND 900)

Type 37 91 11 37 91 12 37 91 13 37 91 14 37 91 15 37 91 16 37 91 18 37 91 21 37 91 22 37 91 23 37 91 24 37 91 26 37 91 28 37 91 29 37 91 31 37 91 32 37 91 33 37 91 34 37 91 35 37 91 38 37 91 39 100 74 120 181 280 335 400 540 permissible load (kN) 250 350 450 500 510 56 40 94 67 137 100 216 156 244 188 300 236 413 300 52 49 80 77 117 111 184 174 238 226 374 354 450 425 47 78 109 168 203 350 420 530 560 C d1 Emax A 760 1005 30 775 1030 50 805 1040 60 845 1060 70 845 1080 70 845 1090 70 845 1010 70 985 840 30 995 855 50 855 1010 50 880 1030 60 880 1080 60 925 1010 70 925 1020 70 985 850 30 38 28 850 1005 30 73 54 865 1010 50 96 66 880 1045 60 149 97 880 1045 60 188 137 935 1010 70 307 200 935 1025 70 388 283 B 170 170 230 330 330 330 330 145 175 180 240 250 330 390 145 175 180 230 240 330 390 max. B1 F Load gr. 6 130 16 7 136 16 8 180 16 9 260 16 9 260 21 9 260 21 9 250 21 6 110 16 7 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26 6 110 16 6 136 16 7 136 16 8 180 21 8 190 21 9 250 26 9 290 26
Type 37 .. .8/9
3.30
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

LISEGA dynamic pipe clamps are supplied ready for installation complete with all the nuts and bolts required. It is recommended that units be stored only in closed rooms. If storage in the open is unavoidable, they must be protected from dirt and moisture. Prevention of twisting To prevent the clamp from twisting, it is recommended that a shear lug be welded to the pipe (see also page 3.19). The lug dimensions can be found in the selection tables for dynamic clamps on pages 3.21 3.30. Type 36 This design has a solid upper yoke with integrated connection bracket and, depending on the load range, one or two U-bolts with inlay plate are provided.
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
Type 37 This is the heavier type for larger pipe diameters and higher loads. Normally, the bracket type 35 is welded to the upper yoke. If the bracket is supplied loose on customer request, it must be welded on site following the welding instructions on page 3.16. The counterpart to the yoke consists of one or two flat steel straps depending on load. The straps are pinned to the yoke to make transport easier. For installation, the straps must be removed from the forked blocks by loosening the pin connection. The yoke is placed on the shear lug. From the opposite side the flat steel strap is fitted into the bolton clevises, fixed with the pins and secured by cotter pins. The clamp is then checked and positioned as required.
Type 36 .. .4/5
For installation, remove the preassembled U-bolts. Then place the yoke over the shear lug. Reassemble the U-bolt and inlay from the opposite side, tightening the nuts only lightly at first. Then check and position the clamp as required. Finally, the nuts can be properly tightened and countered.
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
Finally the nuts are properly tightened. The hex nuts must be locked in position by bending the tab washers to prevent unintentional loosing.
3.31
3.32
ENERGY ABSORBER TYPE 32

Short lived but high magnitude fluid transient loads can be compensated by smaller, defined support loads. As a result, if energy absorbers are installed, any reinforcement of existing structures can be dispensed with. In new constructions, the load limitation permits a more economical use of steel right from the start. Replacement for box frame constructions Energy absorbers are ideally suited to the guidance and limitation of thermal movements. This way, not only are the usual and often expensive box frame constructions not required, but frictional forces between the piping and the frame are also avoided. Pipe whip restraint An ideal application for energy absorbers is as protection from pipe whip. When used in angular arrangements, large forces can be absorbed. The direction of defined lines of force can be determined by the arrangement. The advantage over U-bolt designs consists in the far less restricted effective radius.
A fully developed concept is needed for the best possible protection of plant components against pressure shocks. In the specific use of the most appropriate components, safety and economic efficiency need not exclude each other. Field of application The field of application for LISEGA energy absorbers lies roughly between the LISEGA rigid struts and shock absorbers. Energy absorbers are used just like these components, to suppress abrupt displacements in piping or other components. In contrast to rigid struts and shock absorbers, energy absorbers are equipped with an adjustable free stroke (0 30mm) allowing slight thermal movements without any resistance. Conversion into deformation energy After passing through the free stroke, possible pressure shocks are absorbed by limiting stops, and up to a defined load maximum (nominal load) are transferred to the surrounding structure. Forces in excess of this or peaks of force are converted into deformation energy by the energy absorbers, rather than loading the other attached components. Piping displacements within the adjusted range of the free stroke are acceptable, provided that the permissible stresses are not thereby exceeded. If necessary, corresponding proof must be supplied. Special software and advice can be offered if required. Maintenance-free use LISEGA energy absorbers are ideal for dealing with small or negligible thermal movements when connected components are to be protected from dynamic overload in a controlled manner. The energy absorbers contain no wear parts of any kind, and therefore require no maintenance. Protection from water hammer Energy absorbers are ideal for protecting other connected components against possible water hammer.
Energy absorber used instead of a dual guide. The box frame can be dispensed with.
3.33
3
Replacement of shock absorbers Where thermal movements are relatively small, energy absorbers constitute an ideal replacement for earlier types of shock absorbers, often prone to failure. In this way, costly repairs and recurrent tests are avoided.
flange special lug short extension extension kit type 33 To enable energy absorbers to be fitted to existing connections, an assortment of special adaptors is available besides the standard extension (type 33)
Analysis of piping behavior Where energy absorbers are used, the GAPP program can be applied to perform seismic and fluid transient analysis. GAPP allows piping to displace within the permissible tolerance for the movements. For the load event, the specific load limiting property of energy absorbers is taken into account. In response spectrum analyses, the program reproduces an equivalent linear spring characteristic to approximate to the non-linear situation. When fluid transient analyses are performed, the program uses time history methods. The unique capacity of the energy absorber to take up and convert kinetic energy brings the user valuable benefits: limitation of dynamic loads for attached components lighter steel constructions enabled no need to strengthen auxiliary structures small installation dimensions minimize danger of interference thermal piping movement not impeded no maintenance required due to absence of wear parts no recurrent testing required simple installation via length adjustment
Development cooperation The development of type 32 energy absorbers is the result of specific and successful cooperation between SARGENT & LUNDY, a leading American engineering company, and LISEGA. SARGENT & LUNDY also created the calculation software, or GAPP program. Both this prog-ram and the energy absorbers themselves have been rigorously tested by the American NRC (Nuclear Reactor Commission), and approved for use in nuclear power stations.
3.34
ENERGY ABSORBERS TYPE 32 INSTALLATION DIMENSIONS
free stroke adjustment total length adjustment
indicator for absorbed energy min. thread engagement
free stroke (compression)
free stroke (tension)
When the nominal load is exceeded, the increased force and movement is converted into deformation energy.
Type 32 18 16 32 38 16 32 42 16 32 52 16 32 62 16 32 72 16 32 82 16 32 92 16
Maximum deformation travel

in the direction of tension and compression.
Dimensions at the midpoint of

free strokes t1/t2, and a length adjustment of A dimension. When changing t2, E dimension is either reduced or increased.
Nom.load (kN) 3 8 18 46 100 200 350 550
s 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.5 9.5 12.5
t1 0-20 0-22 0-25 0-25 0-25 0-28 0-30
t2
d3 10 12 15 20 30 50 60
F 18 50 58 65 100 130 165
R 15 20 22.5 30 45 60 75
SG 9 10 12 16 22 35 44
0-20 56 0-22 60 0-25 80 0-25 115 0-25 130 0-28 195 0-30 250
8550 300 9550 355 440 12575 490 15075 575 16575 715 17575 945 22575 on demand
Weight (kg) 0.8 1.8 3.6 11.5 18.5 47.0 105.0
Individual use The standard designs shown in the table do not show the full scope of supply possibilities. LISEGA can adapt the products to the special requirements of the user.
This especially relates to applications where load and stroke exceed standard parameters.
Order details: Energy absorber type 32 .. 16 t1= t2= mm with two weld-on brackets type 35 .. .. Marking:
3.35
ENERGY ABSORBER MODE OF OPERATION

free stroke (compression) wedge B free stroke (tension)
3
E A C D
indicator for absorbed energy G
total length adjustment free stroke adjustment H
MODE OF OPERATION An energy absorber works via an adjustable free stroke that absorbs thermal movements. The adjustment of this free stroke can be made in the range of 25 mm (for a medium sized design). Within this range the pipe is free to move without resistance. Dynamic shocks, on the other hand, are limited in their movement by stops. The resulting forces are transferred to the surrounding structures up to the given nominal load, and when above that, are transformed into deformation energy by the energy absorber. This has the effect of providing a controlled protection from overload for the attached components. The unit consists of an austenitic outer sleeve (A) with a defined undersize, into which tapered bronze disks (B) have been force fitted. The outer sleeve is closed off with a base plate (C), onto which the connection lug (D) is attached. Forces are transferred throughout the whole unit by the stops (E) and the shaft (F). In the event of a dynamic force exceeding the insertion force of the tapered disks (nominal load), the disk affected is driven forward and leads to an expansion of the sleeve. This way, the excess forces are kept clear of the attachment structures via conversion into deformation energy. If such a process has occurred, the advance of the tapered disk affected can be read off on the indicator rod (G). For further use of the energy absorber, only a corresponding readjustment of the free stroke for the new position
is required, using the adjustment device (H). Corresponding procedures are repeatable up to a maximum deformation travel (s). Installation The energy absorbers correspond to the load groups in Product Group 3 (dynamic components) and are correspondingly load and connection compatible with other connection components of this product group. Attention is drawn to the notices on pages 3.3 and 3.15 to 3.16. Functional qualification The LISEGA energy absorbers have undergone a stringent test program to prove their functional reliability. Adequate safety margins have been proven by numerous dynamic and static loading tests.
load F / kN -3 -2 -1 50
30
10 1 2 stroke s / mm -30 3
-10
-50 Tested load/travel characteristics on oscillating loadings nominal load.
3.36
RIGID STRUTS TYPE 39

In modern support concepts, rigid struts play an important role in the optimum support system under all operating conditions. Secure and reliable positioning is a key element in its operational safety and long life. Tasks LISEGA rigid struts type 39 have a number of important functions for the operational safety of piping systems: Absorption of shocks from unexpected load events. (See page 3.1) Guidance of pipe systems to control direction of calculated thermal displacement direction. Stabilization of flexible pipe systems by fixing the so-called zero positions. Design of axial stops (movable fixed points). Mode of operation Rigid struts form rigid connections with ball bushings between the piping and structure. No restriction is placed on the limited movement of the pipe within the angular displacement of the strut. Any movement in the axial direction of the strut is suppressed. Design The struts consist of a rigid body with a ball bushing joint as a connection at both ends. The structural attachment is formed by a weldon bracket type 35 (see page 3.8). The connection to the piping is formed by the appropriate dynamic clamp type 36 / 37 (see pages 3.21 - 3.30). The body is made from a tube tapered at the ends by forging. The shape corresponds to the flux of force, and allows a favorable performance/ weight ratio. Welding has been completely dispensed with. The connections are designed as ball bushing joints with turnbuckle function having left hand / right hand threads and enable a length adjustment in a range of 150 or 300 mm. Flat faces are forged on the body to allow a proper use of wrench and facilitate length adjustments in the installed condition. Fine threads are used on the ball bushing joints to ensure secure locking. The strut bodies are manufactured in standard lengths. This way, LISEGA rigid struts are available from stock, TV qualification tested and ASME qualified.
LISEGA rigid struts differ from ordinary designs by offering the following advantages: length adjustable by left hand / right hand threads no welding secure locking of joints due to fine threads favorable performance weight ratios qualification tested by independent authority
3.37
3
Material: Joints P250GH / C45E + QT / S355J2G3 Tube P235G11TH / P355T1
ball bushing joint right hand thread minimum thread engagement left hand thread
Type 39 2. .4 39 3. .4 39 4. .4 39 5. .4 39 6. .4 39 7. .4 39 8. .4 39 9. .3 39 0. .3
Nom. load (kN) 4 8 18 46 100 200 350 550 1000
A 30 38 42 60 82 120 150 210 280
D 38 43 57 61 83 102 115 115 159
d3 10 12 15 20 30 50 60 70 100
E min 300 300 300 400 400 500 750 800 1000
E max 1900 2150 2400 2400 2900 3400 3400 3650 4150
SW1 27 32 36 60 60 70 95 110 155
SW2 32 36 46 50 70 85 100 100 135
SG 9 10 12 16 22 35 44 49 70
Minimum engagement marked

with groove in thread.
Width of ball bushing

length indication (4th and 5th digit of type number, see page 3.39)
Has to be completed with
The rigid strut with right/lefthand threads can be length adjusted like a turnbuckle Shorter E dimensions are available as a special design
Tube 115 up to E-middle =

2750, spanner width 100 Tube 127 from E-middle = 2750, spanner width 110
Order details: Rigid strut type 39 .. ..
3.38
RIGID STRUTS TYPE 39

Selection When selecting rigid struts from the following tables, the following should be observed: 1. The given operating load must be covered by the nominal load. 2. The nominal load determines the load group at the same time. 3. The suitable adjustment range must be selected for the given installation length. 4. The weight is shown at the intersection of load group and adjustment range. Permissible load and weights
Nom. load (kN) Nom. load (kN)
If the intersection is below the dividing line, it is a case of an overlength with reduced load which must be checked in the table on page 3.40 for conformity with the given operating load. 5. For ordering, the type number must be completed at the 3rd digit with the number of the load group.
4
Type 39 .0 34 39 .0 44 39 .0 54 39 .0 74 39 .0 84 39 .1 04 39 .1 24 39 .1 54 39 .1 74 39 .2 04 39 .2 24 39 .2 54 39 .2 74 39 .3 04 39 .3 24 39 .3 54 39 .3 74 39 .4 04 39 .4 24 39 .4 54 39 .4 74 39 .5 04 Adjustmentrange 300 - 450 400 - 550 500 - 650 600 - 900 750 - 900 850 - 1150 1100 - 1400 1350 - 1650 1600 - 1900 1850 - 2150 2100 - 2400 2350 - 2650 2600 - 2900 2850 - 3150 3100 - 3400 3350 - 3650 3600 - 3900 3850 - 4150 4100 - 4400 4350 - 4650 4600 - 4900 4850 - 5150 E-middle
8 3
1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 4.2 5.2 6.3 7.5 8.5 (9.5) (11 )
18 4
2.7 3.4 4,0 6,3 8.0 9.5 11 13 14 16 18 19 (21) (22) (24)
Load group
46 5
100 6
9.5 11 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 (64) (68) (72) (76)
200 7
350 8
Type 39 .083 39 .093 39 .103 39 .113 39 .123 39 .133 39 .123 39 .153 39 .173 39 .203 39 .223 39 .253 39 .273 39 .303 39 .323 39 .353 39 .373 39 .403 39 .423 39 .453 39 .473 39 .503 39 .523 39 .553 39 .573 39 .603
550
Weight (kg) 6.4 7.1 8.0 10 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 (25) (27) (29) (31)
375 1.3 475 1.7 575 2.0 750 2.4 825 1000 3.2 1250 4.0 1500 4.9 1750 5.8 2000 (6.6) 2250 (7.5) 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250 4500 4750 5000
18 21 27 33 39 45 51 57 64 70 76 82 89 95 101 107 113 119 (126) 42 46 56 65 75 85 94 104 114 123 133 143 152 162 172 181 191 200
lengths at reduced loads see page 3.40 number in ( ) slenderness ratio 150 200
The type designation has to
be completed in the 3rd digit by the load group.
Adjustment9 0 E-middle range Weight (kg) 875 68 800 - 950 975 72 900 - 1050 175 1075 77 1000 - 1150 183 1175 1100 - 1250 191 1275 1200 - 1350 200 1375 1300 - 1450 1250 87 1100 - 1400 212 1500 100 1350 - 1650 236 1750 114 1600 - 1900 260 2000 128 1850 - 2150 284 2250 142 2100 - 2400 308 2500 156 2350 - 2650 332 2750 169 2600 - 2900 355 3000 183 2850 - 3150 379 3250 241 3100 - 3400 403 3500 259 3350 - 3650 427 3750 277 3600 - 3900 450 4000 295 3850 - 4150 475 4250 313 4100 - 4400 500 4500 331 4350 - 4650 525 4750 349 4600 - 4900 545 5000 368 4850 - 5150 570 5250 385 5100 - 5400 595 5500 (403) 5350 - 5650 620 5750 (420) 5600 - 5900 640 6000 5850 - 6150
Load group
1000
3.39
3
Table of permissible normal loads at normal / excess lengths The adjacent diagram indicates the reduced load values as against nominal load that are to be considered in the event of overlengths.
1000 800 600 500 400 300 200 397..4 390..3 1000 800 600 500 399..3 400 398..4 300 200 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 394..4 10 8 6 5 4 3 392..4 393..4 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 395..4 396..4 100 80 60 50 40 30 20
load (kN)
1 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
length (mm) broken line: slenderness ratio: 150 200
Stock of rigid struts
Angled arrangement of rigid struts
3.40
PIPE WHIP RESTRAINTS
Pipe whip restraints One speciality in the area of dynamic pipe supports is the pipe whip restraint. Alongside the energy absorber type 32, which provides the optimum solution to this problem, a U-bolt design for specially large loads has proven to be highly successful. Pipe whip restraints are exclusively used in the nuclear industry. They dampen and absorb the kinetic energy of bursting pipes in emergency cases. For this purpose, the elongation capacity of the encompassing U-bolts is used, as they are designed to absorb the expected dynamic loads.
Pipe whip restraints have safety-related significance and are subject to the highest demands in quality, design and manufacture. As a large scale supplier to the latest generation of nuclear plants, LISEGA has successfully proven its qualification to supply this specific design.
3.41

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SHOCK ABSORBERS, ENERGY ABSORBERS, RIGID STRUTS

PRODUCT GROUP 3 FIELD OF APPLICATION

Diagram of an operating basis earthquake (O.B.E.)

PRODUCT GROUP 3 MAIN PRODUCTS

PRODUCT GROUP 3 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE

Type 35 Type 33 Type 30

Type 36 Type 39 Type 36

SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31

SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30

conn. lug name plate ball bush piston rod cover

travel indicator sight glass

R 15 20 20 22.5 22.5 30 30 45 45 60 60 75 75 105 105 145 145

SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 31

Emin = piston rod retracted

L max at 80C Design of travel indicator for travel range 8

INSTALLATION EXTENSIONS TYPE 33

min. thread engagement

extension tube countering ring lug with ball bushing

Order details: Installation extension type 33 .. .. L= mm for hydr. shock absorber

670 70 895 70 770 100 995 100

D max 25 30 30 35 35 48 48 64 64 83 83 90 100 90 100 115 115 160 160

WELD-ON BRACKETS TYPE 35

Nom. load (kN) 3 4 8 18 46 100 200 350 550 1000 2000

A 25 25 30 35 54 90 110 150 180 390 520

B 32 32 37 43 54 79 100 130 230 310 320

E 30 30 34 40 50 75 90 115 155 212 245

F 9.5 9.5 10.5 12.5 16.5 22.5 35.5 45 50 72 87

L 42 42 46 52 65 95 115 160 220 305 320

Order details: Weld-on bracket, type 35 .. ..

Fit: bore H7, pin f8.

Flange for connecting to existing extension

Special lugs with length adjustment

SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31 OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE

travel range 3 (stroke 300) 8mm

0.015FN or 300N at FN 20kN

Measured at a constant piston speed of appr. 0.3 mm/s. Breakaway

If required, Sa can be increased to 0.5 mm by conforming to other

rigidity stroke = 300mm

-FN -Femergency -Ffaulted

Force travel diagram

Force and travel amplitudes

Actual performance in relation to normal load and travel range

SHOCK ABSORBERS, TYPE 30, 31 PERMISSIBLE STRESS FACTORS

Ambient pressure short term

Testing shock absorbers, type 31 Test load 4500kN

SHOCK ABSORBERS MODE OF OPERATION

SHOCK ABSORBERS DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

SHOCK ABSORBERS FUNCTION TESTS

Acceptance certificate with test diagrams

SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

piston rod cover weld-on bracket name plate conn. lug

sight glass travel indicator

conn. lug ball bushing

name plate fluid level indicator removable valves

SHOCK ABSORBERS MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS

Examples of shock absorber installation in nuclear plants

DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS TYPE 36, 37

Fig. 6 Lug dimensions

friction tube = 0.1...0.4 (friction value)

Force distribution in a dynamic pipe clamp with shear lug connection

N = Catalog dimension F less 1mm

450C 500C 510C 530C 560C