MODEL 1: FFA< 2%

Alcoholysis
TG X   DGNaEster−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−eq1 k1f   k1r

DGNaMethanol  DG x−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− eq 2 k2f   k2r

DG X   MGNaEster−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−eq 3 k3f   k3r

MGNaMethanol   MG X −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−eq 4 k4f   k4r

MG X  GlyNa Ester−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− eq 5 k5f   k5r

GlyNaMethanol =Glycerol Ester−−−−−−−−−−−−− eq 6 k6f   k6r

Saponification
EsterOH  Methanol Salt of Fatty acid −−−−−−−−−−eq 7 k7

TGOH  DGSalt of Fatty acid−−−−−−−−−−−−−eq 8 k8

DGOH  MGSalt of Fatty acid −−−−−−−−−−−−−eq 9 k9

MGOH GSalt of Fatty acid −−−−−−−−−−−−−eq 10 k10

kif = forward reaction rate constant kir =reverse reaction rate constant

Assumption:
formation of MG, DG &Glycerol is much faster than MGNa, DGNa, GlyNa and much faster
than irreversible saponification.

k2f , k2r ≫k1f , k1r , k4f , k4r ≫ k3f , k3r , k6f , k6r ≫k5f , k5r , k2 , k4 , k6 k7 , k8 , k9 , k10 --eq 11

dTG
=−k1f ∗TG∗X k1r∗DG∗Ester−k8∗TG∗OH --------eq 12
dt

dDGNa k2r∗DG
= ∗X -------eq 13
dt  k2∗Methanol 

dMGNa k4r∗MG∗X
= --------eq 14
dt  k4f ∗M 

dGlyNa k6r∗Gly∗X
= -------------eq 15
dt  K6f ∗Methanol 
Normalising the whole equation with the concentration of the alcohol

dTG 1 ----------eq 16
=−k1f ∗TG∗X ∗methanol  ∗DG∗Ester∗X −k8∗TG∗OH
dt K1

dDG =−k3f −k2r ∗DG∗ X ∗Methanol k3r ∗MG∗Ester− k2f ∗MG∗methanol∗ X −k9∗DGk8∗TG∗OH ∗methanol
dt K4 K2
------------eq 17

dMG k5r K4f

=−k5f −k4r∗MG∗X ∗methanol ∗Gly∗Ester ∗MG∗methanol∗X k10∗MG−k9∗DG∗OH ∗methanol
dt K6 K4
--------------------eq 18

dG
=−K2−k3∗DG−k4r−k5f ∗MGk6r∗Gly∗X ∗methanol ---------------eq 19
dt

dM dE k3r k5f k6f

= =k2r∗DG∗methanol k4r∗MG∗methanol ∗MG∗Ester ∗Gly∗Ester ∗Gly∗methanol
dt dt K4 K6 K6
---------------------eq 20

dOH dA
= =−k7∗Esterk8∗TGk9∗DG k10MG∗OH ∗methanol ------------------eq 21
dt dt

NB:
this is the first part of the model.

The second part will involve Eq 16-21 to be solved analytically and the initial values of the
reactants will be used to plot the reaction concentration over a period, t.

Literature values of the various reaction rate constants, k will be used.

GEPASI and Berkeley Madonna software for Chemical Kinetics will be used to simulate the
reaction trend.

This trend observed from this simulation of will be compared with the result from literature
results of Komers 2002, Noureddiini and Zhu, 1997 and Devender et al 2005.