Creighton University Interdisciplinary Ed.D.

in Leadership Program Dissertation Format Requirements APA 6th edition format

A. CREIGHTON UNIVERSITY FORMAT The Interdisciplinary Ed.D. in Leadership program requires the use of the American th Psychological Association (APA) 6 edition style manual format requirements. Doctoral candidates must adhere precisely to the manuals specifications. Certain format requirements are not outlined by the APA and therefore are determined by the Program. Where there is a conflict between the APA and the Ed.D. formatting requirements, the Ed.D. formatting requirments supersede the APAs. Format requirements specific to the Ed.D. program are laid out in this manual. The Committee Chair must approve any th variance from this manual. All students are advised to purchase the 6 edition of the APA Manual. B. ARRANGEMENT AND PAGINATION The order of the dissertation pages are listed below. Be sure to arrange all pages in the correct order before beginning pagination. Some pages are counted but not numbered so pay careful attention to each pages designation. Preliminary pages use lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv, etc.). Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.) begin with the text of the first chapter of the dissertation. Preliminary Pages a) A blank page (not counted for numbering) b) A signature page c) Title page (First counted page, number not printed) d) A blank page OR copyright page (number not printed) e) Abstract f) Dedication (optional) g) Acknowledgements (optional) h) Permissions to quote from unpublished materials i) Table of contents j) List of tables k) List of figures Text a) Chapters (begin Arabic numerals) b) References (continue with Arabic numerals) c) Tables (start each on a separate page) d) Figures (start each on a separate page; include caption on page with figure) e) Appendices (in the order in which they are mentioned in the text; start each on a separate page) **Note: The Creighton Thesis/Dissertation guidelines mention Endnotes and a Glossary as part of the dissertation back matter. Do not include these sections as they are not required for the dissertation format.

Running Head The running head is an abbreviated title that is printed at the top of the pages of your dissertation as an easy way to identify the article. The running head should be no more than 50 characters, counting letters, punctuation, and spaces between words. It should appear flush left in all uppercase letters at the top of the title page and all subsequent pages. Placement of Page Numbers Page numbers are placed in the upper right-hand corner within the header (flush with the right margin). Page numbers should be consistent throughout the document.

C. PRELIMINARY PAGES: FORMAT AND CONSIDERATIONS Committee Signatures Page (Required) This page contains the name of the doctoral candidate and original signatures of all committee members as well as the Dean of the Graduate School. Committee member names and credentials are typed on the form. The date space on the form is to be completed on the date of successful defense of the dissertation by the Committee Chair. Title Page (Required) Include the following information on the title page: Title of the dissertation, centered in all capital letters in the top of the page Authors formal name. Do not include degrees earned or any other credential or title Two specific statements as outlined on the Title Page Template: o A DISSERTATION (Centered, all caps) o Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Creighton University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Interdisciplinary Leadership (Upper and lower case) The city and state of the institution (Omaha, NE) The date of your defense (Month, day, and year) For format and placement of content of the Title Page, refer to the sample dissertation title page template. Copyright Page (optional) Copyrighting the dissertation is the option of the student. Copyrighting protects the dissertation from unauthorized copying. Any student who wishes copyright should prepare a Copyright page, which follows the Title Page. There is a fee to have the dissertation copyrighted. Abstract (Required) The abstract is a summary section of no less or more than 250-400 words (note: this is different than APAs requirement for publication). Every word in the abstract is counted as one word. All numbers in the abstract should be written as numerals unless they begin a sentence. The first sentence of the paragraph is not indented (flush left). The title of the abstract and supporting information contained on the abstract page are not included in the 350-word count. The heading (ABSTRACT) should be centered in all capital letters.

Dedication Page (Optional) If included, text may be single- or double- spaced. The heading, DEDICATION, appears centered in all capital letters. It is important to keep your dedication page professional and brief. Acknowledgements Page (Optional) This page provides an opportunity to thank those who have been of assistance in completing your doctoral work. Commonly, committee members, colleagues, mentors, family members, institutions, or individuals that supported the research are acknowledged. The heading, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, appears centered, in all capital letters. Text should be double-spaced. Permissions Page (if necessary) Generally, permissions documents you used to seek the use of someone elses work will go in the Appendix. Use this front section only if your Chair indicates some matter needs to be in the early part of your dissertation. Otherwise, skip. Table of Contents The table of contents should include a listing of all preliminary pages which follow it, chapter headings, and concluding materials. There are essentially two columns within the table of contents: one for the heading and the other for the page designation. The heading column text should be connected to the page designation by periods, one space apart. Page numbers are always right-justified. The heading of this page should be written as TABLE OF CONTENTS. It should be centered in all capital letters. Wording of the headings within the Table of Contents should match exactly the wording used in the dissertation. The following division ABSTRACT, DEDICATION, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, PERMISSIONS, LIST OF TABLES, GRAPHS, AND CHARTS, LIST OF FIGURES, REFERENCES, APPENDIX should be in upper case in the Table of Contents as well as in the text. The levels of subheadings included in the table of contents must be consistent throughout the dissertation. There must be a minimum of 2 levels of headings in your Table of Contents, but more levels of heading are not required, even if the chapters include more than two levels. Chapter numbers in the Table of Contents should be formatted identically to those in the text. Chapter numbers may be Arabic, upper case roman numerals, or spelled-out numbers (e.g. Chapter 3, Chapter III, or Chapter Three). Chapter headings should be in all capital letters and centered at the top of the first page of the chapter. Double-spacing is utilized between items in the table of contents. Include only Level 1 and 2 headings in your Table of Contents. No levels within the table of contents should be bold, underlined, or italicized. List of Tables and/or List of Figures and/or List of Illustrations (if applicable) This page is required if you used tables or figures within your dissertation. If both tables and figures are utilized, two separate lists, each starting on a new page are required. The table/figure numbers (followed by a period or colon) are placed in a column flush left under the heading TABLE or FIGURE.

The table heading or figure caption should be indented following the table or figure number and should agree exactly with the wording of the headings and captions as they appear in the manuscript. Tables and figures in appendices must be listed in the list of tables and list of figures. The key words in the table headings are capitalized and run over lines are further indented. Figure headings are upper and lower case and run over lines are further indented. Connect the heading with period leaders to a column flush right which will contain the page number where the table or figure is located. Double-space this entire page.

D. LEVELS OF HEADINGS AND SUBHEADINGS Dissertations are divided into chapters which are numbered and given a chapter title. Within each chapter, divisions and subsections are designated with different levels of headings. APA has specific format requirements for the presentation of headings and subheadings. It is a five-level system with rules for upper/lower case, bold, italics, and placement variations. Levels are numbered consecutively (1-5) and can be found in the APA manual on pp. 62-63. Level 0 is a Creighton addition that allows a heading to be incorporated into each chapter without disrupting the APA heading format. APA Levels in Table of Contents Be sure to use indentation consistently to denote different levels of headings in the Table of Contents. Grouping of headings is based on the number of levels within your particular document, not the APA levels of headings. There must be a minimum of 2 levels of headings in the Table of Contents. Example: Page Chapter X (does not count as an APA heading Level 0) 1st grouping/level of headings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x 2nd grouping/level of headings in your document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x 3rd grouping/level of headings in your document (if you include). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x 4th grouping/level of headings in your document (if you include) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x 5th grouping/level of headings in your document (if you include). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x APA Levels Within Text Chapter Titles and Headings Not Incorporated within the Text all caps, centered (Level 0) Centered, Bold, Upper- and Lowercase Heading - Level 1 Flush Left, Bold, Upper- and Lowercase Heading - Level 2 Indented, bold, lowercase heading with period. Text begins here.* - Level 3 Indented, bold Italicized, lowercase paragraph heading with period. - Level 4 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with period. - Level 5 *For levels 2, 3, and 4 all text begins immediately after heading.

Example: CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem (Level 1) Quality issues in public child care centers. Begin text here (Level 2) Education of child care teachers. (Level 3) College requirements for special education child care teachers. (Level 4)

E. TEXT Typeface and Font Font should be 12-point Times New Roman. Tables and figures may use a smaller point size, but no smaller than 8 point. Font size should not exceed 12 point.. Printing should be on one side of the paper only. All copies should be free of dark lines, smudges, and shadows. Bold-faced font is only allowed in headings and Appendices. No underlining should be used within the dissertation. The only exception for underlining is made for appendices. Italics can be used for the reference page, table titles, and figures captions. See pp. 104-106 th in the APA Manual (6 ed) for specific italicizing rules. Spacing The dissertation is double-spaced between all lines within the chapters. Single-spacing can be used for table titles, notes, figure captions, footnotes, and long quotations. References must be double-spaced. White Space White space within the manuscript should be avoided. Tables and figures should be incorporated as close to the text as possible. Color Do not use color within your dissertation for charts, graphs, or any other item. Your dissertation should be in black and white. Use grey-scale instead of color when designing graphs and charts. Commas in a Series When listing three or more things, use a comma to separate each item, including prior to the conjunction. Ex: I enjoy boating, sailing, and skiing. NOT: I enjoy boating, sailing and skiing.

Orphans and Widows Avoid orphans (first line of a paragraph ending a page) and widows (a short line ending a paragraph at the top of a page) throughout your dissertation. Block Quotes A quotation of 40 or more words should be placed in a freestanding block quote without quotation marks. Block quotes should be double-spaced and indented inch from the margin. If there are additional paragraphs within the block quote indent an additional inch. th See APA 6 ed, p. 171. Seriation Seriation is basically when you want to write a list or a number of items in an orderly fashion. There are several ways to do this: If you wish to create a list within a paragraph or sentence, use lower case letters within parentheses. Example: There are three reasons to finish my dissertation (a) to earn a promotion, (b) to gain respect, (c) to go on vacation. When you are listing items in order of rank or significance, use numbers. ( see the example on the bottom of page 63 and top of page 64 in the APA manual) . When doing this, you will write the number as a numeral followed by a period. Bullet lists are also appropriate for creating lists. Use bulleted lists for items that are not ordered by chronology, importance, or priority. Punctuation rules for lists are found on p. 64 of the APA manual.

Abbreviations Use abbreviations sparingly so as not to confuse the reader. Abbreviations introduced on the first mention of a term and used fewer than three times throughout your paper may be difficult to remember. When you plan to use an abbreviation, write out the entire term and then place the abbreviation for the term in parentheses immediately after the written-out term. See pp. 106-111 in the APA Manual for more information on Abbreviations Numbers *Use numerals to express numbers 10 and above *Use numbers within the abstract of your paper or in a graphical display within the paper *Use numbers when preceding a unit of measurement *Use numbers for fractional or decimal quantities, rations, percentiles, etc. *Use numbers that represent time, dates, ages, scores, points on a scale, exact sums of money, *Use numbers to indicate a specific place (page 3, Table 5) *Do not use superscript when writing numbers See pp. 111-113 in the APA Manual for more information on Numbers Tense It is important to utilize the appropriate tense when writing your proposal and dissertation. In general, the proposal is just that a proposal of what will be studied. For your proposal (Ch 1 and 3) will be written in the future tense (Ex: The purpose of this study is to examine). Ch 2 is a review of literature that has been published and therefore,

should discuss resources in the past tense. (Ex: The researchers studied childrens diets and NOT The researchers are studying childrens diets.) The dissertation, however, is a report of a completed study. Therefore, Ch 1-4 should be written in past tense (Ex: The purpose of this study was to examine). Chapter 5 may utilize present tense and possibly future tense as necessary. Agreement of Subject and Verb It is important that the subject of your sentence agrees with the verb. This writing skill can be studied more by visiting this website: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Quotations Direct quotations should be used sparingly and should generally not exceed 10% of the chapter content in which they appear. All direct quotes must be introduced and provided a context fore they are added and must be subsequently discussed in the context of the topic. Direct quotes should not begin or end a paragraph. Quotations of more than 40 words need to be blocked, indented, and double-spaced. The reference and specific page number are enclosed in parentheses after the period that ends the quotation. Statistics/Mathematical Symbols The APA Manual (pp. 119-124) lays out common statistical/mathematical symbols that must be appropriately written. Italicize all statistical symbols. When stating percentages, use the % symbol after the numeral. For statistical/mathematical copy, the following information must be supplied: State the alpha level used for statistical tests When reporting means, always include an associated measure of variability, such as standard deviations, variances, or mean square errors Report correlations, proportions, and inferential statistics (F, t, and chi square) to two decimal places, and percentages in whole numbers F. MARGINS Margins should be 1.5 on the left side and 1 on all other sides (Note: This is different from the APA rule and is a requirement by Creighton to ease publication into book form). Right margins should not be justified and hyphenated words should be avoided. All materials in the appendices, tables, and figures must fit within this margin requirement. If the item does not fit within the margin, reduce the item in size and then copy it so that all printed content fits within the designated margins.

G. CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING TABLES AND FIGURES Tables usually present quantitative data, but are sometimes used to organized qualitative data.

Any type of illustration other than a table is considered a figure. Each figure must fit onto one page. A figure may be placed on the page in Landscape mode if necessary, but should be avoided if at all possible. Tables do not have vertical lines. Table headings should be italicized with major words capitalized. Do not use abbreviations within a table heading. Table notes are the smaller, italicized below the body of the table. Table notes are governed by APA pp. 138-139. When referring to a table of figure within the text, do not write the table above or see below because your pagination may be disrupted. Instead, refer to tables and figures by their numbers (Ex: See Table 8). Tables and Figures require great care in spacing, placement of titles and captions, and with respect to the text. All tables and figures must be accurate and easy to read. All tables and figures which are designed to augment the written presentation are located within the text (NOTE: this is a variation to APA style and must be approved by your Committee Chair). When applicable, Tables and Figures must be incorporated as close to the text as possible to avoid unnecessary white space. Tables, and well as Figures, are numbered with Arabic consecutive numbers from the beginning of the dissertation. The first table within the manuscript is Table 1 and subsequent tables are numbered in order. The first figure is labeled as Figure 1 and so on. Occasionally, tables or figures are located in the Appendix. Tables located in Appendix B should be labeled as Table B1, B2, etc. See APA pp. 39 and 127 for more details. Appendices are labeled with capital letters. A List of Tables and List of Figures are prepared and included in the final dissertation as part of the preliminary pages. Please see the section on Preliminary Pages: Format and Considerations for format requirements. APA has specific information regarding Figures and Tables: Tables: pp. 125-150 Table notes: p. 138 Figures: 150-167 If tables are more than one page long, type (continued) in the bottom right-hand corner of the table and repeat the column heads on the subsequent pages of the table. See APA manual p. 131 for more information. Considerations for Dissertation Format Tables may be placed within the body of the manuscript or after the References in the Appendices. THE DECISION ABOUT WHERE TO PLACE TABLES AND FIGURES IS UP TO YOUR COMMITTEE CHAIR, SO CONSULT WITH HIM/HER PRIOR TO PLACING YOUR TABLES IN YOUR DISSERTATION. If you created the table or chart, you may include it within the text of your dissertation if it illustrates the text. Be cautious about using tables or figures other than your own as you may have copyright issues to deal with use these types of work sparingly and only when necessary. If your Chair prefers tables placed within the dissertation text itself, you will essentially insert the table immediately after it is mentioned in the text. See APA pp. 128-130 for

guidance on placing tables within a paper. See pp. 150-167 for placing figures within a paper. If your Chair prefers tables placed after the text of the dissertation, places these items in the appropriate section after the References. H. RESOURCES CITATION Citing references is a critical point in your dissertation. It is imperative that a reader can find the resources you cite within your paper and a proper citation is the guide to do just that. In addition to the basic rules of citation formation, please remember: Any reference cited within the dissertation must appear on the References list and vice-versa any item on the References list must appear as an in-text citation within the paper. Only items quoted or paraphrased are included on the reference list. You will probably consult more resources than you list on your References list. This is normal. APA requires the Reference list contain only items specifically cited within the paper. Resources you used for background information, intellectual development, and knowledge building are not included on the References list.

I.

COPYRIGHTED MATERIALS It is important that you adhere to copyright law at all times. Most published works are copyrighted to some extent, including pictures, screen shots, internet documents, and printed materials. Screen shots or copies of web pages must have copyright permission from the website owner. Because a dissertation is eventually published, the author must indicate permission has been granted by the website owner to use material from the website. The same rules for reproduced figures and tables applies to Internet and electronic documents. Figures and Tables from Copyrighted Printed Materials th See p. 38 in the APA Manual (6 ed) for information on how to word copyright permissions on tables and figures. Additional Reproduced Materials If you are including reproduced materials form an organizations handbook, catalog, etc. beyond what is appropriate for a blocked quote, you must indicate copyright permission from the organization. For example, if you have included your colleges mission statement word-for-word within the appendix, you must indicate at the bottom that you have obtained permission from the college to reproduce the material. This is different than citing a source that is quoted within the text of the manuscript.

J. CONCLUDING PAGES Reference List The Reference list is double-spaced in its entirety. Double-space within and between each reference and throughout the entire reference list. The dissertation must have a list of References as well as Appendices.

The Reference list starts on a separate page following the last page of the last chapter. The word REFERENCES should appear in uppercase, centered, at the top of the page. Appendices appear after the References page. The entire reference list is double-spaced with a hanging indentation for each line after the first line of each reference entry. Appendices Each Appendix begins on a separate page. If tables/figures are included in appendices, precede each appendix table or figure number with the corresponding appendix letter (e.g. Table A1, Figure B1, etc.). Tables/figures in appendices must be listed in the List of Tables/List of Figures. If there is only one Appendix, do not use an identifying letter. Where necessary, reduce a page so that it fits completely without violating margins. Page numbers are needed and should be placed in the location utilized throughout the rest of the manuscript. All personal and identifying information (i.e. phone numbers, addresses, emails) should not be included in any of the appendices without approval.

Sources and other institutional materials used in the creation of this manual: American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC. Paiz, C., Berry, C., and Brizee, A. (2012). Making subjects and verbs agree. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/599/01/ Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology Dissertation Format Requirements Manual. (2010). Malibu, CA. Purdue OWL website (http://www.purdueowl.com).

[Title Page]

TITLE OF THESIS/DISSERTATION CENTERED, ALL CAPS

___________________________________ By STUDENT NAME (no credentials, degrees, or other titles) ___________________________________

A (THESIS/DISSERTATION)

Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Creighton University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the Department of Interdisciplinary Leadership. _________________________________ Omaha, NE (month, day, and year)

[Sample Signature Page]

DISSERTATION APPROVED BY

_________________________ Date

____________________________________ [Committee Chair Name], Ph.D., Chair ____________________________________ [Committee Member Name], Ph.D. ____________________________________ [Committee Member Name], Ph.D. ____________________________________ [Committee Member Name], Ph.D. ____________________________________ [Committee Member Name], Ph.D.

____________________________________ Gail M. Jensen, Ph.D., Dean

ABSTRACT The abstract is a summary section of no less or more than 250-400 words (note: this is different than APAs requirement for publication). Every word in the abstract is counted as one word. All numbers in the abstract should be written as numerals unless they begin a sentence. The first sentence of the paragraph is not indented (flush left). The title of the abstract and supporting information contained on the abstract page are not included in the 240-400-word count. The heading (ABSTRACT) should be centered in all capital letters. The abstract should be double-spaced.

[Sample Copyright Page]

Copyright 2013, Justin L. Timberlake This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no part of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. When child care expenditures outweigh health benefits2 Figure 2. Rates of new business openings in the metro area14

TABLE OF CONTENTS (a primer on how to get the periods lined up) Setting tabs with leaders in front of them: Under the View tab, click on Ruler if you cannot already view the ruler. In the small square in the upper-left corner of the main screen you will see a small box with an L inside of it. The L designates a Left tab. Clicking on the box will toggle between other tab option (Center, Right, Decimal, etc.). Set as many left tabs as you need. For instance if you have multiple levels of headings/information, you may need 2 or 3 tabs at each half-inch mark. With the L showing in the small box, use your mouse to click on the ruler bar at the places where you want to create a tab. If you look at the ruler bar above, you can see I have created left tabs at inch and 1 inch. When you have finished setting your left tabs, click in the small box in the upper-left corner twice (until you see the backwards L). This will be a right tab. Again, using your mouse, click on the ruler bar close to the right-hand margin of your page. You will probably have to click just to the left of the triangle that designates the right-hand margin. Once you can see the tab marker, you can click and drag it directly in line with the right margin. Next, click on Page Layout and click on the arrow that opens more options for formatting your Paragraph. In the pop-up box, you will see a button called Tabs in the bottom left-hand corner. Click that. The next screen will show you the positions for all the tab stops you have created (in my case, 0.5, 1, and 6.5). Click on the tab stop position for which you want the leader (6.5) and then click on Option 2 under Leader, which is the . EXAMPLE ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Sub-heading ................................................................................................................................ 2 If you set the tab stops up before you start creating the Table of Contents, your formatting should stay in place. If you have already created your Table of Contents and want to apply the formatting after the fact, highlight and select the entire Table of Contents, and then follow the steps above while you have all of the contents highlighted. If you get stuck and need assistance, you can contact LuAnn at lschwery@creighton.edu or 402-280-2772.