10/10/13

Buchholz Relay in transformer | Buchholz Relay operation and principle | Electrical Engineering

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Buchholz Relay in transformer | Buchholz Relay operation and principle

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What is Buchholz Relay ?

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Construction Buchholz Relay

Buchholz transform er container Relay is an housed

of
in oil the

connecting pipe from main tank to conservator tank. It has mainly tw o elements. The upper element consists of a float. The float is attached to a hinge in such a w ay that it can move up and dow n depending upon the oil level One in the Buchholz Container. Relay mercury

sw itch is fixed on the float. The alignment of mercury sw itch hence depends upon the position of the float. The low er element consists of a baffle plate and
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Buchholz Relay in transformer | Buchholz Relay operation and principle | Electrical Engineering

Knee Point V oltage of Current Transformer Earthing or Grounding Transformer External & Internal Faults in Transformer Backup Protection of Transformer Differential Protection of Transformer Restricted Earth Fault Protection Buchholz Relay in Transformer More.........

mercury sw itch. This plate is fitted on a hinge just in front of the inlet (main tank side ) of Buchholz Relay in transform er in such a w ay that w hen oil enters in the relay from that inlet in high pressure the alignment of the baffle plate along w ith the mercury sw itch attached to it, w ill change.

In addition to these main elements a Buchholz Relay has gas release pockets on top. The electrical leads from both mercury sw itches are taken out through a molded terminal block.

Buchholz Relay principle

The Buchholz Relay working principle of is very simple. Buchholz Relay function is based on very simple mechanical phenomenon. It is mechanically actuated. Whenever there w ill be a minor internal fault in the transformer such as an insulation faults betw een turns, break dow n of core of transformer, core heating, the transformer insulating oil w ill be decomposed in different hydrocarbon gases, CO2 and CO. The gases produced due to decomposition of transformer insulating oil w ill accumulate in the upper part the Buchholz Container w hich causes fall of oil level in it. Fall of oil level means low ering the position of float and thereby tilting the mercury sw itch. The contacts of this mercury sw itch are closed and an alarm circuit energized. Sometime due to oil leakage on the main tank air bubbles may be accumulated in the upper part the Buchholz Container w hich may also cause fall of
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10/10/13

Buchholz Relay in transformer | Buchholz Relay operation and principle | Electrical Engineering

oil level in it and alarm circuit w ill be energized. By collecting the accumulated gases from the gas release pockets on the top of the relay and by analyzing them one can predict the type of fault in the transformer. More severe types of faults, such as short circuit betw een phases or to earth and faults in the tap changing equipment, are accompanied by a surge of oil w hich strikes the baffle plate and causes the mercury sw itch of the low er element to close. This sw itch energized the trip circuit of the Circuit Breakers associated w ith the transformer and immediately isolate the faulty transformer from the rest of the electrical pow er system by inter tripping the Circuit Breakers associated w ith both LV and HV sides of the transformer. This is how Buchholz Relay function s.

Buchholz Relay Operation Certain Precaution

The Buchholz Relay operation may be actuated w ithout any fault in the transformer. For instance, w hen oil is added to a transformer, air may get in together w ith oil, accumulated under the relay cover and thus cause a false Buchholz Relay operation .

That is w hy mechanical lock is provided in that relay so that one can lock the movement of mercury sw itches w hen oil is topping up in the transformer. This mechanical locking also helps to prevent unnecessary movement of breakable glass bulb of mercury sw itches during transportation of the Buchholz Relays. The low er float may also falsely operate if the oil velocity in the connection pipe through, not due to internal fault, is sufficient to trip over the float. This can occurs in the event of external short circuit w hen over currents flow ing through the w inding cause overheated the copper and the oil and cause the oil to expand.

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Buchholz Relay in transformer | Buchholz Relay operation and principle | Electrical Engineering

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