Columns in Simple Construction

(NCCI: Determination of moments on columns in simple construction & NCCI: Verification of columns in simple construction)

ColumnsinSimpleConstruction
Connections are assumed not to develop significant moments adversely affecting either the members or the structure as a whole. The beams may be designed as simply supported. The columns are designed to carry axial loads as well as nominal moments from the reaction shear of the beam, applied at the appropriate eccentricity. Columns must be fully continuous. It is assumed that sidesway due to horizontal loading is prevented by inserting bracing or by utilising shear walls, lift or staircase closures, acting together with shear resistance of the floor slab.

JointsinSimpleConstruction
100 mm

SimpleConstruction

SimpleBracedFrame

SimpleConstruction
Connections are assumed not to develop significant moments adversely affecting either the members or the structure as a whole. The beams to be designed as simply supported. The columns are designed to carry axial loads as well as nominal moments from the reaction shear of the beam, applied at the appropriate eccentricity. Columns must be fully continuous. It is assumed that sidesway due to horizontal loading is prevented by inserting bracing or by utilising shear walls, lift or staircase closures, acting together with shear resistance of the floor slab.
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Noneedtoconsiderpatternloadingas shownbelow

EccentricityofLoading
Beam connected to Column Flange Beam connected to Column Web

100 mm

100 mm

h/2 h

tw/2 tw

R
8

Moment = R x (h/2 + 100 mm) h is the depth of the column

Moment = R x (tw/2 + 100 mm) tw is the thickness of the column web

My=R2(h/2+100) Mz=R1(tw /2+100) R3(tw /2+100)

R1 R2 R3
z

h=depthofcolumn tw =webthickness

ColumnMoments
The applied moment is divided between the column lengths above and below in proportion to the column stiffness (EI/L).
eg. Moment M3 is divided into M3-4 and M3-2 in proportion to (EI)34/l34 and (EI)23/l23 respectively.
M4-5 M4-3 M3-4 M3-2 M2-3 M2-1

l45

M4
l34

M3
l23

If the stiffness ratio 1.5, the moment may be divided equally. The moments have no effect at levels above and below.
eg. Moment M3 is distributed to M3-4 and M3-2 only and will have no effect on M4-3 and M2-3.

M2
l12

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Simpleconstruction
Ingeneral,bothEqs.6.61and6.62mustbe examinedandsatisfied: Eq.6.61
flexural buckling about MAJOR axis

Eq.6.62
with flexural buckling about MINOR axis

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NCCISimplification
Forcolumnsinsimpleconstruction,thefirstterm(i.e.the axialload)ofbothexpressions(Eq.6.61and6.62) dominates. ForUCsections,Iy >Iz (usuallyaround3timesgreater),so Nb,y,Rd >Nb,z,Rd (greaterdifferenceforhigherslenderness). Forpracticalcolumnin astoreywithnointermediatelateral restraint,Eq.6.62willalwaysgovern.
Eq.6.62

with flexural buckling about MINOR axis

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NCCISimplification
Giventhatthemomentcomponentsaresmallfor simpleconstruction,theinteractionfactorscanbe conservativelysimplifiedwithoutanysignificantoverall lossofefficiency,resultingin kzy =1.0andkzz =1.5
BucklingCheckforColumnsinSimpleConstruction

Cross-section capacity check is not necessary

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DesignProcedure
Calculate beam reactions. Calculate factored axial load (include self-weight) within length of column. Calculate applied moment from the beams, taking eccentricity into account. Divide moment between column lengths in proportion to their stiffness (EI/L). Perform Buckling Check:
kvaluessimplifyto kzy =1,0;kzz =1,5

Noteontheuseofsimplifiedequation: 1 Normally,buckinglengthshouldbebasedonstorey height 2 Avoidclass4section

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Examples

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Example BC-3: UC in simple construction The figure on the right shows a multistorey simple structure. You are required to check the adequacy of the column between levels 1 and 2 using UC 203x203x46 in S275 steel.

Level 3

3000

FC2

Level 2

R1 R2 R3

5000 Factored Loads

(self weight is already included)

Level 1

FC2 = R1 = R2 = R3 =

410kN 40kN 160kN 30kN

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Axial Loads
Maximum axial load at the level 1 which includes self weight of column SW = 1.35*5*46.1*9.81 = 3kN FC1 = FC2+R1+R2+R3+SW = 410+40+160+30+3 = 643kN

R1
z z

R2

Moments at Level 2

R3
y

Distribution of Moments to the Columns at Level 2

Stiffness of column between level 1 and 2 = EI/5 Stiffness of column between level 2 and 3 = EI/3 Ratio of stiffness = 5/3 = 1.67 > 1.5 Distribute moments in proportion to their stiffness

20.0kNm 12.3kNm 32.3kNm

Note: the shorter (larger 1/L), stiffer (larger EI) member takes greater moments.
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Yield Strength
tw = 7.2mm, tf = 11mm < 16mm fy = 275N/mm2

Flange is Class 1 We conservatively assume the critical case of web in compression. cw/tw = 22.3 < 33 = 30.5 Web is Class 1

Section Classification = (235/fy)0.5 = 0.924 cf /tf = 8.00 < 9 = 8.32

Section is Class 1

Flexural Buckling about z-z axis

Use buckling curve c = 0.49

Buckling curve Imperfection factor

a0

b 0.34

0.13 0.21

0.49 0.76

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Lateral Torsional Buckling

Use buckling curve a LT = 0.21
Cross-section Rolled I-sections Buckling curve Imperfection factor LT Limits h/b 2 h/b > 2 a 0.21 b 0.34 c 0.49 Buckling curve a b d 0.76

My,21=12.3kNm

My,12=0kNm
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Moment Resistance about z-z axis

Buckling Check for Columns in Simple Construction

Ned My,Ed Mz,Ed Nb,z,Rd Mb,Rd Mz,Rd (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) 643 12.3 0.4 762 121 63.5 The column is SAFE.

Only ONE interaction equation to check for columns in simple design. The cross-section capacity and buckling checks have been combined into one conservative equation.

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Buckling Check for Columns in Simple Construction using design table

UC 203x203x46 in S275 steel L = 5m Page C-167 Ned My,Ed Mz,Ed Nb,z,Rd Mb,Rd Mz,Rd (kN) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) 643 12.3 0.4 762 136 63.5 Page C-167 Page C-78 PageC78 C1=1.88Mb,Rd =136 .

The column is SAFE.

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Designofbracingframe
Simpleframecannotresisthorizontalloads Bracingsystemwillresistallthelateralloads
W+EHF W+EHF W+EHF W+EHF

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BracedCoretoprovidelateralstability

UE SQUARE
18 Storey office building Steel weight = 1800 tons Castellated beams Composite slab

CUPPAGE CENTRE (STARHUB CENTRE) Completed in 1998 Rebuilt 10-Storey building Steel weight = 3000 tons Composite beam Encased composite column Composite slab Simple construction Core wall with addition steel braces for lateral stability

CuppageCentre

Simple connection

Floor Diaphragm