A Project Report on Function Generator

Using Microcontroller & DAC

Prepared By Mihir Bhavsar Ronak Amin Gaurav Bihola

In the project on Function Generator the Concept we had used is by making the function Generator using main components as Microcontroller (89c51) & Digital to Analog Converter (0808). Using this we can generate square wave, triangular wave, sine wave using different programming for each waveform in the microcontroller. And can differentiate then with the use of Interrupts. Block Diagram & Description The Side shows the Block Diagram of Our Project. The Digital Data stream of microcontroller Output is applied to the D-latch (74ls373). This gives the equal delay to the each digital data. Now output of the latch is again in the form of Digital which is applied to the DAC (0808) that converts that digital data in to the analog current form. Now this current Output data is converted in to the voltage by the use of Op-amp (kf 347). So at the output of the Op-amp we get different waves. Now the thing remain in the project is to program the microcontroller for generating different waveforms.

Project Report on Function Generator Using Microcontroller & 0808 DAC

89C51

80C51 8-bit microcontroller family

The 89C51/89C52/89C54/89C58 contains a non-volatile FLASH program memory that is parallel programmable. 89c51 has the same instruction set as the 80C51. FEATURES 80C51 Central Processing Unit On-chip FLASH Program Memory Speed up to 33 MHz Fully static operation RAM expandable externally up to 64 kbytes 4 interrupt priority levels 6 interrupt sources Four 8-bit I/O ports Full-duplex enhanced UART Framing error detection Automatic address recognition Three 16-bit timers/counters T0, T1 (standard 80C51) and additional T2 (capture and compare) Programmable clock out

 Second DPTR register Asynchronous port reset Low EMI (inhibit ALE) Wake up from power down by an external interrupt RESET A reset is accomplished by holding the RST pin high for at least two machine cycles (24 oscillator periods), while the oscillator is running. To insure a good power-on reset, the RST pin must be high long enough to allow the oscillator time to start up (normally a few milliseconds) plus two machine cycles. At power-on, the voltage on VCC and RST must come up at the same time for a proper start-up. Ports 1, 2, and 3 will asynchronously be driven to their reset condition when a voltage above VIH1 (min.) is applied to RST.

DAC0808 8-Bit D/A Converter

General Description

The DAC0808 is an 8-bit monolithic digital-to-analog converter (DAC) featuring a full scale output current settling time of 150 ns while dissipating only 33 mW with 5V supplies. No reference current (IREF) trimming is required for most applications since the full scale output current is typically 1 LSB of 255 IREF/256. The power supply currents of the DAC0808 are independent of bit codes, and exhibits essentially constant device characteristics over the entire supply voltage range. The DAC0808 will interface directly with popular TTL, DTL or CMOS logic levels, and is a direct replacement for the MC1508/MC1408. For higher speed applications.

Features

Relative accuracy: 0.19% error maximum Noninverting digital inputs are TTL and CMOS Compatible High speed multiplying input slew rate: 8 mA/s Power supply voltage range: 4.5V to 18V Low power consumption: 33 mW @ 5V

Block and Connection Diagrams

Block Diagram

Connection Diagram

Typical Application

Vo = 5V (A1/2+A2/2+A3/2+A4/2+A5/2+A6/2+A7/2+A8/2)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE
The voltage on pin 4 is restricted to a range of 0.55 to 0.4V when VEE = 5V due to the current switching methods employed in the DAC0808. The negative output voltage compliance of the DAC0808 is extended to 5V where the negative supply voltage is more negative than 10V. Using a full-scale current of 1.992 mA and load resistor of 2.5 kW between pin 4 and ground will yield a voltage output of 256 levels between 0 and 4.980V. Floating pin 1 does not affect the converter speed or power dissipation. However, the value of the load resistor determines the switching time due to increased voltage swing. Values of RL up to 500W do not significantly affect performance, but a 2.5 kW load increases worst-case settling time to 1.2 s (when all bits are switched ON). Refer to the subsequent text section on Settling Time for more details on output loading.

OUTPUT CURRENT RANGE OF DAC

The output current maximum rating of 4.2 mA may be used only for negative supply voltages more negative than 8V, due to the increased voltage drop across the resistors in the reference current amplifier.

KF347
Features
Low input bias current High input impedance Wide gain bandwidth: 4 MHz Typ. High slew rate: 13 V/s Typ.

Description

The KF347 is a high speed quad JFET input operational amplifier. This feature high input impedance, wide bandwidth, high slew rate, and low input offset voltage and bias current. The KF347 may be used in circuits requiring high input impedance. High slew rate and wide bandwidth, low input bias current.

Quad Operational Amplifier (JFET)

Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Value Unit

Internal Block Diagram

Supply Voltage VCC 18 V Differential Input Voltage VI(DIFF) 30 V Input Voltage Range VI 15 V Power Dissipation PD 570 mW

Electrical Characteristics (VCC= +15V, VEE= -15V, TA=25 C, unless otherwise specified)

74LS373

Pin Diagram
The SN54/ 74LS373 consist of eight latches with 3-state outputs for bus organized system applications. The flip-flops appear transparent to the data (data changes asynchronously) when Latch Enable (LE) is HIGH. When LE is LOW, the data that meets the setup times is latched. Data appears on the bus When the Output Enable (OE) is LOW. When OE is HIGH the bus output is in the high impedance state.

Logic Diagram