F321 module 3 Practice 1:

1.

Barium, Ba, was discovered by Davy in 1808. The element gets its name from the
Greek barys meaning heavy.
The table below compares some properties of barium with caesium.
element

Cs

Ba

group

atomic number

55

56

atomic radius / pm

531

435

(i)

Why do caesium and barium have different atomic numbers?

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[1]

(ii)

State the block in the Periodic Table in which caesium and barium are found.
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[1]

(iii)

Explain why the atomic radius of barium is less than the atomic radius of
caesium.
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[3]

(iv)

Predict and explain whether a barium ion is larger, smaller or the same size as a
barium atom.
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[2]
[Total 7 marks]

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2.

Barium reacts with water in a redox reaction.

Ba(s) + 2H2O(l) Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
(i)

Explain, in terms of electrons, what is meant by oxidation.

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[1]

(ii)

Which element has been oxidised in this reaction? Deduce the change in its
oxidation number.
element ...........................................................................................................
oxidation number changes from to
[2]
[Total 3 marks]

3.

Old samples of magnesium oxide become contaminated with magnesium carbonate.

(i)

Suggest how this contamination takes place.

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[1]

(ii)

A student added an excess of hydrochloric acid to an old sample of magnesium

oxide that is contaminated with magnesium carbonate.
State two observations that the student would make.
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[2]

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(iii)

Explain, with the aid of equations, why the resulting solution contained only one
dissolved compound of magnesium.
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[3]
[Total 6 marks]

4.

A student carried out an experiment using chlorine gas, Cl2(g).

The student bubbled chlorine through an aqueous solution of potassium bromide,
KBr(aq). A reaction took place.
(i)

What colour is the solution after the reaction has taken place?
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[1]

(ii)

Write an equation for this reaction.

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[2]

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(iii)

This reaction takes place because chlorine has a stronger oxidising power than
bromine. Explain why chlorine has a stronger oxidising power than bromine.
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[3]
[Total 6 marks]

5.

A student carried out two experiments using chlorine gas, Cl2(g).

(a)

In the first experiment, the student bubbled chlorine through 120 cm3 of an
aqueous solution of 0.275 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq).
The equation for this reaction is shown below.
Cl2(g) + 2NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + NaClO(aq) + H2O(l)
Under the reaction conditions, 1 mole of Cl2(g) occupies 24.0 dm3.

(i)

What is meant by the term the mole?

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[1]

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(ii)

How many moles of NaOH were in the 120 cm3 volume of NaOH(aq)?
answer ....................... mol
[1]

(iii)

Calculate the volume of Cl2(g) that was needed to react with the NaOH(aq)
used.
answer ...............................
[2]

(iv)

What is a common use for the solution that the student prepared?
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[1]

(b)

In the second experiment, the student repeated the procedure in (a) but with hot
concentrated sodium hydroxide. A different reaction took place in which sodium
chlorate (V) was formed instead of NaClO.
Suggest the formula of sodium chlorate (V).
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[1]
[Total 6 marks]

6.

In this question, you are provided with information about ionisation energies of
elements. You are also provided with some additional information that will help you
answer part (b).
(a)

Define the term first ionisation energy.

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[3]

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(b)

In this question, one mark is available for the quality of use and organisation of
scientific terms.
Table 1 provides data on elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table.
Table 2 shows the first 6 successive ionisation energies of an element X, which is
in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

Using Table 4.1, describe and explain the trend in first ionisation energies
shown by the Period 2 elements, LiN.

Using Table 4.2, identify element X. Explain how you decided on your
answer.
[10]

element

Li

Be

number of protons

electron
configuration

1s2 2s1

1s2 2s2

1s2 2s2
2p1

1s2 2s2
2p2

1s2 2s2
2p3

1st ionisation energy

/ kJ mol1

520

900

801

1086

1402

Table 1
ionisation energy / kJ mol1

element
X

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

578

1817

2745

11 578

14 831

18 378

Table 2
[Total 13 marks]

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7.

The elements calcium and strontium in Group 2 of the Periodic Table both react with
water.
A student reacted 0.20 g of calcium and 0.20 g of strontium separately with 250 cm3 of
water. The student measured the volume of gas produced from each reaction.
The students results are shown below.
metal

calcium

strontium

volume of gas / cm3

120

55

(i)

Name the gas produced.

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[1]

(ii)

Write a balanced equation for the reaction of strontium with water.

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[1]

(iii)

Explain why the student obtained different volumes of gas by reacting water with
the same mass of calcium and strontium.
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[2]

(iv)

Predict the pH of the solutions formed in each of these reactions.

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[1]
[Total 5 marks]

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8.

In their reactions, calcium and strontium each lose electrons to form ions with a 2+
charge. The first and second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium are shown
below.
1st ionisation energy
/ kJ mol1

2nd ionisation energy

/ kJ mol1

calcium

590

1145

strontium

550

1064

(i)

Write an equation, with state symbols, to represent the second ionisation energy
of calcium.
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[2]

(ii)

Why are the second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium greater than
their first ionisation energies?
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[1]

(iii)

Explain why the first and second ionisation energies of strontium are less than
those of calcium.
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[3]
[Total 6 marks]

9.

Aqueous silver nitrate can be used as a test for halide ions. A student decided to carry
out this test on a solution of magnesium chloride. The bottle of magnesium chloride
that the student used showed the formula MgCl2.6H2O.

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The student dissolved a small amount of MgCl2.6H2O in water and added aqueous
silver nitrate to the aqueous solution.
(i)

What is the molar mass of MgCl2.6H2O?

molar mass = g mol1
[1]

(ii)

What would the student see after adding the aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq)?
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[1]

(iii)

Write an ionic equation for this reaction. Include state symbols.

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[2]

(iv)

Using aqueous silver nitrate, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between

chloride, bromide and iodide ions.
How can aqueous ammonia be used to distinguish between these three ions?
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[3]
[Total 7 marks]

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10.

Domestic tap water has been chlorinated.

Chlorine reacts with water as shown below.
Cl2(g) + H2O(l) HOCl (aq) + HCl (aq)
(i)

State the oxidation number of chlorine in

Cl2 ...................................................................................................................
HOCl ...............................................................................................................
HCl ..................................................................................................................
[3]

(ii)

When carrying out halide tests with aqueous silver nitrate, it is important that
distilled or deionised water is used for all solutions, rather than tap water.
Suggest why.
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[1]
[Total 4 marks]

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