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Code No.V3114/R07

Set No.1
HEAT TRANSFER (Mechanical Engineering)

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations November, 2010

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Note: Use of Heat Transfer Data Book is permitted

Max.Marks: 80

1. a) Derive, starting from fundamentals, general conduction equation in cylindrical coordinates and deduce it to one dimensional steady state condition with no internal heat generation. (12) b) Compute the heat loss per square metre surface area of a 40 cm thick furnace wall having surface temperatures of 3000C and 500C if the thermal conductivity k of the wall material is given by k = 0.005 T 5 10-6 T2 where T = temperature in 0C. (4) 2 a) A wall of a house is constructed from a 11 cm layer of common brick (k = 0.7 W/mK) followed by a 4 cm layer of plaster (k = 0.48 W/mK). What thickness of loosely packed rockwool insulation (k = 0.065 W/mK) should be added to reduce the heat loss through the wall by 50 %? (8) b) A current of 200 A is passed through a stainless steel wire 3 mm in diameter. The resistivity of the steel may be taken as 70 -cm, and the length of the wire is 1 m. The wire is submerged in a liquid at 1000C and experiences a convective heat transfer coefficient of 4 kW/m2 K. Taking k for wire as 20 W/mK, Calculate the central temperature of the wire. (8) 3. a) What are the different charts used to solve transient conduction problems and what is their significance? b) Derive an expression for temperature distribution in systems with negligible internal resistance. (6) (4)

c) An aluminum sphere weighing 5 kg and initially a temperature of 3500C is suddenly immersed in a fluid at 500C. The heat transfer coefficient is 60 W/m20C. Estimate the time required to cool the sphere to 1000C. Take for aluminum = 2700 kg/m3, c = 900 J/kgK and k = 200 W/mK. (6) 4. a) Explain how velocity boundary layer is formed over a flat plate in forced convection. (4) b) Air at 20 0C is flowing along a heated flat plate at 130 0C at a velocity of 3 m/s. The plate is 2 m long and 1.5 m wide. Calculate i) the thickness of velocity boundary layer at 50 cm from leading edge ii) Skin friction coefficient at 50 cm from leading edge iii) Average

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Code No.V3114/R07

Set No.1

friction coefficient over the entire length of the plate iv) Total drag force experienced by the plate v) Heat transfer coefficient at 50 cm from leading edge vi) Heat transferred from the entire plate (12) 5. a) What is the hydraulic diameter and when is it used? (3)

b) How do laminar and turbulent flows influence heat transfer rates? Explain briefly (5) c) A large vertical plate 3 m high is maintained at 500C and exposed to atmospheric air at 100C. Calculate the heat transfer if the plate is 10 m wide. (8) 6. a) Define effectiveness of heat exchangers and obtain an expression for it in case of a parallel flow heat exchanger. (8) b) Hot oil with a capacity rate of 2500 W/K flows through a double pipe heat exchange. It enters at 3500 C and leaves at 3000 C. Cold fluid enters at 300C and leaves at 2000 C. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/m2 K, determine the heat exchanger area required for (i) parallel flow and (ii) counter flow. Give your conclusion based on the values you get. (8) 7. a) Distinguish between i) Film and drop wise condensation ii) nucleate and film boiling (8) b) A vertical plate 30 cm wide and 1.2 m high is maintained at 800C and exposed to saturated steam at 1 atm. Calculate the heat transfer and the total mass of steam condensed per hour. (8) 8. a) Explain Planks distribution law. (6)

b) Two parallel plates 0.5 by 1.0 m are spaced 0.5 m apart. One plate is maintained at 1000 0 C and the other at 500 0C. The emissivities of the plates are 0.2 and 0.5, respectively. The plates are located in a very large room, the walls of which are maintained at 30 0C. The plates exchange heat with each other and with the room, but only the plate surfaces facing each other are to be considered in the analysis. Find the net heat transfer to each plate and to the room. (10) @@@@@

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Code No.V3114 /R07 III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations November, 2010 HEAT TRANSFER (Mechanical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Note: Use of Heat Transfer Data Book is permitted 1. a) Define thermal conductivity. Name some good conductors of heat; some poor conductors.(4) b) Derive, starting from fundamentals, general conduction equation in Cartesian coordinates and deduce it to one dimensional steady state condition with no internal heat generation. (12) 2. a) A thick walled tube of stainless steel with 2.5 cm inner diameter and 4.5 cm outer diameter is covered with a 3 cm layer of asbestos insulation. If the inside wall temperature of the pipe is maintained at 5000C, calculate the heat loss per meter of length. Also calculate the tube-insulation interface temperature. (8) b) A thick walled copper cylinder has an inside radius of 1 cm and an outside radius of 2 cm. The inner and outer surfaces are held at 310 0C and 290 0C respectively. Assume k varies with temperature as k (W/mK) = 371.9 [ 1 9.25 10-5( T 150 ) ]. Determine the heat loss per unit length. (8) 3. a) Show different types of fins with the help of simple sketches and give their applications. (4) b) What is the significance of Biot and Fourier numbers? (4) (8) (4) Max.Marks: 80

Set No.2

c) Derive an expression for temperature distribution for a cylinder with heat sources. 4. a) Distinguish between free and forced convection.

b) Air flow through a long rectangular air conditioning duct of 30 cm height and 60 cm width maintains the outer duct surface temperature at 15 0C. If the duct is un insulated and exposed to air at 25 0C, calculate the heat gained by the duct per meter length, assuming it to be horizontal. (12)

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Code No.V3114/R07 5. a) Write a brief note on Continuity, Momentum and Energy Equations.

Set No.2
(6)

b) Calculate the heat-transfer rate per unit length for flow at a speed of 6 m/s over a 0.025 mm diameter cylinder maintained at 600C. Perform the calculation for i) air at 200C and 1 atm and ii) water at 200C. (10) 6. a) What are the advantages of NTU method over the LMTD method ? b) What are fouling factors? Explain briefly. (4) (4)

c) Water enters a cross flow heat exchanger (both fluids unmixed) at 5 0C and flows at the rate of 4500 kg/h to cool 4000 kg/h of air that is initially at 35 0C. Assuming overall heat transfer coefficient as 150 W/m2 K, calculate the exit temperature of water for an exchanger surface area of 25 m2. (8) 7. a) What are different regimes of pool boiling?. Explain with the help of a neat sketch. (8)

b) A heated vertical plate at a temperature of 1050C is immersed in a tank of water exposed to atmospheric pressure. The temperature of the water is 1000C, and boiling occurs at the surface of the plate. What is the heat loss rate from the plate for an area of 0.3 m2? (8) 8. a) What is radiation shape factor? b) Derive an expression for radiation heat exchange between two large parallel planes. (2) (6)

b) Emissivities of two large parallel plates maintained at 8500C and 3500C are 0.35 and 0.55 respectively. Find the percentage reduction in heat transfer when a polished aluminum radiation shield of emissivity 0.05 is placed between them. Also find the temperature of the shield. (8) @@@@@

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Code No.V3114/R07

Set No.3
HEAT TRANSFER (Mechanical Engineering)

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations November, 2010

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Note: Use of Heat Transfer Data Book is permitted 1. a) b) 2. a) b) c)

Max.Marks: 80

Derive, starting from the fundamentals, general conduction equation in spherical coordinates. (12) Explain briefly the concept of driving potential in heat transfer. (4) What is overall heat transfer coefficient and where do you use it? (4) What is meant by lumped capacity and when can it be applied in heat transfer problems? (4) A steel pipe line (k = 50 W/mK) of I.D 100 mm and O.D 110 mm is to be covered with two layers of insulation each having a thickness of 50 mm. The thermal conductivity of the first insulation material is 0.06 W/mK and that of the second is 0.12 W/mK. Calculate the loss of heat per meter length of pipe and the interface temperatures between the two layers of insulation when the temperature of the inside tube surface is 300 0C and that of the outside surface of the insulation is 70 0C. (8) Define the terms efficiency and effectiveness as applied to fins. (3) What are the boundary conditions for three cases of rectangular plate fins very long, finite length with and without ends insulated? (4) An aluminum fin (k = 200 W/mK) 3.0 mm thick and 7.5 cm long protrudes from a wall. The base is maintained at 300 0C, and the ambient temperature is 50 0C with h = 10 W/m2 K. Calculate i) the heat loss from the fin per unit depth of material ii) temperature of the fin at its end iii) efficiency and effectiveness of the fin. (9) What is the significance of dimensional analysis? Derive expressions for Reynolds, Pradtl and Nusselt numbers using dimensional analysis. (8) 0 Air at 2 bar and 200 C is heated as it flows through a tube with a diameter of 2 cm at a velocity of 10 m/s. Calculate the heat transfer per unit length of tube if a constant heat flux condition is maintained at the wall and the wall temperature is 25 0C above the air temperature, all along the length of the tube. How much would the bulk temperature increase over a 3-m length of the tube? (8)

3. a) b) c)

4. a) b)

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Code No.V3114/R07 5. a) b)

Set No.3

Describe the relationship between fluid friction and heat transfer. (6) 0 A vertical cylinder having a length of 30 cm is maintained at 100 C and exposed to room air at 150C. Calculate the minimum diameter the cylinder can have in order to behave as a vertical plate and also calculate the heat lost by free convection. (10) Derive an expression for LMTD of a counter flow heat exchanger. State the assumptions you have made. (6) Water at the rate of 65 kg / min is heated from 300C to 700C by an oil having a specific heat of 2 kJ/ kg.K. The fluids are used in counter flow double pipe heat exchanger, and the oil enter the exchanger at 100 0C and leaves at 70 0C. Taking U as 300 W/m2 K, calculate the heat exchanger area. Instead of the double pipe arrangement in the above problem, it is desired to use a shelland- tube exchanger with the water making one shell pass and the oil making tow tube passes. Calculate the area required for this exchanger. (10)

6. a)

b)

7. a)

What are the different regimes of pool boiling?. Explain where and why does radiation play a significant role in heat transfer during boiling. (8) A vertical square plate, of 40 by 40 cm, is exposed to steam at atmospheric pressure. The plate temperature is 980C. Calculate the heat transfer and the mass of steam condensed per day. (8) State and prove Kirchhoffs law of radiation. (7)

b)

8. a) b)

Emissivities of two large parallel plates maintained at 9000C and 4000C are 0.4 and 0.6 respectively. Find i) ii) iii) The percentage reduction in heat transfer when a polished aluminum radiation shield of emissivity 0.05 is placed between them. Temperature of the shield. The number of shields to be placed between the two plates to reduce radiation heat transfer by 50 times, assuming all the shields have the same emissivity of 0.05. (9) @@@@@

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Code No.V3114/R07

Set No.4
HEAT TRANSFER (Mechanical Engineering)

III B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations November, 2010

Time: 3 hours Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ***** Note: Use of Heat Transfer Data Book is permitted

Max.Marks: 80

1. a) What are different modes of heat transfer? Explain briefly giving governing equations and at least two examples to each. (6) b) A furnace wall consists of three layers. The inner layer of 10 cm thickness is made of fire brick (k = 1 W/m0C), intermediate layer of 20 cm thickness is made of masonry brick (k = 0.7 W/m0C) followed by a 5 cm thick concrete wall (k = 1.5 W/m0C). The inner and outer surface temperatures are 800 0C and 50 0C. Calculate the rate of heat loss per unit area of the wall and the intermediate temperatures. (10) 2. a) What is critical thickness of insulation on a pipe? Explain its physical significance and derive an expression for the same. State the assumptions you have made. (8) b) Calculate the critical radius of insulation for asbestos surrounding a pipe and exposed to room air at 300C with h = 3 W/m2 K. Calculate the heat loss from a 2500C, 5 cm diameter pipe when covered with critical radius of insulation and also without insulation. (8) 3. a) Derive an expression for temperature distribution and heat transfer rate from a rectangular plate fin of finite length with ends not insulated. (8) b) A plate of 3 cm thickness has heat generated uniformly at the rate of 500 kW per unit volume. One side of the plate is maintained at 2000C and the other side at 500C. Calculate the temperature at the centre of the plate whose thermal conductivity is 15 W/m. 0 C. (8) 4. a) Sketch and explain temperature and velocity profiles in free convection on a vertical wall. (8) b) A 30 cm long glass plate is hung vertically in the air at 250C while its temperature is maintained at 750C. Calculate the boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge of the plate. If a similar plate is placed in a wind tunnel and air is blown over it at a velocity of 4 m/s, estimate the boundary layer thickness at its trailing edge. (8)

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Code No.V3114/R07

Set No.4
(8)

5. a) What is the significance of Reynolds, Prandtl, Grashof and Nusselt numbers?

b) Engine oil enters a 5 mm diameter tube at 1200C. The tube wall is maintained at 500C, and the inlet Reynolds number is 1000. Calculate the heat transfer, average heat transfer coefficient and exit oil temperature if the length of the tube is 20 cm. (8) 6 a) How are heat exchangers classified? (3) b) Derive an expression for LMTD of a parallel flow heat exchanger. State the assumptions you have made. (5) 0 0 c) Water at the rate of 4 kg/s is heated from 40 C to 55 C in a shell-and-tube type heat exchanger. The water is to flow inside tubes of 2 cm diameter with an average velocity of 35 cm/s. Hot water available at 97 0C and at the rate of 2 kg/s is used as the heating medium on the shell side. If the length of tubes must not be more than 2 m calculate the number of tube passes, the number of tubes per pass and the length of the tubes for one pass shell, assuming overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside area as 1500 W/m2 K. (8) 7. a) What is meant by sub cooled and saturated boiling? Explain. (6) b) Saturated steam at 1.03 bar pressure condenses on the outside of a 30 cm diameter tube whose surface is maintained at 950C. The tube is 15 m long. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient and the amount of steam condensed per hour. (10) 8. a) What is a radiation shield and how does it reduces radiation heat transfer rate? b)Define i) Emissive power & Emissivity ii) Black body & Opaque body (4) (4)

c)The net radiation from the surface of two parallel plates maintained at temperatures T1 and T2 is to be reduced by 75 times. Calculate the number of screens to be placed between these two surfaces to achieve this reduction in heat exchange, assuming the emissivity of the screens as 0.05 and that of the surfaces as 0.8. (8) @@@@@

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