Final Thesis

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University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING
Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
INTRODUCTION Dengue is everybodys concern, but with our concerted efforts, dengue can be controlled starting today. -Enrique T. Ona The control and prevention of Dengue depends ultimately on the behavioral responses of a broad range of individuals, ranging from behaviors of individuals affected by or at risk of Dengue to the behaviors of a host of others: community leaders, government officials, politicians, policy makers, government health care providers, private physicians and middle management administrators in health system. Every outcome is a behavioral outcome: someone has to do something, it is not enough that they are aware, or are knowledgeable, or are even convinced; they need to act (World Health Organization, 2003). The communitys ability to follow the steps and practices the proposed programs regarding vector control will determine the effectiveness of the program as well as this will serve as a basis if the given goals and objectives of the given program has been reached. Active community participation towards the dengue control program will provide an early step towards the aim of totally eradicating the Dengue mosquitoes. The effectiveness of the programs by the Department of Health will

varies on the peoples compliance. It is not enough that they are aware. Their knowledge and practice will be applied as a habit. Their awareness to these programs will be based on how they comply and give importance to the aim of eradicating Dengue mosquitoes. The knowledge and awareness of an individual will greatly affect his level of practice and behavior towards a specific situation. His level of practice will determine his behavior based on what he has learned. For more than a decade that Dengue mosquitoes have been attacking the country, the DOH has already institutionalized its dengue prevention and control program in public health and hospital services as well as in health promotion. But as the already-a-clich goes, the government cannot do it alone. In Dengue prevention and control, communities and the whole society should do their big part (Department of Health, 2011). The Department of Health is the principal health agency responsible for ensuring access to the basic public health services to the people. Major strategy is advocacy and promotion, particularly with the programs of Department of Health like the Four Oclock Habit, 4S Strategy, Aksyon Barangay Kontra Dengue (or ABaKaDa), and Bottoms-Up. While there have been successes, there has also been enormous frustration at not being able to fully achieve the goals of the programs at a faster rate. Changes of thus failure may be due to the lack of cooperation among the target population of these programs. The most important key to control diseases such as Dengue is empowering and giving the people right
information so that they would be able to take steps and limit the harm that these mosquitoes bring. Everything has been done by government to minimize the impact that Dengue brings to the country - from advocacy campaigns to Dengue fast lane in health facilities to scientific research altering the genes of the dengue carrying mosquitoes to clinical testing of a potential vaccine against the disease. This is not inaction in the part of government. What may truly want is for people to change their behaviors and practice the recommended cost-effective measures to prevent dengue, (Department of Health, 2011). Peoples behavior towards this matter will only be change if there is effective mobilization of the group and communication programs that were carefully planned and purposely directed at behavioral goals, and are not implemented just at awareness, advocacy, creation or public education. Mosquitoes pose a big problem. They are small but they are deadly. All of the population are vulnerable. Both sexes are equally affected. No one can escape but there are ways to prevent these mosquitoes from biting us and making us sick. As Dr. Pedrosa, M.P.H, of DOH-RO8, said that environment cleaning should not only be done by one person but by the whole community. Dengue is a disease which is often, though not exclusively, closely associated with poor environment sanitation, inferior housing and inadequate water supplies. Communities where such conditions prevail must be told what steps they should take to prevent and control dengue. This disease tends to
spread from large cities to smaller ones and to villages. infested by vector mosquitoes, mainly Aedesaegypti. Transmission of the disease can be reduced by community participation in vector control (World Health Organization, 2003). The Department of Health advises the public strictly observe measures on its nationwide anti-Dengue campaign. The anti-Dengue campaign is now a year round concern, since dengue cases are now reported during wet and dry seasons. The month of June has been declared Dengue Awareness Month in the Philippines to build public awareness on the preventive measures against the mosquito-borne viral disease. Public cooperation and unity, whether voluntarily or compulsory, is absolutely necessary to achieve the goals and fulfill the objectives of Dengue control and prevention. The priorities of public health planners are often at variance with the community's own environmental sanitation priorities and perspectives. Public opinion about individual, collective, and governmental responsibilities in addressing these issues and priorities is of particular importance when designing community-based programs. The subjects of this study were the residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor, City because they were the Universitys adopted community and in this area has the highest number of dengue in Bacoor according to the records of Area B (Main Health Center). In the year 2011, the number of dengue cases had reached to 10 with 2 deaths reported and in the year 2010 there were 15 reported cases. The researchers was able to help and increase the subjects
awareness and knowledge about the importance of focusing and fully practicing and implementing the preventive programs to Dengue in which they was able to benefit to the results. The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of Dengue prevention programs based on the level of knowledge and practice of selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before and after treatment. A program about Dengue prevention was implemented within the guidelines of the Department of Health and was monitored by the researchers. This study was used to determine the effectiveness of the Dengue prevention programs prior to the implementation of the programs and how would it affect or changed if attentive mobilization by the researchers were done to the subjects.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Local Literature Effectiveness includes the capacity to raise awareness. Effectiveness is increased when participatory sustained monitoring and evaluation takes place even after project closure (Nordic agency for Development and Ecology and GEF Evaluation Office, 2007). Dengue Hemorrhagic fever is an infection caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted by the mosquito Aedesaegypti. Its symptoms vary from simple fever to broken blood vessels, and can infect practically anyone gets bitten by a
mosquito. There are four known strains of dengue. The good thing about it is that once one have been infected by particular a strain, he/she already sake from it. Dengue, as a virus, also mutates through time, making it more complicated around a decade ago, doctors watched for any fluctuations in the platelet count of their patients. Normally, a person has a platelet count of 150-350 mg/dl. Anything lower than that is a sign of dengue fever. Patients have gone from something around 70 to as low as 10 and survive (The Philippine Star, 2011). The Department of Health is the principal health agency responsible for ensuring access to the basic public health services to the people. Major strategy is advocacy and promotion, particularly with the programs of Department of Health. The Department of Health encourages people to follow the 4S dengue control tips to prevent the spread of the virus in the community. (1) Search and destroy mosquito breeding- clear surroundings from all possible mosquito breeding places such as dish drains, old tires, roof gutters, coconut husk, used cans and bottles where water can accumulate. Also cover water containers and make sure to clean them every week, (2) Self-protection measures- it is especially encouraged for children in school to wear protective clothing such as long sleeved shirts, long pants and to avoid dark-colored clothes. Using insert repellants and installing window screens are also good ways to avoid mosquito bites the use of mosquito coils, electric vapor mats and spray for enclosed areas are also beneficial, (3) Seek early treatment- observe basic dengue signs and symptoms such as high fever, severe headache, back ache, joint pains, nausea and vomiting,
eye pain rash. Once these symptoms occur, immediately consult a health expect, (4) Say no to indiscriminate fogging- this is only advisable and recommended during outbreaks in a particular area (The Philippine Star, 2011). The Department of health together with the Department of the Interior and Local Government, Science and Technology, Education, Environmental and National Resources, and Metro Manila Developmental Authority launched a new campaign against Dengue dubbed, Aksyon Barangay Kontra Dengue (or ABaKaDa). ABaKaDa is set to reinforce the countrys drive against by going back to basics, added Ona. He said that the campaign seeks to urge families, village leaders and youth councils to take the lead and aggressively search and destroy the possible mosquito breeding-sites every week. The campaign is seen to be carried out until October, when cases are expected to fall (The Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2011). The 4oclock habit is an initiative of the Philippine government that requests residents to practice the cleaning of their surroundings and draining water containers to prevent the spread of dengue carrier mosquitoes, in support of Dengue Control Program as well as Malaria Control Program (DOH, 2011). The DOH also launched its anti dengue campaign billed as Bottoms- Up early in the year just like the previous dengue campaigns (Manila Bulletin, 2011). In its effort against dengue the DOST developed its very own Ovi- Larvicidal trap (OL trap) to reduce mosquito population, especially that of female
Aedesaegypti, the vector of the dengue virus. OL trap is set to be rolled across the country in the early part of a January (Manila Bulletin, 2011). Under the agreement, the DILG urges local chief executives to mobilize their Barangay Dengue Brigades that will conduct and supervise house to house cleanliness campaign , pass local ordinances for strict observance of cleanliness, monitor the health situation in their respective areas, assist rural health workers areas, assist rural health workers in the dissemination of information, and provide assistance for possible patients to be referred to or admitted to the rural health units or developed hospitals. According to a study conducted by Mahilum, et al, (2005) which focuses on the evaluation of the present dengue situation and control strategies against Aedes aegypti in Cebu City Philippines. The knowledge and attitudes of people towards dengue hemorrhagic fever were limited. A survey of peoples knowledge, attitude and practice for integrated community- based dengue control showed that 68.7% of the interviewees were aware that dengue were transmitted by mosquitoes, but only 4.3% knew that a virus was a caused of the a disease. Vector control measures at the household level reported by the respondents included: cleaning up the surrounding, using mosquito nets, repellants (mosquito coils), and screening their Barangay initiated anti-dengue drive programs and half were willing to attend them. People on the community also commented on the fogging of potential breeding sites of mosquito. Half of them commented negatively in the preventive measures while the other half remarked that it should be done on their
Barangay. The respondents in complete knowledge on the disease and transmission appears to be one of the reasons why people do not follow instructions to reduce mosquito breeding sites, (Gubler,1998)
Foreign Literature and Studies Dengue fever is an acute febrile viral condition. Symptoms include sudden onset beginning with fever, severe headache, anorexia, gastrointestinal disturbances and rash. Children have milder symptoms than adults do (Alexander, 2006). Dengue fever is a febrile disease by a flavivirus with four distinct groups and it is transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. Clinical features include an abrupt onset of fever, chills, headache, backache and severe prostration, aching in the legs and joints occurs during the first hours of illness. Fever and symptoms persist for 48-98 hours, followed by rapid effervescence and after about 24 hours a second rapid temperature rise follow. (Saddleback temperature). Typical dengue is not fatal. In dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) bleeding tendencies occurs with shock 2-6 days after onset. Mortality for dengue hemorrhagic fever ranges from 6-30% most death occurs in infants less than 1 year old. There are 4 types that cause dengue that are transmitted by AedesAegypti mosquito. Common breeding places of vector are discarded tin, broken bottle, fore
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bucket, flower pot, earthen pot, tree hole type, overhead tank, water cooler, flower vase, defreeze container of fridge. Clinical diagnosis is done on signs and symptoms positive tourniquet test by BP cuff tied to arm produce petechiae indicating hemorrhagic manifestation (Peepee, 2006). Prevention of dengue includes the avoidance of mosquito bites, examples with beds nets and insects repellants. Control or eradication of the mosquito vector. To prevent the transmissions of mosquitoes, patient in endemic areas should be kept under mosquito retting until the 2nd count of fever has abated (J,Hacker, 2005). The first cases of Dengue Fever (DF) were recorded in 1779 in Batavia, Indonesia and Catro. For the past 200 years, pandemics have been. Recorded in tropical and subtropical climates at 10 t o 3 0 year Intervals. In 1944, Albert Sabin successfully isolated the virus that causes DF and found that it belonged t o the Flavivirdae virus family. There are more than 70 known members of the Flavivirdae family. Some examples include Yellow Fever and Japanese Encephalitis Virus, (Kautner et al., 2006). The female mosquito, which feeds during daytime, has the ability to spread Dengue virus to another host after feeding on a viremic host or can transmit the virus 8-10 days after it has amplified in the salivary gland. Once mosquitoes are infected with dengue virus, they have the ability to transmit the virus throughout their entire life. A. albopictus which has a higher biting frequency than A. aegypti,
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originated in Southeast Asia, and has been introduced into the United States, Europe, and Nigeria. The strain of A. albopictus found in Europe is a coldresistant strain, and it has been suggested that it may result in future dengue outbreaks (Kautner et al., 2006). Prevention and control of dengue and DHF currently depends on controlling the Mosquito vector, A.aegypti, in and around the home, where most of the transmission occurs. Space sprays with insecticides to kill adult mosquitoes are not usually effective unless they are used indoors. The most effective way to control the mosquitoes that transmit dengue is larval source reduction, i.e., elimination or cleaning of water-holding. Containers that serve as the larval habitats for A. aegypti in the domestic environment (Malavigeer al., 2004). There are two approaches to effective A. aegypti control involving larval source reduction. In the past, the most effective programs have had a vertical, paramilitary organizational structure with a large staff and budget. These
successful programs were also facilitated by the availability of residual insecticides, such as DDT, that contributed greatly to ridding the mosquito from the domestic environment. Unfortunately, in all of these programs, without exception, there has been no sustainability, because once the mosquito and the disease were controlled, limited health resources were moved to other competing
programs and the A, aegypti population rebounded to levels where epidemic transmission occurred (Malavige e l al., 2004).
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SYNTHESIS The communitys role towards dengue prevention plays a big part in eradicating the disease brought by it. The effectiveness of a program depends on how the people follow and practices the content and steps given. It is therefore increased when participatory sustained monitoring and evaluation takes place even after the project closure. The knowledge and awareness of an individual was greatly affecting his level of practice and behavior towards a specific situation. His level of practice was determined his behavior based on what he has learned. For more than a decade that Dengue mosquitoes have been attacking the country, the DOH has already institutionalized its dengue prevention and control program in public health and hospital services as well as in health promotion. But the government cannot do it alone. In Dengue prevention and control, communities and the whole society should do their big part for the achievement of the goals of the specific program. The peoples level of knowledge determines their ability to follow the instructions of reducing the mosquitoes breeding sites. Dengue has been known for a number of years. Numerous researches and studies have been done. The Department of Health is the principal health agency responsible for ensuring access to the basic public health services to the people. With the communities active participation in the program and proper knowledge, they can contribute in helping to the Department of Health to its goals of eradicating the number of dengue cases and deaths.
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According to the study that was conducted by Mahilum, et al, (2005) in Cebu City, the peoples knowledge, attitude and practices towards Dengue Hemorrhagic fever were limited.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This study was conducted within the framework that the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Program in the level of knowledge and practice based from Albert Banduras Social Cognitive Theory that explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal in interaction between cognitive, behavior and environment; Behavioral System Model by Dorothy Johnson which believes that each individual has patterned, purposeful and repetitive ways of acting and such behavior are purposeful and predictable; and Sr. Callista Roys Adaptation Model that represents the adaptive system of a person. The Social Cognitive Theory by Albert Bandura stresses the mutual interrelationships among behavior, internal causes, and environmental factors (Ewen, 2010). According to Social Cognitive Theory, behavior is maintained by expectancies or anticipated consequences, rather than just by immediate consequences. Through the cognitive development of expectations concerning the results of various actions, people are able to think about the consequences of behavior before undertaking action and are able to anticipate rewards and punishments far into the future, (Pervin and John, 2001).
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In relation to the study, the knowledge towards the Dengue prevention programs can be achieved through direct reinforcement and that behaviors can be learned by watching other people or what we call observational learning. The subjects can acquire knowledge by actual demonstration of a behavior. And upon the implementation of the programs, the subjects were able to anticipate the benefits of the said programs. For successful observational learning, the subjects were motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled. The environment is more likely to have a big influence because as mentioned in this theory, the environment affects the person. What the resources in the surrounding of a person was offered a big impact to what the person was. The Behavioral System Model by Dorothy Johnson believes that each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that compromise a behavioral system specific to that individual. These actions or behaviors form an organized and integrated functional unit that determines and limits the interaction between the person and the environment. According to Johnson, an individuals behavior is influenced by all the events in the environment. The patterns of behavioral characteristics of the individual have a purpose in the maintenance of homeostasis by the individual, (George, 2003). In relation to the study, the practice and compliance to the Dengue programs by the subjects is being foster by the individuals ability to adapt to the changes in the environment. Based on the theory, the effect and success of a
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program reflects the level of practice and adaptation by the subjects towards the specific programs. The system balance may and will vary from individual to individual. With direct motivation by the researchers, the behavior of the subjects determines the level of practice towards their compliance to the programs to dengue prevention. The Adaptation Model by Sr. Callista Roy conceptualize as living system, persons are in constant interaction with their environments. Between the system and environment occurs an exchange of information, matter and energy. The adaptive system has input coming from the external environment as well as from the person. Learning is correlated to the process of imitation, reinforcement, and insight, (George, 1995). In relation to the study, in order for a person to adopt something, there must be an input of stimuli. The programs to be implemented and the health teaching by the researcher served as input in the study. The outputs refer to the behavioral responses by the subjects. The adaptation level determines the coping mechanism of the person. Since inputs can also be drawn within the subjects, their practice and knowledge toward to effectiveness of the DOH program regarding dengue prevention were depended on their adaptation level. Their behavior and practice depends on how they cope with their adaptation level.
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RESEARCH PARADIGM Figure 1 The variables and their relationship
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Dengue Prevention Program
Increase Knowledge and Practice on Preventing Dengue
Intervening Variable
Age Gender Educational attainment Family monthly income
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The Dengue Prevention Program as the independent variable determines the relationship of increase knowledge and practice on preventing Dengue. Added to this, is how contributing factors like age, gender, educational attainment, and family monthly income influences the increase knowledge and practice on preventing Dengue.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study sought to determine the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs in the level of knowledge and practice of selected Residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor, City. Specifically, the following questions were answered: 1. What is the profile of the selected residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, and family monthly income? 2. What is the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs in terms of: 2.1 What is the Level of Knowledge in Dengue Prevention among selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program? 2.2 What is the Level of Practice in Dengue Prevention among selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program?
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1. Is there a significant difference in the Level of Knowledge in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program? 2. Is there a significant difference in the Level of Practice in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program? 3. What is the Level of Knowledge in Dengue Prevention among selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program? 4. What is the Level of Practice in Dengue Prevention among selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program? 5. Is there a significant difference in the Level of Knowledge in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program? 6. Is there a significant difference in the Level of Practice in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program? 7. Is there significant difference in the Level of Knowledge and Practice before and after the implementation of the program?
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HYPOTHESIS The following hypothesis was tested in the study: 1. There is no significant difference in the Level of Knowledge in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program. 2. There is no significant difference in the Level of Practice in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program. 3. There is no significant difference in the Level of Knowledge in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program. 4. There is no significant difference in the Level of Practice in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program. 5. There is no significant difference in the Level of Knowledge and Practice before and after the implementation of the program.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study sought to determine the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Program in the level of knowledge and practice of selected Residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City. Findings in this study will be beneficial to the following: Residents of BagongSilang A. This study will help the subjects enhance the knowledge and practice in dengue prevention programs. The subjects will become more aware of the importance and practice the different Dengue prevention
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programs by the Department of Health and how this contributes to the success of preventing Dengue in their family. Health Care Workers. This study will give them some information about the level of knowledge and practice of the subjects. This will help them enhance and improve their ways in disseminating information on DOH programs regarding Dengue prevention. Parents. This will provide them adequate knowledge and practices that could improve their care within the family. This will enhance their awareness about programs implemented by the Department of Health in Dengue prevention and will strengthen their community involvement to programs on Dengue prevention and control. Nursing Students. This study will serve as preparation for their community exposure informing them about the level of knowledge and practice and will enable them to gain information about prevention of Dengue and the various DOH programs established in Dengue prevention and control that may contribute significantly to their community health teachings. Future Researchers. This study will provide them profound information on the level of knowledge and practice of the residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City about Dengue prevention programs by the Department of Health. Limited in literatures, this study will be a useful material in their further studies on the effectiveness of DOH programs on Dengue prevention.
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SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY The coverage of the study was limited in determining the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Program in the level of knowledge and practice of selected residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow,Bacoor, City and the study limit itself in the use of questionnaire in data gathering among residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow,Bacoor, City. Certain programs developed by the DOH such ABAKADA, 4 o clock habit, Bottoms Up and 4s Strategy were adopted and implemented into the subjects. One program is presented into the subjects per day through health teaching was done twice a week for 6 weeks. After the health teaching, the researchers implemented the program. The subjects are being taught of the proper practices presented in the health teaching. To follow-up the effectiveness of the programs to the subjects, a checklist containing the specific actions and practices that were being taught during the health teaching was used as a guide if the subjects was able to perform and has able to implement the proposed programs. The demographic variables also considered in choosing the subjects are age, gender, educational attainment, and family monthly income. The purpose of the pre test is for the researchers to know the effectiveness and compliance of the 15 selected families of Bagong Silang A,Queensrow Bacoor City to the Dengue Prevention programs based on the level of knowledge and practice prior to the implementation of the program. And the post test determines
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the result of the follow up actions by the researchers and its effect to the change in the level of knowledge and practice by the subjects.
DEFINITION OF TERMS In order to provide readers daily in reviewing this study, the following terms were operationally defined: Age. This refers to the length of years that a person has lived or existed; This was categorized to into, 15 and below, 26-36 years old, 37-47 years old, 48-59 years old and 59 and above. Educational Attainment. It refers to the level of education that a person has accomplishes. In this study it was categorized as: elementary, high school level, college and vocational. Family monthly income. Refers to the monthly earnings of the institutional workers family this was categorized as Php 5,000 below, Php 5,001-10,000, Php 10,001-15,000, Php 15,001-20,000 and 20,000 above. Gender. This refers to the sexuality of the residents whether male or female. Level of Knowledge. This refers to the level of comprehension of understanding of the residents of selected communities in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in prevention and practice of dengue. They were measured accordingly to the following mean range: 3.26- 4.0 as very high level of knowledge, 2.51- 3.25 as high level of knowledge, 1.76- 2.5 as low level of knowledge and 1.0- 1.75 as very low level of knowledge.
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Level of Practice. It refers to the practice of the subjects in relation to prevention of dengue fever. They were measured accordingly to the following mean range: 3.26- 4.0 as very high level of practice, 2.51- 3.25 as high level of practice, 1.762.5 as low level of practice, and 1.0- 1.75 as very low level of practice.
Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY
This chapter deals on the research designs that were used in the study. It was presented in the following sections: (A) Research Design, which discusses the method used in the research process including its importance and relevance of the study. (B) Population Sampling, which discusses the methods of how the total population is drawn. (C) Respondents of the study, which includes the total population and the sampling procedure used in the study. (D) Research Instruments, which were used to clarify the kind of instrument used to gather the necessary data to answer the specific problems of the instrument. (E) Validation of Instruments, which helped the researchers to improve the researchers instrument. (F) Data Gathering Procedure, which contains the procedure that the researchers followed in the distribution and retrieval of the instrument and, lastly, (G) Statistical Treatment of Data, which enumerates the statistical tools that were used in treating the data, what information the tools would provide and the formula that can be used in computing the statistical tool.
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RESEARCH DESIGN This study was the quasi experimental non randomized pretest and posttest design. This is a design in which a single group of participants takes a pretest, then receives some treatment, and then takes a posttest measure. The single group who receives the treatment is non-randomized. This type of quasiexperimental design takes two measures- before the treatment and after the treatment. The two measures can them be compared, and any differences in the measures would be assumed to be the result of the treatment. (Jackson, 2005) The researchers selected 15 families in non-randomized manner from Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor city to be the control group as well as the experimental group. A pretest contains question adopted from the DOH about dengue preventions. Implements the treatment and health teaching about DOH programs regarding dengue for six weeks and post tested to the same group, containing the same questions. The result of the two tests were then compared and analyzed.
POPULATION SAMPLING The researchers used one of the three primary methods of non probability sampling design, the purposive sampling. According to Polit and Beck (2006), purposive sampling or judgmental sampling is based on the belief that researchers knowledge about the population can be used to hand pick the cases (or types of cases) to be included in the sample. Researchers might decide purposely to select
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the widest possible variety of respondents or might choose subjects who are judged to be typical of the population in question or particularly knowledgeable about the issue under study. In the case of this study, the community of Bagong Silang A has 650 households and the researchers will only select 15 household residents in the area as subjects to answer the questionnaire that measure the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs on the level of knowledge and practice of selected residents in BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY The area of this study has a population of 3,000 taken from the records of Bagong Silang A. Queensrow. The researchers choose non probability sampling and 15 selected families from the total population of the Barangay. This study included subjects among selected 15 families in Bagong Silang A Queensrow, with age ranging from fifth-teen years old (15) to fifty-nine (59) and above. The respondents must be currently living in Bagong Silang A Queensrow, Bacoor City and has the ability to read and write and are willing to participate in the study.
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT A questionnaire which was developed by the researchers was based on the DOH programs that were used to help them gather information needed and to facilitate in the measurement of the variable to address the research problem. The
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programs that were adopted and used were ABAKADA, 4 oclock habit, Bottoms Up, 4s strategy and the use of Ovi Larvicidal trap. In order to facilitate proper understanding of the questions, it was conducted using Filipino medium and written instruction was also included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire were consists of 26 items of questions with three parts. The first part pertains to the demographic profile of subjects such as age, gender, educational attainment, and family monthly income. The second part was composed of items that assessed the level of knowledge to the effectiveness of Dengue prevention program. It consists of 13 item questions, each statement is composed of four options with the following description: 4- very high level of knowledge to the Dengue prevention programs (mean range of 3.26- 4.0), 3- high level of knowledge to the Dengue prevention programs (mean range of 2.513.25), 2- low level of knowledge to the Dengue prevention programs (mean range of 1.76- 2.5), and 1 very low level of knowledge to the Dengue prevention programs (mean range of 1.0- 1.75). The last part was composed of items that assessed the level of practice of the subjects to the effectiveness of Dengue prevention program. It consist of 13 item questions, each statement is composed of four options with the following description: 4- very high level of practice of the Dengue preventive programs (mean range of 3.26- 4.0), 3- high level of practice of the Dengue preventive programs (mean range of 2.51- 3.25), 2- low level of practice of the Dengue preventive programs (mean range of 1.76- 2.5), and 1- very
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low level of practice of the Dengue preventive programs (mean range of 1.01.75).
VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS The research instruments was subjected to the content validation by asking expert to critic the content tool, the following clinical instructors namely: Evangeline Francisco RN, MSN, Mary Eleanor Usis RN, MSN, Jennifer Ledesma, RN, MAN; Alicia Sabalvarro, RN (Nurse in Area B Health Center, Molino 3, Bacoor City); and Ms. Jocelyn Santos (Head, Research and Development Center of UPHSD- Molino Campus). The following changes were made during the content validation by the experts: statement of the problem, age bracketing, and sentence construction. Their suggestions for the improvement of the survey tool were incorporated in the questionnaire which was pre-tested to the 15 household of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the actual data gathering. This 15 household in the pre-testing of the questionnaire are not the actual subjects of this study and are not included in the total number of subjects. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE The process of gathering the data is divided into two specific phases: Phase I. Social preparation- The researchers submitted a formal letter for the approval for data gathering noted by the thesis adviser and the dean of the College of Nursing. This letter was addressed to Dr. Reynaldo San Luis III (Municipal Health Physician), Ms. Elsi Calitis (Nurse 4, Rural Health Unit), Ms.
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Irene Mateo (Nurse 2, Rural Health Unit), Hon. Catherine D. Palabrica (Barangay Captain of Bagong Silang A,Queensrow,Bacoor, City) and Ms. Violeta Bullecer (President of Home Owners Association) to allow the group to conduct the study in the said area, specifically the researchers obtained permission to distribute the questionnaires among selected families of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow,Bacoor City.
Phase II. Actual Data Gathering After gaining permission to conduct the study, the researchers started the data gathering. The researchers distributed the 26 items questionnaires to the 15 selected families for the purpose of knowing the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention programs based on their level of knowledge and practice. The pretest was done on April 28, 2012. From the actual data gathering, the initial step of the researchers was to introduce themselves and explained to the subjects the purpose of the study being conducted. A questionnaire was distributed on a house to house basis. After the distribution, the researchers instructed the subjects to read the statements carefully. There was no time limit in answering the questionnaire. After the pretest, the researchers then started the health teaching scheduled and the follow up for 6 weeks. This includes teachings about the programs that were adopted from the Department of Health such as ABAKADA, 4 oclock habit, Bottoms Up, 4s strategy and the use of Ovi Larvicidal trap. The posttest was given on June 16, 2012 containing the same content of questionnaire given during the pretest. It was only given to the subjects
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who were also able to answer the pretest. The researchers were assisted by Barangay officers of Bagong Silang A Queensrow, Bacoor City during the actual data gathering.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA The following statistical tools were used in the study. Frequency Distribution This is a systematic arrangement of values from lowest to highest; together with a count of the number of times each value was obtained (Polit and Beck, 2006). In this study, frequency distribution was used to determine the profile of the subjects in terms of age, gender, educational attainment, and family monthly income. The formula for frequency distribution and percentage is stated below: f = N Where: = the sum f= the number of times each category occurs N= the total number of subjects
Percentage Distribution. This indicates the percentage of the sample with score falling a specific group. This is particularly useful in comparing the present data with findings from other studies that have varying sample size, and obtained
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by multiplying 100. The word percent means per hundred (Burns and Grove, 2003). In this study, percentage distribution was used to determine the profile of the subjects in terms of age and gender and educational attainment and family monthly income.
The percentage formula is: % = Frequency No. of Respondents 100
Mean. The mean is the most important type of measure of central value. It is also called average. The mean of the sample data is generally employed, as an estimator (or predictor) of x, the mean of the population which is unknown (Monzon- Ybaez, 2002). The mean is equal to the sum of all values divided by the number of participants. It is the indicator of central tendency that is usually referred to as an average (Polit and Beck, 2006). In this study, mean was used to determine the level of knowledge and practice of Selected Residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before and after the program. The computation formula is: X = x N
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Where: X = mean = the sum of X = each individual raw score N = total number in a set
T-Test. This is generally being the most effective when samples are small. It will be used when there will be two independent groups (Polit and Beck, 2006). This test was used to find out the significant difference on the Level of Knowledge and Practice of Selected Residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City when they are group according to gender and also were used to determine the significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice on Dengue prevention of the subjects before and after the programs. The computation formula is: T= X 1 X2 S12 + S22 N1 Where: X 1= mean of the 1st group X2 = mean of the 2nd group S1 and S2= computed standard deviation N1 andN2 = total number of respondents N2
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Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F- Test. The simple ANOVA involves testing the differences between the means of more than two groups on one factor or dimension (Salkind, 2004). This test was used to determine the significant difference on the Level of Knowledge and Practice of Selected Residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program. The process of computing the F- Test: 1. Compute the mean of each group. 2. Compute the sum of squares within the group. 3. Compute the sum of square within the groups. The computation formula is: F= Msb Msw Where: F= fishers ratio Msb= the mean of squares between group Msw= the mean of square between groups
Duncan Mean Range Test (DMRT). Is also called the multiple comparison procedure, which is commonly used after obtaining a significant ANOVA test. The significant ANOVA result suggests rejecting the null hypothesis (Garcia, 2004).
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The test was used to determine where the significance lies when the subjects were group according to educational attainment. The computation formula is: Rp= msw (1 + 1) ninj Where: Rp= least significant ranges msw= mean square within group ni= sample size of the ith grouped nj= sample size of the jth grouped
Chapter 3 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the gathered data in response to the questions stated in this study. Problem 1. What is the profile of selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City when they were grouped according to age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income?
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Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Age Figure shows the profile of selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City when they were grouped according to age. They were divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) 15 25 year old, (b) 26 36 year old, (c) 37 47 year old, (d) 48 58 year old and (e) 59 year old and above. Figure 2 Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Age
Figure shows the percentage distribution of the profile of the subjects when they were grouped according to age. It shows that out of 28 subjects, majority of them were from the age group 26 - 36 year old with 36% share in the distribution. In addition, there were 24% and 18% of them who belong to the age group 15 25 year old and 37 47 year old, respectively. Lastly, subjects under the age group of 48 58 year old and 59 year old and above have an equal share in the distribution with 11% each group.
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This means that majority of the subjects belong to ages 26-36 years old when they are grouped according to age. People in their early 20s are in their prime physical years. The human body is at its most efficient functioning when it comes to physical, mental, social, emotional activities at about age 25 onwards. Young adults are typically busy people who face many challenges. They are expected to assume new roles at work, in the home and in the community (Nelson and Barry, 2005). They belong to the young-aged adulthood (18- 40) and this is supported by Erik Erikson Psychosocial Development Theory. According to him, this age group needs to achieve essential quality of intimacy, (an ability to care about others and to share experiences with them. Young adults have dealt their economic standing. Dedication to beliefs and goals that are important to young adults set them up for later commitments once they hit early adulthood. Young adults who have gained a sense of intimacy do not mind being alone but when put in social situations are understanding and open-minded with others. On the other hand, young adults who have not gained that intimate attitude and who have moved more towards isolation are not as accepting and do not form close bonds with others they come in contact with (Ewen, 2010). In relation to the study of Gould (2000), people of this age become more fully functioning when it comes to physical and mental activities. They are the ones who are physically and mentally active in doing things related to their individual
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daily living. People at this age usually stay at home to look up for their children and perform household chores.
Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Gender Figure shows the profile of selected residents of Bagong Silang Queensrow, Bacoor City when they were grouped according to gender. They were classified into two (2) groups, namely; (a) male and (b) female. Figure 3 Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Gender
Figure shows the percentage distribution of the profile of the subjects when they were grouped according to gender. It shows that out of 28 respondents, dominant majority of them were female with 79%. On the other hand, there were 215 who were male respondents. This concludes that the majority of the subjects were female.
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Supporting this result is the report of the National Statistic Coordination Board (2001), 27 out of 100 Pinoys aged 25-64 have completed at least secondary education. Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Educational Attainment Figure shows the profile of selected residents of BagongSilang A Queensrow, Bacoor City when they were grouped according to educational attainment. They were categorized into four (4) groups, namely; (a) elementary, (b) secondary, (c) college and (d) vocational. Figure 4 Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Educational Attainment
Figure shows the percentage distribution of the profile of the subjects when they were grouped according to educational attainment. It shows that out of 28 subjects, almost half of them or 47% were at least able to reach secondary education. Also, there were 32% who were just until elementary education. Finally,
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there subjects with college and vocational education have an equal percentage share in the distribution with 11% each group. This concludes that the majority of the subjects reached secondary education. This was supported by the report of National Statistic Coordination Board (2001), 27 out of 100 Pinoys aged 25- 64 have completed at least secondary education.
Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Family Monthly Income Figure shows the profile of selected residents of Bagong Silang Queensrow, Bacoor City when they were grouped according to family monthly income. They were divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) Php5,000.00 and below, (b) Php5,001.00 10,000.00, (c) Php10,001.00 15,000.00, (d) Php15,001.00 20,000.00 and (e) Php20,001.00 and above.
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Figure 5 Profile of Selected Residents of Bagong Silang A Queensrow, Bacoor City according to Family Monthly Income
Figure shows the percentage distribution of the profile of the subjects when they were grouped according to family monthly income. It shows that out of 28 subjects, dominant majority of them have a family monthly income of Php5,000.00 and below having a total percentage share of 82%. Also, there were 115 of them who have Php10,001.00 15,000.00 monthly income. Lastly, there were 7% of them who have 5,0001.00 10,000.00 as their family monthly income. However, it shows that there was no respondent who have a family monthly income of Php15,001.00 20,000.00 as well as Php20,001.00 and above. This conclude that majority of the family earns Php5,000 and below. Supported by this is according to Lin (2011), family income makes the family comfortable and provide the necessities of the members. Families who earn less are those who have only completed low level of education.
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This could be attributed that without any formal education, people are more likely to have no descent job which could result in earning less money.
Problem 2. What is the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention programs in terms of: Problem 2.1. What is the level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of Bagong Silang Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program?
Level of Knowledge in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents before the Program The table shows the list of questions being asked to the subjects about the level of knowledge in dengue prevention before the implementation of program. And answers on the following statements is interpreted as very high level of knowledge with a range of 3.26-4.00, high level of knowledge with range of 2.513.25, low level of knowledge with range of 1.76- 2.50, and last is very low level of knowledge with a range of 1.00-1.75 that were used to classify the answer of the subjects.
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Table 1 Level of Knowledge in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents before the Program
Statement 1. I know that Dengue can be acquired through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which usually occur in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. 2. I know that Dengue cases increases during rainy seasons like in the months of June- November. 3. I know that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are found in areas with clear and stagnant water. 4. I know that blood test (platelet count) is the laboratory test used to diagnose Dengue. 5. I know that having fever which may last for 2- 7 days, muscle pain, skin rashes, epistaxis, and vomiting are some signs and symptoms of Dengue. 6.I know that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a complication of Dengue if not cured and treated immediately. 7. I know that the Department of Health has launched programs about Dengue prevention. 8. I know that the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health traps the eggs of the mosquitoes. 9. I know that removal of water in flower vases once in a week can avoid mosquitoes from laying their eggs. 10. I know that closed containers and pales that are used for storing water can help prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs. 11. I know that clothes that cover the hands and feet can lessen the chances of being bitten by mosquitoes. 12. I know that the cleanliness of the gutter of the roof of the house can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes. 13. I know that puncturing and embedded soil on unused tires can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes. Overall Mean 2.54 3.00 3.14 2.89 2.96 SD 0.7451 0.8972 0.9466 0.8549 0.8777 Interpretation High High High High High
2.71 2.89 2.68 3.32 3.32 2.71 3.14
0.8001 0.8684 0.7933 1.0085 1.0153 0.8047 0.9414
High High High Very High Very High High High
2.93 2.94
0.8702 0.8787
High High
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The table shows that 2 items has a highest mean score of 3.32, items 9 and 10. Item 9 has a standard deviation of 1.0085 for the statement regarding the knowledge of removal of water in flower vases once in a week can avoid mosquitoes from laying their eggs and item 10 has a standard deviation of 1.0153 for the statement regarding the knowledge about the closed containers and pales that are used for storing water can help prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs. These 2 were interpreted as very high level of knowledge before the program. Item 1 has the lowest mean score of 2.54 with a standard deviation of 0.7451. This item states that Dengue can be acquired through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which usually occur in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset and is interpreted as high level of knowledge. Overall computed mean level of knowledge in dengue prevention before the program implementation as 2.94 which verbally interpreted as high level. Result means that there is a high level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program. This result is contradicting to the study of Salomon (2001), he discovered a moderate awareness on the dengue programs of DOH among its 287 student subjects showed moderate awareness level. Moreover, another contradicting study is from Alcatraz (2000) found out a satisfactory knowledge on dengue fever and other communicable diseases to 300 workers in Carsadang Bago and Alapan IC.
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This study was supported by the study of Constantianus, JM et.al (2006). They stated that only knowledge of preventive measures had a significant and beneficial effect on container protection practice. Conversely, better container management practice did have a considerable impact on Aedes.
aegypti populations. Measures that prevent mosquitoes from developing in waterholding containers, covering containers, and/or placing larvivorous fish in containers, were effective in reducing Aedes aegypti pupae. One should keep in mind that the most effective control measure should be compatible with water use practices. Larval control measures also had a considerable impact on the adult populations, whereas preventive measures against adult mosquitoes had no effect or seemed to have effects opposite of what was desired. Contrary to this is the study of Rosas, et. al (2007), result shows that the subjects in Carsadang Bago and Alapan IC, Imus, Cavite are moderately aware on the DOH programs regarding Dengue fever.
Problem 2.2. What is the level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program?
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Level of Practice in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents before the Program The table shows the list of questions being asked to the subjects about the level of practice in dengue prevention before the implementation of program. And the answer on the following statements is interpreted as very high level of practice with a range of 3.26-4.00, high level of practice with range of 2.51-3.25, low level of practice with range of 1.76- 2.50, and last is very low level of practice with a range of 1.00-1.75 that were used to classify the answer of the subjects.
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Table 2 Level of Practice in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents before the Program Statement 1. I use mosquito repellant on my body every time I goes out the house. 2. I avoid staying outside the house in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. 3. I clean and dispose all unusable items that can collect and store water during rainy seasons. 4. I avoid areas with clear and stagnant water. 5. I consult the clinic upon experiencing the signs and symptoms of Dengue. 6. I undergo blood test (platelet count) upon experiencing the signs and symptoms of dengue. 7. I practice the programs regarding Dengue prevention by the Department of Health. 8. I place the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health outside the house protected from the sun and rainfall. 9. I clean and change the water in flower vases once in a week. 10. I close all containers and pales that are used for storing water. 11. I wear clothes that cover my hands and feet. 12. I clean of the gutter of the roof of the house once in a month. 13. I puncture an embed soil on unused tires Overall Mean 1.79 1.71 2.82 2.39 2.36 1.79 1.96 1.61 2.29 2.64 1.96 1.93 1.75 2.08 SD 0.5165 0.5043 0.8294 0.6962 0.6883 0.5189 0.5707 0.4702 0.6646 0.7777 0.5753 0.5605 0.5073 0.6061 Interpretation Low Very Low High Low Low Low Low Very Low Low High Low Low Low Low
The table shows that Item 3 has highest mean score of 2.82 with a standard deviation of 0.8294. This item states the practice of cleaning and disposing all unusable items that can collect and store water during rainy seasons. This is interpreted as high level of practice in dengue prevention before the program. Item 8 have the lowest mean score of 1.61 with a standard deviation of 0.4702. This
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item states the practice of placing the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health outside the house protected from the sun and rainfall. This is interpreted as very low level of practice in dengue prevention before the program. Overall computed mean level of practice in dengue prevention before the program implementation as 2.08 which verbally interpreted as low level. Results mean that there is a low level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City. This is supported by Stoler, et. al (2011) which stated that container survey resulted in very high infestation levels as measured by Breateau. This could be attributed that with this result, thesubjects of the study is aware and practices the cleaning and disposing of items that can collect water to prevent Dengue. The low level of practice towards the use of Ovi Larvicidal Trap was attributed because of the recent implementation of this trap to the public. The people are not yet aware of what it is and its usage towards Dengue prevention.
Problem 3. Is there a significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program? Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program.
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Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Age before the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to age before the program. The age was divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) 15 25 year old, (b) 26 36 year old, (c) 37 47 year old, (d) 48 58 year old and (e) 59 year old and above.
Table 3
Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Age before the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 1.216 10.762 11.978 4 23 27 Mean Square 0.304 0.468 F - value 0.650 Significance 0.633
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.650 with 0.633 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age before the program implementation is accepted.
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This means that age did not influence the level of knowledge before the implementation of the program. This shows that there is a high level of knowledge of dengue prevention in all age groups in the study. This is supported by Haleem (2005) which stated that age is being correlated with the persons level of knowledge regarding Dengue. It is believed that a persons level of knowledge grows with age.
Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Gender before the Program T-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to gender before the program. They were classified into two (2) groups, namely; (a) male and (b) female.
Table 4 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Gender before the Program Gender Female Male Overall N 22 6 28 Mean 2.9436 2.0383 2.4910 SD 0.7222 0.4434 0.5828 df 26 t value - 0.303 Significance 0.764
Table shows the overall computed t value of 0.303 with 0.764 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that
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there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender before the program implementation is accepted. It is concluded that gender do not influence the level of knowledge of the subjects before the implementation of the program. This supports the study of Koenradt, C, et.al (2006), men and women have different habits and have different lifestyle. Men, who are usually away from home to work for living, may have less knowledge. These researchers conducted a survey among the residents of Thailand regarding the level of knowledge of both men and women; the survey revealed that females were more knowledgeable than men. This is in contradiction to the study of Akintayo (2010) on the family role conflict in Nigeria where findings established that there was a significant but negative contribution of family role conflict in the subjects.
Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment before the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to educational attainment before the program. They were categorized into four (4) groups, namely; (a) elementary, (b) secondary, (c) college and (d) vocational.
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Table 5 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment before the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 2.572 9.406 11.978 3 24 27 Mean Square 0.857 0.392 F - value 2.188 Significance 0.036
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 2.188 with 0.036 significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of educational attainment before the program implementation is rejected. The DMRT shows that subjects that reached elementary education have lower level of knowledge than those respondents who had reached college education. This means that educational attainment has influence in the level of knowledge of the subjects before the implementation of program. The finding is supported by the study of Thomson W and Hickey J ( 2005) American class structure. College graduates find it easier to obtain and evaluate such information. They have highest level of knowledge because they have achieved a bachelor degree high school, elementary and vocational graduates tend to have a lesser level of learning when compared to college subject because
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they only have limited learning. Another study by Alcatraz (2000) shows agreement to the finding of this research. It found out that there is significant relationship of educational attainment to the level of awareness on DOH programs in combating Dengue fever. Contrary to the study of Hipolito (2004) where role performance, technical knowledge, and competence are not entirely dependent on the type of curriculum finished. Other factors such as experience, and interaction with other people, have a major contribution to role performance, technical knowledge and competence.
Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income before the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to family monthly income before the program. . They were divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) Php5,000.00 and below, (b) Php5,001.00 10,000.00, (c) Php10,001.00 15,000.00, (d) Php15,001.00 20,000.00 and (e) Php20,001.00 and above.
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Table 6 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income before the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 0.110 11.868 11.978 2 25 27 Mean Square 0.055 0.475 F value Significance 0.116 0.891
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.116 with 0.891 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family income before the program implementation is accepted. This means that family monthly income did not influence the subjects level of knowledge before the implementation of the program. The finding was contrary to the result of the study by Coop (2003). Findings in her study shows that children growing up in low family income may suffer from poverty and develop delays and leaving disabilities than children from higher income homes. This may impact overall learning.
Problem 4. Is there a significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A ,Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of
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age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program? Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program. Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Age before the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to age before the program. The age was divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) 15 25 year old, (b) 26 36 year old, (c) 37 47 year old, (d) 48 58 year old and (e) 59 year old and above.
Table 7 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Age before the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 1.116 8.644 9.760 4 23 27 Mean Square 0.279 0.376 F - value 0.742 Significance 0.573
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.742 with 0.573 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected
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residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age before the program implementation is accepted. This means the age did not influence the level of practice of the subjects before the implementation of the program. Contradicting this is the study of Howard Negash et al. (2007) which stated that practice also seems to play an important role; it results of the latter study clearly show that even after extended practice. Older adults remain unable to practice a complex sequence unlike younger participant and despite the fact that they exhibit good performance on a simple sequence.
Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Gender before the Program T-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to gender before the program. They were classified into two (2) groups, namely; (a) male and (b) female.
Table 8 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Gender before the Program Gender Female Male Overall N 22 6 28 Mean 2.2536 1.6400 1.9468 SD 0.5837 0.4077 0.4957 Df 26 t - value 2.404 Significance 0.024
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Table shows the overall computed t value of 2.404 with 0.024 significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender before the program implementation is rejected. This implies that gender influence the level of practice of the subjects before the implementation of the program. Female subjects show higher level of practice than male subjects. Supported by the study of Khan, et al (2008) and Lennon (2007), wherein it concluded that female are more aware on ways on preventing Dengue than males. Another study of Klein (2005), women are drawn to communal roles. These include concern for others. Men tend to seek and behave as a genetic which focuses on independence role. This implies support to the finding of this study. This is in accordance to the study of Akintayo (2010) on the family role conflict in Nigeria where findings established that there was a significant but negative contribution of family role conflict in the subjects. Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment before the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to educational attainment before the program. They were categorized into four (4) groups, namely; (a) elementary, (b) secondary, (c) college and (d) vocational.
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Table 9 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment before the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 1.309 8.451 9.760 3 24 27 Mean Square 0.436 0.352 F - value 1.239 Significance 0.318
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 1.239 with 0.318 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of educational attainment before the program implementation is accepted. This means that educational attainment did not influence the level of practice of the subjects before the implementation of the program. This is in accordance to the study of Nahida, Ahmed (2004). The level of education status had no association with the practice of dengue prevention. This does not mean that education was not important factor but there might be other factors which will fall shortly to apply education into practice. One reason might be educated people will have more of other responsibilities and have less time to practice prevention of dengue. People are acquainted with the correct way to do things but they are careless to put them into practice.
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In conformance to the study of Hipolito (2004) where role performance, technical knowledge, and competence are not entirely dependent on the type of curriculum finished. Other factors such as experience, and interaction with other people, have a major contribution to role performance, technical knowledge and competence.
Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income before the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to family monthly income before the program. .They were divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) Php5,000.00 and below, (b) Php5,001.00 10,000.00, (c) Php10,001.00 15,000.00, (d) Php15,001.00 20,000.00 and (e) Php20,001.00 and above. Table 10 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income before the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 0.212 9.548 9.760 2 25 27 Mean Square 0.106 0.382 F - value 0.278 Significance 0.760
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.278 with 0.760 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that
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there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family monthly income before the program implementation is accepted. This shows that family monthly income did not influence the level of practice of the subjects before the implementation of the program. Contradicting this result is the study of Gubler (2003), subjects were aware of the anti-dengue drive programs but with low income, the subjects show less compliance in protecting their family.
Problem 5. What is the level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program? Level of Knowledge in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents after the Program The table shows the list of questions being asked to the subjects about the level of knowledge in dengue prevention after the implementation of program. And the answer on the following statements is interpreted as very high level of knowledge with a range of 3.26-4.00, high level of knowledge with range of 2.51-3.25, low level of knowledge with range of 1.76- 2.50, and last is very low level of knowledge with a range of 1.00-1.75 that will use to classify the answer of the subjects.
Table 11
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Level of Knowledge in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents after the Program Statement 1. I know that Dengue can be acquired through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which usually occur in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. 2. I know that Dengue cases increases during rainy seasons like in the months of June- November. 3. I know that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are found in areas with clear and stagnant water. 4. I know that blood test (platelet count) is the laboratory test used to diagnose Dengue. 5. I know that having fever which may last for 2- 7 days, muscle pain, skin rashes, epistaxis, and vomiting are some signs and symptoms of Dengue. 6. I know that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a complication of Dengue if not cured and treated immediately. 7. I know that the Department of Health has launched programs about Dengue prevention. 8. I know that the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health traps the eggs of the mosquitoes. 9. I know that removal of water in flower vases once in a week can avoid mosquitoes from laying their eggs. 10. I know that closed containers and pales that are used for storing water can help prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs. 11. I know that clothes that cover the hands and feet can lessen the chances of being bitten by mosquitoes. 12. I know that the cleanliness of the gutter of the roof of the house can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes. 13. I know that puncturing and embedded soil on unused tires can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes. Overall Mean 3.54 SD 1.0822 Interpretation Very High
3.86 3.79 3.64 3.89
1.2427 1.2118 1.1408 1.2644
Very High Very High Very High Very High
3.54 3.82 3.75
1.0861 1.2333 1.2161
Very High Very High Very High
3.82
1.2333
Very High
3.89
1.2644
Very High
3.68
1.1721
Very High
3.89
1.2644
Very High
3.71 3.76
1.1826 1.1996
Very High Very High
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The table shows that 3 items has the highest mean score of 3.89. These 3 items has the same standard deviation of 1.2644. Item 5 as stated as having fever which may last for 2- 7 days, muscle pain, skin rashes, epistaxis, and vomiting are some signs and symptoms of Dengue. Item 10 as stated as closed containers and pales that are used for storing water can help prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs and last item 12 as stated that the cleanliness of the gutter of the roof of the house can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes. These are interpreted as very high level of knowledge after the program. The 2 items has the lowest mean of 3.54.Item 1 with a standard deviation of 1.0822 which stated that Dengue can be acquired through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which usually occur in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset and item 6 which stated that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a complication of Dengue if not cured and treated immediately. These 2 items were interpreted as very high level of knowledge after the program. Overall computed mean level of knowledge in dengue prevention after the program implementation as 3.76 which verbally interpreted as very high level. Results mean that there is a very high level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A Queensrow, Bacoor, City after the program. In the related study of Scott TW, Morrison AC, (2003), the knowledge of dengue disease symptoms was much lower, especially the dengue specific symptoms of bleeding and rash, knowledge about other important signs such as
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shock was insufficient. This could indicate that people are not always able to distinguish dengue infection from other diseases. This is a concern and it needs due attention because by making the community aware of the specific signs and symptoms of dengue, we can expect early health care seeking behavior for severe cases and provide prompt and timely management. Knowledge of more common symptoms or disease course also needs to be improved as the majority of the subjetcs equated fever with dengue. Three manifestations of dengue are currently known; dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. However, fever is the most common presenting symptom in all of them. In the study of Benthem et al. in their study carried out in Northern Thailand , rash or bleeding is a specific symptom of dengue infection and not common in other febrile illnesses indicating that the majority of people can distinguish dengue infection from other diseases. These responses showed that the awareness of symptoms was good. Knowledge of preventive measures in our study improved practices by reducing the numbers of unprotected containers, whereas knowledge of dengue symptoms and development sites had no effect and opposite effect, respectively, on unprotected containers. This suggests that more emphasis should be put on practical ways to prevent dengue in educational campaigns, especially on how to get rid of development sites. Although it was not directly associated with better practice, knowledge of symptoms is important to recognize the severity of
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dengue at an early stage because this can lead to proper case management, which saves lives. According to WHO guidelines on dengue, the Aedes aegypti mosquito typically bites during the day. A considerable proportion of respondents regarded Anopheles mosquito (malarial vector) and Aedes Aegypti to have similar characteristics and habitat, along with their transmission patterns. This is most likely due to high prevalence of malaria causing Anopheles mosquito in Pakistan, the knowledge about which is generalized to the dengue mosquito by the common person. Despite the fact that majority of the people had heard about dengue somewhere, a good proportion did possess deficiencies in their knowledge about the disease. A large number of people considered dengue to be contagious, and an almost equal number were not sure whether it has personto-person transmission. These findings are consistent with similar studies done in the South Asian region.
Problem 6. What is the level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program? Level of Practice in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents after the Program
The table shows the list of questions being asked to the subjects about the level of practice in dengue prevention before the implementation of program. And
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the answer on the following statements is interpreted as very high level of practice with a range of 3.26-4.00, high level of practice with range of 2.51-3.25, low level of practice with range of 1.76- 2.50, and last is very low level of practice with a range of 1.00-1.75 that will use to classify the answer of the respondents
Table 12 Level of Practice in Dengue Prevention among the Respondents after the Program Statement 1. I use mosquito repellant on my body every time I goes out the house. 2. I avoid staying outside the house in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. 3. I clean and dispose all unusable items that can collect and store water during rainy seasons. 4. I avoid areas with clear and stagnant water. 5. I consult the clinic upon experiencing the signs and symptoms of Dengue. 6. I undergo blood test (platelet count) upon experiencing the signs and symptoms of dengue. 7. I practice the programs regarding Dengue prevention by the Department of Health. 8. I place the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health outside the house protected from the sun and rainfall. 9. I clean and change the water in flower vases once in a week. 10. I close all containers and pales that are used for storing water. 11. I wear clothes that cover my hands and feet. 12. I clean of the gutter of the roof of the house once in a month. 13. I puncture an embed soil on unused tires Overall Mean 3.39 2.79 3.54 3.29 3.43 3.14 3.39 3.39 3.25 3.79 3.39 3.21 3.32 3.33 SD 1.0539 0.8185 1.0861 0.9873 1.0462 0.9392 1.0438 1.0353 0.9834 1.2118 1.0297 0.9774 0.9998 1.0163 Interpretation Very High High Very High Very High Very High High Very High Very High High Very High Very High High Very High Very High
The table shows that item 10 has highest mean score of 3.79 with a standard deviation of 1.2118 which states that closing the all containers and pales
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that are used for storing water .This is interpreted as very high level of practice after the program while the item 2 has the lowest mean score of 2.79 with a standard deviation of 0.8185 which stated if the subjects avoid staying outside the house in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. This is interpreted as high level of practice after the program. Overall computed mean level of practice in dengue prevention after the program implementation as 3.33 which verbally interpreted as very high level. Result means that there is a very high level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A Queensrow Bacoor City after the program. In a contradicting study of Thomas Scott, although there is high level of knowledge in the study in Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand, found only little evidence that this knowledge was put into practice. Only knowledge of preventive measures had a significant and beneficial effect on container protection practice. Conversely, better container management practice did have a considerable impact on Ae. aegyptipopulations. Measures that prevent mosquitoes from developing in water-holding containers, such as adding Abate to containers, covering containers, and/or placing larvivorous fish in containers, were effective in reducing Ae. aegypti pupae. One should keep in mind that the most effective control measure should be compatible with water use practices. Larval control measures also had a considerable impact on the adult populations, whereas
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preventive measures against adult mosquitoes had no effect or seemed to have effects opposite of what was desired. Supported by the study of Scott (2004), people are not aware of what time mosquitoes attack their hosts. This could be attributed that although people has knowledge on how to prevent mosquito bites, less compliance is done due to most of the activities of the people are done outside the house.
Problem 7. Is there a significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program? Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program.
Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Age after the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to age after the program. The age was divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) 15 25 year old, (b) 26 36 year old, (c) 37 47 year old, (d) 48 58 year old and (e) 59 year old and above.
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Table 13 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Age after the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 0.656 3.672 4.328 4 23 27 Mean Square 0.164 0.160 F - value 1.027 Significance 0.414
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 1.027 with 0.414 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age after the program implementation is accepted. This means that age did not influence level of knowledge of the subjects after the implementation of the program. The finding of this study is contrary to the study of Miller (2003) stated that age difference in knowledge affect on various outcomes, in particular, memory performance. Knowledge may enable individuals to pay attention to relatively more salient aspect of the task, organize elements more quickly, and create more elaborate and effective retrieval structures in a time frame.
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Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Gender after the Program T-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to gender after the program. They were classified into two (2) groups, namely; (a) male and (b) female.
Table 14 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Gender after the Program Gender Female Male Overall N 22 6 28 Mean 3.7795 3.5900 3.6848 SD 0.3575 0.5430 0.4503 Df 26 t - value 1.029 Significance 0.313
Table shows the overall computed t value of 1.029 with 0.313 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender after the program implementation is accepted. This means that gender did not influence the level of knowledge of the subjects after the implementation of the program. The study of Van Liere and Dunlap (2005) shows contradicting result to the finding. They stated that women convey greater assessed scientific knowledge than do men even after motivational factors. Also, women express slightly greater
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concern about their environment than do men. And this gender divide is not accounted for by differences in key values and beliefs or in the social roles that men and women differentially perform in society. Women were more environmentally concerned in those topical areas that refer to household behavior, whereas men knew more about environmental problems. This is in contradiction to the study of Akintayo (2010) on the family role conflict in Nigeria where findings established that there was a significant but negative contribution of family role conflict in the subjects.
Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment after the Program
F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to educational attainment after the program. They were categorized into four (4) groups, namely; (a) elementary, (b) secondary, (c) college and (d) vocational. Table 15 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment after the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 0.226 4.102 4.328 3 24 27 Mean Square 0.075 0.171 F - value 0.441 Significance 0.726
Between Groups
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Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.441 with 0.726 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of educational attainment after the program implementation is accepted. This means that educational attainment did not influence the level of knowledge of the subjects after the implementation of the program. Contradicting this result is the study of Koeniaadt, et al, (2006) person with more formal education improves more about dengue if positive reinforcement involves compared person with less schooling. The school environment is excellence for the art of an educational module of dengue, principally because of its division by age and level of knowledge, allowing teaching to be conducted at different level of complexity. This is supported by the study of Hipolito (2004) where role performance, technical knowledge, and competence are not entirely dependent on the type of curriculum finished. Other factors such as experience, and interaction with other people, have a major contribution to role performance, technical knowledge and competence.
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Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income after the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Knowledge according to family monthly income after the program. . They were divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) Php5,000.00 and below, (b) Php5,001.00 10,000.00, (c) Php10,001.00 15,000.00, (d) Php15,001.00 20,000.00 and (e) Php20,001.00 and above.
Table 16 Level of Knowledge of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income after the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 0.191 4.137 4.328 2 25 27 Mean Square 0.096 0.165 F - value 0.577 Significance 0.568
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.577 with 0.568 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family monthly income after the program implementation is accepted. This means that family income did not influence the level of knowledge of the subjects after the implementation of the program.
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This finding supports the study of Luz P et al, (2009) even after changes has occur that can have a huge effect on household income, especially for poorest sectors of society with monthly incomes lower than the direct cost of the disease.
Problem 8. Is there a significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program? Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program. Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Age after the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to age after the program. The age was divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) 15 25 year old, (b) 26 36 year old, (c) 37 47 year old, (d) 48 58 year old and (e) 59 year old and above. Table 17 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Age after the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of df Square 1.041 5.981 7.022 4 23 27 Mean Square 0.260 0.260 F - value 1.001 Significance 0.427
Between Groups
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Table shows the overall computed F value of 1.001 with 0.427 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age after the program implementation is accepted. This means that age did not influence the level of practice of the subjects after the implementation of the program. The result above shows that age does not contribute to the change in the response of the subjects even after the implementation of the program. But this result is contradicting to the finding of Welford (2009). Older subjects tend to improve more slowly than younger in task that require the making of movements which are complex, unfamiliar, or not guided by a display. When simple movements directly related to a display are required, older subjects tend to improve as fast as or faster than younger.
Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Gender after the Program T-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to gender after the program. They were classified into two (2) groups, namely; (a) male and (b) female.
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Table 18 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Gender after the Program Gender Female Male Overall N 22 6 28 Mean 3.4377 3.0017 3.2197 SD 0.4691 0.5487 0.5089 Df 26 t - value 1.951 Significance 0.042
Table shows the overall computed t value of 1.951 with 0.042significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender after the program implementation is rejected. This implies that gender influence the level of practice of the subjects after the implementation of the program. Female subjects had higher level of practice compared to male. The result is supported by the study of Van, et. al, (2008). According to him, females show higher levels than men in the open field. They acquire more task than males. The study of Benget, et. al,(1995 )also supports this finding. Gender roles are constructed from a complex web of influences, some of this effects we control, others we do not. But another study by Fox, 2009 shows a contrary result. According to him women are more likely to be less active than men. This is supported by the study of Akintayo (2010) on the family role conflict in Nigeria where findings established that there was a significant but negative contribution of family role conflict in the subjects.
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Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment after the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to educational attainment after the program. They were categorized into four (4) groups, namely; (a) elementary, (b) secondary, (c) college and (d) vocational.
Table 19 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Educational Attainment after the Program Source Variation Within Groups of Sum of Df Square 1.238 5.784 3 24 Mean Square 0.413 0.241 F - value 1.712 Significance 0.049
Between Groups
Overall 7.022 27 Table shows the overall computed F value of 1.712 with 0.049 significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age after the program implementation is rejected. The DMRT shows a respondent with vocational level of education has lower level of practice compared to college graduates, secondary and elementary after the implementation of the program.
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This means that educational attainment influence the level of practice of the subjects after the implementation of the program. The finding is being supported by the study of Kenkel, (2003), Nayga, (2000),de Walque,(2007) which stated that better educated people have improve behaviors because better educated people find it easier to obtain and evaluate such information. Another study shows support this finding. From Cowell, (2006) which stated that more education an individual has, the greater his/ her sense of personal control. This is contrary to the study of Hipolito (2004) where role performance, technical knowledge, and competence are not entirely dependent on the type of curriculum finished. Other factors such as experience, and interaction with other people, have a major contribution to role performance, technical knowledge and competence.
Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income after the Program F-test was used to determine the significant difference in the Level of Practice according to family monthly income after the program. . They were divided into five (5) groups, namely; (a) Php5,000.00 and below, (b) Php5,001.00 10,000.00, (c) Php10,001.00 15,000.00, (d) Php15,001.00 20,000.00 and (e) Php20,001.00 and above.
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Table 20 Level of Practice of the Respondents according to Family Monthly Income after the Program Source Variation Within Groups Overall of Sum of Df Square 0.311 6.711 7.022 2 25 27 Mean Square 0.156 0.268 F - value 0.579 Significance 0.568
Between Groups
Table shows the overall computed F value of 0.579 with 0.568 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family monthly income after the program implementation is accepted. This means that family monthly income did not influence the level of practice of the subjects after the implementation of the program. The result is contrary to the study of Lin (2011) which stated that the idea of money can activate 2 motives: being independent and autonomous and interpersonal insensitivity to others. Which therefore contribute to increase the peoples drive to provide the necessities of the family.
Problem 9. Is there a significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice before and after the implementation of the program?
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Hypothesis: There is no significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice before and after the implementation of the program. Level of Knowledge and Practice before and after the Implementation of the Program T-test was used to determine the significance difference on the Level of Knowledge and Practice before and after the implementation of the program
Table 21 Level of Knowledge and Practice before and after the Implementation of the Program Aspect Knowledge Practice Before Mean 2.94 2.08 SD 0.8787 0.6061 3.76 3.33 After Mean SD 1.2002 1.0163 df 27 t value 4.666 4.599 Remarks Significant* Significant*
*Significant at 0.05 level of significant with 27 degrees of freedom and critical tabular value of 1.701
Table shows the overall computed t value of 4.666 and 4.599 for level of knowledge and practice before and after the program implementation, respectively, which are both greater than the critical tabular value of 1.701 at 0.05 level of significance with 27 degrees of freedom. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice before and after the implementation of the program is rejected.
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This implies that there is a significant difference in the level of knowledge and practice by the subjects before and after the implementation of the program. The level of knowledge after the implementation of the program has very high level compared to high level of knowledge before the implementation of the program. The level of practice after the implementation of the program has very high level compared to the low level of practice before the implementation of the program. Thus the program implemented was effective The result is being supported by the study of Fullan, (2002) which stated that attending too closely to information overlooks the social context that help people understand what the information might mean and why it matters. Identifying the practices usually goes reasonably well, but when it comes to transferring and using knowledge, the organization often flounders. Further it was supported by the study of Pusas (2010), positive reinforcement increases the probability that a person will have the motivation to perform certain behavior. This was also supported by Bern (2000), people are observers for themselves. The human mind also has a tendency to justify whatever the person does. So changing the behavior changes the justifications.
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Chapter 4 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter deals with the summary and findings inclusive of the conclusions and recommendations in response to the issues being raised in this study.
Summary This study determined the Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Program on the Level of Knowledge and Practice of Selected Residents in BagongSilang A, Queensrow Bacoor City before and after the program. Likewise, it attempted to determine if demographic factors such as age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income have difference with the independent and dependent variables in the study. Specifically, this study answered the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the Selected Residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow Bacoor City when they are grouped according to age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income? 2. The Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention program in terms of: 2.1 The level of knowledge in dengue prevention before the program. 2.2 The level of practice in dengue prevention before the program.
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3. Is there a significant difference in the level of knowledge in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program? 4. Is there a significant difference in the level of practice in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program? 5. What is the level of knowledge in dengue prevention among selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow Bacoor City after the program? 6. What is the level of practice in dengue prevention among selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow Bacoor City after the program? 7. Is there a significant difference in the level of knowledge in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program? 8. Is there a significant difference in the level of practice in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program? 9. Is there a significant difference in the Level of Knowledge and Practice before and after the program.
The study composed of 28 subjects from 15 selected families in BagongSilang A, Queensrow, with age ranging from fifth-teen years old to fifty-nine years old and above. A questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on DOH
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programs that helped us to gather information needed in the measurement of the variable that addressed the research problem. The questionnaire was consist of 26 items of questions with three parts that included the demographic profile, items that assessed the level of knowledge in dengue prevention program with four options that interpreted as 4 very high level of knowledge with mean range of 3.26 - 4.00, 3 as high level of knowledge with mean range of 2.51 -. 3.25, 2 as low level of knowledge with mean range of 1.76 2.50 and 1 as very low level of knowledge with mean range of 1.00 1.75, and the last were items that assessed the level of practice in dengue prevention program with four options that interpreted as 4 very high level of practice with mean range of 3.26 - 4.00, 3 as high level of practice with mean range of 2.51 -. 3.25, 2 as low level of practice with mean range of 1.76 2.50 and 1 as very low level of practice with mean range of 1.00 1.75. The researchers submitted a formal letter for the approval for data gathering noted by the thesis adviser and the dean. After gaining permission to conduct the study, the researchers started the data gathering. The researchers distributed the 26 items questionnaires to the 15 selected families for the purpose of knowing the effectiveness of Dengue Prevention programs based on their level of knowledge and practice. The pretest was done on April 28, 2012. After the pretest, the researchers then started the health teaching scheduled and the follow up for 6 weeks. The posttest was given on June 16, 2012 containing the same content of
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questionnaire given during the pretest. It was only given to the subjects who were also able to answer the pretest. The following statistical tools were used in the study: Frequency Distribution and Percentage was used to determine the profile of the subjects in terms of age and gender and family monthly income. The mean is the most important type of measure of central value. This test was used to find out the significant difference on the Level of Knowledge and Practice of Selected Residents in BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City when they are group according to gender and also was used to determine the significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice on Dengue prevention of the subjects before and after the programs. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F- Test was used to determine profile of the subjects in terms of age, educational attainment and family monthly income. The Duncan Mean Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine where the significance lies when the subjects were group according to age, educational attainment, and family monthly income.
Findings Based on the data gathered, the following findings were obtained: 1. The profile of the subjects present during the conduct of this study were as follows; 36% of them were from the age group 26- 36 years old; 79% of them were female; 46% of them have at least reach secondary education and they have Php5,001.00 and below as their family monthly income.
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2. The overall computed mean level of knowledge in dengue prevention before the program implementation as 2.94 which verbally interpreted as high level. Result means that there is a high level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program. 3. The overall computed mean level of practice in dengue prevention before the program implementation as 2.08 which verbally interpreted as low level. Result means that there is a low level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program. 4. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age before the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.650 with 0.633 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 5. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender before the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed t value of 0.303 with 0.764 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 6. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow,
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Bacoor City in terms of educational attainment before the program implementation is then rejected as shown in the overall computed F value of 2.188 with 0.036 significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. 7. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family income before the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.116 with 0.891 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 8. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age before the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.742 with 0.573 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 9. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender before the program implementation is then rejected as shown in the overall computed t value of 2.404 with 0.024 significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. 10. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of educational attainment before the program
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implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 1.239 with 0.318 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 11. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family monthly income before the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.278 with 0.760 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 12. The overall computed mean level of knowledge in dengue prevention after the program implementation as 3.76 which verbally interpreted as very high level. Result means that there is a very high level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program. 13. The overall computed mean level of practice in dengue prevention after the program implementation as 3.33 which verbally interpreted as very high level. Result means that there is a very high level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program. 14. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age after the program implementation is then
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accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 1.027 with 0.414 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 15. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender after the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed t value of 1.029 with 0.313 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 16. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of educational attainment after the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.441 with 0.726 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 17. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family monthly income after the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.577 with 0.568 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 18. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age after the program implementation is then
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accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 1.001 with 0.427 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 19. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of gender after the program implementation is then rejected as shown in the overall computed t value of 1.951 with 0.042significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. 20. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age after the program implementation is then rejected as shown in the overall computed F value of 1.712 with 0.049 significant level which is less than the 0.05 level of significant. 21. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of family monthly income after the program implementation is then accepted as shown in the overall computed F value of 0.579 with 0.568 significant level which is greater than the 0.05 level of significant. 22. The null hypothesis that there is no significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice before and after the implementation of the program is then rejected as shown in the overall computed t value of 4.666 and 4.599 for level of knowledge and practice before and after the program
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implementation, respectively, which are both greater than the critical tabular value of 1.701 at 0.05 level of significance with 27 degrees of freedom. Conclusions Based on the findings, the followings conclusions were drawn: 1. It is concluded that the residents as subjects present during the conduct of this study were under the age group 26- 36 years old, female with secondary education and with Php5,001.00 and below as their monthly income. 2. There was a high level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program. 3. There was a low level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City before the program. 4. There was no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender and family monthly income before the program. However, significant was obtained when they were grouped according to educational attainment. 5. There was no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, educational attainment and family monthly income before the program.
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However, significant was obtained when they were grouped according to gender. 6. There is a very high level of knowledge in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program. 7. There is a very high level of practice in dengue prevention among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City after the program. 8. There was no significant difference in the level of knowledge among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age, gender, educational attainment and family monthly income after the program. 9. There was no significant difference in the level of practice among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City in terms of age and family monthly income after the program. However, significant was obtained when they were grouped according to gender, educational attainment. 10. There is no significant difference on the level of knowledge and practice before and after the implementation of the program among the selected residents of BagongSilang A, Queensrow, Bacoor City.
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Recommendations The results of this study prompted the researchers to formulate recommendations for the following: Residents of BagongSilang A The researchers recommend the residents to continue what the researches had taught about dengue and dengue prevention programs. To cooperate to the Barangays activities in vector control within their community. Health Care Workers The researchers recommend that heath workers, who deliver care to the people they should have a more participative involvement in disseminating information on the programs of the Department of Health regarding Dengue that will reduce incidence of Dengue fever cases. The researchers also recommends to adopt the tool that the researchers had used towards vector control such as Dengue. Parents The researchers recommend that parents should continue to be responsible in providing care to their family. Male parents should participate on Dengue prevention and control programs that are implemented in their community by the Department of Health. They should promote health practices at home, most especially in avoidance of water storage that serve as breeding habitat for Aedes Aegypti mosquito. Nursing Students The researchers recommend the student nurses to continue sharing, and disseminating knowledge about dengue prevention and dengue programs. They should provide health teaching in the communities and in other
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areas in Bagong Silang A Queensrow, Bacoor City and other communities. The researchers also recommends to apply the programs that were used to the next block of the area to be able to continue eradicate the disease in the community. Future Researchers The researchers recommend the future researches to use this research study as a tool in improving and increasing the level of knowledge and practice of the respondents in dengue prevention programs. The authors highly recommend a follow-up study regarding the maintenance of the very high level of effectiveness of these respondents regarding Dengue prevention programs.
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REFERENCE
Allender, Judith Ann, Spradley, Barbara Walton. (2005) Community Health Nursing (Promoting & Protecting the Public Health) 6th Edition. United States of America. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Aviles, Mari Cheysser.et.al (2010) Level of Awareness and practice in preventing Dengue fever among selected residents of Tondo I Manila. Undergraduate Thesis. University of Perpetual Help DALTA System
Basavanthapp, B.T Nursing Research 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher
Bersola, Camille (2011) What you have to know about Dengue. The Philippine Star, July 22, Friday
Cuevas, Frances Prescilla L. (2007) Public Health Nursing in the Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines. Publication Committee, National League of Philippine Government Nurses, Incorporated
Cunha, John P. Do (2010) Dengue Fever. Retrieved at http://www.medicinet.com/dengue_fever
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www.medicinet.com/dengue_fever
Delos Reyes, Paula May G. (2011) Deadly bite, how one mosquito bite can put your health and your life at risk? The Philippine Star, July 22, Friday
Endozo, Penelope P. (2011) Fighting Dengue can be easy as ABCD. Philippine Daily Inquirer, August 26, Friday
Hawker, Johannes (2005) Communicable Diseases Control. Handbook 2nd edition, England. British Publisher Inc.
Hernandez, Mary Eleen B. (2008) A study on the Level of Compliance of Mothers on DOH Prescribed Strategies on Prevention of DHF in Selected Area in Cavite. Undergraduate Thesis. University of Perpetual Help DALTA System.
Http://www.DOH.Gov.ph. (2009) 7,326 Dengue fever cases reported in the Philippines this year.
Jaymalin, Mayen and Flores Helen (2011) DOH reports 178% increase in dengue case in Metro Manila. The Philippine Star, July 23, Saturday
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Koenraadt, Constantianus J.M, Tulen Wiethe, Sithiprasana Ranata, Kijuchalo Udom, Jones James W, Scott Thomas W. (2005) American Society of tropical medicine and hygiene
Mabutas, Gabriel S, (2011) Technology comes fore in battling calamities, Dengue. Manila bulletin, January 4, Tuesday
Mabutas, Gabriel S,(2010) Use of Gm mosquitoes vs. Dengue mulled. Manila bulletin, July 25, Sunday
Octaviano Eufemia F. and Balita, Carl E. (2008) Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (The Philippine Perspective) Ultimate learning Series. Metro Manila Philippine. Educational Publishing House
Ong, Czarina Nicole O. (2011) 6 Agencies partner vs. Dengue. Manila bulletin, August 26, Friday
Rosas, Leonard Bryan D.et.al Level of Awareness on the DOH programs Regarding Dengue Fever of Selected Community Members in Carsadang Bago and Alapan 1-C, Imus, Cavite. Undergraduate Thesis. University of Perpetual Help DALTA System
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See, Dexter A. (2004) Dengue Cases High during rainy season. Manila bulletin, June 8, Monday
Sy, Marvin (2009) GMA orders DOH to intensify info drive vs. Dengue. Philippine Star, Sept 15, Tuesday
World Health Organization (2003) Guidelines for Dengue Surveillance and Mosquito Control 2nd edition. World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2003
Zulueta Francisco M. (2009) Insights to Proper Health Care (The key to a long and happy life) Quad Alpha Centrum Bldg. Mandaluyong City
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Appendix A LETTER OF
REQUEST
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LETTER OF VALIDATION
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LETTER TO LIBRARIAN
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Appendix B THE INSTRUMENT Filipino Version Sa mga Respondante, Kami pong mga magaaral sa ikatlong taon ng Nursing sa University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus ay nagsasagawa ng pananaliksik tungkol sa Pagiging Epektibo ng mga Programa ukol sa Pag-iwas sa Dengue sa Antas ng Kaalaman at Praktis ng mga Residente sa Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor, Cavite. Lahat po ng impormasyong makakalap ay gagamitin lamang po sa aming pagsusuri. Amin naman pong pinapahalagahan na ang bawat impormasyong aming makukuha ay mananatiling konpidensyal at lihim. Ang inyo pong matapat na pagsagot ay aming pinapahalagahan. Maraming salamat po! Godbless you! - Mga Mananaliksik Pangalan (opsyonal):
Panuto 1: Sagutan ang mga sumusunod na tanong sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng tsek () sa loob ng bilog na siyang tumutugon sa inyong sagot.
Edad: ( ) 15- 25 taong gulang ( ) 26- 36 taong gulang ( ) 37- 47 taong gulang Kasarian: ( ) Babae Antas ng pinagaralan: ( ) Walang pormal na edukasyon ( ) Elematarya ( ) Sekondarya ( ) Kolehiyo ( ) Bokasyonal ( ) Lalaki ( ) 48- 58 taong gulang ( ) 59 at pataas
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Buwanang kita ng pamilya: ( ) P5,000 pababa ( ) P5,001-10,000 ( ) P10,001-15,000 ( ) P15,001-20,000 ( ) P20,001 pataas
Panuto 2: Ang mga sumusunod na pahayag ay ang mga Kaalaman sa Programa sa Pagsugpo at Pag-iwas ng Dengue. Pakitsek () sa kahon ang tumutugon sa iyong sagot o pananaw. Walang tama o maling sagot. Ang mga sumusunod na pagpipilian ay makakatulong sa iyong madaling pagsagot sa tanong. 4 lubos ang kaalaman 3 katamtamang kaalaman 2 kaunting kaalaman 1 walang kaalamanan
KAALAMAN 1. Alam ko na ang Dengue ay maaaring makuha sa pamamagitan ng kagat ng lamok na Ades aegypti na karaniwang nangyayari sa unang 2 oras pagkatapos ng pagsikat ng araw at bago lumubog ang araw. 2. Alam ko na ang kaso ng Dengue ay dumadami sa panahon ng tag-ulan sa buwan ng Hunyo hanggang Nobyembre. 3. Alam ko na ang lamok na Aedes aegypti ay makikita sa mga lugar na may malinaw at hindi umaagos na tubig. 4. Alam ko na ang test sa dugo (platelet count) ay ginagamit upang masuri ang Dengue. 5. Alam ko na ang pagkakaroon ng lagnat na maaring tumagal ng 2- 7 araw, pananakit ng kalamnan, mga pantal sa balat, pagdurugo ng ilong, at pagsusuka ay ilang mga palatandaan at sintomas ng Dengue. 6. Alam ko na ang Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ay komplikasyon ng Dengue kung hindi magagamot at maaagapan ng maaga. 7. Alam ko na ang Department of Health ay may mga inilunsad na programa tungkol sa pag-iwas sa Dengue. 8. Alam ko na ang Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap ng Department of Health ay nagtatrap ng mga itlog ng lamok. 4 3 2 1
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9. Alam ko na ang pagtatanggal o pagpapalit ng tubig sa mga plorera minsan sa isang linggo ay makapipigil sa pangingitlog ng lamok. 10. Alam ko na ang pagtakip ng lahat ng dram at timbang pinag-iipunan ng tubig ay makatutulong upang hindi pangitlugan ng lamok. 11. Alam ko na ang pagsusuot ng mga damit na matatakpan ang mga kamay at paa ay nakakapagpabawas sa mga pagkakataong makagat ng lamok. 12. Alam ko na ang malinis na alulod ng bubong ng bahay ay nakakatulong upang hindi maipunan ng tubig at pamuhayan ng kiti-kiti. 13. Alam ko na ang mga gulong na may butas at may lupa ay ay nakakatulong upang hindi maipunan ng tubig at pangitlogan ng lamok.
Panuto 3: Ang mga sumusunod na pahayag ay ang mga Pamamaraan sa Programa sa Pagsugpo at Pag-iwas sa Dengue. Pakitsek () sa kahon ang tumutugon sa iyong sagot o pananaw. Walang tama o maling sagot. Ang mga sumusunod na pagpipilian ay makakatulong sa iyong medaling pagsagot sa tanong. 4 palagi kong ginagawa 3 madalas kong ginagawa 2 minsan kong ginagawa 1 hindi ko ginagawa
PAMAMARAAN 1. Naglalagay ako ng mosquito repellant sa katawan kapag lalabas ng bahay. 2. Iniiwasan ko ang paglabas ng bahay sa unang 2 oras pagkatapos ng pagsikat ng araw at 2 oras bago lumubog ang araw. 3. Nililinis at itinatapon ko ang lahat ng mga bagay na maaring mangolekta at mapag-imbakan ng tubig sa panahong maulan. 4. Iniiwasan ko ang mga lugar na may malinaw at hindi umaagos na tubig.
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5. Kumukonsulta ako sa mga klinika kapag nakakaranas ng mga palatandaan at sintomas ng Dengue tulad ng lagnat, pananakit ng kalamnan, mga pantal sa balat, pagdurugo ng ilong, at pagsusuka. 6. Sumasailalim ako sa test sa dugo (platelet count) kapag nakakaranas ng mga palatandaan at sintomas ng Dengue. 7. Isinasagawa ko ang mga programa tungkol sa pag- iwas sa Dengue ng Department of Health. 8. Naglalagay ako ng Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap ng Department of Health sa labas ng bahay na protektado mula sa araw at ulan. 9. Nililinis at pinapalitan ko ng tubig ang mga plorera minsan sa isang linggo. 10.Tinatakpan ko ang lahat ng dram at timbang pinag-iipunan ng tubig. 11. Nagsusuot ako ng damit na may mahabang manggas na matatakpan ang mga kamay at paa ko. 12. Nililinisan ko ng mga alulod ng bubong ng aming bahay isang beses sa isang buwan. 13. Nilalagyan ko ng butas o lupa ang mga lumang gulong.
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English Version
Dear Respondents, We are the 3rd year nursing students of University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus are presently conducting a study regarding The Effectiveness of Dengue Prevention Programs on the Level of Knowledge and Practice of Selected Residents in Bagong Silang A, Queensrow, Bacoor, Cavite. The data gathered will be used for the study. Rest assured that everything would be kept confidential. Your honest answers are highly appreciated. Thank you very much! Godbless you! -The Researchers Name (optional): ______________________________________
Instruction 1: Please answer the following questions. Kindly put a check () on the circle that corresponds to your answer. Age: ( ) 15- 25 years old ( ) 26- 36 years old ( ) 37- 47 years old Gender: ( ) Female Educational Attainment: ( ) No formal education ( ) Elementary ( ) Highschool Family Monthly Income: ( ) P5,000 below ( ) P5.001- 10,000 ( ) P10,001- 15,000 ( ) P 15.001- 20,000 ( ) 20,001 above ( ) College ( ) Vocational ( ) Male ( ) 48- 58 years old ( ) 59 years old and above
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Instruction 2: The following statements are the knowledge to the Dengue Prevention Programs. Kindly put a check () on the box that corresponds to your own view. There is no wrong and correct answer. The following measurements can help you to answer the questions easier. 4 Very high level of knowledge 3 High level of knowledge 2 Low level of knowledge 1 Very low level of knowledge
KNOWLEDGE 1.I know that Dengue can be acquired through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which usually occur in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. 2. I know that Dengue cases increases during rainy seasons like in the months of June- November. 3. I know that Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are found in areas with clear and stagnant water. 4. I know that blood test (platelet count) is the laboratory test used to diagnose Dengue. 5. I know that having fever which may last for 2- 7 days, muscle pain, skin rashes, epistaxis, and vomiting are some signs and symptoms of Dengue. 6. I know that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a complication of Dengue if not cured and treated immediately. 7. I know that the Department of Health has launched programs about Dengue prevention. 8. I know that the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health traps the eggs of the mosquitoes. 9. I know that removal of water in flower vases once in a week can avoid mosquitoes from laying their eggs. 10. I know that closed containers and pales that are used for storing water can help prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs. 11. I know that clothes that cover the hands and feet can lessen the chances of being bitten by mosquitoes.
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12. I know that the cleanliness of the gutter of the roof of the house can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes. 13. I know that puncturing and embedded soil on unused tires can help prevent the accumulation of water and breeding grounds of mosquitoes.
Instruction 3: The following statements are the practice to the Dengue Prevention Programs. Kindly put a check () on the box that corresponds to your own view. There is no wrong and correct answer. The following measurements can help you to answer the questions easier. 4 Very high level of practice 3 High level of practice 2 Low level of practice 1 Very low level of practice
PRACTICE 1. I use mosquito repellant on my body every time I goes out the house. 2. I avoid staying outside the house in the first 2 hours after sunrise and before sunset. 3. I clean and dispose all unusable items that can collect and store water during rainy seasons. 4. I avoid areas with clear and stagnant water. 5. I consult the clinic upon experiencing the signs and symptoms of Dengue. 6. I undergo blood test (platelet count) upon experiencing the signs and symptoms of dengue. 7. I practice the programs regarding Dengue prevention by the Department of Health. 8. I place the Ovi/ Larvicidal (OL) mosquito trap by the Department of Health outside the house protected from the sun and rainfall. 9. I clean and change the water in flower vases once in a week. 4 3 2 1
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10. I close all containers and pales that are used for storing water. 11. I wear clothes that cover my hands and feet. 12. I clean of the gutter of the roof of the house once in a month. 13. I puncture an embed soil on unused tires
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Appendix C Sample Computation Pre - Test Knowledge Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Overall 4 5 10 13 9 10 7 7 10 14 16 10 12 10 3 11 12 9 10 9 11 15 6 11 6 7 10 10 2 6 2 3 6 7 5 2 5 1 5 4 4 4 1 6 4 3 3 2 5 4 7 2 1 7 2 4 N 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Mean 2.54 3.00 3.14 2.89 2.96 2.71 2.89 2.68 3.32 3.32 2.71 3.14 2.93 2.94 SD 0.7451 0.8972 0.9466 0.8549 0.8777 0.8001 0.8684 0.7933 1.0085 1.0153 0.8047 0.9414 0.8702 0.8787
Pre - Test Practice Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Overall 4 3 0 8 5 7 3 2 1 5 9 1 2 2 3 3 6 9 8 4 2 7 5 5 6 7 7 5 2 7 8 9 8 9 9 7 4 11 7 10 6 5 1 15 14 2 7 8 14 12 18 7 6 10 13 16 N 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Mean 1.79 1.71 2.82 2.39 2.36 1.79 1.96 1.61 2.29 2.64 1.96 1.93 1.75 2.08 SD 0.5165 0.5043 0.8294 0.6962 0.6883 0.5189 0.5707 0.4702 0.6646 0.7777 0.5753 0.5605 0.5073 0.6061
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Post Test Knowledge Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Overall 4 16 24 23 20 25 17 24 24 24 25 22 25 22 3 11 4 4 6 3 9 3 2 3 3 3 3 5 2 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 N 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Mean 3.54 3.86 3.79 3.64 3.89 3.54 3.82 3.75 3.82 3.89 3.68 3.89 3.75 3.76 SD 1.0822 1.2427 1.2118 1.1408 1.2644 1.0861 1.2333 1.2161 1.2333 1.2644 1.1721 1.2644 1.1909 1.2002
Post Test Practice Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Overall 4 18 7 17 13 16 10 17 16 10 23 15 15 12 3 3 10 9 10 8 13 6 7 16 4 9 5 13 2 7 9 2 5 4 4 4 5 1 1 4 7 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 N 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Mean 3.39 2.79 3.54 3.29 3.43 3.14 3.39 3.39 3.25 3.79 3.39 3.21 3.32 3.33 SD 1.0539 0.8185 1.0861 0.9873 1.0462 0.9392 1.0438 1.0353 0.9834 1.2118 1.0297 0.9774 0.9998 1.0163
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Pre - Test Knowledge against Profile
Oneway
ANOVA PreK
Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 1.216 10.762 11.978
df 4 23 27
Mean Square .304 .468
F .650
Sig. .633
Homogeneous Subsets
PreK Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Age 37 - 47 year old 48 - 58 year old 58 year old and above 15 - 25 year old 26 - 36 year old Sig. N 5 3 3 7 10 1 2.5980 2.7467 2.9467 3.0657 3.1460 .293
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed. a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 4.506. b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.
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Oneway
ANOVA PreK Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 2.572 9.406 11.978 df 3 24 27 Mean Square .857 .392 F 2.188 Sig. .036
Homogeneous Subsets
PreK Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Education Elementary Vocational Secondary College Sig. N 9 3 13 3 .265 1 2.5811 3.0267 3.0762 3.0267 3.0762 3.5633 .227 2
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Oneway
ANOVA PreK Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .110 11.868 11.978 df 2 25 27 Mean Square .055 .475 F .116 Sig. .891
Homogeneous Subsets
PreK Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Income Php5,000.00 and below Php10,001.00 - 15,000.00 Php5,001.00 - 10,000.00 Sig. N 23 3 2 1 2.9461 2.9500 3.1900 .667
T-Test
Group Statistics Gender PreK Female Male N 22 6 Mean 2.9436 3.0383 Std. Deviation .72218 .44341 Std. Error Mean .15397 .18102
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Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality Variances of t-test for Equality of Means 95% Interval Difference Sig. (2- Mean F PreK Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed -.398 13.20 .697 6 -.09470 .23765 -.60729 .41790 1.788 Sig. .193 t -.303 df 26 Std. Error Lower -.73613 Upper .54674 Confidence of the
tailed) Difference Difference .764 -.09470 .31205
Pre - Test Practice against Profile
Oneway
ANOVA PreP Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 1.116 8.644 9.760 Df 4 23 27 Mean Square .279 .376 F .742 Sig. .573
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Homogeneous Subsets
PreP Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Age 48 - 58 year old 37 - 47 year old 15 - 25 year old 58 year old and above 26 - 36 year old Sig. N 3 5 7 3 10 1 1.8467 1.9300 1.9986 2.2067 2.3620 .270
Oneway
ANOVA PreP Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 1.309 8.452 9.760 df 3 24 27 Mean Square .436 .352 F 1.239 Sig. .318
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Homogeneous Subsets
PreP Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Education Vocational Elementary College Secondary Sig. N 3 9 3 13 1 1.6633 2.0122 2.0267 2.3262 .130
Oneway
ANOVA PreP Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .212 9.549 9.760 df 2 25 27 Mean Square .106 .382 F .277 Sig. .760
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Homogeneous Subsets
PreP Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Income Php5,001.00 - 10,000.00 Php10,001.00 - 15,000.00 Php5,000.00 and below Sig. N 2 3 23 1 1.8450 2.0267 2.1587 .538
T-Test
Group Statistics Gender PreP Female Male N 22 6 Mean 2.2536 1.6400 Std. Deviation .58367 .40768 Std. Error Mean .12444 .16643
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Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality Variances of t-test for Equality of Means 95% Interval Difference Sig. F PreP Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed 2.953 11.311 .013 .61364 .20781 .15778 1.06949 .948 Sig. .339 T 2.404 df 26 tailed) .024 (2- Mean Std. Error Upper 1.13829 Confidence of the
Difference Difference Lower .61364 .25524 .08899
Post Test Knowledge against Profile
Oneway
ANOVA PostK Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .656 3.672 4.328 df 4 23 27 Mean Square .164 .160 F 1.027 Sig. .414
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Homogeneous Subsets
PostK Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Age 58 year old and above 15 - 25 year old 26 - 36 year old 37 - 47 year old 48 - 58 year old Sig. N 3 7 10 5 3 1 3.4100 3.6386 3.7920 3.8140 4.0000 .057
Oneway
ANOVA PostK Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .226 4.102 4.328 df 3 24 27 Mean Square .075 .171 F .441 Sig. .726
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Homogeneous Subsets
PostK Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Education Elementary Secondary Vocational College Sig. N 9 13 3 3 1 3.6322 3.7515 3.8200 3.9233 .335
Oneway
ANOVA PostK Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .191 4.137 4.328 df 2 25 27 Mean Square .096 .165 F .578 Sig. .568
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Homogeneous Subsets
PostK Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Income Php5,001.00 - 10,000.00 Php5,000.00 and below Php10,001.00 - 15,000.00 Sig. N 2 23 3 1 3.6550 3.7157 3.9733 .344
T-Test
Group Statistics Gender Post Female K Male N 22 6 Mean 3.7795 3.5900 Std. Deviation .35752 .54303 Std. Error Mean .07622 .22169
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Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality Variances of t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Sig. F PostK Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed .809 6.231 .449 .18955 .23443 -.37896 .758 05 2.179 Sig. .152 T 1.029 df 26 tailed) .313 (2- Mean Difference .18955 Std. Error Lower -.18908 Upp er .568 17
Difference .18420
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Post Test Practice against Profile
Oneway
ANOVA PostP Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 1.041 5.981 7.022 df 4 23 27 Mean Square .260 .260 F 1.001 Sig. .427
Homogeneous Subsets
PostP Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Age 15 - 25 year old 58 year old and above 48 - 58 year old 37 - 47 year old 26 - 36 year old Sig. N 7 3 3 5 10 1 3.0443 3.2333 3.4100 3.4320 3.5240 .218
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Oneway
ANOVA PostP Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 1.238 5.784 7.022 df 3 24 27 Mean Square .413 .241 F 1.713 Sig. .049
Homogeneous Subsets
PostP Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Education Vocational College Secondary Elementary Sig. N 3 3 13 9 1 2.7433 3.3600 3.4031 3.4544 .052
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Oneway
ANOVA PostP Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total .311 6.712 7.022 df 2 25 27 Mean Square .155 .268 F .579 Sig. .568
Homogeneous Subsets
PostP Duncan
a,,b
Subset for alpha = 0.05 Income Php5,001.00 - 10,000.00 Php10,001.00 - 15,000.00 Php5,000.00 and below Sig. N 2 3 23 1 2.9650 3.3567 3.3757 .338
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T-Test
Group Statistics Gender PostP Female Male N 22 6 Mean 3.4377 3.0017 Std. Deviation .46908 .54869 Std. Error Mean .10001 .22400
Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality Variances of t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confiden ce Interval of the
Differenc e U p p Sig. F PostP Equal variances .892 assumed Sig. .354 t 1.951 df 26 tailed) .042 (2- Mean Difference .43606 Std. Error Difference Lower .22356 -.02348 e r . 8 9 5 6 0
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Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality Variances of t-test for Equality of Means 95% Confiden ce Interval of the
Differenc e U p p Sig. F PostP Equal variances .892 assumed Sig. .354 t 1.951 df 26 tailed) .042 (2- Mean Difference .43606 Std. Error Difference Lower .22356 -.02348 e r . 8 9 5 6 0 Equal variances not assumed 1.778 7.125 .118 .43606 .24531 -.14196 1 . 0 1 4 0 8
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Appendix D CERTIFICATION FROM STATISTICIAN
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Appendix E LETTER FROMTHESIS EDITOR
134
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME AGE GENDER ADDRESS DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH CIVIL STATUS RELIGION PRESENT POSITION OFFICE ADDRESS EMAIL- ADDRESS CONTACT NUMBER
: Rose Ann R. Abante : 20 years old : Female : Blk. 247 Lt. 11 Ph. 2 Mabuhay City, Paliparan III, Dasmarinas Cavite : December 17,1991 : Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro : Single : Roman Catholic : 4TH Year Nursing Student : Molino 3, Bacoor City : anne.abante@yahoo.com : 09355162290
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ELEMENTARY : Lucena Atienza Datinguinoo Memorial School (LADMS) : Puerto Galera Academy : University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta Molino Campus Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2013
SECONDARY TERTIARY
135
: Julianne Faye Alvarez : 19 years old : Female : Blk.9 Lt. 4 Hamburg St. Summer Meadows Salitran 3, Dasmarinas City, Cavite : July 5,1993 : Quezon City : Single : Christian- Baptist : 4TH Year Nursing Student : Molino 3, Bacoor City : fheiyah_kix@yahoo.com : 09264104123
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ELEMENTARY SECONDARY TERTIARY : Cavite Bible Baptist Academy : Blessed Mary Academy : University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta Molino Campus Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2013
136
: Suzette H. Cabural : 19 years old : Female : Blk.11 Lt.14 Addas Townhouse Salinas Bacoor City : August 14, 1993 : Oroquieta City,Mindanao : Single : Roman Catholic : 4TH Year Nursing Student : Molino 3, Bacoor City : suzette_mxbitch24@yahoo.com : 09169812412
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ELEMENTARY SECONDARY TERTIARY : Salinas Elementary School : Imus Institute : University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta Molino Campus Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2013
137
: Marjorie M. Marica : 19 years old : Female : Blk. 4 Lt. 4 Zurich St. Ph. 2 Annex San Marino City, Salawag, Dasmarias, Cavite : September 5,1992 : Makati City : Single : Roman Catholic : 4TH Year Nursing Student : Molino 3, Bacoor City : joretmarica@yahoo.com : 09263436486
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ELEMENTARY SECONDARY TERTIARY : Infant Jesus Montessori Center : Infant Jesus Montessori Center : University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta Molino Campus Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2013
138
: Resiel Joy Seguiente : 19 years old : Female : U415, 2LT, Casa Jessica Condominium, Molino Boulevard, Molino 3, Bacoor Cavite : December 1, 1992 : Manila : Single : Roman Catholic : 4TH Year Nursing Student : Molino 3, Bacoor City : jhikseguiente92@yahoo.com : 09328870561
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ELEMENTARY SECONDARY TERTIARY : Hijas de Jesus School : Hijas de Jesus School : University of Perpetual Help System-Dalta Molino Campus Bachelor of Science in Nursing 2013

Final Thesis

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Final Thesis

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1

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

RESEARCH PARADIGM Figure 1 The variables and their relationship

Dengue Prevention Program

Increase Knowledge and Practice on Preventing Dengue

Age Gender Educational attainment Family monthly income

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

The percentage formula is: % = Frequency No. of Respondents 100

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

2.71 2.89 2.68 3.32 3.32 2.71 3.14

0.8001 0.8684 0.7933 1.0085 1.0153 0.8047 0.9414

High High High Very High Very High High High

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA Molino Campus COLLEGE OF NURSING