Adhesive Tape

Team of Brazil Brazilian team
Problem 1: ##Adhesive Title Tape
Brazilian team
Problem 01 Adhesive Tape

reporter:
Brbara Cruvinel Santiago

Brazilian team: Brbara Santiago, Danilo Simes, Julliana Frassei, Lucas Morais e Mateus de Carvalho Reporter: Brbara Cruvinel Santiago Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 1

Problem 01 Adhesive Tape
Determine the force necessary to remove a piece of adhesive tape from a horizontal surface. Investigate the influence of relevant parameters.
Brazilian team: Brbara Santiago, Danilo Simes, Julliana Frassei, Lucas Morais e Mateus de Carvalho Reporter: Brbara Cruvinel Santiago
Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 2

Contents
Introduction
Definitions
Theory Experiment
Setup Experimental results Analysis
Conclusion

Introduction: Adhesive tape

Narrow strip of flexible material that adheres to other objects.
Introduction: Adhesion and cohesion

Adhesion: related to different surfaces particles. Cohesion: related to same bodys particles.

Theory: Adhesion
Dispersive adhesion:
Related to intermolecular interactions; Van der Waals forces.
Influences of chemical structure:

Polarity; Larger molecules have higher adhesion; Determine adhesion of different tapes.
Different tapes: different minimum forces:

Chemical structure; Elasticity.

Theory: Minimum removal tension

Minimum tension for the tape to be removed.
Larger width
Larger area for force exertion
Higher minimum force

Theory: Surface area

Rougher surface Larger contact area Higher adhesion
There is a limit rugosity for the adhesion to increase: ~50 m, by ISO1302.

Theory: Other parameters

Higher humidity
Higher temperature Lower adhesion
Higher humidity: decreases the adhesion because of the tapes particles polarity. Higher temperature: decreases the adhesion as the polymer viscosity decreases.

Theory: Stringing
The stringing can stop the crack. But, once the crack is initiated, it is easier to remove the tape.

Theory: Forces acting on the tape

Theory: Second form of resolution
Used to control the experimental parameters easily.

Theory: Maximum force

Maximum force supported by the tape without tearing it off.

Experiment: Experimental description

Standard experiment: duct tape, in ambient temperature and glass surface. Experiment 1: vary width. Experiment 2: vary length (same width). Experiment 3: vary humidity. Experiment 4: vary temperature. Experiment 5: different surfaces. Experiment 6: different adhesive tapes.
Inaccuracies: precision of the dynamometer (0.05N for each dynamometer used in parallel) and precision of the ruler (0.05cm).

Experiment: Experimental setup

Experiment: Material
Duct Tape Scotch tape Dynamometer (precision of 0.05N) Ruler (precision of 0.05cm) Humidifier Hair dryer Thermocouple type K(precision of 0.1C) Glass surface Wood surface Corrugated fiberboard surface String

Experiment: Standard experiment

Ambient conditions
Width Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type
Experimental conditions: dry duct tape, in ambient temperature and glass surface. Width: 4.5cm

Experiment: Standard experiment

Ambient conditions

1st 2nd 3rd 4th Average Standard Deviation
Force (N) 41 35 39 33 37.0 3.7

Experiment: Experiment 1 - vary width

Ambient conditions
40
Force X Width
35 30 Force (N)
25 20 15 y = 7,76x R = 0,97
10
5 0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0
4,0
5,0
Width (cm)

Experiment: Experiment 2 - vary length

Ambient conditions

Force (N)
Force X Length
10 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 Length (cm) 25 30 35 40

Experiment: Experiment 3 - vary humidity

Ambient conditions


Experiment: Experiment 3 - vary humidity

Ambient conditions
40
Time of humidification X Force

35 30 Force (N) 25 y = 33,16e-0,28x R = 0,96
20
15 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time of humidification (min)

Experiment: Experiment 4 - vary temperature

Ambient conditions


Experiment: Experiment 4 - vary temperature

Ambient conditions
60
Force X Temperature
Width
Force (N)
50 40 30 20 y = 87,22e-0,04x R = 0,97
Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type
10
0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Temperature (C)

Experiment: Experiment 5 - vary surface

Ambient conditions



Ambient conditions
60
Force X Width
Width
50 Force (N)
Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type
40
30 20 10 0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0
y = 9,35x R = 0,94 y = 7,76x R = 0,97 y = 5,25x R = 0,97
Glass Wood Floor
4,0
5,0
Width (cm)


Ambient conditions
Minimum force: 28N


Experiment: Experiment 6 - vary tapes type

Ambient conditions
Duct tape: polyethylene and cotton fabric film based on resin and rubber. Scotch tape: bopp film and water-based acrylic adhesive.

Experiment: Experiment 6 - vary tapes type

Ambient conditions

Force (N) Duct Tape 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Average Standard deviation 41 35 39 33 37.0 3.7 Scotch Tape 14 14 14 14 14.0 0.0

Conclusion
Minimum force found in the standard experiment: 37N Parameters that alter the minimum force:
Tapes width; Contact surface; Humidity; Temperature; Adhesive tapes type.

References
1.http://dic.busca.uol.com.br/result.html?t=10&ref=homeuol&ad=on&q=fita&group=0 2.http://dic.busca.uol.com.br/result.html?t=10&ref=homeuol&ad=on&q=adesivo&ggrou=0 3. Hallyday/Resnick/Walker Fundamentos de Fsica Volume 1 Mecnica Rio de Janeiro 2008 4.MOTTA, Javan Pereira; ALVES, Rejane Costa; OLIVEIRA, Jos Tarcsio da Silva Influncia do teor de umidade nas propriedades de adeso da madeira de Corymbia citriodora Universidade Federal do Esprito Santo 5.http://dic.busca.uol.com.br/result.html?t=10&ref=homeuol&ad=on&q=dinam%F4metro&group= 0 6.http://www.infoescola.com/fisica/coesao-e-adesao-da-agua/ 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesion 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive_tape 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersive_adhesion 10. http://www.infoescola.com/fisica/coesao-e-adesao-da-agua/ 11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature_dependence_of_liquid_viscosity 12. International Standard ISO1302 Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) Indication of surface texture in technical product documentation

Acknowledgements
B8 Projetos Universidade Paulista UNIP Escola Politcnica da Universidade de So Paulo Colgio Mater Amabilis Colgio Objetivo Instituto Dom Barreto Universidade Federal do Piau Allison Hirata Gilberto Jnior Jacob

Dynamometer Calibration
Maximum measurement of the dynamometer: 10N Bottle of water with 1Kg measured with a scale with precision of 0.05g.

Elastic properties
Coefficient of elasticity or Youngs Modulus

Higher absorbance of energy before rupturing
Higher coefficient
Harder tape
Higher minimum force

Time stuck to the surface

The glue is oxidized with the air (small balls and ambient). Depending on the type of glue we have a residue more adhesive or less adhesive. The adhesion can increase or decrease with time depending on the tape.

Time stuck to the surface

Minimum force in function of time of adhesion to the glass surface
18
16
14
Force (N) 12 10 8 6
Duct Tape Masking Tape
4
2 0 1 minute 1 hour 1 day

Experiment 7: removal from corners
Experimental difficulties:
Control the angle; Find the removal threshold; Control the force as it reduces with the pulling movement.

Experiment 7: removal from corners

Force X Removed part
12 10 Force (N) 8 6 4
2
0
10
15
Removed part (cm)
20
25
30

Traction forces
The F force is the sum of traction forces.

Adhesive Tape

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Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Problem 1: ##Adhesive Title Tape

Problem 01 Adhesive Tape

Brbara Cruvinel Santiago

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Problem 01 Adhesive Tape

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 2

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 3

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Introduction: Adhesive tape

Introduction: Adhesion and cohesion

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 4

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Influences of chemical structure:

Different tapes: different minimum forces:

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Theory: Minimum removal tension

Larger area for force exertion

Higher minimum force

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 6

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Theory: Surface area

There is a limit rugosity for the adhesion to increase: ~50 m, by ISO1302.

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 7

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Theory: Other parameters

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 8

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Theory: Forces acting on the tape

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 10

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Theory: Second form of resolution

Used to control the experimental parameters easily.

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 11

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Theory: Maximum force

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 12

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Experiment: Experimental description

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Experiment: Experimental setup

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 14

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Experiment: Standard experiment

Width Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 16

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Experiment: Standard experiment

Width Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type

1st 2nd 3rd 4th Average Standard Deviation

Force (N) 41 35 39 33 37.0 3.7

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 17

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Experiment: Experiment 1 - vary width

Width Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 18

Team of Brazil Brazilian team

Experiment: Experiment 2 - vary length

Width Length Humidity Temperature Surface Tapes type

Tehran, July 22nd 31st , 2011 19