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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924072675410

MINNESOTA ALGAE
VOLUME
I

The Myxophyceae of North America and Adjacent Regions

Including Central America, Greenland, Bermuda,

The West

Indies

and Hawaii

JOSEPHINE TILDEN
Assistant Professor of Botany
University of Minnesota

Report of the Survey

Botanical Series
VIII

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
April
1,

1910

Published by Authority of the Board of Regents of the University

FOR

The People of Minnesota

Edition
2,500

Copies

PREFACE
Although the recent appearance of the last volume of De Toni's "Sylloge Algarum," the "Myxophyceae," has removed some of the greatest difficulties which confront the student of this branch of Algology, yet, with the general literature concerning the blue-green algae in its present state, he has a vexatious problem before him if he attempt to work to any purpose in this group of plants. The original specific descriptions with their accompanying notes and figures, are scattered far and wide, many of them in foreign periodicals and rare works. In general these cannot be obtained in more than a very few of the largest botanical libra'^ Ties. In the United States, at least, there is much need for a work in English, suitable for use as a general hand-book, which shall contain descriptions and illustrations of these plants. On the other hand, such a work ought not to be written until a considerable amount of information has been obtained from all parts of the country. An accurate treatise of this sort should be prepared only as a result of general investigation carried, on by a large number of workers over the entire area to be covered, For instance, many species have so far been at all seasons of the year. reported from a single locality, which without doubt are growing in proWithout question numerous new fusion in other parts of the country. species await discovery when the study of the group has become more general.

It would seem then that two books need to be written, one as a cause and one as a result of such investigation. If the present treatise proves to be of use as a foundation or ground-work for the second volume, and

shall be the means of assisting those who are disposed to follow this fascinating branch of microscopic study, the hopes of the author will be realized. The work has been prepared with a view to answering the need of such botanists as do not have access to the special libraries and of others who have not unlimited time to devote to the looking up of literature. Special prominence has been given, in the arrangement of the text, The student has constantly before him practically all to two features. that is known relating to the geographical distribution and the recorded To quote from Mr. G. S. history of each plant in American localities. West, "One cannot emphasize too much the importance of a sound knowledge of the geographical distribution of some of the more lowly types of Such a knowledge, which can only be acquired by the Cryptogams. patient labors of the systematist, will throw much light on one of the most interesting of all problems concerned with the later phases of the It is earth's history, namely, the land-connections of previous periods." very much hoped that this volume may encourage interest on the part of general botanists, high school teachers, college students, physicians and bacteriologists in these little plants which are of late coming to be considered of importance even outside of botanical circles. In the present volume the author has brought together the specific descriptions of all the blue-green algae so far known to exist in North America and the adjacent regions (including the Arctic Regions, Alaska, Greenland, Canada, Newfoundland, Labrador, the United States, Lower California, Mexico, Central America, the Bermudas, the Bahamas, the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands). In addition there are figures illustrating many of the species. The figures have been photographed from the original and redrawn. A number of them are original with the author. An atternpt has been made to have the figures all drawn to the same scale which may be an improvement over the ordinary method. Very simple keys are
if it
. . .

furnished for the families, genera and species. The second paragraph of each specific description contains the names in chronological order of a

number

of articles and

works referring to the species

in

question.

It

is

iv

Minnesota Algae

believed that the plan of writing out in full the author's name and the of his article will prove a great saving in time for the one who uses the book. In the case of amateurs it will also serve to give in a short time an intimate knowledge of the names of algologists and an idea of the work already done in the group. The descriptions in general follow those of Gomont, Bornet, Thuret and Flahault. Constant reference has of course been made to Forti's recent volume. Wherever possible the original descriptions have been consulted. Possibly a mistake has been made in not repeating the synonym after each title. Instead each synonym has been inserted but once, following the first article in which it occurs. The principal aim of the book, however, is to encourage original investigation in the field among the plants themselves. For a full list of synonyms, reference must be made to De Toni's "Myxophyceae." I wish to tender my best thanks to Dr. Frederic E. Clements for advice and much kind assistance during the preparation" and publication of this volume which was undertaken at his request. To Miss Charlotte Waugh I am much indebted for her painstaking work upon the pen and ink drawing of the figures. The author hopes that several persons in each state or section of the country may decide to undertake a systematic and careful investigation of the blue-green algae in their neighborhoods, and would be very glad to enter into a correspondence with such workers.
title

JOSEPHINE
Kimberly Road, Epsom,
Auckland,

E.

TILDEN.

New

Zealand,
21, 1909.

December

MYXOPHYCEAE

(Cyanophyceae. Schizophyceae) The Blue-Green Algae

Algae typically blue-green, the coloring matter being a mixture of two pigments, chlorophyll and phycocyanin; pigments of other colors sometimes present.
Plant body unicellular or multicellular,

sometimes endowed with

peculiar motion; plants existing usually in gelatinous masses, sometimes solitary among other algae.
cell division in one, two hormogones (multicellular fragments of the plant body, at first motile, afterwards coming to rest), or by means of non-motile gonidia formed within gonidangia, or by means of resting gonidia (formed from ordinary cells).

Reproduction always asexual, either by simple

or three directions of space, or by

means

of

in

Habitat: Plants found in fresh, brackish or salt water, in hot springs, mineral springs, in aerial situations, or as endophytes.

families or colonies

Coccogoneae. Plants unicellular, single or associated in which are usually surrounded by a copious gelatinous integument, rarely forming filaments; reproduction occurs commonly by the vegetative division of cells, rarely by the formation of non-motile gonidia from the division of the contents of a gonidangium (mother cell).

Order

I.

Order
to
a

II.

Hormogoneae.

Plants

multicellular,

filamentous,

attached

substratum or free-floating; filaments simple or branched, usually consisting of one or more rows of cells within a sheath; reproduction
occurs by means of hormogones or resting gonidia.

Order

I.

COCCOGONEAE

Family I. Chroococcaceae. Plants showing no difference between basal and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or colonies;

2
reproduction by vegetative division of
of space.
cells in one,

Minnesota Algae
two or three directions

Family II. Chamaesiphonaceae. Plants often shoviring a difference between basal and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or colonies, usually epiphytic or attached to shells;, reproduction by means of non-motile gonidia formed by the division of the contents of a mother cell (gonidangium).

Family
I.

I.

CHROOCOCCACEAE

Plants solitary or associated in small, indefinite families or colonies, not surrounded by a common (colonial) gelatinous tegument.
1

Cells

spherical;

reproduction by

cell

division in three directions

Chroococcus
2

one direction only Synechocystis Cells oblong, ellipsoidal or cylindrical; sheath wanting; reproduction Synechococcus by cell division in one direction only
Cells spherical; reproduction

by

cell division in

Cells cylindrical or oblong-conical; sheaths thick, hyaline;

reproduc-

tion
II.

by

cell division in

one direction only

Chroothece

Plants associated in families or colonies, surrounded by a gelatinous tegument.

common

(i)

Colonies without definite shape Individual sheaths usually thick, remaining through many divisions, sheath of original mother-cell surrounding entire colony

A
a

Cells spherical

Cells

enclosed

in

vesicle-like,

thick,

colorless

or

colored

sheath, spherical (after division oblong), single or in colonies;

cell

contents blue-green, or of various colors

Gloeocapsa
b
Cells surrounded

by an

elliptical

membrane, forming

colonies,

arranged in short filaments

c

Entophysalis

Cells

surrounded by thick sheath, forming spherical colonial masses; plant mass cushion-like, cartilaginous, incrusted with lime at base, curled at periphery Chondrocystis

B
a

Cells elongate
Cells cylindrical-oblong, surrounded
solitary or

by a

thick,

mucous

sheath,

forming small colonies

Gloeothece

(2)

Individual sheaths not distinct; colony surrounded tegument formed of dissolved individual sheaths
Cells spherical (or angular
in all directions

by common

A
B
2

Cells oblong; cell

from mutual pressure); cell division Aphanocapsa division in one direction Aphanothece

Colonies having a definite characteristic shape (i) Colonies free-floating

Myxophyceae

A
a

Cells having an indefinite arrangement, forming several layers Cells spherical or oblong; colony spherical or oblong, solid

Microcystis

b
c

Cells spherical; colonies of variable shape, at first solid,

becom-

ing saccate and clathrate

Cells

Clathrocystis
ellip-

pear-shaped or heart-shaped; colony spherical or

soid, solid

Gomphosphaeria
oi

B
a

Cells

having a definite arrangement, forming a single layer cube Colonies spherical, hollov^r

(a)

Cells spherical, lying just within the periphery of the colony

Coelosphaerium
(b)

Cells spherical or elongate;

individual sheaths distinct

Coelosphaeriopsis
b
^

Colonies
(a)

flat

Cells of

some definite or symmetrical shape, quadrangular or triangular, solitary or forming colonies

Tetrapedium

(b)
c

Cells spherical; colonies rectangular

Merismopedium
elliptical

Colonies cubical, solid; cells spherical or Colonies adherent to substratum

Cells

Eucapsis
(2)

A
B

spherical or elongate, regularly arranged in radial rows; colonies cushion-like, hard, leathery, verrucose

Oncobyrsa
Cells spherical or oval, irregularly arranged in radial rows; col-

onies irregularly lobed, epiphytic

Chlorogloea

Gerius

CHROOCOCCUS

Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 45. 1849.

Plants either free-floating or forming a gelatinous or crust-like plant in damp places, in fresh or salt water, or within the tissues of other plants, occurring as spherical or angular cells, each surrounded by a more or less definite sheath, solitary or united in twos, fours, eights, etc., but not held together in definite colonies by a common gelatinous tegument; sheaths

mass

thin or wide,

homogeneous or lamellose, colorless or colored; cell contents homogeneous or granular, usually of a blue-green color, sometimes violet,
olive-green, orange or yellowish; reproduction by successive division of the
cells alternately in three directions of space.

I
1

Sheaths hyaline, often lamellose; cell contents orange or yellowish. Cells less than 3 mic. in diameter C. rubrapunctus
Cells
(i)

more than 15 mic. in diameter Plant mass yellowish green; cells 25-50 mic. in diameter
C.

macrococcus
1

(2)

Plant mass orange-colored;

cells

19-34 'e. in diameter

..

,
'

C. turicensis

Minnesota Algae

II Sheaths hyaline, yellowish or brownish, often lamellose; cell contents blue-green, rarely olive-brown, reddish-green, brownish-violet or copper-red.
1

Cells not

embedded

in a gelatinous mass,

mostly solitary

among

other

algae
(i)

A
B
(2)

Sheaths thick, distinctly lamellose; cell contents blue-green Sheaths colorless; cells 13-25 mic. in diameter C. turgidus Sheaths yellowish or brownish;
cells 5.8-11 mic. in

C.

diameter schizodermaticus

A
B

Sheaths not lamellose Cells 5-7 mic. in diameter

Cells 1.7 mic. in diameter
in

C. minutus C. multicoloratus

C Growing
2

hot water;

cells 1-1.5 mic. in

diameter C. thermophilus

Cells
(i)

A
B
(,2)

embedded in a gelatinous mass, not free-floating Sheaths lamellose Sheaths slightly lamellose; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter
C. varius

Sheaths lamellose, finally irregularly peeling off; plants 6-1 1 mic. in diameter C. decorticans Sheaths not lamellose, sometimes scarcely visible Plants S mic. in diameter, mostly subquadrate, often triangular, rarely multiangular; sheaths scarcely perceptible
C. refractus

Plants

4-7.5, rarely

9 mic, in diameter, spherical

C. helveticus

Plant mass pale yellowish; sheaths oblong-elliptical; cells 7.5-13 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green, yellowish or orange
C. pallidus

Plant mass green, later becoming black; sheaths distinct, ellipsoid; cells 2.7-6.6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green
C. cohaerens

E
F

Plant mass blue-green or olive; sheaths scarcely visible; plants 3-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green C. minor Plant mass lead-colored or green becoming black; sheaths thick, mucous; plants 3-8 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green
C.

membraninus
contents green

Cells
(i)

embedded

in a gelatinous, free-floating

mass
cell

Plants 8-13 mic. in diameter, or blue-green

much crowded;

C. limneticus

(2)

Plants 13 mic. in diameter, usually in groups of two; groups lying apart from each other; cell contents grayish-purple
C. purpureas

Myxophyceae
1.

5
Bull.

Chroococcus rubrapunctus WoUe.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:8. 1907.

Torn

Bot. Club. 6: i8i. 1877.

De

Plants 2-2.S mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in masses, aquatic; sheaths thin, gelatinous; cell contents homogeneous, yellowish-orange, surrounding a large orange-red area.

bers.
2.

Pennsylvania. (Wolle).

Not infrequent on boarded

sides of basins

and old tim-

Chroococcus macrococcus (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Flora Europaea Algarum. 2: 33. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 8. 1907. Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandcensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Lemmermann. Algenfl.
Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905.
Plate
I.

fig.

I.

Plant mass more or less extensive, mucous, somewhat thick, yellowishgreen; plants 30-80 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in pairs or fours; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless, later irregularly peeling off; cells 25-50 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous, yellowish, orange or darkcolored.

Hawaii. In stagnant water. Volcano Greenland. (Boergesen). Kea. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).
3.

Mauna

Chroococcus turicensis (Naegeli)

2:160.
f.

58b. 1892.

De

Hansgirg. Prodr. Algenfl. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:9. 1907.

Plate
I.

Bohman.

fig.

2.

Plant mass gelatinous, smooth, orange-colored; plants spherical, single or in pairs or fours; sheaths moderately thick; cells 19-34 mic. in diameter; cell contents finely granular, orange-colored, rarely blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen).
4.

Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetzing) Naegeli.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:
11.

Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849.

De

1907.
et

Nordstedt.
censibus.
3.

De

Algis

Aquae Dulcis

de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvi-

1878.

Dickie.

On

the Algae found during the Arctic Expedi-

Farlow. Marine Algae New EngWolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 334. pi. 210. f. 40, 41. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. Wolle and MartinBennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 116. 1888. 4.1888. dale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast N. J. 2:612. 1889.
tion. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 9. 1880.

land. 27. 1881.

and Adjacent Waters of Staten

Island.

Mem. Torn

Bot. Club,

i: 89.

1889.

Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Anderson. Toronto. Proceedings of Canadian Institute. III. 7: 270. 1890. ColList of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 217. 1891. lins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West 249. 1894. Setchell. Notes on CyanIndies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30:275. 1895.

6
ophyceae.

Minnesota Algae

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. III. Erythea 7:54. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New EngBor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 751. 1900. land Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora 2:41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3:396. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1 179. 1903Lemmermann. AlRiddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5:268. 1905.
:

genfl.

Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. .Tahrb. 34: 614. 1905.

Plate

fig.

3.

Plants spherical, oblong-ellipsoid or more or less angular from compression, single or associated in families of two, four, rarely eight; sheaths
thick, usually lamellose, hyaline;
ctll

cells

13-25,

rarely 40 mic. in diameter;

wall thin; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green, later

becoming

brownish and granular.

Arctic regions. Among Nostoc. Shores of Discovery Bay. (Dickie). Alaska. Distributed through a mass of Microcystis marginata which formed a slimy coating on a perpendicular clifi over which water was trickling. Juneau. (Saunders). Among other algae in pools of fresh water

Canada. High or on dripping rocks. Glacier Valley. Unalaska. (Lawson). Maine. Common among various alPark. Toronto, Ontario. (Mackenzie).
Massachusetts. On gae in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle. (Collins). slimy rocks and piers. Cape Ann. (Davis). On woodwork near high water mark. Everett. Medford. (Collins). On woodwork. County of Nantucket. Connecticut. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). (Collins). New York. Pier. Stapleton, Staten Island; on rocks in brook near Silver

New Jersey. Terrestrial. On moist Ohio. Brush Lake. Champaign County. Fall Washington. In brackish water. Whidbey Island. of 1902. (Riddle). California. On slimy rocks and cliflfs at high water. (Ander(Gardner). son). In fresh, brackish and even in somewhat alkaline waters. (Setchell). West Indies. Among various algae. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Hawaii. In stagnant water. Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).
rocks. Frequent.
.

Lake, spring and summer. (Wolle).

(Pike).

Var. fuscescens (Kuetz.) De Toni. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus deni Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 13.
1907.

Cell contents

Greenland.
5.

becoming dark-colored. Umanak. (Vanhoffen).

Algae of English Lake
61, 63. 1892.

Chroococcus schizodermaticus West. Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc. 742. pi. 10. f.
5:13. 1907-

District.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

West and West.

On some

Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.

16.
f.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275.

pi.

19.

1895.

Plate

I.

fig. 4.

Plants 21-42 mic. in diameter,

somewhat globose or

triangular,

some-

Myxophyceae

times kidney-shaped associated in colonies of two, three or four; colonies solitary or in small groups; sheaths very thick, straw-colored or dark-colored, strongly lamellose, (lamellae 5-10), finally irregularly peeling off; cells S.8-11 mic. in diameter; cell wall somewhat thick; cell contents granular, blue-green.

West
liott).
6.

Indies.

On damp

wall of dam.

Sharp's River.

St.

Vincent. (El-

Chroococcus minutus (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:14. 1907.
Collins,

46. 1849.

De

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

20. no. 951. 1902.

Plants 6-9 mic. in diameter, 10-13 tnic. in length, spherical or oblong, more or less angular, usually united in twos; sheaths somewhat orbicular, hyaline, distinct; cells 5-7 mic. in diameter, 9-10 mic. long; cell contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.

Maine. Growing
7.

in

high pool. Cape Rosier. July 1898. (Collins).

Chroococcus multicoloratus
II. pi. s.
f.

Wood. Fresh-Water Algae North America.

I.

6.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:11. 1907.

Plate
fig.
S.

In a rriucous mass with other algae; plants 3 mic. in diameter, spherical and single, or angular, semi-spherical or irregular and associated in oblong families of from two to four (rarely eight) sheaths thick, hyaline, not lamellose; cells 1.7 mic. in diameter; cell contents mostly homogeneous, sometimes minutely granular, yellowish-green, bluish-green, yellowish, brownish,
;

blackish,

sometimes tinged with bright

lake.

Pennsylvania.
8.

On

wet

rocks.

Near Philadelphia. (Wood).

Chroococcus thermophilus

Wood. Am. Journ. Sci. Arts. 122. 1869; Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 12. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 10. 1907.
S. 335. 1887.

WoUe. Fresh- Water Algae U.

Plants subglobose or oblong, angular, single or in twos or fours, associated in families; sheaths very thick, transparent, not lamellose, homogeneous; cells i-i.S mic. in diameter; cell contents sometimes minutely granular, sometimes homogeneous, greenish.
California. In Nostoc colonies. In hot springs (ioo-i20F.) Benton's Spring. Owen's Valley, sixty miles southwest from the town of Aurora. (Partz).
9.

Chroococcus varius A.

Braun

no. 246, 248, 2456. 1861-78.

De

in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:21. 1907.

Europas.

Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 198. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 104. pi. 8. f. 21. 1898; Am. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Alg. Cent. VI. no. 600. 1902.

Am.

Fasc. 25. no. 1202. 1905. Plant mass gelatinous-mucous, dull brown or olive green; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in twos or fours, rarely forming larger fam-

8
ilies

Minnesota Algae
which occur

as shapeless bunches; sheaths of medium thickness, hyavery slightly lamellose, often pale yellow or orange in color, almost opaque; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale bluish gray or bluish
line,

green, sometimes yellowish.

Massachusetts.

On
1898.

walls of greenhouse.

Botanic Garden. Cambridge.

January

1899.

(Collins).

Montana.
(Griffiths).

In hot springs.

Lo

Lo. September

Lo Lo Hot Springs. Wyoming. On rocks near vent of

geyser. Sometimes heated. Norris Geyser Basin. June 1896. In overflow from spring, temperature 41" C. Frying Pan Basin, July 1896. Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden). Forming a green coating on floor of overflow channel. Temperature 49 C. Constant Geyser, Norris Geyser Basin; in acid waters. Green Spring, between Norris Geyser Basin and Beaver Lake. Yellowstone National Park. 1897. (Weed).

Dr. Setchell
in the
10.

is undoubtedly right genus Pleurocapsa. (See P. c a

in placing the
1

Yellowstone specimens

d a r

a.)

Chroococcus decorticans A. Braun. Betracht. ueber die Erschein. Verjung. in der Natur. 194. 1851.

De
III.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Bull.

5: 18. 1907.

WoUe. Fresh Water

Algae.

Torr.

Bot.

Club. 6: 181.

1877.

Plants 6-1 1 mic. in diameter, single or associated in families of two or four; sheaths distinct, lamellose, finally irregularly peeling off; cell wall
solid, colorless; cell

contents blue-green.

Pennsylvania.
11.

Submerged timbers.

(Wolle).

Chroococcus refractus Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh- Water Algae North America. 11. pi. 5. f. 5. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:20. 1907.
Buchanan.

Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.

Sci.

14: 10.

T908.

Plants 5 mic. in diameter, mostly subquadrate, very often triangular, rarely multiangular, closely associated in solid families; families often lobed; sheaths thin, scarcely perceptible, transparent; cell contents finely granular, brownish, olive-green, or yellowish, highly refractive.

Pennsylvania. Growing abundantly on wet rocks along the Reading Railroad between Manayunk and the Flat Rock tunnel. (Wood). Iowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey).
12.

Chroococcus helveticus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

Syll.

46. pi.

i.

1849.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5:

17.

1907.

Lagerheim.

Ueber

einige

Algen aus Cuba, Jamaica und Puerto-Rico.

Bot. Notiser. 199. 1887.

ilies

cell

Plants 4-7.5 i"ic., rarely 9 mic. in diameter, spherical, associated in famof two, four or eight; sheaths spherical, gelatinous, scarcely visible; wall very thin, colorless; cell contents homogeneous or somewhat gran-

ular,

blue-green or greenish, pale or yellowish in color.

West

Indies.

On Utricularia
1885.

in

stagnant water.

Near Fajardo.

Porto Rico. April

(Sintenis).

Myxophyceae
13.

9
46. pi.
i.
f.

Chroococcus pallidus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 19.

2.

1849.

De

1907.

Snow.

The Plankton Algae

of

Lake

Erie. U. S. Fish

Commission

Bull,

for 1902. 22:392. 1903.

Plant mass mucilaginous, pale yellow-ish; plants 7.5-13 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in families of two, four or eight; sheaths oblong-elliptical, colorless; cells 6-1 1 mic. in diameter; cell walls somewhat thick, homogeneous, hyaline; cell contents finely granular, greenish, yellowish or orange,
rarely bluish or blue-green.

Ohio. Put-in-Bay. I^ake Erie.

14.

Summers

of 1898, 1899, 1900. (Snow).

Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849.

Chroococcus cohaerens (Brebisson) Naegeli.

pi.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:21. 1907. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 335. The Fresh-Water Aljgae of the Plains. Am.

210.

f.

42.

1887.

Webber.
Saunders.

Nat. 23: loii. 1889.

Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pi. i. f. i. 1894. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Am. Fasc. 15. no. 701. 1900. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, II. Rhodora. 7:235. 1905.

Plant mass green, or later becoming greenish black, gelatinous; sheaths globose or oblong, in twos or fours forming colonies 7-15 mic. in diameter; cell wall thin; cell contents homogeneous or slightly granular, of a turbid, blue-green color.
distinct, hyaline, ellipsoid; cells 2.7-6.6 mic. in diameter,

Maine. On United States. On damp walls, rocks, etc. (WoUe). Conshaded cliffs. Eagle Island. Penobscot Bay. July 1892. (Collins). necticut. Among other algae, on abutment of Factory Pond dam. December. (Holden). Nebraska. Stagnant water. Thedford. (Webber, Saunders). West Indies. Amongst other algae on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 ft.). Dominica. November and December, 1892. (Elliott).
X5.

Chroococcus minor (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

4.

47. pi. i

A.

f.

1849.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 23.

1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Bessey, Pound and Clements. AddiJourn. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5:12. 1901. tions to the reported Flora of the State.
Plate
I.

fig.

7.

mucous-gelatinous, dull blue-green or olive green; 3-4 mic. in diameter, rotund, single or in pairs, angular; sheaths mucous, scarcely visible; cell walls very thin, hyaline; cell contents homogeneous, usually pale bluish-green.

Plant

mass

Nebraska.
(4500
ft.).

In aquarium.
(Elliott).

Lincoln. (Bessey).
St.

West

Indies.

On damp

wall of dam. Sharp's River.

Vincent; on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons

Dominica.

Forma minima W. and

G. S. West. loc.

cit.

275. pi. 16.

f.

18. 1895.

Cells 1-1.9 mic. in diameter; families 10-23 mic. in diameter.

lo

Minnesota Algae
West
Indies. With the type from the above-named Shanford Estate. Dominica. (Elliott).
localities.

On

lime

trees.
i6.

Chroococcus membraninus (Meneghini) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

1849.

46.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 23. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

25. no. 1201. 1905.

Plant mass somewhat membranaceous, mucous, lead-colored to green, becoming blackish; plants 3-8 mic. in diameter, globose or subglobose, single, or associated in families of twos or fours; families 8-26 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, mucous, hyaline; cell walls thick, colorless; cell contents

minutely granular, blue or blue-green.

California.

Forming

a zone, yellowish red just above, and blue-green

just below, the edge of the water, very low, in

"The Lagoon,"

Niles, Ala-

meda County. November

17.

1898. (Setchell).

Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann.

Planktonalgen.
5: 16. 1907.

Bot.

Centralb. 76: 153.

1898.

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der De Toni. Syll. Algar.

Snow. The Plankton Algae

for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

of

Lake

Erie. U. S. Fish

Commission

Bull,

Plate

fig.

8.

Plant mass floating free; tegument wide; plants 8-13 mic. in diameter, much crowded, before division globose, after division hemispherical; sheaths hyaline, distinct, lamellose; cell contents greenish or pale blue-green.

Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie.

18.

Summers

of 1898,

1899,

1900.

(Snow).
Erie.

Chroococcus purpureus Snow.

U.
S.

The Plankton Algae

I.

of

Lake

Fish Commission Bull, for 1902. 22: 388. 390. 1903.

Plate
fig.

9.

Plant mass gelatinous, floating free; tegument wide; plants 13 mic. in diameter, spherical, or just before division elongated, usually arranged two by two in colonies of four or eight; sheaths thin; cell contents grayish-purple, changing to brown under unfavorable conditions.

Ohio.

Common

in the

plankton of Lake Erie. Put-in-Bay. (Snow).

Genus
Bull.

SYNECHOCYSTIS

Sauvageau.

Soc. Bot. de France. 39: cxv. 1892.

Plants always globose; sheaths none; cell walls thin not diffluent; cell contents blue-green; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction
only.
J

9.

Synechocystis aquatilis Sauvageau. Sur les Algues d'eau douce recoltees en Algerie pendant la session de la Societe Botanique en 1892. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 39: cxvi. pi. 6. f. 2. 1892. De Toni. SylL
Algar. 5; 26. 1907.
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

25. no.

1206. 1905.

Myxophyceae
Plate
I.

fig.

10.

Submerged; plants
California.

5-6 mic. in diameter, single or in pairs; cell walls

hyaline, very thin; cell contents pale blue-green.

On

the outside of a dripping water tank. Berkeley. April

1904. (Gardner).

Genus

SYNECHOCOCCUS
pi.
i.

Naegeli.
1849.

Gatt. Einz. Alg. 56.

Plants
cell

oblong,

cylindrical

forming families of two or four united

walls thin; cell
pale orange; reproduction
I
1

or ellipsoidal, usually single, occasionally in a row or chain; sheaths none; contents blue-green, sometimes yellowish, pinkish or

by division of the

cells in

one direction only.

S. aeruginosas
S.

Cell contents blue-green.

Cells 7-15 mic. in diameter, 14-26 mic. in length

Cells 2 mic. in diameter, 4-6 mic. in length

2
3

racemosus
length

Growing

in

hot salt water;

cells 3 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. in S. curtus

20.

Synechococcus aeruginosus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

1849.

56.

pi.

E.

f.

i.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:27. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the. White Mountains. Appalachia. 3:236. 1883. Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. II. no. 195. 1896; On some Algal Stalactites of the Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24: 198. pi. 8. f. 6. 1897. Observations on some West American Thermal AlCollins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: gae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. 1898.
230. 1904.

Plate

I.

fig.

II.

Plants 7-IS mic. in diameter, 14-26 mic. in length, oblong or somewhat cylindrical, obtusely rotund at both ends, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous, light or pale blue-green.

New Hampshire. Moist rocks at the (Boergesen). Greenland. Wyoming. One of the three Flume. Lake Willoughby. (Farlow). species of Blue-green algae which formed algal "stalactites." Growing in a small cave made by the cone of a geyser. Valley of the Nez Perces Creek. Lower Geyser Basin. Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).
21.

Synechococcus racemosus Wolle.

Bot. Club. 8:37. 1881.

Fresh-Water Algae. V.

Bull. Torr.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:28. 1907.

Plant mass amorphous, blue-green; plants 2 mic. in diameter, two to four times longer than broad, oblong-cylindrical, with rounded ends, often showing a regular vertical arrangement, densely aggregated; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.
Pennsylvania.
22.

Glass sides of aquarium. Bethlehem. (Wolle).

in Collins,

Synechococcus curtus Setchell Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1351.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

1907.

12

Minnesota Algae

Plants 3 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. long just before dividing, slightly elongated, single or united by strands of transparent jelly; cell walls very thin, scarcely visible; cell contents pale bluish-green.
California.

power house. Oakland. September

Genus

Floating in myriads in hot salt water, near 1905. (Gardner).

Key Route

CHROOTHECE

Hansgirg.
1884.

Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 34:

pi. I.

Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, dark-yellowish; plants cylindrical or oblong-conical, with rotund ends, single or in pairs; sheaths wide, lamellose, hyaline, increasing greatly in thickness at one pole; cell contents distinctly
granular, bright blue-green or orange-yellow; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction only. Plants 18-24 mic. in diameter C. richteriana I
II

Plants

1.5
1

mic. in diameter

C. C.

cryptarum

III
23.

Plants

1-12.5 mic. in

diameter

monococca

Chroothece richteriana Hansgirg.

der Algenflora von
5:29. 1907.
Collins,

Bohmen.

2: 134.

Bot. Notiser. 128. 1884; Prodromus f. 45. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

Collins.

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts
Plate
I.

13. no.

702. 1900.

Sci. 37:239.

1901.

fig.

12.

Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, thick, more or less expanded, bluegreen or yellowish, becoming darker; plants 18-24 mic. in diameter, once to twice as long as wide, single or in pairs; sheaths up to 6 mic. in diameter,

somewhat

colorless.

Bermudas.

West

Indies.

On rocks. The Flats. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow). Among other algae, in small quantity. Montego Bay. (Pease

and Butler).
24.

Chroothece ? cryptarum Farlow in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 752. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:30. 1907.

Plant mass irregular, gelatinous, widely expanded, of a pale blue-green or dirty yellow color; plants 1.5 mic. in diameter, 3 mic. in length, oblong or rod-shaped; sheaths gelatinous, colorless, becoming lamellate and devel-

oping below into densely branching s-like stalks, 7-9 mic. in diameter, 25-50 mic. in length; cell contents blue-green, without definitely shaped chromatophore; cell division usually in one, occasionally in two
directions.

Urococcu

Bermudas. On calcareous rocks January 1900. (Farlow).

25.

in caves

by the seashore. Bermuda.

Chroothece monococca (Kuetzing) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algenflora von Bohmen. 2: 134. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:30. 1907.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, blue-green; families 15-20 mic. in diameter; plants 11-12.5 mic. in diameter, up to twice as long as broad, ellip-

Myxophyceae

13

soid or oblong, obtusely rounded on both ends, single or in pairs; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green.

Var. mellea (Kuetz.)

Hansgirg.
Algae.
II.

loc. cit. 135. 1892.

De

Toni. loc.
6: I37-

cit. 31.

WoUe. Fresh-Water

Bull.

Torr.

Bot.

Club.

i877-

(Gloeocapsa mellea
Colorado. (Wolle).

Kuetz.).

Cell contents yellowish-red or yellowish-brown.

Genus

-GLOEOCAPSA

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

174.

1843.

Plants spherical (or immediately after division oblong), either single or a number associated in families; each cell enclosed in a vesicle-like, strongly thickened, usually distinctly lamellose sheath; sheaths often very thick, colorless or colored, usually lamellose; lamellae often peeling off; cell contents blue-green, bluish, steel-blue, reddish, yellowish, etc.; repro-

duction by division of .the cells alternately in three directions.

two daughter-cells, each one secretes a sheath being enclosed by the sheath of the mother-cell. As division goes on, the sheath of the original cell remains enveloping the entire family, and in fact all the sheaths remain in existence. Therefore, there will always be one less than twice as many sheaths as there are cells in the family (in a family of four cells there will be seven sheaths; in Later generaa family of sixteen cells there will be thirty-one sheaths). tions of cells are smaller than the first ones.
a cell divides into

When

about

itself,

the

two

still

I
I

Sheaths colorless Sheaths lamellose Sheaths wide (i) A Plant mass steel blue, green, olive or dull yellow; plants 7-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, indistinctly lamellose; cells 3-5 G. granosa mic. in diameter

Plant mass dull green or olive; plants 3-4.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, with numerous concentric lamellae G. polydermatica
Plant mass green; plants 7-15 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, more or less distinctly lamellose; cells 2.2-3.4 mic. in diameter G. fenestralis

D
(2)

Plant mass somewhat olivaceous; plants 6-17 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick; cells 3.7-6 mic. in diameter G. arenaria

A
B

Sheaths narrow Plant mass pale yellow becoming greenish; growing in hot water; plants 19-39 rnic- "n diameter; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter G. montana
Plant mass mucilaginous, dull green or gray becoming blackish, or red becoming brownish; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter; cells G. quaternata 3-4.S mic. in diameter
Plant mass a calcareous crust, light gray or green; plants 6-9 mic. G. calcarea in diameter

14

Minnesota Algae

Plant mass gelatinous, brownish, growing on Z o s t e r a; sheaths numerous, distinct; cells 9-1 1 mic. in diameter, 19-26 mic. in
length
G. zostericola

(i)

Sheaths sometimes lamellose Plant mass blue-green or greenish; sheaths not distinctly lamellose A Free-floating; cells .75-2.8 mic. in diameter G. punctata

B
(2)

On

wet rocks; plants 4-8 mic.

in

diameter;

cells

2-3

mic.

in

diameter

G. aeruginosa

Plant mass olive or green; plants 6.2-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths narrow, lamellose when old; cells 2.5 mic. in diameter G. gelatinosa Plant mass dull olive; plants 7-1 1 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, not at all or scarcely lamellose; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter G. conglomerata

(3)

(i)

Sheaths not lamellose Plant mass flesh-colored to yellowish; plants 2.5-5.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents flesh-colored to honey-colored G. mellea
Plant mass black; plants 9-14 mic. in diameter; cells 3.5-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green G. atrata

(2)

II
1

Sheaths yellowish or brownish

(i)

Sheaths lamellose Plant mass dull olive to brownish-green; sheaths colorless or yellowish G. muralis
Plant mass grayish-brown to black; sheaths very thick, yellowish or orange, becoming darker G. rupestris

(2)

(i)

Sheaths sometimes lamellose Plants 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths usually not lamellose; 1.5-2 mic. in diameter G. fusco-lutea
Plants 12 mic. in diameter; sheaths cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter

cells

(2)

homogeneous or lamellose;
G. sparsa

(3)

Colonies subglobose; sheaths somewhat lamellose; cells 9-15 mic. in diameter G. gigas
olive-green; plants 5-8 mic. G. crepidinum
in

Sheaths not lamellose; plant mass diameter

III
I

Sheaths

violet, purple

or red.

Sheaths lamellose (i) Plant mass purple, sometimes becoming black A Sheaths deep purple or copper-brown; plants 6-12 mic. in diameter
G.

magma

Sheaths violet or reddish-purple; plants 7.5-12 mic. in diameter; cells 2-4.5 mic. J" diameter G. janthina

Myxophyceae
C
2

15

Sheaths very thick, opaque, intensely lamellose; plants 10-17 mic. in diameter; cells 4-7 mic. in diameter G. ralfsiana

Sheaths sometimes lamellose; plant mass colorless or dark purple, growing in hot water; plants 6-7.8 mic. in diameter; cells 1-2.6 mic. in diameter G. thermalis
(i)

Sheaths not lamellose Plant mass violet becoming gray or black A Plants 4-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths violet, thick, often opaque; cells 1.8-2.5 mic. in diameter G. ambigua

B
(2)

Plants

10-17 mic.

cells 3.5 mic. in

in diameter; sheaths violet or rose-colored; diameter G. violacea

A
B
26.

Plant mass reddish-orange, dark red or black Plants 11-24 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, soon peeling oE C. dubia

Sheaths intensely blood-red, very wide;

cells 3.5-9 mic. in

diameter G. sanguinea
i: pi. 36.
f.

Gloeocapsa granosa (Berkeley) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

1845-1849.

VIII.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

III.

5: 53. 1907.

Wolle.

Fresh Water Algae.

Bull.

Torr. Hot. Club. 6: 182. 1877.

(Gloeothece granosa

Rabenh.).
Plate
I.

fig.

13.

somewhat cartilaginous, granular, more or less spreading; plants 7-8 mic. in diameter, globose or oblong, usually two or four in families 18-60 mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, many times exceeding the lumen of the
Plant

mass

compact,

gelatinous,

steel blue, green, olive, or dull yellow,

cell,

cell

indistinctly lamellose, colorless or nearly so; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter; contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania.
27.

Wet

rocks. (Wolle).
i
:

Gloeocapsa polydermatica Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:51. 1907.

pi. 20.

1845-1849.

De

Collins. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pi. 210. f. 29-31. 1887. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 126. 1896.
Calif.

Pub. Bot.

i: 179.

1903.

Plate

I.

fig. 14.

Plant mass gelatinous, more or less compact, dull green or dusky olive; plants 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths very thick, hyaline, lamellose, with numerous concentric firm lamellae; cell contents somewhat

homogeneous, blue-green or green.

Alaska.

Lawson).

On dripping rocks. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Massachusetts. On dripping rocks. Cascade, Middlesex Fells.

i6
(Collins).

Minnesota Algae
Pennsylvania.

<Wolle).

Hawaii.

Volcano

Mauna

Kea,

Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).

28.

Gloeocapsa fenestralis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

Algar. 5:53. 1907.

173.

1843.

De

Toni. Syll.
Bull, for

Snow.

The Plankton Algae

of

Lake

Erie.

U.

S.

Fish

Comm.

1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Plate

I.

fig.

IS.

Plant mass thin, mucous, expanded, irregular, green; plants 7-15 mic. in diameter, spherical or oblong, associated in families 16-48 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, colorless, more or less distinctly lamellose, often quickly peeling off; cells 2.2-3.4 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.

Ohio.
29.

Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).

2: 39. 1865.

Gloeocapsa arenaria (Hassall) Rabenhorst. PI. ur. Algar.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

54,

1907.

West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 27:207. 1889. Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 2:46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pi. I. f. 3. 1894. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14:9. 1909.
Plate
I.

fig.

16.

Plant mass mucous, adherent, olivaceous; plants 6-17 mic. in diameter, up to 43 mic. in diameter; sheaths oblong or somewhat spherical, thick, colorless, lamellose, soon peeling off; cells 3.7-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents distinctly granular, blue-green or green,
spherical, associated in families

becoming darker.
Maine. (West). Minnesota. Near Minneapolis. (Lilley). Iowa. Abundant on flower pots in greenhouse. Ames. 1904. (Buchanan). Forming thin blue-green coating on damp stones. Grinnell. 1905. (Fink). Nebras"

ka.
30.

On

flower pots in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Saunders).

173.

Gloeocapsa montana Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

Syll.

no.

i.

1843.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5:

51.

1907.
II.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent.

no. 197. 1896. (Gl.

montana

cal-

darii

Sur.).

Plate

I.

fig.

17.

Plant mass amorphous, somewhat thick, mucous, pale yellow, becoming greenish; plants 19-39 niic. in diameter, spherical or somewhat spherical, usually solitary; sheaths lamellose, colorless, sometimes peeling off; cells
3-6

mic. in diameter;

cell

contents somewhat opaque, homogeneous,

or

slightly granular, pale blue-green.

Wyoming. In warm overflow water. Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).

Myxophyceae
31.

17
i: pi. 20.
f.

Gloeocapsa quarternata (Brebisson) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

1845-1849.

i.

Collins. Arts Sci. 37:239. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 499. 1901 Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901;
;

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:52. 1907. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad.

Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1:168. 1902.
Plate
I.

fig.

18.

Plant mass mucous, gelatinous, more or less spread out, dull, green becoming blackish, or red becoming brownish; plants 7-1 1 mic. in diameter, usually spherical, solitary or in twos or fours; sheaths narrow, lamellose, colorless, rotund or oblong; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous or slightly granular, blue-green or greenish.
Roadside. Bath. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). a gray-green, mucilaginous coating, on wet cliffs. South of Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
Indies.

West

Hawaii.

Forming

32.

Gloeocapsa calcarea Tilden. List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2:29. 1898.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:40. 1907.

Tilden.

American Algae. Cent.

III. no. 299.

1898.

Plant mass forming a calcareous crust, light gray to light blue-green in color, 2-3 mm. in thickness; plants 6-9 mic. in diameter; families 25-50 mic. in diameter, composed of from 4-16 plants; sheaths colorless, somewhat
thin; cell contents granular, blue-green.

Wisconsin. Forming a calcareous crust (with other lime-secreting forms) on boards where spring water from trough drips down constantly. Osceola.

September
33.

1897. (Tilden).

Gloeocapsa zostericola Farlow.

Torr. Bot. Club. 9:68. 1882.

Notes on

New England

Algae. Bull.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:57. 1907.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, brownish; families 40-100 mic. in diameter; sheaths numerous, distinct (lamellose?); cells g-ii mic. in diameter, 19-26 mic. in length, flattened-hemisperical, concave on the inner surface, in families of

twos or fours.
s t

Massachusetts. On Z o August 1881. (Farlow).

34.

e r a

mixed with C a 1 o

x.

Wood's Hole.

Gloeocapsa punctata Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

51.

pi.

F.

f.

6.

1849.

Snow.

The Plankton Algae

of

Lake

Erie, etc.

U.

S.

Fish

Comm.

Bull.

for 1902. 22:392. 1903.

Plant mass mucous, blue-green or gray; families 23 mic. wide, containing 2-16 plants; sheaths thick, not distinctly lamellose; inner lamellae diffluent; cells .75-2.8 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents homogeneous,
pale blue-green.

Ohio.

Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow.)

Minnesota Algae
Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (Carmichael) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.
2.

55.

i: pi. 21.

f.

184S-1849.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

Plate
I.

55.

1907.

fig.

19-

Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877; Moebius. Ueber einFresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pi. 210. f. 27, 28. 1887. ige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27:248.
1888.

WoUe.

Plant mass crustaceous, grumose or cartilaginous-mucous, blue-green or gray-green;' families 16-50 mic. in diameter; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths thick, colorless, indistinctly lamellose; outer lamellae
often sinuate, angular; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter; cell contents
ous, blue-green.

homogene-

Indies.

West New York. Niagara. (WoUe). (Borgesen). a dark green layer on stone in cave. "El Convento", near Porto Rico. (Benecke). Penuelas, Porto Rico. (Sintenis).
Greenland.

Forming

36.

Gloeocapsa gelatinosa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

Algar. 5:54. 1907.

174.

1843.

De

Toni. Syll.

Plate

I.

fig.

20.

WoUe. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. i877West and West. A further contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34:289. 1898-1900.
Plant mass lubricous, bullose, olive or green, inundated; plants 6.2-10 mic. in diameter, globose-oblong, associated in families about 25 mic. in diameter; sheaths rather narrow, colorless, lamellose when old; lamellae

permanent;
green.

cells

2.5

mic. in diameter; cell contents

homogeneous, blue-

United States. (WoUe). Dominica. (Elliott).

37.

West

Indies.

On

banks.

Morne

Micotrin,

Gloeocapsa conglomerata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

1849.

i:

16. pi. 20.

f.

8.

1845-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:56. 1907.

Plate
I.

fig.

21.

Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat granular, expanded, dull olive-green; plants 7-1 1 mic. in diameter, spherical, aggregated, associated in families 2245 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, colorless, not at all or scarcely lamellose; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green or green, becoming

brownish.
Colorado.
38.

On Cladophora.

(Porter, Wolle).
i: pi. 23.
f.

Gloeocapsa mellea Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:46. 1907.

V. 1845-1849.

De

Wolle.

Fresh Water Algae.

II. Bull.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.

Plant mass soft, crustaceous, pale flesh-colored to yellowish; families 10-22 mic. in diameter; plants 2.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or angular, usually arranged in globose or oblong families of two or four; sheaths

Myxophyceae
hyaline, colorless,

19

somewhat homogeneous;
walls and bare
earth,

cell

contents flesh-colored to

honey-colored.

Colorado.

On

often mixed with other algae.

(WoUe).
39.

Gloeocapsa atrata (Turpin) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

1849.

i: pi. 21.

f.

4.

1845-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plate

5:
I.

57.
fig.

1907.

22.

Plant mass crustaceous, mucous, black; plants 9-14 mic. in diameter,

spherical; sheaths very
tliick,

hyaline, or pale blue,

cell; cells 3.5-4.5

three times as wide as

tents

lumen of

homogeneous, two or mic. in diameter; cell con-

somewhat

granular, pale blue-green.

Alaska.
40.

(Setchell).
i: pi.

Gloeocapsa muralis Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 52. 1907.

21.

f.

i.

1845-1849.

De

Plate

I.

fig.

23.

Plant mass more or less expanded, delicate, gelatinous, dull olive to brownish-green; plants 13-26 mic. in diameter, usually ellipsoid or oblong;
sheaths spherical or elliptical, hyaline, colorless or yellowish, usually indistinctly lamellose; cells 5-8 mic. in diameter; cell contents somewhat granulose, blue-green.

West
41.

Indies. St. Vincent. (West).

i:

Gloeocapsa rupestris Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

17. pi. 22.

f.

2.

1845-1849.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:46. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 599. 1902.

Plate

I.

fig.

24.

Plant mass grayish-brown to black, crustaceous, somewhat hard; plants

spherical, associated in families 15-7S mic. wide; sheaths very thick, lamellose, yellowish or orange becoming darker; cells 6-9 mic. in diameter;

contents granular, blue-green. Minnesota. On New Jersey. (Wolle). Greenland. (Boergesen). moist wall growing on lime encrusted moss and on disintegrated limestone. In stene quarry. Near campus. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
cell

November
42.

1901. (Lilley).
224. 1849.

Gloeocapsa fusco-lutea (Naegeli) Kuetzing. Spec. Algar.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 47. 1907.

De

Plant mass crustaceous, becoming black; families 50 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; plants 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, globose; sheaths yellow or yellowish-brown, usually not lamellose; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter; cell
contents blue-green becoming pale.

North America.
43.

(Setchell).

Gloeocapsa sparsa Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae America. 13. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:45. 1907.

North

20
Plate
I.

Minnesota Algae
fig.

25.

Plant mass mucous; plants 12 mic. in diameter, associated in families of to eight; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, oval or oblong; sheaths having firm inner layer, homogeneous or lamellose, yellowishbrown, rarely colorless, outer layer homogeneous or lamellose, colorless or nearly so (generally scarcely visible); cell contents homogeneous.

from two

Pennsylvania.

gelatinous coating of a light

Forming, with other algae, a rather firm, grumous or brown color, growing on rocks. Fairmount
Philadelphia.

Water Works, near

44.

(Wood).

Gloeocapsa gigas W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30:276. pi. 16. f. 11-13.
1895.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:47. 1907.

Plate
I.

fig.

26, 27.

Colonies subglobose, solitary or somewhat aggregated, consisting of from four to thirty-six cells; colonial tegument subglobose, hard, often somewhat rugose on .surface, yellowish or brownish; sheaths indistinct, few, pale yellowish; cells 9-15 mic. in diameter, subglobose or oblong; cell walls smooth or finely granular; cell contents granular, blue-green.

West
45.

Indies.

On damp
De

wall of dam.

St.

Vincent. (Elliott).
i
:

Gloeocapsa crepidinum (Rabenhorst) Thuret. Notes Algologiques.

pi.
I.
f.

2.

1-3. 1876.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:44. 1907.

1881.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 27. pi. i. f. i. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888; Algae from Atlantic

Collins.

City, N. J. Bull.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 95. 1888. Torr. Bot. Club. 15:309. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1:89. 1889. WoUe and Martindale.
2:611. 1889.

New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert 2: 217. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Fasc. 8. no. 351. 1897. Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1151. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in

Plate

I.

fig. 28.

Plant mass

gelatinous,

somewhat

soft,

olive-green

when

dried); plants 5-8 mic. in diameter, solitary or

in

(becoming black twos or fours;

sheaths yellowish-brown, not lamellose; cells 4-7 mic. in diameter.

Maine. Eastport. (Farlow.) On old logs in a salt marsh. Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay. July 1896. (Collins). Common on rocks, etc.' near highMassachusetts. Gloucester. (Farlow). On woodwater mark. (Collins). work near high-water mark. Everett; Medford. (Collins). Rhode Island. Connecticut. On stonework; on wharf logs. StratNewport. (Farlow). New York. Staten Island. ford Shoals. May, September. (Holden). New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). (Pike).

Myxophyceae
California.

21

On wharves at high water. On northern and middle coasts. (Anderson). Forming gelatinous masses on logs floating in salt water. Alameda. September 1903. (Osterhout, Gardner).
46.

Gloeocapsa
I.

magma
De

1845-1849.

(Brebisson) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 35. 1907.

i:

17.

pi.

22.

f.

Algae, in Hooker. An account of the plants collected by Dr. Greenland and Arctic America during the Expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht "Fox", 21 June i860. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861. (Sorospora montana Harv.); Notes on a collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Taylor, and remarks on Arctic species in general. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 242. Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand1867. vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:9. 1880. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3:236. 1883. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pi. 210. f. 26-31. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found 1887. in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 151. 1896. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 229. 1904. Lemmermann. Algnfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Dickie.
in

Walker

Plate

I.

fig.

29.

Plant mass grumous, crustaceous, coppery-purple, becoming black

eter, spherical;

when

dried; families 30-70, rarely 300 mic. in diameter; plants 6-12 mic. in diam-

sheaths lamellose, deep purple or copper-brown, usually not

in diameter,

pellucid,
diffluent;

the external layer very broad, globose, paler or colorless, soon

cells 4.5-7 mic.

spherical; cell contents blue-green,

granular, often

becoming brownish.

Dominion of Canada. Fresh water. Port Kennedy. (Walker). Cumberland Sound, Davis Strait. (Taylor). Marshes, Floeberg Beach, 82 27' N. Greenland. Fresh water brook. Karaiak, near south end of (Dickie). (Vanhoffen). Nunataks, Umanakdistrikt. 1892, 1893. United States.
Forming a purplish-brown, grumous thallus. (Wolle). New Hampshire. on wet stones at the top of Cabot Mountain, Shelburne. (Farlow). One of the species composing the brown coating of the wall of "The Massachusetts. Forming a dark Flume." September 1904. (Collins). purplish slimy coating on perpendicular wet rocks. Middlesex Fells. June

Common

Minnesota. shaded rocks. (Wolle). Iowa. On granitic boulders. Hawaii. Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii; on stones. Fayette. (Fink). Island of Oahu. (Berggren).
1895.

(Collins).

New

Jersey.

On

On

rocks. Taylor's Falls. July 1896. (Fink).

Var. itzigsohnii

Bohmen.

2: 147- 1892.

(Bornet) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algenflora von De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 36. 1907.

22

Minnesota Algae
WoUe.
Fresh Water Algae.
Bornet).
II.

Bull.

Torr.

Bot.

Club. 6: i37-

i877.

(G.

itzigsohnii

Plant mass brownish-red; families 15-60 mic. in diameter; sheaths conspicuously lamellose, the inner layers coppery-red, the outer ones paler or colorless; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid; cell contents greenish.

Pennsylvania. Shaded rocks. (Wolle).

47.

Gloeocapsa janthina Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

51.

pi.

F.

f.

5.

1849.

De
Collins,

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:40. 1907.

Wolle.

Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1205. 1905.

Plant mass crustaceous, black; plants 7.5-12 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths violet or reddish-violet, outer layers paler, sometimes peeling off; cells 2-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green.
railroad

Greenland. (Boergesen). Massachusetts. On dripping masonry under bridge. Melrose. August 1902. (Collins). New York. Cliffs. Niagara. (Wolle).
48.

Gloeocapsa ralfsiana (Harvey) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

1849.

i:

pi.

23.

1845-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

Plate
I.

37.
fig.

1907.
30.

Plant mass gelatinous, compact, dull dusky purple; plants 10-17 rnic. in diameter, associated in families of from 2-8 cells; sheaths very thick, opaque, intensely purple, the outer layers very wide, nearly colorless, usually angular from pressure, sometimes diffluent; cell contents granular, pale blue-green.

Greenland.
49.

In

Parmelia saxatilus.
pi. 7.
f.

(WuUschlaegel).
Sandwich-Inselji. Bot. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 36. 1907.

Gloeocapsa thermalis Lemmermann. Algenfl.

Jahrb. 34: 614.
12-18. 1905.

De
31.

Plate

I.

fig.

Plant mass mucous, hyaline or dark-purple; families 2-8 celled, usually oblong, 8-1 1 mic. in length; plants, including sheath, 6-7.8 mic. in diameter, globose, often solitary; sheaths hyaline or dark purple, granular; cells 1-2.6 mic. in diameter, globose, pale blue-green.

Hawaii.

In hot water.

Volcano of Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii.

1896-97. (Schauinsland).
50.

Gloeocapsa ambigua Naegeli

Syll.

in

Kuetz. Spec. Algar. 220. 1849.

De

Toni.

Algar.

5:

41.

1907.

Setchell and Gardner.

Pub. Bot.
in

i:

179. 1903.

(G.

ambigua

Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. f. fuscolutea Naeg.)

Calif.

Plant mass crustaceous, violet becoming black; families about 62 mic. diameter; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths violet, usually opaque not lamellose; cells 1.8-2.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.

Myxophyceae
Alaska.
51.

23

In mountain stream. Orca. (Jepson).

Fl.

Gloeocapsa violacea (Corda) Rabenhorst.

Eur. Algar. 2: 41. 1865.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 39. 1907.
II. no. 196. 1896;

Tilden.
tites of the

American Algae. Cent.

On some

Algal stalac-

Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24: 198. pi. 8. f. 5. 1897; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 551. 1898. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, 1899. II. Rho-

dora. 7:235. 1905.

Plate

I.

fig. 32.

Plant mass thin, mucous or gelatinous, dull violet or grayish-violet; families about 100 mic. in diameter; plants 10-17 mic. in diameter, globose;
sheaths not lamellose, violet or rose-colored; outer layers colorless, hyaline, very wide; cells 3.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, blue-green. Alaska.
(Setchell).

Connecticut.

''On vertical face of moist lime-

it, a mile or so from the station Bridge." Gaylordsville. October 1898. (Holden). Wyoming. Valley of the Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June i8g6. (Tilden).

stone, east side of road

and

few rods from

on the road to

Bull's

52.

Gloeocapsa dubia Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 1092. Kirchner. Algen. Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien. 256. 1878.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

34.

1907.

Farlow.

Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Ap-

palachia. 3:236. 1883.

Plant mass either grumous or widely expanded, gelatinous, firm, reddish-orange, when dried generally of a dull greenish color; plants 11-24 T^ic. in diameter, spherical or oblong, densely aggregated, usually associated in
families of twos or fours; sheaths very thick, usually twice the diameter of the
cell,

not lamellose, soon peeling

oflf;

cell

contents granular, brownish,

when

dried

homogeneous and

bluish-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen). Mountain, Shelburne. (Farlow).

53.

New

Hampshire.

On

rocks.

Flume; Cabot

Gloeocapsa sanguinea (Agardh) Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 36.

174.

1843.

De

1907.

Plant mass thin, gelatinous, extended, blood red, or thicker, somewhat crustaceous and black; families 25-50, rarely 140 mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, not lamellose, intensely blood red, inner layers pale red, outer layers colorless or nearly colorless; cells 3.5-9 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, pale blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen).

Genus

ENTOPHYSALIS

Kuetz. Phyc. Gen.

177. 1843-

Plant mass globose, cartilaginous, including numerous, more or less confluent small families of cells; cells spherical, each surrounded by an elliptical sheath, associated in families.

24
I

Minnesota Algae
Plant mass crustaceous; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter
Plant mass mucous; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter E. granulosa
E. magnoliae
177. pi.

II
54.

Entophysalis granulosa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:58. 1907.
Collins.

XVIII.

f.

5 1843.

309. 1888.

Martindale.

Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Marine Algae of the

Bull.

New

Torr. Bot. Club. 15: Jersey coast and adja-

and Martindale.

Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 89. 1889. WoUe Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Collins. Notes on New England Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:611. 1889. Collins, Holden Marine Algae, VI. Bull. Torn Bot. Club. 23:1. 1896. Collins. Prelimand Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 152. 1896.
cent waters of Staten Island.

inary Lists of

New England

Plants,

-V.
I.

Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,

Plate
fig.

Marine Algae. Rhodora; 2:41. 1900; I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

33-

Plant mass crustaceous, up to

cartilaginous
to
fragile,

mm.

in thickness, cells

brownish or black;

2-5

granular and warted, mic. in diameter;

sheaths very thick, lamellose, brownish.

Maine. Forming an incrustation on edge of rocky tide pool, at extreme Massachusetts. (Colhigh water mark. Cape Rosier. July 1895. (Collins). lins). Connecticut. Forming a crust on stones between tide marks. New Jersey. On old Fresh Pond, Stratford. August 1895. (Holden). "Forming a crumbly incrustation shells. Atlantic City. (Morse, Collins). at high-water mark, and seeming to prefer lagoons or high tide-pools, where the water is quite salt and where the level does not vary much." Collins.

55.

Entophysalis magnoliae Farlow. Marine Algae of 1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 58. 1907.

New

England.

29.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of Rhodora. 2:41. 1900.

New England

Plants,

V.

Marine Algae.

eter,

Plant mass mucous; families densely branched; cells 4-6 mic. in diamdark purple, united in twos and fours, embedded in jelly.

Maine. (Collins).
rocks. Rare.

Massachusetts. Forming a thin slime on exposed Autumn. Magnolia Cove, Gloucester. (Farlow).

Genus CHONDROCYSTIS Lemmerm. Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen. 353. 1899.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, widely expanded, up to 35 cm. high, cartilaginous, soft, fragile, encrusted with lime at the base, curled up at periphery; families consisting of spherical masses of cells lying free, the mem-

branes of which seem to be thickened into one layer.

56.

Chondrocystis schauinslandii Lemmermann. Ergebn. einer Reise n. d. Algenfl. Sandwich-InPacific. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 16: 353. 1899;
seln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 615. pi.
S:
59.
7.
f.

22-29. 1905.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.

Myxophyceae
Plate
I.

25
fig.

34-36.

Plant mass rose-colored to red, thick, cushion-like, widely expanded, encrusted with lime on the under side; cells somewhat spherical or elongate, 2 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length; sheath thick.

Hawaii.

On

sides of lagoon. Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Genus

GLOEOTHECE

Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 57. 1849.

Colonies embedded in a common gelatinous tegument; cells cylindricaloblong, rounded at the ends, each surrounded by a wide mucous homogeneous or lamellose sheath; reproduction by transverse division of the cells in

one direction only.

I 1

Individual sheaths colorless

Cells .8-2.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length

G. linearis

Cells 1.6-3 mic. in diameter, 2.2-7.5 mic. in length

G. confluens
3

Cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter, 6-15 mic. in length

Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length

G. rupestris G.

4
5

membranacea
crescent-

Cells 2.5-2.7 mic. in diameter, 4.8-5.7 mic. in length,

somewhat

shaped with acute apices

II
I

G. lunata

Individual sheaths partly or entirely colored

(1)

Plant mass usually free-floating Sheaths colorless at margins;

cells 3-4 mic. in

diameter
G.

magna

(2)

Sheaths usually brownish or yellowish; 6-1 1 mic. in length

cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter,

G. fuscolutea
58.

57.

Gloeothece linearis Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

Algar. 5 62. 1907.
:

1849.

De

Toni. Syll.

West and West.

On some
Plate

Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30:276. 1895.

II.
fig.
I,

2.

Plant mass gelatinous, dull yellow becoming reddish; plants 9.5-10.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length; sheaths very wide, colorless, hyaline, oblong or somewhat reniform; cells .8-2.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in
length, linear-cylindrical, straight or curved, usually single; cell contents pale blue-green or green.

West
ott).
58.

Indies.

On damp

wall of dam, Sharp's River,

St.

Vincent. (Elli-

Gloeothece confluens Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

58. pi.

G.

f.

i.

1849.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:60. WoUe. Fresh Water Algae.

Fresh-Water Algae U.
dlesex County. 16. 1888. logue of Plants found in

1907.
III.

Bull.
f.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877;

Collins.

S. 325. pi. 210.

6.

1887.

Algae of Mid-

WoUe and Martindale. New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

Algae. Britten's CataJ. 2:610. 1889.

26
Plate
II. fig. 3-

Minnesota Algae

Plant mass gelatinous, amorphous, pale reddish-yellow or greenish; plants 9-10 mic. in diameter, 12-16 mic. in length; sheaths wide, hyaline, colorless; cells 1.6-3. mic. in diameter, 2.2-7.5 "lie. in length, oblong-cylindrical, single or in pairs; cell

contents homogeneous, greenish or becoming

paler.

Massachusetts.

On wet
(Wolle).
59.

rocks.

(WoUe).

Calcareous springs. Newton. (Farlow). Pennsylvania. On wet rocks.

New

Jersey.

Bethlehem.

Gloeothece rupestris (Lyngbye) Bornet. Les Algues de P. K. A. Schousboe. 177. 1892. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Alg. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc.
no. 399. 1880.
Collins,

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. S:

Setchell.

63.

1907.
15.

Holden and

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

1905.,

no. 703. 1900;

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

25.

no.

1204.

(G.

cystifera

(Hass.)

Rab.)

Plate

II. fig. 4.

Families 25-45 r"ic. in diameter, spherical or oval, containing two, four or eight plants; plants 8-12 mic. in diameter, 12-36 mic. in length; sheaths
colorless or brownish-yellow; cells 4-5.5 length; cell contents blue-green.

mic.

in

diameter, 6-15

mic.

in

California. On dripping boards. Lake Chabot. San Leandro, Alameda Bermudas. On ground. County. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner). Spanish Point. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow).

Var. tepidariorum (A. Br.)

Hansirg. Prodromus.

2:

136,

f.

46.

1892.

De
(G.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Collins,

5: 64. 1907.

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

13.

no. 601. 1899.

cystifera

(Hass.) Rab.).

Plant mass dusky olive or brownish blue-green, often widely expanded;

families 21-40 mic. in diameter, 30-50 mic. in length, containing usually

two

or four plants;
ular, blue-green.

cells 5-6 mic. in diameter, 5-15 mic. in length, elliptical or

long-cylindrical, after division almost spherical; cell contents finely gran-

Rhode

Island.

On wood work

of

dam. Centredale. April

1894.

(Osterhout).
60.

Gloeothece membranacea (Rabenhorst) Bornet. Les Algues de P. K. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 61. 1907. A. Schousboe. 175. 1892.
Plant mass membranaceous (resembling a

cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length,

N o s t o c), dark olive green; always oblong before division;

sheaths disappearing after third or fourth division.

North America.
61.

(Collins).

Gloeothece lunata

from the West

W. and G. S. West. On some Freshvvrater Algae Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. pi. 16. f. 9. 1895.
5
:

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

65. 1907.

Myxophyceae
Plate
II.
fig.
5.

^j

Colonies 19 mic. in diameter, 32.5 mic. in length, oval or

2.5-2.7 mic. in diameter, 4.8-5.7 mic. in length,

elliptical; cells

with acute apices, associated in families of geneous, blue-green.

somewhat crescent shaped, two or four; cell contents homo-

West

Indies.

On damp

wall of dam. Sharp's River. St. Vincent.

May
Bot.

1892. (Elliott).
62.

Gloeothece magna Wolle.

Club. 6: 138. 1877.

Fresh Water Algae.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

II.

Bull.

Torr.

De

5: 62. 1907.

Plant mass large, thin, irregularly oblong, pale yellowish green: colony containing many plants; sheaths usually colorless at the margins; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, nearly twice as long as wide.

Pennsylvania. Forming a coating on small water plants, or floating in ponds, many families joined together. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).
63.

Gloeothece fuscolutea Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

Syll. Algar. 5: 66.

58.

1849.

De

Toni.

1907.

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 500. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 147. 1902.

less,

blue-green; sheaths thick, lamellose, colormic. long, oblongcylindrical, single or associated in families of four or eight; cell contents

Plant mass

soft, gelatinous,

brownish or yellowish;

cells 4-5.5 mic. wide, 6-11

blue-green.

Hawaii.

Covering surface of water

in plat in rice field. Aiea.

Oahu.

June

1900. (Tilden).

Genus

APHANACAPSA

Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Alg.

52. 1849.

Plant mass more or less expanded, colorless or blue-green, yellow or brown; plants spherical or angular from mutual pressure, single or in pairs;
individual sheaths thick, very soft, colorless, not distinct, confluent into a mucous, amorphous, homogeneous colonial tegument; tegument colorless or tinted brown or blue-green; reproduction by successive division of the
cells alternately in three directions.
I
1

Plant mass colorless.

Cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter Cells 10-16 mic. in diameter

A. elachista

2
II
1

A. zanardinii

Plant mass green or blue-green. diamPlant mass globose, gelatinous, dirty green; cells 3.2-5.6 mic. in A. grevUlei eter
mic. in Plant mass hemispherical, gelatinous, blue-green-; cells 5-6 A. rivularis diameter

28
3

Minnesota Algae
Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, dirty green or olive A. virescens
Plant mass brown.
Cells 4.S-S-S mic. in diameter

III

A. brunnea

64.

Aphanocapsa elachista W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. pi. 15.
f.

9, 10. 1895.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plate
11.
fig.

5: 73. 1907.
6.

Colonies 26-38 mic. in diameter, not forming a distinct plant mass, very small, somewhat globose; sheaths firm, gelatinous, colorless, not 1amellose, soon diffluent; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in pairs, loosely arranged; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.

West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons November and December 1892; in stream, Grande
(Elliott).

(4500 feet elevation). Soufriere, Dominica.

"This species seems characteristically distinct by reason of its minute in the very small, globose colonies, which were scattered amongst other algae." West.
cells

65.

Aphanocapsa zanardinii (Hauck) Hansgirg.

5: 67. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll.

Algar.

Plant mass colorless; cells 10-16 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in two or four; individual sheaths very thin, hyaline, scarcely visible; cell contents homogeneous, sometimes granular, emerald green.
families of

Massachusetts. (Collins).
66.

Aphanocapsa
1865.

De

grevillei (Hassall) Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

Rabenhorst.
73.

Fl.

Eur.

Algar.

2:50.

1907.
f. 38, 39. 1887. BenBuchanan. Notes on the Algae

Wolle.
nett.

Fresh-Water Algae. U.

S.

333. pi. 210.

Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate
II.
fig.

7.

Plant mass gelatinous, globose, densely aggregated, more or less conwhen dry becoming olive or brownish; sheaths soon diffluent; cells 3.2-5.6 mic. in diameter, spherical or elliptical, rather crowded, single or in pairs; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.
fluent, dirty green,

Greenland.
(Bennett).
67.

low pond water.

Pennsylvania. Submerged stones in shal(Boergesen). Rhode Island. Benedict and other ponds. (Wolle). Iowa. Pond near R. R. Ames. 1905. (Buchanan).
rivularis

Aphanocapsa
49. 1865.

(Carmichael)
Bull.

Rabenhorst.
1907.

Fl.

Eur.

Algar.

2:

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

II.

5: 69.

Wolle.

Fresh Water Algae.

Torn

Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.

Plate

II. fig. 8, 9.

Plant mass hemispherical, gelatinous, tuberculose, often confluent, blu-

Myxophyceae
ish-green becoming brownish
colorless,

29

when
5-6

soon

diffluent;

cells

dry; sheaths very thick, not lamellose, mic. in diameter, spherical, scattered,

single or in pairs; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.

Pennsylvania.
68.

In ponds attached to

wood

or stone. (WoUe).
Fl.

Aphanocapsa virescens (Hassall) Rabenhorst.

1865.

Eur. Algar. 2: 48.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

68. 1907.

WoUe WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 333- pl- 210. f. 33. 1887. and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:612. 1889. West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine.
Journ. of Bot. 27:207. 1889.
Plate
II.
fig.

10,

II.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, more or less expanded, dirty green or olive, becoming brownish; sheaths scarcely visible, diffluent; cells about 6 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous, often showing a central granule, pale blue-green.

Maine. (West).
69.

New

Jersey.

On

wet stones and rocks.

Gatt.

(Wolle).

Aphanocapsa brunnea Naegeli.

Syll.

Einz. Alg.

52.

1849.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5:71. 1907.

Wolle.

Fresh-Water Algae U.
gelatinous,

S. 329.

1887.

Plant mass not visible; cells 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, in division oblong, single or in pairs, crowded; cell contents finely granular, pale yellowish brown or greenish brown.

membranaceous, expanded, brownish; sheaths

waters. (Wolle).

Forming brownish-olive, floating masses in stagnant Canada. Minnesota Seaside Station, Vancouver Island. British Columbia. July 1901. (Crosby and Leavitt).
North America. Genus

APHANOTHECE

Naeg.

Gatt. Einz. Algar. 59. 1849-

Plant mass more or less expanded, somewhat spherical or without defshape; individual sheaths thick, not distinct, confluent into a mucous, amorphous, homogeneous colonial tegument; cells oblong; reproduction by
inite

division of the cells in one direction only.

I
1

Plant mass without definite shape.

Cells 1-2 mic. in diameter Cells
(i)

A. saxicola

more than 2 mic. in diameter Plant mass dirty green or olive brown; cells 2.5-3 mic. in diameter A. conferta
Growing
in very than broad
salt

(2)

water; cells 5 mic. in diameter, hardly longer A. utahensis

(3)

Cells one to three times as long as broad

Plant mass colorless; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter A. microscopica

30

Minnesota Algae
B
a

Plant mass colored Plant mass blue-green, olive mic. in diameter

or

yellowish-brown; cells 2-3.5 A. castagnei

Plant mass pale blue-green; cells 3-8 mic. in diameter A. pallida

d
II
1

Plant mass pale yellowish-green or olive; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter A. microspora Plant mass yellowish-brown or olive; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diamA. naegelii eter, irregularly scattered

Plant mass more or less spherical Plant mass pale blue-green; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter A. stagnina
Plant mass bright or dark emerald green; cells 5-6.5 mic. in diameter A. prasina

70.

Aphanothece saxicola Naegeli.

Gatt. Einz.- Alg. 60. pi.

H.

f.

2.

1849.

De

Toni. Syll, Algar. 5:81. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and
2t.

Setchell. Phyc.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. water Algae from the

no

1301. 1906.

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1203. 1905; West and West. On spme Fresh-

West

Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. 1895.

Plant mass mucous-gelatinous, colorless or yellowish, without definite shape; cells 1-2 mic. in diameter, 2-6 mic. in length, somewhat cylindrical, with rounded ends, single or in pairs, sometimes surrounded by many partially dissolved sheaths; cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts. Forming soft masses of irregular form, floating among other algae. Horn Pond. Woburn. September 1905. (Collins). California.

Walls of reservoir. Del Monte, Monterey County. September 1902. (OsterWest Indies. "In small masses of 70-120 mic. in diameter, amongst hout). mosses on trees. Rather scarce." Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), Dominica. November and December 1892. (Elliott).
71.

Aphanothece conferta Richter

Universalis, no. 487. 1892.
Collins,

in

Hauck and

Richter.

Phykotheka

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

84. 1907.

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

24. no. 1152.

1904.

Plant mass gelatinous-mucous, membranaceous, expanded, dirty green or olive brown; individual sheaths colorless, diffluent; cells 2.5-3 niic. in diameter, 4.5-5.5 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, single or in pairs, crowded in families; cell contents finely granular, pale blue-green or olive.
California.
1003.

On

trunk of Bay

tree.

Strawberry Creek, Berkeley. March

(Gardner).

72.

Aphanothece utahensis Tilden.

1898.

American Algae. Cent.

III.

no. 297.

Plant mass 1-6 cm. in diameter, forming thin, gelatinous, brown and blue-green membranes; cells 5 mic. in diameter, oval or nearly spherical, single or in twos.

Myxophyceae

31

Utah. Floating near shore of lake and washed up on beach. Garfield Beach, Great Salt Lake. July 1897. (Tilden).
73-

Aphanothece microscopica Naegeli.

1849.

Gatt. Einz. Alg. 59.

pi.

H.

f.

i.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:83. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 552. 1899. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3:397. 1901. Collins. Algae of the
Flume. Rhodora. 6:230. 1904.
Plate IL
fig.

12.

Plant mass .25-2 mm. in diameter, gelatinous, colorless, globose or oblong, later irregular in shape, floating; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic. long, oblong-cylindrical, single or in twos; cell contents blue-green.

Greenland. (Richter, Boergesen). Alaska. Forming a slimy coating, Chroococcus, on a perpendicular cliff over which water was trickling. Juneau. (Saunders). New Hampshire. On wall of the "Flume." (Collins). Massachusetts. On flower pots. Botanic Garden. Cambridge.
with

February
(Elliott).
74.

1895. (Richards).

West

Indies.

On damp

wall of dam. Sharp's

feet),

River, St. Vincent;

on

trees,

summit of Trois Pitons (4500

Dominica.

Aphanothece castagnei (Brebisson) Rabenhorst.

1865.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2: 64.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 81.

1907.
Calif.

Setchell and Gardner.

Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

Plate IL

Pub. Bot.

i: 180. 1903.
fig.

13.

Plant mass gelatinous, amorphous, expanded, bluish-green, olive or yellowish-brown; sheaths not usually visible; cells 2-3.5 mic. in diameter, 3-8 mic. in length, globose, oblong or polygonal, of various sizes, somewhat crowded; cell contents pale blue.

Washington, D. C. In sulphur waters. (Farlow, Setchell). Washington. In a jar of water in the laboratory. University of Washington, Seattle. (Gardner).
Alaska.

(Farlow).

75.

Aphanott^ce

De

pallida (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:83. 1907.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2:

64. 1865.

Woile.

Fresh- Water Algae U.

S. 325. pi. 210.

f.

7, 8.

1887.

Plant mas^ 4-6 mm. in diameter, gelatinous, soft, somewhat transparent, pale blue-greeh; cells 3-8 mic. in diameter, 5-24 mic. in length, oblong-elliptical or cylindiSical, usually scattered; cell contents pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania. On wet or marshy ground. (Wolle). Keegan's Lake, Minneapolis. October 1907. (Hone).
76.

Minnesota.

Aphanothece micrcspora (Meneghini) Rabenhorst.

64.

Fl.

Eur. Algar.

2:

1865.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 84.

1907.

Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus

dem

Umanakdistrikt.

Bib. Bot. Heft. 42.

32
3.

Minnesota Algae
1897.

Saunders.
Sci.

The

Aigae.

Harriman

Alaska

Expedition.

Proc.

Wash. Acad.

3:397. 1901.

Setchell and Gardner.

western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:180. 1903. the Flvime. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.
line,

Algae of NorthCollins. Algae of

Plant mass amorphous, irregularly lobed, gelatinous-mucous, soft, hyapale yellowish-green or olive; sheaths colorless, usually entirely dissolved; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length, oblong, single or in pairs; cell contents pale blue.
Alaska. Forming with C h r o oGreenland. Umanak. (Vanhoffen.). a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff, over which New Hampshire. (Collins). water was trickling. Juneau. (Saunders).

coccus turgidus,
77.

Aphanothece naegelii Wartmann

1865.

in
77.

Rabenhorst.
1907.

Fl.

Eur. Algar.

2: 65.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 497. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1:153. 1902.

Plate

II. fig.

14.

Plant mass gelatinous, yellowish-brown or olive, adhering to paper when dried; sheaths diffluent; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6.5-8 mic. in length, oblong or oval, almost spherical after division, irregularly scattered, rather densely crowded; cell contents pale blue-green.

Hawaii. Forming

soft,

olive-brown lumps on sides of

feet.

damp

cliff

among

mosses and liverworts. Elevation 350 loa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).
78.

Kaliawaa

Falls.

Makao, Koolau-

Aphanothece stagnina (Sprengel) A. Braun

Algar. 2:66. 1865.

De

in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:76. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner.

Pub. Bot.

i:

180.

1903.

Collins,

Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.

Ease. 27. no. 1302. 1906.

Plate

II.

fig.

15.

Plant mass

.5-2

cm. in diameter, gelatinous, oblong,

elliptical or

nearly
in

globose, hyaline, pale blue-green; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter, 5-8 mic. length, oblong-oval; cell contents pale blue-green.

Alaska.

(Farlow).

Michigan.

or tuberculate floating masses.

Forming firm, light green, spherical Walnut Lake, Oakland County. May 1906.

(Hankinson).
79.

Aphanothece prasina A. Braun

1865.

in

Rabenhorst.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2:65.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:78. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pi. 210. f. 9, 10. 1887. Collins. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:610. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 6. no. 251. Collins, Holden and Setchell. 1889. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. 1897.

Myxophyceae
Almanac and Annual
1901;

33

for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae, Cent. V. no. 498. Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Bopk ^ of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1:146. 1902.

Plate

II. fig.

16.

Plant mass gelatinous, more or less globose, tuberculose or angular, bright emerald green, sometimes confluent and then lobed; sheaths diffluent; cells s-6.5 mic. in diameter, 7.7-1 1 mic. long, oblong or ovoid, often spherical after division; cell contents blue-green.

Massachusetts.

Cambridge. (Farlow).

Connecticut.

In free swim-

ming gelatinous masses young, later becoming

(Setchell).

of a yellowish or bluish green color, globular irregular in shape. Norwich. September

when
1892.

Hawaii. Forming free-swimming, blue-green tuberculose, globose or flattened soft masses, floating in ditch in rice field near beach. Aiea, Oahu. June 1900; in brackish, stagnant water. Meheiwi, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

New

Jersey. Floating on ponds. (Wolle).

Genus ]\IICROCYSTIS Kuetz. Linnaea 8:372.

1833.

Colonies spherical or somewhat spherical, solid, finally becoming hollow and lobed, single or associated in clusters, containing large numbers of cells, surrounded by a colorless, gelatinous tegument; cells spherical, oval or elliptical; cell contents green or blue-green, often showing vacuoles; reproduction by cell division in three directions.
I
1

Cells spherical.

Colonies more or less spherical, usually containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter M. ichthyoblabe
Plant mass dull yellowish becoming olive; colonies 30-70 mic. in diameter; cells 2.2-4 mic. in diameter M. donnellii

Colonies spherical, flattened, orbicular, lens-shaped, sometimes confluent, surrounded by a thick, lamellose common tegument; cells M. marginata 3-4 mic. in diameter Colonies

more

or

less

spherical

or

oblong,

with

an

indistinctly

limited tegument, pale or yellowish-green; cells 4-6.5 mic. in diamM. flos-aquae eter.
II
1

Cells oval or oblong,

sometimes almost

spherical.

Colonies spherical, oblong or flattened, sometimes containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument; cells 1-1.5 M. elabens mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length, -oblong
Plant mass pulverulent, bright glaucous or whitish blue-green; colonies spherical or oblong; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, somewhat M. pulverea spherical or oval Plant mass irregular, firm, gelatinous, pink, brown or green, growing in very salt water; cells 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length, M. packardii oblong or elliptical Plant mass mucous, floccose, amorphous, sky-blue; colonies somewhat

34
spherical, distinctly limited; cells
(size

Minnesota Algae
somewhat
spherical or ellipsoid

unknown)

M.

piscinalis

Colonies irregular in shape, with an indistinctly limited tegument; cells 5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval

M.
80.

pallida
pi.
8.

Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 88. 1907.

i:

7.

1845-1849.

Wolle and Martindale. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 330. 1887. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J.. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. 2: 611. 1889. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. (Polycystis icthioblabe Kg.)
Colonies membranaceous, thin, more or less spherical, surrounded by a gelatinous tegument, usually containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument, blue-green; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents showing vacuoles, pale blue-green.

common

United States. (Pike, Farlow, Collins).

in small pools. (Wolle).
81.

Ohio.

New Jersey. Occasional Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. (Snow).

Microcystis donnellir Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
6: 282. 1879.

Plant mass dull yellowish becoming olive; colonies 30-70 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval, often more or less angular, green; cells 2.2-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, green.

Maryland. In soft gelatinous masses, often nine and ten inches diameter, floating in ponds, Garrett County. July 1878. (Smith).
82.

in

Microcystis marginata (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 91. 1907. 1845-1849.

6.

pi.

8.

Fresh Water Algae. IL Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877. Menegh.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329. Fanning. Observations on the Algae 1887. (A. marginata Kg.) of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 613. pi. 45. 1901. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. Setchell and Gardner. Algae 3: 397. 190I. (M. marginata Naeg.) Clark. of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala.
Wolle.

(Anacystis marginata

Proc. Biol. Soc.

Wash.

21: 94. 1908.

Plate IL

fig.

17.

Colonies spherical, flattened or orbicular and lens-shaped, sometimes by a thick, lamellose common tegument, pale green, colorless at the margin; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, densely crowded, spherical or sometimes angular; cell contents blue-green, becoming granular.
confluent, surrounded

Alaska. FormUnited States. In ponds of stagnant water. (Wolle). ing a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff. Near Juneau. (Saunders); forming slimy coatings on dripping rocks. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Setchell Minnesota. St. Paul city water. (Fanning). Central and Lawson). America. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. (Meek).

Myxophyceae
83.

35

Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittrock) Kirchner in Engler and Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. I I a. 56. f. 49 N. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 86. 1907.
Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae

from Guatemala. Proc.

Biol.

Soc.

Wash.

21: 153. 1908.

Plate

II. fig. 18.

Colonies more or less spherical or oblong, with an indistinctly limited tegument, often several lying close together, pale or yellowish blue-green;
cells 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, spherical,

often densely crowded; cell contents

showing vacuoles, pale bluish-green.

Central America.

72"84.

January

1906.

Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Temperature of water (Kellerman, Meek and Smith).

i: 6. pi. 8.

Microcystis elabens (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 88. 1907.

1845-

Farlow.

Marine Algae of

New

England.

28.

1881.

(Polycystis

Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 90. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand and Red field's Flora of Mount De-sert Island, Maine. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. 249. 1894. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Kuetz.).

elabens

Am.

Fasc. 23. no. iioi. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate

II. fig.

19.

Colonies spherical, oblong, or flattened, membranaceous, surrounded by a common gelatinous tegument, sometimes containing several daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument, bluish or olive-green; cells i-l.S mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length, oblong; cell contents showing
vacuoles.

rocky sides of a tide pool at high water mark. Cape Rosier. New Hampshire. small algae. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts. "Common in summer on decaying algae, over (Collins). Rhode Island. v/hich it forms slimy masses." Wood's Holl. (Farlow). Connecticut. On decaying algae. Fresh Pond. August. (Hol(Collins). New York. Prince's Bay, Staten Island. (Pike). den).
Maine.
July 1896;

On

among

85.

Microcystis

pulverea
Hist.

(Wood)

De

Toni.

Syll.

Algar.

S:

92.

1907.

Wood.
III.

Contr.

Freshwater
182.

(Pleurococcus pulvereus
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:

America. 79. 1872. WoUe. Fresh Water Algae. Wood). 1877. (Anacystis glauca Wolle)

Algae

North

Fresh-Water Algae U.
Wolle).

S. 329. pi. 210.

f.

25. 1887.

(A.

pulvereus (Wood)

Plant mass pulverulent, bright glaucous or whitish blue-green, composed of very numerous and densely crowded colonies; colonies spherical or oblong, usually surrounded by a difHuent, hyaline tegument; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, oval or angular, very much crowded;
cell

contents pale blue or olive green.

36

Minnesota Algae

Pennsylvania. Forming an extended stratum over the bottom of limestone spring. The stratum is in places nearly an inch in thickness and when "Boiling Springs", lifted by the hand is found to be loose and crumbly. bottom of limeOn (Wood). County. Centre Belief onte, miles from two stone springs. Northampton and Lehigh Counties. (Wolle).

86.

Microcystis packardii (Farlow) nob.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 93. 1907.

I

Packard. The Sea-weeds of Salt Lake. Am. Nat. 13: 701. 1879. (P o yTilden. American Algae. Cent. IH. cystis packardii Farlow).
no. 298. 1898.

Plate

II. fig. 20.

Plant mass
of pink,

irregular in shape, firm, gelatinous, displaying various tints

cells 2:5-4 ic.

brown or green;
elliptical.

in diameter,

6-7 mic. in length,

oblong or
Utah.
structure,

Forming irregularly-shaped balls or masses of a firm gelatinous showing various tints of pink, brown and green. In thick masses around edge of lake for a distance of forty feet out from shore and one to two feet in depth. Often washed ashore and left in beds on sand. Garfield
Beach, Great Salt Lake. July 1897. (Tilden).

87.

Microcystis piscinalis (Briigg.)

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. S 90. 1907.

:

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

II.

Bull.

Torr.

Bot.

Club.

6:

137.

1877.

(Polycystis piscinalis

Brugg.)

Plant mass mucous, floccose, amorphous, sky-blue, becoming graygreen when dried; colonies somewliat spherical, distinctly limited, many sometimes surrounded by a more or less dissolved common tegument; cells

somewhat

spherical or ellipsoid; cell contents

homogeneous, blue-green.

Pennsylvania.

In pools. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

88.

Microcystis pallida (Farlow)

der

Lemmermann.

Algen. Kryptogamenflora

Mark Brandenburg.

3: yj. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 93. 1907.

Collins.
1888.

Algae from Atlantic

City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15:310.

(Polycystis pallida (Kuetz.) Farlow). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island.
Torr. Bot. Club,
Collins.
i:

Mem.
i88g.

90.

1889.

ton's Catalogue of Plants found in

Algae.

Rand

New

and

BritJersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Island,

Maine. 249. 1894. Preliminary Lists of Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900.

New England

Plants,

V.

Colonies irregular in shape, with an indistinctly limited tegument; cells

S-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell contents bluish green.

Maine. Among small algae. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Newport. (Farlow). Gloucester (Farlow). New Jersey. On decaying algae. Atlantic City. (Morse).

Myxophyceae
Genus

37

CLATHROCYSTIS
53. pi. 4.
f.

Henfrey

Mic. Journ.

28-36. 1856.

Colonies of variable shape, at

clathrate, ("fragments of the

first solid soon becoming saccate and broken fronds occurring in irregularly lobed

forms"), surrounded by a colorless, gelatinous, indistinctly limited integu-

ment;
I

cells spherical,

numerous.
C. aeruginosa C. robusta
53. pi. 4.
f.

Cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical. Cells 6-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval

II
8g.

Clathrocystis aeruginosa (Kuetzing) Henfrey. Mic. Journ. 28-36. 1856. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 94. 1907.
327. pi. 210.
f.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. Jelliffe. A Further Contribution to the Microscopical Examina115. 1888. tion of the Brooklyn Water Supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 51. 1895. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, MassaTilden. List of Freshwater Algae collected in Minnechusetts. 126. 1896. sota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 599. 1896; American Algae. Cent.
II. no. 194. 1896.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888.

17, 18. 1887.

Collins.

no.

1153.
Sci.

1904.
14: 9.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
1908.

Acad.

Plate II.

fig. 21,

22.

pools, presenting to the

Plant mass a bright green scum, floating in vast strata on freshwater naked eye a finely granular appearance, when dried appearing like a crust of verdigris; colonies spherical or elongate, solid, soon becoming saccate and clathrate; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical, very numerous embedded in a colorless integument.

United States. Often floating in large strata as a glaucous green scum Massachusetts. Horn Pond, Woburn. on fresh water pools. (Wolle). (Farlow). Spot Pond, Stoneham; forming a floating scum on Middle Rhode Island. Common, at times Reservoir. Middlesex Fells. (Collins). abundant. (Bennett). Mashapaug Pond, Providence. October 1892. (OsterMinnesota. New York. Brooklyn water supply. (Jelliffe). hout). Covering surface of lake in sheltered bays and around edges, sometimes In decaying forms a milky white, ill-smelling to a depth of three inches. scum. Long Lake, Hennepin County. September 1895. (Shaver and Tilden). On bottom at edge of lake in very small round bunches or flat patches, Como Park, St. Paul. August 1895. (Tilden). Halsted's Bay, fragile. Lake Minnetonka. November 1906. (Hill). Minneapolis city water (CorIowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey). East Okoboji Lake. October 1904. bett). Washington. Floating in Green Lake. Seattle. December (Buchanan).
1903.

(Gardner).

"The smallest fronds met with are usually roundish or ellipsoidal. When quite young they appear to be solid, but as they grow by the multiplication of the internal cells and the secretion of gelatinous matter, the

38

Minnesota Algae

expansion takes place chiefly near the periphery, so that the frond becomes a hollow body. The walls of the sac then give way, and, as the expansion proceeds, orifices are formed in different parts, until the whole becomes a coarsely latticed sac or clumsy net of irregularly lobed form. Then this becomes broken up into irregular fragments of all shapes and sizes each of which recommences the expanding growth, and becomes a Henfrey. latticed frond."

go.

The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitand Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Wash. 21: 94. 1908. Colony when young dense, spherical, surrounded by a gelatinous tegument, later perforate, clathrate or broken up into elongate rounded lobes; tegument tardily deliquescent, finally wholly dissolving, leaving a densely
Clathrocystis robusta Clark.
lan

cohering mass of

cells; cells 6-9 mic. in

diameter, spherical or oval; cell con-

tents (in formalin) bright blue-green.

Central America.
face of water.

Forming a flocculent bright blue-green scum on Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. February 1906. (Meek).
Genus

sur-

GOMPHOSPHAERIA
16. no.

Kuetz.

Alg. Exsicc. Dec.

151. 1836.

Colonies spherical or ellipsoid, mucous, solid, free-swimming; tegument cells pear-shaped or heart-shaped, rarely somewhat spherical, grouped in pairs, few in numbers, disposed chiefly towards the periphery of the tegument; cell contents often granular, bluish or greenish; reproduction by cell division
colorless or yellowish, usually thick, soon diffluent;

alternately in three directions,

I

Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length

C. aponina

II

Cells 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents pinkish or

ish

brown-

G. rosea
16.

51.

Gomphosphaeria aponina Kuetzing. Alg. Exsicc. Dec.

no. 151. 1836.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 97- 1907. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae United

Bennett.

States. 328.

pi.

210.

f.

20-22.

1887.

Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae colGeol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. lected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 31. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 600. 1896; American Algae Cent. III. no. 300. 1898. Lemmermann.

Planktonalgen Ergebn. einer Reise. n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: S4- 1899. 1899. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the Snow. The Plankton Algae of State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb, 34: 616. 180. 1903.
313.

1905.

Riddle.

Brush

The Holophytic Plankton

Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Clark. of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala.

Myxophyceae
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908. Buchanan. of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
Plate II.
fig.

39
Notes on the Algae

23-28.

Colonies 50-90 mic. in diameter, spherical or nearly spherical, bluegreen often becoming pale; tegument colorless, rather thick, lamellose; individual sheaths colorless; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length, pear-shaped or club-shaped, stalked, surrounded by individual sheaths;
stalks thick, broad, gelatinous; cell contents not showing vacuoles, bluegreen, sometimes green or orange.

United States. Frequent in small pools. (Wolle). Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). New Jersey. In ponds and pools. (Wolle). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Brush Lake, Champaign County. (Riddle). Minnesota. Pool near Lake Kilpatrick. July 1S93. (Ballard). In tank in Botanical laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. October 1895; in covered tank. Zoological laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. April 1898. (Tilden). Iowa. Found only Nebraska. In once. Stagnant pool. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan). aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey). Washington. Floating intermingled with other algae in brackish waters. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). California. Central America. Lake Amatitlan, GuateNear Los Angeles. (Monk). Hawaii. Among marine algae. Island of Laysan. mala. (Meek). (Schauinsland).
9: 25. 1882. Bot. Notiser. 61. 1882.

Var. cordiformis Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club De Toni. Syll. Algar. 98. 1907.
Colonies 60 mic. in diameter; cells 6-13 mic. in diameter, 9-16 mic. in

length, usually numerous.

Pennsylvania. Small ponds near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

92.

Gomphosphaeria rosea (Snow) Lemmermann.

Algae. Krypt. der

Mark Brandenburg.

3: 80.

1907.

Snow. Tlie Plankton Algae

1902. 22: 387, 390, 392. pi. 4.
f.

of

Lake

Erie. U. S. Fish

Comm.

Bull, for

17.

1903.

(Coelosphaerium roseu m).

Colonies 35-52 mic. in diameter, spherical; tegument thin, gelatinous; diameter, spherical, without individual sheaths, stalked; stalks, gelatinous, dichotomously branched; cell contents pinkish or browncells 3.2-4 mic. in
ish.

Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).

Genus Coelosphaerium Naeg.

Gatt. Einz. Alg. 54.

1849.

Colonies spherical, mucous, hollow, free-swimming, containing many small cells; tegument mucous, soon confluent; cells globose, elliptical or ovoid, arranged just within the periphery of the tegument; cell contents granular, with gas vacuoles; reproduction by cell division, at first in one
direction,
I

afterwards alternately in three directions. Colonies 30-90 mic. in diameter; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter
C. kuetzingianum

II

Colonies about 150 mic. in diameter; cells 5-7 mic. in diameter C. dubium

40
93.

Minnesota Algae
Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg.
1849.
54- pl-

C.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 100. 1907.

CampFarlow. Notes on Fresh- Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 224. 1883. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Arthur. Some WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 327. pi. 210. f. 16. 1887. Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Fourth Bien. Rep. Bd. Regents Univ. of Minn. Suppl. i. Rep. Dept. Agric. Univ. of Minn. 103. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 692. 1884. 1S87. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Collins. Algae of Middlesex Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of County. 16. 1888. Trelease. Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Survey. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. The "Working" of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. .Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 122. 1889. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Collins, Holden and SetchPark Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Fanning. Observations on ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 12. no. 53. 1899. the Algae of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 612. pi. 45. fig. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. 24. 1901. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae which cause "Water Bloom." Snow. The Plankton Algae of Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56. pi. 14. 1903. Collins. Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.
bell.

Plate

II. fig. 29.

diameter, spherical; tegument colorless, thin, 2-5 mic. in diameter, subspherical, oval or elongated, in twos or fours or finally irreguarly arranged; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.

Colonies 30-90 mic.

in

gelatinous,

soon

diffluent;

cells

United States. In ponds and pools; stagnant waters. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Framingham. 1883. (Farlow). Scattered or as a scum on Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells; forming a dense scum on Winchester Reservoir, Winchester. October 1898. (Collins). Connecticut On moist rocks. Sage's Ravine, below first falls. Twin Lakes, Salisbury. October. (Holden). Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). New Jersey. On stagnant pools. Ohio. Sandusky Bay. (Riddle). (Wolle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minnesota. Lake Sakatah and Lake Tetonka, Waterville. (Porter). St. Paul city Iowa. "A frequent alga in many permanent ponds, water. (Fanning). often floating in considerable quantities in the lakes." South Gar Lake, Dickinson County; Hewitt's Pond, Eagle Grove; margin of slough. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan).
94.

Coelosphaerium dubium Grunow

1865.

in
5:

Rabenhorst.
102.

FI.

Eur. Algar. 2: 55.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.
13.

Wood.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.

1872.

Colonies about 150 mic. in diameter, irregular or sometimes spherical,

mucous, free-swimming; tegument colorless, thick;

ter, spherical;

cells 5-7 mic. in

diame-

cell

contents with gas vacuoles, blue-green.

Myxophyceae

41

Pennsylvania. Forming a dense scum on a stagnant brick pond, near Philadelphia. July. "The scum was of the color of 'pea-soup' and so thick was it, that I think a quart of the plants might have been readily gathered."

(Wood).
Genus

COELOSPHAERIOPSIS Lemmermann.
Abh. Nat. Bremen.
16: 352. 1899.

Colonies spherical, gelatinous, hollow; families clustered; cells spherical or elongate, arranged in a single peripheral layer; reproduction by cell
division.
55.

Coelosphaeriopsis halophila Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergeb. einer Reise n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: 353. pi. 2. f. 25, 26, 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 616. pi. 7. f. 19-21. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 103. 1907. 1905.
Plate
II. fig. 30.

Colonies 30-500 mic. in diameter, spherical, gelatinous; cells 6 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic. in length, spherical or elongate.

Hawaii. In

salt lagoon.

Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Genus

TETRAPEDIUM
von Franken.

Reinsch.
1867.

Algenfl.

37.

Cells solitary or occurring in families of from 2-16 each, compressed, quadrangular or triangular, equilateral, becoming subdivided into quadrate or wedge-shaped segments or rounded lobes, either by deep vertical or oblique incisions or by wide angular or rounded sinuses; cell contents bluegreen; reproduction by cell division. (Single cells break apart by the incisions into four daughter cells each, the daughter cells after division

forming separate individuals. The direction of the incisions pendicular to the lateral margin or bisects the angles.)
96.

is

either per-

Tetrapedium trigonum. W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. pi. 16.
f.

8.

1895.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plate
II.

5:

113. 1907.

fig.

31.

Cells 3.6x7.2

angles, elliotical

mic, triangular, with concave sides and somewhat rotund in side view; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

West

Indies.

On damp

wall of dam. Sharp's River,

St.

Vincent.

May

1892. (Elliott).

Genus
in

MERISMOPEDIUM

Meyen

Wiegmann

Archiv. 2: 67. 1839.

somewhat thick, conbefore division oblong, arranged in a rectilinear series in a single layer; cell contents usually without gas vacuoles, blueColonies
cells
flat,

rectangular, free-floating; tegument

fluent;

spherical,

42

Minnesota Algae

green, rarely violet, rose-pink or red; reproduction by division of the cells

in
I

two

directions.

Cells 5-7 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic. in length. 1 Colonies 30 mic. in diameter; cells 5 mic. in

spherical; cell contents blue-green or violet.

2
3
II
1

Cells spherical or Cells oval

oblong

somewhat M. aerugineum M. elegans M. novum

diameter,

Cells 3-6 mic. in diameter.

Colonies 45-150 mic.

diameter; cells spherical or oval

M. glaucum
2
III
97.

Colonies large, more or less convolute;

Cells 1.3-2 mic. in diameter,

cells spherical or

oblong

somewhat

spherical

M. convolutum M. tenuissimum

Merismopedium aerugineum Brebisson

1849; Tab. Phyc. 5: 13. pi. 38.
1907.
f.

in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472.

8.

1855.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 107.

Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus

3-

dem Umanakdistrikt.
II.
fig. 32.

Bib. Hot. Heft. 42.

1897.

Plate

Plant mass somewhat limited, nearly colorless; colonies 30 mic. in diameter, 35-68 mic. in length, composed of from 4 to 64 cells; cells 5 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, crowded; cell contents blue-green.

Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhoffen).

Var. violaceum Rabenhorst. Die Algen Sachsens. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 107. 1907.
no.
857.

1859.

De

Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894.
Cells very

much crowded;

cell

contents violet.

Wisconsin. Trout-mere. Osceola. October 1893. (MacMillan.) Nebraska. Quite common in stagnant ponds about Thedford, forming violet or purplish slimy masses sometimes reaching the size of one's hand. (Saunders).
98.

Merismopedium elegans A. Braun

in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472. 1849.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

104.

1907.

1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Sci.

Acad.

14: 9.

1908.

Plate II.

fig.

33.

Colonies at first mucous, more or less limited, coming membranaceous, expanded, containing from 64
ter, 6-9 4lic. in length,

colorless,

later

be-

to 1856 cells, green-

ish; families quadrate, finally not distinctly limited; cells 5-7 mic. in

diame-

spherical or oblong; cell contents pale blue-green.

Myxophyceae
Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). tom. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan).
99.

43
Iowa. Slough bot-

Merismopedium novum Wood. Contr.

14. pl. 8.
f.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae. N. A.
5:

8.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

II. fig. 34.

105.

1907.

Plate

Colonies membranaceous, distinctly limited, with straight and entire margin, composed of very numerous cells; families containing usually sixteen cells; cells up to 6 mic. in diameter, oval, sometimes constricted in the middle, closely approximated; cell contents light bluish green.
tous algae.

Pennsylvania. Growing adherent to or entangled in, a Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia. (Wood).

lot of filamen-

Without a doubt
TOO.

this species is identical

with M. elegans.
55. pl.

Merismopedium glaucum (Ehrenberg) Naegeli.

I

D.

f.

I.

1849.

De

Gatt. Einz. Alg. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 105. 1907.

Nordstedt. Dq Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae United States. 326. pl. 210. f. 12-15. 1887. Bennett. Plants of

Rhode

Island. iiS- 1888.

Mackenzie.

Preliminary List of Algae col-

lected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pl. i. f. 5. 1894. Jelliffe. Further Contribution to the Microscopical Examination of the Tilden. List of Brooklyn Water Supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1894.

Fresh- Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies, Fanning. Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul city i: 31. 1894.
Collins, Holden and Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 612. pl. 45. 1901. Riddle. Algae from Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 953. 1902. Lemmermann. Algenfl. SandSandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio wich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 617. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Nat. S: 268. 1905. Buchanan. Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

water.

Setchell.

Plate

II. fig. 35-

Colonies 45-150 mic. in diameter, more or less limited, with slightly sinuate-crenate margin, light blue-green or glaucous green; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell contents pale blue-green or olive green. United States. Canada. High Park, Toronto, Ontario. (Mackenzie). Maine. In a Not infrequent in ponds or sluggish waters. (Wolle). scum on a small artificial pond. Pogy Oil Factory. Round Pond. 16 July New York. Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). 1901. (Collins).

Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County; Brooklyn water supply. (Jellifife). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the Sandusky Bay (Riddle). Minnesota. Peat-bog near Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell).

Lake

Kilpatrick,

Iowa. Floating
(Bessey).

July 1893. (Ballard). St. Paul city water. (Fanning). the quiet waters of ponds. Ames. 1884. (M. nova). Grinnell; Fayette. (Fink). Eagle Grove. Hewitt's Pond. 1904.
in

44

Minnesota Algae

(Buchanan). Nebraska. Ponds and sluggish water. Not uncommon. (Saunders). California. In a small spring near San Pablo. September Central America. Only one specimen noted. "Amatit1902. (Gardner). lan in 85 ft. water, towed in about 75 to 65, February i, 1906, at middle Hawaii. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren). of upper part of lake." (Meek).
Var. fontinale Hansg. Phys. und. Algol. Mittheil IV. 98. 1890. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 106. 1907.
Collins,

De

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

24. no.

1156. 1904.

Colonies 45 mic. in diameter, gelatinous, containing 8-64 cells; cells 2.5-3 tnic. in diameter, approximate, densely aggregated; cell contents
distinctly

granular, pale

blue-green.

California.
loi.

On
De

sandy ground. Lake Merced, San Francisco. (Gardner).

in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472.

Merismopedium convolutum Brebisson

1849.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

108.

1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 15. 1872. WoUe. Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 326. pi. 210. f. 14. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's
.

Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Bessey. Additions to the reported Flora of Nebraska made 19: 124. 1892. during 1893. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 3: 5. 1894. Saunders. ProtophytaPhycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 31. 1894. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1154. 1904. Riddle. Brown. Algal Periodicity in Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908.
Plate
II. fig. 36.

Colonies 1-4 mm. in diameter (visible to the naked eye), composed of very numerous cells, membranaceous, subfoliaceous, more or less convolute,
greenish, bluish or yellowish; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 4-8 mic. in length, spherical or- oblong; cell contents blue-green or yellowish.

United States. Shallow pools, forming a distinct layer upon the muddy bottom, or separating and then floating on the surface. (Wolle). Maine. Attached to spruce logs floating in the Penobscot River. Orono. October 1890. (Harvey). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). New Jersey. Frequent in ponds. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. "Making a distinct green layer upon the mud many feet in extent." In a very shallow, quiet, but fresh po.ol. Spring Mills, near Philadelphia. (Wood). Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County; Sandusky Bay (Riddle). Indiana. Paris Pond, Bloomington. February 1907 (Brown). Minnesota. Peat-bog near Lake Kilpatrick. July 1893. (Ballard). Nebraska. At the bottom of pools ^^^ floating upon the surface. (Saunders). South Bend. (Bessey). California. Floating all through the water in such abundance as to give it a bluish color. In Stone Lake. Golden Gate Park. San Francisco. August 1903. (Gardner.)

Myxophyceae
102.

45
Beitr.

Merismopedium tenuissimum Lemmermann.

tonalgen. Bot.
108.

Kenntn. Plank-

Centralb. 76:

154.

1898.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. S:

1907.

Snow. The Plankton Algae

1902. 22: 392. 1903.

of

Lake

Erie. U. S. Fish

Comm.

Bull, for

Plate

II. fig. ZT.

quadrangular, free-floating, containing sixteen cells; cells 1.3-2 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, crowded; cell contents pale
bluish green.

Colonies

Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).

Genus

EUCAPSIS Clements and Shantz. Minn. Bot. Studies. 4: 134. 1909.

8-512

Colonies cubical, usually consisting of 32-128 cells, but ranging from cells, free-floating; tegument uniform, colorless, gelatinous; cells

spherical, sometimes elliptical or flattened by mutual pressure, forming cubical families; cell contents finely granular, blue-green; reproduction by cell division in three planes.
103.

Eucapsis alpina Clements and Shantz. Minn. Bot. Studies. 4:

Plate
II.
fig.

134. 1909.

38-40.

Colonies 30-80 mic. in diameter, usually containing 32-128 cells, cubical, tegument colorless; cells 6-7 mic. in diameter, spherical, more rarely elliptic, in cubical families; cell contents blue-green.
free-floating;

1904.

Colorado. Alpine pond on (Shantz).

Bald Mountain

(12,000

feet).

September

Genus

ONCOBYRSA

Agardh

in

Flora.

10:

629.

1827.

Colonies cushion-like, hard,

in radial
I

leathery,

adherent;

sheaths thick, gelat-

inous, confluent; cells spherical or elongated, usually regularly

arranged

rows;

cell

contents blue-green or violet.

Cells pale blue-green,

sometimes

violet

O. rivularis O. cesatiana

II
104.

Cells bright blue-green

Oncobyrsa
1846.

rivularis (Kuetzing) Meneghini.

Monogr. Nostoch.
12.

Ital. 96.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

114.

1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no. SSS- 1899.

Colony almost spherical, very smooth, opaque, dull brownish-green; tegument almost colorless, soon diffluent; cells 2-6 mic. in diameter, spherical

or polygonal, arranged in regular radial rows;

violet.

cell

contents

blue-

green or

United States. (Collins, Holden and Setchell).

105.

Oncobyrsa cesatiana Rabenhorst.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
Setchell
5:

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2: 68. 1865.

De
Calif.

116.

1907.

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

180.

Pub. Bot.

i:

1903.

46
Plate
II. fig. 41.

Minnesota Algae

Colonies spherical, hard, solitary or in clusters, blue-green becoming dark-colored; tegument confluent, colorless; cells 1.2-2.3 mic. in diameter, 3 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, somewhat seriate, crowded at the periphery, few in the interior; cell contents homogeneous, light blue-green. Alaska. Plentiful on water-moss Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).
in

running fresh water. Near

Iliuliuk,

Genus

CHLOROGLOEA

Wille. Algol. Notizen. I-VI.

S- pl.

i-

1900.

Colonies irregularly lobed; tegument thin, not lamellose; cells spherical or oval, arranged in radiating series; reproduction by cell division in one
direction.
106.

Chlorogloea tuberculosa (Hansgirg) Wille. Algol. Notizen. I-VI.

pl.
I.

5.

1900.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

118.

1907.

scutata cladophorae

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 382. 1900. Tilden).

(Pringsheimia

Plate

11. fig. 42.

Colonies disc-shaped, epiphytic, greenish; cells i-l.S mic. in diameter, 2 mic. in length; ellipsoid, after division somewhat spherical. Canada. On Cladophora in tide pool. Minnesota Seaside Station.

Vancouver

Island, British Columbia.

August

1898.

(Tilden).

Family

II.

CHAMAESIPHONACEAE

Plants often showing a difference between basal and apical regions,

solitary or associated in families or colonies, usually epiphytic or attached

to shells; reproduction

by

cell division,

by division of filaments into frag-

ments, or by means of non-motile gonidia formed by the division of the contents of a mother cell or gonidangium.
I

Reproduction by

cell

division

and by gonidia;

cells

usually united in

colonies
1

Colonies somewhat spherical or hemispherical, usually consisting of several layers of cells Pleurocapsa
Colonies disc-shaped, usually consisting of a single layer of cells

Xenococcus
3

Colonies forming branched filaments

Hyella

I]
1

Reproduction by gonidia only

Gonidia formed by simultaneous division of the entire contents of

gonidangium
2

Dermocarpa

Plants not usually united in colonies; gonidia formed by successive constrictions of apical portion of contents of gonidangium

Chamaesiphon

Myxophyceae
Genus

47

PLEUROCAPSA

Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands

Colonies usually crustaceous,

Thuret in Hauck. and Oesterreichs. 515.

of vegetative cells

1885.

made up

and gonidan-

gia; plants united in short filaments, parallel or scarcely distinct, radiating,

often dichotomously divided; cells spherical or angular, rarely oval or polyhedral; cell contents blue-green, olive, yellowish or violet; gonidangia furnished with thick sheaths, producing numerous, spherical gonidia; repro-

duction by cell divison in three directions, by division of filaments into fragments, and by gonidia formed by division of the contents of a gonidangium.
<

Cells arranged in straight rows;

growing
rows

in fresh

water
PI.

concharum

II
1

Cells not arranged in straight

Growing

in

hot water;

cells 4-6 mic. in

diameter
PI. caldaria

Growing
(i)

in salt

water
cell

Cells S-20 mic. in diameter; colored or dull violet

Cells

contents golden yellow, fawnPI. fuliginosa

(2)

10-13 niic. in diameter; cell contents violet

PI. amethjrstea

(3)

Cells

up to

15 mic. in diameter; cell contents dull blue or slate

PI.

color
107.

crepidinum
pi.
i.

Pleurocapsa concharum Hansgirg.

f.

ii-iS.

1890.

De

Phys. und Alg. Mittheil. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 122. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

22. no.

1031. 1903.

in

Colonies minute; tegument moderately thin, colorless; cells 4-17 mic. diameter, 4-34 mic. in length, spherical, oval, ellipsoid or angular from mutual pressure, united into short, often irregularly dichotomous filaments of four to ten cells each, or into somewhat spherical masses; cell contents very finely granular, dull bluish or olive green; gonidangia 12-20 mic. in diameter, containing 8-32 gonidia; gonidia 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical.
California.

On

shells.

Mountain Lake. San Francisco. June

1902. (Oster-

hout and Gardner).

108.

Pleurocapsa
Setchell.

caldaria

(Tilden)

Setchell
18.

in

Collins,
851.
1901.

Holden

and
Toni.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no.

De

Syll. Algar. 5= 123- 1907.

Tilden. Observations on

Gaz. 25: 94.

pi.

8.

(Protococcus

some West American Thermal Algae. Hot. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 283. 1898. f. botryoides f. caldaria Tilden) American Al18.

1898;

gae. Cent. II. no. 198. 1896; Bot. Gaz. 25: 104. cus variusA. Br.)

pi. 8.

f.

21. 1898.

(C h

o o c o c-

Plate III.

fig.

I.

hyaline; Plant mass pale or yellowish green; sheaths thin, homogeneous,


48
cells 4-6 mic. in diameter, sptierical, usually solitary;

Minnesota Algae
cell

contents

homo-

geneous, pale green.

Wyoming. On bottom

of

spring.

Temperature 38

C.

Frying Pan

Basin, July 1896; on rocks, near vent of geyser, sometimes heated, Noramoenathermalis, ris Geyser Basin. June 1896; with lying in overflow from spring. Temperature 41 C. Frying Fan Basin. July

Microspora

Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden). Forming a green coating on Temperature 49 C. Corfstant Geyser. Norris Geyser Basin; in acid waters. Green Spring, between Norris Geyser Basin California. and Beaver Lake. 1897. Yellowstone National Park. (Weed). Forming an emerald green, rather thick coating on steaming rocks above the "Devil's Kitchen," Geysers. Sonoma County. June 1900. (Setchell and Hunt).
1896.

floor of overflow channel.

"Clearly a member of the Cyanophyceae and forming a limited number of schizospores (gonidia) which seem to relate it most closely to the genus Pleurocapsa." Setchell.
(4)

109.

Pleurocapsa fuliginosa Hauck.

Oesterreichs. 515.
Collins.
f.

Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands und

231. 1885.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 122. 1907.

Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 335. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythaea. 7: 3. no. loi. 1895. Collins, Holden, Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 704. 54. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine 1900. Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42.' 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Notes on

New England

Plate III.

fig. 2, 3.

Colonies thin, crustaceous, blackish; families 50-100 mic. in diameter; sheaths colorless; cells 5-20 mic. in diameter, solitary or united in families of twos, fours or eights; cell contents homogeneous, golden yellow, fawncolored or dull violet.

Massachusetts. Forming a very thin reddish or brownish-black coating on rocks- near high water mark. Marblehead. (Collins). Rhode Island. Connecticut. On Enteromorpha and stones between (Collins). tides. Below Yellow Mill Bridge. May, August, November, December. (Holden). In dark patches on stones and woodwork, also epiphytic on Enteromorpha, mostly near high water mark. Bridgeport. December California. Forming a smooth black covering on smooth 1893. (Holden). rocks, at high water mark in exposed places. Carmel Bay, Monterey CounOn piles of wharf at the Life ty. January 1899. (Setchell and Gibbs). Saving Station at the Presidio; on old timbers. Alameda. (Setchell).
Collins states that
into small
110.

when

the cells cease to divide, the contents change

round gonidia ("Spores").

Pleurocapsa amethystea Kolderup-Rosenvinge. Groenlands Havalger. Medd. om Groenland. 3: 967. fig. 57. 1893; Les Algues Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19:. 163. fig. Marines du Groenland.
57.

1894.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5.

121.

1907.

Myxophyceae

49

Borgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the northernmost part of the Atlantic. Bot. Faeroes.
App.

XXV.

190S.

Plate III.

fig. 4-

Colonies 45 mic. or more in diameter, somewhat spherical or hemispherical, dark violet in color; cells 10-13 rnic. in diameter, hemispherical, angular, depressed or somewhat spherical, at first solitary afterwards aggregated; gonidia 1-2 mic. in diameter.

Greenland.

On

the

stirface

of

Rhizoclonium riparium

val-

idum.
111.

Littoral zone.

Fiskernas.

(Rosenvinge). East and west portions.

(Borgesen and Jonsson).

Pleurocapsa crepidinum Collins.
136.

Notes on Algae.
5:

III.

Rhodora.
1157. 1904.

igoi.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Setchell. Phyc.

121. 1907.
24. no.

Collins,

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

Cells
onal,

up to 15 mic. in diameter, spherical or by mutual pressure polygoften remaining attached in dense masses after dividing; cell con-

tents dull blue or slate color; gonidangia spherical, filled with small gonidia.

Maine. Occurring sparingly in a coating composed of several minute on the woodwork of an old wharf. Otter Creek, Mount Desert. July Massachusetts. On Balani and rocks. Magnolia Point. 1900. (Collins). September 1903. (Farlow).
algae,

Genus

XENOCOCCUS

Thuret. Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VI.

i: 6.

1875.

Colonies disc-shaped or crustaceous, attached; cells somewhat spherical, or angular with rounded apices, crowded, forming a parenchymatous, onecelled layer, later several cells in thickness; tegument colorless or yellowish; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green or violet; reproduction by cell division in three directions or by means of gonidia developed in large
peripheral cells; gonidia usually spherical,

sometimes 32 developed

in

gonidangium.
Colonies disc-shaped, composed of one layer of cells; tegument surcells; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, 5.5-7 mic. long, pearX. laysanensis shaped.
I

rounding base of

II

Colonies spherical, solitary or confluent and completely surrounding

the filaments of the host; cells 4-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or flattened.

X.
III

schousboei

Colonies irregularly expanded, one or several layers in thickness; X. kerneri cells 4-6 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length.

112.

Xenococcus laysanensis Lemmermann

Jahrb. 34: 618.
1907.
pi. 8.
f.

Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot.

11-12.

1905.

De
6.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

134.

Plate III.

fig.

5,

Colonies epiphytic, disc-shaped, pseudo-parenchymatous, composed of

50
one layer of
crowded;
cell

Minnesota Algae
cells;

cells 3-4 mic. in

tegument hyaline, mucous, surrounding base of cells; diameter at apex, 5.5-7 mic. long, pear-shaped, polygonal, contents bluish green.
marine algae. Laysan Island. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).
in

Hawaii.
113.

On

Xenococcus schousboei Thuret

2: 74. pi. 26.
f.

I,

2.

1880.

De

Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algol. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 133. 1907.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue

New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. the New Jersey coast and

Bot. Club.
Collins,
Setchell.
1
:

of Plants found in Martindale. Marine Algae of adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr.
J. 2: 612.

1889.

89.

1889.

Collins.

Notes on

New

England Marine Algae

12.

V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.

18: 335. 1891.

(Dermocarpa schousboei).
Bor.-Am.
Erythea.
Fasc.
no.
554.

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc.
III.

1899.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

liminary Lists of
1900;

New England
of Jamaica.

Plants,

V.

7: 54. 1899.

Collins. Pre2: 43.

Marine Algae. Rhodora.

Sci.

The Algae

Proc.

Am. Acad. Arts

Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden, I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. Collins, Holden, Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 554. 1899.
Plate
III.
fig.
7.

37:

239.

1901;

Colonies spherical, solitary and scattered, or grouped in confluent masses which completely surround the filaments of the host, green or
bright blue in color; cells 4-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or flattened by mutual pressure; cell contents light bluish-green.

Maine.

(Collins).

Connecticut.

On

Chantransia, Sphace-

laria,
June,

Rhodochorton.
o
t

December. and Rhizoclonium riparium. Nahant. (Collins). CalNew Jersey. Growing on Lyngbya. Atlantic City. (Martindale). ifornia. On Calothrix Crustacea, which forms a black velvety coating on smooth rocks near high water mark. Carmel Bay, Monterey County. West Indies. On SpermothamJanuary 1899. (Setchell and Gibbs). n i o n. Kingston. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
July,

Seaside Park; Black Rock; Fresh Pond; (Holden). Massachusetts. On Rhodochor-

ton

i i

114.

Xenococcus kerneri Hansgirg.

I.
f.

19.

1887.

De
die

Phys. Toni. Syll. Algar.

und Alg. Studien.

5:

III.

pi.

134. 1907.

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 952. 1902. von Herrn Dr. Walter Volz auf seiner Weltreise Collins. Notes gesammelten Siisswasseralgen. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 18: Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwichon Algae, VI. Rhodora 5: 234. 1903.
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Lemmermann. Ueber

Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.

Plate

III.

fig.

8.

Colonies irregularly expanded, usually one layer of cells in thickness, crustaceous, about 6-g mic. in thickness, rarely of several layers, nodulose, rough, 9-30 mic. in thickness; tegument thick, inconspicuously lamellose,
colorless; cells usually 4-6 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length, with

rounded

apices;

cell

contents dull blue-green or violet; gonidia about 3 mic. in

'

Myxoghyceae
diameter, spherical, usually as
dangia.

many

as

32

developed

in

marginal goni-

Massachusetts. On old plants of Cladophora in upper tide pool, rocky shore. Cohasset. October 1901. (Collins). Hawaii. Ditches and marshes,

between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu.

1896-97. (Schauinsland).

Genus

HYELLA

Bornet and Flahault. Journ. de Bot.

162.

1888.

Colonies radiately expanded, orbicular, composed of two kinds of filaments; primary filaments horizontal, tangled, twisted, finally becoming a very densely woven felty mass; secondary filaments vertical, developed from primary; branching true; tegument septate, thicker at base of filament,- narrower above; cells disconnected, not joined in chains, lower ones short, sometimes divided longitudinally, upper ones longer; reproduction by means of vegetative cells set free from tegument and by means of gonidia formed in gonidangia by successive division of contents.
I

Colonies yellowish or olive, at

first

forming minute patches or dots,

erect filaments usually
to 10 mic. in diameter.

becoming membranaceous or cushion-shaped; parallel; vegetative cells usually 5-6, sometimes up

later

H. cae^pitosa
Colonies immersed in substance of vegetative cells 5-10 mic. in diameter
TI
115.
shell,

brownish-gray or bright blue; H. fontana

Hyella caespitosa Hornet and Flahault. Note sur deux nouveaux Genres d'Algues perforantes. Journ. de Bot. 2: 162. 1888; Sur quelques Plantes vivant dans le Test Calcaire des Mollusques. Bull.
Soc. Bot. France. 36: CLXV. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 125. 1907.
Collins.
pi.

10.

f.

7-9;

pi.

11.

1889.

De

Maine. 249. 1894.

7.

Algae.Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
1897.

no.

302.

Setchell.

54.

1899.

Collins. Preliminary lists of

Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. den, I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Cyanophyceae. HI. Erythea. 7: England plants, V. Marine 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Hol-

Notes on

New

Plate III.

fig.

9-II-

Colonies at first forming minute patches or dots, later becoming membranaceous or cushion-shaped, 1-2 mm. wide, yellowish, olive or brownish, for a time mucous, fleshy; erect filaments usually parallel, about 10 mic. in diameter, 100-200' mic. long; tegument simple, gelatinous, colorless; vegetative cells usually S-6, rarely up to 10 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose or angular, associated in filaments, sometimes irregularly branched;
cell

contents yellowish-olive, rarely olive to bluish-green.

Canada. In oyster sh&lls. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull). Maine. In dead shells. Spectacle Island, Penobscot Bay. July 1894; growing Rhode Island. in the substance of dead shells. Seal Harbor. (Collins). MassachuConnecticut. In shells. June, August. (Holden). (Collins).
setts. (Collins).

California.

On

shells of the eastern oyster

(O

s t r

a e a

virgin! an
ell).

a).

Probably introduced. Bay Farm Island, Alameda. (Setch-

52
ii6.

Minnesota Algae
Hyella fontana Huber and Jadin. Sur une nouvelle Algue perforante d'eau douce. Journ. de Bot. 6: 285. pi. 11. 1892. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 126. 1907.

Collins,
Collins.
95. 1897.

Holden and

Some

Setchell. Fhyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 303. 1897. perforating and other Algae on freshwater shells. Erythea. 5:

Plate III.

fig.

i3.

Colonies immersed in substance of

shell,

dark gray or bright blue,

often very dense and then through division of cells having the aspect of Chroococcus, or loosely branched; integument almost invisible; vegetative
cells S-io mic. in diameter, two to four times shorter than wide; idangia usually larger and more nearly spherical than the vegetative

goncells.

company with Plectonema terebrans, "Twin lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield county. August 1895. (Setchell and Holden).
Connecticut. In shells in

G'Omontia holdenii.

"Scattered through the shells, sometimes in rather dense, chroococcoidal masses, sometirnes in loosely branching filaments."

Collins.

Genus DERMOCARPA Crouan. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 9: 70. 1858.
Colonies usually epiphytic, forming a somewhat indefinite layer; cells egg-shaped, pear-shaped, oval or oblong, solitary or united in a layer; cell contents usually blue-green or violet; reproduction by means of gonidia formed by simultaneous division of contents of the gonidangium; gonidangia oval or elongate, dissolving at apex to allow the scape of the

spherical,

gonidia.
I
1

Cells

somewhat

oval or oblong, not contracted at base to

form

a stalk.

Cell contents blue-green, green, olive or Cell contents rose-colored or violet

(i)
(2)

brown

D. prasina
D. rosea D. violacea

Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter Cells 8-28 mic. in diameter

II
1

Cells contracted at base to

form a

stalk.

Colonies dark violet-brown; length

cells 18-25 mic. in diameter, 40-60 mic. in

D. fucicola

Colonies irregularly outlined; cells 8.5-11 mic. in diameter, 16.5-33.5 mic. in length D. smaragdinus Colonies minute; cells 9-5-17 mic. in diameter, 13-25 mic. in length D. olivaceus
Cells 18-24 mic. in diameter, 17-24 mic. in length

D. leibleiniae
var. pelagica
117.

Dermocarpa prasina (Reinsch) Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algologique. 2: 73-77.

1907.
pi.

26.

f.

6-9.

1880.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 128.


Myxophyceae
53

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 335. 1891; Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Ani. Fasc. I. no. i. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,

V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. of Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 182.
1903.

Plate III.

fig.

13-15-

Colonies forming a cushion-like expansion of a somewhat spherical mass; sheaths delicate; cell.s, 4-24 mic. in diameter, 15-30 mic. in length,
cylindrical-oblpng, club-shaped or spatulate, closely packed, laterally compressed; cell contents homogeneous, deep blue-green or green, becoming
bluish, olive or brownish; gonidia arranged in a single row in the small cylindrical gonidangia or in several rows in the larger gonidangia.

Alaska. Abundant on Sphacelaria. From Puget Sound to the Islands. (Saunders). New England. Grows quite abundantly in spring on the coast, on the older part of the fronds of Polysiphonia

Shumagin

fastigiata.

(Collins).

Maine.

On Polysiphonia fastigiata.
between
tides.

Near Seal Harbor.

1891. (Setchell).
118.

(Collins).

Connecticut. (Collins).
Little

On Polysiphonia fastigiata,
Rhode
Dermocarpa
141. 1889.
a-c. 1875.

Massachusetts. Nahant. April

Island. (Collins).
Batters.

(?) rosea (Reinsch)

Marine Algae of Berwich.

pi.

Reinsch. Contrib. Algol, et Fungol. i: 18. (Sphaenosiphon r o s e u s Reinsch).

26.

f.

4.

De

Toni.

Syll.

Algar. 5: 130. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of

New

England.
fig.

61. 1881.

Plate III.

16-18.

Colonies 2-5 cm. in diameter, indefinitely expanded; tegument thick, gelatinous, hyaline, surrounding the cells; individual sheaths distinct, somewhat thick; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, ovoid-elliptical, loosely arranged; cell contents homogeneous, rose-colored.

Newfoundland.
119.

On

zoophytes. Coast of Labrador. (Reinsch).

Dermocarpa violacea Crouan. Note

sur quelques Algues Marines nouvelles de la rade de Brest. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 9: 70. pi. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 129. 1907. 3. f. 2. A-D. 1858.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of

New

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 556. 1899. England Plants, V. Marine Algae. Rho-

dora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plate III.

fig.

ig-2i.

Colonies indefinitely expanded or forming patches, rose-red; sheaths thin; cells 8-28 mic. in diameter, oval to wedge-shaped; cell contents rosered to violet.

New
with

England.

On Enteromorpha intestinalis.
lute
a,

In

company
(Collins).

Lyngbya

Amphithrix violacea,

etc.

54

Minnesota Algae
Island.

Rhode

On Enteromorpha intestinalis.
1898.

Easton's Point,

Newport. September
120.

(Simmons).

Dermocarpa
Saunders.

fucicola Saunders in Collins,

801. 1901.

Holden and
5:

Setchell. Phyc.
129.

Bor.-Am. no.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.

The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of NorthSci. 3: 397. pi. 46. f. 4, 5. 1901. Collins, Holden western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 181. 1903. and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1251. 1905.

Plate III.

fig.

22, 23.

forming orbicular or irregular patches which become confluent into irregular masses of indefinite extent, dark
Colonies 2-12
in

mm.

in diameter,

violet-brown
Alaska.

color; cells

18-25 mic. in diameter, 40-60 mic.

in

length,

'ovate, clavate or spatulate,

much narrowed below;

gonidia abundant.

On Fucus.

Puget Sound. (Saunders).

Canada. North of

Oak Bay,

Victoria, British Columbia. July 1898.

(Tilden).

Washingtoh.

On Iridaea laminarioides. Minnesota reef. San Juan Island. 1898. (Tilden). On G e d u m. East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington. (Gardner.) On Fucus, Gigartina, Odonthalia, Amphiroa, West shore of Whidbey Island, Washington. (Gardner). On Fucus evanesCalcens macrocephalus. Near Seattle.' June 1899. (Saunders). ifornia. On G e d u m, middle littoral. Point Carmel. Monterey County.
1 i i
1

June

1901. (Setchell).

"The present species occurs along the western coast of North America from Puget Sound to Monterey, California, and grows on all sorts of algae. In its younger and purely vegetative condition, the patches are small and the cells are long and narrow, 4-8 mic. broad and up to 28 mic. high, of equal breadth throughout. Soon they begin to broaden above giving them something of a pear-shape. In this condition they correspond closely to the description and figures given by Sauvageau (1895, p. 8 pi. 7. f. 2, 3.)
of his D. biscayensis.''

"Sauvageau's
tion,

specimens,
still

conidia, but our specimens

they become

which grew on Sargassum, do not show show that when the cells proceed to this condimore swollen in the upper part, while the lower
in height

part remains narrow, resembling a sort of stipe.

cells

measure 60-65 mic.

and 25-35

niic.

In conidial condition the in diameter. * * *

We

specimens can be compared, that this species will b^ found to be identical with D. biscayensis Sauvageau." Setchell.
believe that
fruiting

when

121.

Dermocarpa smaragdinus (Reinsch) nob.

et

Fungol.

i:

16.

pi.

25.

f.

4.

1907.

(Sphaenosiphon
New

Reinsch. Contrib. Algol. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5; 131. smaragdinus Reinsch).

1875.

De

Farlow. Marine Algae.

England.

61.

1881

Plate III.

fig. 24, 25.

Colonies irregularly outlined; sheaths thick; cells 8.5-11 mic. in diameter, I6.S-33-S mic. in length, pear-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped, rounded at the apex, prolonged at the base into a hyaline stalk about 2 mic. in diameter; cell contents slightly granular, deep bluish-green (smaragdinus).

Myxophyceae
Canada.
(Reinsch). (Reinsch).
122.

55

On Polysiphonia. Lawrence River, AnticoSti Island. Newfoundland. On Plocamium coccineum. Labrador.

Dermocarpa olivaceus (Reinsch) nob. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol,

Fungol.
1907.
i:

et 132.

17.

pi.

27.

f.

2.

(Sphaenosiphon
New
Plate IIL

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: olivaceus Reinsch).

1875.
61. 1881.

De

Farlow. Marine Algae

England.

fig. 26, 27.

Colonies minute, expanded or somewhat hemispherical; sheaths thick, lamellose; cells 9.5-17 mic. in diameter, 13-25 mic. in length, pear-shaped or wedge-shaped, broadly rounded at apex, contracted at base; cell contents
finely

granular.

Canada.

Newfoundland.
123.

On Ceramium rubrum. On Ceramium rubrum.

leibleiniae
d.

Anticosti

Island. (Reinsch). Labrador. (Reinsch).

Dermocarpa
Syll.

Schizophyceen
Algar.

(Reinsch) Bornet var. pelagica Wille. Die Plankton Expedition. 50. pi. i. f. i, 2. De Toni.

5: 702. 1907.

Plate III.

fig. 28.

Sheaths moderately thick, lamellose; cells 18-24 rnic. in diameter, 17-24 mic. in length, irregularly pear-shaped, prolonged at the base into a delicate
stalk.

Bermudas. (Wille).

Genus

CHAMAESIPHON
Fl.

Braun and Grunow

2:

in

Rabenhorst.

Eur. Algar.

148. 1865.

Plants epiphytic, erect, cylindrical, somewhat filiform, club-shaped or pear-shaped, attached at base, widening upwards to free apex, solitary or aggregated; sheaths present; cell walls very thin; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green, violet or yellow; reproduction by one-celled, non-motile gonidia which are successively cut off from the upper portion of the contents of the gonidangium, gradually escaping from the open apex.
I

Gonidangia usually 1-2

celled.

Ch. incrustans Ch. curvatus

in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. z:
5:

II
124.

Gonidangia many-celled

Chamaesiphon incrustans Grunow

149. 1865.
a

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

136. 1907.

Mobius. Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und LuftHarvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 246. 1888. TUden. List of freshMaine. III. Bull. Torn Bot. Club. 19: 124. 1892. water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. 599. 1896.
Sci. 14: 8. 1908.

56
Plate III.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
29, 30.

Gonidangia 1-2 celled, 1-3 mic. in diameter at the base, 4-8 mic. in diameter at the apex, 7-30 mic. in length, club-shaped or long cylindrical, straight or curved, solitary or densely crowded in groups; tegument colorless, at first closed, later open at apex; cell contents blue-green; gonidia about 2 mic. in diameter.
Maine. Attached to filamentous algae. Spring, College meadow, Orono. (Harvey). Minnesota. In tank in Botanical Laboratory. University, Minneapolis, February 1896. (Tilden). Iowa. Growing on the surface of an alga, probably an Oedogonium. Eagle Grove. Hewitt's Pond. 1904. (Buchanan). West Indies. Growing on an Oedogonium. In warm springs. Los Banos, near Coamo. Porto Rico. (Sintenis).
125.

Chamaesiphon curvatus Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis

Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus. Syll. Algar. 5: 139. 1907.
4. pi. I.
f.

et

I, 2.

1878.

De

de Toni.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis SandLemmermann. Algenfl. vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 4. 1878. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
Plate III.
fig. 31.

Gonidangia many-celled, 3-10 mic.

in

somewhat cylindrical, more or less curved, ment colorless; cell contents blue-green.
of

rising

diameter, 20-100 mic. in length, from a narrow base; tegu--

Hawaii. Among filaments of Oahu. (Berggren).

Cladophora.

Near Honolulu. Island

Order

II.

HORMOGONEAE
more rows by means of hormogones or

Plants multicellular, filamentous, attached to a substratum or free-floating; filaments simple or branched, usually consisting of one or
of cells within a sheath; reproduction occurs

resting gonidia.

Family I. Oscillatoriaceae. Filaments frequently branched, containing one or more trichomes; sheaths variable, more or less gelatinous; trichomes consisting of a simple row of cells uniform along their entire length, except for the apical cells which sometimes taper more or less; heterocysts absent; reproduction by means of vegetative division and hormogones.
Family II. Nostocaceae. Sheaths very delicate, mostly confluent, usually not visible; trichomes usually twisting and entangled, consisting of a single row of uniform cells, with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegetative division,

hormogones and

gonidia.

Scytonemaceae. Filaments with a false branch system; sheaths firm and tubular; trichomes consisting of a single row of cells, but not of uniform thickness, with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.

Family

III.

Family IV.

firm, often irregular;

StigOnemaceae. Filaments frequently branched; sheaths thick, trichomes consisting of one or several rows of cells.

Myxophyceae
with heterocysts; reproduction by means
of vegetative
division,

57

hormo-

gones and gonidia.

P'amily V.
Rivulariaceae. Filaments tapering from the base to the apex, ending in a multicellular, colorless hair; heterocysts usually present, basal; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.

Family

I.

OSCILLATORIACEAE

Filaments frequently branched, containing one or more trichomes; sheaths variable, more or less gelatinous; trichomes consisting of a simple row of cells uniform along their entire length; except for the apical cells which sometimes taper more or less; heterocysts absent; reproduction by means of vegetative division and hormogones.
I
1

Sheaths not present.

(i)

Trichomes straight or nearly so, never forming a regular spiral Trichomes cylindrical, usually without sheaths, free; apex of

trich-

ome
(2)

straight or curved
cylindrical, without

Oscillatoria

Trichomes
scale-like

sheaths, united in free-swimming

masses
a regular,

Trichodesmium

Trichomes forming
(i) (2)

more

or less lax spiral

Trichomes multicellular
Trichomes unicellular

Arthrospira
Spirulina

II
1

Sheaths present.
Filaments simple or branched; sheaths cylindrical, firm; trichomes single within the sheath; apex of trichome straight
(i)

Filaments sheaths

simple,

more or

less

agglutinated by

their

mucous

Phormidium
free, free-floating or

(2)

Filaments simple,
Filaments
solitary

forming a matted mass

Lyngbya
(3)

often

branched,

forming erect

tufts;

false

branches

Symploca

(4)

Filaments simple; sheaths usually purple or flesh-colored; apical Porphyrosiphon cell not capitate

Filaments frequently branched; sheaths firm, lamellose, transparent or colored; trichomes several within the sheath Sheaths more or less mucous, colorless, diffluent; trichomes few (i) within the sheath; apex of trichome capitate Hydrocoleus
(2)

Filaments prostrate, woven "into a solid membranaceous mass, often slightly branched; sheaths solid, always thin, colorless;
plants terrestrial or aquatic

Hypheothrix

(3)

Filaments prostrate at the base, above forming erect tufts; sheaths

solid,

transparent; plants terrestrial

Symplocastrum
Inactis

(4)

Filaments tufted, often much branched; sheaths transparent or

scarcely colored; plants low, aquatic

58
(5)

Minnesota Algae
Filaments branched; sheaths solid, closed at the apex, of various colors; trichomes densely aggregated within the sheath Schizothrix

(6)

Sheaths wide, transparent or yellowish brown; trichomes very few within the sheath, very loosely aggregated

Dasygloea
(7)

Sheaths

mucous, not

lamellose,

many
3

within the sheath

always transparent; trichomes Microcoleus

Colonies somewhat spherical, elliptical or spindle-shaped; filaments solitary or aggregated in colonies; sheaths thick, gelatinous (i) Sheaths very thick; trichomes usually single or in scattered frag-

ments
(2)

Catagnymene
sheaths thick;

Colonies somewhat spherical;

radiating

trichomes curved, Haliarachne

Genus

OSCILLATORIA

Vaucher. Hist. Conferves.

165. 1803.

cylindrical, free, motile, without a sheath or rarely enclosed very thin, fragile, mucous sheath, often constricted at the joints; apex of trichome straight, curved, or more or less regularly spiralled, often tapering; outer wall of apical cell often thickened, forming a calyptra.
in a
I

Trichomes

Plants

living

in

fresh

water,

floating;

straight, gradually tapering, obtuse, finally capitate; cells

apex of trichome constantly somewhat quad-

rate or shorter than the diameter, never very short.

1

Plant mass purple; trichomes 2.2-5 inic. in diameter; cells what quadrate or longer than the diameter O. prolifica

somecells

Plant mass light blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; somewhat quadrate or twice as short as the diameter O. agardhii

II Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes large or very large; apex of trichome straight, curved or spiral, not at all or briefly tapering, obtuse; cells very short.
1

Transverse walls never granulated

(i)

Trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly tapering, somewhat capitate, hooked O. princeps Trichomes 12-15 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome tapering, capitate, hooked or loosely terebriform O. proboscidea

(2)

Transverse walls frequently granulated

(i)

Apex

of trichome straight
in diameter, constricted at joints;

A
B

Trichomes 10-20 mic.

apex of

trichome very briefly tapering, somewhat capitate O. sancta

Trichomes 11-20 mic.

in

diameter, not constricted at joints; apex

of trichome neither tapering nor capitate

O. limosa

Myxophyceae
(2)

59

Apex

of trichome spiral, rarely

hooked
O. curviceps

A
B C

Trichomes Trichomes

10-17 w'<^- i" diameter, not constricted at joints; apex

of trichome not capitate

apex of trichome slightly tapering, obtusely rounded, usually straight O. major

18-23 ic. in diameter;
joints,

Trichomes 9-1 1 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at here and there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells;
cell

apical

not capitate

O. ornata

Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, here and there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apical cell
capitate

O. anguina

III

Plants living in salt water; trichomes always constricted at joints, rarely straight or spiral throughout; apex of trichome scarcely tapering, very gradually curved, obtuse.

Trichomes twisted Trichomes not

straight
(i)

into a regular spiral

O. bonnemaisonii
in

spiral,

gradually

curved

apical

portion,

rarely

Plant mass dull red; trichomes 16-24

rnic- in

diameter O. miniata
in diameter O. margaritifera

(2)

Plant mass olive green; trichomes 17-29 mic.

Plant mass dark olive
straight, fragile

(3)

green;

trichomes 7-11 mic. in diameter, O. nigro-viridis

(4)

Plant mass thin, fragile; trichomes 9.6-1 1.9 mic. in diameter, sometimes spirally coiled, sometimes curved or even nearly straight O. capitata
Plants epiphytic; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, flexuous, flexible O. corallinae
living
in

(5)

IV
1

Plants

fresh

water,

sometimes

in

hot

water;

trichomes

straight or curved, not tapering at the apices.

Trichomes

8.5 mic. in diameter, straight or slightly flexuous

O. nigra
2

Trichomes 4-10 mic.

joints, often

in

diameter, usually slightly constricted at the

curved at the apices; transverse walls usually furnished with two rows of granules O. tenuis
2-3 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, curved at

Trichomes

the apices; transverse walls mic granules

commonly marked by two

in

protoplas-

O. amphibia
a circinate

4
5

Trichomes

1-1.5

mic. in diameter, straight or rolled

manner
Trichomes
2.3-4 mic. in diameter, curved,

O. subtilissima very much constricted at

joints; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated

O. geminata
6

Trichomes

2.5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; trans-

verse walls pellucid

O. minnesotensis

6o
7

Minnesota Algae
Trichomes
3.5-4 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; transO. chlorina verse walls pellucid, not granulated

Trichomes

.6

mic.

in

diameter, flexible, elongate, tangled, not con-

stricted at joints

O. angustissima

tapering,

Plants living in fresh water, hot water, rarely in salt water; trichomes more or less pointed, hooked or flexuous, not entirely spiralled (except O. c h a 1 y b e a) cells longer or shorter than the diameter, never
;

very short.
1

Apical
(1)

cell capitate

Trichomes Trichomes
cell

2-3 mic. in diameter;

cells

longer than their diameter O. splendida

(2)

2.5-5 mic. in diameter;

cells

somewhat quadrate O. amoena

Apical
(i)

not capitate

Plants living in salt water

A
B

Trichomes

4.7-6.5 mic. in diameter, flexible, undulating; apex of trichome very gradually tapering, \ery flexuous O. subuliformis

Trichomes 4 mic.

in

diameter,

coiled in a regular circle, very

somewhat flexuous, sometimes much constricted at joints; apex

O. salinarum

of trichome tapering, slightly curved, obtuse

C
(2)

Trichomes

3-5 mic. in diameter, fragile, straight;

briefly tapering,

hooked or undulating

apex of trichome O. laete-virens

Plants living in fresh water, often in hot water, rarely in brackish

water

Trichomes

3-5 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome briefly tapering, very sharply pointed, hooked; cells usually longer than their diameter O. acuminata 3-4 mic. in diameter; apex of t.richome briefly tapering, very sharply pointed, hooked; cells usually shorter than their diameter O. animalis
4-4.5 mic. in diameter, straight, entangled; transverse granulated; cell contents violet or sky-blue

B Trichomes

C Trichomes
walls

O. violacea

Trichomes
inflated

4-6.5 mic. in diameter, here

refringent

cells;

hooked or flexuous;
eter

cells

and there interrupted by apex of trichome briefly tapering, three times shorter than their diamO. brevis
apex of trichome obtuse- straight, O. cruenta

Trichomes 4-7 mic.

in diameter;

rarely slightly curved

F Trichomes

4-6 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex somewhat obtusely tapering, hooked; cells quadrate or one-half as long as wide
of trichome briefly and

O. formosa

Myxophyceae

6t

Trichomes

^.5-4 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome very gradually*tapering, hooked or undulating; cells O. numidica quadrate or longer than the diameter

Trichomes 5.5-8 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome very gradually tapering, hooked or undulating; cells quadrate or longer than the diameter, very long near

the apex
1

O. cortiana
5.5-9 mic.
in diameter,

Trichomes

constricted at joints; apex of

trichome very gradually tapering, undulating and finally hooked; apical cell obtuse; cells shorter than their diameter O. okeni
J

Trichomes 8-13 mic. sometimes twisted

in

diameter, scarcely constricted at joints,

apex of trichome briefly or gradually tapering and hooked; apical cell obtuse; cells shorter than their diameter O. chalybea
in loose spirals;

K
L

Trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, straight, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome often slightly tapering, obtuse,
straight or curved

O. subsalsa

Trichomes

mic. in diameter, straight; apex of trichome usually curved, somewhat tapering, obtuse-truncate
15.5-18.5

O. percursa

VI
tire
1

larly terebriform in apical portion or

Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes reguforming a spiral throughout their enlength, more or less tapering in the apical portion.

Trichomes 6-8 mic.

in diameter, forming a lax and regular spiral through their entire length, or straight and hooked at the apex; O. boryana apical cell pointed, not capitate

Trichomes
spiralled

4-6.5

mic.

in

and terebriform above;

diameter, flexuous, straigfht below, loosely apical cell obtuse, not capitate

O. terebriformis
Species not well understood.

O. subtorulosa
126.

Oscillatoria prolifica
lariees. 225. pi.
6.

(Greville)
f.

Gomont.

8.

1893.

De

Monographie des OscilToni. Syll. Algar. 5: 149. 1907.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. exsicc. no. 229. 1889. Trelease. The "Working" of the Madison Lakes. (O. diffusa Farlow). Hauck and Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 122. pi. 10. 1889. Collins, Holden and SetchRichter. Phykotheka Universalis, no. 477. 1892.
ell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

certain
1901.

4.

no. 154. 1896.

i
:

Supplies by Algae. Rhodora.

in

100. 1899;

Moore. The The causes of

Pollution of

Water

the red-brown color

248.

Cyanophyceae. Soc. Plant. Morph. and Phys. Sci. N. S. 13: Hyams and Richards. Notes on Oscillatoria prolifica (GreOlive. ville). Tech. Quart. 14: 302. 1901; 15: 3o8. 1902; 17: 270. 1904. Notes on the occurrence of Oscillatoria prolifica (Greville) Gomont in the Ice of Pine Lake, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci.
15: 124. 1905.

62
Plate

Minnesota Algae
IV.
fig.
I.

Plant mass expanded, floating, purple, when dried becoming lilac; trichomes 2.2-5 mic. in diameter, straight, elongate, flexible, not constricted at joints, when old gradually tapering at apex, obtuse, capitate; cells 4-6 mic. in length, subquadrate or a little longer than wide; apical cell -slightly tapering, truncate; calyptra depressed conical; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents refringent, coarsely granular.

Jamaica Pond.

Giving a pronounced purple color to the water of (Farlow). Jamaica Pond. (Moore, Hyams and Richards). Floating freely or forming scum. Jamaica Pond, Boston. (Collins). Forming a floating scum. Jamaica Pond, Jamaica Plain. December 1893. (Burrage). Wisconsin. Pine Lake, Waukesha County. August, October
Massachusetts.
1884. 1900. July 1905.
127.

(Olive).

Oscillatoria agardhii
Syll.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill.

225.

1893.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5: 149. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

IV.
fig.
2.

30. no.

1451. 1908.

Plate

Plant mass widely expanded, floating, light blue-green; trichomes 4-6

mic. in diameter, straight throughout entire length, fragile, not constricted
at joints,

gradually tapering towards the apex, obtuse, capitate; cells 2.S-3-5

cell

mic. in length; apical cell slightly tapering, truncate; calyptra convex; trans-

verse walls granulated; Missouri. St. Louis.

128.

December

contents coarsely granular, pale blue-green. 1906. (Hus).

Hist. Conferves d'eau douce. 190. pi.
Oscill. 226. pi. 6.
f.

Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher.

15.
f.

2.

1803.

Gomont. Monogr.
5:

9.

1903.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

150.

1907.

Maze and Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 124. 1858. Schramm. Essai class. Algues Guadeloupe. 17. 1870-77. Wood. Contr. Hist. Farlow, Fresh- Water Algae N. A. 20. 1872. (O. imperator Wood). Eaton. Am.-Bor. exsicc. no. A.nderson and Algae 177. 1877. RabenWittrock and Nordstedt. Algae aq. dulc. exsicc. no. 393. 1877-87.
horst.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. Collins. Flora of Middlesex Mobius. Ueber einige in Portorico County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Bengesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 248. 1888.

Algen Europas.
f.

no. 2535. 1878.

208.
f.

317. pi. 207.

20,

22;

pi.

3,

4.

1887.

nett.

Plants

of the
1889.
in

Trelease. The "Working" of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 125. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.
in the

Mackenzie. A preliminary J. 2: 610. i88g. neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta Flora of Nebraska. III. 7: 270. 1890. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Min21. pi. I. f. 17. 1894. Collins, Holden and nesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 235. 1895. Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. i. no. 2. 1895. II. no. 187. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae.

New
of

list

Algae collected

Bot. Gaz. 25: loi.

lins.

pi. 9.

f.

19.

1898;

Am.

Alg. Cent. III. no. 296. 1898.

Preliminary Lists of

New

England Plants,

V.

Col-

Marine Algae. Rho-

Myxophyceae
dora. 2: 42. 1900;
239. 1901.

63

Bull,

The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwest-

ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 182. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1253. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35:

243, 247. 1908.

Sci.

Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.
i.

14:

15.

1908.

no. 649.

1909.

Plate IV.

fig.

3.

Plant mass dark green or black; trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter, when dried, not constricted at joints, slightly tapering, more or less curved and somewhat truncate at apex, somewhat capitate; apical cell convex above; calyptra none; cells 3.5-7 mic. in length; transverse walls never granulated; cell contents finely granular, rarely showing coarser granules.
straight, rigid, fragile

in

Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie). United States. Frequent ponds and pools from Maine to Florida. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Floating on quiet pool. Saugus. (Collins). Cambridge. July 1890. (Farlow). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Connecticut. Bruce's Brook; Fresh Pond. July, September, October; resting on muddy bottom and floating in considerable masses on the surface of quiet water. Parrott's Pond, Bridgeport. July 1892. (Holden). New Jersey. Frequent in ponds and pools. Cape May; Dennisville. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Bethlehem. August 1877. (Wolle). Alabama. Auburn. May 1896. (Baker). Indiana. In ponds Ohio. In washings of near Bloomington. June to November. (Brown). stones and of plants growing in lake. Lake Erie. (Snow). Wisconsin. Minnesota. Bridal Veil Falls, In a brook. Near Madison. (Trelease). Iowa. Fayette. (Fink). Ames. (Bessey). Minneapolis. June 1894. (Tilden). NePond, amid dense growth of L e m n a. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). braska. Occasionally found among other algae in the Dismal River region Wyoand in many places in the eastern part of the state. (Saunders). ming. "Forming a black, thick floating mass in mountain stream at vent of hot spring. Gradually runs out, being replaced by green at a distance of fifty feet from vent. Temperature five feet from spring 42 C; fifty feet from spring 38 C." Mountains near Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin. June 1896; forming dark green velvety mass fringing edge of smal/ mountain creek where a hot spring flows out just underneath the bank. Temperature of water one inch below surface 19 C; on surface 58 C. Near Emerald Pool. Upper Geyser Basin. July 1896. Yellowstone National Washington. In pond on shore of lake. Green Lake, Park. (Tilden). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze and King County. July 1897. (Tilden). Schramm). In river near "Coamo." Porto Rico. (Sentenis). In mats in stream. St. Ann's Bay. Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Bath, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

Forma purpurea

Collins

in Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-

64

Minnesota Algae
Fasc.
i6.

Am.

no. 753. 1900;

The Algae
1.

of Jamaica. Proc.

Am. Acad.

Art.s.

Sci. 37: 239. 1901.

De

Toni.

c.

152.

Plant mass bright purple; trichomes bright purple.

Indies. Forming a stratum on a roadside brook, near the baths. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

West

129.

Oscillatoria proboscidea
1893.

Gomont.

Monogr.

Oscill. 229. pi. 6,

f.

10, 11.

Crouan
1870. (O.

in

De Toni. Syll. Algar. Maze and Schramm.

Crouan).

5: 152. 1907.

antillarum

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 17. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh- Water Al-

gae North America. 20. pi. 2. f. 5. a, b. 1872. (O. neglecta Wood). ColAlgae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 289. 1901. Setchlins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1159. 1904. ell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i:
Collins.
182.

1903.

Plate IV.

fig. 4.

Plant mass dark green; trichomes 12-15 mic in diameter, straight or somewhat flexuous, here and there spiral, not constricted at joints, sometimes mixed with other Oscillatorias; apex of trichome briefly tapering, capitate, almost truncate, curved or loosely spiralled; apical cell showing a convex, slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls never granulated; cell contents finely granular.
Alaska. In a small pond of fresh water. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. 1899. Pennsylvania. In shallow ditches along railroad track. Near Manayunk. (Wood). California. On rocks in stream. North Berkeley. March 1901. (Gardner). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze and Schramm).

(Lawson).

In a pool by "Wag Water" and Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

130.

in

stream from

reservoir.

Castleton,

Oscillatoria sancta Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

i: 30.
f.

pi. 42.

f.

7.

184S-1849.
Syll.

Gomont. Monogr.
Algar. S: 153. 1907.

Oscill.

229.

pi.

6.

12.

1893.

De

Toni.

Collins, HolTilden. Am. Alg. Cent. I. no. 73. 1894. (O. 1 m o s a). Setchell. Notes den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 500. 1898. Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. V. on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. no. 495. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 166. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
i

Bot.

1:

182. 1903.

Plate IV.

fig.

5.

Plant mass dark lead-colored, becoming violet when dried and tinting paper a beautiful violet; trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter, elongate, flexible, straight or curved, fragile when dried, constricted at joints; apex of trich-

ome very briefly tapering, somewhat capitate, straight; cells 2.5-6 mic. in length; wall of apical cell strongly thickened into a conspicuous convex calyptra; transverse walls marked with densely crowded coarse granules; cell contents olive green or mouse-colored,

Myxophyceae

65

New York. At bottom of warm spring. Lebanon Springs. (Harrison). Minnesota. Growing in somewhat dry sheets on sides of wooden tables in greenhouse. St. Paul. November 1894. (Tilden). Washington. In a small pond of fresh water. Port Townsend. (Gardner). California. At bottom of cold stream. Near Oakland. (Setchell). On earth among flower pots in conservatories. University of California. Berkeley. (Nott). Hawaii. Forming a reddish-brown skin on wet sides of cliff. Falls four miles from mouth of river. Waialuka River. Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900; on muddy sides of sewer ditch. Kealea Plantation, Kauai. July 1900. (Tilden).
tlser. 49. 1886.

Var. caldariorum (Hauck) Lagerheim. Algologiska Bidrag. Bot. NoGomont. 1. c. 230. 1893. De Toni. 1. c. 154. 1907.
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.
in diameter.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

22. no.

1055.

IQOS-

Trichomes 10-14 mic.

California.
F'rancisco.

On

December

moist ground in conservatory. Golden Gate Park, San 1902. (Gardner).

1.

Var. aequinoctialis Gomont.

Collins,

c.

230.

1893.

De

Toni.
11.

1.

c.

154.

1907.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no. 502. 1898;

Fasc. 28. no. 1352. 1907.

Trichomes 15-20 mic.

in

diameter.

Massachusetts. In stagnant water in claypit. West Medford. September California. Forming dark brown patches on damp soil 1906. (Collins). in greenhouses. University of California, Berkeley. 1896. (Nott).
131.

Oscillatoria

limosa Agardh.
Oscill. 230. 1893.

Disp.

Monogr.
of

De

Alg. Suec. 35. 1812. Gomont Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 154. 1907.

Collins. Algae WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 313. pi. 206. 1887. Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of NanMartindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and tucket. 4. 1888. adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 90. 1889. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

zie.

MackenJ. 2: 609. 1889. (O. froelichii Kg.). preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. preliminary list of the Jelliffe. Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. plants found in the Ridgewood Water Supply of the City of Brooklyn, King's County, N. Y. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 20: 243. 1893; A preliminary

report upon the microscopical organisms found in the Brooklyn water further contribution to the supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 7: 602. 1893; microscopical examination of the Brooklyn water supply. Brook. Med. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 72. 1894. Journ. 8: 592. 1894.

Collins. Algae.
248.

Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 21. Tilden. List of Freshwater Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 235. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 253. 1897. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England in. Erythea. 7: S3. 1899. Tilden. American Algae. Plants.V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. igoo. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Cent. VI. no. 592. 1902.

Rand and

1894.

Saunders.

Fish

Comm.

Bull,

for

1902.

22:

392.

1993-

(O.

froehlichii

Kuetz.).

66
Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Bull. 268. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 243, 247. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1503. 1908. Tilden. American A'gae. Cent. Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.
Setchell
Bot.
i:

and Gardner. Algae

1903.

of

183.

Collins. Phycological

VII. Fasc.

I.

no. 648. 1909.

Plate IV.

fig. 6.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 11-20 mic. in diameter, crowded, and fragile), not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, not at all or scarcely tapering, not capitate; apical cell showing a convex, somewhat thickened outer wall; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents bluegreen or olive.
straight (in dried specimens rigid

United States. (Wolle). Canada. Humber River, Toronto. (Mackenzie). Massachusetts. Maine. In fresh water. Mount Desert Island. (Holden). Newton. (Farlow). Charles River, Newton; on wharves, Nantucket; in Rhode Island. (Colclaypit, Glenwood, Medford, April 1892. (Collins). Connecticut. On sandy bottom and floating in fresh water ditch. lins). May 1892; Berkshire Mill Pond (brackish), Bridgeport, May 1894; stream, Stratford; Great Falls of the Housatonic; ditch below Factory Pond, floating and attached to plants; Berkshire Mill Pond; forming a dark purple stratum on plants in running water, Pequonnock River, below Factory Pond Dam. (Holden). New York. Brooklyn water supply. DecemNew Jersey. Stapleton and Tomkinsville, ber and February. (Jelliffe). Texas. 1902. Staten Island. (Pike). Frequent, on wet earth. (Wolle). (Fanning.) Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County. 1902. (Riddle). In washings of stones and of plants growing in the lake. Put-in-Bay, Lake Indiana. Faris Pond, Fees Pond, Monon Pond, Jordan Erie. (Snow). Branch. Near Bloomington. December until May. (Brown). Minnesota. Growing mostly beneath surface of water. Current very swift. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1894. (Tilden). In rapidly running water, forming brown coating on decayed leaves. Minnehaha Creek, above the Falls, Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hone). Iowa. In a sulphur spring, Iowa Falls. June 1904. (Gardner). Very common. Iowa City. (Hobby). Fayette. (Fink). On damp earth, forming a thin coating. Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan). Moist earth; floating in Hewitt's Pond, Eagle Grove; on moist soil in the greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan). Nebraska. Common on damp earth, forming a blue-green coating. (Saunders). Washington. Floating on ditches of slightly brackish water. La Conner, Skagit Couxity;

Whidbey
Syll.

Island. (Gardner).

Var. badia Tilden. American Algae. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.

Cent.

II.

no. 188. 1896.

De

Toni.

Plant mass forming a thin scum on rocks, afterwards breaking loose and floating on surface of water, brownish; trichomes 9.5 mic. in diameter; cells 5-9.5 mic. in length; cell contents drab or light brown.

Myxophyceae
Minnesota. man).
132.

67

On

rocks.

Grand Marais, Lake Superior. July

1896.

(Elft-

Oscillatoria curviceps Agardh. Syst. Alg. 68. 1824. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 233. pi. 6. f. 14. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.

Essai class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-77. (O. Dame and Collins. Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. (O. froelichii viridis). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 189. 1896. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Neb. 5: 13. 1901.

Maze and Schranun.

subsalsa dulcis).

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig.
7.

27. no.

1305. 1906.

Plate IV.

Plant mass light or dark blue-green; trichomes 10-17 mic. in diameter, elongate, straight below, above curved or twisted into a loose spiral, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not or scarcely tapering, not capitate; cells 2-5 mic. in length; outer wall of apical cell convex, sometimes slightly thickened; transverse walls sometimes marked by two rows of granules; cell contents uniformly granular or showing larger granules.

United States. (Wolle, Farlow). Massachusetts. Medford claypits. Nebraska. On moist soil, greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Colorado. On surface of slow-flowing water in swamp. Five miles southeast of Fort Collins. July 1896. (Cowen). California. Outlet of Lake Temescal, Oakland. July 1905. (Gardner^i. West Indies. (Crouan).
(Collins).
133.

Oscillatoria
15.
f.

major Vaucher.
1803.

Hist.

Conferves d'eau douce.

5:

192.

pi.

3.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

II.

157.

1907.

W'oUe. Fresh Water Algae.

Bull.

Torn

Bot.

Club. 6:

138.

1877.

WoUe

and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New West. The Freshwater Algae of Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889.
Maine. Journ. of Bot. 29: 356. 1891.
Plant mass membranaceous, mucous, blue-green, lead-colored or dark
steel-blue; trichomes 18-23 mic. in diameter, straight, often arranged longi-

tudinally in narrow bundles; apex of trichome somewhat tapering, obtusely rounded, usually straight; cells 4.5-6 mic. in length; transverse walls

granulated on both sides.

waters.
134.

New Jersey. In sluggish and stagnant Maine. Scarbro'. (Aubert). Pennsylvania. Borders of ponds and pools. (Wolle). (Wolle).
Oscillatoria ornata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. i: 30.
pi. 42.
f.

9.

1845-1849.
Syll.

Gomont. Monogr,

Oscill.

234.

pi.

6.

f.

15.

1893.

De

Toni.

Algar. s: 158. 1907.

Plate IV.
fig. 8.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 9-11 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints, here and there interrupted by inflated and refringent cells, straight below, above twisted into a loose spiral, slightly and gradually tapering; apex of trichome not capitate, obtuse; apical cell convex above; calyptra none; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently
granulated.

68
Massachusetts. (Collins).
13s.

Minnesota Algae

Oscillatoria anguina

Bory.
Oscill.

Diet,
234.
pi.

class,
6.
f.

d'hist.
16.

nat.

12:

467.

1827.

Gomont. Monogr.
Algar. S:
IS9-

1893.

De

Toni. Syll.

I907-

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 74. 1894; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. l: 235. 1895. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1052. 1903.

Plate IV.

fig. 9.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, frequently interrupted by inflated and refringent cells, straight below, above terebriform, gradually tapering; apex of trichome capitate, obtuse; outer wall of apical cell slightly thickened; cells 1.5-2.5 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated.

Minnesota. On moist earth. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul, August in stream formed by springs. Second Creek, Lake City, Wabasha California. Floating among Char a County. September 1894. (Tilden). in a small stream. Near Richmond, Contra Costa County. November 1902. (Gardner). West Indies. In still water. Roaring River, near St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey).
1894;
136.

Oscillatoria

bonnemaisonii
no. 537.
1858.

France.
17, 18.

II.

Crouan in Desmazieres. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.

PI.

Crypt.
6.
f.

235. pi.

1893.

De

WoUe. Fresh Water

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 159. 1907. Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:

138.

1877;

West, W. Jun. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 316. pi. 207. f. 16, 17. 1887. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. 1899. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot.
i:

183.

1903.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln.
i.

Bot. Jahrb.

34: 618. 1905.

Tilden.

American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

Plate IV.
fig. 10.

no. 647. 1909.

Trichomes 18-36 mic.

elongate, flexible,

in

diameter, forming loose and regular spirals,

at joints;

somewhat constricted

apex of trichome neither

tapering nor capitate; apical cell with convex outer wall, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 3-6 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents finely granular, uniformly strewn with larger granules.

Pennsylvania. Wet soil, recently inundated. In salt marshes. Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

(Wolle).

Washington.

West

Indies. In plankton.

Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan. 1896-97. (Murray and Blackman). (Schauinsland). Mixed with other algae, floating in lagoon on beach.

Seaconnot, near Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

137.

Oscillatoria

miniata
508.

Hauck.
1885.

Die

Meeresalgen

Deutschlands
236.

und

Oesterreichs.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 160. 1907.

Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ.

Myxophyceae
of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

69
West. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton.
pi.

Journ. of Bot. 37: 337.

400

a.

1899.

Plant mass dull red; trichomes 16-24 mic in diameter, strai|;ht, con(?), apex of trichome briefly tapering, obtuse, capitate; apical cell showing a slightly convex calyptra; cells 7-1 1 mic. in length; cell contents homogeneous or slightly granular, pale or dark red.
stricted at joints

West
man.)
138.

Indies.

(Maze and Schramm). In plankton. (Murray and Black-

Oscillatoria margaritifera Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

i: 31. pi. 43. f. 10. 1845.

Gomont. Monogr.
Algar.
5:

Oscill.

236.

pi.

6.

f.

19.

1893.1

De

Toni. Syll

161.

1907.

Mvurray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900.

Plate IV.

fig.

II.

Plant mass black;

trichomes

17-29

mic.
for

in

diameter,

straight,

con-

stricted at joints, curved gradually

and

some

distance from, the end;

apex of trichome slightly tapering, obtuse; apical cell capitate; calyptra slightly convex; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; transverse walls lined with
granules; cell contents olive green.

Massachusetts. Northern part of Guadeloupe. (Maze).

139.

state.

(Collins).

West

Indies.

Oscillatoria

nigro-viridis
no. 375.
f.

Thwaites
251. A.

in

Harvey.
5:

Phyc.
161. 1907.

Brit.

Syn.

XXXIX.
237. pi.
6.

pi.

1846-1851.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill.

20. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

lybea).

c h a1 i m o s a New West. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Plants. V. 37: 337- 1899. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of NorthBor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1056. 1903. western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 183. 1903.

Farlow. Marine Algae of

England.

33. 1881. (O.

Plate IV.

fig.

12.

Plant mass very dark olive green; trichomes 7-11 mic. in diameter, moderately long, somewhat straight, fragile, constricted at joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of trichome tapering, obtuse; apical cell somewhat capitate, with convex and slightly thickened
outer wall; cells 3-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell contents pale green or olive.

Maine. Forming a slimy layv on

piles.

Eastport. (Farlow).

Forming

a black, very thin film on muddy beams under old tide mill. Harpswell. Massachusetts. Northern part of state. (Collins). July 1902. (Collins). Washington. In salt marshes. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Seattle. (Foster).

West

Indies. In plankton.

(Murray and Blackman).

70
140.

Minnesota Algae

Oscillatoria capitata

Plankton. Journ. of Bet. Algar. s: 162. 1907.

W. West Jun. n: 337.

Plate IV.
fig.

Some
pi.

Oscillarioideae
a.

400

1899.

De

from the Toni. Syll.

13-15-

diameter, free or forming a delicate fragile mass, at times spirally coiled and twisted, or curved, or even nearly straight, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering; cells 4-8.5 mic. in length; apical cell 6.9-9.1 mic. in diameter, 6.7-8.1 mic.

Trichomes

9.6-11.9 mic. in

in length, at constriction 3.6-8 mic. in diameter; calyptra

more or

less concell

vex and closely appressed; transverse walls not granulated;

tents

con-

homogeneous or somewhat

granular.

West

Indies. Lat. 23" 44' N.; long. 45 30'

W. (Murray and Blackman).

of

Wille considers this

species

to

be a variety

Catagnymene
homo-

spiralis Lemmermann.
141.

Oscillatoria
pi. 6.

corallinae

Gomont.

Essai

Class.

Nostocacees

cystees. Morot. Journ. de Hot. 4: 356. 1890;

f.

Monogr.

Oscill. 238.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 162. 1907. New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. I. Rhodora. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 7: 172. 1905.
21. 1893.

De

Collins. Preliminary lists of

618.

1905.

Plate IV.

fig.

16.

on larger algae, 6-10 mic. in diameter, very long, flexuous, at times contorted, contracted at joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of trichome scarcely tapering; cells 2.7-4 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents granular; apical cell somewhat capitate, with
delicate coating

Trichomes gregarious, forming a

convex, slightly thickened outer wall.

Connecticut. On Gelidium. Woodmont; on Enteromorpha, below Yellow Mill Bridge, September. (Holden). West Indies. In a pellicle on coral rock. Port Antonio. March 1893. (Humphrey). Among other algae, near Kingston, Duerden. (Collins). Hawaii. Washings from marine algae. Laysan Island. (Schauinsland).
142.

Oscillatoria nigra Vaucher.

3.

pi.

IS.

f.

4.

1803.

De

Hist. Conferves d'eau douce. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 164. 1907.

192.

no.

Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. BenRhode Island. 115. 1888. West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. 27: 207. 1889. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 217. 1891. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908. Plant mass more or less compact, somewhat membranaceous, usually floating, lead-colored or dark olive green, glistening; trichomes 8.5 mic. in diameter, straight or slightly flexuous; apex of trichome tapering, obtusely rounded; apical cell usually straight, somewhat beak-like, bearded,
Collins. net. Plants of


rarely slightly curved; cells equal in length to the diameter, after division shorter; transverse walls very distinctly granulated; cell contents finely granular, pale olive,

Massachusetts. Newton. (Bennett). New Jersey. Frequent in wet places. (Wolle). Iowa. Usually floating free in stagnant water. Iowa City. (Hobby). Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan). California. On moist cliffs above high tide. Common. (Anderson).

United States. (Bailey).

Maine. (West).

(Farlow). Maiden. (Collins).

Rhode

Island.

Common.

143.

Oscillatoria tenuis Agardh. Algarum. Decades. 2: 25. 1813.

Gomont.
5:

Monogr.
166.

Oscill.

240.

pi.

7.

f.

23.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.

Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-77. Rabenhorst. Algen Europa's. no. 2536. 1878. (O. cortiana). Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White 17: 8. 1880. Mountains. Appalachia. 3. 236. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Col313. pi. 206. f. 14. 1887. lins. Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. (O. viridis). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Rosenvinge. Les Algues Marines du Greenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 75. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 21. pi. i. f. 16. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 102. 1895. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. II. no. 190. 1896. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations Rosenof the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. vinge. Deuxieme Memoire sur les Algues Marines du Greenland. Medd. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae colom Greenland. 20: 121. 1898. lected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bet. Studies. 2: 29. 1898. Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 15: 101. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants, pi. 9. f. 20. 1898. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 393. 1903. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 183. 1903. II. Rhodora. 7: Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Borgesen and Jonsson. The distribution of the Marine Algae 236. 1905. of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of Brown. Algal periodicity in certhe Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.

Butain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35= 242, 247- 1908. chanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.
Plate IV.
fig.

17, 18.

tiant mass thin, bright, rarely dull blue-green; trichomes 4-10 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, usually slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight or curved, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell convex, showing a slightly thickened outer wall; cells 2.6-S mic. in length;

Minnesota Algae
72
conwith two rows of granules; cell transverse walls usually furnished tents pale blue-green.

Greenland. 82 27' lat. N. (Dickie). Arctic Regions. Fresh water. part^ Western (Rosenvinge). 61 N. lat. Western part, south of ^^"^fl^"" (FarNew Hampshire. On mosses. Mill Brook Shelburne. and Jonsson). rocks On Readmg. and Maiden (Farlow). Massachusetts. Newton. low) Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). and trunks of trees. (Collins). Connecti(Wolle). (Collms). frequent. New Jersey. In stagnant waters; in pool below Factory Pond; floating 1890; October Brook. cut Bruce's Pequonnock River. Housatonic River, on wall of quartz mill; Fresh Pond; pool. Ithaca flats. April 189S. deep York. In New (Holden). Bridgeport. Pennsylvania. Dripping, mossy rocks, pools, margins of (Atkinson). Ohio. In plankton. swimming; in hot water. (Wolle). free pools or species of different "Thfee Indiana. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Oscillatoria appeared in considerable abundance in the ponds and

tenuis, O. streams under observation. These were Oscillatoria limosa and O. p r i n c e p s. Some other species were noticed but they abundant form did not persist any length of time. O. t e n u i s was the most both in quantity and distribution. It was abundant in stream no. i. (Jordan Branch), especially in the lower part, and in the smaller of the waterworks ponds during the greater part of the year. In stream no. i it grew on the stones in the bottom, forming a tolerably dense stratum. A similar
stratum formed on the rocks at the outlet of pond no. 4 (Monon Pond) v/henever sufficient water flowed over the spillway to keep them wet. Around the edge of the smaller of the water-works ponds there was usually a stratum covering the bottom in the shallow water. Whenever sufficient oxygen collected in the meshes of a mass it was loosened and floated on Minnesota. Lining sides of tanks in Zoological the surface." Brown. Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1894. (Tilden). In arm of Mississippi River (old channel). St. Paul Park. October Nebraska. Rocks, pools, margins of ponds, or floating 1897. (Freeman). Wyoming. In small free; common throughout the state. (Saunders). mountain spring in a bog, together with moss and water cress. Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June Washington. Floating in slightly brackish water in a T896. (Tilden). ditch. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner). "Agrees well with O. tenuis, West Indies. Guadeexcept that it is hardly at all torulose." Setchell. loupe. (Maze and Schramm). Bath. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

Var. natans (Kuetzing) Gomont.

Geol. Surv. N.
gae. Cent.
I.

1.

c.

241.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

168.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Catalogue

J. 2:

of Plants found in

New

Jersey.

during 1894.
cf

American Alno. 76. 1894; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota Minn. Bot. Studies, i 235. 1895. Snow. The Plankton Algae
609. 1889.

(O.

natans

Kg.).

Tilden.

Lake

Erie. U. S.

Fish

Comm.

Bull, for 1902. 22: 393. 1903.

Collins.

Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1207. 1905; Fasc,

Myxophyceae

73

Connecticut. Bruce's Brook, Bridgeport. October, December. (Holden)Jersey. Fresh water ponds, frequent. (Wolle). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Wisconsin. Floating in tanks. Trout mere. Osceola. October 1894. (Tilden). California. In a stream at the

New

outlet of

Lake Chabot, San Leandro, Alameda County. May

(Kuetz.)

1903.
2:

(Gardner).
102.

Var. tergestina

Rabenhorst.
1893.

Fl.

Eur.

Algar.
5:

1865.

Gomont. Monogr.
and

Oscill. 241.

De
14.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1900.

168.

1907.

Tilden. American Algae.

Cent.

IV. no. 400.

Collins,

Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease.

no. 651. 1900.

Tilden.

Holden American

Algae. Cent. VI. no. 593. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 183. 1903.

Trichomes 4-6 mic.

in diameter.

Rhode

Island.

warm water
Paul. 1898.

of escape

Forming small patches of a verdigris-green from a steam boiler. Berkeley. March 1894.

color

in

(Setchell

'Minnesota. In polyzoan colony. Mississippi River, St. (Freeman). In pool. Lincoln Park, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Washington. In pool of fresh or slightly brackish water. Whidbey Island; Seattle. (Gardner).
144.

and Osterhout).

Oscillatoria amphibia

Agardh. Aufzahling einiger

in

den ostreich-

ischen Landern gefundenen neuen Gattungen und Arten von Algen. Flora. 10: 632. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 241. pi. 7. f. 4, 5.
1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 169. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (O. tenerrima Kg.); Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 310. pi. 205. f. 3. 1887. Bessey. Miscellaneous additions to the Flora of the State, and new or

noteworthy species from various localities. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Rosenvinge. Les Algues Marines du Greenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert 19: 163. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of NeIsland, Maine. 248. 1894.
Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, pi. 2. f. 18. 1894. Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Rosenvinge. Deuxieme Memoire sur les Algues Marines du Greenland. Medd. om Greenland. 20. 121. 1898. Tilden. Observations on some West American

braska. 20.

Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz.

Setchell.

25: 102.

pi. 9.

f.

21. 1898.

Collins, Collins.

Holden and
Preliminary

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease.

15.

no.

705.

1900.

England Plants, V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the reported Flora of the State. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. no. 594. 1902. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Borgesen and Jonsson. The Isaac Holden, II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the northernmost part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.
Lists of

New

74
Buchansui.
14. 1908.

Minnesota Algae
Notes

on the

Algae of Iowa.

Proc.

Iowa Acad.
i.

Sci.

14:

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

no. 646. 1909.

Plate IV.

fig.

19, 20.

Plant mass thin, of a beautiful blue-green color; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, straight or curved, fragile, not constricted at joints, curved gradually at the end; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund above; calyptra none; cells 4-8.5 mic. in length; transverse walls commonly marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale bluegreen.

Greenland. Western part at 60 N. lat. (Rosenvinge). Eastern and western parts. (Borgesen and Jonsson). United States. Coating wood subject to hot waste water from steam engines." Temperature about 110 Maine. In fresh water. (Holden). Massachusetts. On F. (WoUe). Connecticut. On muddy bottom of rocks and trunk of trees. (Collins). Bruce's Brook, Bridgeport. (Holden). Texas. 1902. (Fanning). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Minnesota. In pool. Oatka Beach, Minnesota Point, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Iowa. In stagnant water and on soil. Fayette. (Fink). Effluent of the filter beds of the college sewage disposal plant; on the soil in greenhouse, Ames; pond. South Dakota. Floating in large dark blueEagle Grove. (Buchanan). green masses on surface of water. Lake Hendricks. August 1898. (Allen Nebraska. In Salt Creek; in cultures. Lincoln. (Bessey). and Saunders). In ditches and ponds among other algae. (Saunders). Wyoming. Lining channel of spring. Above Beehive Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. 1897. (Weed). Washington. In mud at bottom of ponds. Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
145.

Oscillatoria subtilissima Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

27. pi. 38.

f.

7.

1845-49.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 171. 1907.

Algae of Lake Erie. U.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Snow. The Plankton S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, solitary or scattered, rarely associated in a yellowish-green mass, slender, straight or rolled in a circinate manner; cell walls inconspicuous; cell conents homogeneous, yellowishgreen.

Rhode
Lake
146.

Island.

Common.

(Bennett).

Ohio.

Plankton.

Put-in-Bay,

Erie.

(Snow).
9.

Oscillatoria geminata Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae.

1837.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 242. pi. 7.

f.

6.

1893.

De

Toni.

Syll.

Algar. 5: 172. 1907.

American Algae. Cent. II. no. 191. 1896; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 102. pi. 9. f. 22. 1898; American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 595. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Tilden.

Bot.

i:

183. 1903.

Plant mass

dull

yellowish-green;

trichomes 2.3-4

mic.

in

diameter,

^''

'
.

agile,

very

much

constricted

at

joints;

apex of trichome straight or curved, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells of unequal length, 2.3-16 mic. long; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated; protoplasm containing a few

large, refringent granules.

Minnesota. In arm of Mississippi River (old channel), St. Paul Park. October 1897. (Freeman). Montana. In hot water. Lo Lo Hot Springs, Lo Lo. September 1898. (Griffiths). Wyoming. Covering bottom of creek in swift current. Temperature 47.5 C. Near Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. July 1896. (Tilden). Washington. On mud by the roadside. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner).
147-

Oscillatoria
S96. 1902.

minnesotensis Tilden.

American Algae. Cent. VI.

21.

no.

Plate IV.

fig.

Plant mass thin, dark blue-green; trichomes 2-5 mic. in diameter, more or less curved, especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight or slightly bent, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid; cell contents

homogeneous.
Minnesota. On sides of stone quarry under dripping water. Near Campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, February 1902. (Lilley). The plant differs from O. g e m i n a t a in the length of the cells, in the absence of granules, and in its habitat. Like that species, also it resembles a Phormidium, but the trichomes when examined were oscillating rapidly thus showing conclusively that it was an Oscillatoria.
148.

Oscillatoria chlorina Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 185. 1853.

Oscill. 243. 1893.

Gomont. Monogr.
1907.
pi.
i.
f.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

172.

1872.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 18. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 311. pi. 206. f. 6. 1887.

i.

Collins.

Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Bessey, Poimd and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska, s: 13. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. 19. no. 901. 1902. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 183. 1903. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes, Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 97.
1908.

Plate IV.

fig.

22.

Plant mass very thin, cobwebby, yellowish green; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight or curved, not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3.7-8 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated; cell contents nearly homogeneous, orange or yellowish green.
in diameter, straight or curved, fragile,

Penn(Farlow). Nebraska. Near Philadelphia. (Wood). Washington. Growing on In culture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). decaying vegetation in a small pool, submerged about two feet. Whidbey
Greenland.
(Richter).

Massachusetts. Newton.

sylvania. In stagnant brick pond.

76
Island.

Minnesota Algae
June

Central America. Forming a dirty green, somewhat 1901. looking much like a fresh-water sponge. Lake Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. 1905-1906. (Meek).
firm mass,
149.

Oscillatoria angustissima

W. and G. S. West. Welwitsch's African Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 300. 1897. Da Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 171. 1907.

West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42:293. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14.

1904. 1908.

Plant mass expanded, blue-green; trichomes .6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, flexible, elongate, entangled; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; cells .9-1.2 mic. long; transverse walls not distinct; cell contents homogeneous, light blue-green.

Bay
150.

Iowa. In pond with other algae. Ontario. (Buchanan). Estate, Barbados. (Howard).
Oscillatoria splendida Greville. Flora Edinensis. 305.

West

Indies.

1824.

Gomont.

Monogr.
173. 1907.

Oscill. 244. pi.

7.

f.

7,

8.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (O. a Kg.) Fresh Water Algae. III. 1. c. 6: 183. 1877; (O. 1 e p t og r a c 11 i Fresh- Water Algae. U. S. 311. pi. 206. f. 7. 1887. t r i c h i a Kg.) Bennett. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. BritPlants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. ton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 20. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setcbell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 305. 1897. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 184. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1161. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rho1904.
i

dora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate IV.

fig.

23-25.

Trichomes
straight or

2-3 mic. in diameter, scattered or collected in a thin mass,

flexuous, elongate, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, flexuous, capitate; apical cell inflated above; calyptra none; cells 3-9 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by a few

somewhat

protoplasmic granules;

cell

contents homogeneous, blue-green.

Connecticut.

Rhode

Island. Providence. (Bennett).

On submerged

leaves in quiet water. September 1895; in a still pool with decaying vegetable matter, bed of Pequonnock River, August, September, November. (Holden).

New
ders).

Jersey.

(Wolle).

small freshwater ponds; in ditches of brackish water. On basin of artesian well (salt). Lincoln. (SaunWashington. On mud in fresh water pools. Seattle. (Gardner).

On

Nebraska.

California. In a small stream near Berkeley.

Hawaii.

On

sides of

September 1901. (Gardner). wet rocks. Laupahoehoe, Island of Hawaii. July 1900.

(Tilden).

Var. uncinata Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i 184, pi. 19. f. 22-24. 1903. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 175.
:

1907.

Myxophyceae
Trichomes flexuous, coiled; apical cell very long, hooked. Washington. On damp mud at the bottom of a pool nearly dried

j-j

up.

Oak Harbor, Whidbey

151.

Island. (Gardner).
Oscill. 245. pi. 7.
f.

Oscillatoria
9.

amoena (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 175. 1907.

1893.

De

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Ex-

pedition. Proc.

Wash. Acad.

Sci. 3: 397. 1901.

Plate IV.

fig. 26.

Trichomes

2.5-5 niic. in diameter, scattered or

straight, flexible, slightly constricted at the joints;

forming a mass, elongate, apex of trichome grad-

hooked or undulate; apical cell furnished with a depressed conical calyptra; cells 2.5-4.2 mic. long (apical cell longer); transverse walls marked by two finely granulated lines; cell contents dull blueually tapering, capitate,

green.

Alaska. Forming a

soft,

felt-like,

dark bluish green mass, 3-10

mm.

bottom of the outlet of a hot spring. The water in the outlet where the plant was abundant ranged from 80 F., some distance from the spring, to 120 F., near the spring. Near Sitka. Massachusetts. On rocks and trunks of trees. (Collins). (Saunders).
thick, of indefinite extent, lining the
152.

Oscillatoria subuliformis Kuetzing. Diag.

Oster-progress. 7. Toni. Syll. Algar.

1863.
5; 176.

und Bemerk. Algenspecies. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 246. 1893. De

1907.

Collins. Algae of Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33- 1881. Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent 4. 1888. WoUe and waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 90. 1889. Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248, 1894.

Plate IV.

fig.

27.

Plant mass dull green; trichomes 47-6.5 mic in diameter, much elongated, flexuous, undulating, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome tapering for some distance, especially flexuous; apical cell obtuse, not capicalyptra none; cells 4-7-6.5 mic. in length (apical cell up to 10 mic. long); cell contents finely granular, sometimes showing large refringent
tate;

granules.

Massachusetts. Salt Maine. On rocks near Seal Harbor. (Collins). marshes. Charles River, Cambridge. (Farlow). Mystic River marshes; on New Jersey. In brackish ditches and pools. Atlantic wharves. (Collins). City. (Morse, Martindale). Staten Island. (Pike).
153.

Oscillatoria salinarum Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1160. 1904. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 176. 1907.

78
Collins.

New

species, etc., issued in the

Phycotheca Boreali-Americana,
flexuous,

Rhodora.

8: 105. 1906.

Trichomes 4 mic.
in a regular circle,

in

diameter,

somewhat

sometimes coiled

very much constricted at joints; apex of trichome tapering, slightly curved, obtuse; calyptra none; cells nearly or quite as long as broad.

West

Indies. Ditches of salt works. Salinas Bay, near Guanica, Porto

Rico. June 1903.

154.

(Howe).

Oscillatoria laetevirens Crouan. Liste des Algues marine decouvertes

dans
1907.

le Finistere, etc. Bull.

Monogr.

Oscill. 246. pi.

7. f.

Soc. Bot. France. 7: 371. i860. Gomont. 11. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 177.

New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. igoi; American Algae. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Cent. V. no. 496. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern Fasc. 22. no. 1054. 1903. West. West Indian FreshAinerica. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 184. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Lemmermann. Algenfl. the late Isaac Holden. I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of

Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 190S.

Plate IV.
fig. 28.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, bright blue-green; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, undulating and hooked, rarely straight; apical cell more or less obtuse or somewhat pointed, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated or cell contents uniformly granular, yellowish green.

Maine.
lins).

On woodwork
Island.

under old tide

mill.

Harpswell. July 1903. (Col-

Rhode

(Collins).

Connecticut.

Forming

a film on

old

grassy bottom, brackish marsh pool. Cook's Point. June. (Holden). Washington. In salt marsh. Head of Penn's Cove, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. On roots of mangroves in brackish swamp. Near Bridgetown; Hawaii. Forming a delicate, Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados. (Howard). bright blue-green stratum covering bottom of tide pool in rocks into which water splashes at high tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden). Washings from marine algae. (Schauinsland).
155.

Oscillatoria acuminata

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 247. pi.

7. f.

12. 1893.

De
Collins,

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 177. 1907.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig.

27. no.

1303. 1906.

Plate IV.

29.

Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, sometimes slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, very sharply pointed, hooked or twisted, not capitate; apical cell mucronate; calyptra none; cells 5.5-8 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated or entire cell

contents

filled

with granules.

Myxophyceae
California. Floating in

79

warm

salt

water from a power house. Oakland.

October
156.

1905,

June

1906. (Gardner).

Oscillatoria animalis Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc.

Gomont. Monogr.
1907.

Oscill. 247.

1893.

De

Flora. 10: 632. 1827. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 178.

Maze and Schramm.

(O.
t

e r

ma

1 i

Essai Class. Algues Crouan).

Plate IV.
fig. 30.

Guadeloupe. 16.

1870-1877.

Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, sharply pointed, hooked or twisted, not capitate; apical cell mucronate; calyptra none; cells 1.6-5 mic. in length; transverse walls here and there granulated; protoplasmic contents finely granular.

North America, Schramm).

157.

(Farlow).

West

Indies.

Guadeloupe.

(Maze and

Hassall. British Freshwater Algae. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 179. 1907. WoUe. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 311. pi. 206. f. 10. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State, and new or noteworthy species from various localities. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of
254. pi. 72.
f.

Oscillatoria violacea (Wallroth)

10.

184s.

De

Nebraska.

21. 1894.

Plate IV.

fig. 31-

Plant mass membranaceous, dull green or lead-colored; trichomes 4-4.S mic. in diameter, straight, narrow, tangled; apical cell drawn out to a thin point; cells shorter than the diameter of trichome; transverse walls granulated; cell contents finely granular, violet or sky-blue in color.

Rhode

Island.

Common.

greenhouses. (Wolle). (Bessey, Saunders).

158.

Pennsylvania. Most frequent in (Bennett). Nebraska. In greenhouse at University. Lincoln.

Oscillatoria brevis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 186. 1843.

Oscill. 249. pi. 7.
f.

Gomont. Monogr.

14, IS- 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 180. 1907.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877; FreshWolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. "jy. 1894; List of Fresh609. 1889. Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: Collins, Holden 23s. 189s; American Algae. Century VI. no. 597. 1902. West. West Indian and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1158. 1904. Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. (Also O. subb'revis
II. Bull.
f.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

Water Algae. U.

S. 312. pi. 207.

8.

1887.

Schmidle?).
Plate IV.
fig. 32.

Plant mass olive green; trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, scattered or in masses, especially straight, fragile, not constricted at joints; here and

8o

Minnesota Algae

there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apex of trichoma somewhat pointed, briefly tapering, hooked or twisted, not capitate; calyptra none;
cells 1.5-2.8 mic. in

diameter; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents

finely granular.

York. Forming an extended stratum on a shaded deposit of mud an inundation. Buffalo. (Wolle). New Jersey. Fresh water, in Minnesota. Growing on clods of damp earth marshes, frequent. (Wolle). in greenhouse. St. Paul. November 1894; in pool coating bottom, submerged leaves and sticks, Lincoln Park, Duluth. (Tilden). California. Pool by roadside. North Berkeley. February 1903. (Gardner). West Indies. (Kunze). Near Bridgetown; Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).
after

New

Var. neapolitana (Kuetz.) Gomont.

Collins,

1.

c.

249.

De

Ton:.

1.

c.

181.

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1304. 1906. Trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome hooked or twisted.
California. In pool in salt marsh. Oakland, July 1905. (Gardner).
159.

Oscillatoria cruenta
1865.

De

Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 100. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 182. 1907.

Clark.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 312. pi. 206. f. s; pi. 207. f. 1-3. 1887. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guate-

mala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908.

Plant mass mucous, dark purple; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apical curved; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell contents pale brown or blue-green.
cell obtuse, straight, rarely slightly

large submerged hyaline or greenish or masses of irregular form, averaging about the size of a man's head. In mountain spring at about 1500 feet elevation. (Wolle). Central America. Abundant, forming a flat, gelatinous, striated stratum, brownish in color, about 4 mm. thick, obtained from the surface between pools of hot water. Laguna. January 1906. (Meek).
purplish, firm gelatinous
160.

Pennsylvania. Imbedded in

Oscillatoria

formosa Bory. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.

Diet.
250.

Class.
1893.

d'Hist.

De

Nat. 12: 474. 1827. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 182.

1870-1877. (O.
1896.

1907.

Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. thermalis). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 192.
lins,

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 710. 1900. Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
Surv. Nebraska. 5:
13.

ColBessey,

State. Bot.

1901.

Collins.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.

Am.

Acad. Arts
1902.
1503.

Sci. 37:

239. 1901.

Islands. Postelsia:
Collins,

The

Tilden. Algae collecting in the Hawaiian Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 166.
Setchell. Phyc.

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

22.

Collins. Phycological

Notes

of the late Isaac Holden.

no. 1053.

I.

Rhodora.

7: 172. 1905.

Plate IV.

fig. 33.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, straight, elongate, flexuous, usually slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome somewhat obtuse and briefly tapering or rotund, hooked, not capitate; calyp-

Myxophyceae
tra none; cells 2.5-5
cell

8l

mic long; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated; contents bright blue-green.

Canada. In tufts floating in water or on muddy bottom; in great abundance in the impure water just below mouth of city sewer. Kettle Creek, St.

Thomas,

Ontario. November 1896. (Lees). Connecticut. Floating in stagnant marsh pool near "Fresh Pond" (brackish). Stratford. May 1900. (Holden). Minnesota. University plant house, Minneapolis. January Nebraska. In culture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). 1897. (Tilden). California. Mountain lake, San Francisco. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze and Schramm). In still water. Roaring River, near St. Ann's Bay. March 1893; Castleton. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. On sides of cliff at falls. Waialuka River, Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
161.

Oscillatoria numidica

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 251.

1893.

De

Toni.

Syll. Algar. 5: 183. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 78. 1894; List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895; American Algae: Cent. VI. no. 598. 1902.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 2.5-4 "^ic. in diameter, straight, gradually tapering for some distance from the apex; apex of trichome curved or undulating; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 2-8 mic. long; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents uniformly granular; pale blue-green.
fragile, constricted at joints,

Minnesota. In tanks clinging to water plants. Greenhouse. Minneapolis. 1894. (Tilden). On floating leaves and grasses in pool in stone quarry. Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hone).

November

162.

Oscillatoria cortiana

Meneghini.
Oscill. 251.

Conspectus Algol, eugan.

1893.

8.

1837.
183.

Gomont. Monogr.
1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

WoUe. Fresh Water Algae. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 313. pi.

III.

Bull. Torr.
f.

Bot.

Club. 6:

183.

1877;

206.

15.

1887.

Plate IV.

fig. 34-

Plant mass dull or dark blue-green; trichomes 5.5-8 mic. in diameter,

especially straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the joints, gradually ta^ pering for some distance from the apex, curved or undulating at the ex-

tremity; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 5-4-8.2 mic. in length (apical cell up to 14 mic. long); transverse walls not granulated; cell contents showing scattered protoplasmic granules, blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Floating on hot waste water Bethlehem. (Wolle.)

163.

at a large

steam

mill.

Near

Oscillatoria okeni Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. 10: 633. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 252. pi. 7. f. 18. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:

185. 1907.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae

of

Northwestern America. Univ.

Calif.

Pub. Bot. i: 184. 1903.

82
Plate IV,
fig. 35-

Minnesota Algae

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 5.5-9 mic. in diameter, straight

(in dried material fragile), evidently constricted at joints, gradually taper-

ing for some distance from apex; apex of trichome undulating, hooked or curved at extremity; apical cell obtuse or somewhat pointed, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 2.7-4.5 i^ic. in length; apical cell somewhat quadrate or up to 8 mic. in length; cell contents finely granular.

Washington.
Coupeville,
164.

In pond
Island.

of

Whidbey

brackish (Gardner).

water.

Monroe's

Landing,

near

Oscillatoria chalybea Mertens in Jiirgens. Algae aquat.

4.

Decas

13.

no.

1822.

Gomont. Monogr.
1907.

Oscill. 252. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Tilden.

5: 185.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

S.

314. pi. 206.

f.

17-21. 1887.

A new Oscillatoria from California. Bull. Setchell. (O. trapezoidea Tilden).

Bessey, Pound Erythea. 4: 69. 1896. Snow. The Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 21. no. looi. 1903. (O. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac chalybea genuina).

Torr. Bot. Club. 23: 58. i8g6. Oscillatoria trapezoidea Tilden. and Clements. Additions to the

Holden.

I.

Rhodora.

7: 172. 1905.

Plate IV.

fig. 36.

mass dark green; trichomes 8-13 mic. in diameter, fragile, sometimes twisted in loose spirals, slightly constricted at joints, gradually tapering for a long distance from the apex; apex hooked or
Plant
straight, or

curved; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 3.6-8 mic. long; transverse walls not at all or scarcely granulated; cell contents finely granular with scattered large refringent granules, dark blue-green. Connecticut. Outlet of North America. (Pike, Martindale, Farlow). Fresh Pond; on woodwork, rocks and Eflteromorpha, below Yellow Florida. On wet ground, Mill Bridge. May, June, November. (Holden). Nebraska. Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). (Wolle). California. Bottom of pond. PasaIn stagnant water. Waverly. (Bessey).
dena. October^ 1895. (McClatchie).

Lake

(Jhabot,

San Leandro. June

1902.

(Osterhout and Gardner).

165.

Oscillatoria subsalsa Agardh. Syst. Algar. 66.

1824.

De

Toni.

Syll.

Algar. 187. 1907.

Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 323. 1883.

Plant mass dark blue-green, mucous, radiating; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, straight, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome equal or slightly tapering, obtuse, straight or curved; cells 4-5 mic. in length; cell contents granular, pale blue-green.

Greenland. "According to a label it grows 'in fossis submarinis.' Baffin Bay: Tessarmiut on the west coast of Greenland according to specimens Kjellman. in the herbarium of the Copenhagen Museum."

83
Oscillatoria percursa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 189. 1843. Algar. s: 187. 1907.

i66.

De

Toni. Syll.

Mackenzie. preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. Plant mass thin, green; trichomas i5-S-i8.S mic. in diameter, sometimes solitary, straight; apex of trichome usually curved, somewhat tapering, obtuse-truncate; cells 4-6 mic. in length; dissepiments evidently granulated; cell contents very finely granular, pale blue-green.

Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie).

167.

Oscillatoria boryana

Bory. Diet.

Class.

d'Hist.

Gomont. Monogr.
1907.

Oscill. 254. 1893.

De

Nat. 12: 465. 1827. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 188.

Tilden. Notes on a collection of Algae from

Guatemala. Proc. Biol.

Soc.

Wash.

21: 153. 1908.

Plate IV.

fig. 37, 38.

Plant mass dark lead-colored; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, forming a lax and regular spiral through their entire length, or straight and hooked at the apex, flexuous, constricted at joints; apex of trichome more or less pointed, not capitate; apical cell rotund or acute conical; calyptra none; cells 4-6 mic. in length; transverse walls here and there finely granulated;
cell

contents showing a few protoplasmic granules.

Central America. Forming a dark velvety mass in a small stream of warm water a little distance from a hot spring on bank of river. Altitude .3,950 feet. Rio Michatoya, near Lake Amatitlan. January 1906. (Kellerman).
168.

Oscillatoria terebriformis Agardh.

1827.
Syll.

Aufzahlung,
234.
pi.
7.
f.

etc.

Flora.
1893.

10:

634.

Gomont. Monogr.
Algar. 5: 189. 1907.

Oscill.

24.

De

Toni.

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells,

Stony Brook

and Beaver Brook Reservations

Massachusetts.
127.

of

the

Metropolitan Park Commission,

1896.

Plate IV.

fig. 39-

Plant mass dark lead-colored; trichomes 4-6.S mic. in diameter, flexuous, straight below, loosely spiralled and terebriform above, not constricted at joints;

cal cell

apex of trichome slightly tapering, rarely hooked; apirotund or truncate; calyptra none; cells 2.5-6 mic. in length; trans-

verse walls usually granulated. Massachusetts. On rocks and trunks of trees. (Collins).
169.

Oscillatoria subtprulosa (Brebisson)

England.
of Canada, vvith

33.

1*881.

De

Farlow. Marine Algae of Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 191. 1907.

New

Hay and Mackay.

Notes. Trans. Roy. Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888.

List of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces Collins. Soc. Canada. 5: 1887.

Trichomes 3-4 mic.

nearly quadrate.

in

diameter,

slightly constricted

at

joints;

cells

84

Minnesota Algae

Scotia.

Canada. On floating balls of Polysiphonia. Pictou Harbor, Nova (Mackay). Maine. Forming slimy patches on wharves. Eastport. (Farlow). Massachusetts. Wood's Holl. (Farlow).

Genus TRICHODESMIUM Ehrenberg. Ann. Physik. u. Chemie. i8: 506. 1830.

Plants forming scale-like, disconnected, free-floating colonies quickly mucous; trichomes cylindrical, without sheaths; apex of
cell

dissolving into

trichome straight, tapering, slightly capitate; apical furnished with a convex calyptra.
gions.
I

truncate-conical,

Floating in great abundance in the ocean, especially in equatorial re-

Trichomes

straight.

T. erythraeum
spirally twisted.

II
1

Trichomes flexuous or

Colonies up to 6 mm. in length; trichomes 7-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, those in center of colony having the form of twisted ropes, free at the ends T. thiebautii Colonies spirally twisted, light yellow; trichomes 16-25 niic. in diameter, twisted together into cords. T. contortum

170.

Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg.

Poggendorf. Ann. Physik.
Oscill. 216. pi.
5.
f.

blutartige Erscheinungen in Aegyptien, Arabien

u.

Chem.

18:

Neue Beobachtungen uber und Siberien. In 506. 1830. Gomont. Monogr.

coloration des eaux de la
f.

27-30. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 202. 1907.

la
10.

Montagne. Memoire sur le phenomene de Mer Rouge. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 360. pi.
Plate IV.
fig. 40.

d. 1844.

(T.

hindsii).

Colonies very short, scarcely i in length, purplish red (when dried grayish green or dark brown); trichomes 7-1 1, rarely up to 21 mic. in diameter, straight, parallel, constricted at joints, the more slender ones with apices gradually tapering, the larger ones with apices very briefly tapering; cells 5.4-11 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.
of ocean. The odor was pronounced 14 lat. N. April 1837. (Hinds).

mm

Central America. In dense masses of a beautiful red color, on surface and very disagreeable. San Salvador.

It is interesting to note that it is the presence of this alga which has caused the Red Sea to be so named.
171.

Trichodesmium
cystees.
pi. 6.
f.

thiebautii Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homoMorot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 356. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 217.

2-4. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 203.

1907.

West
37: 337.
618. 1905.

Jun.,

1899.

W. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34:
Plate IV.
fig. 41, 42.

Colonies up to 6

mm.

in length (in dried material

dark green); trich-

Myxophyceae
omes

85

7-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, those in center of colony having the form of twisted ropes, free at the ends; apex of trichoma briefly tapering or sometimes inflated; cells 8-26 mic. in length, rarely

somewhat quadrate; transverse walls

ly granular.

often granulated; cell contents coarse-

man.

Indies. Guadeloupe. (Thiebaut). In plankton. (Murray and BlackHawaii. In plankton between the islands of Hawaii and Laysan. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).
172.

West

Trichodesmium contortum Wille

Lief. 2. Abt. 20.
18.
f.

Lemmermann.

in Brandt. Nordisches Plankton. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 204. 1907. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.
14.

De

Plate IV.

fig. 43.

Colonies spirally twisted, light yellow; trichomes 16-25 mic. in diametwisted together into cords; cells somewhat quadrate; cell contents uniformly granular.
ter,

1897.

Hawaii. In plankton between the Islands of Hawaii and Laysan. 1896(Schauinsland).

Genus

ARTHROSPIRA

Stizenberger. Hedwigia.

i: 32. 1852.

regular,

multicellular, cylindrical, without a sheath, forming a very or less loose spiral; apex of trichome sometimes tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none.

Trichomes

more

Trichomes

5-8 mic. in diameter, forming a loose spiral 9-1S mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 21-31 mic. A. jenneri
2.5-3 mic. in diameter, forming a rather loose spiral about 6 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 16-18 mic. A. gomontiana

II

Trichomes

173.

Arthrospira jenneri (Kuetzing) Stizenberger. Spirulina and Arthrospira. Hedwigia. i 32. 1852. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 267. pi. 7. f.
:

26. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 206. 1907.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U.

S. 323. pi.

210.

f.

2.

1887.

(Spirulina

jenneri

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Kuetz.) Tilden. List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Bot. Studies, i: 31. 1694. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nebraska. 23. pi. i. f. 7. 1894. Brown. Algal periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908.
Plate IV.
fig. 44-

Plant mass thin; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, often growing among other algae, fragile, forming a loose spiral 9-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering, nor capitate; cells quadrate or shorter than the diameter, 4-5 mic. long; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated; cell contents scarcely granular, dark bluegreen.


Rhode Island. Quidnessett. (Bennett). New York. In some abundance near Schenectady. (Holden). Pennsylvania. In stagnant water. (Wolle). Ohio. Sandusky Bay. (Riddle). Indiana. Edge of Monon Pond, Bloomington. (Brown). Minnesota. Home Brook, Gull Lake Biological Station, Cass County. July 1893. (Tilden); In lake two miles west of Inver Grove, St. Paul. April 1908. (Misz). Nebraska. Found occasionally in stagnant water about Lincoln. (Saunders).
174.

Arthrospira gomontiana Setchell. Notes on some Gyanophyceae 01 New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 430. 1895. De Toni. Syll.
Algar.
Collins,
5: 208. 1907.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.
late

Collins.

Phycological

Notes of the

Bor.-Am. Fasc. Isaac Holden.

5.

no.

ISS.

1896.
7:

II.

Rhodora.

235. 1905.

Plant mass floating, verdigris-green; trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter, regularly twisted into a rather loose spiral about 6 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 16-18 mic; apical cell not at all capitate;
transverse walls indistinct, with few granules; contents usually showing large vacuoles, light blue-green.
cells 4-5 mic. in length;
cell

Connecticut. Floating in verdigris-green patches, on the F"actory Pond, Bridgeport. July 1895. (Setchell and Holden).

pool below

Genus

SPIRULINA

Turpin.

Diet, d'hist. nat. de Levrault. 50: 309. 1827.

Trichomes
lar,

unicellular, cylindrical, without a sheath,

forming a regu-

more or less loose or contents homogeneous or

I
1

close spiral; apex of trichome not tapering; cell

slightly granular.

Turns of the spiral not close together. Trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, forming a more or less loose, somewhat irregular spiral 3,2-5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3-5 mic. S. meneghiniana

Trichomes
being

1.2-1.7 mic. in

lar spiral 2.5-4 ic.

2.7-5 mic.

in

diameter, forming a somewhat loose, regudiameter, the distance between the turns
S.

major

Trichomes
mic. in

forming an especially regular spiral 5 diameter, the distance between the turns being 5 mic.
2 mic. in diameter,
S. nordstedtii
.6-.9

Trichomes
mic.

mic. in diameter, forming an especially regular spiral 1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 1.2-2
S. subtilissima
.4

Trichomes

mic. in diameter, forming an especially regular spiral 1.4-1.6 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being i mic.
S.

tenerrima

Trichomes

mic. in diameter, forming a very loose spiral 1.5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3.2 mic.
.9

S. caldaria

Myxophyceae
II
1

87
spiral

Turns of the

dose together.
in

Trichomes

1.2-1.8 mic.

diameter, forming a dense regular spiral

3-4.5 mic. in diameter, the turns

being contiguous
S. versicolor

Trichomes

forming a somewhat irregular dense or rarely regular spiral 3-5 mic. in diameter, the turns being contiguous or nearly so S. subsalsa
1-2 mic. in diameter,

III

Trichomes forming slender, flat, continuous bands (when untwisted forming a complete ring), normally flattened and twisted, with
one to four or more turns.
S.

duplex

175.

Spirulina meneghiniana Zanardini. Notozie intorno alle Cellulari marine delle Lagune e de littorale di Venezia. Atti del I. R. Istituto veneto. 6: 80. 1847. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 270. pi. 7. f. 28. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 209. 1907.
Collins.

Notes on
43.

New

Club. 23.
Collins,

1896; Preliminary 'Lists of

Setchell. Phyc.

Algae. Rhodora. 2:

England Marine Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. New England Plants. V. Marine IV. Rhodora. 3: 289. 1901. 1900; Notes on Algae.

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig. 45.

18.

no. 852. 1901.

Plate IV.

Plant mass compact, blue-green; trichomes i. 2-1.8 mic. in diameter, flexuous, curved, twisted into a more or less loose, somewhat irregular spiral, 3.2-5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3-5 mic; cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts. In scattered filaments among other algae in a ditch of brackish water, salt marshes. Revere. August 1893; in considerable quantity in rock tide pools above high water mark, but reached by spray in stormy weather, on the Marblehead shore, near Clifton Station. July 1901. (Collins).

176.

Spirulina major Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 183. 1843. Gomont. Monogr.^ De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 210. 1907. Oscill. 271. pi. 7. f. 29. 1893.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 79. 1894. (S. subsalsa Oersted) List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895; American Algae. Cent. II. no. 193. 1896; Observations,
Collins, on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. 1898. Setchell. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 501. i8g8. Bessey, Pound and Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899. Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. NebrasCollins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. ka. 5: 14. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. no. 1 102. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 182. 1903. Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 15. 1908.

Plate IV.

fig. 46.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 1.2-1.7 mic. in diameter, usually scattered among other algae, more or less flexuous, twisted into a somewhat loose, regular spiral 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, the distance between the
turns being 2.7-S ic.

88

Minnesota Algae

Canada. Forming a very slippery but firm brownisli black stratum and among other algae. Warm sulphur spring, Banff, Alberta. June 1901. (Butler and Polley). Minnesota. Twin Lakes, Hennepin County. October 1894. (Tilden). Iowa. Slough. Ontario. (Buchanan). South Dakota. In artesian water. Iroquois. September 1897. (Saunders). Nebraska. In salt creek, Lincoln. (Bessey). Wyoming. On surface of slill pool into which overflow runs. Temperature 41 C. Mammoth Hot Springs. July 1896. (Tilden). Overflow of channel of geyser. Temperature 49-54-5 Spasmodic Geyser. Upper Geyser Basin. Yellowstone C. National Park. 1897. (Weed). Utah. Forming a whitish brittle scum in hot water. Bick's Hot Spring, Salt Lake -City, July 1897. (Tilden). Washington. In pools of slightly brackish water. Monroe's Landing, near Califortua. (Parish and McCoupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Clatchie). Hawaii. Mixed with other algae,' on sides of wet rocks. Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
also scattered

This species

is

quite

common

of Yellowstone Park.
V/T.

It is

in both the calcareous and silicious waters generally found with other algae.

Spirulina nordstedtii
Syll.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill.

272.

1893.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5: 212. 1907.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of

New

England

Plants.
,-

V.

Marine Algae.

Rhodora.

2: 43. 1900.

Plant mass olive green; trichomes 2 mic. in diameter, fragile, twisted

into an especially regular spiral S mic. in diameter, the distance the turns being s mic; cell contents pale blue-green.

between

Maine. (Collins).
178.

Spirulina subtilissima Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 183. 1843. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 272. pi. 7. f. 30. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 212.
1907.

Bessey,
Slate.

Pound and Clements. Additions

to the

Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 14. 1901. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1103. 1903.

Collins,

Reported Flora of the Holden and Setchell. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sand-

wich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905.

Plate IV.
fig. 47.

Plant mass mucous, dark green; trichomes

.6-.9

mic. in diameter, ag-

glutinated, flexuous, twisted into an especially regular spiral 1.5-2.5 mic. in

diameter, the distance between the turns being 1.2-2

mic;

cell

contents

very pale green or yellowish.

California. In outflow salt creek. Lincoln. (Bessey). sulphur spring. Mt. Diablo. Contra Costa County. July 1900. (OsterHawaii. Washings from marine algae. Laysan Island. 1896-1897. hout). (Schauinsland).

Nebraska. In
a

from

179.

Spirulina tenerrima Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 183. 1843. Gomont. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 213. 1907. Oscill. 272. 1893.

Monogr.

Trichomes mixed with other

ail

algae,' .4 mic.

in

diameter, twisted into

especially regular spiral 1.4-1.6 mic. in diameter, the distance betwe,en

1

the turns being

mic;

cell

contents very pale blue-green.

Myxophyceae
United States.
180.

89

On damp

earth.

(Farlow).

Spirulina caldaria

Tilden.

Observations on
25: 103. pi.
8.
f.

some West American

20. 1908.

Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz.

Algar. 5: 2i6. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll.

Plate IV.

fig. 48.

Plant mass widely expanded, dark blue-green; trichomes .9 mic. in diameter, short, somewhat straight and stiff, forming a very loose spiral
i.S

mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3.2 mic.

Canada. Forming a thick richly colored stratum on the surface of hot water very near the outlet of the springs. Natural Sulphur Springs. Banff.

August
181.

1897.

(Tilden).

Spirulina versicolor
1907.

Cohn in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 292. 1865. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 273. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 213.
Notes on

Collins.

New

Club. 23: 458. 1896; Preliminary Lists of Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900.

England Marine Algae. VII. Bull. Torr. Bot. New England Plants. V. Marine

Plant mass delicate, mucous, dark purple; trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, flexuous, twisted into a dense regular spiral 3-4.5 mic. in diameter,
the turns being close together;
cell

contents violet-purple.

other algae on a mooring buoy that had been hauled up on the beach. Cape Rosier. July 1896. (Collins).

Maine.

Among

gracilis and Spirulina versicolor "are, as far know, the only marine Nostochineaeofa red color found in America; and it is somewhat interesting that both should have been found at the same time and place. The object on which they grew gives somewhat unusual conditions for the growth of algae; practically uniform depth combined with considerable movement of the water. It would hardly be safe to draw the conclusion that these conditions tended to produce tht exceptional color, but it is of interest to note that the localities given by Gomont for both species are in the Mediterranean, Adriatic and Baltic, in Collins. all of which the tidal movement is quite small."
as
I

Lyngbya

182.

Spirulina subsalsa Oersted. Beretning om en Excursion alluvial Dannelse i Odensfjord. Nat. Tidskr. 17. pi. 7.

til
f.

Trindelen,
1842.

4.

Go-

mont. Monogr.
S: 214. 1907.

Oscill. 273. pi.

7.

f.

32. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Americae borealis exsiccatae. Fasc. Farlow. Marine Algae of I-IV. no. 478. 1877. (S. tenuissima Kg.) Kjellman. The Algae of the Arctic Sea. New England. 31. pi. 2. f. 4. 1881. WoUe. Fresh-water Algae. U. S. 323. pi. 210. f. 3. 1887. Collins. 324. 1883. Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of NanMartindale. Marine Algae of .the New Jersey coast and tucket. 4. 1888. Wolle adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 90. 1889. and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycoof Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894.


90
phyta. Flora of Nebraska. 23.
pi.
i.
f.

6.

1894.

R^

. a

Collins, Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIL 19: 163. 1894. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 252. 1897. Rosenvinge. Deuxieme Memoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd. om Groenland. 20: 121. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. l: 182. 1903. West. West Collins. PhycoIndian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 293. 1904. Borgelogical Notes of the late Isaac Holden. I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. sen and Jonsson. The distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the northernmost part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908.

Plate IV.

fig. 49.

Plant mass dark blue-green or greenish-yellow; trichomes often mixed with other algae, 1-2 mic. in diameter, twisted into a somewhat irregular dense (here and there loose), or rarely regular spiral, 3-5 mic. in diameter, the turns being contiguous to each other or almost so. Greenland. Growing in cavities with brackish water among mouldering Tessarmiut, Baffin Bay. (Wormskiold). West Greenland, south of 61 lat. N. (Rosenvinge). West Greenland and Atlantic North America. Maine. Mixed with other algae, forming dark (Borgesen and Jonsson). purple-colored patches on the wharves at low-water mark. Eastport. (FarNew low). On rocks on shore near Seal Harbor. (Collins). (West). Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Gloucester, Cambridge, Wood's
aigae.

Hole. (Farlow). Everett and Medford; on wharves, Nantucket. (Collins). Connecticut. In large jelly-like masses on stalks of R u p p i a in Fresh Pond (brackish), Stratford. July 1892. ("Could take it up in jelly-like masses . New York. Frequent half an inch thick, pure Spirulina"). (Holden).
in

latoria.

New Jersey. Mixed with O s c i 1sulphur springs. Clifton. (WoUe). Atlantic City. (Morse). Swimming River, Monmouth County. (Britton). Staten Island. (Pike). Mixed with other minute forms. Atlantic Florida. Glen Cove Spring. (Wolle). Nebraska. City. (Martindale). Central America. Growing Frequent in salt water. Lincoln. (Saunders). West Indies. On the roots of in very warm water. Guatemala. (Meek). mangroves. Near Bridgetown; Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados. (Howard).
Forma oceanica (Crouan) Gomont.
Collins,
1.

c.

274.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

215.

Holden and
i

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

20. no.

954. 1902.

Trichomes

mic. in diameter,

somewhat

straight in outline, twisted

into a regular spiral.

Washington. Floating
1901; in

in slightly

brackish water. Crocket's Lake. June

mud

of pools of brackish water on salt marshes,

Whidbey

Island.

(Gardner).
183.

Spirulina duplex Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 323. De Tom. Syll. Algar. 5: 216. 1907. 1887.

pi. 210.

f.

4, 5.

Myxophyceae
Plate IV.
fig.

91
so, 51.

Trichomes 2 mic. form of slender, flat,

when twisted 75-200 mic. long, having continuous bands (when untwisted forming a complete ring), normally flattened and twisted, with one to four or
in diameter,
strap-like,

more

turns.

Minnesota. Frequent in pool near Minneapolis. (Wolle).

Genus

PHORMIDIUM

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 190. 1843.

Filaments simple, forming a woolly or felt-like layer or rarely floatbase with free ends torn and ragged; sheaths thin, transparent, mucous, agglutinated, partly or entirely diffluent; trichomes cylindrical, in some species constricted at joints, never distinctly spiral; apex of trichome often tapering, straight or curved, capitate or not capitate; outer membrane of apical cell thickened into a calyptra in many
ing, attached at the

species.
I

Trichomes especially constricted

1

at joints,

even moniliform; apex of

trichome neither curved nor capitate.

Trichomes scarcely 4 mic.

(i)

in

diameter
niic.

Plants living in hot or in brackish water; trichomes 1.2-2.3 P. fragile in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate

(2)

Plants living in salt water; plant mass rose-colored; trichomes 1.7-2 mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter P. persicinum
Plants terrestrial, nestling in pits in rocks; trichomes 1.5 in diameP. foveolarum ter; cells somewhat quadrate
6-8.5 mic. in

(3)

2
II

Trichomes

diameter

P. tinctorium
at joints;

Trichomes rarely or scarcely constricted

straight or curved, capitate in
I

apex of trichome

many

species

Trichomes scarcely
(i)

3 mic. in diameter

Plant mass purplish violet, reddish brown or scarlet

A
B

Filaments somewhat straight; trichomes slightly constricted at P. luridum joints; transverse walls not granulated

Filaments somewhat straight; trichomes fragile, frequently interrupted, not constricted at joints; transverse walls rarely
visible

P-

rubnmi

Filaments very much twisted; trichomes not constricted at joints; transverse walls marked by four protoplasmic granules P. purpurascens
Filaments curved, entangled or arranged parallel with each other, trichomes not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, P. crosbyanum neither tapering nor capitate
Plant mass blue-green or olive.
Plants living in hot water; plant mass expanded, lamellose, composed of many superposed papery layers; trichomes .6-.8 mic.

(2)

92
in

Minnesota Algae
diameter,

not

constricted

at

joints;

apex

of

trichome

straight, not tapering

P. treleasei

Plant mass thin, membranaceous; trichomes i-i.S mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, tapering; P. laminosum transverse walls granulated
Plant mass thin, membranaceous; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome finally becoming tapered and bent; transverse walls not granulated P. tenue Plant mass thick, leathery; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, obtuse
P. valderianum

Plant mass lamellose; trichomes 2-2.8 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, bent P. subuliforme or twisted
3 mic. in diameter

Trichomes more than

(1)

Apex
a

of trichome straight, not capitate

A
b

Apical cell obtuse conical Plant mass encrusted with calcium carbonate
P. incrustatum

Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate

(a)

Filaments somewhat straight; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter; transverse walls covered by protoplasmic granules
P.

inundatum

(b)

Filaments flexuous; trichomes

3-4.5 mic. in diameter; cells 3.4-8 mic. in length; transverse walls conspicuous P. corium

(c)

Filaments strongly flexuous; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls conspicuous
P.

papyraceum

(d)

Plant mass membranaceous, mucous; trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter, interrupted; apex of trichome straight, obtuse; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated P. interruptum Plant mass thin; trichomes quently interrupted
16-18

(e)

mic. in diameter, P. naveanum

fre-

B
a

Apical cell not or scarcely tapering, truncate Sheaths thin, fragile, soon diffluent; trichomes 4.5-12 mic. in P. retzii diameter; cells 4-9 mic. in length

Sheaths firm, or mucous and diffluent, at times thick and lamellose; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; cells 1.5-2.7 mic. in length.
P.

ambiguum

(2)

Apex

of trichome straight, capitate

slightly constricted at joints

Trichomes

P. submembranace-

um

Myxophyceae
B
a

93
at joints

Trichomes not constricted

Plants epiphytic, living in salt water; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, irregularly curved, very rarely straight; apex of trichome gradually tapering; cells 4-11 mic. in length
P. laysanense Plants living in warm or fresh water; trichomes 4.5-9 mic. in diameter, elongate, flexuous; apex of trichome gradually tapering; cells 3-7 mic. in length P. favosum

Plants living in warm or fresh water; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, apex of trichome scarcely tapering; apical cell oblique, depressed, conical P. talidum

Plants living in fresh water; trichomes 5.5-11 mic. in diameter, straight, fragile; apex of trichome briefly tapering; apical cell straight, conical; cells 2-4 mic. in length
P. subfuscum

(3)

Apex

of trichome

more or

less curved, capitate

A
a

Plant mass blue^green or dark brown

Plants living in fresh water; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome curved or briefly spiraled
P. uncinatum

Plants living on damp soil or on rocks, rarely under water; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome scarcely curved, sometimes straig'ht P. autumnale

B
184.

Plant mass dark purple

fragile

P. setchellianum
)

Phormidium
f.

(Meneghini

Gomont. Monogr.
5: 220. 1907.

Oscill. 183. pi.

4.

13-15. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Collins.

Algae.

Maine. 248. 1894.

Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

ID. no. 451. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. West and West. A further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Re34: 289. 1898-1900.

ported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska.

Plate IV.
fig.

5: 13.

1901.

52, 53.

Plant mass mucous, lamellose, yellowish or dark blue-green; sheaths gelatinous, fibrous, diffluent into mucous; trichomes 1.2-2.3 mic. in diameter, more or less flexuous, entangled or somewhat parallel to each other,
constricted at joints; apex of trichome tapering; apical cell acute-conical; calyptra none; cells 1.2-3 mic. long; cell contents not granular.

Maine. Forming a dull green, gelatinous stratum on woodwork. Near

Seal Harbor; forming an encrustation in a tide pool, York Island, PenobMassachusetts. Northern part. (Collins). scot Bay, July 1894. (Collins).

Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey). ten Waven, Dominica. (Elliott).

West

Indies. In stream.

Wot-

94
185.

Minnesota Algae
Phormidium persicinum (Reinke) Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 184. 1893.

De
Collins.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 220. 1907.

Notes on Algae.
Plants.

of

New England

V.

II. Rhodora. i: 11. 1900; Preliminary Lists Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. West.

West Indian Freshwater

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 1401. 1907.

Collins,

Plant mass a delicate, continuous, velvety, rose-colored coating on marine shells; filaments loosely entangled; sheaths close, diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 1.7-2 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome tapering; apical cell acute conical; calyptra none; cells 2-7 mic. in length; cell contents homogeneous.

Massachusetts. Forming a thin pink film on shells, mostly on the r o r b i s which is often attached in great abundance to larger algae. Nahant. June 1899. (Collins). In a jar in the Marine Biological Laboratory. West Indies. On roots of mangroves Wood's Hole. May 1907. (Davis). in brackish swamp. Near Bridgetown, Barbados. (Howard).

Sp

186.

Phormidium foveolarum (Montagne) Gomont. Monogr.

pi.
4.
f.

Oscill.

164.

16. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 221.

1907.
Calif.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

184. 1903.

Pub. Bot.

i:

Plate IV.

fig. 54.

Plant mass very thin, orbicular, "nestling" in depressions of cretaceous

rocks, dark green; sheaths diffluent into an amorphous, gelatinous

mucus;

trichomes about 1.5 mic. in diameter, variously twisted, parallel, constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells .8-2 mic. in length; cell contents not granular, pale blue-green.

Washington. Mixed with

Pleasant Ridge, near
187.

P.

autumnalein

ditches

by the roadside.

La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner).

i: 35.
f.

Phormidiimi tinctorium Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

1849.

pi. 49.

f.

3.

1845-

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill.

182.

pi.

4.

11.

1893.

De

Toni.

Syll. Algar. S: 218. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 301. pi. 202. f. 22, 23. 1887. (Lyngbya tinctoria Kg.)
Plate IV.
fig. SS-

Plant mass penicillate, elongate, attached at base, waving, gelatinous, dark green, when dried yellowisli purple, coloring paper violet; filaments somewhat straight, collected in fascicles, parallel; sheaths very mucous and diffluent; trichomes 6-8.5 rn'c. in diameter, much constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, occasionally very gradually tapering; apical cell more or less acute conical or cylindrical conical; calyptra none; cells 5-1 mic. long; transverse walls not granulated; cells contents finely granular.

Arizona. In springs. April. (Pringle).

M. Gomont

calls

attention

to

the

fact

that

the

trichomes of this

Myxo

95

species resemble very much those of Microcoleus subtorulosus, but the exterior aspect of the two plants is totally different.
l88.

Phormidium luridum (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr.

f.

Oscill. 185. pi. 4.

17, 18.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

g: 222.

1907.

West and West. A further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 289. 1898-1900. West. West dian Fresh Water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904.
Plate IV.
fig. 56, 57.

the
In-

Plant mass membranaceous, lamellose, amethyst-purple or dark purple en the surface, gray or blue-green underneath; filaments somewhat straight; sheaths at first thin, scarcely visible, soon dissolving into a compact, gelatinous mucus; trichomes 1.7-2 mic. in diameter, fragile, straight, variously entangled, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither curved nor tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 1.8-4.7 niic. in length;
cell

contents not granular.

West

Indies.

Growing on

sides of road. Fort Charlotte, St. Vincent.

January and February

189.

1896. (West).

Roseau Valley, Dominica. (Howard).

II.

Phormidium rubrum
25: 100. pi.
9.
f.

Tilden.
1898.

American Algae. Cent.

no. 186. 1896.

Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz.

18.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

fig. 58.

5: 223. 1907.

Plate IV.

Plant mass forming a thin layer, scarlet in color; filaments somewhat straight; sheaths visible only under high powers; trichomes i mic. in diameter, fragile, frequently interrupted, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither curved nor tapering; cells 1-1.2 mic. in length; transverse walls rarely visible.

Wyoming. In tepid water, in overflow from small hillside spring. Between Middle and Upper Geyser Basins, Yellowstone National Park. July
1896. (Tilden).
190.

Phormidium purpurascens (Kuetzing) Gomont. Essai

cees homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot.
Oscill. 186. pi. 4.
f.

Class.

Nostoca-

4:

3SS-

1890;

Monogr.

19. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 223. 1907.

Plate IV.

fig. 59-

strongly twisted, Plant mass compact, leathery, dark violet; filaments finally becoming diffluent and closely entangled; sheaths narrow, papery, not constricted at joints; agglutinated; triohomes 1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter,
apical cell rotund; calyptra apex of trichome neither tapering nor curved; marked by four protoplaswalls transverse length; none; cells 2-4.5 mic. in granules. mic Wyoming. Together with Synechococcus aeruginosusand Gloeocapsa violacea, forming black -'stalactites," 1.-1.5 dm. long masses or extended sheets. These and 5 dm in thickness, also serrated of a small cave in which was the walls the hung from the top and lined At short intervals they received jets of steam and

vent of a hot spring.

Minnesota Algae
a spray of hot water. Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).

Lower Geyser

Basin,

Further study proved that the Yellowstone specimens should be placed under Hypheothrix calcicola (Ag.) Rab. However, since there is some possibility that the material contains a mixture of the two species, the above description is allowed to stand.
191.

Phormidium crosbyanum
no. 645. 1909.

Tilden.

American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

i.

Plate IV.

fig. 60, 61.

Plant mass 2 cm. in thickness, S cm. in diameter, impregnated with lime, somewhat hard, bluish green to brownish red in color; filaments curved, entangled or arranged parallel with each other; sheaths extremely delicate; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell conical; calyptra none; cells 1.5-5 niic. long.
firm,

Hawaii.

Forming reddish brown, flattened-globose cushions on upper

between
tides.

side of rock shelf,

It is usually

Waianae, Oahu,

May

1900.

(Tilden).

very

difficult to

make out

the sheaths protruding beyond the

trichome, but empty sheaths are numerous.

192.

Phormidium
Bull.

treleasei

Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariees nouvelles.

2,T.

Soc. Bot. de France. 46:

1899.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

21. no.

234. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

1006. 1903.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.

Bot.

i: 186. 1903.

Plant mass expanded, lamellose, composed of many superposed papery layers; filaments parallel, very slender, straight, rigid; sheaths very thin, transparent, mucous, agglutinated; trichomes .6-.8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells up to 8.8 mic. in length; cell contents pale bluegreen.

Canada. Hot Sulphur Springs, Banff, Alberta. June Arkansas. In hot springs. (Trelease). PoUey).
193.

1901.

(Butler and

Phormidium laminosum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai

homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot.
187.
pi. 4.
f.

Class. Nostocacees

4: 355.

1890;
5:

Monogr.

Oscill.

21, 22.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

225. 1907.

Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 181. 1896 Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 98. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported f. 15. 1898. Saunders. Thi Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901 Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub, Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc Bot. i: 185. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot 21. no. 1003. 1903. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala 42: 292. 1904.
(O.

WoUe. Fresh Water

elegans

Ag.)

Tilden.

Myxophyceae
Proc. Biol. Soc. no. 643. 1909.

97
Wash.
21: 154. 1908;

American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

fig. 62.

1.

Plate IV.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, expanded, pale blue-green, golden yellow or brick-colored; filaments flexuous, densely entangled; sheaths narrow, papery, mucous or entirely diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichomc straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell acute conical; calyptra none; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by four refringent granules, usually inconspicuous; cell contents blue-green.
Alaska. Forming a thin, membranaceous stratum on perpendicular rocks moistened by spray from a waterfall. Orca, Prince William Sound. Pennsylvania. Quiet waters. (WoUe). (Saunders). Nebraska. In running water in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Wyoming. In overflow water of spring where the old formation makes a hard, billowy or terraced incline. The algae extend down the incline for a distance of twenty feet, forming wide ribbons of green, alternating with bands of pink, yellow, white and a darker green. Temperature of spring 91 C. Algal growth occurs at a temperature of 51-55 C. Ribbon Spring, Norris Geyser Basin. June i8g6; in small shallow spring, expanding at top into leaf-like masses, or tapering from bulbous head to a small tubular base, temperature 55" C, Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, June 1896; in grassy rivulet, temperature 30 C, Mountain hot springs, Lower Geyser Basin, June 1896; around edges of springs, forming brown and green layers which turn gray or blackish out of water, temperature 63 C, Prismatic Lake, Middle Geyser Basin, July 1896; forming plumy strings, white or light yellowish in color, temperature 75.5 C, Solitary Spring, Upper Geyser Basin, July 1896; forming a whitisih, scurfy, hardened, rather brittle scum on surface of still pool into which overflow runs, temperature 41 C, Mammoth Hot Springs, July 1896, Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden).

Washington. In a water trotfgh fed by a spring. San Juan Island. July

(Gardner).

1901.

Central America. In a pool of very warm water close to a West hot spring. Near Lake Amatitlan. January 1906. (Kellerman). Indies. Royal Botanical Gardens, St. Ann's, Trinidad. (Howard).

This species was found to be "by far the most widespread and abundant of any alga in the hot waters of the Park. Its habit of growth is extremely varied, so that it is not easily recognized. It is the only species, except Spirulina major, that, so far as I know, is found in both calcareous and silicious waters in this region." Tilden.

Forma weedii

Tilden.

Observations on some West American Thermal

f.

Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25:

99. pi. 9-

16.

1898.

De
often

Toni. Syll. Algar. strongly bent;

5: 226. 1907.

sheaths not Plant mass blue-green; apex of trichome sharply bent; visible, trichomes 2.5-3 mic- in diameter; walls generally distinct, sometimes cells 1.5-2.5 mic. long; transverse
filaments

marked by granules;

cell

contents usually granular.

of channel. Temperature 49-54-3' C. With Spasmodic Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. 1897. (Weed).

Wyoming. In overflow

Spirulina major.

98

Minnesota Algae

The points of i n o s u m. This plant is very near typical P. 1 a difference are that the iilaments are slightly greater in diameter, the apex is almost invariably sharply bent, and the transverse walls may or may
not be marked by granules.
ular.
194.

Sometimes the

entire cell contents are gran-

Phormidium tenue (Meneghini) Gomont. Monogr.

23-2S. 1893.

Oscill. 189. pi. 4.

f.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 227.

1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr.

Bot.

Club.

9:

25.

1882.

Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 310. 1887. Tilden. American Algae. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Cent. 11. no. 182. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Collins, Holden and Setchell. Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 100. pi. 9. f. 17. 1898. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 606. 1899. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 1901. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 185. 1903. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain Ponds Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Buchanan. Notes on and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908. the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.
Stitz.);

(Oscillatoria detersa

Plate IV.

fig.

63-65.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, expanded, pale blue-green; filaments elongate, somewhat straight, densely entangled; sheaths thin, finally diffluent into a fibrous mucus; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, straight, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome not capitate, at first straight, afterwards becoming tapering and bent; apical cell acute-conical; calyptra none; cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; transverse walls usually indistinct; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.
Alaska. In various situations, submerged and emergent, in fresh water. Walls of Amaknak Cave, Amaknak Island; Bay of Unalaska. (Setchell and I.awson). Massachusetts. In fresh water. Naushon Island. August 1895. (Nott). Rhode Island. Roger Williams Park. (Bennett). New York. Virginia. In a pool in Luray Stagnant waters. Rochester. (Wolle). Cave, 260 feet below the surface. (Seipt). Indiana. Edge of pond. Near Bloomington. May, June 1907. (Brown). Iowa. Frequent. Fayette. (Fink). On pots in greenhouse; in pond. Ames; in pond among decaying rushes, bottom of the margin of the slough. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). Nebraska. On boards of mill-dam. Milford. (Bessey). Wyoming. Around edges of spring, not covered by water, but water flows in little streams through and around it. Mixed with P. 1 a m n o s u m. Temperature of water 33 C. Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June Washington. Coupeville, Oak Harbor, Whidbey Island; 1896. (Tilden). Seattle. (Gardner). West Indies. Near Bridigetown; Bay Estate; Graeme Hall Swamp. Barbados. (Howard).
i

195.

Phormidium valderianum (Delponte) Gomont. Monogr.

4.
f.

Oscill. 187. pi.

20. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 223. 1907.

de Bot. 9:

Hariot. Algues du Golfe de Californie recueillies par M. Diguet. Journ. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New 169. 1895.

Myxophyceae
England. 22: 430. 1895.
Fasc.
3.

99
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am.

Tilden. List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2:
103.

no.

1895.

42.

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 184. 1903. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908. Tilden. American
1900.

Collins,

1105. 1903.

Setchell

Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

i.

no. 644. 1909.

Plate IV.

fig. 66.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in thickness, slimy, expanded, lamellose, the upper layers dull green, the lower layers whitish; filaments flexuose, densely entangled; sheaths narrow, papery, finally diffluent into a tenaceous mucus and becoming agglutinated; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, straight, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3.3-6.7 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by two or four protoplasmic granules; cell contents blue-green.
Alaska. On dripping timber of old mill. Sitka. (Setchell and Lawson). Canada. Forming a thick, stratified mass. Warm sulphur spring. Banff, Alberta. June 1901. (Butler and Polley). Rhode Island. "Forming verdigris-green gelatinous sheaths, later becoming chartaceous, on stones and on leaves of Ruppia maritimain brackish water. Watch Hill Pond,

Watch

Hill.

Septemher

1892."

(Setchell).

Connecticut.

(Collins).

Minnesota. In arm of Mississippi River (old channel). St. Paul Park. Gulf of California. In thermal water at 75. October 1897. (Freeman). Central "Du ruisseau de I'Azufres au pied du volcan de las Virgenes.'' America. Associated with Nodularia harveyana. Laguna, Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Altitude 395 feet. February 1905. (Kellerman).
196.

Phormidium subuliforme Gomont. Monogr.

1893.

Oscill.

189.

pi.

4.

f.

26.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

230.

1907.

Bessey,

Pound and Clements. Additions

Nebraska.
5:
12. 1901.

to the

Reported Flora of the

State. Bot. Surv.

Plate IV.

fig. 67.

Plant mass lamellose, yellowish green; sheaths diffluent into an amorphous, gelatinous mucus; trichomes 2-2.8 mic. in diameter, straight, constricted at joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, bent or twisted, not capitate; apical cell more or less acute-conical; calyptra none; cells 6-8 mic. in length; transverse walls distinct; cell contents homogeneous or
coarsely granular, blue green. Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey).
197.

Phormidium incrustatum (Naegeli) Gomont

in

Bornet and Flahault.

Mollusques, in Sur quelques plantes vivant dans le test calcaire des Oscill. 190. pi. 4- iBull. Soc. Bot. France. 36: 154. 1889; Monogr. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 230. 1907. 27. 1893.
Tilden. American Algae. Century
II.

no. 183. 1896; List of fresh-water

loo
Algae collected
Collins,
in

Minnesota Algae
Minnesota during
Setchell. Phyc.
1895. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1057.
fig. 68.

599. 1896.

Holden and

1903.

Plate IV.

Plant mass encrusted with lime, crustaceous, very hard, dark red or
violet; filaments curved, entangled or erect-parallel; sheaths thin,

mucous,

trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuseconical; calyptra none; cells 3.5-5.2 mic. in length; transverse walls usually visible, sometimes granulated; cell contents showing scattered granules.
agglutinated;

Wisconsin.. In stream. Osceola. August 1895. (Tilden). the sides of a water trough. Berkeley. September 1902. and Gardner).

California.

On

(Osterhout
231.

Var. cataractarum (Naeg.) Gomont.

I.

c.

190.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 302. pi. 202. f. 18, 19. 1887. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Brown. Algal periodicity in certain ponds Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Buchanan. Notes on the and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908. Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908. Filaments erect-parallel.

New
March
198.

Jersey. In rapid waters.

waterfalls, mill dams, etc.,

sometimes

inches in thickness.
to

(Wolle).

August

1907.

(Brown).

Pennsylvania. Frequent at two or three Indiana. Jordan Branch, Bloomington. Iowa. Iowa City. (Hobby).
(Wolle).
in cushion-like masses,

Phormidium inundatum Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 251. 1849. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 192. pi. 4. f. 31, 32. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:

232.

1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882; ExFresih-Water Algae U. S. 303. pi. 202. sicc. no. 108. (O. a n 1 1 a r i a) Bennett Plants of Rhode Island. f. 24, 25. 1887. (L. i n u n d a t a Kg.) Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. 114. 1888. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1002. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. i. no. 642. Bot. i: 185. 1903.
i
;

1909.

Plate IV.

fig. 69,

70.

Plant mass membranaceous, blue-green; filaments somewhat straight, fragile; sheaths thin, diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, straight or curved, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuse conical; calyptra none; cells 4-8 mic. in length; transverse walls covered by proto-

plasmic granules.

United States. (Farlow). Margins of wayside ditches and the like. South Carolina. On moist Rhode Island. Geneva. (Bennett). (Wolle). Montana. On bottoms of dried alkali ponds. Billings. earth. (Ravenel). Washington. On a dripping September 1898. (Williams and Griffiths). water pipe. Seattle. May 1901. (Gardner).

Myxophyceae
199.

loi

Phormidium oorium
192. pi. 5.
f.

(Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homocystees. Morot, Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
I,

2.

1893.

De
of

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 235. 1907.

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells,

Stony Brook

and Beaver Brook Reservations

Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 304. 1897. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 399. 1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. ^V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 185. 1903. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.
the

Plate IV.

fig. 71, 72.

Plant mass widely expanded, membranaceous, leathery, dark blue-green more or less flexuous, densely entangled; sheaths thin, papery, or diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuse conical; calyptra none; cells 3.4-8 mic. in length; transverse w^alls not granulated, usually con'ST'icuous; cell contents sometimes granular, blue-green.
or
black; filaments elongate,

Massachusetts. On cliff. Middlesex Fells. Greenland. (Borigesen). Connecticut. On stonework of dam at R. R. crossing. Bruce's Brook; on woodwork of dam, Island Brook, below Housatonic R. R.; on stonework of dam at Moody's Pond, May 1894, Bridgeport. (Holden). South Carolina. On rocks and timbers under dam at mill. Chester County. Nebraska. In ponds. South Bend, Long Pine. (BesMay 1898. (Green). sey, Pound and Clements).
(Collins).
200.

Phormidium papyraceum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai

homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot.
193. 1893.

Class. Nostocacees

4: 3SS-

1890;

Monogr.

Oscill.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Setchell. Phyc.

5:

1907.
14.

Collins,

Holden and
112.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no. 653. 1900.

Tilden. Collection of Algae

lins,

Annual for 1902. Holden and

1901;

from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and ColAmerican Algae. Cent. V. no. 493. 1901.
Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig.

Setchell. Phyc.

21. no. 1004. 1903.

Plate IV.

73, 74-

Plant mass expanded, glistening, thin, leathery, fraigile when dried, dark green; filaments elongate, strongly flexuous, very densely entangled; sheaths thin, papery, sometimes diffluent; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuse-conical; calyptra none; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls usually conspicuous, not granulated; cell contents sometimes granular, blue-green.

Maine. On stones at low water mark, outlet of fresh water brook, but Massachusetts. within influence of tide. Cape Rosier. July 1901. (Collins). April Medford. (Collins). 1896. water. falling under In brook on stones

102
Hawaii.

Minnesota Algae

On

sides of

wooden

irrigation flume

where water dripped through.

Kahuku
201.

Plantation, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

i: 33. pi. 45.
f.

Phormidium interruptum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

7.

1845.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 228. 1907.

Plate IV.
fig.

75.

Plant mass membranaceous, mucous, blue-green; sheaths firm; trichomes S-6.5 mic. in diameter, iiexuously curved, interrupted; apex of trichome straight, obtuse; cells 2.5-3.2 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated; cell contents usually homogeneous, yellowish
green.

Vermont.
202.

Charlotte. (Wolle).

Phormidium naveanum Grunow in Nave. Vorarbeiten zu einer Kryptogamenflora von Mahrens. Verhandl. der Naturforsch. Vereins in
Briinn. 40. 1864.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 228.

1907.
6: 283. 1879;

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Water Algae U. S. 298. pi. 201. f. i, 2. 1887.
Plate IV.
fig.

Fresh-

76.

Plant mass thin, dull green becoming olive brown; filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter, more or less parallel; sheaths very wide, loosely cohering, firm, colorless; trichomes frequently interrupted; cells two or three times shorter than the diameter, indistinct; cell contents dull green.
Pools. (Wolle).
203.

Canada. Crystal Bay, Ontario, Lake Erie. (Wolle). Florida, Marsh grounds. (Smith).

Pennsylvania.

Phormidium
cystees.
5. f.

retzii (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homoMorot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 195. pi.

6-9. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 241. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; FreshWater Algae U. S. 302. pi. 202. f. 9-1 1. 1887. (L. retzii Ag,, L. papyrina Tilden. AmeriBennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Kirchn.) can Algae. Cent. I. no. 70. 1894. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Collins, Holden Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 235. 1895. Collins. The Algae of and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. i. no. 3. 1895. Tilden. American Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of NorthAlgae. Cent. VI. no. 589. 1902. Collins. The Algae western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 185. 1903. of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Tilden. American Algae. Cent. Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 236, 243. 1905.

VII. Fasc.

I.

no. 640, 641. 1909.

Plate V.

fig.

1-4.

Plant mass thick, compact, or sometimes forming penicillate or branched tufts, attached at base, upper portions floating, bright blue-green or dark lead color; filaments more or less straight, fragile, entangled; sheaths thin,
fragile, usually

soon diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 4.5-12

mic. in diameter, usually not constricted at joints, rarely

somewhat monili-

Myxophyceae

103

form; apex of trichome straight, not capitate; apical cell scarcely tapering, truncate, with outer membrane scarcely thickened; cells 4-9 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated, sometimes obscured by protoplasmic granules; cell contents' granular, blue-green.

Newfoundland. On moss in stream, swift water, running into Torbay Harbor, Torbay. July 1897. (Holden). New Hampshire. On walls of the "Flume" and in quieter parts of the stream. (Collins). Rhode Island. Geneva. (Bennett). Connecticut. Forming dark bluish-purple gelatinous
patches, often of considerable extent, on rocks in swiftly ilowing current. Quinebaug River, Lisbon. September 1892. (Setchell). Stream just below

paper mill. Pequonnock River; Rooster River, Bridgeport. June, July, SepFlorida. (Smith). tember. (Holden). Alabama. Auburn. March 1897. Texas. 1902. (Fanning). Wisconsin. Forming membrane on (Baker). Minnesota. sides of casing of spring. Osceola. September 1894. (Tilden). Washington. In ponds. Minnesota Point, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). West Growing on a submerged log. Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner). Indies. In tufts on plants. Rio Cobre, Bog Walk, Jamaica. 1893. (Humphrey).

Forma
Collins, Collins.

fasciculatum Gomont.

1.

c.

197.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

243.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
8:
122.

26. no.

1254. 1905.

Notes on Algae.

VII.

Rhodora.

1906.

Fascicles attached at base, penicillate or tufted, branched, floating.

Massachusetts. In long masses in quick running water. Inlet of Walden

Pond, Lynnfield. June

1905. (Collins).

Forma

rupestris (Kuetz.)

Gomont.

1.

c.

197.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

242.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; FreshWolle and Martindale. Algae. Water Algae U. S. 300. pi. 202. f. 58. 1887.
Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in
1889.

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

J. 2:

608.

Trichomes constricted

at joints

near the apices.

New
204.

Jersey.

On

rocks. Bergen, Palisades. (Wolle).

Maryland. Form-

ing a matted stratum on rocks. Garrett County. (Smith).

Phormidium ambiguum Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 198. pi.

5- i- 10.

1893-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 240. 1907.

during 1895. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota II. no. 184. 1896. Cent. Algae. American 1896; i: Studies, Minn Bot. S99. no. 254. 1897Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. Algae. Marine Plants. England V. New of Lists Collins. Preliminary Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Rhodora 2: 42. 1900. Setchell iQOi. Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. S: Uof Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. l:

and Gardner. Algae

185. 1903.

Plate V.

fig.

5-

or yellowish green or bluePlant mass more or less expanded, dark entangled; sheaths variously curved, flexuously green- filaments elongate, thick and lamellose; trichomes 4-6 times at diffluent, and mucous firm or

mic

at joints; in diameter, slightly constricted

apex of tnchome

straight.

I04
neither tapering nor capitate;
ulated, occasionally obscured
lar,

Minnesota Algae
apical
cell

rotund,

with outer membrane

cell

slightly thickened; cells 1.5-2.7 mic. in length; transverse walls rarely gran-

by protoplasmic granules;

contents granu-

blue-green.

Massachusetts. Forming a coating on stones and algae in ditch in salt marsh. Near Linden station. Revere. October 1892. (Collins). Minnesota. On bottom of wooden trough through which very cold spring water flows with a swift current. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1895. (Tilden). Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clements). Washington. Growing on a submerged log. Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner).
205.

Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Straflorello) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 200. pi. 5. f. 13. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 244.
1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor-Am. Fasc.
fig. 6.

24. no. 1162.

1904.

Plate V.

Plant mass membranaceous, leathery, dark green, sheaths not present; trichomes 5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, densely tangled, agglutinated by an abundant amorphous mucus; apex of trichome straight, gradually tapering, capitate; apical cell showing a depressed-conical calyptra; cells

somewhat quadrate,
Forming

4-10 mic. in length; cell contents

homoge-

neous, blue-green.
California.

a thick layer on plants just below water mark.

Alameda. September
206.

1903.

(Osterhout and Gardner).

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.

Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann.

Jahrb. 34: 619.
pi. 7.
f.

4, 5. 1905.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 245. 1907.

Plate V.

fig. 7, 8.

in

Filaments 5-6 mic. in diameter; sheaths hyaline; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. diameter, irregularly curved, very rarely straight, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, gradually tapering; apical cell capitate; cells 4-11 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents blue-green.
Hawaii.
207.

On

Turbinaria.

Laysan. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).

Phormidium favosum (Bory)

Gomont. Monogr.
1907.

Oscill.

200.

1893.

De
Dickie. Soc. Bot.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 245.

the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. 1880. (Hypheothrix obscura Dickie). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 201. 1895. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot.
17:
8.

On

Studies, i: 599. 1896; American Algae. Cent. IL no. 185. 1896. Collins. Preliminary List of New England Plants.V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2:

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. for 1902. 112, 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 494. 1901. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 186. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late
42.

1900.

Almanac and Annual

Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. VII. Fasc. I. no. 639. 1909.

7: 236. 1905.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent.

Myxophyceae
Plate V.
fig.

105
9,

10.

Plant mass moderately expanded, papery or thick, attached at base,, floating, dark blue-green, when dried dark lead-colored; sheaths usually not present; trichomes 4.5-9 mic. in diameter, elongate, more or less flexuous, not constricted at joints, straight or somewhat spiral near the extremities,
agglutinated by an amorphous mucus; apex of trichome gradually tapering, especially capitate; apical cell obtuse truncate, showing a somewhat' hemispherical calyptra; cells 3-7 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by

double rows of granules;

cell

contents blue-green.

Arctic Regions. Dried up pool. Distant Cape, Discovery Bay. (Dickie). Alaska. Floating or attached to wpod in streams or on the ground. Glacier

MassachuValley, Unalaska. (Lawson). Juneau. (Setchell and Lawson). Connecticut. StraRhode Island. (Collins). setts. (Farlow, Collins). tum adhering to rocks in shoal running water. Great Falls of the HousaNev7 York. On stones and earth in tonic, below Lovers' Leap. July. Texas. 1902. water flowing from a spring. Ithaca. April 1895. (Atkinson). Wisconsin. In trough. Osceola. August 1895. (Tilden). (Fanning). Minnesota. On sides of wooden tub. Long Lake, Hennepin County. SepHawaii. In running water in trough from rice tember 189s. (Tilden). field. Peninsula, Pearl City; on bottom of irrigating ditch in sugar cane field, Ewa Plantation, Oahu, June 1900. (Tilden).
208.

Phormidium calidum Gomont. Essai

Morot. Journ. de Bot.
16. 1893.

Class. Nostocacees homocystees.

4:

353. 1890;

Monogr.

Oscill. 202. pi.

5.

f.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 246. 1907.

Setchell. Phyc.

Collins,

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
II.

28. no.

13S3. 1907.

Plate V.

fig.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, dark green; sheaths not present, trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, parallel, somewhat straight, not constricted at joints, agglutinated by an amorphous mucus; apex of trichome straight, scarcely tapering, very slightly capitate; apical cell showing an oblique, depressed conical calyptra; cells 3-8 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents dull blue-green.
California.

Forming

a thin layer

on rocks. Stow Lake, Golden Gate

Park, San Francisco.

209.

May

1906. (Gardner).
1843.
Syll.

Phormidium subfuscum Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 195. Monogr. Oscill. 202. pi. 5. f. 17-20. 1893. De Toni.
247. 1907.

Gomont.
Algar. 5:

WoUe. Fresh-Water

branacea
Am.
Fasc.
13.

Algae. U. S. 300. pi. 201. f. 11-13. 1887. [L. e mCollins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.(Kg.) Thur.].

no. 605. 1899.

Plate V.

fig.

12-15.

Plant mass widely expanded, pannose, thin, lamellose, dark green or dark olive; filaments straight, fragile, short, parallel, agglutinated; sheaths diffluent into a lamellose mucus; trichomes 5.5-11 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, capitate, more or less briefly

io6

Minnesota Algae

tapering; apical cell showing a rotund or straight conical calyptra; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes showing two rows of .granules; cell contents densely granular, dull blue-green.

Vermont. Charlotte. (Hosford).

in old sluiceway. Still River,

Connecticut.

On

rocks and boards,

New

Milford.

May
c.

1892. (Setchell).

Mexico.
248.

Fields near Orizaba. (Miiller).

Var. joannianiun (Kuetz.) Gomont.

1.

204.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

WoUe. Fresh Water

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Ph.

Collins,

joannianum
Fasc.
8.

Kg.)
5.5-7 mic.

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am.

no. 352. 1897.

in diameter;

Trichomes

apex of trichome often somewhat

gradually tapering.

Rhode
hout).
210.

Island.

New

Moshassuck River, near Woodlawn. April 1894. (OsterYork. Old wood. Suflern. (Austin).
Class.

Phormidium uncinatum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai

homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot.
204. pi.
5. f.

Nostocacees
Oscill.

4:

355.

1890;

Monogr.

21, 22. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 250. 1907.

Dickie.

On
8.

the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.

Soc. Bot. 17:

Collins. Algae. 1880. (O. tenuis sordida Kuetz.). Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 295. 1898. Collins, Holden 1896. and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 452. 1898. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 590. 1902. Setchell 5: 12. igoi. and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 186. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 1903. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. 7: 236. 1905. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. i.

no. 638. 1909.

Plate V.

fig.

16,

17.

Plant mass widely expanded, adherent, thin and firm, or floating, attached at base, thicker, fringed, dark green, brown or black; filaments straight or somewhat flexuous; sheaths mucous, agglutinated, distinct or diffluent into an abundant amorphous mucus; trichomes 6-g mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, curved or briefly spiraled, especially capitate; apical cell showing a rotund or depressed-conical calyptra; cells 2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents blue-green.

more or

Alaska. Forming Arctic Regions. Fresh water. 82 27' N. (Dickie). less extended blue-black layers, either submerged or on the surface of the ground. St. Michael. (Setchell); near Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Orca.

Maine. On stones. Greenland. (Borgesen). (Setchell and Lawson). MassachuCromwell Harbor Brook, Bar Harbor. July 1896. (Collins). setts. In roadside pool. Valley Street. May 1908; running brook near Elm
Street,

plish or copperish skin

Connecticut. Forming a purMedford, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). on stones in stream below dam at Moody's Pond;

Myxophyceae

107

Mill River, June, July, September. (Holden). Minnesota. On rocks under water fall. Bridal Veil Falls, Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hillesheim). South Dakota. In tank of artesian waters. Aberdeen. June 1896. (Griffiths). Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clements). Washington. La Conner, Skagit County; Seattle. (Gardner). Central America. On rocks at edge of lake. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. January 1906. (Kellerman).
211.

Phormidium autumnale (Agardh) Gomont. Monogr.

f.

Oscill. 207. pi.

5.

23, 24. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 252. 1907.

Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. (Ph. vulgare publicum. Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. U. S. 310. pi. 206. f. 8. 1887. (O. antliaria Juerg.). Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains.' Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (L. vulgaris Kirchn.). Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of Algae collected in the Neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III. 7: Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 22. pi. 270. 1890.

WoUe. Fresh Water

fPh.

vulgare

Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in I. f. IS. pi. 2. f. 22. 1894. Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies, i 31. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. 401. 1898. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of Saunders. New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 591. 1902. Collins, 1901. Setchell Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1104. 1903. and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i Borgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae 186. 1903. of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905. Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.
:

Plate V.

fig.

18,

19.

Plant mass expanded, fragile, glistening, dark blue-green, sometimes yellowish or dark-colored; filaments straight, rarely flexuous, entangled; sheaths narrow, fragile, mucous, distinct or diffluent into an amorphous mucus and agglutinated; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at
joints;
cially

apex of trichome
capitate;

briefly tapering, straight or scarcely curved, espe-

showing a rotund calyptra; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents blue-green.
apical cell

Alaska. Forming a thin dark blue coating on small rocks in a rapid stream emptying into bay. Kukak Bay. (Saunders). Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Sitka. Canada. Humber River. Toronto. (Mackenzie). (Setchell and Lawson). Massachusetts. On New Hampshire. On mosses. Berlin Falls. (Farlow). Rhode Island. (Collins). October 1897. Revere. fountain. stone drinking

Very common. (Bennett). Growing in a freshwater stream, on the surface of a rock frequently washed by salt water, and in a storm practically sub-

io8

Minnesota Algae

New Jersey. On merged. Conanicut Island. August 1894. (Richards). MinnePennsylvania. On damp earth. (Wolle). moist soil. (Wolle). sota. Gull Lake. July 1893; on sides of stone basin over-flowed by spring water, between New Duluth and Fond du Lac, near Duluth, Aujgust 1901. NeIowa. Iowa City. (Hobby). Damp soil. Grinnell. (Fink). (Tilden). braska. On damp soil in greenhouse; around pumps, cisterns, Lincoln. Washington. Coupeville, Whidbey Island; La Conner, Skagit (Saunders).
County;
212.

Seattle, (Gardner).
Oscill. 210. pi.
5.

Phormidium setchellianum Gomont. Monogr.

26.

fig. 25,

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Setchell. Phyc.

5:

254. 1907.
2.

Collins,

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
20, 21.

no. 52. 1895.

Plate V.

fig.

Plant mass thin, cobwebby, dark purple, when dried dark lead-colored; sheaths delicate, usually diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 4-4.8 mic. in diameter, parallel, straight or rCioderately flexuous, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome scarcely tapering, curved or hooked, capitate; apical cell showing a depressed-conical calyptra; cells 3-6 mic. in length; transverse walls, often showing a double row of granules; cell contents pale purple.

Connecticut.
a swift brook.

Forming arachnoid expansions on stones at the bottom 01 In the living condition the expansions are of the color of
Norwich. July
1890. (Setchell).

Bangia fusco -purpurea.

Genus
Filaments

LYNGBYA

C.

Agardh. Syst. Algar.

XXV.

1824.

free,

unbranched, free-floating or forming a densely intricate

floccose or expanded mass; sheaths firm, of variable thickness, sometimes

lamellose, colorless or rarely yellowish

brown; trichomes sometimes con-

stricted at the joints, either obtuse or slightly tapering at the apices; outer

wall of apical
I
1

cell

sometimes thickened forming a calyptra.

in diameter.

Trichomes not more than 2 mic.

Plants living in salt water, epiphytic; transverse walls marked by two refringent granules
(i)

Filaments

i.S

mic.

in

diameter; trichomes

.5

mic.

in

diameter,

cylindrical, not constricted at joints; cells i.S mic. in length

L. mucicola
(2)

Filaments

1.5-2 mic.

in diameter; sheaths

ible; cells 2-7 mic. in

length

very thin, scarcely visL. perelegans

Plants living in fresh water

(i)

Sheaths thin, colorless

A
a

Filaments coiled or spiraled Filaments coiled; trichomes

.8

mic. in diameter, constricted at

joints; cells 2.3-3.2 mic. in length

L. rivulariarum

Filaments more or less regularly spiraled, sometimes straight; trichomes 2 mic. in diameter; cells 1.2-3 mic. in length L. lagerheimii

Myxophyceae
B
a

X09

P'ilaments straight or curved

Filaments

1.9 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome bluntly rounded; cells quadrate or a little longer than diameter

L. nana

Filaments solitary and scattered; trichomes 1.5-1.8 mic. ter, somewhat flexuous; cells up to 3.6 mic. in length
L. subtilis

in

diame-

Filaments

mic. in diameter, at first attached, afterwards free, short, straight or slightly curved; cells about equal in length to the diameter L. distincta
1.8

(2)

Sheaths more or less thick and gelatinous Plant mass ochre-yellow in color; sheaths at first thin, colorless, later thick and yellowish; trichomes .9 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints, frequently interrupted

L. ochracea Plant mass rust-colored; sheaths at first thin, colorless, later thicker and rust-colored; trichomes .8-.9 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, continuous
L. ferruginea

II

sheaths usually thin and colorless, Trichomes sometimes becoming thick and yellowish Plants living in salt water, sometimes in brackish, fresh or hot water
2-6 mic. in diameter;
(i)

Filaments coiled, densely entangled; sheaths thin, colorless, later becoming thick and lamellose; trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 1.5-5.5 mic. in length
L. lutea

(2)

Plants living in salt water, epiphytic; sheaths thin, delicate; trichomes 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells up to L. holdenii 13 mic. in length

(i)

Plants living in fresh water; sheaths usually thin and colorless Plant mass caespitose, light green; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 1-3.7 mic. in length L. digueti

(2)

Plant mass caespitose, blue-green; sheaths delicate, smooth, usually inconspicuous; trichomes 3-2-3-5 mic. in diameter, somewhat
rigid,

forming

tufts

L- penicillata
in

(3)

Plant mass dull blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. constricted at joints; cells 2.3-3 mic. in length

diameter, not

L. aerugineo-caerulea
(4)

Plants epiphytic; filaments straight or sharply curved and twisted; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints L. cladophorae

(5)

Plant mass at

first

adherent, afterwards free, rust-colored on the

outside, olive green within; sheaths colorless, sometimes yellowish, slightly mucous and agglutinated, thick; trichomes 2.8-3.2

no

Minnesota Algae
mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 2-6.4 mic in length L. versicolor

III
1

Trichomes 5-60 mic.

(i)

in

diameter

Plants living in salt water, epiphytic; plant mass caespitose

Plant mass purplish-violet; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter; constricted at joints; cells 2.8-4.6 mic. in length; cell contents rosecolored
L. gracilis

(2)

Plant mass dull blue-green; trichomes 6.5-8 mic. in diameter, constricted

at

joints;

cells

2-4 mic. in length;

blue-green
(3)

cell contents pale L. meneghiniana

Plant mass dark or dull yellowish green; trichomes 14-31 mic. in diameter, evidently constricted at joints; cells 4-10 mic. in length; cell contents frequently showing scattered coarse granules, olive green L. sordida
yellowish or dark green, sheaths thick
dull

Plants living in salt water; plant mass caespitose, extended, mucous,

when

dried

becoming dark

violet;

(i)

Trichomes S-12 mic.

in diameter;

apex of trichome slightly taperL. semiplena

ing, capitate; cells 2-3 mic. in length

(2)

Trichomes 9-25 mic.

diameter; apex of trichome not tapering, not capitate; cells 2-4 mic. in length L. confervoides
in

(i)

Plants living in salt, brackish, fresh or warm water or on moist earth Trichomes 8-24 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly tapering, capitate; apical cell truncate, rarely
cells 2.7-5.6 mic. in

somewhat

length
in

acute-conical; L. aestuarii

(2)

Trichomes 16-60 mic.

not capitate; apical

cell

diameter; apex of trichome not tapering, rotund; cells 2-4 mic. in length
L. majuscula

Plants living in fresh water, often in hot or

(i)

warm

water

Plant mass caespitose, dull or dark green or blue-green

Sheaths thickened and roughened with age; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering, not capitate; cells 1.7-3.3 mic. in length L. martensiana Sheaths colorless, thin, papery; trichomes 7.5-13 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering,
not capitate; cells 3-10 mic.
in

length

L. putealis

Sheaths colorless, thick, roughened; trichomes 11-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering, somewhat capitate; cells 2-3.4 mic. in length
L. major

(2)

Plant mass floating, olive green; filaments forming a regular loose spiral throughout the whole or a portion of their length; trichomes 14-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 3.4L. spirulinoides 6.8 mic. in length
Plant mass formed of loosely entangled filaments, dark green;

(3)

Myxophyceae

11

cells

filaments 15-19 mic. in diameter; trichomes 12.5 mic. in diameter; very short L. arachnoidea

Species not well understood.

L. bicolor

L. caeruleo-violacea
L. fluitans

L. hyalina
L. pusilla

L. rubra
L. rubro-violacea
213.

Lyngbya mucicola Lemmermann.

Bot. 70. 1904.

Plankt. Schwed. Gewass. Ark. for

5: 289. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Planktonalg. Ergebnisse einer Reise n. d. Pacific. 335. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1903. Filaments 1.5 mic. in diameter, scattered, epiphytic; trichomes .5 mic.
in diameter, cylindrical, not constricted at joints; cells 1.5 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by two strongly refringent granules.

Lemmermann.

Hawaii.

On

Chondrocystic

schauinslandii.

Laysan.

(Schauinsland).
214.

Lyngbya perelegans Lemmermann. Planktonalg. Ergebnisse

Reise
n. d. Pacific. 355. 1899.

einer
1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 289.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905.

Plant mass epiphytic on marine algae; filaments 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, straight or curved; sheaths very delicate, scarcely visible; cells 2-7 mic. in length, somewhat quadrate or cylindrical; transverse walls marked by two
glistening granules.

Hawaii.
215.

On

marine algae. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Oscill.
168. 1893.

Lyngbya rivulariarum Gomont. Monogr.

Syll.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5: 282. 1907.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905.

Lemmermann.

Filaments very slender, twisted or coiled; sheaths colorless, very thin, papery; trichomes .7-.8 mic. in diarneter, constricted at the joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 2.3-3.2 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid; cell contents not granular, pale bluegreen.

Hawaii. In a mass of N o s t o c, in ditches. Between Honolulu and Waikiki, Island of Oahu. (Schauinsland).
216.

Lyngbya

lagerheimii (Mobius) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 354. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
167. pi. 4.
f.

6,

7.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 287.

1907.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 53. 1895. Setchell. Notes on sofne Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. Club. 22: 430. 1895.
Collins,
Setchell.

Holden and

112

Minnesota Algae

V.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. VI. no. 587. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. 21. no. 1008. 1903. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 187. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. I. no. 636. 1909.

Plate V.

fig.

22, 23.

Filaments more or less regularly spiraled, sometimes straight; sheaths thin, hyaline; trichomes about 2 mic. in diameter; cells 1.2-3 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by two protoplasmic granules.

Maine. Forming a pale water mark, but reached by Massachusetts. Little Pond, ish water in a small pool,

green sediment in water of a pool above high Pemaquid Point. July 1901. (Collins). Connecticut. In brackFalmouth. (Setchell). near Norwich; in an aquarium, New Haven, Minnesota. On rocks in running water in November 1893. (Setchell). stone quarry. University campus. Minneapolis. November 1901. (Lilley). Washington. Among various filamentous algae. Whidbey Island; sulphur spring, Ravenna Park, Seattle. (Gardner). Central America. On branch of tree which had been cut off and tHirown into water. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. January 1906. (Kellerman). West Indies. Near Bridgetown, Barbados. (Howard).
the spray.
217.

Lyngbya nana

Tilden. American Algae. Century Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 284. 1907.

II.

no. 179. 1896.

De

Tilden. Some new Species of Minnesota Algae which live in a Calcareous or Silicious Matrix. Bot. Gaz. 23: loi. pi. 9. f. 5. 1897; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 2: 28. 1898.

Plate V.

fig. 24.

Filaments 1.9 mic. in diameter, straight; sheaths delicate, hyaline, smooth; trichomes bluntly rounded at apices; cells i-i.S mic. in length; cell contents very pale steel color, or later in the season violet.
old

Minnesota. With other wooden tank as far up

algae,

as water line. Minneapolis.

forming a calcareous crust on sides of October 1895. (Til-

den).
218.

Lyngbya

subtilis

W. West. Algae
741. pi.
10.
f.

of the English
58.

Roy. Micr. Soc.

285. 1907.

1892.

De

Lake District. Journ. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 274. 1895.
Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904.
162.

Collins.

Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora.

10:

1908.

Filaments solitary and scattered; sheaths close, colorless; trichomes 1.5diameter, somewhat flexuous, free swimming; cells up to twice as long as their diameter; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.
1.8 mic. in

Myxophyceae
Maine. In
salt

113
water pools. Ragged Island, near Cape Elizabeth. (ColOn bed of stream in crater of Grande Soufriere, Hawaii. (Volz). Estate, Barbados. (Howard).
Schmidle. Algologische Notizen. IV. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 281. 1907.
et

West Dominica. Bay

lins).

Indies.

2ig.

Lyngbya
Nordstedt.

distincta (Nordstedt)

Allg. Bot. Zeit. 3: 58. 1897.

De

De
Sv.

Algis

Aquae Dulcis

de Characeis ex Insulis Sand-

vicensibus a

Berggren 1875
ii

reportatis. 4. 1878. (L.

martensiana

distincta
Filaments

Nordstedt).
t

Lemmermann.
z

Algenfl. Sandwich. -Inseln. Bot.

Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905. (L. k

1.8

in gi

distincta
first

(Nordst.) Lemm.).

mic. in diameter, at

attached, afterwards free; short,

straight or slightly curved; sheaths very thin, hyaline; apex of trichome not tapering, open; cells about equal to the diameter in length; cell contents delicately granular, blue-green.

Hawaii.
of Hawaii.

Among

filaments of

Pithophora

affinis. Hilo, Island

(Berggren). In ditches between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu. (Schauinsland). (Volz). Freshwater ditches, Punaluu, Hawaii. (Lauterbach).
220.

Lyngbya ochracea (Kuetzing) Thuret. Essai

Sci.

De
Collins.
stedt.

Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Nat. Bot. VI. i: 279. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 169. 1893. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 283. 1907.

Wittrock and NordAlgae of Middlesex County, 14. 1888. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Algae Aq. Dulc. no. 1169. 1893. Flora of Nebraska. 22. pi. 2. f. 20. 1894. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 68. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 235. 1895. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Bor.-Am. Ease. i. no. 4. 1895. Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the MetroTilden. American politan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of NorthAlgae. Cent. VI. no. 588. 1902. Collins. Phycologwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 187. 1903. Brown. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905. ical Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Algal Periodicity in certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr.. Bot. Club. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa 35: 247. 1908.

Acad.

Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Plate V.

fig.

25, 26.

Plant mass yellowish or ochre-yellow in color; -filaments very slender, less curved, fragile; sheaths at first thin, colorless, later becoming thicker and yellowish; trichomes .9 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; frequently interrupted; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells .6-.8 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated.

more or

Canada. Hanging in a thick, jelly-like, very fragile mass, from perpenbank of creek. Providence Cove, near Minnesota Seaside Station, Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. July 1901. (Leavitt). Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). On stonework of dam. Saugus. June 1890; Cascade, Middlesex Fells; on rocks in stream, Beaver Brook. (Collins). Connecticut. Stream below paper mill; Factory Pond; outlet of Parrott's Pond, October, November; buoyed up in nebulous masses in quiet waters.
dicular

114
Bridgeport,
ana.

Minnesota Algae
November
1894.

(Holden).

Pennsylvania. (Wolle).

Indi-

Edge

of water-works reservoir, Bloomington.

November

1906.

(Brown).

Minnesota. Floating in great abundance

in creeks and ditches. State Fish Iowa. "In the trough Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1894. (Tilden). of a flowing well. It is found very commonly in the waters in this locality that are laden with iron, the sheath becoming impregnated with this sub-

stance." (Buchanan).

Nebraska. Floating in

fragile,

ochraceous masses.

(Saunders).
221.

Lyngbya ferruginea
of Bot. 42: 292.
1907.

G. S. West.
pi. 464.
f.

20.

West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 283. 1904.
fig.

Plate V.

27-29.

Plant mass rust-colored; filaments 1.8-2.4 m'c. in diameter; thin, colorless, later becoming thicker and rust-colored; .8-.9 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, continuous; cylindrical and obtuse; calyptra none; cells 4-5 mic. in length; walls distinct, not granulated.
first

sheaths at trichomes
apical
cell

transverse

West

Indies.

Forming

yellow-brown ferrugininous stratum. Roseau

Valley, Dominica. (Howard).

222.

Lyngbya
cystees.
pi. 3.
f.

lutea (Agardh)
12, 13. 1893.

Gomont. Essai
4:

Class.

Nostocacees homo-

Morot. Journ. de Bot.

354.

1890;

Monogr.

Oscill.

161.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 275. 1907.

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 18. 1870-1877. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Crouan). Farlow. Marine Algae Rab.) Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Ph. Pike. Check List of New England. 35. 1881. (L. tenerrima Thur.). Wolle. Freshof Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Water Algae. U. S. 301. pi. 202. f. 20, 21. 1887. (L. Juliana Menegh.). Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of tlie New Jersey coast and Adjacent Waters of Wolle and Martindale. Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian 2: 608. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894; Preliminary Lists of New Collins, Holden England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. West. West Indian and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 8S4- 1901. Borgesen and Jonsson. Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905. II. Rhodora. 7: 222. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.

Maze and Schramm.

(Ph.

stragulum

juHanum

Plate V.

fig.

30, 31.

when

yellowish brown or olive, Plant mass somewhat drie'd often becoming dark violet; filaments coiled, flexible, densely entangled; sheaths colorless, smooth, at first thin, later becoming thick
gelatinous, leathery,

Myxophyceae
(3 mic.) at joints;

1 1

and lamellose; trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell showing a rotund calyp-

tra; cells 1.5-5.5 rnic- in length; transverse walls usually not distinct; cell

contents granular, olive green.

Maine. Near outlet of Long Pond. (Collins). Massachusetts. On sand-covered rocks. Gloucester. (Davis). Rhode Island. At base of cliflfs. Newport. (Farlow). On Enteromorpha intestinalis, in pool at high water mark. Easton's Point, Newport. August 1901. (Simmons). Connecticut. On woodwork between tidemarks, below Yellow Mill bridge; on turfy bottom, Seaside Park; among L. aestuarii, Cook's Point; on New York. sandy mud, Charles Island, May, July, October. (Holden). Shores of Long Island, Jamaica Bay, College Point. Summer. (Pike). Florida. (Smith). New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse). Alabama. Sandy soil, somewhat influenced by marine waters. (Wolle). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). On roots of mangroves in brackish swamp. Near Bridgetown, Barbados. (Howard).
223.

Lyngbya
2:

holdenii

De
(L.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 260.

1907.

Marine Algae. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 21. no. 1007. 1903; Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 24. no. 1 163. 1904. II. Rhodora. 7: 222. 1905.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of
42.

New England

Plants.

V.

Rhodora.

igoo.

sublilis Holden).

Collins,

Filaments attached by the middle to other algae, with free ends; thin, delicate; trichomes 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome cylindrical or somewhat tapering; apical cell rounded; cells 3-13 mic. in length; cell contents pale green.
sheaths

Maine.
chusetts.
1902.

MassaOn bark of piles. Blake's Point. July 1898. (Collins). On perpendicular and overhanging rocks. Marblehead Neck. June (Collins). On Enteromorpha. Magnolia. September 1903. (EarConnecticut. Seaside Park. December; attached to various marine

low).

algae, Bridgeport.
224.

(Holden).

Lyngbya
Syll.

digueti

Gomont

in

recueillies par

M. Riguet. Journ. de Hot.

Hariot. Algues du Golfe de Californie De Toni. 9: 169. 1895.

Algar. 5: 284. 1907.

Plant mass up to 2 mm. in thickness, caespitose, light green; filaments 2.5-3 mic. in diameter, very slender, twisted and entangled in basal portions, elongate, flexible, straight in upper portions; sheaths thin, colorless, papery; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund;
calyptra none; cells 1-3-7 mic- in length.

Lower
225.

California.

Adhering

to insects, in fresh water.

Near Santa Ger-

trudis. (Diguet).

Lyngbya

penicillata Kuetzing. Diagnosen und Oder kritischen Algen. Bot. Zeit. 194. 1847.

Bemerkungen zu neuen

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 291. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 274. 1895.

the

West

Indies.

Plant mass caespitose, dull blue-green; sheaths delicate, smooth, usually

ii6

Minnesota Algae

inconspicuous; trichomes 3.2-3.5 mic. in diameter, somewhat rigid, entangled and twisted into loose fascicles with penicillate apices; transverse walls

marked by

granules.

West
(Elliott).

Indies.

On

bed of stream

in crater of

Grande Soufriere, Dominica.

226.

Lyngbya aerugineo-caerulea (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr.

pi. 4.
f.

Oscill. 166.

1-3. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 281. 1907.

Jelliffe.

Preliminary List of the Plants

Setchell.

found

in

the

Ridgewood

Water Supply
4: 89. 1896.

of the City of Brooklyn, King's County, N. Y. Bull. Torr.

Hot. Club. 20: 243. 1893.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.
Soc.

Algae of the
Saunders.
Sci. 3:

West and West. A Further West Indies. Journ. Linn.

I. Erythea. Contribution to the Freshwater

Bot.

34:

289.

1898-1900.

The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. 398^ 1901.

no. 1058. 1903.

Univ.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Pub. Bot. i: 187. 1903. Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1355. 1907.
Calif.

Plate V.

fig.

32, 33.

Plant mass dull blue-green; filaments flexuous, fragile; sheaths colorless, firm, thin; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, the portion protruding from the sheath very straight; apex of trichome occasionally capitate; apical cell depressed conical or rotund, showing a slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2.3-3 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated; cell contents frequently coarsely granular.
Alaska. In a felt-like mass of filaments of a uc h e r i a. Juneau; in Massachupond on an island in the Muir Glacier. (Saunders). setts. Forming a blackish encrustation near the water line, in a stone drinking trough. Woburn. September 1905. (Collins). In swamp. Medford. Connecticut. Mt. Tom, Salisbury. (Setchell). August 1906. (Lambert). Ohio. Put-inNew York. Ridgewood Water supply, Brooklyn. (Jelliffe). Calif ornicu In an aquarium. Golden Gate Park, Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). West Indies. On San Francisco. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner). leaves in warm stream, road to Roseau Lake (2500 feet) on ground (2000300 feet) and in stream, crater of Grande Soufriere, Dominica. (Elliott).
a small
;

227.

Lyngbya cladophorae

n. sp.

Plate V.

fig.

34.

Plants epiphytic; filaments straight or sharply curved and twisted; .cheaths delicate; trichomes S-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund; transverse walls indistinct; cell contents homogeneous,
blue-green.

Hawaii. Growing on Cladophora Waipio Valley, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

228.

filaments,

in

mountain stream.

Lyngbya
f.

versicolor
1893.

(Wartman) Gomonl. Monogr.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 282. 1907.

Oscill.

167.

pi.

4.

4, 5.

De

Myxophyceae

17

Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 54. 1895. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern

America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 187. 1903. water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904.
Plate V.
fig.

West. West Indian Fresh-

35.

Plant mass at first adherent, afterwards free, lubricous, somewhat soft, rust-colored on the outside, olive green within; filaments long, twisted, closely entangled; sheaths up to 2 mic. in thickness, colorless, sometimes
ter,

mucous and agglutinated; trichomes 2.8-3.2 mic. in diamenot constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 2-6.4 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid, sometimes granulated.
yellowish, slightly

Alaska. Floating on a deep pool of fresh water. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. Massachusetts. Newton. (Collins). Connecticut. At first attached to stones, later rising in a verdigris-green mass. Shores of Lake

(Lawson).

Haven. October 1892. (Setchell). West Indies. On sides Marine Garden, Kingston, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).
Whitney,
of basin of a fountain.
229.

New

Ljmgbya

gracilis

(Meneghini) Rabenhorst.
Oscill. 144. pi.
2.
f.

Fl.

Gomont. Monogr.
5: 259. 1907.

20. 1893.

Eur. Algar. 2: 145. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Collins. Notes on New England Marine Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
Algae.

VII.

Bull.

England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 853.
Plate V.
fig.

Torr. Bot. Club. 23: 458. 1896; Preliminary Lists of

42. igoo.

New

Collins,

Holden

1901.

36.

violet,

Plant mass caespitose, extensive, dense, floccose, lubricous, purplish when dried often becoming colorless or dull yellow; filaments long, flexible, angular; sheaths close, smooth; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund, showing a slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2.8-4.6 mic. in length;
cell

contents finely granular, rose-colored.

Maine.

up on the beach.

Chaetomorpha
West
230.

other algae on a mooring buoy that had been hauled California. On Cape Rosier. July 1896. (Collins). aereaina pool. Pacific Beach. August 1901. (Snyder). Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).
Class. Nostocacees

Among

Lyngbya meneghiniana (Kuetzing) Gomont. Essai

homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot.
145. 1893.

4: 354.

1890;

Monogr.

Oscill.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 260. 1907.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905.

Plant mass up to i cm. in height, caespitose, fasciculate, mucous, dull blue-green; filaments long, somewhat straight, very flexible; sheaths thin, smooth; trichomes 6.5-8 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of

Ii8
trichome not tapering; apical
cell

Minnesota Algae
rotund, showing a slightly thickened outer contents finely granular, pale blue-

membrane;
green.

cells 2-4 mic. in length; cell

Hawaii.
231.

On

marine algae. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Oscill.
146. pi. 2.
f.

Lyngbya sordida (Zanardini) Gomont. Monogr.

21. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 260. 1907-

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Vickers. Liste Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (L. viol ace a Menegh.). des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. i: 55- iQOSPlate V.
fig.

37-

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in height, caespitose, fasciculate, dark or dull yellowish green, when dried usually dark violet; filaments straight, some-

what

rigid; sheaths

stricted at joints;

tra none; cells

smooth; trichomes 14-31 mic. in diameter, evidently conapex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyp4-10 mic. in length; cell contents frequently showing scat-

tered coarse granules, olive greeg.

West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). Maxwell. (Vickers). Forma bostrychicola (Crouan) Gomont. c. 146. Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe.
1.

26.

1870-1877.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Crouan). Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
(L.

bostrychicola

Trichomes 14-20 mic.

in

diameter; cells up to 10 mic. in length.

West
232.

Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).

(C.
1842.

Lyngbya semiplena
et Adriatici.
11.

Agardh) J. Agardh. Algae maris Mediterranei Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 158. pi. 3. f. 7-11.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 273. 1907. 1893. Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1865. (L. sordida Crouan). Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues GuadeWolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. (Ph. congestum Rabenh.) Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 3S. i88i. (L. luteo-fusca Ag.) Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Bennett. Plants .of Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Rhode Island. 95. 1888. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (L. luteo-fusca Ag. and L. schowiana Kg.) Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters Wolle and Martinof Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. dale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. i. no. 5. 1895. Bessey, Pound England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. TJniv. Calif. Pub.
loupe. 21. 1870-1877.
138. 6:

1877.

Myxophyceae
i:

up
Collins,

187. 1903.

Holden and

1059. 1903. 1905.

Lemmermann.
Notes on

Collins.

Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. Algae.VII. Rhodora. 8: 123. 1906. Collins,

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora. 10: 162.
Plate V.

Fasc. 30. no. 1452. 1908.

1908.
fig.

Collins.

38.

Plant mass rarely beyond 3 cm. in height, caespitose, extensive, mucous, usually dull yellowish green or dark green, becoming dark violet when dried;
filaments ascending from a decumbent and tangled base, soft, flexuous; sheaths up to 3 mic. in thickness, colorless, somewhat mucous, lamellose v>rith age; trichomes 5-12 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex
of trichome slightly tapering, capitate; apical cell showing a depressed conical or rotund calyptra; cells 2-3 mic. in length; transverse walls frequentlv granulated.

Maine. Growing in a rock'pool reached only by the highest tides. Cape Rosier. July i8go; shore near Seal Harbor; in salt water pools. Ragged Island, near Cape Elizabeth. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins).
Massachusetts. Wood's Holl. (Farlow). Mystic River salt marshes.. (ColForming light yellow expansions on sandy shore at low water mark. Little Harbor, Wood's Hole. August 1894. (Setchell). Rhode Island. (Bennett, Collins). Connecticut. Growing in large patches on stones and woodwork between tidemarks. Stonington. (Bailey). Noank. (Farlow). New York. Shores of Long Island, Coney Island Creek. Summer. (Pike). New Jersey. Hudson, Hoboken. (Pike). On wharves beNebraska. In pond. South tween tide marks. Atlantic City. (Martindale). Washington. Salt marsh. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Bend. (Bessey). California. Pacific Beach. (Snyder). Mexico. Near Vera Cruz. (Muller). Hawaii. Attached to rocks in tide West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). pool filled at high tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden). On marine algae. Laysan. (Schauinsland).
1ms). Falmouth. (Nott).
233.

Lyngbya confervoides
ogr. Oscill. 156. pi.
1907.

C.
3.

Agardh. Syst. Algar.

f.

73. 1824.

Gomont. Mon-

S,

6.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 271.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 102. pi. 47. c. 1858. (L. Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues GuadeHarv.). loupe. 31, 81. 1865. (Leibleinia littoralis Crouan, L. c a e r u 1 e oMaze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeviolacea Crouan). loupe. 21, 23, 26, 28, 30. 1870-1877. (L. c a e r u 1 e o-v o 1 a c e a Crouan, L. littoralis Crouan, Lyngbya cyanea Crouan, L. rufescens Farlow. Crouan, L. r u b r o-v i o a c e a forma crassior Crouan). list of Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875; Marine Farlow, AnderAlgae of New England. 35. 1881. (L. 1 u t e o - f u s c a Ag.). Pike. Check List of son and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor-Exsicc. no. 48. 1876. Martindale. Marine Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889.

nigrescens

Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot.

27: 261. 1889. (L.

cyanea

I20
Crouan).
1897.

Minnesota Algae
Collins,

Holden and Setdhell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 255. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.V. Marine Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Colthe Reported Flora of the State. Hot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23, no. 1106. 1903.
Collins.
lins.

Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. I. Rhodora. 7: 172. ipoSVickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich. -Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. i: 55- ipoS1905.

Collins.

Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora.

Plate V.
fig.

10: 160. 1908.

39.

Plant mass about 5 cm. in height, caespitose, extended, fasciculate, mucous, dull yellowish or dark green, when dried becoming violet; filaments ascending from a decumbent and tangled base, long, straight, somev/hat rigid; sheaths up to S mic. in thickness, colorless, later becoming lamellose and roughened on the surface; trichomes 9-25 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls usually granulated; cell 'contents olive or blue-green.

Maine. Salt marsh. Stover's Point, South Harpswell. (Collins.) MassaCommon on Z o s t e r a. Summer. Wood's Holl. (Farlow). GlouRhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On rocks and cester. (Davis). iron work. Stratford Shoals Light, Long Island Sound, near Bridgeport. New York. Sea shores or mud. Canarsic Bay, October 1891. (Holden). Long Island; on leaves of Z o s t e r a, Peconic Bay. (Hooper, Harvey). Prince's Bay, Staten Island; Canarsie, Bay Ridge, Long Island. (Pike). Florida. On sand-covSouth Carolina. Charleston. (Farlow, Gibbes). ered rocks of a jetty, littoral. Anastasia Island. October 1902. (Howe). Nebraska. In culture from salt basin. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and ClemHavraii. (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). ents).
chusetts.

Forma

violacea Collins.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.
5: 703.

Am. Acad.

Arts

Sci. 37: 240. 1901.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.

Cell contents violet.

West
234.

Indies.

Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica. July

1900.

(Pease and Butler).

Lyngbya

aestuarii (Mertens) Liebman. Bemerkninger og Tillag til den danske Algeflora. Kroyers Tidskrift. 492. 1841. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 147. pi. 3.
f.

I, 2.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 262. 1907.

III.
102.
pi.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part

(L.
f e r r

47.

B, F. 1858.

gin

e a

C.

Ag., L.

fulva

Harv.).

Schramm and Maze.

FarEssai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1865. (L. congesta Crouan). low. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae. Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 176. 1877.

WoUe. Fresh Water

olivaceum
Water Algae.

Rab.).

Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. (Ph. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc.

no. 282. 1879. (L.

aestuarii aeruginosa

Wolle).
(L.

WoUe. Fresh
Ag.).

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879.

aeruginosa

Wolle. Fresh Water Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 34. 1881. Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882.

Myxophyceae
Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13:
105.
f.

12
1886. 1887.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae

Hay and Mackay. Li^t of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, with Notes. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 5: 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 188. (L. obscura Kg., L. interrupta Kg.). Collins. Algae of Middlesex
U.
S. 296. pi. 200.
f.

11-16, pi. 202.

I, 2.

Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888; Algae from Atlantic Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. of Plants found in New Jersey. Gaol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608, 610. 1889. (Also L. obscura WoUe and O. 1 i 1 1 o r a 1 i s Carm.) Murray. Catalogue of
County. City, N.
14. 1888;
J. Bull.

the Marine Algae of the (Also L.

West Indian Region.

Crouan).
f.

compacta

Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta.

Collins. Algae.

Flora of Nebraska. Redfield's Flora of

of
Studies,

21, 22. pi. 2.

25, 26. 1894.

Rand and

Mount Desert

Island, Maine. 247. 1894.

Tilden. List

Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. i: 31. 1894. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. I. no. 6. 1895. Tilden. Collecfion of Algae from the Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Collins. The Algae of American Algae. Cent. V. no. 488. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. l: 186, 187. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1255. 1905. I. Rhodora. 7: 172. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. 1905.

Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich. -Inseln. Bot. Bot. VIII. i: 45. 1905. Collins. Notes on Algae. VII. Rhodora. 8: 123. 1906. Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Collins.

Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora.

Plate V.

10: 160, 162. 1908.

40, 41-

fig.

Plant'

on moist

earth, or a floccose

mass widely expanded, mass

either

forming a compact woolly layer

floating in water, blackish or dull blue-

green; filaments long, flexible, (sometimes branched), strongly twisted and densely crowded, or moderately flexuous or somewhat straight and loosely entangled, sometimes forming erect fascicles in inundated places; sheaths
first colorless, thin, smooth, later becoming thick, roughened on the surface, lamellose, yellowish or brownish, with layers of different colors; trichomes 8-24 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering and capitate, truncate, rarely somewhat acute conical;

at

apical cell

showing a

slightly thickened outer

membrane;

cells 2.7-5.6 mic.

blue-green or olive. in length; cell contents finely granular,

Canada. Forming patches on other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Maine. Very common in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle; occasional near Seal Harbor; salt marsh, Stover's Point, South Harpswell; in salt water pools. Ragged New Hampshire. (Collins). Island, near Cape Elizabeth. (Collins). Massachusetts. In quite fresh water, in old claypit. West Cambridge. August
Island. (Faull). In brackish pond. Pictou Harbor. (Mackay).

122

Minnesota Algae

190S; common in salt marshes. (Collins). Abundant in summer in shallow, brackish pools, covering exposed algae and Z o s t e r a. Gloucester. (Davis). Rhode Island. Pocasset, Neutakonkanut. (Bennett, Collins). Connecticut. Stonington. (Farlow). On the granite masses composing the breakwater at Stonington. (Bailey). Abundant in quiet brackish water, often forming feltlike sheets. Bridgeport,- Cook's Point, Fresh Pond, June, July, September, October. (Holden). In a brackish pool beside the Thames River. Norwich.

New York. Shores of Long Island, Fort 1892. (Setchell). Hamilton, Bay Ridge. Summer. (Pike). New Jersey. In pools of moist earth subject to inundations from flowing tides; in ponds and pools in salt water marshes, Perth Amboy, Absecon. (Wolle). Brackish ditches at Hoboken. (Bailey). Common on marshes on floating eel-grass. Atlantic City. (Morse). In salt marshes about Newark Bay. (Pike). In salt ditches. Pennsylvania. In small ponds. (Wolle). Cape May. (Martindale). Iowa. In pond amid bladderMinnesota. Gull Lake. July 1893. (Tilden). Nebraska. In lakes and ponds in the wort. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). eastern part of the state; in mineral water, Lincoln, Franklin. (Saunders). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). Near Bridgetown; Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard). In mats on stones. Kingston, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Port Antonio, Jamaica. July 1891. (Pease and Butler). Near KingsHawaii. In ditches between Honolulu and ton, Jamaica. (Duerden).
September
Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-97. (Schauinsland). Forming a skin growing closely Laie Point, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilattached to sand on rock. den).

Forma
Collins,

limicola

Gomont.

1.

c.

149.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

265.
19.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no. 903. 1902;

Fasc. 29. no. 1402. 1907.

Plants living on damp soil, subject to inundation; plant mass pannose, compact, somewhat thin; filaments densely crowded and strongly twisted.

a salt marsh.

On

Massachusetts. Forming thin, black continuous sheets on the mud of Washington. Bay Shore, Eastham. August 1907. (Collins). mud in a salt marsh. Snakalum Point, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

Forma natans Gomont.

and Annual for
Collins,

1.

c. 149.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

265.

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 489. 1901.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

19.

no. 904. 1902.

Plant mass covered with water, at first attached to wet earth, later floating; filaments long, moderately flexuous or somewhat straight, loosely
entangled.

Washington. Floating among R u p p i a in Whidbey Island. June 1901. (Gardner). masses, floating in lagoon formed at mouth of
coast of

salt water pond. West Hawaii. In dirty tangled river. Kealia River, Kauai.

July 1900. (Tilden).

Forma symplocoides Gomont. Monogr.

5: 265.

Oscill. 149. 1893.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

1907-

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

21. no. 1009.

1903.

Myxophyceae

123

at the base,

Plant mass not covered with water; filaments decumbent and entangled above forming erect, densely coalesced fascicles.

Massachusetts.

On

muddy

shore near high water mark. Mattapoisett.

September

1902. (Collins).

Forma
5: 265. 1907.

ferruginea Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 150. 1893.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part

III.

102.

pi.

47 B. 1858. (L.

ferruginea
Lower
St.

Ag.).

Kemp.

classified List of i860. 1675.

Algae U.

S.

Lawrence. Can. Nat. and Geol. 5: 30. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380.

Marine Algae from the Farlow. List Marine

Plant mass dark brown; sheaths thick, lamellose, more or less intensely yellowish-brown.

Canada.

(Kemp).

On top of rocks near low water mark. Lower St. New York. On muddy shores, in tide pools and
Salt ditches at

Lawrence.
floating in

ditches of salt or brackish water near the sea.

High Bridge. (Harvey).

ley).

Harlem River, close to the Hoboken and near Greenport. (Bai-

(Ag.) Wolle in Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 282. 1879. Gomont. 1. c. 150. 1893. De Toni. 1. c. 265.
Tilden. American Al'gae. Cent. VI. no. 586. 1902.
Setchell. Phyc.
Collins,

Greenport, Long Forma aeruginosa

Island. (Farlow).

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

19.

no. 902. 1902.

Plant mass dark blue-green; sheaths somewhat thin, colorless.

Nev? Jersey. On ground or in brackish ditches. August 1878. (Wolle). Washington. Floating in a salt water pond. West coast of Whidbey Island. Hawaii. In shallow water of taro patch forming June 1900. (Gardner). s bright blue-green continuous layer. Near Hauula Court House, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).
235-

Lyngbya majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey

part
I.

in

Hooker. English Flora.

3.
f.

5:

370. 1833.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 151. pi.

3,

4.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 268. 1907.

Maze Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. loi. pi. 47 A. 1858. Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 15, 22, 23, 24, 25. 1870-1877. (Also O. corallicola Crouan, L. 1 u t e o-f u s c a Crouan, L. showiana Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Crouan, L. rigidissima Crouan. Hall. List of the Marine Algae Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Dickie. growing in Long Island Sound. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 112. 1876. Supplemental Notes on Algae collected by H. N. Moseley, M. A., of H.
and Schramm. Essai M.
S.

Challenger, from various Localities. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 489.

Pike. Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 34. pi. i. f. 4- 1881. Hay 1886. Club. Bot. 105. Torr. 13: Bull. Algae. Marine List of Check and Mackay. List of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, Moebius. Ueber einige in with Notes. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 5: 1887.
1S77.

gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 246. Hauck. Meeresalgen von Puerto-Rico. Bot. Jahrb. 9: 470. 1888. Collins. Algae from Atlantic Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 95- 1888. Murray. Catalogue of 1888. 310. Club. 15: Bot. Bull. Torr. City, N.
Portorico
1888.
J.

the Marine Algae of the

West Indian Region.

Journ. of Bot. 27: 261.

124

Minnesota Algae

(Also L. erosa Liebm., L. anguina Mont.). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 90. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with Notes. Zoe. 2: 218. 1891.
Collins,
lins.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
Plants.

Preliminary Lists of

New England

West and West. A 2: 42. 1900. Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 492. 1901. Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII.
i:

Marine Algae. Rhodora. Further Contribution to the Freshwater

V.

5.

no. 202. 1896.

Col-

SS.

1905-

Plate V.

fig.

42.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in length, widely expanded, dark blue, dark blue-green, brownish or yellowish green; filaments very long, often curled,

sometimes rolled in a circinate manner, rarely moderately fiexuous; sheaths up to II mic. in thickness, colorless, later becoming very thick and roughened on the outside; trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell' rotund; calyptra none;
cells 2-4 mic. in length;

transverse walls not granulated;

cell

contents finely

granular, dull green, gray or lead-colored.

Canada. Pictou Harbor. (Mackay). Floating tufts, attached to other Zostera. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Wood's Hole; during the later summer months forming large tufts upon Zostera and various algae and often found floating free. Cape Cod. (Farlow). Washed ashore in large entangled masses. Wood's Hole. August 1894. (Setchell). Rhode Island. Connecticut. (Hall). Providence. (Olney). (Collins). New York. Canarsie, College Point, Long Island. Summer. (Pike). Long Island Sound. New Jersey. Newark Bay, Hudson (Bailey). Peconic Bay. (Hooper). River. (Pike). On eel-grass. Atlantic City. (Morse). Cape May. (MartinFlorida. Key West. (Farlow, Harvey, Ashmead). California. On dale). Mexico. (Liebman). BermuZ o s t e r a. Southern coasts. (Anderson). West Indies. (Hohenhacker). das. (Rein). In shallow water. (Dickie). Guadeloupe. (Maze). Grenada. (Murray). In warm springs. Los Baiios, near Coamo; in river near Cayey; in Caguitas River, near Caguas, Porto Rico. i88s. (Sintenis). Forming a film on marine algae. Port Antonio, Jamaica. July 1891 (Pease and Butler) and March 1803 (Humphrey). Forming extensive tufts on muddy bottom, near the mouth of a small stream. Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Shallow bays, AnguilHawaii. Epiphytic on other algae, at la. (Elliott). Barbados. (Vickers). low tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden).
algae or to
236.

Lyngbya martensiana Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae.

1837.

12.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 163. pi.

3. f. 17.

1893.

De
31.

Toni. Syll.

Algar. S: 279. 1907.

Schramm and Maze.

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe.

i86s.

(L.

Myxophyceae

125

arachnoiidea

Maze and Schr.amm. Essai Class. Algues Crouan). Guadeloupe. 28. 1870-1877. (L. t h e r m a 1 is Crouan). Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 490. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 166. 1902. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Al^gae from Guatemala. 42: 291. 1904. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. i.
no. 637. 1909.
j

Plate V.

fig. 43.

Plant mass caespitose, blue-green,

filaments
long,

when

dried often becoming violet;

sheaths Colorless, becoming thickened and roughened with age; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering, not capitate, apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 1.7-3.3 mic. in length; transverse walls inconspicuous or marked by protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blueflexuous,
flexible;

somewhat

green.

Central America. On stems of S c i r p u s, dead or dying. Lake AmatitWest Indies. Guadeloupe. Guatemala. January 1906. (Kellerman). (Maze and Schramm). Near Bridgetown; Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados. Hawaii. On twigs under dripping water. Falls four miles (Howard).
lan,

from mouth

of river.

Waialuka River, Hilo. July

1900.

(Tilden).

Var. calcarea Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 178. 1896; Some new .species of Minnesota Algae which live in a calcareous or silicious matrix. Bot. Gaz. 23: loi. pi. 9. f. 4. 1897; List of fresh-water Algae collected in

Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898. MacMilDe Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 280. lan. Minnesota Plant Life. 30. f. 8, 10. 1899.
1907.

Plate V.

fig. 44-

Plant mass forming extended strata throughout upper portions of

cal-

careous deposit; filaments 6.S-7-5 mic. in diameter, straight, flexible, somewhat unequal in size; sheaths very distinct, colorless, smooth or rough;

trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, frequently interrupted; apex of trichome not or very rarely tapering; cells about 2.5 mic. violet or rarely brown. in length; cell contents dull blue-green, encrustation which covers sides lime the of part Forming a Minnesota. of wooden tank. Minneapolis. October 1895. (Tilden).
237.

Lyngbya
otiques.

putealis

Montagne. 2e
Nat. Bot.
14- 1893f.

centurie de Plantes cellulaires exII.

Ann.

Sci.
3.

13:

200.

1840.

Gomont. Monogr.
5: 277. 1907.
31.

Oscill. 163. pi.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Leibleinia torta Crouan, Lyngbya arachnoidea Crouan, Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues L putealis minor). Guadeloupe. 28, 30, 31- 1870-1877. (Also L. rufescens Crouan, L. b icolor Crouan, L. torta Crouan, L. fusca Crouan, L. font ana

Schramm and Maze. Essai

Class.

Algues Guadeloupe.

1865.

(Also

126
Crouan, L.

Minnesota Algae

fontana crassior
Am. Acad. Arts

Crouan).
1901.

Collins.

The Algae

of

Jamaica. Proc.

Sci. 37: 240.

fig.

Plate V.

4S.

Plant mass up to
penicillate,

dm.

in length, caespitose,

widely expanded, elongate,

at the base, above straight, parallel, sheaths colorless, thin, papery; trichomes 7.5-13 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3-10 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated; cell contents granular, blue or blue-green.
rigid;

sometimes becoming dark more or less flexuous and entangled

violet or black; filaments very long,

West

Indies.

(Maze and Schramm). Morant Bay, Jamaica. July

1900.

(Pease and Butler).

238.

Lyngbya major Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae.

Gomont. Monogr.
Algar.
5: 279. 1907.

12. 1837.

Oscill.

164.

pi.

3.

f.

15.

1893.

De

Toni.

SylK

WoUe. Fresh Water

ray. Catalogue of the

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879.

Mur-

Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the ReBot. 27: 261. 1889. West. West ported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904.
Plate V.
fig.

46.

Filaments caespitose, elongate, straight, rigid, dark green; sheaths colorthick, lamellose, roughened; trichomes 11-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering, somewhat capitate; apical cell showing a slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2-3.4 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell contents dark blue-green.
less,

Florida. St.

Lucia River. (Smith).

West Indies. (Bessey, Pound and Clements). Morant Bay, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
(Howard).
239.

Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. Guadeloupe. (Maze). Bay Estate, Barbados.

Lyngbya

spirulinoides

Gomont. Essai
4: 355.

Class.

Nostocacees homocystees.
Oscill.
166.
pi.
3.
f.

Morot. Journ. de Bot.

18, 19. 1893.

1890;

Monogr.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 287. 1907.

Bessey,

Pound and Clements. Additions

Calif.

State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901.

to the Reported Flora of the Setchell and Gardner. Algae of

i:

Northwestern America. Univ.

Pub. Bot.
fig.

187. 1903.

Plate V.

47.

forming a Plant mass regular loose spiral throughout the whole or a portion of their length, or sometimes straight throughout; distance between turns of spiral 73-108 mic; sheaths colorless, thin, somewhat mucous, not lamellose; trichomes
floating, olive green; filaments entangled, fragile,

14-16 mic.

in

tapering;

apical

diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3.4-6.8 mic. in length;

Myxophyceae
transverse walls sometimes

127

marked by

fine granules;

cell

contents some-

what homogeneous or
Nebraska.

finely granular, pale blue-green.

On

moist earth. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clements).

algae.

Washington. Floating among various filamentous

Seattle. (Gardner).
240.

Lake Washington,

Lyngbya arachnoidea Kuetz.

Algar. s: 266. 1907.

Sp.

Algar. 282.

1849.

De

Toni. Syll.

Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1865. Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 28. 1870-1877. Plant mass dark green, becoming brownish or sometimes reddish;
filaments 15-19 mic. in diameter, flexible, loosely entangled; sheaths colorless, transparent; trichomes 12.5 mic. in diameter, interrupted in lower portions; cells very short; cell contents granular, olive or blue-green.

West

Indies. In stagnant water. (Schomburgk).

Species not well understood.

241.

Lyngbya

bicolor

Wood. Prodromus

of

a study of the fresh-water

124. 1869;
f.

Algae of eastern North America. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 11: Cont. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 22. pi. i.

7.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 290.

1907.

Plant mass a blackish or bluish-green mat; filaments variously curved, closely interwoven, simple; sheaths firm, transparent, in old filaments moderately thick; trichomes sometimes constricted at joints, often interrupted;
cells short; transverse walls usually

not visible;

cell

contents mostly very

granular, light blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Forming dark waving tufts, a half-inch or more in height, adherent to bottom of stream, or to plants, sticks, etc. In shallow water of the Schuylkill River, near Spring Mills, Philadelphia. (Wood).
242.

caeruleo-violacea Crouan in Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 38. 1865. Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 21. 1870-1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 292. 1907. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.

Lyngbya

Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

"Filamentis 1/2-1 cm. longis, in flocculos basim ad chordae ad instar breviorconvolutis, apice liberis, articulis subtiliter granulatis, diam. s-plo violaceo-albido." ibus; strato siccitate

West
243.

Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).

fluitans

Lyngbya

Hering in Krauss. Pflanzen des Cap- und Natalund zusammengestellt. Flora. 215. 1846. De gesammelt Landes,
5: 290. 1907.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.

Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

caespitem tripollicarem laxe "Fills aeruginosis, tenuissimis, flaccidis, in

implicatis."

West

Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).

128
244.

Minnesota Algae
Lyngbya hyalina Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part
47 G. 1858.
III. 104. pi.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 293. 1907.

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. (Microcoleus Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of hyalinus (Kg.) Kirchn.). the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
1875.

Plant mass forming indefinite, very soft and somewhat gelatinous contufts or pilose strata; filaments attached by their bases, erect, straight, very slender, arachnoid, gelatinous-membranaceous, flaccid; transverse walls visible in older plants; cell contents granular, very pale yellowish green or nearly colorless.
tinuous

Rhode
rocks.
245.

Island.

Davisville.

(Bennett).

Florida.

On

lime encrusted

Key West. (Harvey).

pusilla

Lyngbya
pi.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part

III.

103.

47 E. 1858.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 293. 1907.

S.

Farlow. List Marine Algae U.

Plant mass
minute,

Proc.

Am. Acad. Arts

filaments

Sci. 10: 380. 1875.

blackish

green;

very

slender,

short,

crisped, spreading in small bundles; sheaths very thin, colorless; transverse

walls distinct; cell contents pale dull green. South Carolina. Parasitic on small algae. Sullivan's Island. (Harvey).
246.

Lyngbya rubra Crouan

Guadeloupe.
29.

in

1870-1877.

Maze and Schramm. Essai De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

Class.

Algues

293. 1907.

"Filamentis tenuissimis, in stratus maculiformes vel fasciculatos ad cm. longos consociatis, apice obtusis; articulis subquadratis, contentu subrubro
repletis."

West
247.

Indies. Guadeloupe.

(Maze and Schramm).

in

Lyngbya rubro-violacea Crouan

Algues Guadeloupe.
1907.
29.

Maze and Schramm.

1870-1877.

De

Essai Class. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 293.

"Filamentis in fasciculos penicillatos, plus minusve in spiram convolutos, 1-2 cm. longos conjunctis; articulis subquadratis, contentu violaceoobscuro, aetate provecta rubro."

West

Indies.

On

madrepores. Guadeloupe. (Maze and Schramm).

Genus

SYMPLOCA

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 201. 1843.

Filaments branched, ascending from a prostrate base, agglutinated together in erect or anastomosing fascicles, or wick-like bundles, more or less procumbent, coalescing; false branches solitary; sheaths thin, colorless, firm
or somewhat mucous; apex of trichome straight, sometimes a little tapering; outer membrane of apical cell slightly thickened in some species.
I.
I.

Plants living in salt water.

Fascicles erect
(i)

Plant mass blackish green; trichomes 4-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints throughout entire length S. atlantica

Myxophyceae
(2)

129

Plant mass dull or dark lead-colored; Irichomes 6-14 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints near apices S. hydnoides
appressed;

2.

Fascicles

trichomes

1.5-3-5

mic.

in

diameter,

especially

constricted at joints
II.
1.

S. laete-viridjs

Plants living on moist earth, or in fresh or hot water.

Trichomes
(i)

1-3 mic. in

diameter
1.2-2

Plant mass deep blue-green; trichomes

mic.

sometimes constricted
(2)

at joints

S.
1.5-2.5

in diameter, thermalis

Plant mass compact, fibrous; trichomes not constricted at joints

mic. in diameter,

S.

dubia

(3)

Plant mass blue-green, changing to brown; trichomes 2-3 mic, in diameter S. fuscescens
in diameter

2.

Trichomes 3-8 mic.

(i)

Fascicles short, erect, spine-shaped; trichomes 3.4-4 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells somewhat quadrate or shorter than the diameter S. muralis Fascicles tapering
cillate

(2)

from a broad base to a loose, somewhat peniapex; trichomes 5.6 mic. in diameter; cells a little longer than their diameter, after division shorter S. borealis
trichomes
5-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells

(3)

Fascicles elongate, usually procumbent, spine-shaped;

quadrate or longer than the diameter

348.

S.
129.

somewhat muscorum
pi.
2.
f.

Symploca

atlantica

Gomont. Monogr.
5: 302. 1907.

Oscill.

5.

1893.

De
Collins,

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

28. no.

1356. 1907.

Plant mass fasciculate-caespitose, blackish green; fascicles up to i cm. in height, erect; filaments very densely entangled, free, unbranched; strongly and angularly twisted; sheaths thin, firm; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints throughout entire length; outer membrane of apical cell thickened into a depressed conical calyptra; cells 2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls conspicuous, pellucid, not granulated; cell contents scarcely granular, greenish yellow.
California. On ground moistened by Alameda. November 1905. (Gardner).
249.
salt water.

Bay Farm

Island, near

Symploca hydnoides Kuetzing. Spec. Algar.

ogr. Oscill. 126. pi.
2.
f.

272. 1849.

Gomont. Mon5: 300. 1907.

1-4. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Schramm and Maze.

t

hydrurimorpha Crouan, O. symplocariMurray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West o i d e s Crouan). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 203. 1895. England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900; Phycological Vickers. Liste Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 222. 1905. des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. i: 55. 1903.

Crouan). ill loupe. 18. 1870-1877. (O.

arum

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865. (S. a nMaze and Schrjmim. Essai Class. Algues Guade-

^3

Minnesota Algae

Plant mass fasciculate-caespitose, dull, rarely dark lead-colored; fasup to 3 cm. in height, erect, spine-shaped, often lighter colored at base on account of empty sheaths; filaments very densely entangled, somewhat agglutinated, sometimes branched, unequally and angularly twisted; shtaths thin, somewhat mucous; trichomes 6-14 mic. in diameter, often constricted at joints near the apices; apical cell slightly inflated; calyptra none; cells 5-14 mic. in length; transverse walls usually indistinct; cell contents granular, blue-green.
cicles

Massachusetts. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. In Yellow Mill Pond. August, (flolden). New York. Forming extended patches on mud left bare at low tide in the bottom of a creek. Cold spring

Harbor. July 1895. (Johnson). Var. genuina Gomont. 1. c.

Collins, Collins.

West
127.

Indies. Guadeloupe.

(Maze).
no. 905. 1902.
1901.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
equal to or

19.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.
in diameter;

Am. Acad. Arts

Sci. 37: 240.

Trichomes 6-8 mic.

the diameter.

cells

somewhat longer than

Washington. Growing on old logs

June
1901.

(Gardner).

small patches, 1900. (Pease and Butler).

in a small cove. Whidbey Island. West Indies. On rocks in shallow water, in not abundant. Montego Bay and Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica.

Var. fasciculata (Kuetz.) Gomont.

1.

c.

127.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

302.

Farlow. Marine Algae of

Kuetz.).
240.
1 90 1.

England. 184. 1881. (S. fasciculata Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37:
in diameter; cells scarcely as

New

Trichomes 8-14 mic.

long as the diameter.

Rhode Island. On rocks between tide marks. Newport. (Farlow). West Indies. Montego Bay and Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica. (Pease and
Butler).
250.

Symploca

laete-viridis

Gomont. Monogr.
oi

Oscill. 129. pi. 2.

f.

6-8. 1893.

De
Pub. Bot.
1
:

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 302. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae

188. 1903.

Northwestern America. Univ.

fig.

Calif.

Plate V.

SO.

green or yellowish; fascicles up to 1 mm. in height, slender, appressed to substratum; filaments moderately flexuous, somewhat parallel, agglutinated, not branched; sheaths wide, somewhat mucous; trichomes 1. 5-3. 5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; apical cell conical; calyptra none; cells 2.5-6 mic. in length; cell
fibrillose, light

Plant mass thin,

contents not granular, light green. Alaska.

(Setchell).
251.

On

Florida.

mud-covered rocks near the upper tide limit. Key West, Gulf of Mexico. (Farlow).

St.

Michael.

Symploca thermalis (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr.

f.

Oscill.

134.

pi.

2.

IS, 16. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 307. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 294. 1898; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 98. pi. 9. f. 14. 1898. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 14. no. 652. 1900.

Myxophyceae
Plate V.
fig.

131
SI.

Plant mass fasciculate-caespitose, widely expanded, dark blue-green; fascicles up to i mm. in height, erect, approximate, somewhat thick; filaments sometimes branched, fragile, twisted and densely entangled at the base, above parallel, curled, closely crowded; sheaths very thin, sometimes mucous; trichomes 1.2-2 mic. in diameter, here and there constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none, cells 1.7-S mic. in length; transverse walls inconspicuous, sometimes marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents homogeneous, rarely slightly
granular, pale blue-green.

ditch.

Canada. Forming extensive layers or knob-like masses on bottom of Natural Sulphur Springs, Banflf, Alberta. August 1897. (Tilden). New York. Adhering to bricks and stones in hot water from condensers of steam engines of the water works. Schenectady. June 1893. (Holden).
252.

Symploca dubia (Naegeli) Gomont. Monogr.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 308.

Oscill.

135.

1893.

De

1907.
fig.

Plate V.

52.

Plant mass compact, fibrous, widely expanded, fasciculate on the surface, yellowish, blue-green or gray, sometimes reddish on the surface, lighter colored within on account of empty sheaths; filaments coiled, entangled at the base, forming parallel fascicles; sheaths somewhat thick, firm, irregular in outline; trichomes 1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3-8 mic. in length; transverse walls inconspicuous, sometimes marked by two granules; cell contents showing protoplasmic granules arranged in lines, pale blue-green.

Mexico. (Miiller).
253.

Symploca fuscescens (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst.

1865.

Fl.

Eur. Algar.

2:

153.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 307.

1907.
6: 283. 1879;

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.

Fresh-

Water Algae U.

S. 304. pi. 205.

f.

8-12. 1887.

Plant mass blue-green, changing to brown; fascicles mucous, penicilla^fSV'iKe apex, obtuse; filaments agglutinated; sheaths mucous, scarcely iijjicUOtt'S;'- tells somewhat quadrate; cell contents homogeneous or finely |1fla^?^a)e' olive or yellowish blue-green.

^h^ylvania. "Diameter
254.

of trichomes 2-3

mic.''

(Wolle).

Symploca muralis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

Oscill. 132. pi.
2.
f.

201.

1843.

Gomont. Monogr.

10.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 304. 1907.

England. Bull. Torr. Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896.
Setchell.

Notes on some Cyanophyceae of

New

Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895.

Collins. Flora of the Blue Hills,

Plate V.

fig.

53-

Plant mass continuous, widely expanded, shaggy, dark lead-colored; fascicles up to 2 mm. in height, spine-shaped, somewhat thick, erect; filarr.ents elongate, twisted, irregularly entangled, closely crowded, decumbent

132

Minnesota Algae

at the base, ascending in less flexuous, somewhat parallel fascicles, not branched; sheaths thin, firm, somewhat mucous below; trichomes 3.4-4 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering; apical cell obtuse conical; calyptra none; cells 1.5-4 mic. in length; transverse walls hardly visible, not granulateil.

Massachusetts. Forming minute green, plush-like patches on ground. Connecticut. Occurring Near Black Rock, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). abundantly on flower pots in greenhouse. New Haven. (Setchell).
255.

Symploca borealis Rabenhorst.

Toni. SylL Algar. 5: 309. 1907.

Fl.

Eur.

Algar.

2:

156.

1865.

De

up to

Plant mass fasciculated, bright bluish or blue-green; fascicles 6-8 mm. 2.5 cm. in height, tapering from a broad lamelliform base up to a loose, somewhat penicillate apex; filaments 7-10 mic. in diameter, loosely agglutinated by a colorless' mucus; sheaths close, sometimes swollen, homogeneous, very smooth, colorless, often empty in upper portions; trichomes S-6 mic. in diameter, somewhat equal, slightly curved, erect, somewhat parallel, entangled, rarely interrupted; cells a little longer than their diameter, after division shorter; cell contents granular, bright bluegreen.

Greenland.
(Breutel).
256.

On Bartramia

ithyp h y

1 1

and

B.

on

a n

a.

Symploca muscorum (Agardh)

130. pi.
2.
f.

Gomont. Essai
4: 354.

Class.

Nostocacees
Oscill.

homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot.

9.

1890;

Monogr.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 303. 1907.

Maze and Schramm.

(Ph. o I e n
6:

spadiceum
s

Crouan).
1877;
f.

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 19, 29. 1870-1877. Crouan, Ph. smaragdinum Crouan, L. graveWolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.

183.

(Ph.

299. pi. 201.

22-26. 1887. (L.

lyngbyaceum Kuetz.). Fresh-Water Algae U. S. phormidium Kuetz.). Wolle and Marfound

in

tindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants

New
I.

Jersey. Geol.

no. 66. 1894; List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1 235. 1895. West and West. On some Freshwater AJga
J.

Surv. N.

2: 608.

1889.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent.

the

West

Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 264. 1895.

ColliflSn^

and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 3S3. 1897. SetchelkV' Collins, H olden and~%| Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21: no. loio. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i 188. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1208. 1005.
.

Plate V.

fig.

54.

Plant

mass

fasciculate

or

mucous and Phormidium-like,

extensive,

blackish, dark green or blue-green; fascicles twisted, creeping, rarely erect,

filaments flexible, densely crowded, at the base twisted and entangled, in upper portions less twisted, somewhat parallel; not branched; sheaths up
to 2 mic. in diameter, firm, tenacious, or

more

or less mucous; trichomes

Myxophyceae

133

5-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund or obtuse conical; calyptra slightly thickened; cells S-ii mic. in length; transverse walls usually inconspicuous, not granulated; cell contents granular, blue-

green.

lins).

moist earth by roadside. Maiden. July 1904. (ColPennsylvania. On bottoms. (Wolle). old logs partially submerged. (Wolle). Maryland. Forming tufts in an old brickyard. Baltimore. November 1896. (Humphrey). Minnesota. On trunk of tree-fern. University greenhouse. Minneapolis. November 1894. Washington. Among mosses on damp ground. Newhall, Orcas (Tilden). California. In a greenhouse. Mount View Cemetery, Island. (Gardner). Oakland. July 1902. (Gardner). West Indies. (Maze and Schramm, Ramon de la Sagra). Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

Massachusetts.

On

New

Jersey.

On marsh

(L.
S.

Var. rivularis (Wolle) Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 67. 1894. rivularis Wolle). Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 304. 1907. 299. 1887.

phormidium

Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 235. 1895.
Plant mass forming dirty aeruginous tufts 25
or in portions yellowish green.
Illinois. Running Pennsylvania. River Lehigh, Bethlehem. (Wolle). MinneWood, Cook County. April. (Johnson and Atwell). sota. Attached to stones in aquarium in Zoological laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1894. (Tilden).

mm.

long;

filaments

10 mic. in diameter; cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; cell contents dark steel blue

water. Big

Genus

PORPHYROSIPHON
2:
7.

Kuetzing.
1850-1852.

Tab. Phyc.

pi.

27.

f.

i.

or

flesh-colored;

Filaments unbranched; sheaths firm, solid, lamellose, usually purple trichomes solitary within the sheath; apical cell not

capitate.
257.

Porphyrosiphon
27.
f.

notarisii

(Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Oscill. 69. 1893.

2: 7. pi.

I.

1850-1852.

Gomont. Monogr.

De

Toni. Syll.

Algar. 5: 314.
Tilden.
Setchell.

1907.
I.

American Algae. Cent.

no. 65 b. 1894.

Collins,

Holden and

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. 402. 1898. Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900.
Plate V.
fig.

West and West. A West Indies. Journ.

55.

curved,

Plant mass expanded, cushion-shaped, dark purple; filaments variously densely entangled; sheaths purple, often colorless at the apex, sometimes showing layers of different colors, the outer ones colorless, firm, finally becoming very thick, lamellose, with the apex tapering and
fibrillose;

trichomes 8-19 mic. in diameter, usually constricted at joints;

134

Minnesota Algae

apical cell tapering, obtuse; cells 4.5-12 mic. in length; cell contents granulated, blue-green.

North America. (Trecul, Anderson).

soil in

South Carolina.

On

clayey-

damp "Black-jack" woods.

(Lenormand).

Chester. January 1898. (Green).

West

Indies.

Genus

HYDROCOLEUS

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 196. 1843.

Plant mass forming a caespitose cushion, very rarely hardened with carbonate, or caespitose but somewhat indefinite, or even not at all caespitose, but Phormidium-like; sheaths always colorless, cylindri-

calcium

cal,

somewhat
entirely

lamellose,
diffluent;

more

or less

mucous

or

somewhat amorphous,

trichomes few aggregated; apex of trichome straight, outer membrane of apical cell thickened the diameter of the trichome, in some
later
I
1

within the sheath, often loosely more or less tapering, capitate; into a calyptra; cells shorter than
species very short.

Plants living in salt water.

Plant mass caespitose

(i)

Plant mass green becoming violet; sheaths cylindrical, moderately mucous; trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter

H. comoides
(2)

Plant mass blackish green; sheaths irregular in outline, strongly mucous; trichomes 18-24 ic. in diameter

H. cantharidosmu;
2

Plant mass caespitose or forming an expanded mucous stratum, blackish green; sheaths irregular in outline, strongly mucous or even entirely diffluent; trichomes 8-16 mic. in diameter

H. lyngbyaceus
3

Plant mass
(i)

(2)

mucous Plant mass yellowish brown or dull green; sheaths somewhat amorphous or entirely diffluent; trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter H. glutinosus Plant mass pale blue-green; sheaths agglutinated, forming a diffluent, amorphous layer; trichomes 25-30 mic. in diameter H. holdenii

II
1

Plants living in fresh water

Trichomes 6-8 mic.

ing, evidently

diameter; apex of trichome gradually tapercells somewhat quadrate or one-half the diameter of the trichome in length H. homoeotrichus
in

capitate;

Trichomes 12 mic.

in

diameter; cells quadrate or two or three times

shorter than the diameter

3

H. ravenelii
apex of trichome somewhat taper2-5 times shorter than the diameter

Trichomes 16-19 mic.

in diameter;
cells

ing, scarcely capitate;

H. heterotrichus
258.

Hydrocoleus comoides
12.
f.

(Harvey)

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill.

73.

pi.

3-5.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 315. 1907.

Myxophyceae
Maze and Schramm.

135

mucosa
West

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 22. 1870-1877. (L. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the Crouan). Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
Plate V.
fig. 56.

Plant mass up to 1.5 cm. in height, cushion-shaped, hemispherical, caespitose, mucous, green becoming violet; filaments erect, often spirally twisted and entangled below, free and somewhat straight in upper portions, scarcely branched; sheaths wide, Lyngbya-like, regular in outline, lubricous, slightly mucous, sometimes lamellose and fibrillose, usually open at the end; trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, few within the sheath, solitary in upper portion of filament; apex of trichome tapering, truncate; cells 3-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated.

Bermudas.
(Maze).
259.

On

thg

coast.

(Farlow).

West

Indies.

Guadeloupe.

Hydrocoleus cantharidosmus (Montagne) Gomont. Essai

Class.

Nos-

tocacees homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 353. 1890; Monogr. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 316. 1907. Oscill. 74. pi. 12. f. 6, 7. 1893.
Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 27. 1870-1877. Montagne, L. agglutinata Crouan, L. 1 a t iMurray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West limba Crouan). Vickers. Liste des Algues Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. i: 45. 1905.
(L.

Maze and Schramm.

cantharidosma

Plate V.

fig.

57-

caespitose, lubricous, in dried Plant mass up to 2 specimens adhering to paper, olive or dark blue-green; filaments somewhat straight, moderately branched; false branches appressed; sheaths sometimes twice as thick as the trichome, very mucous, irregular and roughened in outline, agglutinated when dried,, sometimes lamelloise, usually open at the apex; trichomes 18-24 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, few within the sheath, somewhat parallel, solitary in upper portion of filament; apex of trichome tapering, truncate; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated.

cm.

in

height,

West
dcn).
260.

Indies.

Guadeloupe.

(Maze).

Barbados.

(Vickers).

Hawaii.

Growing with other algae below high

tide.

Hanalei, Kauai. July 1900. (Til-

Hydrocoleus lyngbyaceus Kuetzing. Species Algar. 259. 1849. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 75. pi. 12, f. 8-10. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. s: 3I7- I907Club. 7: 43. 1880;
(L.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV. Bull. Torr. Bot. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 299. pi. 201. f. 27-29. 1887.
(Kuetz.)
Rab.).

arenarium

Catalogue of Collins. PrePlants.V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: liminary Lists Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. 42. 1900.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Surv. N.
J. 2:

Britton's

Plants found in

New Jersey. Geol. of New England

i: 45-

608. 1889.

Nat. Bot. VIII.

iPOS-

136
Plate V.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
s8.

Plant mass caespitose or mucous, widely expanded, dark green; filaments adnate, unbranched at base, branched in upper portions; false branches numerous, somewhat appressed; sheaths wide, mucous, roughened in outline, tapering or often open at apex, sometimes entirely diffluent and agglutinated; trichomes 8-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints,

numerous

base of filament, spirally twisted and entangled, solitary in apex of trichome tapering, truncate; cells 2.5-4.5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated.
at

the branches;

Massachusetts. (Collins). New Jersey. On moist low grounds near Florida. (Smith). Bermudas. (Farlow). City. (Wolle). West Indies. Barbados. (Vickers).
Atlantic

Var.

a.

Gomont.

1.

c.

76.

Notes on Cyanophyceae. I. Erythea. 4: 89. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. no. 204. 1896.
Setchell.

1896.

Collins,

Plant mass caespitose, usually epiphytic; sheaths somewhat firm.

dosum
Var.

Massachusetts. Very abundant on the fronds ofAscophyllum noin the harbor. Woods Hole. Summer of 1904. (Nott, Setchell).

c. 259. Gomont. 1. c. 76. De Toni. 1. c. 318. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 205. 1896. Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. ^VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. 23: I. 1896.

rupestre Kuetzing.

1.

Collins,

Marine Algae. Rhodora.

2: 42.

1900.

Plant mass expanded, mucous; sheaths entirely diffluent.

Maine. At first forming gelatinous sheaths on Zostera and R u pp i a, afterwards floating masses, in warm water of tidal basin. Goose Cove, Rosier. July 1895. (Collins).
261.

Hydrocoleus glutinosus (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 353. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
30.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 318. 1907. 77. 1893. Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. Maze and Schramm. Essai fusco-rubra Crouan).

1865.

(O.

Class.

Algues

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Guadeloupe. 15. 1870-1877. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. (L. nigrescens Harv.). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. 27: 261. 1889. (O. glutinosa A. Br.). Collins. Preliminary Lists of Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 453. 1898. New England Plants. VI. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Vickers. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. i: 45.

1905-

Plate V.

fig.

59.

Plant mass not

irregular in
outline

caespitose,

mucous, indefinitely expanded or cylin-

drical in shape, yellowish

brown or dull or yellowish green; sheaths very and somewhat amorphous, finally entirely diffluent;

Myxophyceae

137

trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichoma tapering, truncate; cells 2.5-3.5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated.

like

Massachusetts. (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a Phormidiumcoating on iron pillars between tide marks. Black Rock Beacon, near Bridgeport. July 1892. (Holden). New York. Peconic Bay, Long Island. (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). Barbados. (Vick-

ers).

262.

Hydrocoleus holdenii Tilden. Rhodora.

Algar. s: 319. 1907.

3: 254.

1901.

De

Toni. Syll.

Holden. Two new species of Marine Algae from Bridgeport, ConRhodora. i: 197. pi. 9. f. 7, 8. 1899. (H. ma jus Holden). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 602. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2- 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora.
necticut.

7: 223.

1905.

Plate V.

fig.

60, 61.

Plant mass mucous, tubular, dark blue-green; sheaths agglutinated, forming mostly an amorphous, gelatinous, diffluent mass, from which the outer extermities of the trichomes project, naked or enveloped in broad ragged sheaths, or the trichomes escape entirely and become independent; trichomes 25-30 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trich-

ome

tapering, truncate; apical cell

in length;

showing evident calyptra; cells 3-6 mic. transverse walls granulated; cell contents blue-green.

Connecticut.

Forming gelatinous tubular coatings on

of a
salt

old S p a

stems

in

ditches

marsh. Bridgeport.

May

1896;

r t i n a Cook's Point,

May, September. (Holden).

263.

Hydrocoleus homoeotrichus Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 196. Monogr. Oscill. 82. pi. 13. f. 7-10. 1893. De Toni.
323.

1843.
Syll.

Gomont.
Algar. 5:

1907.

WoUe. Fresh Water

(H.
ceae

Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183.

Setchell.

1877.

phormidioides Bulnh.). of New England. Bull. Torr.

Plant mass
caespitose,

Notes on some Cyanophy-

Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895.

fig.

Plate V.
floating,

62, 63.

indefinite,

expanded, lead-colored or

black; filaments simple or sparingly branched, flexuous, more or less flexible, entangled in tufts; sheaths lamellose, somewhat diffluent, cylindrical,
surface, transversely wrinkled, with open or pointed apex; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, many within the sheath, parallel or twisted and entangled, sometimes solitary, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, evidently capitate; apical cell depressed conical; cells 4-5. 5 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently granulated;

roughened on the

cell

contents blue-green or lead-colored.

Connecticut. Growing in small short tufts on the posterior ends of shells of living fresh water mussels (Anodonta). Trading Cove Brook,

138
Norwich. (Setchell).
Pennsylvania.

Minnesota Algae

On

stones in rapid water; in sphag-

num swamps.
264.

(Wolle).
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.

Hydrocoleus ravenelii Wolle.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:

De

322. 1907.
fig.

Plate V.

64-65.

Plant mass dark violet or blue-green; filaments 15 mic. in diameter, those containing two or more trichomes proportionately wider; sheaths of younger plants close and colorless, those of older plants thicker and

brown in color, lamellose, with ends usually empty and sharply pointed; trichomes 12 mic. in diameter, of equal thickness, solitary or two or three somewhat twisted together in a common sheath; cells somewhat equal, or two or three times shorter than the diameter; cell contents blue-green changing to golden brown or chestnut. Texas. Pasture grounds. Houston. (Ravenel).
firmer, golden
265.

Hydrocoleus heterotrichus Kuetzing. Gomont.

pi.

Monogr.

Oscill.

80.

13.

f.

3,

4.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 320. 1907.

6: 283. 1879;

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Tbrr. Bot. Club. Water. U. S. 307. pi. 205. f. 2-5. 1887.
Plate V.
fig. 66.

Fresh-

Plant mass about 5

mm.

in height, caespitose, blackish; filaments ad-

broadening out towards the apex, then divided and repeatedly branched; false branches more or less widely diverging, flexuous; sheaths somewhat close, somewhat mucous, irregular and roughened in outline, broadened out in middle portion of filament, gradually tapering towards the apex, pointed, open or closed, transversely wrinkled; trichomes 16-19 mic. in diameter, many within the sheath, closely aggregated, straight or spirally tangled and twisted, sometimes solitary, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome very slightly tapering, scarcely capitate, truncate; cells 3.4-4.S mic. in length; cell contents finely granular.
nate, short, in basal portion trunk-like,

Pennsylvania. In swamp. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

Genus

HYPHEOTHRIX

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 229. 1843.

commonly
I
1

Plants living on moist earth or dripping rocks; filaments prostrate, slightly branched, woven into a more or less compact mass; sometimes hardened with calcium carbonate; sheaths always colorless.

Filaments very much twisted, scarcely

flexible,

ruptured

if

disentangled.

Plant mass thin, somewhat gelatinous, papery-membranaceous, very hard when dry, not encrusted with calcium carbonate; sheaths firm; trichomes 1-1.7 mic. in diameter, usually one or two within
the sheath

H. calcicola

waving, light fawn-colored; filaments i. 2-1.8 Plant mass mic. in diameter; sheaths inconspicuous; transverse walls not visible H. hinnulea
flocculent,

Myxophyceae
3

139
1.5-2 mic.

Plant mass forming a small mat; filaments sheaths closely adherent, entirely diffluent

in

diameter;

H. gloeophila

Plant mass thin, cushion-shaped, mucous; filaments 1.8-2.2 mic. in diameter; sheaths close H. herbacea

Plant mass sometimes expanded, forming loosely interwoven masses or small cushion-shaped clusters; filaments 3.5-4 mic. in diameter; sheaths firm, close H. tenax
Plant mass somewhat spherical, hollow, tough, yellowish or light straw-colored; filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter; trichomes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter H. bullosa

Plant

mass compact, leathery, brick-colored; filaments up to 7.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths wide, membranaceous, firm, homogeneous,
smooth; trichomes
rupted
3.2-4 mic.

in

diameter, here and there inter-

H. turicensis

Plant mass more or less expanded, olive green; filaments 8-1 1 mic. in diameter; sheaths moderately wide; trichomes 3.5 mic. in diameter, here and there interrupted, often constricted at joints

H. aikensis
II
1

Filaments long and

flexible,

disentangled without rupturing

Plant mass encrusted with calcium carbonate; trichomes 1-1.7 mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter H. coriacea Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate; trichomes mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter H. lardacea
Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate; trichomes mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter H. arenaria
1.5-2

1.5-3

Plant mass compact, leathery, roughened; trichomes 2.3-2.8 mic. in diameter; cells a little shorter than the diameter H. vulpina

Plant mass membranaceous, firm, smooth, pale rose or dark red; trichomes 5.6-8.3 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate

H. pallida
266.

Hypheothrix calcicola (Agardh) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 78. 1865. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 45- pl- 8. f. 1-3. 1893. (S c h i z o-

thrix calcicola Gom.).

Anderson and Kelsey.
Bull. Torr. Bot.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 327. 1907.

Common
145.

and conspicuous Algae of Montana.

Club.

18:

1891.

(Leptothrix calcicola

Kg.).

Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 21. pl. 2. f. 19. 1894 Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. i8o. 1896; (P. purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom.); On some Algal Stalactites of the Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24: 197. pl. 8. f. 3, 4. 1897; Observations on some West Collins, Holden and American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 98. 1898.
Setchcll. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

12.

no. 557. 1899.

140
Plate VI.
fig. 1-4.

Minnesota Algae

Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate, somewhat gelatinous, very hard when dry, papery-membranaceous, black or rarely yellowish
filaments short, very much twisted and entangled, rarely branched; sheaths firm, somewhat cartilaginous, tapering at the apex, at first somewhat close, cylindrical, enclosing one trichome, later becoming

blue-green;

thicker, somewhat lamellose, irregular and roughened in outline, enclosing two or rarely many trichomes; trichomes 1-1.7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue-green.

Cambridge. Nebraska. In greenhouse at the University. (Saunders). Montana. Common everywhere all the year, on damp or dripping rocks. (Anderson and Kelsey). Wyoming. Together with

Massachusetts.
1899.

On

walls of greenhouse. Botanic Garden,

January

(Collins).

Synechococcus aeruginosus

and Gloeocapsa violacea, forming black "stalactites,"' 1-1.5 dm. long and .5 dm. in diameter, or serrated, suspended masses or extended sheets. These hung from the top and lined the walls of a small cave in which was the vent of a hot spring. At short intervals they received jets of steam and a spray of hot water. Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).
267.

Hypheothrix

(?) hinnulea (Wolle).

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 336. 1907.

1877.
pi.

WoUe. Fresh Water

208.
f.

Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182.

(Beggiatoa hinnulea
s.

Wolle)
;

Fresh-Water Algae U.

S.

320.

1887.

hinnulea

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 69. 1894. (L y n g b y a (Wolle) (Tilden) List of fresh-water Algae collected in Mini: 235.

nesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies,

1895.

Plant mass flocculent, caespitose, waving, 6 mm. in thickness, light fawn-colored; filaments 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, lo-is mm. in length, flexible and contractile; sheaths' inconspicuous; transverse walls not visible; cell contents colorless or light yellowish brown.

Pennsylvania. In trenches for warm waste water from steam engines. Minnesota. Collected in masses around the inlet pipe in tanks in Zoological laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1894. (Tilden).
(Wolle).
268.

Hypheothrix gloeophila (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst.

1865.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2:

"JT.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 331. 1907.

Plant mass forming a small mat; filaments 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, sometimes solitary, usually slightly curved and entangled; sheaths closely adherent, entirely diffluent; cells once and a half longer than their diameter;
cell

contents pale, almost colorless.

Greenland. (Richter).
269.

Hypheothrix herbacea Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

Syll. Algar. 5:

199.

1843.

De

Toni.

328. 1907.

Myxophyceae
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.
S. 320. pi. 208.
f.

141
13. 1887.

(L

herbacea
Plant

Kg.).

thin, somewhat cushion-shaped, mucous, bright green, faded underneath; filaments 1.8-2.2 mic. in diameter, very slender, slightly flexuously curved, entangled; sheaths very close, colorless; cells here and there distinct.

mass

more or

less

South Carolina. Very abundant on the wood-work around the artesian

well. Charleston.
270.

(Wolle).

Hypheothrix tenax Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 282. 1879; Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 319. pi. 203. f. 2. 1887.

(Leptothrix tenax
1907.

Wolle).

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

329.

i.S

Plant mass sometimes expanded, forming loosely interwoven masses dm. or more in diameter, at other times forming small, caespitose,

cushion-shaped clusters; filaments 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, slender but strong and tough, often forming firm membranes; sheaths colorless, firm, close; transverse walls not always visible; cells about as long as wide; cell contents primarily light blue-green, soon changing to dull yellow or light

brown.
Pennsylvania.
271.

On

stones in stagnant water. (Wolle).

Hypheothrix bullosa Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 321. pi. 208. f. 19.
1887.
5: 329'.

(Leptothrix bullosa
1907.

Wolle).

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plant mass 4-8 mm. in diameter, somewhat spherical or oval, hollow, tough, gregarious, dilute straw color or yellowish white; filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter, unbranched, densely interwoven; sheaths colorless; trichomes i.S-2 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green, often faded

and contracted.
Pennsylvania. burgh. (Wolle).
272.

Shallow,

sluggish

water,

Susquehanna

River,

Harris-

Hypheothrix turicensis Naegeli

in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar.

269. 1849.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 333. 1907. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877.
irregularly roughened, brick-colored, filaments up to 7.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths wide, membranaceous, firm, homogeneous, colorless, very smooth, tapering at apex; trichomes 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, thick, flexuously curved, here and there interrupted; cells a little shorter than the diameter; transverse

De

Plant mass

compact, leathery,

v/ithin faded or dull green;

vifalls

sometimes

indistinct;

cell

contents

sometimes

granular,

dark

or

pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Moist rocks. (Wolle).

273.

Hypheothrix aikenensis Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877.

III.

Bull. Torr.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 329. i907-

Plant mass more or less expanded, olive green; filaments 8-1 1 mic.

14^

Minnesota Algae

ill diameter, tenacious, curved, very densely entangled; sheaths moderately wide, colorless, pellucid; trichomes 3.5 mic. in diameter, here and there interrupted, often constricted at joints; cells 3.5-7 mic. in length; cell contents pale blue-green.

South Carolina. Sluggish water. Aiken.

274.

(Ravenel).
267. 1849.

Hypheothrix coriacea Kuetzing. Spec. Algar.

ogr. Oscill. 47.
pi. 8.
f.

Gomont. Mon-

6,

7.

1893.

(Schizothrix coriacea
1907.

Gom.).
Dickie. Soc. Fasc. Bot.
14.

De
8.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 336.

On
17:

the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.

1880.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc.

Bor.-Am.

no. 654. 1900.

(Sch.

coriacea

(Kg.) Gom.).

Collins.

The

Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. yj: 240. 1901. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 855. 1901. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 11. Rhodora. 7:

Collins, Collins.
236.

1905.

Plate VI.

fig.

2.

Plant mass up to l.S cm. in thickness; widely expanded, encrusted with calcium carbonate, crustaceous, leathery, roughened on the surface, green becoming reddish, rose- or brick-colored on the outside, faded within; filaments very densely entangled, scarcely to be separated without rupturing, very long and soft, usually moderately branched; sheaths cylindrical, firm, somewhat close, slightly roughened, not lamellose, with very gradually tapering apices; trichomes 1-1.7 mic. in diameter, few within the sheath, somewhat parallel or solitary, constricted at joints; apical cell acute-conical; cells 3-6 mic. in length; transverse walls indistinct; rarely granulated; cell contents pale blue-green.
Arctic Regions. Walrus Island, 79
15'

N.

(Dickie).

Connecticut.

orange tint, on moist limestone rocks, shore of Housatonic River, near Gaylordsville. October 1898 California. Mixed with other algae, formand April 1899. (Holden). ing a thin layer on the side of a watering trough. Dillon's Beach, Entrance to Tomales Bay, Marin County. December 1898. (Setchell and Gibbs). West Indies. In tufts on sides of lily tanks. Botanic Garden,
a felty stratum of yellowish or

Forming

Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893.

(Humphrey).
1.

Forma meneghinii Kuetzing. WoUe. Fresh Water Algae.

c.

268.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

337.
1877.

III.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182.

Plant mass usually somewhat thick, pale red or flesh-colored; sheaths 2.8-4 mic. in thickness, up to four times thicker than the filaments.

New
275.

Jersey.

Damp

earth.

(Austin).
in

Hypheothrix lardacea (Cesati) Hansgirg

Alg.
49.
v.

Tyr. Vorarl.
8.
f.

u.

Liechtenst. 96.
1907.

Dalla Torre und Sarnth. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.

pi.

8,

9.

1893.

(Schizothrix lardacea

Gom.).

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Collins,
(S.

5: 340.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

of

lardacea (Ces.) New England. Bull.

Gom.).

Setchell.

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 105. 1895. Notes on some Cyanophyceae

Tilden.

Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895.

American

Myxophyceae

143

Algae. Cent. 11. no. 176. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 3: 396. 1901. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. 9SS. 1902. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate VI.

fig. 3.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in thickness, expanded, not encrusted with calcium carbonate, hard and elastic, composed of layers more or less uniform in
dull or olive green or reddish; filaments soft, very long, twisted, not or but little branched, separated without rupturing; sheaths cylindrical, firm, contracted or pointed at the apex, at first close and smooth, finally becoming thicker and roughened; trichomes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, few within the sheath, frequently solitary, somewhat parallel, in living specimens not constricted at joints; cells 2-3 mic. in length; transverse walls usually marked by protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue-green.

color,

Alaska. Prince William Sound. June 1899. (Saunders). Forming bloodgelatinous' patches on smooth, wet, vertical rocks. Cascades, near Iliuliuk. June 1899. (Setchell and Lawson). Forming bright rose-red tufts on rocks exposed to fresh water spray. Near Orca, Prince William Sound. Connecticut. On vertical surface of dripping rock. East (Setchell). Rock, New Haven. November. (Holden). Forming rather gelatinous, rusty
red or dirty green patches on wet vertical faces of trap rock. East Rock, New Minnesota. In a bottle of distilled Haven. December i8gi. (Setchell). water left standing for several months. Botanical Laboratory, University
of Minnesota.
276.
1896.

(Determined by M. Gomont).

Hypheothrix arenaria (Berkeley). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 342. 1907. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 50. pi. 8. f. 11, 12. 1893. (Schizothrix arenaria Gom.).
Plate VI.
fig. 4.

Plant mass thin, somewhat fragile, not encrusted with calcium carbonate, blue-green; filaments firm, strongly flexuous, closely entangled, below trunk-shaped, towards the apex divided and branched; false branches strongly twisted and entangled; sheaths firm, roughened in outline, tapering in at the apex, thick and lamellose in the lower parts; trichomes 1.5-3 mic. someloosely aggregated, filament, the of part lower diameter, few in the what parallel, often solitary in the branches, constricted at the joints (in dried specimens); apical cell acute-conical; cells up to 5 mic. in length; cell
contents pale blue-green.

United States. (Setchell).

277.

Hypheothrix vulpina Kuetzing. Spec. Algar.

Syll.

267.

1849.

De

Toni.

Algar. 5: 338. 1907.

the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.
1880.
olive,

Dickie.

On
8.

Soc. Bot. 17:

Plant mass compact, leathery, opaque, roughened, reddish or dull

144
becoming darker
2.8 mic. in

Minnesota Algae
in color;

sheaths close, delicate, colorless; trichomas 2.3-

diameter, slightly curved, loosely entangled; cells a little shorter than the diameter; transverse walls distinct, slightly granulated; cell contents pale becoming darker.

Arctic Regions.
278.

Marshy
pallida
5:

spots on land, 82 27' N. (Dickie).

Hypheothrix
Syll. Algar.

Kuetzing.
1907.

Spec.

Algar.

893.

1849.

De

Toni.

339.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877; Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 298. pi. 202. f. 26-31. 1887. (L. pallida (Naeg.) Wolle). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Plant mass membranaceous, firm, somewhat smooth, pale rose or dark red in color; filaments 40-80 mic. (?Wolle) in diameter; sheaths very vvide, at first homogeneous, finally becoming lamellose and fibrillose; trich-

omes S.6-8.3 mic. in diameter, rather straight or sightly curved, somewhat parallel or sometimes flexuously curved and interwoven; cells somewhat quadrate, here and there slightly swollen; cell contents faded or yellowish brown.

New
On wet

Jersey.
soil

Forming reddish-brown stratum on dry ground. (Austin). and old meadow grounds. (Wolle).
Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 52. 1893.

Genus

SYMPLOCASTRUM
from

Plants terrestrial or living on

tangled, ascending
fascicles; sheaths
I

damp

rocks; filaments twisted and enin

a prostrate base, agglutinated together

erect

colorless.

Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 1.4-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints; cells shorter than the diameter S. fragile Plant mass flesh-colored or reddish; trichomes 1.6-2 mic. in diameter; cells usually longer than the diameter S. rubrum
Plant mass gray or yellowish; trichomes cells longer than the diameter
1.9-2.3
S.

II

III

mic.

in

diameter;

cuspidatum
in

IV

Plant mass blackish, olive or lead-colored; trichomes 3-6 mic. diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter
S. friesii

279.

Sjrmplocastrum fragile (Kuetzing).

De
f.

Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 347. 1907.

13, 14. 1893.

Gomont Monogr. Oscill. fragilis (Kg.) Gom.).

Collins,
Setchell.

52. pi. 8.

(Schizothrix
3.

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England.
Plate VI.
fig.

no. 104. 189S. Bull. Torr. Bot.

Club. 22: 429. 1895.

5-

Plant mass up to i mm. in thickness, pannose, tomentose, olive or blue-green; filaments flexuous, entangled, more or less, parallel, finally becoming united into short, erect fascicles; sheaths irregular in outline, some-

Myxophyceae
what

145

diffluent; trichomes 1.4-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, at the base of the filament often numerous and closely crowded within the sheath; cells 1-2.5 mic. in length; protoplasm fioccose, not granular, pale

blue-green.

Connecticut. Forming a reddish, closely adherent crust on stones kept moist by the spray from a waterfall, by dam across Still River, Brookfield. May 1892. ("The red color was due to a unicellular organism associated with it"). CSetchell).
280.

Symplocastrum rubrum (Meneghini) De Toni. 1907. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 53. pi. 8. f. 15,

Syll.

Algar.

5:
i

350.

16. 1893.

(S c h

z o-

thrix rubra
Pub. Bot.
i: 189. 1903.

Gom.).
Univ.
Calif.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.

Plate VI.

fig.

6.

Plant mass caespitose, flesh-colored, reddish or becoming dark colored; filaments elongate, divided and branched into numerous appressed portions, in Lower parts twisted and entangled, above less flexuous, parallel, forming short, erect, pointed tufts at the apex; sheaths cylindrical, firm, wide, somewhat lamellose, slightly roughened on the surface, frequently transversely wrinkled at the base with a very long, pointed apex; trichomes 1.6-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints (in dried specimens), few or often solitary within the sheath; apical cell rotund; cells 2-3.5 ic. in length; transverse walls often granulated; cell contents pale reddish.
Alaska. Forming scum on deep pool of fresh water. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Lawson).
281.

Symplocastrum
5: 349- 1907.

cuspidatum (West and West). De Toni.

the

Syll.

Algar.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 273.
pi. 16.
f.

West

Indies.

1-7. 1895.

(Symploca cuspida-

tum W.

and W.).
Plate VI.
fig.

7-9.

Plant mass widely expanded, gray or yellowish; fascicles 8-15 mm. narrow, awl-shaped, aggregated, here and there height, erect, dense, becoming bluish green; sheaths colorless, transparent or forming parallel layers, often roughened in outline, narrower and often branched at the apex; trichomes 1.9-2.3 mic. in diameter, flexuous, entangled, often interrupted, narrower in the mass, at the apex of the fascicles one to three included in the wide sheath, 13.5-25 mic. in diameter; cells 3.8-9 mic. in length; transverse walls distinct; cell contents blue-green.
in

ring

West Indies. Specimens resembling Sphagnum cuspidatum. Occuramong mosses on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), Dominica.
Var.
luteo-fusca

(Elliott).

West and West. A Further Confribution to the the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898of Algae Freshwater
1900.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

349.

146
Plant mass 1-2
in

Minnesota Algae

mm.

in height; rust-colored, dense; fascicles 4-10

mm.

height; sheaths

15-40 mic. in

thickness, often surrounding two, three

or

Valley (1000-2000 ft.), Dominica; on bark, windward road to lake, Dominica; on the ground, mostly in old Diablotia holes, Morne Anglais (2300 ft.). (Elliott).
282.

many trichomes; trichomes 2.5-3.5 West Indies. On rocks. Roseau

ic. in diameter.

Ssrmplocastrum
ogr.
Oscill.

friesii

(Agardh) Kirchner
I.
i.

in
f.

Engler and Prantl. Die

53.

natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien.
54.
pi.
9.
f.

a.

68.

1900.

Gomont. Mon-

I,

2.

1893.

(Schizothrix friesii

Gom). De Toni. WoUe. Fresh Water

Syll. Algar. 5: 347. 1907.

(Symploca
Bot.
Club. 6:
S.

Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. lucifuga Breb.); Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. 183. 1877. (Symploca friesiana Kg.); Fresh- Water
f.

Algae U.

303. pi. 205.

8; 304. pi. 205.

f.

13.

1887.

Moebius. Ueber

einege in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. WoUe and Martindale., Algae. Britton's Catalogue of 2T. 246. 1888. Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 503. 1898.' Collins. Notes on Algae. I. Rhodora. i: 10. 1899.
Plate VI.
fig. 10.

Plant mass indefinite, expanded, black or olive or lead-colored; filaments in lower portions twisted and entangled, in upper parts somewhat straight, parallel, dichotomously divided and branched into appressed portions, forming rigid, erect, spine-shaped tufts 3 cm. or more in height; sheaths cylindrical, firm, pointed at the apex, lamellose, smooth or a little roughened in outline; trichomes 3-6 mic. in diameter, evidently constricted at the joints, few or solitary within the sheath, parallel; apical cell truncate conical; cells 4-1 1 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular (except in apical cell).

Canada. On old wood. (Macoun). United States. (Farlow). Maine. On ground in woods at the base of Mount Kineo. July 1897. (ColMassachusetts. On damp ground. August 1898; abundant in paths lins). New and by roadsides. Lynnwoods, Middlesex Fells. 1899. (Collins). West Indies. Growing Jersey. On shaded clay banks. Bergen. (WoUe). upon moss. On Mt. Jimenez, Sierro de Luquillo, Porto Rico. (Sintenis).

Genus

INACTIS

Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

i:

44.

1845-1849.

Plants growing in moist places or in rivers; filaments caespitose, often with numerous false branches, forming cushions which finally often become encrusted with calcium carbonate and hardened, zonate within, or aggregated into penicillate, floating fascicles; sheaths colorless or nearly
I
I

so.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, tufted Plant mass strongly encrusted with calcium carbonate, stony; filaments straight, somewhat simple; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter; I. pulvinata cells somewhat quadrate

Myxophyceae
^-

147

Plant mass strongly encrusted with calcium carbonate, stony; filaments slender, simple in basal portions, fasciculately branched above; trichomes 1.4-3 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter I. fasciculata

Plant mass cushion-shaped or crustaceous, not hardened with calcium carbonate; filaments forming trunk at base, very much branched in upper portions; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter I. lacustris
Plant mass somewhat hemispherical, plano-convex; filaments more or less branched, growing in tufts; cells two or three times longer than broad I. austini

II
1

Plant mass forming penicillate fascicles, floating.

Plant

mass submerged, attached; filaments very long;

in

trichomes

1.4-2.4 mic.

diameter, constricted at joints

I.

tinctoria

Plant mass submerged, epiphytic on other algae; trichomes 3-6 mic. in diameter, usually constricted at joints I- simmonsiae Plant

mass submerged, attached; filaments 6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints

in

very
I.

long;

trichomes

mexicana

III

Filaments solitary, growing algae; trichomes 1.5-2 mic.

gelatinous

in diameter,

mass formed by other not constricted at joints I. hawaiensis

44.
pi.

283.

Inactis pulvinata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

i:

yy.

f.

3.

1845-1849.

Gomont. Monogr.
Gom.).

Oscill. 36. 1893.

5:

(Schizothrix pulvinata
350.
11-13.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plate VI.

1907.

fig.

Plant mass cushion-shaped or crustaceous, stony, hardened with calcium carbonate, uneven or mammillate, blue-green on the outer surface, zonate within; filaments straight, rigid, parallel, coalesced or closely crowded, moderately branched; false branches entirely appressed; sheaths papery, with pointed apex; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, more or less numerous within the sheath; cells somewhat quadrate or twice as long as broad; cell contents pale blue-green.

North America. In
284.

cataracts.

(Anderson).

Inactis fasciculata (Naegeli)

2: 160. 1865.

Grunow
Gom.).

in

Rabenhorst.
6. f.

Fl.

Eur. Algar.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 36. pi.

1-3. 1893.

(Schi-

zothrix fasciculata
1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 351.

Murray. Calcareous Pebbles formed by Algae. Phyc. Mem. Part III. Erythea. 4: 89. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. I. 74. pi. 19. 1895. Pennhallow. Note on Calcareous Algae from Michigan. Bot. Gaz. 1896. Tilden. MacMillan. Minnesota Plant Life. 41. 1899. 21: 215. 1896. Powell. Observations on some American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 585. 1902. Calcareous Pebbles. Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 75. pi. 16. f. 8, 9; pi. 17. f. 1-5.

1903-

1^8
Plate VI.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
14, IS-

Plant mass cushion-shaped, stony, hardened with calcium carbonate,

becoming confluent into a crustaceous, mammillate layer, blue^green, fleshcolored or brownish on the surface, zonate within; filaments slender, flexuous, closely entangled, forming a trunk-shaped basal portion narrower at the base, thicker above, branched and divided into many parts at the apex; false branches fasciculate, somewhat appressed; sheaths somewhat
with pointed apex; trichomes 1.4-3 inic- in diameter, constricted at the joints, many in the trunk-shaped basal portion, few or solitary in the branches; apical cell acute conical; cells 1.2-3.5 mic. in length; cell contents pale blue-green.
thick,

Mixed with other algae. Twin Lakes, near Salisbury. Michigan. Pebbles found in a pond on the shore of Lake Minnesota. Forming calcareous pebbles, which were Michigan. (Velie). found lying in from four to ten feet of clear water on sand-bars. Clearwater Lake, Wright County. June 1901. (Freeman and Lyon). "These pebbles range in size from that of a small hickory nut to two inches in diameter. Most of them are flattened, and though comparatively smooth All are more in same cases, are often rough, corrugated and wave-worn. or less hollow. In section they have a distinctly stratified appearance." * * * They "were found to be composed of a densely interwoven mass
Connecticut.
(Setchell).
of filaments of

Com."
285.

Powell.

which the most

common
De

type was that of

S.

fasciculata

Inactis

lacustris

(A.

Braun)

Toni.
6.
f.

Syll.

Algar.

5:

354.

1907.

Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 39. pi.

9-12.

1893.

(Schizothrix

lacustris
Collins,

A. Br.).

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 712. 1900. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.
3: 397.

1901.

Plate VI.

fig.

16.

Plant mass cushion-shaped or crustaceous, not at all or scarcely hardened with calcium carbonate, dull yellowish green; filaments flexuous, closely crowded, forming a trunk-shaped basal portion narrower at the base, broadened towards the apex, branched and divided into many parts at the apex; false branches twisted, entangled, or somewhat parallel; sheaths colorless, wide, very wide in the lower part of the filament; trich-

omes

i-i.S mic. in

diameter, constricted at the joints,

many

in the trunk-

shaped basal portion, remote, often spirally twisted, few or solitary branches; cells up to 4 mic. in length; cell contents pale blue-green.
(Saunders).

in the

Alaska. In a fresh water pool. Near Prince William Sound. June 1899. Connecticut. On sandy ground near "Fresh Pond" (brackish). Stratford. December 1897. (Holden).

Var. caespitosa Gomont.

1.

c.

39.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

354.
(S.

Hauck and

Richter. Phyk. Univ. no. 741.

1886-1889.

lacustris

caespitosa

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, MiddleGom.). sex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropoli-

Myxophyceae
tan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896.
Setchell. Phyc.
Collins,

149

Holden and
false

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
a'

5.

no. 206. 1896.

Filaments forming branches short.

Fells;

very thick,

trunk-shaped basal

portion;

Massachusetts. On stones along the margin of Spot Pond, Middlesex on stones at the water's edge, Peabody, Suntaug Lake, August iBgo; Tynnfield, Suntaug Lake, September 1890. (Collins).
286.

Inactis austini Wolle. Fresh

6: 183. 1877.

De

Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Hot. Club. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 351. 1907.

Plant mass somewhat hemispherical, plano-convex, 3-7.5 mic. in diameoften aggregated, diffluent, brown becoming blackish green; filament.s firm, cylindrical; more or less branched, growing in tufts; sheaths colorless, very close; cells two or three times longer than broad; transverse walls
ter,

usually distinct; cell contents dark blue-green.

New
287.

Jersey.

Wet

rocks. Little Falls. 1867.

(Austin).

Inactis tinctoria
Sci.
f.

Nat. Bot. VI.

1893.

5-7.

(Agardh) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. i: 379. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 41. pi. 7. (Schizothrix tinctoria Gomont.). De Toni.
III.

Syll.

Algar. 5: 356. 1907.

Bull.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.

(Hydrocoleum tinctorium A. Br.); Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 282. 1879. (Hypheothrix tinctoria Rabenh.)
Fresh-Water Algae U.
S.

321. pl. 208.

f.

16.

1887.

(Leptothrix tincto the

toria

Kg.).

Bessey,

Pound and Clements. Additions

5: 13. iQOi.
17-

Reported

Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska.

Plate VI.

fig.

Plant mass continuous, soft, mucous, attached to submerged plants, blue-green or violet; filaments very long, flaccid, floating in free tufts, with penicillate apices, unbranched in lower portions, branched above; sheaths

narrow, not lamellose, somewhat diffluent; trichomes

ter,

1.4-2.4 mic. in

diame-

especially constricted at the joints, in basal part of filament numerous within the sheath, more or less spirally twisted, in the branches few and straight; apical cell rotund; cells 1.4-3 mic- in length.

Pennsylvania.

phora.
288.

Fisher's

Nebraska. On C 1 a d On aquatic plants. (Wolle). Lake, Glen Rock. (Bessey, Pound and Clements).

o-

Inactis

simmonsiae (Collins) De Toni; Syll. Algar. 5: 356. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no.
1900.

1907.

707.

(Schizothrix
etc.,

simmonsiae

Collins).

Collins.

New

Species

issued in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Rhodora.

8: 105. 1906.

Plants living in salt water; plant mass forming a brownish tufted coating on various algae (showing reddish brown when moistened, pinkish under the microscope); tufts 1-2 cm. long; sheaths thin, distinct; trichomes within the 3-6 mic. in diameter, much constricted at joints, usually single irregularly swollen sometimes portion, basal in several often but sheath,

150 and distorted as

if

Minnesota Algae
doubling up
in the sheath; cells .6-2 mic. in length; cell

contents pale green.

Rhode December
289.

Island.
1897.

On

algae in high rock pool. Easton's Point, Newport.

(Simmons).
Syll.

Inactis

mexicana (Gomont) De Toni.

Oscill.
42.

Algar.

5:

356.

1907.

Go-

mont. Monogr. Gom.).

Collins.

1893.

(Schizothrix mexicana
Sci. 37: 240.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.
soft,

Am. Acad. Arts

1901.

attached to submerged plants; filaments very long, flaccid, floating in free tufts, with penicillate apices, twisted, entangled, unbranched in lower portions, fasciculately branched above; false branches somewhat appressed; sheaths very thin, papery, not lamellose, somewhat roughened in outline; trichomes 6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, in basal part of filament numerous within the sheath, densely crowded, often twisted into a cord, in the branches few or solitary; apical cell scarcely tapering, rotund; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse v/alls commonly inconspicuous; cell contents showing scattered protoplasmic granules, pale violet (in dried specimens).

Plant mass continuous,

Mexico. In Guatulco River. (Gomont).

West

Indies.

On

rock

in

"Wag
290.

Water,'' Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893.

Inactis hawaiensis

(Humphrey).
5: 357.
pi.

(Lemmermann) De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.
8.
f.

Lemmermann.
19. 1905.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620.

(Schizothrix havaiensis Lemm.).

Plate VI.
fig.

18.

Filaments 8-38 mic.

in

formed by other algae;

v/ith

false

diameter, solitary, growing in gelatinous mass branches present; sheaths colorless, lamellose.
1.5-2

pointed apices; trichomes

mic. in diameter,

not constricted at

one to four within the sheath; cells S-6 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated, almost invisible; cell contents filled with vacuoles, pale blue-green.
joints, parallel or flexuous,

Hawaii. With other algae in hot water. Volcano

of Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

Mauna Kea,

Island

Genus

SCHIZOTHRIX

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 230. 1843.

Plants living on moist earth or in water, or in inundated places, rarely forming erect or prostrate, Symploca-like fascicles or a pannose stratum, rarely floating free; sheaths in the beginning colorless, finally becoming yellowish brown, purplish pink or bluish.
entirely aquatic; filaments
I
1

Cells

somewhat quadrate or shorter than the diameter. Plant mass thin, encrusted, often widely expanded
tufts

or

in

tangled

sheaths colorless, very transparent; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells someS. hyalina what quadrate

among

other

algae;

Myxophyceae
2

151
sheaths

Plant

mass caespitose or appressed, semiorbicular;

very

thick,

lamellose; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, usually solitary within the sheath S. thelephoroides

Plant mass indefinite, sheaths purple, orange or rose-colored; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, many within the sheath S. purpurascens Plant

mass indefinite, woolly, lead-colored; sheaths very lamellose; trichomes 7.5-8.5 mic. in diameter S. chalybea

thick,

Plant mass not caespitose; sheaths yellowish orange; trichomes 7-13 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or twice as short as the diameter S. muelleri
Cells longer than the diameter

II
1

Filaments very long; sheaths dark lead-colored, irregular line; trichomes 1.7 mic. in diameter S. braunii

in

out-

Filaments forming a loose, cobwebby mass within sandstone rock; sheaths cylindrical, rough, usually colorless and not lamellose, sometimes brownish and lamellose; trichomes 3.5-4.8 mic. in diameter; cells quadrate or a little longer than the diameter
S. rupicola

291.

Schizothrix hyalina Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 320. 1849. Algar. 5: 360. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 307. pi. 203. f. 3, 4. 1887. (M i c r o c oBennett. Plants of Rhode Island. (Kg.) Kirchn.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants 115. 1888. found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889.

leus hyalinus

among

Plant mass thin, encrusted, often widely expanded or in tangled tufts other algae, blue-green or green; filaments 8 mic. in diameter; sheaths colorless, very transparent; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, very slender, curved and entangled, few within the sheath; apex of trichome awl-shaped, pointed; cells somewhat quadrate;
contents pale green.

cll

Rhode
Carolina.
292.

Island.

Davisville.

(Bennett).

New
Wet

Jersey.

Sphagnum.
Wet

Pennsylvania. (Wolle). ground. (Wolle).

rocks.

In ponds on South (Wolle).

Schizothrix thelephoroides (Montagne) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 359- I907pi. 10. f. 1-4. 1893.

57.

Moebius. Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und LuftAlgen. Hedwigia. 27: 247. pi. 9. f. 7- 1888.
Plate VI.
fig. 19.

pannose, caespitose or appressed, semiorbicular, rustcolored; filaments .5 cm. in height, divided and branched into appressed, somewhat dichotomous divisions, forming more or less spirally twisted
Plant

mass

sheaths firm, very thick, lamellose, the inner layers rust-colored, the outer ones colorless, very frequently dilated below the pointed apex, slightly roughened on the surface, transversely wrinkled; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, usually solitary sometimes two within the sheath, parallel.
tufts;

52

Minnesota Algae

remote, evidently constricted at the joints; apical cell scarcely tapering, rotund; cells in lower portion of trichome up to double the diameter in length, in the upper portion somewhat quadrate, 6-14 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular, blue-green.

West

Indies.

Wet

rocks.

Summit

of

Mount Junque,

Sierra de Luquillo,

Porto Rico. (Sintenis).

293.

Schizothrix purpurascens
pi. 9.
f.

6-8. 1893.

De

(Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 361. 1907.

fig.

Oscill.

58.

Plate VI.

20, 21.

Plant
long,

mass indefinite, expanded, dark violet; filaments moderately somewhat dichotomously divided and branched into more or less
in

divaricate portions, in lower portions entangled,

upper parts forming

sheaths purple, orange or rose-colored, transparent at the apex, firm, solid, very thick and especially lamellose, irregular and roughened in outline, with pointed apex; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, usually constricted at the joints, numerous within the sheath, somewhat remote and parallel; apical cell conical, often sharply pointed; cells 3-8 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular
parallel

somewhat

and twisted creeping

tufts;

(except in apical

cell).
1.

Var. cruenta (Lespinasse) Gomont.

Collins,

c.

S9-

De

Toni.
11.

1.

c.

362.

Collins.

Holden and Notes on Algae.

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
1899.

no. 504. 1898.

I.

Rhodora.

i: 10.

Sheaths purplish pink or peach-colored; trichomes usually constricted

at joints.

Massachusetts.
el).

On

sex Fells. August, September 1898.

moist ground near Winchester Reservoir, MiddleSouth Carolina. (Raven(Collins).

294.

Schizothrix chalybea (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. f- 3-S. 1893De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 359. 1907.
Plate VI.
fig. 22.

S7- pl-

9-

Plant mass indefinite, woolly, lead-colored; filaments moderately long, branched, waving, loosely coalesced in erect tufts 2 mm. long; false branches somewhat dichotomous, appressed; sheaths very thick, lamellose, the inner layers pale lead-colored, the outer ones transparent, firm, cylindrical, in

smooth or a little roughened on the outside; trichomes 7.5-8.5 mic. diameter, very much constricted at joints; few and parallel within the sheath, or often solitary; apical cell up to 11 mic. in length, obtuse

cr acute conical; cells 3-8 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular (except in apical cell), dark green in color.

Mexico.
295.

On mossy

ground, near the Volcano of Orizaba. (Mueller). Naegeli in

Oscill.
59.

Schizothrix muelleri

Kuetzing.
pl.

Spec.

Algar.

320.

1849.

Gomont. Monogr.
Algar. 5: 362. 1907.

10.

f.

5-7.

1893.

De
6:

Toni. Syll.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

II.

Bull.

Torr.

Bot.

Club.

138.

1877.

Myxophyceae

^53

Farlow. Notes on the Rabenh.). Gryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Collins. Algae of Middle(Microcoleus versicolor Thur.). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Ara. sex County. 15: 1888. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fasc. I. no. 7. 1895. Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Setchell. Notes on CyanoPark Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Collins. The Algae of the Flume. phyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 45. 1899.

(Hydrocoleum versicolor

Rhodora.

6: 230.

1904.

Plate VI.

fig. 23.

Filaments long, moderately ilexuous, divided and branched into appressed portions, woven into an indefinite, expanded, dark or blackish green mass, or forming decumbent tufts attached to mosses, or floating free; sheaths yellowish orange, firm or somewhat diffluent, irregular in outline, with pointed apex, trichomes 7-13 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints, solitary or few within the sheath; apical cell obtuse
conical; cells 4-9 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.

sheets

Hampshire. Mt. Tumble-Down Dick. (Farlow). In thin black Massachusetts. Forming a on wall of the "Flume." (Collins). black coating on wet rocks. Middlesex Fells; on perpendicular cliffs, formConing sheets of considerable size, Saugus, April 1890, 1893. (Collins). California. Along the banks of a necticut. Mount Carmel. (Setchell). small stream on Howell Mt., near St. Helena, Napa County. February 1896.
296.

New

Schizothrix braunii Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 365. 1907.
Setchell
i:

63. pi.

11.

f.

9-13. 1893.

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

189.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.

1903.

Plate VI.

fig.

24.

Plant mass crustaceous-floccose, adhering to paper when dried, blackvery long, densely tangled and twisted into cords, moderately branched; sheaths dark lead-colored, firm, slightly irregular in outline, not fringed, with very gradually tapering apex; trichomes 1.7 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, few within the sheath, often solitary, distant, parallel; apical cell tapering, obtuse; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell contents pale blue-green.
ish; filaments

Alaska. On dripping rocks. Near Iliuliuk. (Setchell and Lawson). Orca. (Jepson). "Most of the sheaths are colorless, but some are of the Setchell and Gardner. characteristic blue-black color of this species."

297.

Schizothrix rupicola Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 175. 1896; Some New Species of Minnesota Algae which live in a Calcareous or Silicious Matrix. Bot. Gaz. 23: 103. pi. 9. f. 9. 1897; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and
1897.

Minn. Bot. Studies.

2: 28.

1898.
25.

Plate VI.

fig.

Filaments 9.6-16 mic. in diameter, forming a loose, cobwebby mass

154

Minnesota Algae

within sandstone rock, as far at least as 10-15 mm. from surface; sheaths cylindrical, rough, usually colorless and not lamellose, but sometimes brownish and lamellose; trichomes 3.5-4.8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at the joints, one to many in a sheath; apical cell truncate conical; cells 5-8 mic. in length; transverse walls usually invisible.

Minnesota. In bare and dry sandstone

cliffs.

Soldiers'

Home, Minne-

haha

Falls.

September

1896.

(Hall).

Genus

DASYGLOEA

Thwaites. Eng. Bot.

pi.

2941.

1848.

Sheaths very wide, colorless or yellowish brown; trichomes very few within the sheath, very loosely aggregated; apex of trichome straight, not capitate; cells often longer than the diameter.
298.

Dasygloea amorpha Berkeley mont. Monogr. Oscill. 84.

Algar. 5: 368. 1907.

in
pi.

English Botany,
13.
f.

pi.

2941. 1848.

Go-

11,

12.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll.

WoUe. Fresh Water

Fresh-Water Algae U.

Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:

S.

183.

1877;

304.

pi.

204.

f.

1-9.

1B87.

(M icrocoleus

amorpha

(Thwaites) Wolle).
Plate VI.
fig.

26.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous; filaments twisted, entangled, divided into fringes at the apex; sheaths transparent throughout, or dull yellow within, very irregular in outline, mucous, sometimes somewhat lamellose; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome sometimes very gradually tapered; apical cell truncate conical; cells 4-13 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.

Pennsylvania.
skin-like,

Forming

a
in

thin

on trickling rocks

olive or dark blue-green membrane, mountain ravine. Glen Onoko. (Wolle).

Genus

MICROCOLEUS

Cat. des Plantes omises dans la

Desmazieres. Botanographie Belgique.

7.

1823.
fila-

Plants living on

soil, in

fresh water or sometimes in salt water;

ments pimple or vaguely branched, creeping on the ground, sometimes growing among other algae; sheaths colorless, more or less regularly
not lamellose, in many species finally diffluent; trichomes within the sheath in well developed filaments, closely crowded, often twisted into rope-like bundles; apex of trichome straight, tapering; apical cell acute, rarely obtuse conical, in one species capitate.
cylindrical,

many

I
1

Plants living in salt water; apical

cell

not capitate, pointed.

Trichomes
Trichomes

1.5-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints

M. tenerrimus
2
2.5-6 mic. in diameter,

constricted at joints

M. chthonoplastes
II

Plants living

on

soil; apical cell capitate.

M. vaginatus

Myxophyceae
III
1

155
cell

Plants living in fresh water; apical

constricted at joints

not capitate
in

Sheaths mucous, diffluent; trichomes 4-5 mic.

diameter, especially

M.

lacustris

Sheaths somewhat mucous, not or scarcely diffluent; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints M. paludosus
Plant mass large, cushion-like; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter M. pulvinatus

Sheaths

very mucous and agglutinated; diameter, especially constricted at joints

trichomes 6-10 mic. M. subtorulosus

Oscill. 93.
pi.

in

299.

Microcoleus tenerrimus Gomont. Monogr.

1893.

14.

f.

9-1 1.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 373.

1907.

Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 30. 1865. Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 20. 1870-1877. (M. o 1 i o g othrix Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am.. Fasc. 15. no. 706. 1900. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901; Notes on Algae. VI. Rhodora. 5: 233. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 188. 1903.

Plate VI.

fig.

27.

Filaments simple or slightly branched, densely entangled in a gray or blue-green mass, or mixed with various algae; sheaths wide, irregular in outline, pointed or open at the apex, sometimes entirely diffluent; trich-

omes

1-5-2

mic.

in

diameter,

especially

constricted
less

at

the

joints,

long,

flexuGus, usually loosely aggregated,

more or

numerous within the

sheath; apex of trichome often gradually tapering; apical cell not capivery acute conical; cells 2.2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid, sometimes granulated.
tate,

Island.

Maine. In rather small quantity. At Southwest Harbor, Mount Desert Louisiana. Forming a blue-green coating on an old (Holden).

wooden
ington.
e

Washpier. Lake Pontchartrain. November 1898. (Saunders). West Indies. In a salt marsh. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Brackish water. Guadeloupe. (Maze). In company with M. chthonoplass.

March

1893.

(Humphrey).

300.

Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Flora danica) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. i: 378- 1875. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 91. pi. 14f-

5-8. 1893-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 371. 1907.

WoUe. Fresh Water Farlow. Marine Algae gracilis Hass.).

f.

Algae. IV. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 7: 44. 1880.

of

(M.
2.

New

England.

33.

pi.

Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 306. pi. 203. f. 10, 11. 1887. WoUe. 105. 1886. Bennett. Plants of (M. gracilis Hass, M. anguiformis Harv).
3.

1881.

Pike.

Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888; Island. 115. 1888. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters WoUe and Martinof Staten Island. Mem. Jorr. Bot. Club, i: 90. 1889.

Rhode

IS6
dale.

Minnesota Algae
Algae. Britton's
J. 2: 609.

Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. i88g. (C h t ho n o b 1 a s t u s 1 y n g b e i Kg.). Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island. Maine. 247. 1894. Collins, Hoi den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 153. 1896. Collins. Pre liminary Lists of New England Plants. ^V. Marine Algae. Rhodora 2: 42. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora o: 1900. the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. igoi. Collins. The Algae o Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 19. no. 906. 1902. Collins. Notes on Algae. VI. Rhodora. 5: 233. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 188. 1903. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. i. no. 635. 1909. 1905.
Surv. N.
1889.

Plate VI.

fig.

28.

Filaments twisted, rarely branched, forming a dull or dark green, panbroadly expanded, compact, stratified mass, made up of layers of different colors, or growing sparsely among other algae; sheaths cylindrical, more or less unequal and roughened in outline, with apex usually open, sometimes entirely diffluent; trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, short, somewhat straight, many within the sheath, usually densely aggregated into bundles, rarely twisted into cords; apex of trichome tapering; apical cell not capitate, acute conical; cells 3.6-10 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated.
riose,

Canada. Mixed with other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. Maine. Very common in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle. (Collins). Shore west of Bracy Cove. (Holden). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Mixed with other algae, common along the New England coast. Wood's Holl. (Farlow). Salt marshes. (Collins). Growing on sand between tide marks, salt marsh. Wood's Hole. July 1895. (OsterRhode Island. Geneva. (Bennett). hout). Connecticut. Forming a thick coating on turf near high water mark. Seaside Park; in sheets on sandy bottom between tide marks. Cook's Point, September, October. (Holden). New York. Shores of Long Island, Fort Hamilton, Greenport. Summer. (Pike). New Jersey. In brackish pools. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). On moist earth. (Wolle). Texas. 1902. (Fanning). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Illinois. Running water. Big Woods, Cook County. April. (Johnson and Atwell). Dakota. Washington. Growing on the mud in a salt marsh. Pen's (Hobby). Cove, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. In turfs of algae. St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Cuba. (R. de la Sagra).
(Faull).
301.

Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 353. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
93. pi. 14.
f.

12.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 374. 1907.

Myxophyceae
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.
205.
f.

^57
II. Bull.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (M.

U. S. 305. pi. 203. f. 7-9; pi. BenAlgae of Middlesex County. 15. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. nett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 188. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 20. pi. 609. 1889. 2. f. 21. 1894; The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America, Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 189. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. loii. 1903.
16, 17. 1887.

terrestris Desmaz.); Fresh-Water Algae

Collins.

Iowa. Proc. Iowa. Acad.

Sci. 14: 12. 1908.

Plate VI.

fig.

29.

Filaments creeping, rarely entangled and twisted, sometimes branched; forming a black, glistening sheet; sheaths cylindrical, more or less unequal in outline, agglutinated, pointed and closed at the apex, or open and
gradually disappearing, at times entirely diffluent; trichomes 3.5-7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, many within the sheath, closely crowded, usually twisted into cords, the portion extruding from the sheath straight;

apex of trichome gradually tapering and capitate; outer membrane of apical

cell

thickened into a depressed conical calyptra; cells 3-7 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently granulated.
recently
nett).

Alaska. Forming, with other algae, a thin coating on damp ground, Massachusetts. covered by snow. Glacier Bay. (Saunders).

Rhode Island. Common. (Ben(Collins). Iowa. Damp ground. moist earth. (Wolle). NeGrinnell. (Fink). On flower pots in greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan). Washbraska. On damp earth in greenhouses. University. (Saunders). California. In a gutter. ington. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner). West Indies. On moist rock. Rio Berkeley. February 1902. (Gardner).
Newton. (Farlow). Melrose.

New

Jersey.

On

Cobre,
302.

Bog Walk,

Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

Microcoleus lacustris (Rabenhorst) Farlow in Farlow, Anderson and

Eaton. Algae.
Collins,
Oscill. 97. 1893.

Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 227. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

1877.

Gomont. M-onogr.
7.

376. 1907.

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 52. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905.
Setchell.

1899.

no. 307. 1897. Riddle.

Filaments simple or vaguely branched, forked at the apex, twisted and entangled forming a black or blue-green layer; sheaths somewhat thin, mucous and agglutinated, sometimes diffluent, often gradually disappearjoints,

ing at the apex; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at somewhat parallel, the portion extruding from the sheath very straight; apical cell more or less obtuse conical, not capitate; cells 6-12 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents showing scattered coarse granules, pale blue-green.

strata

Connecticut. In tangled felty Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). and disseminated among Scytonema crispum, in pool. North

158
Haven. November 1896. (Holden). under name ofPhormidium
lected in Pennsylvania."
ty.

Minnesota Algae
Pennsylvania. "Distributed by WoUe * * * probably colOhio. Brush Lake, Champaign Coun-

congestum

Setchell.

(Riddle).

303.

Microcoleus paludosus (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.

f.

96. pi. 14.

13.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 376. 1907.

III.

Setchell.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

Erythea.

7: 53. 1899.

Bessey,

Pound and Clements. Additions

to the

Reported

Flo'ra of the State. Bot.

Am.
I.

Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Fasc. 17. no. 802. 1901.

no. 634. 1909.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

Plate VI.

fig.

30.

Filaments entangled, twisted, simple or forked at the apex, growing among other algae or forming a blackish or blue-green stratum; sheaths moderately mucous, open and disappearing at the apex or closed and pointed; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, parallel, straight, or twisted into cords; apical cell not capitate; cells 4-13 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents light blue-green.

Rhode
Lincoln.

Island.

(Osterhout).

Nebraska.

On

wet

soil

in

greenhouse.
(Parish).

(Bessey).

California. In southern part of the state.

In conservatory. Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. September 1900. (GardHaner). In greenhouses. University of California, Berkeley. (Setchell). v/aii. With other algae forming a layer covering rocks on bottom and sides C. Puna, Island of basin of "warm spring." Temperature at 7 a. m. 31 of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

304.

Microcoleus pulvinatus Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

f.

S. 305. pi. 204.

10-14. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 379. 1907.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

in

Britton's
609. 1889.
fig.

Catalogue of

Plants found

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

J. 2:

Plate VI.

31.

Plant mass large, cushion-like, often

in thickness,

1.5

dm.

in diameter,

about

cm.

somewhat hollow in the center, dark olive brown, gelatinousmembranaceous; filaments 12-30 mic. in diameter; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, one, two or three in a sheath. New Jersey. "The thalli', of all possible sizes from one to ten inches
in diameter, are

attached to stones and grasses, looking like boulders in ths

bottom of a
305.

mill race with rapidly running water.'' Baraber. (Wolle).

Microcoleus subtorulosus (Kuetzing) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacees homocystees. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 352. 1890; Monogr.
Oscill. 98. pi. 14.
f.

14, IS. 1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 378. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Ph. subtorulosum Breb.) Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 300. pi. 202. f. 3, 4. 1887. (Lyngbya subtorulosa (Breb.) Wolle). Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13; 1908.
;

Myxophyceae
Plate VI.
fig. 32.

159

Plant mass lead-colored, spreading over aquatic plants and damp soil; filaments somewhat amorphous, fragile; sheaths very mucous, agglutinated; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints, usually numerous within the sheath, parallel, straight; apex of trichome very gradually tapering; apical cell conical or cylindrical conical, not capitate;
cells

S-io mic. granules.

in

length;

cell

contents showing scattered protoplasmic

Florida. Moist ground. (Smith).

Iowa. (Hobby).

Genus

CATAGNYMENE

Lemmermann.
n. d.

Planktonalg. Ergebn. einer Reise

Pacific. 354. 1899.

Filaments multicellular, floating free, surrounded by thin, close sheaths, enclosed in widely expanded, gelatinous diffluent envelopes, separating easily into fragments through the death of cells.
I

Gelatinous envelope 93-100 mic. in diameter; trichomes up to 16 mic in diameter, straight or curved. C. pelagica Gelatinous envelope 150-168 mic. in diameter; trichomes 20-22 mic. in diameter, spirally coiled C. spiralis

II

306.

Catagnymene pelagica Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergebnisse

Rcise nach

einer

naturw. Verein in Bremen. 16: 354- pl. 3. f. 38-40, 42. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 381. 1907.
Pacific.

dem

Abhandl.

d.

Outer envelope 93-100 mic.

in

diameter, gelatinous, colorless; trich-

omes up

to 16 mic. in diameter, straight or curved; apical cell rotund or

possessing a calyptra; cells very short, 3-4 mic. in length.

97.

Hawaii. In plankton, between the islands of Laysan and Hawaii. 1896(Schauinsland).

Var. major Wille. Die Schizophyceen der Plankton-Expedition. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 382. 1907. 7. 1904.
Plate VI.
fig.

51. pl.

I.

f.

33.

Gelatinous envelope 100-165 mic. in diameter; trichomes 21-27 mic. in

diameter.

Bermudas. Plankton. Atlantic Ocean. (Wille).

307.

Catagnymene
Reise nach
pl.
3.
f.

spiralis

Lemmermann.
Abhandl.

Plaftktonalgen. Ergebnisse einer

d.

dem

Pacific.

41, 47-49.

naturw. Verein in Bremen. 354. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34:

619. 1905.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 382. 1907.

Outer envelope 150-168 mic. in diameter, gelatinous, colorless; trichomes 20-22 mic. in diameter, spirally coiled; apical cell rotund; cells 3-4
mic. in length.

Hawaii. In plankton, between the islands of Laysan and Hawaii. 1896-97.

(Schauinsland).

i6o
According
to

Minnesota Algae
Wille,

Oscillatoria capitata West

should be

made
pi.
I.

a variety of this species:

52.

Var. capitata Wille. Die Schizophyceen der Plankton-Expedition.

f.

8, 9.

1904.

Plate VI.

fig.

34-

Filaments irregularly wound or twisted within an oval gelatinous envelope; trichomes 10-14 mic. in diameter.

West
man).

Indies. Lat. 23 44'

N.; long. 45 30'

W. (Murray and

Black-

Genus

HALIARACHNE
free,

Lemmermann.
n.
d.

Planktonalg. Ergebn. einer Reise

Pacific. 353. 1899.

Filaments multicellular, floating

ter,

gate, gelatinous colonies, arranged in

hooked

at

in somewhat globose or elontwo layers, radiating from the centhe apex; reproduction by division of the colony.

308.

Haliarachne
en. 353.

lenticularis

einer Reise nach

pl. 2.

34: 619. 1905.

Ergebnisse naturw. Verein in Bremf. 22-24. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 385. 1907.

Lemmermann. Planktonalgen.
Abhandl.
d.

dem

Pacific.

Colony

lenticular, 450-700 mic. in

diameter; apical

cell

possessing a

calyptra; cells about 8 mic. in diameter, 4-7 mic. in length; cell contents

showing gas vacuoles.

Hawaii. In plankton, between the islands of Lay'san and Hawaii. 189697.

(Schauinsland).

Family

II.

NOSTOCACEAE

Sheaths forming a more or less distinct mucous, gelatinous or membranaceous tegument, mostly confluent, often not present; trichomes consisting of a single row of uniform cells, with heterocysts, usually twisting and entangled, not branched, showing no differentiation of base and apex, reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.
I.

Sheaths inconspicuous, or mucous and

thick
1

diffluent, or gelatinous, firm

and

Trichomes flexuous and contorted, forming

of definite shape
(i)

a plant

mass or colony

Colony usually of a rounded or expanded character, gelatinous, made up of dissolved individual sheaths, attached to the
substratum or floating free in water; heterocysts intercalary

Nostoc
(2)

Colony tubular,
agglutinated

cylindrical; filaments

somewhat
or

straight, parallel,

WoUea
less

Trichomes more or
layer of indefinite

straight,

free,

forming a thin mucous

shape

Myxophyceae
(i)

i6l

Heterocysts and gonidia intercalary

Trichomes

free; cells disc-shaped; shorter than their diameter; gonidia seriate, remote from the heterocysts

Nodularia

B Trichomes

naked, or with a thin mucous sheath, free or aggregated without order to form a flocculent mass; cells equal to or longer than their diameter; gonidia solitary, in pairs or in short series Anabaena
short,

C
(2)

Trichomes

aggregated

in parallel

bundles to form thin,

feathery, plate-like masses

Aphanizomenon
always contiguous to them

Heterocysts terminal and

the* gonidia

Cylindrospermum
II

Sheaths

thin,

membranaceous, persistent; filaments

free or agglutinated

in a parallel
1

manner
Richelia

Sheaths not present; trichomes single, endophytic; heterocysts terminal

Trichomes Trichomes
terminal

single within the sheath; heterocysts intercalary

Aulosira
3

single

within

the

sheath;

heterocysts

intercalary

and

Microchaete

4.

Trichomes usually many within the sheath, forming a membranaceous or filamentous mass Hormothamnion

Genus

NOSTOC

Vaucher. Hist. Conferves.

203. 1803.

Plant mass or colony at first globose or oblong, afterwards assuming various forms (globose, foliose, filiform, buUose) in the different species, solid or hollow, mucous, gelatinous or leathery, made up of tangled trichomes and their more or less dissolved sheaths; filaments flexuous, curved, entangled, coalesced; sheaths sometimes distinct, sometimes invisible;

trichomes often torulose;

drical;

cells depressed spherical, barrel-shaped or cylinheterocysts intercalary and (in younger plants) terminal; gonidia spherical or oblong, developed centrifugally in series between the hetero-

cysts.
I

Plants living in fresh water; forming minute, disc-shaped specks or patches on aquatic plants; plant mass growing at the periphery; N. cuticulare filaments closely contorted.
Plants living in fresh water, microscopic, granular, aggregated, having the appearance of Aphanocapsa; filaments very closely enN. punctiforme tangled; trichomes scarcely distinct. Plants living in fresh water, very minute; trichomes 2-3.5 diameter, distinct.
rnic.

II

III

in

Plant mass very minute, punctiform; filaments loosely flexuous; trichomes 3-3.5 mic. in diameter; gonidia about 4 mic. in diameter, N. paludosum 6-8 mic. in length, oblong

x62
2

Minnesota Algae
Plant mass small, adherent, somewhat globose; orange or green; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, very^ short, strongly curved

N. aureum
3

green, blue-green Plant mass or brownish; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, flexuously curved, N. comminutum somewhat densely entangled
small, gelatinous,
soft,

membranaceous,

IV

Plants living in fresh water; plant mass large, gelatinous, fragile, at first spherical, afterwards becoming torn and irregularly ex-

panded.
1

Filaments numerous, abruptly contorted, entangled; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length N. linckia

Filaments flexuous, loosely entangled

(i)

Gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, spherical; wall of gonidium smooth; N. piscinale trichomes 4 mic. in diameter
Gonidia oblong; wall of gonidium smooth

(2)

A
B

Trichomes

4-4.2 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter,

7-10 mic. in length, contiguous; wall of gonidium becoming N. rivulare brownish or colorless

Trichomes

3.5-4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 8-10

mic. in length, not contiguous; wall of gonidium colorless

N. carneum

Trichomes 4 mic.

diameter; cells different in shape, some cylindrical, others barrel-shaped or spherical depressed; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 10-12 mic. in length, not contiguous; wall of gonidium colorless or becoming yellowish
in

N. spongiaeforme

V
1

Plants living on soil; colonies gelatinous, soft, at first spherical, soon confluent and flattened, attached to soil or mosses
Cells
cylindrical; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-8 mic. in

diameter
(i)

Gonidia 14-19 mic. in length; wall of gonidium smooth N. ellipsosporum Gonidia 8-14 mic.
short spines
in

(2)

length; wall

of

gonidium furnished with N. gelatinosum

Cells oval, spherical or spherical depressed

(i)

Trichomes 3-4 mic.

in diameter; gonidia 4-8 mic. 8-12 mic. in length, oblong, in a catenate series

in

diameter,

N. muscorum
(2)

Trichomes

2.2-3

mic

in

diameter; gonidia 4 mic. in diameter, 6

mic. in length, oval

N. humifusum
first

VI

Plants living on
spherical,

soil,

then

sometimes submerged; colonies free, at expanding symmetrically or irregularly;

cells

somewhat globose.
I

Colonies gelatinous, spongy, lacunose, somewhat pellucid, green, olive or brownish; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 7 mic. in diame-

Myxophyceae
ter,

163
in

7-10 mic.

length, often

oval;

wall

of

colorless
2

gonidium smooth, N. foliaceum

Colonies expanded, irregular or orbicular, very thin, small, membranaceous, pellucid, blue-green; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter

N. punctatum
3

Colonies at first spherical, afterwards becoming flattened and finallyspreading out into irregular, membranaceous sheets; surrounded by a firm outer layer; trichomes 4-5.6 mic. in diameter

N.
4

commune

Colonies

free,

thick, solid,

becoming irregularly plicate-tuberculate, surrounded by a firm outer layer; trichomes 4-5 mic. in
spherical,

diameter; gonidia S mic. in diameter, 7 mic. in length, oval; wall of gonidium thick, smooth, becoming brownish

N. sphaericum
5

Colonies spherical, finally becoming flattened, membranaceous; trichomes 2.5-3 rnic. in diameter N. minutum
Plants living in hot water; colonies indefinitely expanded, laciniate; filaments 2 mic. (?) in diameter N. calidarium

Colonies somewhat spherical, small, very hard, sometimes soft, with surface often corrugated; trichomes 6.5-8.2 mic. in diameter N. austinii
Plants living on soil or in fresh water; colonies spherical, surrounded by a firm outer layer. Plants living on soil
(i)

VII
1

Colonies small; trichomes 8-9 mic. in diameter; gonidia somewhat spherical, two or three times larger than the cells; wall N. macrosporum of gonidium thin, very smooth Colonies spherical or oblong, rarely beyond i cm. in diameter, somewhat pellucid; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 9-15 mic. in length, oval N. microscopicum

(2)

(3)

Colonies small or of medium size, spherical; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, exactly spherical; N. sphaeroides wall of gonidium somewhat thick, rough

(i)

Plants living in fresh water Colonies irregularly somewhat orbicular, gregarious and sometimes aggregated; trichomes 5 mic. in diameter N. depressum

(2)

Colonies spherical, usually aggregated in grape-like clusters; trichN. glomeratum omes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter

(3)

Colonies gregarious, pellucid, sky blue or blue-green; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped N. caeruleum
Colonies spherical, surrounded by a leathery outer layer; trichN. pruniforme omes 4-6 mic. in diameter
Plants living in fresh water, attached; colonies somewhat spherical, bullate, rarely disc-shaped, surrounded by a firm outer layer; trich-

(4)

VIII

omes

slender.

164
1

Minnesota Algae
Trichomes
3-3.5

mic.

in

diameter,

especially cylindrical;

gonidia S

mic. in diameter, 7 mic. in length; wall of gonidium

smooth N. verrucosum

Trichomes

2-3 mic. in diameter, distinctly torulose; gonidia 3-4 mic.

in diameter, 5-6 mic. in length; wall of

gonidium smooth, brown N. amplissimutn

Filaments radiating from the center, flexuous, very densely twisted and entangled near the surface; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter; gonidia 4-5 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, oval; wall of goN. parmelioides nidium smooth, yellowish

309.

Nostoc cuticulare (Brebisson)

Bornet and Flahault. Revision des Nostocacees heterocystees contenues dans des principaux herbiers de France. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 187. 1888. De Toni. Syll.
s: 387.

Algar.
Collins,

1907.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

7.

no. 308.

1897.

Plant mass flattened, adnate, forming thin, orbicular, confluent, dark blue-green patches; filaments closely entangled, here and there forming denser clusters; sheaths more or less distinct, wide, gelatinous, transparent; trichomes 3.8-4 mic. in diameter, torulose; cells barrel-shaped, equal to or a little longer than the diameter; heterocysts barrel-shaped, equal to or a little larger than the cells; cell contents blue-green.

New
310.

York.

On

leaves of Potamogeton. Ithaca. (Atkinson).

Nostoc punctiforme (Kuetzing) Harlot. Le Genre Polycoccus Kuetzing. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 5: 29. i8gi. Reinke. Zwei parasitische Algen. Bot. Zeit. 37: 473. pi. 6. f. 1-5. 1879. (Anabaena cycadearum Reinke). Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot' VII. 7: 189. 1888. (N. hederulae Menegh.). Sauvageau. Sur le Nostoc punctiforme. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. 3: 367. pi. 17. 1897. Pampaloni. II Nostoc punctiforme nei suoi rapporti coi Tubercoli Radicali delle
Ital.

N.

S. 8: 6z6. pi. 5. 1901.

De

Cicadee. Nuovo Giornale Bot. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 388. 1907.

revoluta. Bot. Gaz. 19: 25.

II. no. 171. 1896; List of

Schneider. Mutualistic Symbiosis of Algae and Bacteria with Cycas Tilden. American Algae. Cent. pi. 3, 4. 1894.

Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during Life. The Tuber-like 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898. Rootlets of Cycas revoluta. Bot. Gaz. 31: 265. 1901. Lemmermann. AlBuchanan. Notes on genfl. Sandwich. -Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.
the Algae of Iowa. Proc.

Iowa Acad.
Plate VI.

Sci. 14: 12. 1908.

fig.

35-37-

Colonies

small,

somewhat globose,

scattered

or

confluent,

adnate;

filaments flexuous, very densely entangled; sheaths close, transparent, mucous; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter; cells depressed spherical or elliptical; heterocysts 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, transparent; gonidia somewhat spherical

outer

or oblong, 5-6 mic. in diameter, 5-8 mic. in length, with thick, smooth, membrane; cell contents finely granular, light olive green.

Minnesota. In roots of

Cycas revoluta.

University Plant House,

Myxophyceae

165

Minneapolis. December 1896. (Tilden). Iowa. In nodular thickenings on the roots of Cycas revoluta. Greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan).

Hawaii. "Sandwich Islands." 1896-97. (Schauinsland).

311.

Nostoc paludosum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

2: i. pi. i. f. 2. 1850. Janczewski. Observations sur la Reproduction de quelques Nostochinees. 'Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V. 19: 125. pi. 9. f. B. 1874. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 191. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 390.

1907.
fig.

Plate VI.

38.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. 'Bot. Jahrb. 34: 621. 1905. Plant mass very minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, punctiform, gelatinous; filaments loosely flexuous; sheaths wide, bullose; trichomes 3-3.5 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped, equal in length to the diameter; heterocysts a little larger than the vegetative cells, light-colored; gonidia 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6-8 mic. in length, oval, 'blue-green, with a very thin, smooth, transparent outer membrane.
'

Lemmermann.

Hawaii. In ditches and pools between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu.

'

1896-97. (Schauinsland).
312.

Nostoc aureum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Syll.

2:

i.

pi.

i.

f.

4.

1850.

De

Toni.

Algar.

5: 391.

1907.

Dickie. On the Algae Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 9. 1880.

found during the

Arctic

Expedition.

Journ.

Colonies

small,

somewhat
sometimes
single

elastic,

adherent, somewhat globose, orange or green, soft, mucous within; trichomes 2-2.5 niic. in diameter, very

short, strongly curved, loosely entangled,

sometimes nearly straight;

often

cells

crowded,

sometimes
in series.

separated,

continuous,

somewhat

globose or oblong, blue-green; heterocysts 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical,

and scattered or

Arctic Regions.

Among mud from

must have been conveyed by currents from the with dust from a dried-up pool." Dickie.

Floeberg, 82 27' N. (Moss). "It land, or blown off shore

313.

Nostoc comminutum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 393. 1908.

2: 3. pi. 10.

f.

2.

1850.

De

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. Water Algae of Maine.I. Bull. Torr.

Catalogue of Plants found
in

282.

1887.

Harvey. The Fresh161.

J.

Bot. Club. 15:

1888.

Britton.

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

2: 606. 1889.

Plant mass small, gelatinous-membranaceous, soft, sometimes green or blue-green, sometimes becoming dull brownish; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, fiexuously curved, somewhat densely entangled; cells spherical or depressed spherical, strongly compressed, closely or loosely connected; heterocysts exactly spherical, up to twice the diameter of the cells, intercalary, rarely terminal; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

Maine. United States. Floating in ditches and smaller ponds. (Wolle). Abundant in a gathering made from a pool in the Penobscot at Great New Jersey. On pond waters, frequent. (Wolle). Works. (Merrill).

i65
314.

Minnesota Algae
Nostoc linckia (Roth) Bornet
ogiques. 86.
pi.

Bornet and Thuret. Notes AlgolJanczewski. Observations sur la Reproduction de quelques Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V. 19: 127. pi. 9. f. C. 1874. (N. minutissimum Jancz.). Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 192. 1888.
in
18.
f.

1-12.

1880.

De
vicensibus

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 391. 1907.

Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis SandBerggren 1875 reportatis. 5. 1878. (N. intricatum Erythea. 4: 89. 1896. I. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. Menegh.). BesCollins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 507. 1898. sey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of NorthwestSurv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901.

Nordstedt.

De

a Sv.

ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 189. 1903. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.
Plate VII.
fig.
I.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl.

Colonies of various sizes, sometimes punctiform, expanded, at first globose, soon becoming enlarged and finally clathrate-fenestrate and irregularly torn, sometimes into filiform portions, gelatinous, blue-green or
violet in color, or

becoming darker; filaments numerous, abruptly twisted and flexuous; sheaths distinct near the surface of the mass, within confluent and transparent; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, pale gray-green;
cells short,

depressed globose; heterocysts S-6 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, somewhat glo-

bose, with a

smooth outer membrane becoming darker with age.

New Haven. (Setchforms thickish sheets of a pale green color and very much crumpled. Occasionally some trace of its original globular shape is preserved and it forms large imperfect bladders several inches in diameter." Setchell. South Dakota. In clear running spring water. Roberts County. (Saunders). "At first forming small, solid spherical masses, attached to stones, weeds, etc., finally becoming detached and forming hollow, torn, warty, dark brown masses, sometimes 10 cm. in diameter." Collins, Holden and Nebraska. In ponds. South Bend. (Bessey). Setchell. Washington. Floating, intermingled with other algae, on ponds of fresh water. Near Coupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Hawaii. With Conferva sandvicensis and other algae in ponds. Paoa Valley, Oahu. 1875.
Connecticut. Occurring in Lake Saltonstall, near
"It
ell).

(Berggren).

315.

Nostoc piscinale Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 208. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 194. 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 393. 1907.

Acad, i: 346. 1897. (N. rivulare). Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 355. 1897. Richter. Susswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 5. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 11 11. 1897. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905. 1903.
McClatchie. Proc. Southern
Calif.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Myxophyceae
Plate VII.
fig.

167
2.

Colonies at first globose, light blue-green, afterwards becoming bullose and variously tuberculate, mucous or gelatinous, dark blue-green; filaments
flexuous, moderately entangled; sheaths distinct near the surface of the mass, dark-colored, those in the interior confluent, transparent; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, pale olive green; cells depressed spherical or about twice as long as the diameter; heterocysts 4-5.6 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical or oblong; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, globose, in a longcatenate series, approximate, with a smooth, transparent outer layer grown together with the sheath.

Greenland. Karajak. (Richter). Canada. Pool near Bow River, LagCalifornia. In stagnant gan. Alberta. July 1901. (Butler and PoUey). Hawaii. In ditches and pool. Near Pasadena. May 1896. (McClatchie). pools between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).
316.

Nostoc rivulare Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
1888.

3.

pi.

10.

f.

3.

1850.

Bornet

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 195.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

of

5: 395.

1907.
Calif.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae

1903.

Northwestern America. Univ.

Pub. Bot.

i: 189.

Colonies at first globose, of various sizes, soon becoming bullate, tuberculate, hollow, then irregularly torn and perforated, lobed, fragile, at first light green, when older becoming yellowish or of various colors;
filaments loosely entangled, moderately flexuous; sheaths distinct, yellowish at the surface of the mass, those in the interior transparent and confluent; trichomes 4-4.2 mic. in diameter; cells spherical oblong, a little

longer than the diameter; heterocysts 5-6 mic. in diameter, oblong; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, 7-10 mic. in length, oblong or barrel-shaped, contiguous when mature, with smooth, transparent or dark-colored outer

membrane.
pools.

Alaska. Forming floating masses of light brown jelly in springs and Washington. Near Huntville, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Near Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner).

317.

Nostoc carneum Agardh. Syst. Algar. 22. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Bot. VII. 7: 196. 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. s
:

395- I907-

Setchell and Gardner. Algae

of

Pub. Bot.

i:

190.

1903.

Collins,

Holden and

Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.

Fasc. 29. no. 1403- I907Plate VII.

fig.

3-

Colonies globose

when young,

later bullose, tuberculate, hollow, after-

wards becoming irregular in form, expanded, diffluent into a gelatinous mucus, flesh-colored, dark-colored or pale blue-green; filaments loosely entangled, moderately flexuous; sheaths indistinct, transparent; trichomes diameter; cells oblong cylindrical, about twice as long as wide; <(.S-4 mic. in
heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, oblong; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 8-10

i68
mic. in length, oval or elliptical, separated transparent thin outer membrane.

Minnesota Algae
when mature, with
a smooth,

jelly on surface of streams. Connecticut. Floating in a spring, in irregularly rounded masses, from the size of a pin head to S cm. in Washington. Green diameter. Mount Carmel. October 1907. (Graves). Lake, Seattle. (Gardner).

Alaska.

Forming brown,

floating

masses of

Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Lawson).

318.

Nostoc spongiaeforme Agardh. Syst. Algar. 22. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 197. 1888.

De
Tilden.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 397. 1907.

of Fresh-water
i: 236.

Rich-^ Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 8: Heft. 42. A. 5. Tilden. Am. Alg. Century VI. no. 579. 1902. Collins, Holden 1897. and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1064. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 190. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 190^. 1903. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. I. no. 633. 1909.
1895.
ter.

American Algae. Cent. I. no. 83. 1894; List collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Stud,

Algae

Plate VII.

fig. 4,

5.

globose, afterwards expanded, verrucose, bullose, pale blue-green-violet, or reddish; filaments flexuous, loosely enfirst

Colonies gelatinous, at

tangled; sheaths in the interior confluent, those near the outside of the mass more or less distinct, yellowish or dark-colored; trichomes about 4 mic. in diameter, blue-green or violet; cells different in shape, some cylindrical, up to 7 mic. in length, others barrel-shaped or depresed-spherical; heterocysts 7-8 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose or oblong; gonidia 6-7 mic. wide, 10-12 mic. long, oblong, separated; wall of gonidium smooth, later becoming dark-colored.

Greenland. Ikerasak. Very abundant. (Richter). Minnesota. Floating on surface of water in tank. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1894; on mosses and weeds in stagnant pond and on muddy ground. Woodland Park, Duluth. (Tilden). Washington. Floating in a small pool of fresh water. Edge of Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner). California. Lake Chabot, San Leandro, Alameda county. June 1902. (Osterhout and GardHawaii. In bogs in Nuanu, Oahu. (Schauinsland). ner).
319 A.

Nostoc ellipsosporum (Desmazieres) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 169. 1865. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 7: 198. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Class.
S.

5:

398.

1907.
29.

Schramm and Maz6.

Essai
14.

(Hormosiphon antillarum
Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe.
Collins,

Algues and M.).

Guadeloupe.

1865.

Maze and Schramm.

1870-1877. (L.

antillarum
2.

Crouan).

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig.

no. 59. 1895.

Plate VII.

6-10.

Plant mass gelatinous, expanded, adhering by under surface, irregularly mammillary, reddish or dark-colored; filaments flexuous, laxly entangled; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, pale blue-green or olive; cells

Myxophyceae
similar
in

169
length;

form, cylindrical, 6-14 mic. in

heterocysts

somewhat

spherical or oblong, 6-7 mic. wide, 6-14 mic. long; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, 14-19 mic. long, elliptical or oblong-cylindrical; wall of gonidia

smooth, transparent or yellowish.

Michigan. Growing over grass and moss, on wet clay bank, forming reddish-brown gelatinous masses, irregularly lobed and fusing into layers. Minnesota. On wet rocks. MinAnn Arbor. September 1892. (Johnson). nehaha Falls, Minneapolis. August 1883. (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).
319 B.

Nostoc gelatinosum Schousboe in Bornet. Deuxieme Note sur les Gonidies des Lichens. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V. 19: 318. 1874. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. VII. 7: 199. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. s: 399. 1905.
Plate VII.
fig.

II.

Colonies more than a centimeter in diameter, gelatinous, irregularly expanded, buUate-tubercuIate, brownish; filaments flexuous, loosely entangled; sheaths near the outside of colony distinct, those in the interior hyaline and confluent; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; cells 5-10 mic. in length, oblongcylindrical; heterocysts $ mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length, elliptical; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, 8-14 mic. in length, with truncate apices, pale brownish in color; wall of gonidium furnished with minute spines.

Minnesota. With

Anthoceros

on bank of

ditch.

Near Minneapolis.

September
320.

1904. (Hillesheim).

Nostoc muscorum Agardh. Dispositio. Algar. Sueciae. 44. 1812. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 200.
1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

J.

5: 400.

1907.

Dickie. In Hooker,

D.

An Account

of the Plants collected

by Dr.

Greenland and Arctic America, etc. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot". 5: 86. 1861; Notes on a collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound Farlow. by Mr. James Taylor, etc. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 241. 1867. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 282. pi. 197. f. 35. 1887. 236. 1883. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 163. 1888. (Also N. collinum). Anderson and Kelsey. Common and conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 394. 1900. of Nebraska. 18. 1894. West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the
in

Walker

Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae. Cent. VI. no. 580. 1902. western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 190. 1903. and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. mo. 1903. the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes

West

Tilden.

American

Algae of NorthCollins,

Holden
Algae of
Isaac

Collins.

of the late

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Holden. II. Rhodora 7: 242. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 121 1. 1905. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 11. 1908.

170
Plate VII.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
12-14.

Plant mass gelatinous-membranaceous, irregularly expanded, adhering surface, tuberculose, dull olive or dark-colored; filaments flexuous, densely entangled; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, similar, olive; cells spherical or barrel-shaped, or cylindrical, about twice as long as broad; heterocysts somewhat globose, 6-7 mic. in diameter; gonidia 4-8 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length, oblong, in a catenate series, numerous; wall

by under

of

gonidium smooth, yellowish.

Arctic Regions. Fresh water. Port Kennedy. (Lat. 72 N.) (Walker). Alaska. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. July 1899; forming soft gelatinous lumps and masses of various shapes, on rocks among mosses, Amaknak Cave,

Amaknak

Island,

Bay

of

Unalaska.
Strait.

(Setchell

and Lawson).

Canada.

(Taylor). In brown bunches on sides of rock among moss. Just above high tide. Baird Point. Minnesota Seaside Station, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. August 1898. (Tilden). Newfoundland. Signal Hill, St. Johns. July 1897. (Holden). Maine. On sand by roadside, near seashore, in company with Microcoleus vagi-

Cumberland Sound, Davis

Harpswell. July 1904. (Collins). New Hampshire. On mosses. near Shelburne. 1882, 1883. (Farlow). Massachusetts. Maiden swamp in Middlesex Fells, Newton. (Farlow). Minnesota. On moist ground, among mosses and liverworts. St. Louis Park, Minneapolis. Iowa. On the stems of mosses. Fayette. 1905. October 1901. (Hone). Nebraska. On wet rocks and on the moss covering them. (Fink). Montana. Abundant on moss under dripping rocks. (Ander(Saunders). Washington. Moist ground just above high watei son and Kelsey). mark. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. Growing on sides ot road. Fort Charlotte, St. Vincent Island.

natus
Berlin

Falls,

321.

Nostoc humifusum Carmichael sec. Harvey in Hooker's British Flora. 2: 399. 1833. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 201. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 402. 1907. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 280, 282. 1887. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.
30:
269.

West

Further Contribution to the Freshwater 189s; Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900.
Plate VII.
fig.

Algae of the

IS.

Plant mass gelatinous or mucous, irregular, of various sizes, sometimes punctiform, sometimes widely expanded from the confluence of many

brownish in color, adherent on under surfilaments twisted and flexuous, densely entangled; sheaths usually yellowish and distinct throughout the mass, sometimes not distinct; trichcolonies, tuberculate, olive or
face;

omes 2.2-3 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat globose or twice as long as the diameter; heterocysts 3 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 4 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. in length, somewhat globose or oval, with smooth and yellowish outer membrane; cell contents blue-green.
Florida. Colonies "inflated even to the size of a man's head." Island (Smith). West Indies. On lime-trees. Shanford Estate; on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), November and December

of Anastatia.

Myxophyceae
1892; in stream,
(Elliott).

171

Wotten Waven, January and February

1896,

Dominica.

322.

Nostoc foliaceum Mougeot. Stirpes Vogeso-Rhenanae. Fasc. 14. no. 1372. 1854. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 7: 202. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 403.

1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 485. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 168. 1902.
Plate VII.
fig.

16.

spongy, lacunose, somewhat pellucid, green or olive, becoming brownish; filaments flexuous, entangled, pale bluegreen; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; cells spherical compressed; heteroPlant mass
gelatinous,

cysts 7 mic. in diameter,

somewhat

spherical; gonidia 7 mic. in diameter,

7-10 mic. in length, often oval; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless.

at side of road. 323.

Hawaii. In globules among mosses and liverworts on dripping South of Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

cliflfs

Nostoc punctatum Wood. Contr.

America.
32. 1874.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae North

5: 404. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plant mass expanded, irregular or orbicular, very thin, small, membranaceous, pellucid, blue-green; filaments loosely interwoven, variously curved; cells 4 mic. in diameter, globose or often elliptical, mostly pellucid in the center, loosely connected; heterocysts S mic. in diameter, terminal
or intercalary.

New
324.

Jersey.

Damp

Ground. September. (Austin).

Nostoc commune Vaucher. Histoire des Conferves d'eau douce. 222. pi. 16. f. I. 1803. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 203.

1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 404Suppl. II. 134.

1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali Americana. Part

1858.

III.

113,

114-

Dickie. Rabenh., N. arcticum Harv.). Algae. Hooker. An Account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in Greenland and Arctic America during the Expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht "Fox." Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861; Notes on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Taylor, and Remarks on Arctic Species in General. Journ. Linn.

(N.

verrucosum

Soc. Bot. 9: 240. 1867.

Wood.
Dickie.
Soc.

America.

32,

37.

1874.

On

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North the Algae found during the Arctic
17:
8.

Expedition. Journ. Linn. the Detroit River. Bull.

Bot.

1880.

Campbell. Plants of

Torn

Water Algae U.
Island. 114. 1888.

S.

283. pi.

WoUe. FreshBot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Bennett. Plants of Rhode 197. f. 8. 1887.

WoUe

and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of

Wittrock Plants found in New Jersey. Geo!. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1889. Anderson and and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 890. 1890. Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Smith and Pound. Flora of the Sand Hill Region of Club. 18: 144. 1891.

172

Minnesota Algae

Saunders. Sheridan and Cherry Counties. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 30. 1893. Nelson. The Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 1.7. 1894.

Cryptogams
port.
403.
5.

of

1900.

1898.

Station. Tenth Ann. ReHolden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. Trelease and Saunders. Plants of Yakutat Bay. Harriman
Collins,

Wyoming. Wyoming Experiment

Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Alaska Expedition, no. 502. 1899. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Tilden. AmeriAlaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3. 397. 1901. can Algae. Cent. V. no. 486. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Cent. VI. no. 581. 1902; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Setchell and GardBook of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 169. 1902. ner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 190. 1903. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1210. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich. -Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Club 35: 247. 1908. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Acad. Sci. 14: 11. igo8.

Fasc. 31. no. 1504. 1908.

Plate VIII.

fig.

I.

Plant mass gelatinous, firm, in the beginning spherical, afterwards becoming flattened, finally spreading out into undulating, folded, fleshy or membranaceous, entire or torn, often perforated sheets, leathery on the surface, blue-green, olive or brown in colorj filaments flexuous, entangled;

more

sheaths usually brownish near the- surface of the mass, in the interior or less distinct, often colorless; trichomes 4.5-6 mic. in diameter; cells depre'ssed spherical or barrel-shaped; heterocysts 7 mic. in diameter, somewhat spli'erical, often up to three or five in number; gonidia not known.
Arctic Regions. In several localities and in various stages. From sea up to 1000 feet. Prevoost Island; shores of Hayes Sound; Floeberg Beach; Egerton Valley. (Dickie). On naked soil in boggy ground. Assistance Bay, Lat. 75 40' N. (Sutherland). Beechey Island. (Lyall). Fresh
level

water.

Port Kennedy. (Walker).

Alaska.

Forming

thin leathery thalli

and shape, on damp ground. Near Glacier Bay. (Saunders). Hidden Glacier, Yakutat Bay. June 1899. (Trelease). Assuming various shapes, from discoid thalli to flat expansions of considerable extent, on soil or on rocks. St. Michael. (Setchell). Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Greenland. On stones in fresh water stream and pools of Lawson). fresh water. Disko Island. (Lyall). Canada. Various parts of the shores of the Gulf, Cumberland Sound, Davis Strait. (Taylor). Massachusetts. On steep wet rock near Winchester North Reservoir. June 1904.
of indefinite size

Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Connecticut. On limeRoad near Gaylordsville. October. (Holden). New Jersey. On wet ground, common. (Austin). Dripping rocks. Palisades, Bergen. (Wolle). Maryland. On a grassy bank in sandy s^oil. Loch Raven, Baltimore county.
(Collins).

stone.

July 1897. (Waters).

Georgia.

On

moist ground
1908.

among

Thomson, McDuffee County. August

(Bartlett).

various plants. Texas. On mud

Myxophyceae
flats.

173

Indiana. Near BloomCedar Bayou, Harris County. (Ravenel). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near mouth of Detroit River. Minnesota. On damp ground on hillside. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Mendota. October 1901. (Hillesheim and Lilley). Iowa. A very common alga in the damp margins of marshy places. Iowa City. 1880. (Hobby). Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan). Grinnell. 1904. (Fink). Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan). Nebraska. On the ground and in shallow ponds in a pass between two wet valleys. Cherry County. July 1892. (Smith and Pound). Frequent on damp earth and in stagnant or running water. Often found covering the ground for some distance in damp places. (Saunders). Kansas. Attached to bare patches of soil. (Parry). Montana. "Common throughout the state. On the high foot-hills (5,000-7,000 feet), on the alkaline plains and in the valleys. In inundated places, where the water is kept warm by the sun's rays, this Nostoc grows with marvelous rapidity, and frequently attains a diameter of ten inches and a half in thickness." Wyoming. Very plentiful in small pools on (Anderson and Kelsey). ledges of rock. Telephone Canon, Albany County. April 1897. (Nelson). Washington. Whidbey Island. New Mexico. Santa Fe. (Fendler). Mexico. On damp soil in autumn; common after rain on (Gardner). Bermudas. On the ground. dry flats. Rio Bravo (Rio Grande). (Schott). West Indies. In crusts on Castle Point. February 1898. (Richards). Hawaii. sandy soil. Constant Spring, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). In dense forest. Near Halfway House, Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland). Forming gelatinous, firm, flat wrinkled masses on boards of flume (not covered by water), head of flume. (2,300 feet). Pacific Sugar Mill, Hamaington. (Brown).
kua, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

Var. flagelliforme (Berkeley and Curtis) Bornet and Flahault. Wright. Plantae Texanae. no. 3809. Harvey. 1. c. 115. Wood. 226. De Toni. 1. c. 408.
206.

1. 1.

c.

c.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. Exsicc. no. 100. 1878. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891.

Am.

Fasc. 31. no. 1505. 1908.

Plant mass filiform, up to 3-4

mm.

in width, firm;

trichomes parallel.

Montana. On naked aluminous soil. San Pedro. (Wright). Very common on the alkali plains about Helena. It has the appearance of "small weather-beaten, entangled tufts of black horsehair.'' (Anderson Mexico. On sandy soil. Mazapil, Zacatecas. (Lloyd). and Kelsey).
Texas.
325.

Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher. Histoire des Conferves d'eau douce. 223. pi. 16. f. 2. 1803. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot.

VII.

7: 208. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 409. 1907.

Wood.

Contr.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae

North America.

30.

1872.

Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Collins. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 283. pi. 197. f. 18-20. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants 114. 1888. Anderson and Kelfound in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: .606. 1889. sey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.

174
i8:
144.

Minnesota Algae
1891.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from

the

West

Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 269. 1895.

Collins. Algae. Flora

of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896. Collins, Holden and Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 291. 1898.

Bessey, Pound and Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 755. igoo. Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. NeTilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 582. 1902. braska. 5: 12. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Bot. i: 191. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa. 30. no. 1453. 1908. Acad. Sci. 14: 11. igo8.
Setchell.

Plate VIII.

fig.

2.

Colonies

free,

spherical

1-15

mm.

in

diameter,

finally

becoming

ir-

regularly plicate-tuberculate, thick, sometimes 6-7 cm. in diameter, solid,

surrounded by a firm outer layer, olive green, yellowish or violet, becoming brownish; filaments flexuous, densely entangled; trichomes 4 rarely 5 mic. in diameter; cells spherical compressed or barrel-shaped; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 5 mic. in diaineter, 7 mic. in length, oval; wall of gonidium thick, smooth, becoming brownish.
Alaska. On dripping rocks among mosses. Amaknak Island, Bay of Maine. Minute colonies free, among Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawsonj. various algae, in salt marsh pools. Harpswell. July 1905. (Collins). Massachusetts. In minute blackish or greenish rounded masses on wet Rhode rocks, near the Cascade. Melrose, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). New Jersey. Abundant on wet rocks. Island. Providence. (Bennett). Pennsylvania. Adhering to mosses and twigs in the water. (Wolle). North Carolina. On wet rocks Spring Mills, near Philadelphia. (Wood). Michigan. Grosse Isle. Near with moss. Tryon. March 1897. (Green). Minnesota. mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Among mosses on cliff overhanging stream. Dalles of the St. Louis River, Iowa. Iowa City. Fond du Lac, near Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Nebraska. On soil in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Hobby). Ames. (Bessey). (Bessey). Montana. Damp rocks in shady ravines. (Anderson and Kelsey). West Indies. On damp wall of dam in Sharp's River, St. Vincent.

May
326.

1892.' (Elliott).

Nostoc minutum Desmazieres. Plantes Cryptog. de France, ist Ed. Fasc. II. no. 50. 1831. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 209. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 4ii.
1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae

of

Northwestern America. Univ.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.

i:

191, 1903.

Plant mass minute, gregarious, spherical, finally becoming flattened, membranaceous, up to 10 mm. in diameter; filaments densely entangled;

trichomes 2.5-3 'c. in diameter; in diameter; gonidia unknown.

cells

barrel-shaped; heterocysts 4-5 mic.

Myxophyceae
Alaska.

175
dripping rocks,

On

much mixed with

Hist.

other algae of a gelatinous

nature. Iliuliuk, Unalaska.

327.

(Setchell and

Lawson).

Nostoc calidarium Wood. Contr.

America.
34. pi. 2.
f.

Fresh-Water Algae North

5: 409, 423. 1907.

2.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

fig. 3.

Plate VIII.

Plant mass indefinitely expanded, either membranaceous

oi-

coriaceous

gelatinous, bright or dull olive green or olive brown, irregularly

and

deeply sinuate, finally neatly laciniate; filaments 2 mic. (?) in diameter, unequal, sometimes flexuously curved but mostly straight and closely joined, occurring in two forms; the one small, with cylindrical cells, scattered heterocysts and diffluent sheaths, if any; the other form very large, with globose or oblong cells and heterocysts not different from the other cells.
California.

In

Benton's
(Partz).
328.

Spring,

hot springs. Temperature 110-120 and 124-135. F. Owen's Valley, sixty miles southwest from Aurora.

Nostoc

austinii
1872.

Wood.

ica. 27.

De

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 411. 1907.

Amer-

Colonies somewhat spherical, small, mostly the size of fish eggs, but reaching the diameter of nearly 4 mm., sometimes very hard, sometimes much softer, with surface often corrugated, brownish or blackish; filaments variously curved, densely entangled or distantly and loosely interwoven, greenish, brownish, lead-colored or yellowish brown; sheaths often distinct in smaller colonies, those in larger ones indistinct or not visible; trichomes 6.5-8.2 mic. in diameter; cells spherical, often in pairs; heterocysts equal to diameter of cells or a little larger, spherical, intercalary or terminal, cell contents coarsely granular.

New
(Austin).
329.

Jersey.

Growing amidst mosses on

rocks.

Near

Gloucester.

Nostoc macrosporum Meneghini. Monographia Nostochinearum ital. 116. pi. 14. f. 2. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 209. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 412. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 284. 1887. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901.
Plate VIII.
fig.

4-

Colonies small, solid, spherical or

oblong, blue-green

or

olive,

bespi-

coming brownish; filaments loosely entangled, flexuously curved, or

rally rolled; sheaths often distinct, yellowish; trichomes 8-9 mic. in
ter,

diame-

especially cylindrical; cells short, disc-shaped, or equalling the diameter in length, closely connected; heterocysts 9-10 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia (according to Borzi) "globose, angular from mutual

pressure, or globose-compressed,

two or three times larger than the

cell

cells;

wall

of

gonidium

thin,

very smooth";

contents pale blue-green

or

olive green.

176

Minnesota Algae
algae.

New Hampshire. Mixed with other Nebraska. Lake Willoughby. (Farlow).

(Bessey).
330.

The

"Flume,''

Shelburne,

On

pots in greenhouse. Lincoln.

Nostoc microscopicum Carmichael. Harvey in Hooker's British Flora. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. 5: 399. 1833.
Nat. Bot.

VIL

7: 210. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 413. 1907.

Dickie. Notes Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part IIL 115. 1858. on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Farlow. Notes on the CrypTaylor. Journ. Linn. Sec. Bot. 9: 241. 1867. togamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (N. Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine. L Bull. rupestre Kg.).
.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 161. 1888. 1888. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found
in
ell.

Collins, Holden and SetchJersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1889. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 256. 1897. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1109. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Collins. Algae Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 191. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

New

Plate VIII.

fig.

5i

Colonies spherical or oblong, rarely beyond

at
first

cm. in diameter,

soft,

glistening, finally

becoming

olive

or brownish; filaments loosely

entangled; sheaths more or less distinct, yellowish, "contrasting with the generally uncolored jelly" (Cooke); trichomes S-8 mic. in diameter; cells
spherical; heterocysts 7 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 9-15 mic. in length, oval, olive; wall of gonidium smooth; cell contents sky blue or violet-green.

somewhat

Canada.

On

berland Sound.

stones in a small stream. Baffin's Bay. (Sutherland). CumMaine. In a lake near Houlton. (Harvey). (Taylor).

New

Hampshire. On rocks. The "Flume." (Farlow). Vermont. On wet Ripton Gorge. September 1896. (Farlow). Massachusetts. On pebbles in rather shallow water. Suntaug Lake, Peabody. September 1892.
rocks.
(Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). Connecticut. Sage's Ravine, Salisbury, below First Falls. October. (Holden). New Jersey. Washington. Floating, intermingled Frequent on moist rocks. (WoUe). with other algae. Whidbey Island; Seattle. (Gardner). West Indies.

On
331.

steps into reservoir. Constant Spring. April 1893.

(Humphrey). "Chan-

cery Lane Estate," Barbados. (Howard).

Nostoc sphaeroides Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 2. pi. 4. f. i. 1850. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII 7: 212.
1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 415.

1907.

Hall. List 04 the Marine Algae growing in Long Island Sound within 20 miles of New Haven. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 112. 1876. Collins.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 454. 1898. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska

Myxophyceae
Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad.
Sci.

'i-77

3: 398.

1901.

Setchell
i:

and Gardner.
1903.

Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.

191.

Colonies of medium size, spherical, green becoming bluish; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter, tapering at the apices; gonidia (>-^ mic. in diameter, exactly spherical, angular from mutual pressure, orange becoming brownish; wall of gonidium somewhat thick, rough.
Alaska. Forming a soft, bluish green coating on rocks near Juneau. (Saunders). Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). Fresh Pond, Cambridge. (Richards). Connecticut. Pools. Whitneyville and Beaver Meadows. (Eaton).
332.

Nostoc depressum Wood. Contr.

America. 30:
1872.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae North

5: 415. 1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Colonies irregularly suborbicular, gregarious and sometimes aggregated, elastic, surrounded by a firm, translucent outer layer, about the size of a mustard seed or smaller, adhering to submerged mosses, blackish in color; filaments mostly loosely interwoven; sheaths not present; trichomes 3 mic. in diameter; cells spherical, generally rather closely connected, rarely distant: heterocysts, 7 mic. in diameter, rather larger than the cells.

New
333.

Jersey. Attached to a brook moss, growing in a rapid rivulet in

the northern part of the state. (Austin).

Nostoc glomeratum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:

2: 2. pi. 3.

f.

5.

1850.

De

415.

1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

III. Bull.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.

Plate VIII.

fig. 6, 7.

Colonies spherical, usually aggregated in grape-like clusters, leadcolored or becoming somewhat purplish, with inconspicuous outer layer; trichomes 3.S-4 mic. in diameter, more or less densely entangled, somewhat equal in thickness; cells spherical, crowded; heterocysts ^-^.^ mic. in diameter.
California.
334.

On

filaments of old

Cladophora.

(Anderson).

Nostoc caeruleum Lyngbye. Hydrophytologia danica. 201. pi. 68. 1819. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. f. B.
Bot. VII. 7: 213. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 416. 1907.

Freshwater Algae. North America. 31. 1872 Wolle and Martindale. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 284. 1887. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 84. 1894; List of Fresh2: 606. 1889. Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. i: 236. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 191. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1166. 1904.

Wood.

Contr.

Hist.

Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14:

11.

1908.
fig.

Plate VIII.

8.

Colonies

very small, up

to

S-6

mm.

in

diameter,

spherical,

solid.

178
separate or aggregated, sometimes tenacious outer layer, blue-green,
proliferated,

Minnesota Algae

surrounded by a firm, sky blue, or becoming brownish, pellucid; filaments densely interwoven, flexuously twisted; sheaths usually indistinct; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter, twisted; cells barrel-shaped; heterocysts 8-10 mic. in diameter, spherical or depressed spherical; gonidia

unknown.

tin).

Jersey. Growing attached to moss. Northern part of state. (AusMinnesota. In small stagnant pools at edge of lake. Parker's Lake, Hennepin County. July 1894. (Tilden). Floating in great quantities. Lake Zumbra. September 1903. (Butler). Iowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey). Washington. In a ditch of fresh water. Near Seattle. (Gardner).

New

335.

Nostoc pruniforme (Linn.) Agardh. Dispositio Algar. Sueciae. 45. 1812. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
VII.
7: 215.

1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

418. 1907.
28.

Wood.

Contr.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae

North America.

1872.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2530. 1878. Twitchell. Remarks on a Variety of Nostoc pruniforme. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 9: 253. 1886. Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 284. 1887. Atwell. A Deep-Water Nostoc. Bot. Gaz. 14: 291. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1889. Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Nebraska. 18. pi. i. f. 4. a, b. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 31. 1894; American Algae. Cent. I. no. 85. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 58. 1895; 1. c. Fasc. 14. no. 657. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 1900. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 191. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Isaac Holden. II. 7: 237. 1905. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 11.^ 1908.
Plate VIII.
fig. 9, 10.

Colonies spherical, attaining the size of a hen's egg, soft and watery by a leathery outer layer, olive or dark blue-green, finally becoming brownish or blackish; filaments loosely entangled, radiating from the center; sheaths often distinct, colorless, rarely yellowish; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, cells spherical compressed or a little longer than the diameter; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, somewhat
within, at length hollow, surrounded
spherical.

Maine. (Leidy).
the lower of

Connecticut. In a stagnant pool

connected with

"Twin Lakes," mostly resting on the bottom, but attached when young to sticks, etc., growing to the diameter of about 5 cm. Salisbury, Litchfield County. August 1895. (Holden). New Jersey. In ponds,
(Wolle). Pennsylvania. In stagnant water. Bethlehem. 1877. Illinois. "With the first gales of November and March each (Wolle). year there appears upon the shore of Lake Michigan, an abundance of
frequent.

Myxophyceae

179

an interesting form of Nostoc. It was first observed in 1864 by Professor Oliver Marcy. Thrown out upon the shore by the waves, it appears as small, purple and green balls or thalli." (Atwell). Thrown up in extensive "windrows" on the shore of Lake Michigan. Evanston. August 1894. (Johnson). Minnesota. Lake Kilpatrick. June 1893; floating free or attached to water plants in artificial lake, Minneapolis, August 1894. (Tilden). Iowa. Nodules often reaching the size of a plum. (Fink). Very small, in pool near Ontario, Ames. (Buchanan). Nebraska. In still water. (Saunders). Idaho. (Twitchell). Washington. In ditches of fresh water. Near Seattle.
(Gardner).
336.

Nostoc verrucosum (Linn.) Vaucher. Histoire des Conferves d'eau douce. 225. pi. 16. f. 3. 1803. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 216. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
S: 419-

1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 114. 1858. Dickie. Algae. Hooker. An Account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in Greenland and Arctic America during the expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht "Fox," 21 Je. i860. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. S: 79. 1861; Notes on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Taylor. 1. c. 9: 241. 1867. Harvey. Determinations of Algae in Rothrock's Sketch of the Flora of Alaska. Ann. Rept. Bd. Regents. Smiths. Inst, for 1867. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 28. 1874. WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 284. pi. 197. f. i, 2. 1887. Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report. Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr, Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Millspaugh. Contribution III. to the Coastal and Plain Flora of Yucatan. Field Columbian Museum. Bot. i 347. 1898. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora 393. 1900. Collins. The Algae of of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Tilden. Collection of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 487. 1901; Cent. VI. no. 583. 1902; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Setchell and Gardner. Algae Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 170. 1902. Brown. of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 191. 1903. Algal Periodicity in Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
:

35: 242, 247. 1908.

Plate VIII.

fig. 11-16.

Colonies often gregarious, up to 10 cm. in diameter, at first solid, gelatinous, firm, spherical or rotund and plicate-undulate, afterwards becoming hollow, vesicular, softer, and torn, when young olive-blackish, becoming brownish green when older; filaments flexuously twisted, densely entangled near the surface; sheaths thick, often indistinct, colorless or yellowish brown; trichomas 3-3.5 mic. in diameter, especially cylindrical; cells spherical depressed, shorter than the diameter; closely connected; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 5 mic. in diameter, 7 mic. in length; oval; wall of gonidium smooth, yellowish.

i8o

Minnesota Algae

Arctic Regions. Beechey Island. (Lyall). Port Kenedy. (Walker). Greenland. On Alaska. Fresh water pools. Port Clarence. (Harvey). stones in fresh water streams; in pools of fresh water, Island of Disko. PennsylCanada. Freshwater. Cumberland Sound. (Taylor). (Lyall). vania. Growing in great abundance in very cold, large, limestone spring. Indiana. Attached to the Centre County. Summer of 1869. (Wood). stone bottom of a small stream, flowing across University Campus. Jordan Wisconsin. Attached to rocks in waterBranch. Bloomington. (Brown).
Illinois. Bowmanville. July. Burkhardt. September 1899. (Tilden). Minnesota. On rocks in falls in river. Lester (Johnson and Atwell). Nebraska. In culRiver, Lester Park, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Montana. "Common at the Falls ture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). of the Missouri and in spring water impregnated with lime. In the fall of the year this species is torn from its hold on submerged rocks in the upper Missouri River, rises to the surface and floats to the shore in la,rge numbers. Sometimes watery, hollow specimens, the size of bantam eggs, New Mexico. Santa Fe. (Fendare picked up." (Anderson and Kelsey). Nevada. Attached to rocks in running water. Humboldt River, Icr). Mexico. "Found in the aguada Winnemucca. July 1901. (Griffiths). West InChulubmay, nine miles east of Izamal. March." (Millspaugh). dies. On rocks in "Wag Water" and in a trough in running water. CastleHawaii. Forming small, black, ton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). "shot-like" balls, covering sides of pools in falls and rapids. Head waters of flume (2,300 feet). Pacific Sugar Mill, Hamakua, Hawaii. July 1900.
fall.

(Tilden).
337.

Nostoc amplissimum
7: so. pi.
2,' 3.
f.

Setchell.
2.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

I,

1899.

De

III. Erythea. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 421. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
17-19.

12.

no. SS8. 1899.

Plate VIII.

fig.

very early becoming hollow and lobulated, expanding until they become irregular, verrucose, brownish yellow sacs, measuring up to 60x30 cm.; membrane of sack of varying thickness, 2-10 mm., composed of one to several layers of jelly in which trichomes are embedded, also containing abundant small lumps of lime; filaments very numerous, arranged somewhat variously, near upper and lower surfaces much contorted, in middle more nearly horizontal and parallel; sheaths of outer filaments conspicuous, wide, brown, those of inner filaments disfirst spherical,

Colonies at

case of central filaments; trichomes torulose; cells 3.5-5 mic. in length, depressed spherical or short cylindrical; heterocysts usually about 4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 3-4 mic. in diameter, 5-6 mic. in length, ellipsoidal, usu2-3 mic. in diameter,

tinct,

colorless,

usually wanting in

more or

less

ally

beginning to form in outer layer, wall of gonidium smooth, brown.

California.

On stones in streams. Near Pasadena. May 1896. (McFloating and attached to the sides of a watering trough, supplied from an artesian well. Near Hollister. April 1897. (Setchell). Dr. Setchell calls attention to the fact that this is the largest species belonging to the Cyanophyceae.
Clatchie).

Myxophyceae
338.

i8i

Nostoc parmelioides Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 206. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 219. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 422. 1907.
i

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 114, 134. 1858. (N. c r st a t u m Bailey, N. Sutherland! Dickie). Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865. (Hydrococcus guadelupensis Crouan). Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 13. 1870(Oncobyrsa guadelupensis Crouan). 1877. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 29. 1872. N. alpinum Wood). WoUe. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877; FreshWater Algae U. S. 285. pi. 197. f. 33, 34. 1887. Setchell. Notes on someCyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 57. 1895. Tilden American Algae. Cent. II. no. 168. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 236. 1896. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
VI. no. 584. 1902.
Plate VIII.
fig.

20.

Colonies

attached,

disc-shaped

or

somewhat
radiating

spherical, of various sizes,

tongue-shaped, hard, sometimes, up to 2 cm. in diameter; filaments

from the

center,

somewhat

straight at the center, parallel, en-

tangled, those near the surface densely twisted and entangled; "sheaths of
fluent;

cuter filaments yellowish, distinct, those of the inner, colorless, often contrichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter; cells spherical or spherical declosely

pressed,

connected;

heterocysts

mic.

in

diameter,

somewhat

spherical; gonidia 4-5 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, oval; wall of

gonidium smooth, yellowish.

Canada. South side of harbor
1851. (Sutherland).
in winter quarters. Baffin's Bay. July Connecticut. Attached at one point to smooth sand-

stone bed of a mountain rivulet. Mt. Carmel. September 1893. (Setchell).. Goshen. August 1895. (Green). New York. In mountain rivulets, attached to stones under water. Near West Point. (Bailey). Crumelbow Creek, Hyde Park, New York City. (Harvey). Palisades. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Abundant on stones on rocky bottom of river. Susquehanna River,, Wyoming. Atat Harrisburgh. (Wolle). Near Harrisburgh. (Kelley). tached to granitic rocks in creek about four miles from the melting snovv^ which feeds the creek. (9,000 feet). North Fork, Clear Creek, Big Horn Nevada. In cold Mountains. August 1898. (Williams and Griffiths). streams. Clover Mountains. (11,000 feet). (Watson).

Genus

WOLLEA

Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.

223. 1888.

Plant mass or colony tubular, cylindrical, somewhat membranaceous^ somewhat straight, parallel or slightly curved, agglutinated; sheaths confluent; heterocysts intercalary; gonidia catenate, contiguous tothe heterocysts or remote from them.
soft; filaments
339.

WoUea
Sci.

saccata (Wolle) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 223. 1888. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV.

i82
Bull.

Minnesota Algae
Torr. Bot. Club. 7: 44. 1880.

(Sphaerozyga saccata

Wolle). Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 397. 1880. Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae N. S. 290. pi. 199. f. I. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
432. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

i.

no. 30. 1895.

Plate VIII.

fig, 21, 22.

i

Colonies 2-6
apex, cylindrical

mm.

in

diameter, up to

dm.

in

length, consisting of
tubes,

elongated, vertical,

somewhat membranaceous, or variously constricted, more

erect,

soft

closed at the

or less aggregated; trich-

omes
cells
ter,

4-5

mic. in diameter, numerous,

parallel

or slightly curved;

oblong or
oval or

cylindrical, closely connected; heterocysts 6 mic. in

diame-

somewhat

spherical, yellow or pale orange; gonidia 7 mic. in

diameter, 15-22 mic. in length, numerous, cylindrical, catenate.

New Jersey. At first attached, afterwards floating free. shores and in the shallow water of Cranberry Pond. (Wolle).
Genus

Along the

NODULARIA

Mertens.
no.
4.

Jiirgens, Alg. Aquat. Dec.

XV.

1822.

Filaments free; sheaths colorless, close, usually thin, mucous, sometimes diffluent; trichomes more or less straight; cells short, depressed, disc-shaped; heterocysts depressed; gonidia spherical, somewhat spherical or disc-shaped, developed in series between the heterocysts; wall of go-

nidium smooth.
I
1

Trichomes

less

than 8 mic. in diameter.

Filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical N. harveyana Filaments 6-7 mic. cal depressed
in

diameter; gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, spheri-

N. sphaerocarpa N. paludosa

Trichomes

6-8 mic. in diameter; cells short, about half as long as wide

II
1

Filaments more than 8 mic. in diameter.

Trichomes

7.5-9.5

rnic.

in

before division
2

diameter; cells nearly as long as broad N. hawaiiensis

Filaments lo-ii mic. in diameter; gonidia 10-12 mic. in diameter, 9 mic. in length, spherical depressed, in series N. armorica Filaments 8-18 mic. in diameter; gonidia 12-15
mic. in length;
niic-

in diameter, 6-10

somewhat

spherical or elliptical

N. spumigena
4

Trichomes

(?)

33-38 mic. in diameter; cells short

N. mainensis
340.

Nodularia harveyana (Thwaites) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. i: 378. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis.

Myxophyceae
des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 243. 1888. Algar. 5: 432. 1907.

183

De

Toni. Syll.

Farlow. Marine Algae New England. 31. 1881. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i; Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine 92. 1889. Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1013. 1903; Ease. 22. no. 1062. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 192. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 155. 1908.
Plate IX.
fig.
I,

2.

Filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter, tapering at the ends, terminated by an obtuse conical cell; sheaths thin, colorless, distinct; cells before division about as long as broad or a little longer; gonidia 8 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, yellowish brown.

Maine. In a high pool, exposed to spray only. Ragged Island, Casco Massachusetts. New Hampshire. (Collins). Bay. July 1903. (Collins). Found in small quantities, mixed with Sphaerozyga, in company with Rhizoclonium. Charles River, Cambridge; also in salt marshes. Connecticut. (Collins). New York. Mariners' Harbor. (Farlow). Nebraska. In ponds and running water. South Staten Island. (Pike). Washingfton. On mud by the roadside. Near La ConBend. (Bessey). Central America. Associated ner, Skagit County. May 1901. (Gardner). valderianum. Laguna Lake, Amatitlan (3,950 with

Phormidium
February
1905.

feet).

(Kellerman).

341.

Nodularia sphaerocarpa Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 433. 1907. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 245. 1888.
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig.

22. no.

1063.

1903.

Plate

IX.

3.

Filaments 6-j mic. in diameter, entangled; sheaths thin, colorless, finally heterocysts about as large as the cells; gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, depressed spherical, brownish, two to twelve in series.
diffluent; cells 6 mic. in diameter, 4 mic. in length;

California.
clifif.

Bolinas,

Forming a thin layer on the moist shady Marin County. May 1903. (Gardner).

side of a

sandy

342.

Nodularia paludosa Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

3,

S.

291. pi.

198.

f.

4.

1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 435. 1907.

to the Reported Flora of the

Bessey,

Pound and Clements. Additions

Plate

State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 4: 24. 1896.

IX.

fig.

4.

diffluent;

Filaments single or in small clusters;, sheaths rarely present, soon trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, nearly straight; cells short, about

184

Minnesota Algae
cell

hair as long as wide; heterocysts nearly spherical, yellowish;

granular, bright blue-green.

contents

Colorado. (WoUe).
lake, Lincoln.

Pennsylvania. (Wolle).
this species

Nebraska. In
to

salt

According to some authorities

may belong

Anabaena

cupressaphila
343.

or to N.

harveyaiia.

Nodularia hawaiiensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 484. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901.
Plate IX.
fig.
s.

Plant mass stringy, dark blue-green; sheaths not evident; trichomes diameter; cells before division nearly as long as broad, depressed spherical; heterocysts 10 mic. in diameter, spherical or a little longer than broad; gonidia not known.
7.5-9.5 mic. in

Hawaii. In tufts attached to other algae, on reef constantly washed over by waves. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden).

The
of N.

filament has neither the distinct sheath and small diameter of that

harveyana

nor the short Oscillatoria-like

the only marine forms of Nodularia Flahault. Until gonidia are found in the plant

a,

icells of N. s p u described by Bornet and its affinities cannot be dis-

covered.
344.

Nodularia armorica Thuret. Notes Algologiques. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
7: 245. 1888.

2:

122.

pi. 29.

1880.

Sci. Nat. Bot.

VII.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 433.

1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Pub. Bot. i: 193. 1903. Fasc. 22. no. 1061. 1903.

Plate

IX.

fig.

6.

Filaments lo-ll mic. in diameter, entangled; sheaths very thin; cells compressed, one half as short as the diameter; heterocysts compressed, d little larger than the cells; gonidia 10-12 mic. in diameter, 9 mic. in length, depressed spherical, yellowish brown, arranged in series; end walls of gonidia firm, biconcave, transversely truncate.

Washington. Floating on the surfaces of quiet ponds. Near Coupeville, Island; Port Townsend. (Gardner). California. In a shallow ditch. Oakland. May 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner).

Whidbey

345.

Nodularia spumigena Mertens in Jurgens. Algae Aquaticae. Dec. XV. no. 4. 1822. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 245. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 433. 1907.

ing

Filaments entangled in a mucous mass, or scattered, sometimes floatfree, somewhat straight or curled; sheaths sometimes thin, or in other cases quite thick; cells very short, disc-shaped, three or four times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts a little larger than the cells;

Myxophyceae
gonidia

185
to

not

contiguous

the

heterocysts,

often

numerous, yellowish
Toni.

brown.
Var. genuina Bornet and Flahault.
Riddle. Brush
1.

c.

246.

De

1.

c.

433.

Lake Algae. Ohio Nat.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
27.

5: 268.

1905.

Collins,

Holden

and

Setchell. Phyc.

no. 1307. 1906.

Filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter; gonidia usually 12 mic. in diameter, 8-9 mic. in length.

Maine.
Stover's

Among Cladophora expansa,

(Collins).

etc.,

in

marsh

pools.

Harpswell. July 1906. Champaign County. 1902. (Riddle).

Point,

Ohio. Brush

Lake,

Var. litorea (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault.

434-

1.

c.

246.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Collins.

Notes on

New

Club. 11: 130. 1884; Preliminary Lists of Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Plate IX.

England Marine Algae. IV. Bull. Torr. Bot. New England Plants. V. Marine
fig.
8.

7,

Filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter; gonidia about 14 mic. in diameter.

10 mic. in length.

Maine. (Collins).
algae in marshes.

New

Hampshire.

few filaments among other

1.

Hampton.

(Collins).

Massachusetts. (Collins).
c.

Var. major (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault.

435-

247.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Rhodora.

New England Plants V. Marine Algae. and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern AmerCollins, Holden and Setchell. ica. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 193. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1012. 1903.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of
2: 42. 1900.

Setchell

the late Isaac Holden.

II.

Rhodora.

7: 223. 1905. in diameter, 6-7

Filaments 12-18 mic. in diameter; gonidia 14-15 mic.

mic. in length.

Connecticut.

Scattered

filaments

among

other

blue-green

algae.

In

marsh
ly

Washington. In a pond of slightbrackish water. Penn's Cove, near Coupeville, Whidbey Island. June 1901.
pool. Cook's Point. (Holden).

(Gardner).
346.

Nodularia mainensis F. L. Harvey. The Fresh-water Algae of Maine.

II.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 16: 188.

1889.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

435- 1907-

Sheaths distinct but close; trichomes 33-38 mic. in diameter; cells 2-6 mic. in length; heterocysts compressed, oval, orange yellow or brownish
j-ellow.

Maine. Found intermingled with Vaucheria sessilis in Pushaw Stream, a tributary of the Penobscot, near Orono. July 1888. (F. L. Harvey).

Genus

ANABAENA

Bory. Diet. Class,

i:

307. 1822.

Sheaths not present or when present often diffluent; trichomes equal throughout or tapering at the apices, usually rigid and fragile, sometimes

86

Minnesota Algae

aggregated without order to form a flocculent mass; cells their diameter; apical cells sometimes conical; heterocysts numerous and intercalary; gonidia variously disposed, sometimes solitary, sometimes lying on each side of a heterocyst, rarely in short
circinate, free or

equal to or longer than

catenate series.
I
1

Gonidia oval or spherical. Gonidia oval or barrel-shaped, remote from the heterocysts in catenate series
(i) (2)

Wall Wall

of of

gonidium smooth gonidium papillose

A. variabilis A. hallensis
short

Gonidia spherical,

series, 12-20 mic. in

contiguous to heterocysts, solitary or in A. sphaerica diameter

II

Gonidia variously disposed, sometimes contiguous to heterocysts, sometimes remote from them, cylindrical, straight or curved.
1

Trichomes usually
apices
(i)

circinate; gonidia curved, obliquely truncate at the

Gonidia 7-13 mic. in diameter, 20-50 mic. in length, curved, obliqite, inequilateral, contiguous to or rarely remote from the heterocysts; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless or yellowish; trichA. flos-aquae omes 4-8 mic. in diameter

(2)

Gonidia 16-18 mic. in diameter, up to 30 mic. in length, curved, oblique or cylindrical, the younger ones somewhat spherical,
usually remote from the heterocysts; wall of gonidium smooth,
colorless; trichomes 8-14 mic. in diameter

A. circinalis

Trichomes
(i)

straight; gonidia cylindrical, straight, usually

remote from

the heterocysts, solitary or in series

Trichomes Trichomes

4-5 mic. in diameter; sheaths

nidia 14-17 mic. in length

(2)

sometimes present; goA. inaequalis

S-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths occasionally present; gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, up to 30 mic. and more in length A. catenula
4.2-6 mic. in diameter; sheaths present; gonidia 6 mic.

(3)

Trichomes

in diameter,

14-20 mic. in length

side,

A. laxa

III

Gonidia contiguous to heterocysts on each

tally, cylindrical

developed centripe-

or

somewhat

cylindrical

Gonidia 7-12 mic.

ical

in diameter,

18-28 mic. in length, short,

somewhat

cylindrical, often slightly constricted in the center; apical cell con-

A. torulosa

Gonidia 8-10 mic. in diameter, 20-40 mic. in length, especially cylindrical; apical cells obtuse A. oscillarioides

Gonidia 15-20 mic. in diameter, 50-90 mic. in length, cylindrical or more commonly tapering slightly from the middle to the rounded ends A. bornetiana

Myxophyceae
Species not well understood

187

A. azollae A. confervoides A. cupressophila A. gelatinosa

A. subrigida
347.

Anabaena

variabilis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 210. 1843.

Bornet and Fla-

hault. Revis. des Nostoc.

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 226. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plants
Rab.).
in

5: 437. 1907.
f.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 287. pi. 198. of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. (Sp h a e r

29-32. 1887.

Bennett.

ozyga

polysperma

WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britten's Catalogue of Plants found New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. 144. 1891.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895. Am. Fasc. 3. no. 107. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 169. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 7: 1896.

Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. is. no. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine 709. 1900. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the HawaiAlgae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. ian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 483. 1901; American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 678. 1902; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia. i: 168. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 191. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2S. no. 1209. 190s.
Heft. 42.
1899.
5.

1897.

Setchell.

SI.

Collins,

Holden and

1905.

Lemmermann.
Holden and

Collins,

Setchell.

Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 190S. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1507. 1908.
Collins).
fig.

(A.

variabilis brachyspora
Plate

IX.

9.

Plant mass gelatinous, spreading on damp soil or floating free, dark green; sheaths usually not present; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, flexuous, slightly constricted at joints; apical cell obtuse conical; cells 2.S-6 mic. in diameter, somewhat quadrate; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, 8 mic. in length, spherical or oval; gonidia 7-9 mic. in diameter, 8-14 mic. in length,
oval,

heterocysts,

truncate at the apices, numerous in catenate series, remote from developed centrifugally; wall of mature gonidium smooth,

yellowish brown.

Maine. Among various floating Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhofifen). in a warm pool above high water mark. Ragged Island, Casco Bay. Rhode Island. Spectacle Pond. (Bennett). Forming July 1908. (Collins). a brownish or bluish green, gelatinous layer on the floating leaves of Ruppia maritima, in brackish water. Watch Hill Pond, Watch Hill. Connecticut. Fresh Pond. (Collins, Holden). September 1894. (Setchell).

Algae

l88

Minnesota Algae
Jersey. Fresh water.

Somerset. (Setchell). In pools, Bound Brook. Minnesota. In stagnant water in popls made by high waves and seepage on beach. Oatka Beach. Minnesota Point, Duluth. August South Dakota. Artesian water into which sewage runs. 1901. (Tilden). Aberdeen. August 1895. (Griffiths). Floating in large light blue-green masses on the surface of a pond supplied with artesian water. September 1898. Montana. Common in open, muddy pools heated by the (Saunders). sun's glare; rising to the surface in small, frothy scummy masses. Ponds and semi-stagnant mud-bottomed parts of streams in the mountains and Wyoming. on the plains. June to November. (Anderson and Kelsey). On surface of water in ditch. Seven miles north of Lake Hotel, Yellowstone Idaho. Standing water. Near LewisNational Park. July 1896. (Tilden). ton, Nez Perces County. (800 feet). 1896. (A. A. and E. G. Heller). Washington. In ditches and ponds. Whidbey Island; Seattle. (Gardner). California. San Francisco. (Setchell). In masses ofRuppia maritima Hawaii. On in salt marsh pool. West Berkeley. August 1904. (Gardner). bottom of irrigation ditches in sugar cane field. Water turned on about once a week. Ewa Plantation, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden). Maluhia, Oahu.
(Wolle).
(Schauinsland).
348.

New

Anabaena
toc.
S:

hallensis (Janczewski) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des

Sci.

Nos-

Ann.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 227. 1888.

to the

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

440.

1907.

Bessey,

Pound and Clements. Additions

Plate IX.
fig.

Reported Flora of the

State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901.

10-13.

Plant mass mucous, floating; sheaths gelatinous; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, somewhat straight, with tapering apices; c6lls depressed spherical or somewhat quadrate; heterocysts S mic. in diameter, barrel-

shaped; gonidia 7-8 mic. in diameter, 10-12 mic. in length, oblong-elliptical, truncate at the apices, usually remote from the heterocysts, developed centrifugally; wall of gonidium colorless, minutely papillose; cell contents
granular; blue-green.

Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey).

549.

Anabaena sphaerica Bornet and

Sci.

Flahault.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 228. 1888.

De

Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 440. 1907.

Calif.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

192.

Pub. Bot.
mic.

i:

1903.

Plant mass floccose, blue-green; sheaths not distinct; trichomes 5-6 in diameter, moniliform, straight, agglutinated together in parallel bundles; cells spherical or spherical-truncate; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, nearly spherical; gonidia 12 mic. in diameter, 12-18 mic. in length, spherical or somewhat oval, contiguous to heterocysts, in short series;
wall of gonidium smooth, brownish yellow.

Washington. Floating on the surfaces of small ponds. Whidbey Island; Port Townsend. (Gardner).
Var. macrosperma Bornet and Flahault.
1.

c.

228.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

440.

Myxophyceae
Gonidia 20 mic. in diameter, spherical. Indies. Santa Cruz. (Hornemann).

189

West
350.

Anabaena Hos-aquae (Lyngbye) Brebisson

in Brebisson and Godey. Algues des Environs de Falaise. 36. 1835.- Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 228. 1888. De Toni.

Syll. Algar. S: 441. 1907.

Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. Allm.). Farlow. Notes on Fresh- Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 225. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 286. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Trelease. The "Working" of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 122. pi.

WoUe. Fresh Water

(Trichormus incurvus

Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants 10. f. 4. 1889. found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. 1894. Tilden. List of FreshWater Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898; American Algae. Cent. III. no. 292. 1898. Fanning. Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul City Water. Minn. Bot. Studies.
2: 609. pi. 45.

American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 576. 1902. Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1 192. 1903. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae which cause "Water Bloom." Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56. pi. 14. f. 3. 1903. Moore and Kellerman. A Method of Destroying and Preventing the Growth of Algae and Certain Pathogenic Bacteria in Water Supplies. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 64. 20. 1904. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 98. 1908. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Wash-. 21: 155. igo8. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.
f.

21. 1901.

Tilden.
of

Setchell
:

and Gardner. Algae

Plate IX.

fig.

14.

Plant mass frothy, gelatinous, lubricous, floating, bluish in color; sheaths not present; trichomes 4-8 mic. in diameter, circinate; cells 6-8 mic. in length, compressed spherical; heterocysts a little wider and longer than the cells; gonidia 7-13 mic. in diameter, 20-50 mic. in length; curved, oblique, inequilateral, contiguous to or rarely remote from the heterocysts,
often surrounded by a wide gelatinous sheath; wall of gonidium smooth,
colorless or yellowish.

Greenland.

(Borgesen).

Rhode

Island.

Very common.

(Bennett).

District of ColumNevy Jersey. Common on stagnant fresh water. (Wolle). Ohio. Brush Lake, Chambia. Washington. (Moore and Kellerman). Wisconsin. Forming a part of a paign County. Fall of 1902. (Riddle). greenish yellow scum which occurs every season in greater or less quantity on Third and Fourth Lakes (Mendota and Monona) during the hot weather Minnesota. (Farlow). Floating in abundance on of summer. (Trelease). surface of water. Cedar Lake, Hennepin County. October 1897. (Fanning and Humphrey). City water supply, St. Paul. (Fanning). Forming a pale, bluish green scum. Spring Park, Lake Minnetonka, Hennepin County. Iowa. "One of the most common of the conOctober 1901. (Nelson).

IQO
stituents of the plankton of
j'ear.

Minnesota Algae

of our lakes at some seasons of the sloughs in the northern part of the state also." Jenning's Pond, near Boone River; slough, Eagle Grove, 1904. (Buchanan). Nebraska. Free-swimming, membranaceous, blue-green. Washington. Floating in great abundance on quiet water. (Saunders). Central America. Very common in all Lake Union, Seattle. (Gardner).

many
the

Occurs

frequently

in

the phyto-plankton from

Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Winter of 1905-1906. (Meek). Very abundant, collected with a surface net. Lake Amatitlan. Temperature of water TZ January 1906. (Kellerman, Meek and Smith).
Var. treleasei Bornet and Flahault.
Trelease.
Sci.
1.

c.

230.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

443.

The "Working''
123. pi.

of the
10.
f.

Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad.

5.

Arts and Letters.

1889.

(A.

mendotae

Trelease).

5 mic. in diameter, 10 mic. in length; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 40 mic. in length, slightly curved.

Cells 4 mic. in diameter;

heterocysts

son, especially
351.

Wisconsin. Forming a copious water bloom on Lake Mendota, at Madiabundant in the fall. (Farlow).

Anabaena

circinalis Rabenhorst. Alg. Eur. Exsicc. no. 209. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Hot.

1852.

VIL
3.
f.

7: 230. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 443- 1907.

pi.

Wood.
5.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 38.

Farlow. Notes on Fresh- Water Algae. Arthur. Bot. Gaz. 8: 225. 1883. (A. flos-aquae circinalis Kirchn.). Some Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2: (App.) 1-12. 1883. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. pi. i. 1888.
1874. (A.
12.

gigantea Wood).

f.

1894.

Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota

during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895. Jackson and EUms. On Odors and Tastes of Surface Waters, with Special Reference to Anabaena, a Microscopical Organism found in Certain Water Supplies of MassachuNelson. Observations setts. Review Am. Chem. Research. 8: 410. 1897. upon some Algae which cause "Water Bloom." Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56. Moore and Kellerman. A Method of Destroying or Prepi. 14. f. 2. 1903. venting the Growth of Algae and Certain Pathogenic Bacteria in Water Supplies. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 64. 20. 1904. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1308. 1906. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.
Plate IX.
fig.

IS.

Plant mass frothy; sheaths often not present; trichomes 8-14 mic. in diameter, usually circinate, sometimes straight; cells a little shorter than the diameter, spherical compressed; heterocysts 8-10 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 16-18 mic. in diameter, up to 30 mic. in length, curved, oblique or cylindrical, the younger ones somewhat spherical, usually

remote from the heterocysts; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless. Massachusetts. Horn Pond, Woburn; South Framingham, November 1882. (Farlow). Ludlow Reservoir, Springfield. Fall of 1895. (Jackson and Ellms). Forming a scum on a small pond. Medford. June 1906. (Collins).

Myxophyceae
Rhode
Island.

191
Providence.

(Lathrop).

R.

W.

Park.

(Bennett).

New

York. Chautauqua Lake. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Floating upon a brick pond, forming a part of a thick, dirty green, "pea-soup" colored, almost pulverulent scum. (Wood). District of Columbia. Washington. (Moore and Kellerman). Minnesota. Lake Tetonka, Waterville. 1882. (Arthur). Floating on a pond. Union Park, Minneapolis. August 1882. (Butler). Floating in large quantities at edge of lake. Lake Calhoun, Hennepin County. October 1894. (Tilden). Spring Park, Lake Minnetonka. October 1901. (Nelson). Iowa. Very common in the lakes. East Okoboji Lake; Upper Gar Lake. October 1904. (Buchanan). Nebraska. Gives a bluish green color to stagnant water, or in age forms a blue-green scum on the
surface.
352.

(Saunders).
inaequalis
Sci.

Anabaena

(Kuetzing)

Bornet and
7: 231. 1888.

Flahault.

Nostoc. Ann.
5: 446. 1907.

Nat. Bot.

VIL

De

Revis. des Toni. Syll. Algar.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
fig.

24. no. 1165. 1904.

Plate IX.

16.

Plant mass floccose, floating or climbing to other algae, blue-green; sheaths distinct, especially around the gonidia; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, straight, parallel, sometimes free, sometimes surrounded by a firm mucus; apex of trichome scarcely tapering; apical cell obtuse; cells spherical-truncate; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, spherical; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, 14-17 mic. in length, remote from the heterocysts, developed centrifugally, two or three in a series; wall of gonidium smooth, yellowish.
California.

Lake Chabot, San Leandro. June

1902.

(Osterhout

and

Gardner).
353.

Anabaena catenula (Kuetzing) Bornet and

toc.
5.

Flahault. Revis. des

Nos-

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 232. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

447. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 290. pi. 199. f. 17-24. 1887. (S p h a e r oBessey. Miscellaneous Additions to zyga smithii (Thw.) Wolle). Saunders. Protothe Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Collins. phyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. pi. i. f. 9, 10. 1894. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 128. 1896. Setchell Collins. Notes on Algae. I. Rhodora. i: 10. 1899. S06. 1898. and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i:
192. 1903.

Plate IX.

fig.

17-

Plant mass gelatinous, floating, blue-green; sheaths difiluent in mature diameter, flexuous; apical cell rotund; cells plants; trichomes 5-8 mic. in shorter than the diameter; heterocysts 6-9 little a usually barrel-shaped, length, somewhat spherical or oblong; gonidia mic. in diameter, 9-13 mic. in cylindrical, often slightly con--10 mic. in diameter, 16-30 mic. in length,

192
stricted
in

Minnesota Algae
the
or

center, with round-truncate apices, contiguous to the remote from them, developed centrifugally, usually in catenate series; wall of gonidium smooth, pale smoke-colored. Alaska. Floating on shallow ponds or sluggish streams. Huntville, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Lawson). Maine. In a ditch just above the beach. Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay. July Massachusetts. On dead leaves, in swamp near Bear's 1896. (Collins). Den Path, Middlesex Fells; Penny Brook, Lynn Woods, July 1905. (ColNebraska. In moist places in greenhouses. (Bessey, Saunders). lins). Washington. Near Coupeville, Whidbey Island; Green Lake, Seattle. (Gard-

heterocysts

ner).

Hawaii. In stagnant water. Kauai. July igoo. (Tilden).

Var. americana Collins.

lins,

New
i:

Holden and

Notes on Algae.

Setchell. Phyc.
I.

Cyanophyceae. Erythea. 4: 119. 1896. ColBor.-Am. Ease. g. no. 207. 1896. Collins.
10.

Rhodora.
in

1899.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

448.

Gonidia 30-60 mic.

length, strictly cylindrical.

Massachusetts. In company with other algae, forming a scum in pools

and ditches. Middlesex

354.

Eells.

June

1893. (Collins).
in

Anabaena laxa (Rabenhorst) A. Braun

sur
2, 3.

Bornet and Flahault. Note

f.

le

Genre Aulosira.

Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 32: 120. pi. 4.

1885; Revis. des Nostoc.

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 233. 1888.

De
Collins,

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 451. 1907.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Ease.
18.

30. no. 1454. 1908.

Plate IX.

fig.

Sheaths colorless, scarcely conspicuous; filaments 7 mic. in diameter; trichomes 4.2-6 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped, about as long as broad; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 14-20 mic. in length, cylindrical, with rotund apices; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless. Massachusetts. Penny Brook, Lynn Woods. July 1905. (Collins).
355.

Anabaena torulosa (Carmichael)

Algflora.

Lagerheim. Bidrag till Sveriges Oefversigt af K. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 47. 1883. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 236. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 455. 1907.

3.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 42. pi., 3. f. (Kg.) Wood). Farlow. Marine Algae United States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875.
1872.

Wood.

(Dolichospermum polysperma
;

Harv.) Report of the U. S. Fish Marine Algae of New England. 30. pi. Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. I. f. 3. 1881. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 289. pi. 198. f. 37, 38. 13: 105. 1886. polysperma Rab.). 1887. (Sphaerozyga Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888; Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i 92. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. pi. i. f. 8. 1894.

(Sphaerozyga carmichaelii
for
1875.
715.

Commission

1876;

Myxophyceae
Collins,
lins.

193

2:

ColHolden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 354. 1897. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 41. igoo; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7:

223.

1905.

Plate IX.

fig.

19.

apical cell acute

Plant mass mucous, thin, blue-green; trichomes 4.2-5 mic. in diameter; conical; cells barrel-shaped, equal to or a little shorter than the diameter; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length, somewhat spherical or ovoid; gonidia 7-12 mic. in diameter, 18-28 mic. in length, short, somewhat cylindrical, often slightly constricted in the center, contiguous to the heterocysts, developed centripetally; wall of gonidium

smooth, pale smoke-colored

Maine.

in

mature specimens.

Goose Creek marshes. Cape Rosier. July i8q6. Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. On decaying algae, looking like a shining emerald-green film. Wood's Hole; Gloucester; Cambridge; salt marshes, Everett. (Farlow). Not uncommon on mud in the harbor; on decaying Zostera marina, Mattapoisett, September Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. Noank. (Far1906. (Collins). low). On mud on margin of marsh pools. Cook's Point; on muddy sand, near high water mark, among S p a r t n a, shore of The Gut, June. (Holden). New York. On decayed algae. Fort Hamilton; Greenport. (Pike). New Jersey. Fresh water. Somerset; in pools. Bound Brook. (Wolle). With other algae, forming a brownish jelly, in a poo! east of Camden. Ne(Wood). Newark Bay. (Pike). Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). braska. In stagnant water, usually among other algae; also on damp earth, on flower pots, in greenhouses at the University. Lincoln. (Saunders).
s t e r a.

(Collins).

On Z o New

356.

Anabaena
relle.
i:

oscillarioides Bory. Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Natu308.

1822.

Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 233. 1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 45,1. 1907.

a,

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 40. pi. 3. f. i. Wolle. flexuosum Rab.). Bennett. Plants of Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 292. pi. 199. f. 13. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's CataRhode Island. 114. 1888.
b.

Wood.

1872.

(Cylindrospermum

Tillogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycoden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 87. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae phyta. Flora of Nebraska. 19. 1894. Colcollected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 189s. lins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 51. 1899. 128. 1896.

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 14. no. 656. 1900; Fasc. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Ohio. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern Ohio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. Collins. Phycological Notes America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 192. I903Rhodora. II. 236. 1905. 7: Holden. Isaac of the late
Collins,
19.

Holden and
1902.

Setchell. Phyc.

no. 907.

194
Plate IX.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
20.

Plant mass gelatinous, dark green; trichomes 4.2-6 mic. in diameter, with rotund apical cells; cells barrel-shaped, equal to the diameter in length, or a little shorter or longer; heterocysts 6-8 mic. in diameter, spherical, or 6 mic. in diameter and 10 mic. in length, ovoid; gonidia 8-10 mic. in
diameter, 20-40 mic. in length,

when young

ovoid, finally

becoming espe-

with rounded apices, contiguous to the heterocysts, developed centripetally; wall of gonidium smooth, in mature specimens very pale soot-colored.
cially cylindrical, solitary or in series,

Massachusetts.
sex Fells. (Collins).

On

dead leaves,

in

swamp

near Bear's

Den

Path, Middle-

Falmouth. Williams Park. (Bennett). Connecticut. Pool below Factory Pond, Bridgeport. (Holden). New Jersey. In brackish ditches. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. "In a dark little grotto, formed by shelving rocks." Reading Railroad, just above the Flat Rock tunnel; on wet ground by a horse-trough, near west end of upper bridge at Manayunk; on banks of Schuylkill River, in vicinity of Philadelphia. (Wood). On dripping rocks and on wet ground. (Wolle). Ohio. (Kellerman). Illinois. Evanston. (Johnson). Minnesota. Second Creek, Lake City, Wabasha County. September 1894. South Dakota. In a slough. Elm River, eight miles north of Aberdeen. May Nebraska. In a small creek near Lincoln. (Saunders). 1896. (Griffiths). Montana. Helena. (Kelsey). Washington. On moist bank near bicycle path. Madrona Park, Seattle. May 1901; floating on pools and lakes, or on moist ground, Coupeville, Whidbey Island; Port Townsend. (Gardner). California. San Francisco. (Setchell).
Var. elongata (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault.
c1.

West

Wood's Hole. (Humphrey and Miyabe). In still water. August 1896. (Humphrey). Rhode Island. Roger

c.

236.

De

Toni.

1.

453-

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 293. 1898.

nidia

Heterocysts 7-9 mic. in diameter, very long, 6-18 mic. up to 70 mic. in length.
in stagnant

in length;

go-

South Dakota. Floating

1897. (Griffiths).

water on

prairie.

Columbia. June

Var. stenospora Bornet and Flahault.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
Collins,

1.

c.

236.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

454.

Holden

Cent. VI. no. 577. 1902. and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1506. 1908.
II. no. 172. 1896;

Trichomes more slender; apical cell acute conical; gonidia S-io mic. in diameter, 16-40 mic. in length, often two to eight in a chain; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless.
Massachusetts. Forming rather thin films on plants and boards in a Minnesota. Floating on surface ditch. Eastham. August 1908. (Collins).

on sandy or muddy beach. Minnesota Point, Duluth. August On aquatic plants in slowly flowing stream in swamp. Five miles southeast of Port Collins. July 1896. (Cowen).
of shallow pool
1901.

Colorado.

Myxophyceae
357-

195
120.

Anabaena bornetiana Collins. New Cyanophyceae. Erythea. 4: 1896; in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5.
208.

no.

1896.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

in diameter,

5:

457.

1907.

Trichomes
spherical or

12 mic.

straight or

somewhat

flexuous; cells

heterocysts 13-14 mic. in diameter, 13-20 mic. in length, spherical or occasionally oblong; gonidia 15-20 mic. in diameter, 50-90 mic. in length, cylindrical or more com-

slightly shorter than

their diameter;

monly tapering slightly from the middle to the rounded ends, contiguous to heterocysts on each side; wall of gonidium smooth, translucent.
Massachusetts. Occurring usually in isolated filaments among other algae in ditches and pools, often with other species of Anabaena. Maiden, Medford, Middlesex Fells. May, June 1896. (Collins).
358.

Anabaena azoUae Strasburger. Das Botanische Practicum.

1884.

352.

f.

124.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 457. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 170. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 2: 27. 1898.
754. 1900.

Sheaths not present; trichomes snake-like in shape, aggregated in small bundles; cells 5 mic. in diameter, 8 mic. in length, usually somewhat spherical or ellipsoidal, cylindrical, with rotund apices; heterocysts up to 10 mic. in diameter, oval, easily distinguished from the olive contents and polar nodules ("cellulose buttons"); cell contents lead-colored-green; gonidia

unknown.

Minnesota. In chambers in the leaves of Azolla Carolinian a. CaliUniversity Plant House, Minneapolis. September 1896. (Tilden). fornia. Endophytic in Azolla Carolinian a, growing in pools in the bed of Los Angeles River, Los Angeles. November 1900. (Monks).
359.

Anabaena confervoides Reinsch. On Fresh-Water Algae from Kerguelen's Island. Journ.

Syll. Algar. 5: 461. 1907.

Linn.

Soc.

Bot.

15:

208.

1877.

De
of

Toni.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 482. 1901; Collection from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for
1901.

Algae
112.

1902.

Plate IX.

fig.

21.

Plant mass thin; trichomes

long, very straight, parallel,
distinct,

extremely surrounded by a common mucus; cells very rectangular, slightly longer than broad; heterocysts a little larger
2.2-2.8 mic. in diameter, slender,
cell

than the cells, elliptical; gonidia unknown.

contents finally granular, pale blue-green;

Hawaii. Floating at edge of taro patch. Near Hauula Courthouse, Hauula, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).
360.

Anabaena cupressophila Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

f.

S. 288. pi.

198.

I,

2.

1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

458. I907-

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in

196

Minnesota Algae
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.
J. 2:

New

^7.

1889.
-fig.

Plate IX.

22.

Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat membranaceous, deep blue-green; 7-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths delicate; trichomes moniliform, .slightly curved or nearly straight, more or less parallel; cells about half as long as wide, sometimes separated; heterocysts compressed globose, homogeneous, brownish yellow; cell contents granular, light blue-green.
filaments

New
in 361.

Jersey.

On

the trunks of trees, low

down near

the water's edge

swamps. (Wolle).

Anabaena gelatinosa Wood. Contr.

America.
38. pi. 2.
f.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae North

4.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 461. 1907.-

Plant mass gelatinous, mucous, indefinitely expanded, somewhat pelluwith a brownish tinge; sheaths not present; trichomes somewhat curved, rather distant, not entangled; cells globose; heterocysts about equal to the cells in diameter, spherical or rarely oblong; cell contents homogeneous, light golden yellow or light blue-green; gonidia spherical, termicid,

nal.

Pennsylvania. Near Philadelphia. (.Wood).

362.

Anabaena subrigida (Wood) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 461. 1907. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh- Water Algae North America. 42. pi. 3. f. 2. 1872. (Dolichosperm um subrigidum Wood). Plant mass floating; trichomes single, straight or nearly so, very small; cells cylindrical or somewhat spherical, distinct; heterocysts cylindrical,
short, single, distinct; gonidia single or in pairs, slightly constricted in the

center, not contiguous

to

heterocysts; cell contents light green.

Pennsylvania. In scum floating on ditches. Near Philadelphia. (Wood).

'

'

Genus
Hist.

APHANIZOMENON
Genre Nouv. Conf.
11:

Morren.
11.

1838.

Colonies thin, feathery, plate-like or spindle-shaped bundles, bluegreen, floating; sheaths not present; trichomes short, tapering at the ends, agglutinated; heterocysts scattered; gonidia cylindrical, much elongated,
solitary,

developed sparingly between the heterocysts.

flos-aquae (Linn.) Ralfs.
Hist. 5: 340. pi.
9.
f.

363.

Aphanizomenon Mag. of Nat

On

the Nostochineae. Ann.

6.

1850.

Bornet and Flahault.

Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 241. 1888.
Syll. Algar. $: 468. 1907.

De

Toni.

Minnesota Supposed to be Poisonous. Bull. Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U. i. 1883. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 173. S. 291. pi. 198. f. 7, 8. 1887. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. Bot. Studies, i: 599. 1896. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. 3: 317. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
of

Arthur.

Some Algae
Sci. 2:

Minn. Acad. Nat.

(App.)

Myxophyceae

197

Fasc. 23. no. 1107. 1903. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae which cause "Water Bloom." Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 53. pi. 14. f. i. 1903. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1359. 1907. Plate X.
fig.
I.

Colonies small, aggregated in membranaceous flakes, fragile, blue-green; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, rigid, tapering at the ends; cells somewhat quadrate, 5-15 mic. in length; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, 15-20 mic. in length, somewhat cylindrical; gonidia 7-8 mic. in diameter, 60-80 mic. in length, cylindrical, elongate, containing granular protoplasm; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless.
bert).

Massachusetts. Floating on quiet water. Medford. October 1906. (LamOhio. Sandusky Bay; Brush Lake. (Riddle). Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Minnesota. Lake Tetonka, Waterville. 1882. (Ar-

thur).
189S.

Lake of the Woods. July

(Crocker).

1894.

(MacMillan).

Lake Minnetonka.

On

surface of water around edges in quiet bays during

early autumn. Long Lake, Hennepin County. September 1895. (Shaver and Tilden). In a shallow lake in the depressions of the Fergus California. Floating Falls moraine, Fergus Falls. August 1900. (Ballard). on Lake Chabot, San Leandro. June 1902. (Gardner).

summer and

Genus

CYLINDROSPERMUM

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 211. 1843.

Plant mass expanded, indefinite, mucous; sheaths not present; trichequal, short, embedded in an amorphous mucus; cells cylindrical, longer than their diameter; heterocysts terminal, solitary; gonidia developed from the cell or cells next the heterocyst, generally solitary, rarely

omes

seriate.
I
1

Gonidia solitary.
Gonidia cylindrical, up to 40 mic.
(i)
in

length

Gonidia 10-16 mic. in diameter, 32-40 mic. in length

C. stagnale

(2)

Gonidia 11-12 mic. in diameter, 23-24 mic. in length

1

C comatum

Gonidia oblong or ventricose-elliptical

(i)

Wall of gonidium punctate

Gonidia 10-15 mic. in diameter, 20-38 mic. in length, ventricoseelliptical; wall of mature gonidium rough, punctate
C.

A
B
(2)

majus
minutum

Gonidia

6-6.5

mic.

in

diameter,

16-19 inic. in length, elliptical;

C.

wall of gonidium very finely granular

Wall of gonidium smooth

Gonidia 8-9 mic. in diameter, 18-20 mic.
in

A
B

length
C.

minutissimum
length

Gonidia 9-12 mic. in diameter, 18-20 mic.

in

C. muscicola

198

Minnesota Algae
C
Gonidia 12-14
niic. in

diameter, 20-38 mic. in length C. licheniforme

C. catenatum

II
364.

Gonidia seriate

Cylindrospermum stagnale (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 250. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 472. 1907.

Wood.
1872.

(C.

macrospermum

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 40. pi. 2. f. 7. Kg., stagnalis Kg.)

Anabaena
pi.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U.

S.

292.

199.

f.

6-8.

1887.

Wolle and

Martindale. Algae. Britten's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and ConGeol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. spicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 145. 1891. Tilden.
List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 1:31. 1894.
lins.

(Cylindrospermum limnicola

Holden and Tilden. American Algae. 856. 1901. Cent. V. no. 481. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Algae collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside StaKellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Ohio. tion, i: 168. 1902. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes AtitOhio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. lan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 97. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.
Notes on Algae. IV. Rhodora. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no.
3: 289.

Kuetz.)

Col-

1901.

Collins,

Plate X.

fig.

2.

Plant mass floccose, expanded, attached or floating; trichomes 3.8-4.5 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; cells up to three or four .times longer than their diameter; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, up to
16 mic.
in

length,

somewhat

spherical,

often oblong; gonidia

10-16 mic.

in diameter, 32-40 mic. in length,

cylindrical, with
cell

rotund apices; wall of

gonidium smooth, yellowish brown;

contents pale blue-green.

Maine. Forming a dense bluish green or brownish scum on the surface of an artificial pond at the Pogy Oil Factory, Bristol, near Round Pond Village. July 1901. (Collins). New Jersey. Frequent in wet places on dead wood. (Wolle). South Carolina. "In bottom of shallow, slowly running streams, adhering to ground or fallen leaves, etc., gelatinous, green." Near Aiken. September. (Ravenel). Ohio. (Kellerman). Minnesota. Irving Chase Lake. July 1893. (Tilden). Iowa. Iowa City. (Hobby). Montana. Ponds and semi-stagnant, mud-bottomed parts of streams in the mountains and on the plains. Common throughout. June to November. (Anderson and Kelsey). Central America. On surface of water. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. February 1906. (Meek). Hawaii. On wet cliffs. Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
36s.

Cylindrospermum comatum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 41. pi. 2. f. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
293. pi. 199.
f.

16.

1887.

Myxophyceae
Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.
1908.
Sci.

199
14:
12.

Plate X.

fig.

3.

Plant mass gelatinous, blue-green, sometimes tinged on the edges with brown; trichomes 3 mic. in diameter, flexuous, equal, intricate, not spiral;
cells short cylindrical, equal to or more than twice as long as the diameter, usually separated; apical cells somewhat spherical; gonidia 10-12 mic. in diameter, 23-24 mic. in length, oblong-cylindrical, granular, yellowish brown;

wall of gonidium thick, distinctly granulate; blue-green.

cell

contents granular, pale

Canada. Growing upon the ground in the marshes which border the Niagara River, just above the Canadian Falls. (Wood). Iowa. Frequent on wet soil along brooks. Grinnell. (Fink).
366.

Cylindrospermum majus Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 212. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 252. 1888.

De
Collins.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5

474. 1907.
1888.

Holden and Notes on CyanoCollins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. phyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 51. 1899. Bor.-Am. Ease. 15. no. 708. 1900; Ease. 23. no. 1108. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.
Algae of Middlesex County. 14. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 3. no. 106. 1895.
Collins,
Setchell.

Plate X.

fig.

4.

Plant mass widely expanded, mucous, blackish green; trichomes 4-5

mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells 5-6 mic. in length, cylindrical;

heterocysts a
tical;

little

wider than the

cells,

up to 10 mic.

in length, oblong,

pale; gonidia 10-15 mic. in diameter, 20-38 mic. in length, ventricose-ellip-

wall of mature gonidium rough, punctate.

Maine. Not immersed, but forming gelatinous masses on steep bank Massachusetts. above the shore. South Harpswell. July 1903. (Collins). ConNewton. (Farlow). On walls of B. and A. R. R. tunnel. (Wood). necticut. Investing grasses, Utricularia, etc., in still water. Pool below California. In a Factory Pond, Bridgeport. September 1891. (Holden). slow stream near Pasadena. (McClatchie).
367.

Cylindrospermum minutum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 39. pi. 2. f. 6. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 475.
1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 292. pi. 199. f. 11. 1887. (C. 1 i m n iWolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of a Wolle). Bessey. Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 19. pi. i. 46. 1893. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota II. 1894. f.
c

during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies,

i: 31.

1894.

200
Plate X.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
s-

Plant mass rust-colored, gelatinous; trichomas 2.8 mic. in diameter, generally curved and entangled, sometimes straight, more or less constricted at the joints; cells cylindrical; heterocysts hirsute, spherical; gonidia 6-6.5 mic. in diameter, 16-19 niic. in length, elliptical, very minutely granulate;
cell

contents homogeneous or granular, light blue-green.

Forming, with other algae, a ferruginous brown, gelatinous growing in a deep, shaded, very stagnant pool. Spring Garden. Minnesota. Irving (Wood). In wet places on dead wood. (Wolle). Chase Lake. July 1893. (Tilden). Nebraska. Lincoln. (Bessey). Forms light green, slimy strata on pots in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Saunders).
mass,
368.

New Jersey.

Cylindrospermum minutissimum Collins. New Cyanophyceae. Erythea. 4: 120. 1896; Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
26.

no. 1256. 1905.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 472. 1907.

Plant mass loose, blue-green; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, straight, not constricted at joints; cells cylindrical, very slender, 4-5 mic. in length; heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, cylindrical-oblong; gonidia 8-9 mic. in diameter, 18-20 mic. in length; wall of gonidium smooth, translucent (in not quite ripe gonidia).

Massachusetts.
ber 1890. (Collins).
369.

Among

other algae

'in

scum

in a ditch.

Maiden. Octo-

Cylindrospermum muscicola Kuetzing. Phyc. Germ. 173. 1845. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 254.
1888.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 477.

1907.

Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 174. 1896. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. ZT. 240. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern AmerCollins.

Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 193. 1903. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1306. 1906.
ica.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Plate X.

fig.

6.

Plant mass expanded, mucous, blackish green; trichomes 3-4.7 mic. in diameter, cylindrical, slightly constricted at joints; cells 4 mic. in length; heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, 5-7 mic. in length, oblong; gonidia 9-12 mic. in diameter, 10-20 mic. in length, oval, orange brown; wall of gonidium smooth; cell contents pale blue-green.

Maine. On steep, wet clay bank. Harpswell. July 1906. (Collins). Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). On moist ground, Medford.

Septem-

ber 1906. (Lambert). Washington. In a small stream of running water. Orcas Island. (Gardner). California. In slowly running water. Pasadena. December 1895; (McClatchie). West Indies. On sides of basin. Constant Spring; on sand at edge of river, Castleton, April 1893. (Humphrey).
370.

Cylindrospermum licheniforme. (Bory) Kuetzing. Diagnosen und Bemerkungen. Bot. Zeit. 5: 197. 1847. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 253. 1888. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. s: 476. 1907.

Myxophyceae
Collins,

201

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 309. 1897. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 52. 1899. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 575. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 193. 1903.
Setchell.

Plant mass mucous, orbicular-confluent, finally becoming widely expanded, very deep blackish green; trichomes 4.2 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; cells 4-5 mic. in length; heterocysts 5-6 mic. in diameter, 7-12 mic. in length, oblong; gonidia 12-14 ^c. in diameter, 20-38 mic. in length, oblong or ventricose-elliptical, with truncate apices; wall of gonidium smooth, brownish or reddish; cell contents pale blue-green.

York. Ithaca. (Atkinson). Minnesota. On stones at edge of St. Louis River, Fond du Lac, near Duluth. August 1901. Washington. On mud or moist sand. Near Oak Harbor, Whid(Tilden). bey Island; near Mt. Vernon, Skagit County; near Seattle. (Gardner).
river,

New

near quarry.

California.

Growing upon

bank within reach

of salt spray. Bolinas,

Marin

County. (Setchell).
371.

Cylindrospermum catenatum Ralfs. On the Nostochineae. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. S: 338. 1850. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 254- 1888. D^ Toni. Syll. Algar.
S: 477. 1907.

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 505. 1898. Tilden. American AlNotes on Algae. I. Rhodora. i 9. 1899. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestgae. Cent. IV. no. 395. 1900. ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 193. 1903.
Collins,

Collins.

Plate X.

fig.

7.

Plant mass mucous, orbicular-confluent, indefinite, blackish green; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells 4-5 mic. in length; heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length, oblong; gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, 13-18 mic. in length, oblong, two to eight in series; wall of gor.idium smooth, orange brown.

as

if

Massachusetts. Forming a dark thin coating on the ground, looking a little black paint had been spilled and dried. On moist earth near

S-^ot

Pond. Middlesex

Fells.

August and September

1897. (Collins).

Wash-

ington. Floating in stagnant place in stream. Tracyton, Kitsap County. July Hawaii. At edge of mountain stream. Kaliuwaa Stream, 1898. (Tilden). Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden). Koolauloa, Makao,

Genus RICHELIA Johs. Schm. Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren Kjob. 147. 1901.
Sheaths not present; trjchomes single, endophytic; heterocysts solitary, situated at the base of the trichome.
X72.

Richelia

intracellularis

J.

Schm. Plankton
fra.
d.

fra

det

Rode Hav og

Adenbugten. Vid. Medd.

Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:

Nat. Foren. Kjob. 147. 1901.

De

480. 1907.

202
Plate X.
mic.
in
fig. 8.

Minnesota Algae

So-ioS mic. in length, short, Trichomes S.6-9.8 straight or nearly straight, thickened at the apices, living as endopkytes

diameter,

in

styliformis; heterocysts 9.8cells of Rhizosoleniae mic. in diameter, spherical or somewhat spherical, single, basal; cells somewhat spherical or barrel-shaped; apical cell often a little larger than
the
II. 2

the others, somewhat spherical; cell contents finely granular, or showing a few large granules, pale blue-green.

catulus Lemm.

Hawaii. Plankton. On Rhizosolenia and (Schauinsland).

Hemiaulus

deli-

Genus AULOSIRA Kirchner. Krypt. von Schles. Algen. 238. 1878.

Filaments
close;
cells free, equal, scattered or in fascicles;

sheaths membranaceous, gonidia

cylindrical

or barrel-shaped; heterocysts intercalary;

developed at intervals between the heterocysts, remote from or contiguous to them, cylindrical, in catenate series.
373.

Aulosira schauinslandii
gar. 5: 482.
1907.

Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622.

Lemmermann. Die Algenflora der Sandwichpi. 7. f. 9-11. 1905. De Toni. Syll. AlPlate X.

fig.

9.

Filaments lo-ii mic. in diameter, flexuous or spiral; sheaths firm, colorless; trichomes 9.5 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apical cell hemispherical, about 8 mic. in length, containing coarse granules; cells 3 mic. in length, short; heterocysts usually 9.5 mic. in diameter,
II

mic. in length, always intercalary,

somewhat

spherical or cylindrical;

gonidia not known.

Hawaii.

On

Turbinaria. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Genus

MICROCHAETE

Thuret.
7.

Essai Class. Nostochinees.

1875.

Plants small, living in fresh or salt water, aggregated into star-shaped or cushion-shaped tufts; filaments unbranched, erect, attached at the base;

sheaths present; trichomes single within the sheath; heterocysts basal and intercalary; gonidia developed from the lower cells.
I
I.

Plants living in fresh water; heterocysts basal and intercalary.

Filaments

4.4-S-i

mic. in

diameter;

sheaths colorless, wide M. tenuissima

thin,

Filaments 10 mic. in diameter; sheaths simple,

close

M. tenera
3

Filaments

16-18

mic.

in

diameter;

sheaths at

first

thin,

later

be-

coming lamellose, colorless

M. robusta

Myxophyceae

203

H
1

Plants living in salt water; heterocysts basal.

Plant mass densely caespitose; filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, thickened into a bulb at the base M. grisea Plant mass loosely caespitose; filaments 7-9 mic. in diameter, flexuous, scarcely thickened at base

M.
374.

vitiensis

Microchaete tenuissima

W. and

G. S. West.

On some

Freshwater Algae
pi.

from the West

7-1
1.

Indies. Journ.

Linn.

Soc. Bot. 30: 269.

14.

f.

1895.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 484. 1907.

the Freshwater Algae of
1899.

the

West and West. A Further Contribution to West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 286.
Plate X.
fig.

10.

somewhat entangled, sheaths transparent, colorless, wide; 1-1.8 trichomes mic. in diameter; cells elongate, 5-16 mic. in length, the younger cells shorter and wider; heterocysts 2-2.4 ic. in diameter, 3.5-6.5 mic. in length, somewhat quadrate or oblong, intercalary.
Filaments
4.4-5.1

mic. in diameter, very slender,

twisted;

West
Castle
1896.

Indies.

Amongst
(4,500

Symploca cuspidata
feet),

of Trois Pitons
(Elliott).

feet).

November and December

Bruce River (2,000-3,000

summit on rocks, Dominica. January and February

on
trees,

1892;

375.

Microchaete tenera Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. 7. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 84.
1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 482. 1907.

Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern Bot. Club. 22: 427. 1S95. America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 194. 1903.
Setchell.

Plate X.

fig.

II.

Plant mass small, star-shaped; filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, i mm. base, slightly flexuous; sheaths thin, close, uniform, colorless; trichomes 5 mic. in diameter; lower cells twice as long as their diameter, upper cells equal in length to their diameter; heterocysts
in length, curved at the

basal, oblong, cylindrical, intercalary.

Forming gray tufts on dripping rocks. Walls of Amaknak ConIsland, Bay of Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). necticut. Mixed with various, gelatinous algae, occurring upon dripping rocks near Norwich and New Haven. (Setchell).
Alaska.

Cave,

Amaknak

376.

Microchaete robusta Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 194. 1903. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
S: 483.

1907.

Plant mass forming a tuft or star-shaped cluster on water weeds; filaments 16-18 mic. in diameter, elongate and extremely cylindrical, decumbent at the very base, but scarcely thickened; sheaths at first thin, later

becoming lamellose,

colorless; trichomes

12

mic.

in

diameter,

composed

204

Minnesota Algae

of cells which are quadrate or slightly longer than broad in the lower portion and shortened to one-third as long as broad in the upper part; cells 0-16 mic. in length; heterocysts basal and intercalary, the former being spherical or nearly so, while the latter are elongated and rectangular;
cell

contents finely granular, blue-green.

Washington. In ponds of fresh water, near

377.

Seattle. (Kincaid).

Microchaete grisea Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. 7. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 85. 1887.

De
Collins.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5

485. 1907.

Notes on

New England
Collins,

Marine Algae IV.

Bull. Torr.

Bot.

Club. 11: 130. 1884.

4.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. no. 158. 1896. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate X.

fig.

12.

Plant mass densely caespitose, tomentose, orbicular, dull green, becoming violet when dried; filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, i mm. in length, curved at the bulbous base, soon becoming erect, densely crowded; sheaths thin, close, continuous, colorless; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter; cells shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal, hemispherical.
Ceuiada.

Massachusetts. On an old Cape Rosier. July 1895. (Collins). pecten shell in company with Calothrix Crustacea. West Falmouth. Connecticut. On stranded stump. Seaside Park. November. (Collins).

Prince Creek,

Forming patches Edward Island. (Faull).

on

Maine.

Fucus evanescens. Malpeque, On Zostera marina Goose

(Holden).
378.

Microchaete vitiensis Askenasy in Bornet and Flahault. Tableau synopt. des Nostochacees filamenteuses heterocystees. 22. 1885. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
5: 85.

1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 485. 197.

Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln.

Plant mass loosely caespitose, tomentose^ short; filaments 7-9 mic. in diameter, scarcely attaining i mm. in length, curved and slightly thickened at the base, above slightly tapering, erect, flexuous; sheaths thin, close, colorless; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter; cells a little shorter than
their diameter; heterocysts basal.

Hawaii.

Growing on

Liagora coarctata.

Laysan.

1896-1897.

(Schauinsland).

Genus

HORMOTHAMNION
d.

Grunow.
1867.

Reise

Freg.

Novara.

31.

Plant mass formed from filaments growing together in a longitudinal manner, sometimes developing as an expanded layer, sometimes erect, filiform, torn and branched, not surrounded by a common gelatinous tegu-

ment; sheaths membranaceous,

thin,

often diffluent, colorless; trichomes

Myxophyceae
moniliform; usually nidia not known.
I

205

many

within the sheath; heterocysts intercalary; go-

Plant mass floccose, entangled; trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter.

H. solutum
II

Plant mass erect, caespitose, resembling Symploca; trichomes 6-7 mic. in diameter H. enteromorphoides.

379.

Hormothamnion solutum Bornet and Grunow

in

Bornet and Flahault.

Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 259. 1888. Syll. Algar. 5: 486. 1907.

De

Toni.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Plant mass floccose, entangled, mucous, green or blue-green; filaments 12-15 iti'c. in diameter, 5-6 mm. in length, soft, flaccid, free or coalesced in numerous fascicles, erect; sheaths membranaceous, firm, colorless; trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells disc-shaped, depressed, three or four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts somewhat quadrate.

Hawaii.
380.

(Grunow).

Hormothamnion enteromorphoides Grunow. Reise

seiner Majestat Fregatte Novara um die Erde. Bot. Theil. i: 31. 1867. Bornet and Thuret. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 260. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 486. 1907.

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865. (S p h a eMurray. Catalogue of the Crouan). Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. i88g. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 56. 1895. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII.

Schramm and Maze.

rozyga microcoleiformis

i:

SS-

1905-

Plate X.

fig.

13.

mucous, confluent, agglutinated, green or blue-green, when older caespitose, formed from simple, erect, soft fascicles, rising from a prostrate base, fastigiately branched; branches tapering at the apices; filaments 7-9 mic. in diameter; sheaths mucous, colorless, delicate; trichfirst

Plant mass at

omes

6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-10 mic. in length.

Florida.

Key West,

(Duchassaing).

Tortugas. (Farlow). In tufts from sandy bottom

Bay. March 1893; on coral reef, phrey). Near Kingston, Jamaica.

ers).

Navy

May

Indies. Guadeloupe. shallow water. St. Ann's Island, Jamaica. July 1897. (Hum1901. (Duerden). Barbados. (Vickin

West

Family

III.

SCYTONEMACEAE

Filaments branched; false branches formed by the perforation of the sheath by the trichome which thereupon issues as one or two long, flex-

2o6

Minnesota Algae

uous branches each developing a sheath of its own; sheaths homogeneous and colorless, or lamellose and yellowish or brownish, firm, tubular; trichomes consisting of a single row of cells, one or more included in a sheath; heterocysts and gonidia variously disposed; reproduction by means of vegetative division, homogones and gonidia.
I
1

Trichomes single within the sheath

Heterocysts not present; filaments free or forming felt-like masses, Plectonema branched; false branches often in pairs Heterocysts present
(i)

1,

False branches usually arising between two heterocysts, single or in pairs; sheaths delicate or very thick, parallel, or more or Scytonema less diverging towards the apex

(2)

False branches usually arising in the immediate region of the heterocysts, single; sheaths somewhat thin, flexible, more or
less fragile

Tolypothrix

II
1

Trichomes or filaments several within the sheath.

Filaments straight, associated in tufts; sheaths thin; trichomes two or more within the sheath; heterocysts basal Desmonema Filaments several contorted within a common tegument, associated in a gelatinous stratum; trichomes single within the sheath Diplocolon

Genus

PLECTONEMA
felt-like

Thuret.
375).

Essai Class. Nostochinees. 375,

1875.

masses, branched; false branches solitary or in pairs; sheaths firm, colorless or rarely yellowish orange; trichomes frequently constricted at the joints; apex of trichome straight, very rarely tapering; calyptra none.
I
1

Filaments free or forming

Plants large, caespitose; trichomes 3 mic. and more in diameter. Plant mass caespitose, rotund, light green; trichomes S-io ic. in diameter, here and there constricted at joints P. tenue

Plant mass caespitose, indefinite, brownish green; trichomes 11-22 P. tomasinianum mic. in diameter Plant mass widely expanded, indefinite, blackish, rarely yellowish green; trichomes 28-47 ni'c. in diameter, not constricted at joints
P.

woUei

II
1

Plant mass very thin, not caespitose; trichomes 1-4 mic. in diameter.

Filaments somewhat flexuous, immersed in dead shells; trichomes .9-1.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints P. terebrans Filaments somewhat straight, growing among various gelatinous P. nostocorum gae; trichomes 1-1.5 mic- 'n diameter Filaments
al-

usually strongly flexuous, densely entangled in a rosecolored membrane; trichomes i. 2-1.8 mic. in diameter P. roseolum

Myxophyceae
.

207

Filaments long, entangled, flexuous, much branched, forming a rosecolored or reddish brown mass adhering to rocks or larger algae; trichomes 1.2-2 mic. in diameter P. golenkinianum Filaments very long, entangled in diameter
in

dense balls; trichomes 2-2.5 mic.

P. calothrichoides

Filaments long, flexuous, much branched, forming a black or brownish green mass; trichomes 2-3.5 mic in diameter
P. battersii

381.

Plectonema tenue Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Bot. VI. i: 380. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 121. pi.
1893.

Sci.
i.
f.

Nat.
5,

6.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 492. 1907.

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells,

and Beaver Brook Reservations

1896.

of the Metropolitan

Stony Brook Park Commission. 127.

Plate XI,

fig.

I,

2.

Plant mass caespitose, rotund, light green; filaments graceful, elongate, much branched; false branches usually in pairs; sheaths at first colorless

and very

thin, later

becoming

thick,

and yellowish orange

in color; trich-

5-10 mic. in diameter, here and there constricted at joints, tapering at the apex; apical cell tapering, obtuse conical; cells 2-6 mic. in length;

omes

transverse walls not granulated;

green.

cell

contents finely granular, pale blue-

Massachusetts. Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells. (Collins).

382.

Plectonema tomasinianum (Kuetzing) Bornet. Les Nostocacees heterocystees du Systema Algarum de C. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymie actuelle. (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: 155. 1889. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 119. 1893.. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 490.
1907.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 59. pi. 8. f. 6. Rabenhorst. Die Algen (Kg.) Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Europas. no. 2493. 1877. (P. mirabile Thur.).
1872.

Wood.

(Scytonema nagelii

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot.

Ag.).

Club. 6:

285.

1879.

(Calothrix mirabilis

Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 391. 1880. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. VII. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10: 20. 1883; FreshBennett. Plants of Rhode Water Algae U. S. 266. pi. 181. f. 12-15. 1887. Wolle and MartinIsland. 114. 1888. (Scytonema natans Breb.). dale. Algae. Britten's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. Snow. The N. J. 2: 603. 1889. (Calothrix brebissonii Kg.). Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392.
1903-

Plate XI.
or less

fig. 3.

expanded, brownish green or rarely Plant mass caespitose, more up to 2 cm. in height; filaments entangled, flexible, usually flexuous, repeatedly branched; false branches often in pairs, issuing in an
dull blue-green,
erect,

spreading or oblique manner; sheaths at

first thin, colorless,

with age

2o8
.becoming lamellose, yellowish brown and up to

Minnesota Algae
3 mic. in thickness; trich11-22 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints; apical cell rotund;

omes

cells 3-9 mic. in length;

transverse walls sometimes granulated; cell con-

tents often filled with coarse granules, blue-green.

New Jersey. Frequent on Rhode Island. Quidnessett. (Bennett). Pennsylvania. Formstones in ponds or floating. Hammonton. (Wolle). ing little dark green mats, growing attached to mosses in large spring that supplies Belief onte with water. (Wood). In spring. Bethlehem. (Wolle).
Ohio. Plankton. Lake Erie. Maryland. Falls of Deep Creek. (Smith). Minnesota. Minneapolis. (Wolle). Put-in-Bay. (Snow).
383.

Plectonema woUei Farlow. Remarks on some Algae found in the Water Supplies of the City of Boston. Bull. Bussey Inst. yT. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. pi. i. f. i. 118. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
S:

489. 1907.

Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2440. 1876. (Lyngbya wollei Farlow). Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 46. 3877-1889. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 279. Farlow. On some Impurities of Drinking-Water caused by Vege1879. table Growths. Supp. First Ann. Rep. Mass. State Bd. Health. 131. 1880. Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 297. pi. 200. f. 6-8. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found Collins, Holden and Setchin New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. ell. Phyc. Bor. -Am. Fasc. 2. no. 55. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 177. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies, i 599. 1896. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.
:

Plate XI,

fig. 4, s.

Plant mass caespitose, floating, blackish, rarely yellowish green; filaments woolly, entangled, fragile (in dried specimens), somewhat straight or variously curved, slightly branched; false branches solitary, rarely in
pairs, issuing in

an oblique manner; sheaths colorless, sometimes yellowish orange, lamellose with age, roughened in outline, up to 10 mic. in thickness; trichomes 28-47 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell
cell

rotund; cells 4-9 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated;

tents finely granular, blackish or blue-green.

con-

Massachusetts. Attached to stones in rivers. (Wolle).

large quantities.

Wakefield.
necticut.

Washed ashore in Horn Pond, Woburn; August 1890; Lake Quannapowitt, Con(Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett).

Attached to stones in swift water. Housatonic River, below New Jersey. Great Falls, near New Milford. October 1890. (Holden). "The floating mass was fully ten yards long, 2-3 yards wide, a foot or more in thickness, and so densely matted, it was impossible to break through with a row-boat." In pond near Stanhope; Sussex; Lake Hopatcong, Swarts-

Myxophyceae
wood Pond.
(WoUe).

209

(Wolle). Pennsylvania. Bethlehem. (Wolle). Florida. South Carolina. Strouds. August, October 1896. (Green). Ohio, Plankton. Lake Erie, Put-in-Bay. (Snow). Minnesota. Forming large masses, dark, nearly black in color, on surface of stagnant lake. Long Lake, Hennepin County. September 1895. (Shaver and Tilden). Central America. Nicaragua. (Agardh). West Indies. In rapid current of stream. "Roaring River,'' St. Ann's, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Morant Bay. August 1894. (Pease and Butler).
384.

Plectonema terebrans Bornet and Flahault. Sur

quelques Plantes vivant dans le Test Calcaire des Mollusques. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: CLXIII. pi. 10. f. s, 6. 1889. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 123. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 497. 1907.

on Fresh-Water Shells. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. 7. no. 306. 1897. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1357. 1907.
Collins.

Some

Perforating and other Algae

Collins,

Erythea.

5: 95. 1897.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Plate

XL

fig. 6.

Filaments slender, elongate, flexuous, branched; false branches often solitary; sheaths very thin, colorless, cylindrical; trichomes .9-1. S mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 2-6 mic. in length; apical cell rotund; transverse walls marked by
pale blue-green.

two
1 1

refringent granules; cell contents

Maine. In
lins).

live

shells

of

a,

in

caeSpitosa. Cape

Rosier. July 1901.

(Collins).

company with H y e a Rhode Island. (Col1 1

Connecticut. In

Unio

shells.

Twin

Lakes', Salisbury, Litchfield

County. August 1895. (Setchell and Holden). "Very abundant all through the shells, and when the latter were decalcified, formed a dense mat

which made
September,
585.

it

rather difficult to distinguish the other algae that grew in

it."

company with

Collins.

In marine shells with other algae.

Harbor.

October.

(Holden).

Plectonema nostocorum Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algologiques. 2: 137. 1880. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 122. pi. i. f. 11. 1893.

De
Collins.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 495. 1907.

Jamaica. Proc.

Rhodora.

6:

Notes on Algae. III. Rhodora. 3: 133. 1901; The Algae of Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901; Algae of the Flume. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. 230. 1904.

Fasc. 24. no. 1164. 1904.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl. Sandwich. -Inseln.

Bot.

Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Plate

XL

fig.

7.

Filaments graceful, elongate, somewhat straight, at

less,

first

much branched,

later sparingly branched; false branches solitary or in pairs; sheaths color-

very

thin, cylindrical;

trichomes

1-1.5 mic. in

diameter, constricted at

210
joints; apical cell

Minnesota Algae
rotund; cells 2-2.5 mic^ in length; transverse walls not

granulated.

Maine. In the gelatine of a small N o s t o c, growing in a watering trough by the side of the road from Seal Harbor to Jordan Pond, Mount Desert. July 1900. (Collins). New Hampshire. In a gelatinous mass on a wet cliflf. Wanalancet Falls, Tamworth. August 1903; with other algae in masses of translucent gelatine, on walls of the "Flume," September 1904. (Collins). West Indies. Among Gloeocapsa quaternata. Bath, Hawaii. In hot water. Kilauea, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Hawaii. (Schauinsland).
386.

Plectonema roseolum (Richter) Gomont. Monogr.

f.

Oscill.

122. pi.

i.

9,

10.

1893.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar! 5: 494. 1907.

Calif.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

188. 1903.

Pub. Bot.

i:

Plate

XL

fig. 8.

Plant mass gelatinous, rose-colored, when dried becoming papery, adhering to the paper; filaments densely entangled, strongly tortuous and abundantly branched, sometimes less tortuous and sparingly branched; false branches solitary or in pairs; sheaths colorless, usually thick, firm, irregular in outline; trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund; transverse walls marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents very pale rose-color.
Alaska. On dripping rocks. West shore of Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).
387.

Amaknak

Island.

Bay

of

Plectonema golenkinianum Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariees Nouvelles. Bull. Soc. Bot.
Syll.

de France. 46: 35. Algar. 5: 494. 1907.

Setchell. Phyc.

pi.

i.

f.

11. 1899.

De

Toni.

Collins,

Holden and

Collins. Preliminary Lists of

New

dora. 2: 42. 1900; Notes on Algae.

VI.
XL

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 603. 1899. England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rho-

Rhodora.
fig. 9.

5: 233.

1903.

Plate

Forming a rose-colored or reddish brown mass, adhering to rocks or larger algae; filaments entangled, elongate, flexuous, abundantly and repeatedly branched; false branches spreading, elongate, in pairs, more
slender than the primary filament; sheaths colorless,

somewhat

thick; trich-

omes

1.2-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apical cell

shorter than their diameter; cell

rotund; cells contents homogeneous, rose-colored.

in

"grottoes." Eagle Island,

Maine. Forming a reddish brown coating on wet cliffs, and especially Penobscot Bay. July 1893. (Collins).

388.

Plectonema calothrichoides Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariees Nouvelles.

Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 46: Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 496. 1907.

30.

pi.

i.

f.

6-10. 1899.

De

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

13.

no. 604. 1899.

Myxophyceae
Collins. Preliminary Lists of

211

New

England

Plants.

V.

Marine Algae. Rho-

dora. 2: 42. 1900.

Plate XI.

fig.

10.

In a crust formed by various blue-green algae; filaments scarcely elongate, entangled in dense balls, radial because of pressure, strongly tortuous, tapering at the apices, branched; false branches in pairs, spreading, often parallel; sheaths thick

of the filament, gradually

and orange brown in the middle portion becoming thinner and faded at the ends; trich-

omes

2-2.5 m'c. in diameter, constricted at joints; apical cell rotund; cells shorter than their diameter, cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts. Marblehead. January 1889; with other algae, on rocks near high water mark, Nahant, June 1889. (Collins).
389.

Plectonema
495. 1907.

battersii

Gomont. Sur quelques

1899.

Oscillariees

Nouvelles.
5:

Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 46: 36.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

An Algologist's Vacation Notes on Algae. VI. Rhodora. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no.
Collins.

in

Eastern Maine. Rhodora.

1903.

1902;

4:

177.

5: 233.

Collins,

Holden and

1060. 1903.

Plant mass blackish or brownish green; filaments elongate, flexuous, abundantly and repeatedly branched; false branches usually in pairs, more slender than the main filaments; sheaths colorless, somewhat thick in the main filaments; trichomes 2-3.5 'c. in diameter, constricted at joints, with somewhat tapering apices; apical cell rotund; cells shorter than their
diameter;
cell

contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

Maine. In a runway on rocks from upper pools. Brownie Island, JonesMassachusetts. Marblehead Neck. port. July 1902; Harpswell. (Collins).

August

1902. (Collins).

Genus

SCYTONEMA

Agardh. Syst. Algar.

26.

1824.

Filaments branched; false branches usually arising between two hetero-

formed by the lateral perforation of the sheath by the trichome; trichomes single within the sheath, straight; hormogones terminal, solitary; gonidia spherical or oval, observed in a few species; wall of gonidium thin, smooth.
cysts, solitary or in pairs,
I
1

Sheaths homogeneous or formed of parallel layers.

Plants living in fresh water
(i) (2) (3) (4)
(5)

Filaments 5-8 mic. in diameter

S.

conchophilum

Filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter

S. arcangelii S. coactile S. rivulare S. occidentale

S.

Filaments 18-24 mic.

in

diameter

Filaments about 30 mic. in diameter Filaments 36 mic. in diameter

(6)

Filaments 16-36 mic. in diameter

crispum

Plants living in
(i)

warm water
S.

Filaments 16 mic. in diameter

caldarium

212
(2)

Minnesota Algae
Filaments 25 mic.
in

diameter

S.

azureum

Plants living on soil, rocks, or bark, not submerged S. hofmanni (i) Filaments 7-15 mic. in diameter
(2) (3)

Filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter

S.

varium
javanicum
ocellatum
intertextum

S. S. S.

(4)
(5) (6) (7)

Filaments 10-18 mic. in diameter

Filaments up to 20 mic. in diameter Filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter

S. austinii cells

Filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter;

compressed
S. millei

(8)

Filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter; elongate

Filaments 19-24 mic.
in

cells

somewhat quadrate
S. S. S. S.

or

guyanense

(9)

diameter diameter

(10) (11)

Filaments 20-25 mic.

in

amplum woUeanum
stuposum

Filaments 16-30 mic. in diameter

II

Sheaths lamellose, with diverging layers; plants usually living on soil or rocks, not submerged. Filaments 10-15 ""ic. in diameter S. tolypotrichoides

2
3

Filaments 12-18 mic.

in

diameter
diameter

S. flavo-viride S. mirabile
S.

Filaments 15-21 mic.

in

4
5

Filaments 18-36 mic. in diameter Filaments 40-75 mic. in diameter

myochrous
badium

S.

III

Sheaths thick, lamellose, forming wings or membranaceous expansions (ocreae); branches in basal portion of filament issuing in pairs, those in the upper portion solitary. Plants living in water (i) Plants living in salt water; filaments 28-50 mic. m diameter S. fuliginosum
(2)

Plants living in fresh water, on dripping rocks or submerged

S.

alatum
jimipericolum

Plants' living on
(i)

or en bark Filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter

damp rocks
in in

S.

(2) (3)

Filaments 15-30 mic.

Filaments 24-40 mic.

diameter

S,
S.

crustaceum

diameter

densum

Species not well understood

S. S. S. S.
S. S.

bornetianum

dubium
hirtulum

immersum polymorphum
rubrum
simplex

S.

Myxophyceae
390.

213;

Scytonema conchophilum Humphrey

Proc.
ell.

in Collins.

The Algae

of Jamaica.

Am. Acad. Arts

Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Collins,

2.

Holden and Setch-

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no. 52. 1895.

Plant mass having the form of gray, postular roughenings on shells; filaments S-8 mic. in diameter, irregularly branched; false branches single or in pairs, with rounded apices; sheaths rather thin, deep yellow, homogeneous, when old rough on the outside, colorless and thin at growing tips;

trichomes 2.7-4.5 mic. in diameter; cells two-thirds to twice as long as. broad; heterocysts 5 mic. in diameter, spherical or slightly elongated, rarely

two or three together,

intercalary; cell contents pale bluish green.

West

Indies.

On

old conch shell,

Mastigocoleus testarum
1893;

oc-

curring on

inside

of

Jamaica. June 1897.

391.

same shell. Port Antonio. March (Humphrey).

Kingston,

Scytonema
Sci.

arcangelii Bornet

and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Nat. Bot.

VH.

S: 92. 1887.

Collins.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, 3-4 greenish; filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter,

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 502. 1907. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901.. mm. in height, expanded, gray or

entangled in fascicles; false branches long, flexuous; sheaths membranaceous, thin, colorless; trichomes. 10-14 mic. in diameter; cells disc-shaped or somewhat quadrate; heterocysts

somewhat quadrate,
Indies.

colorless or yellowish.
1893..

West

On

moist rocks by spring. Castleton, Jamaica. April

(Humphrey).
392.

Scytonema

coactile

Montagne

in

Kuetzing. Spec.
5: 501. 1907.

Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci. Nat.

Algar. 305. 1849. Bot. VIL.

De 5: 90. 1887. Schramm and Maze.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1865.

Maze

and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34-36. 1870-1877. (S. c o a ctile radians Crouan, S. elegans antillarum Crouan, T o 1 y p oMurray. Catalogue of the Marine. thrix guadelupensis Crouan).
Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot.
silky, radiately

27: 261. 1889.

expanded, green or bluePlant mass caespitose, woolly, green, up to IS cm. in diameter; filaments 18-24 mic. in diameter, 4 cm. and more in length; false branches long, erect, spreading; sheaths firm, membranaceous, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 12-18 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter; heterocysts somewhat rare,.

somewhat quadrate. West Indies. At

(Perrottet,
393.

first

attached, finally floating free in stagnant water

Montagne).
rivulare Borzi. Morfologia e Biologia delle

Scytonema

cromacee.

Nuovo

Giorn. Bot.

Ital.

11:

373.

1879.

Alghe FicoBornet and Fla-

hault. Revis. des Nostoc.

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 91. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 501. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 479. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. iii. 1901..

214
Plate

Minnesota Algae

XL

fig.

II, 12.

Plant mass widely expanded, woolly, blackish, verging towards red; filaments about 30 mic. in diameter, sparingly branched, variously flexuous
curved; sheaths firm, close, homogeneous, "glassy," up to S mic. in cells quadrate or shorter than wide; heterocysts having the form and size of the vegetative cells, orange or yellowish; gonidia spherior

thickness;

cal,

blackish

or lead-colored;

wall of gonidium firm, smooth;

cell

con-

tents distinctly granular, lead-colored

becoming

purple.

in

Hawaii. Forming dark brownish or purplish red cushions on stones mountain stream. Kaliawaa stream, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900.

(Tilden).
394.

Scytonema occidentale
thea. 7: 49. 1899.

Setchell.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

III.

Ery-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 503. 1907.

fig.

Plate XI.

13,

14.

Forming

tufts of a

false branches filaments 36 mic. in 21-27 inic. in diameter, usually in pairs, erect, flexuous, free or included

somewhat rigid consistency and of diameter, decumbent at base, branched;

a black color;

for a longer or shorter distance within a

common
in

sheath; sheaths thick,

gelatinous, roughene'd,
in

made up
mic.
in

of parallel layers;
length, those

trichomes

18-30 mic.

diameter; cells 9-12

the

hormogones much

shorter, 3 mic. in length; cell contents grayish violet.

California.

above the
395.

Falls,

Growing upon bare smooth rock bed of La Jota Creek, just on Howell Mt., near St. Helena, Napa County. (Setchell).

Scytonema crispum (Agardh) Bornet. Les Nostocacees heterocystees du Systema Algarum de C. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymic actuelle (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: 156. 1889. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.

Ann.

cincinnatum

Thur.)

De

Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. Toni. Syll. Algar. 5

5:
:

89.

1887. (S.

498.

1907.

Dickie. Fresh-water Algae. Brown's Florula Discoana. Contributions to the Phyto-Geography of Greenland within the Parallels of 68 and 70 North Latitude. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 9: 464. 1868. (L. cincinnata Kg.)

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

stedt.

III. Bull.

De

Algis

Aquae Dulcis
reportatis.

et
6.

Sv.

Berggren 1875

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. Nordde Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. V. 1878.

Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 254. pi. 185. f. Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 20. 1890. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 60. 1895; Fasc. 14. no. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora 655. 1900.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 38. 1881;
8-10. 1887.

of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 14. 1901. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 480. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for Notes of the late Isaac Holden.

1902. 112. 1901.

II.

Collins. Phycological
237.

Rhodora.

7:

1905.

Lemmer-

Myxophyceae
mann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. i. no. 632. 1909.
Plate XI.
fig.

215
624.
1905.

Tilden.

IS.

Plant mass caespitose, entangled, woolly, green, becoming brown or

olive; filaments 16-36 mic. in diameter, 3 cm. and more in length, curled, branched; sheaths firm, membranaceous, colorless, rarely becoming brownish; trichomes 14-30 mic. in diameter; cells three times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts depressed or quadrate, sometimes numerous, sometimes almost none.

Greenland. Abundant in "Lyngemarken Spring, September." (Dickie). Island. In abundance near Providence. (Osterhout). Connecticut. Near Lanesville; on rock below Factory Pond; ditch at North Haven. September, November. (Holden). Forming extensive dark green woolly masses in stagnant water. North Haven. October 1891. (Setchell). Pennsylvania. In a pond near Bethlehem. (Wolle). Illinois. Florida. (Coe). Lakeside, Cook County. May (Johnson and Atwell). Minnesota. Lily Lake, near Stillwater, Washington County. August 1908. (Tilden). Nebraska. In ponds. Nebraska City. (Bessey). Colorado. (Brandegee). West Indies. In reservoir. Botanic Garden, Castleton, Jamaica; on sides of trough, Constant Spring; in basin, Kingston. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. In ponds. Nuanu, Oahu. (Berggren). Floating in mats on surface of stagnant water among roots of Water Hyacinth, on beach. Meheiwa, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

Rhode

"The filaments vary very much.

Sometimes both branches and hetero-

cysts are rare and the species looks very

much

like a

Lyngbya,

very

often the scanty branches occur single and adjacent to a heterocyst and
it

resembles greatly a

Tolypothrix,

way between two

heterocysts, characteristic of

while the geminate branches midScytonema are generally

found only after long and careful search."

396.

Setchell.

Scytonema caldarium
7: 48. pi. 3.
f.

Setchell.

3.

1899. Collins,

Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.

Fasc.

12.

no. 559. 1899.

Plate XII.

fig.

I.

Plant mass forming more or less extended tufts; filaments 16 mic. in diameter, decumbent or even horizontal at base, more or less entangled, branched; false branches in pairs, erect, twisted together into Symploca-

mm. high; erect filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter, seldom or only singly branched; sheaths firm, lamellose, with parallel layers, colorless, soon becoming a deep yellowish brown; trichomes 4-8 mic. in diameter; cells 3-12 mic. in length; heterocysts discoid to quadrate in the younger portions of the filaments, cylindrical in older portions, colorless; cell contents uniformly coarsely granular, olive or yellowish green.
like tufts, 8-lS

California. Growing on cooler portions of the rocks from which the hot water drips. Temperature of the tufts 27 C. Waterman Hot Springs, near San Bernadino. April 1897. (Parish).

2i6
.397.

Minnesota Algae
Scytonema azureum Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.
630. 1909.
i.

no.

Plate XII.

fig.

2,

3.

Filaments 25 mic. in diameter, flexuous, sparingly branched; false branches usually in pairs, occasionally originating at the heterocysts as in Tolypothrix; sheaths narrow, straight, smooth; trichomes 17 mic. in diameter, often constricted at joints; cells quadrate or shorter than broad; hetero.cysts somewhat spherical or quadrate, yellowish green; cell
contents

more or

less

deep bluish purple (cyaneus, azureus)

in color.

Hawaii. With other algae forming a layer covering rocks on bottom and sides of basin of "warm spring." Temperature at 7 a. m. 31 + C. Puna, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
398.

Scytonema hofmanni Agardh. Synopsis Algar.

97. 1887.

Sueciae. 117. 1817. Bor5:

net and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 513. 1907.

Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the Fresh-Water Algae of Eastern North America. 130. 1869. Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Wood. Contr. cortex Wood). 64. 1872.
the
1887.

Guadeloupe. Crouan).

32.

1870-1877.

(S.

Hist.

a n u m Menegh., S. c n e r e u m j u 1 Fresh-Water Algae North America. (S. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of
i i

White Mountains. Appalachia.

Kg.).

3:

236.

1883.

(Symphyosiphon
S. 262. pi.

hofmanni

WoUe. Fresh- Water Algae U.

189.

f.

3.

Moebius. Ueber einige in.Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 245. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. Bessey. Additions to the Reported Flora of Nebraska, made dur1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. ing 1893. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Flora of Nejjraska. 24. 1894. Am. Fasc. 9. no. 404. 1898. West and West. A Further Contribution to the Fresh-water Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 287. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 1898-1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 17. no. 37: 241. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 803. 1901. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 195. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1258. 1905.

Plate XII.

fig. 4.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, widely expanded, 1-3 mm. in thickness, or blue-green, sometimes impregnated with calcium carbonate, then purple or green or bluish gray; filaments 7-15 mic. in diameter, coalesced in vertical fascicles; false branches aggregated; sheaths firm, memblackish

branaceous; trichomes 5-10 mic. in diameter, olive or blue-green; cells unequal in length; heterocysts oblong.
Alaska.

On

New

Hampshire.

dripping rocks. Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). On rocks near the brook. Tuckerman's Ravine, near Shel-

Myxophyceae
burne.

217
Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). On shaded rocks. Connecticut. On old stumps. 1892. (Collins).

(Farlow).

New Jersey. Salisbury. October. (Holden). Nebraska. On damp wood, moist earth, wood and rocks. (WoUe). California. in greenhouses. State University, Lincoln. (Bessey, Saunders). On rocks. North side of Bolinas Ridge, Marin County. June 1896. (SetchWest Indies. Forming violet-colored masses among mosses on limeell). stone rocks in mountains near Utuado, Porto Rico. (Moebius). On steps of Court House, Port Antonio. April 1893; on leaves of trees, Bath, Jamaica. (Humphrey). Head of Castle Bruce River, Dominica. January and February
On
1896. (Elliott).

High Ledge, Melrose. April Shore of upper Twin Lake,

Forma brunnea Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 258. Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879. (S. cortex Wolle). De Toni. c. Si51.

1887;

Fresh

bruneum

cal,

Plant mass dark brown; filaments covered with apparently "sub-spheriresinous cells."

South Carolina. (Ravenel).

515.

Florida. (Ravenel, Smith, Austin).

1.

Var. symplocoides (Reinsch) Bornet and Flahault.

I.

c.

99.

De

Toni.

c.

Maze and Schramm.

Sheaths colorless;
cell

Essai

Class.

Algues Guadeloupe.

36.

1870-1877.

(Calothrix conferta
West
Indies. (Maze).

Crouan).

contents pale blue-green.

Var. calcicolum Hansgirg. Physiologische und Algologische Mittheilungen. pi. 3. f. 35. 1890; Prodromus der Algenflora von Bohmen. 2: 33. 1892. De Toni. 1. i;. 516.
Plant mass smooth, brown or black, rarely almost soft, gelatinous, often expanded; filaments 6-12 mic. in diameter, more or less branched, curved, often associated in dense floccose masses; false branches somewhat more slender, single or in pairs, approximate, usually issuing between two heterocysts, erect; sheaths close, somewhat thickened with age, yellow or yellowish orange, rarely almost colorless; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; cells almost inconspicuous, somewhat quadrate or twice as short as wide, heterocysts

somewhat quadrate,

single or in pairs, a

little

shorter or longer than

their diameter; cell contents granular, dull blue-green, green, olive or yel-

lowish.

South Carolina. (Ravenel).

399.

Florida.

(Smith, Austin, Ravenel).

Scytonema varium Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 307. 1849. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 97. 1887. De
Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 512. 1907.

Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34. 1870-1877. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877. (S. chrysochlorum Kg.) Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 253. 1887. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 398. 1901.
;

2i8
Calif.

Minnesota Algae
Pub. Bot.
i
:

195.

1903.

Lemmermann.
fig.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln.

Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905.

Plate XII.

S.

Plant mass 2-3

mm.

in height, cushion-shaped, bluish-green or

brown-

sheaths gelatinous, below colorless, pellucid, in upper portions yellowish; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate, scarcely distinct; heterocysts somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter, colorless; cell contents densely
ish; filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, tortuous, entangled;

granular, blue-green or yellowish.

Alaska.
tatia

(Saunders).

rocks moistened by spray from a waterfall. Near Juneau. Florida. AnasCanada. Shaded rocks. Niagara. (Wolle). Hawaii. (Schauinsland). Island, St. Augustine. (Wolle).

On

400.

Scytonema javanicum (Kuetzing) Bornet

in Bornet and Flahault. Notes Algologiques. 148, 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
S: 506.

1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 269.
pi.

the

West

Indies.

14.

f.

12-15. 1895.

Setchell.

Notes on

some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901.
Plate XII.
fig. 6.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, 2-4 mm. in thickness, deep blue-green or reddish; filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter, coalesced in vertical fascicles; false branches long, flexuous, aggregated; sheaths firm, thin, colorless, becoming yellowish; trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter; cells compressed or quadrate; heterocysts somewhat quadrate; cell contents green becoming

brown or

violet.

Massachusetts. Growing on trunks of trees in Middlesex Fells, MelWest Indies. On lime trees. Shanford Estate; Anguilla; rose. (Setchell). on walls, Roseau, Dominica, November, December 1892. (Elliott). On flower pot in garden. Castleton, Jamaica. Ai^ril 1893. (Humphrey).
Var. hawaiiense
34: 624. pi.
7.
f.

6-8.

1905.

Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. c. 507. De Toni.

1.

Bot. Jahrb.

Plate XII.

fig.

7.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, dark blue-green; filaments 9.5-11 mic. in diameter, coalesced into vertical fascicles; sheaths firm, thin, always colorless;

diameter; cells 5.5-14 mic. in length, cylindrical, cells compressed) heterocysts 7-9.5 mic. in diafneter, 9.5-14 mic. in length, usually cylindrical, rarely somewhat quadrate, sometimes yellowish; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green, the

trichomes 5.5-8 mic.

in

sometimes quadrate (younger

cells in

younger branches being

filled

with reddish bodies (gas vacuoles).

Hawaii.
401.

Among

mosses. Crater of Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

97. pi.

Scytonema ocellatum Lyngbye. Hydrophytologia Danica.

28 A.

Myxophyceae
1819.

219
Sci.

Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

5: 95. 1887.

Nat. Bot.

VII.
(S.

De
S.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Class.

5: 509. 1907.

Algues Guadeloupe. 33. 1870-1877. WoUe. FreshCrouan). Water Algae U. S. 258. pi. 188. f. 1-4, 10-14. 1887. (S. c i n e r e u m Menegh.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found Saunders. Protophytain New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. Bessey. Additions Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 24. pi. 2. f. 24. 1894. to the Reported Flora of Nebraska made during 1893. Bot. Surv. NeSetchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. I. Erythea. 4: 88. braska. '3: 5. 1894. Wittrock, Nordstedt, and Lagerheim. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 1322. 1896. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions 210. 1896; Fasc. 15. no. 711. 1900. Colto the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: I4- ipoilins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901; Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes on the late Isaac Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.Holden. II. Rhodora. 7. 237. 1905.
Essai

Maze and Schramm.

torridum

Agardh,

parietinum

Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905.

Plate XII.

fig.

8.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, black or gray becoming bluish; filaments 10-18 mic. in diameter, up to 3 mm. in length, entangled, branched; false branches short; sheaths firm, becoming brownish; trichomes 6-14 mic. in diameter, cells shorter than the diameter or quadrate, heterocysts some-

what quadrate, yellowish;

cell

contents olive green.

Hampshire. One of the three species composing the brown coating Massachusetts, on the wall of the "Flume." September 1904. (Collins). Forming a dark brown felt upon rocks just above the surface of the water.
Connecticut. On Massapoag Brook, at Sharon. April 1891. (Setchell). New York. dripping rocks. Sage's Ravine, Salisbury. August. (Holden). New Jersey. On moist rocks. Bergen, Godwinville. (Austin). (Wolle). Pennsylvania. On moist rocks and shaded walls. (Wolle). Florida. Nebraska. On flower pots in greenhouse. University, Lincoln. (^Wolle). Bermudas. On sand dunes. Paget. January 1900. (Bessey, Saunders).

New

CFarlow).
ton, Jamaica.

West Indies. On bark of trees. Near Constant Spring, KingsDecember 1892. (Lagerheim). On old palm stems. Castleton,
Hawaii. (Berggren, Schauinsland).
Fl.

Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

402.

Scytonema intertextum (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst.

263.
1865.

Eur. Algar. 2:

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 511. 1907.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879;.
f.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

Fresh-

Water Algae U.

S. 258. pi.

186.

10-17. 1887.
fig.

Plate XII.

9.

Plant mass more or less thick, cushion-shaped, compact, dark brown

or olive; filaments up to 20 mic. in diameter, ascending; false branches fasciculate, flexuously curved, densely entangled; sheaths somewhat thick,

sometimes

a little swollen, distinctly lamellose, yellowish or flesh-colored.

i>20

Minnesota Algae
brownish, the
external layers

rarely
fibrils;

sometimes

diffluent

into

colorless

trichomes 12-16 mic. in diameter, here and there irregularly constricted at joints; cells equal to or a little longer than their diameter; heterocysts oblong or somewhat spherical, very pale brown in color, solitary or in pairs at the base of the false branches; cell contents granular.
Florida.
403.

On

old wood. (Smith).

austinii
58.

Scytonema
America.

1874.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 511. 1907.
S. 261. pi.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U.

189.

f.

5.

1887. (S

ip

p h y o-

WoUe and Martindale. siphon austinii Wood). Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

Algae. Britton's
J.

2: 605. 1889.

Plant mass cushion-shaped and somewhat turfy, brown or black; filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter, ascending, mostly unbranched, curved; sheaths reddish or yellowish brown at the apex, colorless and transparent, firm,
indistinctly lamellose, with
ter,

rough surface; trichomes 4-10 mic.

in

diame-

blue-green or dark-colored, often very much thickened at the ends; cells shorter or longer than their diameter; heterocysts short, cylindrical, somewhat quadrate or spherical, sometimes strongly compressed and much
shorter than broad.

New
404.

Jersey.

Forming
millei

Little Falls.

(Austin).

a sort of miniature turfy cushion upon the rocks. Pennsylvania. On rocks. (Wolle)

Scytonema
147.

1880.

Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algologiques. Bornet and Flahault. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 93.
e

1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 505. 1907.

Hohenacker. Algae Marinae Siccatae. no. 458. 1862. (S. 1 Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Kg.).
J907.

i i

29. no.

1405.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, woolly, widely expanded, 1-5 mm. thick, dark green, becoming brown; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter, flexuous, entangled, branched; false branches erect, spreading; sheaths firm, brownish; trichomes 10-15 ic. in diameter; cells compressed; heterocysts compressed, brown, shorter than the diameter of the trichome.

West Indies. On earth. St. Thomas. (Hohenacker). Mavis Bank Road, Jamaica. June 1906. (Lewis).
405.

On

earth and rocks.

Scj^onema guyanense (Montagne) Bornet and

Nostoc. Ann.
506.
Sci.

Flahault. Revis. des

Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 1887.

De
2.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

(S. b y sStudy of the

1907.
I'lle

Montagne. Histoire de

de Cuba.

10.

pi.

f.

2.

1838.

soid,eum corticale

Mont.).

Wood. Prodromus

of a

Fresh- Water Algae of Eastern North America. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 11: Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 33: 1870130. 1869. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh- Water 77. (Calothrix indica Crouan). Algae North America. 64. pi. 5. f. 4. 1872. (S. r a v e n e 1 i i Wood). Wood. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877. (SymphyoNordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de siphon wollei Born.). Characeis ex insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. (S.

Myxophyceae

221
Nordst.).

pulvinatum

WoUe. Fresh Water

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot.

;

Club. 6: 283. 1879.

Algae U. S. 257. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County.

(M astigonema velutinum Wolle) Fresh-Water ravenelii Wolle). pi. 186. f. 1-6. 1887. (S. cortex
13.

1888.

Lemmermann.

Algenfl.

Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Plant mass dense, cushion-shaped, 1-2 mm. in thickness, widely expanded, blackish green; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter, coalesced in vertical fascicles; false branches long, fiexuous, aggregated; sheaths firm, membranaceous, lamellose, yellowish brown; trichomes 10-16 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or elongate; cell contents olive green.

Massachusetts. In a greenhouse. Newton. (Farlow). New Jersey. olive green stratum, a little above the water level, on the plank sides of a neglected basin of sea water. Perth Amboy. July Pennsylvania. On calcareous rocks. (Wolle). South 1878. (Wolle). Carolina. Forming little turfy spots of a greenish color on bark. Growing Florida. On on twigs of a C e 1 1 i s and on bark of a willow. (Ravenel). Hawaii. On volcanic gravel, Oahu. trunks of various trees. (Smith). (Berggren, Schauinsland).

Forming an extended

406.

Scytonema amplum West and West.

the

On some

Freshwater Algae from

f.

West
1.

Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 270. pi. 16.

14-16. 1895;

Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Inc.

dies.

34: 287. 1900.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

fig.

5: 512.

1907.

Plate XII.

10, II.

Plant mass small, woolly, 3-5

mm.

in

diameter, brownish; filaments

19-24 mic. in diameter, densely entangled;" false branches 13.5-16 mic. in

diameter, rare, usually in pairs but sometimes single,

the

more slender than main filament; sheaths very wide, formed of parallel layers, in outer portions gelatinous, colorless or somewhat yellowish, in the interior

abruptly yellowish or brownish; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, narrow; cells up to six times longer than the diameter; heterocysts oblong, several times longer than their diameter; cell contents yellowish green.

West
ber,

Indies.

On

trees.

Summit

of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet).

on rocks, Castle Bruce River (2,000-3,000 minica. January, February 1896. (Elliott).

December.

1892;

feet),

NovemDo-

407.

Scytonema woUeanum De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 513. 1907. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879; FreshWater Algae U. S. 255. pi. 187. f. 1-3. 1887. (S. m r a b 1 e Wolle).
i i

Plate XII.

fig;

12.

Plant mass more or less widely expanded, olive becoming brownish; filaments 20-25 mic. in diameter, strongly curved and fiexuous; false branches 12.5-15 mic. in diameter, numerous, usually in pairs, adhering usually without separation of the trichome at the end; sheaths firm, smooth, olive or yellowish, rarely nearly colorless; trichomes often some-

what moniliform;
Florida.
408.

cells

two to three times shorter than

trees. (Ravenel).
in

their diameter.

On

bark of Cypress

Scytonema stuposum (Kuetzing) Bornet

Bornet and Thuret. Notes

222

Minnesota Algae
Algologiques. 146. 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 92. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
503. 1907.

Maze and Schramm.

(S.

Essai Class. Algues

Guadeloupe.

34.

1870-1877.

cyanescens

Crouan).
Plate XII.
fig.

13, 14-

Plant mass cushion-shaped, woolly, widely expanded, blackish violet or becoming reddish; filaments 16-30 mic. in diameter, 5-10 mm. long, free, branched; false branches approximate, solitary or in pairs; sheaths
thick, gelatinous;

trichomes 12-18 mic.

in

diameter; cells somewhat quad-

rate or

two or three times shorter than

Indies. (Maze).

their diameter; heterocysts equal-

ling the cells in diameter; cell contents olive or violet.

West
40Q.

Scytonema tolypotrichoides Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 307. 1849. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 100.
1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

516. 1907.
pi. 6.
f.

Wood.
1872.
(S.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 61.

2.

calotrichoides Wood).
1877;
1887.

WoUe. Fresh Water

Britton's
2:

Algae.

II.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139.

f.

Fresh-Water Algae U.
N.
J.

S. 250. pi.

182.

4-1 1.

Plants found in

WoUe and New Jersey.

Martindale. Algae.
Geol. Surv.

Catalogue

of

604.

1889.

Setchell.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

II.

Erythea. 4: 192. 1896.

Plate XIII.
fig. I.

Plant mass caespitose, floating, spherical, one cm. in diameter, brown or green in color, filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter, 5-6 mm. long, radiating from the center, repeatedly branched; sheaths colorless, becoming orange brown, lamellose; the outer layers often colorless; trichomes 8-12 mic. in
diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or oblong, scarcely distinct; heterocysts varied, some short, some long, rose-colored; cell contents densely granular,

olive or yellowish.

New York. In gelatinous masses on dripping rocks. Niagara Falls; New Jersey. on wet or moist earth on the banks of rivers. (Wolle). South Carolina. In wet, boggy places, Frequent on wet rocks. (Wolle). on rotten pine boards. September 1869. (Ravenel).
410.

Scytonema
S: 517-

flavo-viride
Sci.

Nostoc. Ann.
1907.

Nat. Bot. VII. 5: loi. 1887.

(Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des De Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plant mass caespitose, entangled, floating, yellowish green; filaments 12-18 mic. in diameter, 2 cm. and more in length, rigid, very sparingly branched; sheaths colorless, thick, lamellose; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, cylindrical, equal, constricted at joints; cells twice as long as wide, sometimes up to 15 mic. in diameter and shorter than the diameter; heterocysts quadrate or oblong, colorless; hormogones very long; cell contents
blue-green.

Mexico. In swamps. Near Vera Cruz. (Miller).

411.

Scytonema mirabile (Dillwyn) Bornet. Les Nostocacees heterocystees du Systema Algarum de C. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymie ac-

Myxophyceae
tuelle (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 12. 1889.
hault. Revis. des Nostoc.

223
Bornet and Fla:

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 5

loi.

1887.

(S.

figuratum
Wood.
2.
1.

Ag.)

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 517. 1907.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 60, 61. pi. 6. (S. therrnale Kg., S. calotrichoides Kg.). Nordstedt. Die Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 6. 1878. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
I,

1872.

351. pi.

183.

f.

5-7.

1887; 259. 1887.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Brit-

ton's Catalogue of Plants found in

1889.

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

J.

2: 604.

West and West. On some Fresh-water Algae from the West InSetchell. Notes On CyanoJourn. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 271. 1895. phyceae. I. Erythea. 4: 89. 1896; Notes on Cyanophyceae. II. Erythea. 4: Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 290. 1898. (S. 193. 1896. y odies.

chrous
1898-1900.

(Dillw.)

Ag.).

the Freshwater Algae of

Setchell.

West and West. A Further Contribution to the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 287.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

III.

Erythea. 7: 48. 1899.

Collins,

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 396. 1900. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 857. 1901.

Holden and

Saunders.

The

Algae.

TilHarriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901. den. Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: 166. 1902. Setchell and Gardner.

Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 195. 1903. lins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora.

Col7:

237.

1905.

Lemmermann.

Tilden. American

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905. Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. i. no. 631. 1909.

Plate XIII.

fig. 2-s.

Plant mass woolly, widely expanded, spongy-tomentose, brownish black or blackish green; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter, tortuous, entangled, 2-4 mm. or i cm. in thickness; sheaths lamellose, yellowish brown; layers of the sheath scarcely diverging; trichomes 6-12 mic. in diameter; basal cells long, cylindrical, the upper ones disc-shaped; heterocysts somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter, brownish; cell contents yellowish green.

Alaska. On moist ground near Glacier Bay; in a freshwater stream emptying into Glacier Bay; on the perpendicular surface of a rock moistConnecticut. ened by dripping water, Kukak Bay, July 1899. (Saunders). Coating moist limestone rocks. On shore of Housatonic River, near Gaylordsville. June, October* 1901. (Holden). New York. Forming a dark brown New Jersey. Frequent on subcoating on wet rocks. Niagara. (Wolle). South Carolina. Damp surface of merged sticks in ponds. (Wolle). hard clay; in wet boggy places on rotten pine boards, September 1869. Minnesota. On sides of (Ravenel). Sandy soil near Aiken. (Wolle).

Iowa. On rocks in stone quarry. Minneapolis. May 1899. (Crosby). Colorado. In pannose layers upon the "Pilcliffs. Fayette. 1897. (Fink). lars of Hercules," South Cheyenne Cafion, near Manitou. (Setchell).

Mexico. (Miiller).
St.

West
1892;

Indies.
trees,

On damp

wall of dam. Sharp's River,

feet),

Vincent.

May

on

summit

of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet),

vember and December

1892;

on rocks, Hamstead Valley (850

NoDo-

224
minica,

Minnesota Algae
January

and February

1896.

(Elliott).

Hawaii.

In

stagnant

water.

Mauna Kea, Hawaii. (Berggren,

Schauinsland).
1.

Var. leprieurii (Montagne)

1.

Bornet and Flahault.

c.

103.

De

Toni.

c.

520.

Schramm and Maze. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1865. and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34. 1870-1877. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1014. 1903.
Outer layers of sheath gelatinous, colorless.
Canada.
Policy).
412.

Maze
Collins,

Warm
West

sulphur springs, Banff, Alberta. June 1901. (Butler and

Indies.

(Maze and Schramm).

Scytonema myochrous (Dillwyn) Agardh. Dispositio Algar. sueciae. 38. 1812. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 5: 104. 1887.
Dickie. In Hooker.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 521. 1907.

of the Plants collected

An Account

by Dr. Walker

Greenland and Arctic America during the Expedition of Sir Francis M'Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht "Fox." Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861; Notes on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Taylor, and Remarks on Arctic Species in General. 1. c. 9: 242. 1867. Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the Fresh- Water Algae of Eastern North America. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 11: 129. 1869. (S. cataractae Wood); RabenContr. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 62. pi. 7. f. i. 1872. horst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2492. 1877. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. 6: 184. 1877. (S. brandegei Wolle); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 252, 253. pi. 182. f. 1-3; pi. 183. f. 1-4; pi. 185. f. 1-7. 1887. (S. gracile Kg., S. t u rin

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. Am. Fasc. 3. no. 109. 1895. II. EryCollins. Some Perforating and other Algae on thea. 4: 192, 193. 1896. Saunders. Algae. Harriman Fresh- Water Shells. Erythea. 5: 96. 1897. Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 195. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 1903. II. RhoBuchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa dora. 7: 237. 1905.

fosumKg.).

A-cad. Sci. 14:

10.

1908.

Plate XIII.

fig. 6.

Plant mass woolly, widely expanded, spongy-tomentose, brownish black or blackish green; filaments 18-36 mic. in diameter, 2-15 mm. long, tortuous, entangled; sheaths lamellose, yellowish brown; layers of the sheath diverging; trichomes 6-12 mic. in diameter; basal cells long, cylindrical, the upper ones disc-shaped; heterocysts somewhat quadrate or longer than their diameter, brown; gonidia spherical, yellowish brown; cell contents yellowish green.
Alaska. Forming small tufts on rocks in a brook emptying into Glacier Greenland. (Borgesen). Canada. Fresh water. Port Bay. (Saunders). Kennedy. (Walker). Cumberland Sound. (Taylor). Forming broad turf-

Myxophyceae
like

225

coating on the rocks below the great cataract. Niagara Falls. (Wood). Dark brown coating on wet rocks. Niagara. (Wolle). Rhode Island. New Providence. (Bennett). Connecticut. Forming dark brownish patches on submerged limestone rocks. Twin Lakes, Salisbury. August, October 1892. (Holden). Growing on outside of Unio shells. Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield County. August 1895. (Setchell and Holden). New

rocky shores of Morris Pond. (Wolle). On moist ground. Bergen. (Austin). Pennsylvania. Moist ground in extended patches and on dripping rocks. (Wolle). North Carolina. Moist ground. (Ravenel). Iowa. Fayette. 1905. (Fink). Colorado. Wet rocks. (BranBermudas. (Farlow). degee).
Jersey.
Closter,
413.

On

Scytonema badium Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

Club. 6: 184. 1877.

III. Bull.

Torr. Bot.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

;

5: 524. 1907.

ter,

Plant mass thin, brown (b a d i u s) filaments 40-75 mic. in diamesomewhat erect, appressed, short; false branches flaccid, divaricate, single or in pairs; sheaths wide, yellowish olive; trichomes 2-2.5 mic in diameter, sometimes continuous, sometimes showing distinct transverse walls; cells about as long as wide; heterocysts scattered or situated at the base, somewhat spherical or oblong; cell contents pale blue-green.

New
414.

York.

On

old wood.

Herkimer County. (Austin).

i.

Scytonema fuliginosum Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

no. 629. 1909.

Plate XIII.

fig.

7, 8.

Plant mass thin, bluish green; filaments 28-50 mic. in diameter; sheaths folded into many layers or laminations; layers much dilated, dark brown in thicker parts; trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter; cells 1.4-5 rnic. in length; heterocysts 12-16 mic. in diameter, spherical, oval or somewhat quadrate;
cell

contents gray green.

just

Hawaii. Forming a thin layer on bottom of small shallow tide pool below high tide. Pahala Plantation beach, south shore of Hawaii.

July 1900. (Tilden).

415.

Scytonema alatum (Carmichael) Borzi. Morfologia e Biologia delle Alghe Ficocromacee. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 373- i879- Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: no.
1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Berk.).

5: 528.

1907.
III. 99. pi. 48-

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part

A.

f.

1-4.

1858.

(Petalonema alatum
Algae North America.
188.
f.

Wood.

Contr.

Hist.

Fresh-Water

IS,

16.

193. 1896. 3- 47- Pl-

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 267. pi. Notes on Cyanophyceae. II. Erythea. 4: Hone. Petalonema alatum in Minnesota. Minn. Bot. Studies.
66. 1872.

1887.

Setchell.

13. 1903.

Plate XIII.

fig.

9-

Plant mass caespitose, mucous, black or brown; 24-66 mic. in diameappressed; false branches short, ter, 4-8 mm. in length, flexuous, erect or lamellose wings or memforming sheaths outline; in spreading, irregular

226

Minnesota Algae

branaceous expansions, the outer layers white, somewhat transparent, the internal layers bright yellow, contracted at the heterocysts, very smooth on the surface; trichomes 9-15 mic. in diameter; cells shorter than the diameter; heterocysts spherical, brownish; cell contents blue-green or green.

York. On dripping rocks under Biddle Stairs, Niagara Falls. (Harvey). "The only locality hitherto discovered for this plant is on the high cliff, near the Cave of the Winds, Niagara Falls. 'Twas found there twenty-five years since and it may be gathered there to-day." (Wolle). Minnesota. On gravel bed of a quiet stream, the outlet of an old tank near the Government Dam works. Near Minneapolis. October 1901. Hone.
1849.

New

416.

Scytonema junipericolum Farlow

Phyc.
S: 525.

in
756.

Collins,
1900.

Holden and

Setchell.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
1907.

16.

no.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plant mass forming indefinite, pulvinate, tomentose, black expansions .2-.3 mm. high; basal filaments .14-16 mic. in diameter, nearly prostrate; upper filaments 12-14 ic. in diameter; false branches in pairs, numerous, erect, soon dividing into Tolypothrix-like, tortuous, corymbose branchlets; sheaths about 2 mic. in thickness, lamellose, with diverging layers, with obtuse apex; cells at the base disc-shaped, the upper ones becoming cuboidal and often torulose; heterocysts 11-12 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic.
in length.

Juniperus bermudiana.
417.

Bermudas. Common, forming dark velvety patches on the bark of "Fairyland." January 1900. (Farlow).

Scytonema crustaceum Agardh. Syst. Algar. 39. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 106. 1887.

De
Wolle.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 525.

1907.
S.

Fresh-Water Algae U.
Kg.)
Collins,

263.

1887.

(Symphyosiphon
Bor.-Am. Fasc.

crustaceus

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

28. no. 1358. 1907.

Plate XIII.

fig.

10-12.

branches ascending, free; sheaths gelatinous, yellowish brown, lamellose, the layers diverging; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or depressed; heterocysts oblong,
blue-green.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, black, .5-2 mm. in 15-30 mic. in diameter, thick, short, erect, aggregated, ened and decumbent, with numerous branches; false short, in pairs, coalesced at the base, finally becoming

thickness;

filaments

often slightly thick-

Connecticut. On limestone rock. Salisbury. November 1906. (Phelps). Pennsylvania. Not infrequent, on wet cliffs. (Wolle).

Var. incrustans (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault.

1.

1.

c.

107.

De
139.

Toni.

c.

526.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

II.

Bull. Torr.

Bot. Club. 6:

1877;

(Symphyosiphon incrustans
Scytonema.
phyceae.

Kg.).

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 217. 1878.

Nostoc the Matrix of Setchell. Notes on Cyano-

II.

Erythea. 4: 191. 1896.

Myxophyceae

227

False branches in pairs, included within a common sheath as far as the apex; gonidia spherical or oval; wall of gonidium deep brown.

New
(Wolle).
418.

York.

Common

on

rocks

exposed

to

spray.

Niagara

Falls.

Scytonema densum (A. Braun) Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algologiques. 152. 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 109. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
527.

1907.

the West Indies. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 271. 1895. II. Erythea. 4: 191. 1896; Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 48. 1899.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from

Collins.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.

Am. Acad. Arts

fig.

Sci. 37: 241. 1901.

Plate XIII.

13.

Plant mass dense, cushion-shaped, brown or black; filaments 24-40 mic. in diameter, i mm. in length, entangled; false branches erect, appressed; sheaths yellowish brown, gelatinous, lamellose, the younger ones pale yellow; trichomes 6-12 mic. in diameter; heterocysts somewhat quadrate;
cell

contents green.

New
J

York.
c

On

rocks.

Niagara. August 1876. (Wolle).

California.

Twin Oaks, San Diego County. (Koch).

a V an
i

West

on lime-trees. Shanford Estate,

Amongst S. Dominica. November and

Indies.

December

1892. (Elliott). In turfs in

moist places. Port Antonio, Jamaica.

April 1893. (Humphrey).

419.

Symphyosiphon bornetianum Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

pi.

S.

261.

189.

f.

4.

1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

fig.

5: 536.

1907.

Plate XIII.

14.

Plant mass thin, with

smooth

surface,

brownish or reddish brown;

filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter, short, thick, with the branches forming a close, upright growth; sheaths close; cells somewhat longer or shorter

than the diameter; heterocysts scattered, yellowish;

or slightly blue-green.

cell

contents

brown

South Carolina.
420.

On
f.

old bricks. Port Royal; on clay

Hist.

cliffs.

(Wolle).

Scytonema dubium Wood. Contr.

America.
63. pi. 6.
3-

Fresh-Water Algae North

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 533- i907-

Plant mass immersed; filaments 6-10 mic. in diameter, very long, interwoven, variously curved, usually sparingly branched; false branches usually single, more or less distant, moderately short, sometimes very short, abortive and somewhat crowded; sheaths close, usually rather thick and firm, transparent, colorless; trichomes often contained indistinct transin distinct, cell-like apartments, sometimes continuous, with verse walls; heterocysts cylindrical, two to six times longer than broad; bluish green, sometimes bright cell contents finely granular, usually pale
closely

blue-green.

New

Jersey.

On

leaves of

Ranunculus

aquatilis.

In Shepherd's

228

Minnesota Algae

Mill Pond, near Greenwich, Cumberland County. 1869. (Wood).

421.

Scytonema hirtulum (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst.

1865.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2: 265.

1887. (S

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 531. 1907.

S. 261. pi.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U.

189.

f.

7-

m p h y o-

siphon hirtulus

Kg.).

Plate XIII.

fig.

IS.

Plant mass spine-shaped, wick-like bundles of filaments; filaments and false branches ID-IS mic. in diameter, ascending, slightly curved, parallel and more or less densely agglutinated below, usually free at the apices, obtusely rounded; sheaths colorless or yellowish, transparent, the external layers a little swollen with age, roughened, 20 mic. in thickness; trichomes 8-10 mic. in
diameter; transverse walls distinct; cells equal to the diameter or a little shorter; heterocysts both basal and intercalary, single or in pairs, oblong,

expanded, cushion-shaped, olivaceous-black, consisting of

brown

in color.

United States.
422.

On

moist rocks and

damp

earth. (Wolle).

Scytonema immersum Wood. Contr.

America.
59. pi. 2.
f.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae North

9.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 530. 1907.

Intermingled with other algae and adhering to aquatic plants; filaabout 10 mic. in diameter, elongate; false branches mostly in pairs, more or less distant, short or elongate; sheaths wide, transparent, colorless; apex of trichome obtusely rounded; transverse walls sometimes distinct, sometimes invisible; cells quadrate or shorter than the diameter;

ments

heterocysts distinct, single, intercalary, somewhat cylindrical, sometimes half as long as broad, sometimes nearly twice as long; cell contents bright
blue-green.

New Jersey. Forming a flocculent, greenish black, slimy coating to the In stems and finely dissected leaves of Ranunculus aquatilis. Shepherd's Mill Pond, near Greenwich, Cumberland County. 1869. (Wood).
423.

Scytonema polymorphum Naegeli. Rabenhorst.

257. i86s.

Fl.

Eur. Algar.

2:

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 532. I907-

Moebius. Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und LuftAlgen. Hedwigia. 27: 24s. 1888. Plant mass cushion-shaped, dark blue-green or blackish; filaments 7-27 mic. in diameter, variously curved, loosely entangled, sparingly branched; false branches single or in pairs; sheaths colorless or yellowish brown, transparent, lamellose; trichomes S.8-14.S mic. in diameter; transverse walls visible or invisible; cells shorter or up to three times longer than their diameter; heterocysts oblong, colorless or pale brown; cell contents light blue-green or lead-colored.

West
424.

Indies. Porto Rico. (Moebius).

Scytonema rubrum Montagne. Premiere Centurie de Plantes Cellulaires Exotiques. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 8: 349. 1837; Histoire de
rile

de Cuba.

9.

1838.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

S:

532.

1907.

Myxophyceae

229

false

Filaments decumbent, reddish, dichotomously branched, entangled; branches spreading, abruptly bent; cells shorter than their diameter.
Indies.

West
425.

On

fallen leaves.

Cuba. (Montagne).

Scytonema simplex Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 57. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 259. 1887. (S.

simplice Wood

!!).

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 536.

1907.

Plant mass moderately thick, somewhat cushion-like, blackish green; filaments 10-15 c- in diameter, very long, fiexuously curved, sparingly branched or without branches; false branches in pairs or single, usually elongate; sheaths thick, transparent, often colorless, sometimes pale yellowish brown, mostly open and truncate at apex; trichomes 3-6 mic! in diameter; cells equal to seven times as long as broad (?), often separated, apical cells very short; heterocysts cylindrical, scattered, two to five times

longer than their diameter;

cell

contents sparsely granular, pale greenish.

South Carolina. Adhering to the wet sides of a wooden gutter leading water from a spring. Aiken. September 1869. (Ravenel).

Genus

TOLYPOTHRIX

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 227. 1843.

Filaments branched; false branches usually arising in the immediate region of the heterocysts, rarely between two heterocysts, single; sheaths somewhat thin, flexible, more or less fragile; gonidia spherical, oval or elliptical, often many in a series; wall of gonidium smooth, thin.
I
1

Sheaths thin.
Plants living in water
(i) (2)

Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter

Filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter

T. tenuis T. lanata T. distorta

(3)
(4)

Filaments 10-15 mic.

in

diameter

Filaments 12-17 mic. in diameter moist places

T. penicillata

Plants living in
(i)

Filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter

Filaments 15-25 mic. in diameter

T. byssoidea

(2)

T. ravenelii

II
1

Sheaths thick.
Plants living in water
(i) (2)

Filaments 5-6 mic. in diameter Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter

T. setchellii

T. limbata

Plants living in moist places; filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter T. rupestris

Species not well understood

T. glacialis
426.

Tolypothrix tenuis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 228. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 122. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 545- i907-

230

IVIinnesota

Algae
1883.

WoUe. Fresh-Water

Algae. VII. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10:

20.

WoUe

and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New West and West. On some FreshJersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. water Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 271. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. Collins. 11. Erythea. 4: 193. 1896. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 128. 1896. Tilden. American Algae. Century IV. no. 397. 1900. Saun257. 1897. ders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. 3: 398. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 196. 1903.

Fasc.

I.

no. 628. 1909.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose, rarely extended in a cushion-like layer, blue-green, becoming brownish with age; filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter,
2 cm. in height, repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flex-

uously curved; sheaths membranaceous, thin, usually inflated at the base of the branches, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, cylindrical; cells equal to or longer than the diameter; heterocysts one to five, often colorless; cell contents blue-green.
Alaska.

Forming brownish

or blue-green tufts, attached to rocks in

fresh water. Glacier Bay;

Massachusetts. On Popof Islands. (Saunders). mosses and various small plants. Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells. (Collins).

New
1896.

Jersey. Often very abundant, in ponds. (Wolle). Plainfield. (Balen).

grasses in pools in abandoned brickyard. Baltimore. October Michigan. Ann Arbor. (Reighard). Minnesota. In tank. Botanical Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. March South Dakota. Forming blue-green tufts or coatings on 1909. (Tilden).

Maryland.

On

(Humphrey).

finally becoming loosened and floating. Big Stone Lake. August Washington. Near Newhall, Orcas Island; Green (Saunders). West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp's Lake, Seattle. (Gardner). River, St. Vincent. May 1892. (Elliott).

reeds,
i8g8.

Forma bryophila Rabenhorst.

1.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2: 273. 1865.

5-7. 1887.

De

Toni.

c.

547-

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

S. 265. pi. 181.

f.

Forming
diameter.

a widely extended, thin,

papery layer; trichomes

2.5-3 mic. in

New
(Wolle).
427.

Jersey. Often very abundant in ponds. (Wolle).

Pennsylvania.

Tolypothrix lanata (Desvaux) Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Sachsens. no. 768. 1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 120. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
542. 1907.

Wood.
I

1872. (T.

Torr. Bot

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 66. pi. 8. f. i s t o r t a var. Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV. Bull. Club. 7: 44. 1880. (T. aegagropila Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae

U.

S. 263-265. pi. 180.

f.

5-7, 14-16; pi. 181.

f.

1-4. 1887.

(T.

musc

c o

a Kg.,


Myxophyceae
T.

231
Kg., T.

f 1 a c c i d a Kg.). Collins. Algae of Middlesex Parvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine. I. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 161. 1888. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Johnson. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 22. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 209. 1896; Fasc. 20. no. 956. 190:.;. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Bot. 1 195. 1903. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.

pulchra
13.

County.

1888.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

I.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose, rarely extended

in a cushion-like layer,

blue-green, becoming brownish with age; filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, '^ cm. in height, repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flex-

uously curved, sheaths membranaceous, thin, usually inflated at the base of the branches, colorless or yellowish; trichomes about 10 mic. in diameter, cylindrical; cells equal to or longer than the diameter; heterocysts one to four, often colorless; cell contents blue-green.
Alaska. Forming blackish brown felt-like mats in shallow, running water. Unalaska. June 1899; forming dark brown, felt-like layers on rocks or on the bottom of shallow, fresh water or dried streams, Iliuliuk. (Setch-

Maine. Old well. College Farm, near Orono. 1887. and Lawson). Massachusetts. Spot Pond, Stoneham; floating in clay pits, (Harvey). Connecticut. Lime Rock. (Adam). Medford, April 1893. (Collins). Mostly on aquatic mosses in summer and autumn, in quiet water. Pequonnock River, Bridgeport. November 1890; Lake Saltonstall, near New New Jersey. Clusters torn Haven, September to December. (Holden). Pennfrom attachment by storm. Budd's Lake. August 1881. (WoUe). sylvania. Forming little bright green balls, adherent to aquatic plants in Indiana. In an aquarium. Philadelphia. (Wood). In ponds. (WoUe). Monshallow ponds. Edgemoor, Lake County. August 1890. (Johnson). tana. On dripping rocks and on wet wood-work of dams, flumes, etc., in Washsprings and streams. July to October. (Anderson and Kelsey). West Indies. (Maze). ington. Near Seattle. (Kincaid).
ell

Var. hawaiiensis Nordstedt.

Insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv.

De

Algis

Aquae Dulcis
reportatis.
6.

et

de Characeis ex

Berggren 1875

1878. (T.

musc

i-

cola).

De Lemmermann.
Toni.

1.

c.

545.

Algenfl.

Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.

Jahrb.

34:

625.

1905.

Filaments 9-14 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter; cells length. 4-7 mic. in length; heterocysts 9 mic. in diameter, 10-15 mic in Hawaii. Adhering to leaves in stagnant water. Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
(Berggren).
428.

Tolypothrix distorta (Hofman-Bang) Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 228. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
S: 119. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 54i- I907-

Wood.

Contr.

Hist. Fresh-Water Algae

North America.

65.

1872.

232
Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U.
of
S. 263. pi. 180.
f.

Minnesota Algae
1-3. 1887.

Bennett. Plants
Kg.).

Rhode

Island. 114. 1888.

(Scytonema gracile

Wolle and

Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. Tilden. American Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Algae. Cent. I. no. 82. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 478. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. iii. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station, i: Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. 153. 1902.
Calif.

Pub. Bot.

i:

195.

1903.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

2-4.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose or extended in a cushion-like layer, blue-green or brownish; filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter, 1-3. cm. in length, repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flexuously curved; sheaths membranaceous, thin, here and there inflated at the base of the branches, colorless, rarely yellowish; trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter, sometimes constricted at joints; cells equal to or shorter than the diameter; heterocysts solitary, rarely in twos or threes; cell contents blue-green. Alaska. Floating or attached to plants or stones in quiet, fresh water. Vermont. Pond waters. East Charlotte. (Wolle). (Setchell). Rhode Island. (Thwaites). Warden's Pond. (Wood). North Providence. New (Bennett). New York. Reservoir Pond, West Point. (Wood). Jersey. On rocky shores of Morris Pond, Morris. (Wolle). Wisconsin. Minnesota. Artificial lake. Minneapolis. Fourth Lake, Madison. (Bailey). Montana. Everywhere in flowing water, growing August 1894. (Tilden). Washcaespitose on the rocks. July to October. (Anderson and Kelsey). Hawaii. ington. Fidalgo Island; Lake Washington, Seattle. (Gardner).

Cape Nome.

Forming

tiny bluish green tufts or cushions on rocks in mountain stream. Kaliawaa Stream, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

429.

Tolypothrix penicillata (Agardh) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. i: 380. 1875. Bornet and Thuret. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 123. 1887. De Toni. Syll.
Algar.
s:

549. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 252. pi. 183. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Wolle and Martinnaegelii Kg.). 11-13. 1887. (Scytonema f. dale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889.
Plate

XIV.

fig.

S.

Plant mass penicillate-caespitose, deep brown in color; filaments 12-17 mic. in diameter, 2 cm. in length, repeatedly branched; false branches erect at the base, flexuously curved, elongate; sheaths firm, membranaceous, at first colorless, afterwards becoming brownish; trichomes about 10 mic. in diameter, cylindrical; cells 4-12 mic. in length; heterocysts usually solitary, yellowish; cell contents blue-green.

Myxophyceae

233

New
low).
430.

Hampshire.

New

Jersey,

On submerged mosses. Mill On moist rocks. Closter and

Brook, Shelburne. (FarGodwinville. (Austin).

Tolypothrix byssoidea (Hassall) Kirchner in Engler and Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. I. la. 80. 1900. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 116. 1887. (Hassallia byssoidea
Hass.)

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 551. 1907.

I.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 68. pi. 9. f. 1872. (Sirosiphon s c y t o n e a t o i d es Wood). WoUe. Fresh-

Wood.

Water Algae U.
Wolle).

S.

266.

pi.

181.

f.

8-11.

1887.

(T.

truncicola

(Rab.)

Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony 1895. Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896. Collins, Holden and SetcheU. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 258. 1897. West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34:
Collins.
1 898- 1 900.

287.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

6.

Plant mass woolly, cushion-like, brownish or black; filaments lo-lS i mm. in length, irregularly branched; false branches short, erect, spreading; sheaths close, thin, orange or brown, fragile, tubular, continuous; trichomes 9-1 1 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells two or three times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts, basal, one or
mic. in diameter,

two;

cell

contents olive.

Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Among other algae. Cascade, MiddleConnecticut. Growing on rocks at the water's edge. sex Fells. (Collins). South Carolina. Growing on the Quinebaug River, Lisbon. (Setchell). West Indies. On limbs ofMyrica cerifera. February. (Ravenel). leaves. Wotten Waven, Dominica. (Elliott).

Forma
552.

saxicola Grunow. Bornet and Flahault.

1.

c.

117.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.

i: 195- 1903.

Filaments 14-18 mic. in diameter; sheaths often striated and corrugated; trichomes 12 mic. in diameter.
Alaska. Among mosses on dripping rocks. Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).

Amaknak

Island,

Bay

of

Forma

cylindrica Tilden.

American Algae. Cent. IV.

no.

398.

1900.

(Hassallia byssoidea cylindrica).

Trichomes 5-6 mic.
calary.
in diameter, cylindrical; heterocysts basal or inter-

Canada. On vertical rocks just above high tide. Baird Point, Strait of British CoJuan de Fuca, Minnesota Seaside Station, Vancouver Island, (Tilden). lumbia. August 1898.

Minnesota Algae
Tolypothrix ravenelii Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. pi. 180. f. 8-10. Club. 6: 285. 1879; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 265.
1887.

431.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Plate

5: 542. 1907.
fig.
7-

XIV.

Plant mass thin, more or less expanded, reddish brown; filaments 15-25 branches elongate; sheaths thin, false elongate, diameter, mic. in close, yellowish or dark-colored; trichomes often interrupted; cells equal heterocysts to or twice as short as their diameter; transverse walls distinct; basal or intercalary, usually single, oblong, yellowish; cell contents finely
granular, yellowish or reddish.
Florida.
432.

On

sandstone rock. Gainesville. December 1877. (Ravenel).

Tolypothrix setchellii Collins. Some Perforating and other Algae on Freshwater Shells. Erythea. 5: 96. pi. 4. 1897. Collins, Holden and De Toni. Syll. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 310. 1897.
Algar.
Setchell
5:

548. 1897.
Calif.

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

1903.

Pub. Bot.

i: 196.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

8.

Filaments 5-6 mic. in diameter, up to 7 dm. in length, scattered or arranged in parallel series and forming a layer, flexuous, occasionally thickened, repeatedly branched; false branches spreading; sheaths thick, gelatiJious, refractive, colorless or yellowish;

trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, con-

stricted at joints; cells equal to or longer than the diameter; heterocysts

disc-shaped;

cell

contents blue-green.

Alaska. "A dwarf species.'' On C h a r a. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (LawConnecticut. On shells. Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield County. son).

August
433.

1897. (Setchell

and Holden).

Tolypothrix limbata Thuret in Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 124. 1887.
5: 550. 1907.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae

196.

of

Northwestern America. Univ.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.
Plant

1903.

12-15 mic. in repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flexuously curved; sheaths refringent, colorless, lamellose, with the outer layers mucous; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells equal to or a little longer than the diameter; heterocysts one to two; cell contents dull blue-green.

mass floccose-caespitose, blue-green; filaments

diameter, 2-3

mm.

in

length,

Washington. Growing on the side of

a jar in the botanical laboratory.

University of Washington, Seattle. (Gardner).

434.

Tolypothrix rupestris Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 185. 1877; in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2573. 1879; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 265. pi. 180. f. 11-13. 1887.

Myxophyceae
Plate

"

235

XIV.

fig.

9.

Plant mass expanded, variously tinged with red, purple and black; filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter, loosely interwoven, much branched; sheaths wide, yellowish, or colorless; cells as long or twice as long as their diameter; heterocysts spherical or oblong, two or three in series; cell contents granular, dull blue-green.

Pennsylvania. On dripping, gelatinous, exposed rocks. Delaware Water Gap. July. (Wolle).
435.

Tolypothrix glacialis Dickie.

gar. 5: 556. 1907.

On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. De Toni. Syll. Al-

Plant mass caespitose, brown; filaments 15 mic. in diameter, rigid; sheaths somewhat lamellose; transverse walls indistinct.
Arctic Regions.
of Glacier Lake,

Forming a brownish crust on decayed N o Cape Baird. (300 feet), 81 30' N. (Dickie).

s t

c.

Edge

Genus

DESMONEMA

Berkeley and Thwaites. English Botany. 1849.

Plant mass caespitose, penicillate; filaments somewhat dichtomously

divided, straight; sheaths thin; trichomes

two or more within the sheath;

or in short series;

heterocysts basal; gonidia large, oval or wall of gonidium somewhat thick.

436.

elliptical, single

Desmonema

wrangelii (Agardh) Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Algar. s: 558. 1907.

Bornet

and Flahault. Revis. des

127.

VIL

5:

1887.

De

Toni. Syll.

Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 237. pi. 168. f. 3, 4. 1887. (C a 1 o t h r i x Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue w y n i i Hass.) of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. (Also C. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of radios a (Kg.) Kirchn.). Collins, Holden and New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895. Saunders. The Algae. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 108. 1895. SetchHarriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901. ell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot.
d
i 1 1

i: 196. 1903.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

10.

Plant mass 5-6 mm. in height, caespitose, formed of penicillate fascicles, gelatinous, dark green; filaments erect, somewhat flexuous, repeatedly subdichotomously branched; sheaths thin, continuous, colorless or yellowish;

trichomes 9-10 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints; cells three times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts one, two or none; cell contents
tlue-green.

Alaska. In a clear brook, emptying into Glacier Bay; in brook, Popof On stones in brooks or lakes, or even in pools on the tundra. St. Michael. (Setchell). Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Connecticut. Very abundant. Forming small tufts or extended Lawson).
Island. (Saunders).

236

Minnesota Algae

patches of a blackish green color on stones in the swiftest currents of

New Jersey. Swamps; Roaring Brook, Cheshire. May 1894. (Setchell). Maryland. Garrett County. (Wolle). Morris Pond, Morris. (Wolle).
Genus

DIPLOCOLON

Naegelii in Itzigsohn.
i.

Phykologische Studien. Part

160. 1857.

ed,

Plant mass gelatinous, terrestrial; colonies irregular in shape, constrictsomewhat club-shaped; filaments several, contorted within a common

tween two heterocysts, but rarely

tegument, branched; false branches solitary or in pairs, usually arising bein the immediate region of the heterocj'sts; trichomes single within the sheath.

437.

Diplocolon heppii Naegeli in Itzigsohn. Phykologische Studien. Nova Acta Acad. Leopold-Carolin. der Nat. 26: Part i. 160. pi. 11. (excl f. 8-12). 1857. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci, Nat. Bot. VII. s: 129. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Syll. Algar. 5: 561. 1907

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae.

II. Bull.

Torn

Water Algae. U.
1896.

S.

260.

pi.

195.

f.

1-9.

1887.

Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877; Fresh (S c y t o n e ma heppii

CNaeg.) Wolle). Setchell. Notes on

Cyanophyceae.

II.

Erythea. 4:

193.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

II.

Plant mass caespitose, grumous-gelatinous, brownish becoming black;

colonies club-shaped, gelatinous, irregularly dilated, up to
ness,
i

mm.

thick-

yellowish brown; common tegument lamellose, yellowish brown; filaments 20-28 mic. in diameter, repeatedly branched within the common tegument, flexuously curved and densely interwoven; trichomes constricted at joints; cells and heterocysts 6-10 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; cell contents blue-green.

New
Niagara

Falls.

York. Forming a blackish brown gelatinous stratum upon rocks. Florida. On old wood. March 1878. (Wolle). (Wolle).

Family IV.

STIGONEMACEAE

Filaments free, rarely laterally aggregated, scattered, frequently branched; sheaths thick, firm, often irregular; trichomes consisting of one or several rows of cells, with heterocysts; heterocysts often lateral, sometimes intercalary; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.
I
I

Sheaths

distinct,

definite.

Filaments free
(i)

Trichomes consisting of one row of

Branches of two kinds, the one
heterocysts terminal or lateral

cells

A
B

cylindrical, the other flagelliform;

Mastigocoleus

Branches

unilateral, usually tapering at the apex; heterocysts in-

tercalary

Hapalosiphon

Myxophyceae
C2)

237

A
B
2

Trichomes consisting of one to several rows of cells Branches unilateral, thin, finally forming hormogones
Fischerella

Branches scattered; hormogones formed branches or in special short branches

in

the apices

of

the

Stigonema

Filaments growing together forming a cushion-like mass Capsosira

Sheaths confluent into a gelatinous amorphous mass Nostochopsis

II

Genus
Filaments

MASTIGOCOLEUS
free, irregularly

Lagerheim. Notarisia.

i: 65. 1886.

branched; branches of two kinds, the one

cylindrical, the other flagelliform, tapering off into a hair-like apex; sheaths

continuous; trichomes, except in the branches, single within the sheath; heterocysts single, rarely in pairs, terminal or lateral, sometimes intercalary; gonidia unknown; reproduction by means of hormogones; cell contents
438.

homogeneous.
Mastigocoleus testarum Lagerheim. Note sur le Mastigocoleus, Nouveau Genre des Algues Marines de I'Ordre des Phycochromacees. Notarisia. i: 65. pl. i. 1886. Hornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Hot. VII. 5: 54- 1887. 'De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
564. 1907.

Collins. Algae.

Maine. 247. 1894.

no. 213. 1896.

Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.

Island,

Fasc.

Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 47. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine 1899. Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts II. RhoSci. 37: 241. 1901; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.
Setchell.

S-

dora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

12.

Filaments 6-10 mic. in diameter, variously curved; sheaths thin, colorless; trichomes 3.5-6 mic. in diameter; cells cylindrical or nearly so; heterocysts exceeding the diameter of the trichome, 6-18 mic. wide and long; cell contents greenish. Canada. In oyster shells. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull). Maine. Growing in the substance of dead shells. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts. In shells ofMya arenariaona sandy beach below low

Rhode Island. (Collins). water mark. Quisset. July 1893, 1895. (Setchell). CalConnecticut. In shells. Fresh Pond. August, September. (Holden). ifornia. In shells of the Eastern oyster. Near Bay Farm Island, Alameda West Indies. In old shells. Kingston, Jamaica. 1897. County. (Setchell).
(Humphrey). Jamaica. (Flahault).
Genus

HAPALOSIPHON

Naegeli in Kuetzing.

Spec. Algar. 894. 1849.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose, thin, aquatic; filaments

free,

not grow-

238

Minnesota Algae

of

ing together laterally, branched, consisting of a single row of cells, rarely twQ rows, enclosed within a sheath; branches erect, usually about the same thickness as the creeping primary filament, commonly unilateral, long, flexuous, very slightly tapering; sheaths continuous, strong, of uniform

thickness; sheaths of the branches thinner than those of primary filaments, usually colorless; heterocysts intercalary; wall of gonidium thick, yellowish

brown.
I
1

Plants living in fresh water.

Filaments decumbent, branched on all sides; branches 6-8 mic. diameter; cells elliptical depressed H. ilexuosus

in

Plant mass caespitose, orange brown; primary filaments 11.5-12.5 mic. in diameter; trichomes 7.5-8 mic. in diameter H. aureus Plant mass floccose, caespitose, dull blue-green; primary filaments H. fontinalis 21-24 mic. in diameter
Plants living in hot water

II
1

Plant mass cushion-like, irregular or expanded, blue-green; primary filaments 3-6 mic. in diameter H. laminosus

Plant mass widely expanded, bright blue-green; trichomes 3-1 1 mic. in diameter H. major
Plants living on bark of trees

III
1

Plant mass caespitose, small, blue-green; filaments 4-7 mic.

ter

in

diame-

H. intricatus
in

Filaments 7-10 mic.

diameter; trichomes 7-9.S mic. in diameter H. arboreus

439.

Hapalosiphon flexuosus Borzi. Alghe d'Acqua Dolce della Papuasia.

La Nuova Notarisia. 43. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 570. 1907. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Tourn. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 272. 1895.

Filaments decumbent, branched on all sides, consisting of a single row of cells; branches 6-8 mic. in diameter, about equally thick in all parts, flexuously interwoven; sheaths thin, smooth; cells elliptical depressed;
heterocysts similar to vegetative cells in form and
size.

West
cember
440.

Indies. In stream.

Grande Soufriere, Dominica. November, De-

1892. (Elliott).

Hapalosiphon aureus West and West. water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 241. 1897.
1907.

Welwitsch's African Fresh-

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 571.

West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot.

42: 291. 1904.

Plant mass caespitose, densely interwoven, orange brown, growing among other algae; primary filaments 11. 5-12.5 mic. in diameter, tortuous and interwoven, formed of a single series of cells; sheaths firm, tenacious, thick, orange brown, transparent, finally becoming punctulate; trichomes 7.5-8 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or spherical, shorter than the diameter and somewhat ellipsoid, or oblong and seven or eight times as long as broad; branches 6.5-9.5 mic. in diameter, frequently unilateral,

Myxophyceae
single or in pairs, long

239

and flexuous, more slender than the primary filament, sometimes branched; sheaths thick and usually colorless; cells of the branches variable, 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, similar to those in the primary filament, often indistinct; heterocysts up to 6 mic. in diameter, 7-21 mic. in length, rectangular, oblong, intercalary; gonidia not known; cell con-

tents finely granular, pale blue-green.

West
441.

Indies.

Bay

Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

Hapalosiphon fontinalis (Agardh) Bornet. Les Nostocacees Heterocystees du Systema Algarum de C. A. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymic actuelle (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: 13. 1889. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 61.
1887.

(H.

pumilus

Kirchn.).

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 568.

1907.

De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 7. 1878. (H. braunii Naeg.). WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 39. 1881. (H.
Nordstedt.

brebissonii Kg.) Fresh-Water Algae U. 23. 1887. (H. braunii Kg., H. fucescens
;

S. 275, 277. pi. 196,

f.

2-4, 22,

Kg.).

Harvey. The Fresh-

Bennett. Water Algae of Maine.I. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15. 161. 1888. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

J. 2:

606. 1889.
1893.

Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae

collected in

Minnesota during

Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 30. 1894. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. i8g6; The Algae of Jamaica. Saunders. The Algae. HarriProc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Setchell man Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i:
196.

1903.

Lemmermann.

1905.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. i. no. 627. 1909.

Plate

XIV.

fig.

13.

Plant mass floccose, caespitose, dull blue-green, 3 mm. in height; prifilaments 21-24 mic. in diameter, creeping, interwoven, densely branched on the upper side, containing a single row of cells, rarely two or three, somewhat equal in diameter; sheaths somewhat thick, septate; secondary filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, long, simple; sheaths continuous; trichomes consisting of a row of single, cylindrical cells; heterocysts inter-

mary

calary; hortnogones 6 mic. in diameter, 100-300 mic. in length,

made up

of

from 14-S0

cells.

Alaska. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. (Saunders). Massachusetts. Maine. Old well. College Farm, near Orono. (Harvey). On the under side of N u p h a r leaves. Spot Pond and Shiner Pool, MiddleNew Rhode Island. Spectacle Pond. (Bennett). sex Fells. (Collins).
Jersey.

On submerged plants in ponds. Dennisville, Atsion, Hammonton. Minnesota. Lake Kilpatrick. June 1893. (Tilden). On perpen(Wolle). dicular rocks in stone quarry. Near campus. University of Minnesota, MinWest Indies. On rock. "Wag neapolis. September 1904. (Lippold).

240

Minnesota Algae

Hawaii. Adhering Water," Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). to leaves, in stagnant water. Mauna Kea, Hawaii. (Berggren).
no. 212. 1896.

J.

Var. tenuissimus (Grunow) Collins and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 570. 1907.

tenuissimus

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 39. 1881. (H. Grun.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 277. pi. 196. f. 20, 21. Bennett. 1. c. 114. Wolle and Martindale. 1. c. 606. 1887.
Plant mass floccose; filaments irregularly branched in a squarrose man-

ner; branches spreading; sheaths very close, colorless, transparent; trichomes 3-4.2 mic. in diameter, often interrupted, variously curved, with indistinct, transverse walls; nearly equal in

length to the diameter.

Pond, Medford. September 1890. (Collins). Rhode Island. Blackamore Pond. (Bennett). Connecticut. Attached to under side of N u p h a r leaves. Mill Pond, Lantern Hill, Ledyard. SeptemSpot
ber 1892. (Setchell). New Jersey. (Wolle). Florida. (Wolle). Minnesota. (Wolle).
442.

Massachusetts.

Pennsylvania. (Wolle).

^
i

Hapalosiphon laminosus (Kuetzing) Hansgirg. Ueber den Polymorphismus der Algen. Bot. Centralblatt. 22: 48. 1885. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 55. 1887. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 565. 1907.
Setchell.

Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 47. 1899. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 858. 1901. The Upper Temperature Limits of Life. Science. 17: 395. 1903.
Plate

Collins. Setchell.

XIV.

fig. 14, IS-

Plant mass
ly

irregular or expanded, carneous-spongiose or compact, part-

hardened with calcium carbonate, blue-green; filaments interwoven, showing great variety of form; mature filaments 6 mic. in diameter, with

distinct sheath, often constricted at joints, containing a single

row

of

cells,

rarely
drical,

two rows, the composed

being spherical depressed, barrel-shaped or cylinbranched; branches unilateral, erect, more slender than the primary
cells

filament,

of long, cylindrical cells;

young

filaments similar to

those of

Anabaena,

either with or without sheaths,

crowded, with a

somewhat

parallel arrangement, torulose in middle portion, tapering at the

ends, sometimes simple, sometimes branched; branches single or in pairs, abruptly bent, with long, narrow cells; heterocysts intercalary, often wider

than the vegetative

cells,

spherical or oblong.
tufts, waving in Arrowhead Hot Springs,

California. In long, dark, emerald green, penicillate

stream of hot water (temperature 49-50 C). near San Bernadino. April 1898. (Setchell).
a

"Within the

member
viz.,

Note.

Hapalosiphon laminosu s." Setchell. H. major grows luxuriantly in water of

strictly thermal limits (waters over 43-4S C), only one of the higher and heterocysted Cyanophyceae has been noted,

a temperature of 54

C, and even higher.

443.

Hapalosiphon major Tilden. American Algae. Century

II.

no.

167.

Myxophyceae
1896; Observations

241

on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot.

io-<3. 1898.

Gaz. 25: 97.

pi. 9.

f.

De
fig.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 565. 1907.

Plate

XV.

1-4.

Plant mass widely expanded, bright blue-green in color; filaments branched; branches single or in pairs, sometimes abruptly bent; trichomes 3-6 mic. in diameter, sometimes cylindrical with indistinct transverse walls, sometimes consisting of very long cells or short somewhat quadrate cells or even spherical cells, the latter up to 11 mic. in diameter; heterocysts 8 mic. in diameter, 8-16 mic. in length, intercalary, oblong, barrel-shaped.

Wyoming. Completely coating bed of very swift mountain rivulet, at vent of hot spring. Temperature of spring 61 C. The growth of the plant begins here and disappears at a distance of fifty-five feet from spring where the temperature is 51 C. The most luxuriant growth is thirty-five feet from the spring at a temperature of 54 C. On a mountain near Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden). Oregon. In hot spring. Temperature 55 C. Cascade Mountains, lat. 45 20'. 1895. (Lloyd).
of H. major are nearly twice the diameter of H. Hansg. An important character of the latter plant is its habit of forming crystals of lime, according to Cohn who studied the plant at Carlsbad. The Yellowstone species occurred in silicious waters only, at least it was not discovered at Mammoth Hot Springs, where the

"The filaments
i

n o

waters contain calcium carbonate."

Tilden.

444.

Hapalosiphon intricatus West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: -271. 1895; A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies.
1.

c.

34: 286. 1899.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

571.

1907.

Plate

XV.

fig.

S.

Plant mass caespitose, small, blue-green; filaments 4-7 mic. in diameter, densely interwoven and variable, sparingly branched, containing a single row of cells; branches single, unilateral, flexuous, similar to the primary filament, with or without a sheath; mature sheaths close, usually distinct; cells variable, up to three times longer than their diameter, often equal and somewhat rotund, or elongate; heterocysts 3.8-5.5 mic. in diameter, one to three times longer than diameter, somewhat quadrate or oblong, scattered.

West
b
r

Indies.
trees,

In

little

intricate tufts

among

the leaves of

Leuc

o-

y u m, on

ber,

summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet), Dominica. NovemDecember 1892; in stream, Wotten Waven, Dominica, January, Feb-

ruary 1896. (Elliott).

445.

Hapalosiphon arboreus West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 272. 1895. De
Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:

572. 1907.

242
Plate
7-10 mic.

Minnesota Algae
XV.
in
fig. 6,
7.

flexuous, here and there Primary filaments branched on one side, formed from a single row of cells; sheaths close, thin, colorless; branches short, resembling the primary filaments, but more

diameter,

in

slender; cells 7-9.5 mic. in diameter, 7-19 mic. in length; heterocysts 6-9 mic. diameter, 9-1 1 mic. in length, quadrate or oblong, intercalary.

West

Indies.

On

trees.

Summit

of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet), Dominica.

November, December
Genus

1892. (Elliott).

FISCHERELLA

(Bornet and Flahault) Gomont.

i.

Journ. de Bot.

1895.

Plant mass forming a continuous, more or less expanded layer, tertwo kinds; primary filaments creeping, containing one or two rows of cells, unilaterally very much branched; branches or secondary filaments erect, elongate, more slender than the primary, containing very long hormogones within the sheath.
restrial; filaments of
I

Plants living in moist places; primary filaments 6-9 mic. in diameter

F.

ambigua

II

Plants living in moist places or in hot water; primary filaments 10-13 F. thermalis mic. in diameter
Fischerella ambigua (Naegeli)

446.

Gomont. Note sur le Scytonema ambiguum Kuetz. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 9: 49. pi. 3. 1895. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. S: 100. 1887.

(Scytonema ambiguum
576. 1907.

Kg.).

De
f.

Toni.

Syll.

Algar.

5:

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U.

S. 262. pi.

189.

2.

1887.

(Symphyo-

Algae of Middlesex County. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West 13. 1888. Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 270. 1895; A Further Contribution to Setchell the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. 1. c. 34: 286. 1899. and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. CSlif. Pub. Bot. i:
Naeg.).
Collins.
196.

siphon ambiguum

1903.

Lemmerman.

Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625.

1905.

Plate

XV.

fig.

8,

g.

Plant mass crustaceous, orbicular, up to i mm. becoming black; filaments 6-9 mic. in diameter, very
colorless, finally

in thickness,

brown

slender, densely co-

alesced in vertical fascicles; false branches aggregated; sheaths gelatinous,

at the apices; cells

becoming brownish; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, thicker and heterocysts elongate; hormogones very long; cell

contents pale greenish or yellowish brown.

United States. Frequently intermingled with larger algae, on moist wet earth, etc. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Mexico. (Lenormand). West Indies. On trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet). November, December 1892; on the ground, mostly in old "Diablotia" holes, Morne Anglais (2,300 feet), July 1892; on banks near
rocks,

Myxophyceae
summit. Couliabon (3,700 feet), Dominica, January, February Hawaii. (Berggren).
1896.-

243
(El-

liott).

In speaking ofTolypothrix byssoidea cylindrica Tilden, Dr. Setchell states that "although the basal stratum and fasciculi of branchlets are not well developed, yet the branches seem to indicate this species
(F.

ambigua)

rather than the one to which Miss Tilden has referred

is

it."

Further investigation

needed to

settle this point.

447.

Fischerella thermalis (Schabe) Gomont. Note sur

le

Scytonema am-

biguum Kuetz. Morot. Journ. de

Bot. 9: 52. 1895. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 66. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 574. 1907.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae

Am.

Bor. Exsicc. no. 223.

1877.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (F i s c h e r a thermalis americana Farlow). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 5. no. 211. 1896. Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905. (Stigonema thermale (Schabe)
Borzi).

(Scytonema thermale

Borzi).

Plate

XV.

fig. 10, II.

Plant mass
blackish
olive

.5

m^m.

in

thickness,

cushion-shaped, woolly,
10-13

expanded,
diameter,

or blue-green;

primary filaments

mic.

in

the upper side; cells somewhat spherical, surrounded by a close, colorless or yellowish sheath; branches 7-9 mic. in diameter, erect, cylindrical, or sometimes inflated and torulose; cells somewhat quadrate, separated; hormogones of three to six cells, showing vacuolar cell contents; sheaths close,

creeping, interwoven, constricted at joints, very

much branched on

continuous; heterocysts intercalary and

lateral.

stone in damp woods. Shelburne, Lake WilloughHawaii. In hot water. by; on granite rocks near Shelburne. (Farlow). Crater of Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

New

Hampshire.

On

Var. mucosa
S7S.

Lemmermann.

1.

c.

626. pi.

8.

f.

16-18. 1905.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Plate

XV.

fig.

12.

joints,

Filaments 14-21 mic. in diameter, slightly or not at all constricted at almost regularly dichotomously branched; sheaths wide, transparent, mucous, trichomes constricted at the joints; cells quadrate, cyHndrical or disc-shaped; apical cell hemispherical, with less granular contents; heterocysts not known; hormogones consisting of four to six cells, filled with vacuoles, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath; protoplasmic contents (in preserved material) spindle-shaped or spherical, in contact with that of adjoining cells by means of protoplasmic threads passing through the
transverse walls.

Hawaii. In hot water. Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

244
Genus

Minnesota Algae

STIGONEMA

Agardh. Syst. Algar.

20.

1824.

brown, or Plants terrestrial or aquatic; plant mass rigid, cushion-like and soft; filaments free, rarely laterally aggregated, scattered; (richomes, in the larger filaments, consisting of two or several rows of cells; heterocysts often lateral, here and there intercalary, hormogones
blackish

developed
I

in the apices of vegetative

branches or in short special branches.

Trichomes
of cells
1

in the

mature filaments consisting usually of a single row

Filaments 7-15 mic. in diameter; sheaths usually colorless

S.

hormoides

Filaments 25 mic. in diameter;

length

cells

14 mic. in diameter, 6-8 mic. in

S.

aerugineum

Filaments 24-26 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, lamellose S. panniforme Filaments 14-38 mic. in diameter; sheaths yellowish brown
S.

tomentosum

Filaments 24-45 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless S. ocellatum or yellowish brown

II

Trichomes rows of
1

in the cells

mature filaments consisting usually of two or several

Filaments up to 35 mic. in diameter

(i)

Filaments 18-28 mic. in diameter; special darker colored envelope

cells

often
S.

surrounded by a

minutum

(2)

Filaments 27-37 ic- in diameter; cells throughout the entire S, turfaceum length of the filament uniformly divided

Filaments 40-90 mic. in diameter

(i)

Hormogones

45 mic. in length, terminal, solitary or in series

S.

informe

(2)

Plants rigid; hormogones 45 mic. in length, lateral

S.

mamillosum
brandegeei

Species not well understood

S.

448.

Stigonema hormoides (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 68. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: S77- 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae -from

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 272. 1895.
Hills,

the

West

Indies.

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue

Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of Collins, Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 259. 1897. West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. 1. III. Erythea. 7: c. 34: 286. 1899. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. 47. 1899.
Middlesex
Fells,

the Metropolitan

Plant mass

thin,

somewhat woolly, brownish black; filaments

7-IS

Myxophyceae

245

mic. in diameter, 3 decimill. long, decumbent, slender, densely interwoven, irregularly and sparingly branched; branches erect, flexuous, somewhat toru-

equal in diameter to the primary filament; sheaths thick, colorless somewhat spherical, loosely arranged in a single row, rarely in two rows; heterocysts scattered; cell contents pale blue-green.
lose,

or yellowish; cells

New

Hampshire. One of the species composing the brown coating on

the wall of the "Flume." (Collins).

Massachusetts. In gelatinous masses, Fells. A^ril 1896. (Collins). West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet) on rocks, Roseau Valley (1,000-2,000 feet), June 1892; abundant on banks, Morne Micotrin; on roadside and on bank near Roseau Lake (2,700 feet) on rocks, Castle Bruce River (2,000-3,000 feet), Dominica, January, February 1896. (Elliott).

on dripping rocks. Cascade, Middlesex

Var. tenue
1.

West and West.

1.

c.

30: 273. pi. 15.

f.

4-8. 1895.

De

Toni.

c.

578.

Plate

XV.

fig.

13.

Filaments more slender, 5.5-7 mic. in diameter.

West
Bohmen.

Indies.

With

the typical form but

much more abundant.

(Elliott).

Var. rhizodes

(Kuetzing)

Hansgirg.
1.

Prodromus der Algenflora von

2: 25. 1892.

De

Toni.

c.

578.

Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U.

S. 274. 1887.

Plant mass brownish black; filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter; branches unilateral, slightly tapering or thickened at the apices.

Vermont.
449.

On

moist rocks. Charlotte. (Wolle).

n. sp.

Stigonema aerugineum

Plate

XV.

fig.

14.

Plant mass forming a brown, membranous layer; filaments 25 mic. in diameter, rounded at apices, rare, mixed with other algae; branches short, straight, spreading; sheaths thick, homogeneous, colorless; cells 14 mic.
in diameter, 6-8 mic. in length, oval or

depressed globose, crowded, usually

in diameter,

forming a single row; heterocysts 8 mic.

cell

somewhat

spherical;

contents bright blue-green.

Hawaii. Covering bottom of pool.

Hilo, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).
450.

On Puna

Road, thirteen miles from

Stigonema panniforme (Agardh) Kirchner. Algen KryptogamenFlora von Schlesien. 230. 1878. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VH. 5: 71. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 580. 1907-

Wood.
1872.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.

73. pi. g.

f.

3.

(Sirosiphon argillaceus Wood).

f.

gae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 185.

1)1.

Wolle. Fresh Water Al1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 273.

193.

12,

13.

1887.

Bennett. Plants of
Breb.).

Rhode

Island.

114.

1888.

(Sirosiphon pulvinatus
605. i88g.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: Hauck and Richter. Phykotheka Universalis. Fasc. 4. no. 645.

3889.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from

the

West

Indies.

246
Journ.

Minnesota Algae
Linn.
Soc.

Bot. 30: 273.

1895.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 61. 1893. Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896; PhycologII. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. ical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.

expanded, olive-black; filaments 24-36 mic. in Plant mass diameter, up to I mm. in length, decumbent, flexuous, intricate, tapering at the apices, irregularly branched; branches erect, agglutinated laterally in fascicles, as thick as the primary filament; sheaths thick, yellowish or yellowish-brown, roughened on the surface; cells short, separated, usually in one series; heterocysts scattered; hormogones terminal, 20 mic. in diameter, about 100 mic. in length.
caespitose,

Maine. Growing on rocks and moss just above high water mark, but wet by spray in rough weather. Cape Rosier. July 1894. (Collins). New Hampshire. In crevices of rocks. Shelburne. August 1894. (Farlow). Massachusetts. Wet rock. Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island. Connecticut. On vertical faces of trap rocks. Pocasset Brook. (Bennett). Sargent's River, Woodbridge. November 1891. (Setchell). On moist rocks. Sage's Ravine, below first falls, Salisbury. October. (Holden). New Jersey. Frequent, on moist rocks. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Wet mountain cliff. Pike County. (Wolle). South Carolina. On a moist clay bank near Aiken. August 1869. (Ravenel). West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet); on rocks, Roseau Valley (1,000-2,000 feet), Dominica.
(Elliott).
451.

Stigonema
189S.

tomentosum (Kuetzing) Hieronymus. Bemerkungen ueber einige Arten der Gattung Stigonema Ag. Hedwigia. 34: 166.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

581. 1907.
191.
f.

Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U.

S. 269. pi.

1-20; pi. 19S.

f.

16. 1887.

(Sirosiphon pulvinatus alpinus

Plant mass compact, woolly, up to 2

(Kg.) Wolle).
in height, often cracked, crus-

mm.

taceous, brownish black; filaments 14-38 mic. in diameter; primary filaments

decumbent, giving

off

numerous elongate,

erect, flexuous

branches; branches

often densely agglutinated into fascicles; sheaths yellowish or brownish; trichomes for the most part consisting of a single row of cells rarely of

two rows; cells of the older filamefits somewhat quadrate or spherical, rarely somewhat cylindrical, each surrounded by a special, deeper colored envelope; cells of the younger filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, often comlateral or oftener intercalary,

pressed, wider than long, with blue-green contents; heterocysts not rare, somewhat quadrate or spherical, oftener compressed, wider than long, yellowish;

hormogones lo mic.

in diameter, 40-100

mic. in length.

West
452.

Virginia.

Wet

rocks. Black

Water Creek. (Wolle).

Stigonema ocellatum (Dillwyn) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees, 380. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. s: 69. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 578. 1907.

Maze and Schramm.

Essai

Class.

Algues Guadeloupe.

36.

1870-1877.

(Sirosiphon pluviale

Crouan).

Wood.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water

Myxophyceae
Algae North America.
f.

247
2, 3. 1872. (Sirosiphon pellu69, 71. pi. 8. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. neglectus Wood). Club. 6: 185. 1877. (Sirosiphon crameri Brtigg).

cidulus Wood,
Nordstedt.

S.

III. Bull. Torr. Bot.

bus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis.

Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis SandvicensiWolle. Fresh Water Algae. 7. 1878. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 285. 1879. (Sirosiphon ocellatus Kg.) Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. ApWittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. palachfa. 3: 236. 1883.

De

no. 668. 1883.

1887.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 272. pi. 194. f. i-3. 11-16. Wolle and MartinBennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. dale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. N. J. 2: 60s. 1889. III. Erythea. 7: Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. 10. no. 455. 1898. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. 48. 1899.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of NorthSci. 3: 399. 1901. Collins. Algae of western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 196. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inthe Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. seln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905. Tilden. Notes on a collection of Algae Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1309. igo6.

Wash. Acad.

from Guatemala. Proc.

Cent. VII. Fasc.
i.

Biol.

Soc.

Wash.

21:

155.

1908;

American Algae.

no. 626. 1909.

Plate

XV.

fig.

15-17.

Plant mass caespitose or cushion-like, woolly, brownish; filaments 3-8 long, erect, decumbent at the base, irregularly branched; branches scarcely more slender than the primary filaments, 35-45 mic. in diameter, elongate, straight, spreading, all bearing hormogones; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless or yellowish brown; trichomes consisting of one, rarely two rows of cells; cells 20-30 mic. in diameter, of various sizes, often wider than long, each surrounded by a special, darker colored envelope; heterocysts rare, lateral; hormogones 15 mic. in diameter, 50-65 mic. in

mm.

length.

in a quiet freshwater pool. Prince

rocks in a rapid stream emptying into Glacier Bay; floating William Sound, June 1899. (Saunders). New Hampshire. Common on the wet rocks of the Flume and Berlin Falls. (Farlow). One of the species composing the brown coating on wall of Flume. September 1904; among decaying vegetation on bottom of lake. Massachusetts. Attached to Lake Chocorua. September 1906. (Collins).
Alaska.

On

Rhode freshwater swamp. Falmouth. August 1897. (Moore). New York. Forming, with minute Quidnessett. (Bennett). mosses, a blackish, turfy coating to a steep slope of bare rock (s,ooo feet), over portions of which water is continually dripping. Near top of Mount New Jersey. Forming, with Tahawus, Adirondack Mountains. (Wood). various other species of algae, a gelatinous blue-green or brown stratum; in
Sedges
in

Island.

on submerged sticks in swampy places, "in dark about one-half inch in length"; Bamber Lake, 1883. Florida. In a marsh pool. Near Hibernia. (Canby). Central (Wolle). America. Growing on edges of steam-holes on side of Volcano Santa West Indies. On Maria, near Lake Atitlan. February 1906. (Kellerman).
a very stagnant pool;

brown waving

tufts,

248
rocks. Castle Bruce River
T896. (Elliott).

Minnesota Algae
(2,000-3,000 feet),

Hawaii. In stagnant water.

Dominica. January, February Mauna Kea, Hawaii. (Berg-

gren,
453.

Lemmermann).
Stigonema minutum (Agardh) Hassall. History of the British Freshwater Algae. 1 230. pi. 67. f. 3, 4. 1845. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VH. 5: 72. 1887. De Toni. Syll.
:

Algar. s: 582. 1907.

Study of the Freshwater Algae of Eastern Fresh-Water Algae North America. 72, 74. pi. 9. f. 2. 1872. (Sirosiphon acervatus Wood, S. 1 i g n c oWoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 273. pi. 193. f. i-ii. 1887. la Wood). West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 273. 189S; A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. 1. c. 34: 286. 1899. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 15. no. 713. 1900. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Exped. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i 197. 1903. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Lemmermann. Alof a

Wood. Prodromus

North America.

133. 1869; Contr. Hist.

genfi.

Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905.

Plate

XV.

fig.

18, 19.

Plant mass crustaceous or cushion-like, thin, fragile, blackish; filaments 18-28 mic. in diameter, about i mm. in length, decumbent at the base, as-

sometimes long, similar sometimes very short, bearing hormogones, often very much crowded on one side; sheaths yellowish or yellowish brown, lamellose, the special envelope surrounding each cell frequently of a deepflexuously
to the primary filaments, er color; trichomes in the basal portion of the filament usually consisting

cending,

curved, branched, branches

of one
of

row

of cells, those in the middle

rnic. in

two

to four rows; heterocysts numerous, lateral or intercalary;

and upper portions often composed hormoin length.

gones 12-15
c e n

diameter 25-35

mic

Alaska. Forming a thin brown coating with

s,

Chroococcus
level.

rufes-

on damp rocks, several hundred

feet

above sea

Prince William

Greenland. (Borgesen). New Hampshire. One of brown coating on wall of the Flume. September Massachusetts. On wet clifif. Cascade, Melrose. April 1904. (Collins). Connecticut. On submerged rocks in Plantain Pond, 1900. (Collins). Salisbury. October. (Holden). South Carolina. On old boards. April; on boards over which spring water was constantly running, August; growing on bark of Ilex opaca; on old wood and on trunks of trees. (Ravenel); West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp's River, St. Vincent; on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet); on lime-trees, Shanford Estate; in stream, Wotten Waven, Dominica. (Elliott). Hawaii. On gravelly volcanic soil. Hilo, Hawaii. (Berggren, Schauinsland).

Sound. (Trelease).

the species composing the

Var. saxicola (Naegelii)

c.

Bornet and Flahault.

1.

c.

73.

De

Toni.

1.

584.

Myxophyceae
Nordstedt.

249

De

Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicen-

sibus a Sv. Berggren 187S reportatis. 7. 1878. (Sirosiphon saxicola Naeg.). Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3
:

236. 1883.

Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc.

Exsicc. no. 669. 1884.

Plant mass usually thin, crustaceous; filaments 15-21 raic. in diameter; aheaths brown or brownish yellow; cells usually compressed, spherical in the primary filaments, short and often dense in the branches, in the apex truncate and forming a single row.

New
Top
Hawaii.
454.

Hampshire.

On

exposed rocks
soil.

and on

Stereocaulon.

of Cabot Mountain, Shelburne. (Farlow).

On

gravelly volcanic

Pennsylvania. (Wolle). Hilo, Hawaii. (Berggren)

Stigonema turfaceum (Berkeley) Cooke. British Fresh-Water Algae 272. pi. III. f. 2. 1882-1884. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 74. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 584.
1907.

Wood.

Contr.

Hist.

(Sirosiphon pulvinatus

Fresh-Water Algae North America. 75. 1872. West. The Freshwater Algae Breb.).
Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus
4.

of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 27:207. 1889. Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 7: Heft. 42.

dem

1897.
20.

Plate

XV.

fig.

Plant mass cushion-like,, deep olivaceous black; filaments 27-37 niic. up to i mm. in length, decumbent at the base, ascending, variously curved, much branched; branches resembling the primary filament, erect, bearing hormogones at the apex; sheaths thick, lamellose, yellowish brown; trichomes consisting of from two to four rows of cells; heterocysts collateral; hormogones 12 mic. in diameter, 45 mic. in length. Greenland. East coast. Summers of 1892 and 1893. (Vanhoflfen). Maine. (West). New Jersey. Growing on exposed face of rocks. (AusPennsylvania. On rocks. Near Philadelphia. (Wood). tin).
in diameter,

Var. parvus
75. pi. 10.
f.

I.

1872.

Wood. De

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.

Toni.

1.

c.

585.

Filaments closely interwoven into a deep olive black, turfy mass, very thick, irregularly and frequently branched, yellowish brown; branches polymorphous, their apices usually obtusely rounded, containing from one to four rows of cells; sheaths thick, light yellowish brown, sometimes colorless; trichomes consisting usually of several row of cells, cell contents granular, usually deep brown, sometimes light green.
Pennsylvania. On the face of dripping rocks along the Wissahickon Creek, near Philadelphia. (Hunt).
455.

Stigonema informe Kuetzing. Spec. Algar.

5: 585. 1907.

319.

1849.

Bornet

and

Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. VII. 5: 75. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Wood.
3872.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.

73. pi. 8.

f.

4.

(Sirosiphon guttula Wood).

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

III.

250
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.

Minnesota Algae

(Sirosiphon coralloides

Kg.,

S.^

Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 270. pi. 191. f. 21; pi. 192. f. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants 9-12. 1887. West and West. On found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30. I. Erythea. 4: 88. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. 1896; 273. 1895. Notes on Cyanophyceae. II. Erythea. 4: 191. 1896.

lacu'stris Rab.)

Plate

XV.

fig.

21.

Plant mass expanded, caespitose or crustaceous, somewhat mucous, brownish or black; filaments 40-70 mic. in diameter, 1-2 mm. in length, erect from a decumbent base, irregularly branched; branches 45 mic. in diameter, straight or bent, branched on upper side, all bearing hormogones; sheaths thick, lamellose, yellowish brown; cells 15-18 mic. in diameter; heterocysts numerous, collateral; hormogones 18 mic. in diameter, 45 mic. in length,
solitary or in series.

Vermont. Wet rocks. Mt. Mansfield. (Wolle). Connecticut. In small Long Pond, Lantern Hill, Ledyard. (Setchell). New Jersey. On stones constantly washed by the waves, along the rocky shores of Green Pond, Morris. (Wolle). On dry rocks and on moist rocks. (Austin.) South Carolina. Growing on the bark ofTaxodiumdistichum. Aiken.
quantity in

(Ravenel).

West

Indies.

On

trees.

Summit

of Trois Pitons (4500 feet).

Dominica. (Elliott).
456.

Stigonema mamillosuni (Lyngbye) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 42. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
S: ^^. 1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5; 587. 1907.

North America. ^^. 1872. Farlow. Marine Algae New England. 40. 1882; Notes on the Cryptogamic Collins. Algae. Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894; Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phy. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 356. 1897. 1896. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 237, 243. 1905.
Contr.
Hist.

Wood.

Fresh-Water Algae

Plate

XV.

fig.

22.

Plant mass cushion-like, woolly, up to 12 mm. in thickness; filaments up to 65 mic. in diameter, erect, rigid, interwoven, very much branched at
the base; branches 45-50 mic. in diameter, gradually tapering at the ends, erect, spreading, with numerous branchlets; some branchlets sterile, long
thick, others bearing hormogones, mammilliform, short, spreading, shorter than the diameter of the branch, 24 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, lamellose, often torulose, yellowish brown; hormogones short, 15 mic. in diameter, 45-50 mic. in length; heterocysts collateral.

and

Newfoundland.
Lake, near

St. John's.

Hadlock Lower

stones in a pond at the foot of Windsor July 1897. (Holden). Maine. On rocks in outlet of Pond. (Holden). New Hampshire. On submerged stones

On submerged

Myxophyceae
in the

25

Androscoggin River, Shelburne. (Farlow). On rocks just outside the Flume. (Collins). Massachusetts. In a brook which empties into the sea at Rafe's Chasm, Magnolia Cove, in Gloucester. (Farlow). On pebbles at margin of Spot Pond, Cascade, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Connecticut. On damp rocks in Mill River, near Samp Mortar Rock; on stones in PequonNew York. Round Pond, near West Point. nock River. July. (Holden).
(Bailey).
457.

Sirosiphon brandegeei Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. f. 17-27. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 590. 1907.

S. 274.

pi.

194.

Filaments 12-20 mic. in diameter, with somewhat pointed apices, reddish

brown;

cells in one,

two or three rows.

Colorado.

On

"'shores" of a soda spring.

Cannon City (Brandegee).

Genus

CAPSOSIRA

Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 344. 1849.

Plant mass hemispherical, cushion-like, attached by lower surface, formed of filaments growing together laterally, aquatic; filaments erect, branched, composed of a single row of cells; sheaths septate; heterocysts intercalary and lateral; hormogones composed of from 10-20 cells; gonidia spherical; wall of gonidium thick, brownish.
458.

Capsosira brebissonii Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 344. 1849. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 79- 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 592. 1907.
SetchWolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. 427. 1895.

ell.

22:

no. 1257. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. I. Plant mass crustaceous-confluent or hemispherical, 1-3 mm. thick, gelatinous, hard, blackish green, within showing concentric zones of green and yellowish tints; filaments 7.5 mic. in diameter, straight, densely crowded, irregularly branched, torulose; branches appressed, close, upright, fastigiate; sheaths thick, gelatinous, not lamellose, colorless or yellowish; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose, distant; heterocysts lateral.

New
low).

Hampshire.
Connecticut.
at

On

shells. Lake Chocorua. September 1904. (FarGrowing on a large rock on the eastern side of

Round Pond

Lantern

Hill,

near Mystic. (Setchell).

Genus

NOSTOCHOPSIS Wood.

Prodr. Fresh-Water Alg. N. A. 126. 1869.

of a single

Plant mass or colony gelatinous, definite, aquatic; trichomes formed row of cells, branched; heterocysts intercalary and lateral, pedi-

cellate or sessile.

459.

Nostochopsis lobatus Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the FreshWater Algae of Eastern North America. 127. 1869; Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 45. pi. 3. f. 6. 1872. Bornet

252
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
1887.
Sci.

Minnesota Algae
Nat. Bot. VII. 5:
80.

be

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 592. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 225. 1883. ColHolden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. no. 1895. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 427. 1895. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.
lins,

Plate

XVI.

fig.

2.

Colony vesicular, lobed, up to 2 cm.

in diameter, hollow, blue-green

or yellowish green; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, I ed from the base, loose, elongate, fiexuous, often

mm.

in length,

branch-

constricted at joints;

branches unilateral,

fastigiate, cylindrical
cells

somewhat club-shaped;

below, torulose in upper portions, up to twice as long as wide; heterocysts

lateral, exserted, or intercalary.

Vermont. Forming expansions of several inches in water courses. FerConnecticut. Forming irregular, firmly (Faxon and Hosford). gelatinous balls growing upon stones in more or less rapid water in a brook just west of the "head" of the mountain. Mt. Carmel, about seven miles north of New Haven. September 1893 and 1895. (Setchell). In brook.
risburg.

Mt. Carmel. September. (Holden). River, just above Manayunk. (Wood).

Pennsylvania. Floating. Schuylkill

Family V.

RIVULARIACEAE
in a colorless hair,

Filaments tapering from base to apex, ending

cell of

simple
a

or branched; false branches due to development of the

new trichome from

main trichome, usually occurring immediately under an intercalary heterocyst rarely by the perforation of the sheath between two heterocysts by the trichome, as in Scytonema either separating immediately and forming a new sheath, or remaining for some time within the origi-

nal sheath; heterocysts usually present, usually basal, occasionally intercalary;

reproduction by means of vegetative

division,

hormogones and

gonidia.
I

Heterocysts not present Heterocysts present

I

Amphithrix

II

(i)

Filaments free, simple or coalesced into a branched plant mass Sheaths cylindrical

A
B

Filaments simple or branched; false branches distinct, free Calothrix

Filaments branched; false branches several (two to six) remainmg within the original sheath or common tegument Dichothrix Filaments branched; .false branches many (up to a hundred) remaining within the original sheath or common tegument Polythrix
Sheaths thick, saccate

(2)

Sacconema

Myxophyceae
2

253

Filaments coalesced into a crustaceous, spherical or hemispherical, mucous or gelatinous plant mass or colony
(i)

Heterocysts basal

A
B
(2)

Filaments simple,

parallel, associated in a crustaceous layer

Isactis

Filaments branched, radially arranged, associated in a spherical or hemispherical colony Rivularia

Heterocysts intercalary
Brachytrichia

Genus
Plant mass

AMPHITHRIX

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 220. 1843.

thin, expanded, of a purple the lower layer composed of densely interwoven filaments or of minute, radiately disposed series of cells; the upper layer consisting of simple erect filaments, closely packed

crustaceous or caespitose,

or violet color, consisting of

two

layers:

together and tapering hormogones solitary or

460.

to

fine

points;

sheaths

thin,

close,

continuous;

in series; heterocysts not present.

Amphithrix janthina (Montagne) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 344- 1886. De Toni. Syll.
Algar.
Collins.
s: 601. 1907.

Notes on

New

Club. 23:2. 1896; Preliminary Lists of

Algae, Rhodora. 2:41. 1900;

England Marine Algae.VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. New England Plants. ^V. Marine Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.

II.

Rhodora.

7: 237.

1905.

Plate

XVI.

fig.

3.

Plant mass crustaceous, thin, purple; filaments i.S-2.2 mic. in diameter, 3-5 decimill. in length, erect, close, purplish; sheaths thin, uniform, very close; cells equal to the diameter in length; hormogones 20 mic. in length;
cell

contents pale blue-green. Massachusetts. On wet cliffs just above high water mark. Rockport. Connecticut. Coating stones in Island Brook, below R. R. (Collins).

October. (Holden).
Var. torulosa (Grunow) Bornet and Flahault.
601.
I.

c.

344.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

Collins.

Notes on
i8g6.

New

Club. 23:
6.'

2.

Collins,

no. 262. 1897.

Collins.

England Marine Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. ^V.

Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2:41.

Filaments up to
5

1900.

mm.

in length;

trichomes torulose.

Massachusetts. Forming a purplish coating on stone in ditch in salt marsh near Linden Station, Revere. September 1892. (Collins).
461.

Amphithrix violacea (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3:344- 1886. De Toni.
Algar. 5:602. 1907.

des
Syll.

254
Collins,

Minnesota Algae

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 218. 1896. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2:41. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7:223. 1905.
Collins.

Plate

XVI.

fig.

4.

Plant mass caespitose, brownish red or violet; filaments 2-3 mic. in diameter, 1-3 mm. in length, erect, fasciculate; sheaths thin, uniform; trichomes constricted at the joints; cells shorter than their diameter; cell contents granular.

Maine.

On

cliffs

at

high water mark. Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay.

Island. (Collins).

July 1892. (Collins).

Rhode

Connecticut

On

stones.

Fresh Pond. November. (Holden).

Genus

CALOTHRIX

Agardh. Syst. Algar.

24.

1824.

Plant mass consisting of penicillate tufts or a soft velvety expansion; filaments simple or slightly branched; heterocysts basal or intercalary, absent in a few species; gonidia basal, seriate.
I

Heterocysts not present.

C. Juliana

II
I

Heterocysts present.
Plants living in salt water
(i)

Heterocysts basal
Plants fasciculate or penicillate, parasitic
a

A
b

Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter Filaments 21-29 m'c- in diameter

Plants caespitose, often growing on rocks

C. confervicola C. consociata

B
a

Filaments 8-12 mic. Filaments 10-18 mic. Filaments 9-15 mic.

in

diameter; cell contents violet C. fusco-violacea diameter; diameter;

cell

b
c

in

contents olive green

C. scopulorum

in

cell

contents olive green C. contarenii contents olive green C. pulvinata

Filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter;

cell

Plants parasitic; filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, thickened into a bulb at the base; cell contents blue-green
C. parasitica

(2)

Heterocysts basal and intercalary

A
B C

Filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, scarcely thickened at base C. aeruginea Filaments 15-18 mic.
in

diameter; false branches solitary

C. prolifera

Filaments 12-21 mic. in diameter; false branches fasciculate at the apex of the filament C. fasciculata

Myxophyceae

255

D
E
F
2

Filaments 12-24 mic. in diameter; false branches in pairs, arising

between two heterocysts

C. vivipara

Filaments 10-40 mic. in diameter, interwoven at base, decumbent

C. pilosa

Filaments 12-40 mic. in diameter, not branched; sheaths yellowish

brown
Plants living in fresh water
(i)

C. Crustacea

Plants epiphytic

A
B

Filaments

5-7.5 mic. in

diameter; trichomes 3.4-4 mic. in diameter C. epiphytica

C. scytonemicola

Filaments 7-8 mic.

in

diameter; heterocysts basal, usually in pairs

Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter,

especially constricted at joints; heterocysts basal, in pairs

C. stagnalis

D
E

Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, curved and bulbous-inflated at the base; trichomes 7-8 mic. in diameter
C. fusca

Filaments 5-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes thicker at the base; trichomes 3.5-5.5 mic. in diameter C. sandwicensis
Filaments 15-16 mic. in diameter at base; sheaths thick, lamellose, finally becoming brownish black; cells very short
C. breviarticulata

Filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter; sheaths wide, often truncate, almost colorless; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter
C. violacea

H
(2)

Filaments 18-24 mic.

in

diameter; sheaths thick, gelatinous, lamelC. adscendens

lose, finally ocreate

Plants living in

warm

or hot water

A
B

Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths somewhat thick, uniform, transparent, sometimes yellowish at base; heterocysts
basal, rarely intercalary

C. thermalis

Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths close, ocreate, transparent, becoming yellowish brown; heterocysts basal and intercalary, spherical or quadrate

C. calida

C
(3)

Filaments lo-ii mic. in diameter; sheaths close, thick, lamellose, C. kuntzei ocreate, transparent and yellowish
Plants living on stones and

wood

A
B
C

Filaments 9-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths narrow, close, uniform, colorless; trichomes 6-7 mic. in diameter C. braunii Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, close, uniform C. parietina or ocreate, yellowish brown
Filaments 12-13 mic. in diameter; sheaths thin, close, uniform, C. castellii colorless or yellowish

21-5

Minnesota Algae
Species not well understood
C. donnellii

M. elongatum M. fertile M. fibrosum M. halos

C. lacucola
S.

obscurus

M. pardoxum
C. rhizosoleniae

M. sejunctum M. turgida
462.

Calothrix Juliana (Meneghini) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3:348. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
60s.

1907-

Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Bot. Club. 22: 425. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 163. 1896. Fasc. 3. 1895. ColSetchell.
lins.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.

Am. Acad.

37: 241. 1901.

Brown. Algal
Club. 35:247.

periodicity in certain
1908.

ponds and streams.

Plate

Bull.

Torr. Bot.

XVI,

fig.

S-

Filaments scattered or forming an interrupted, olivaceous layer, densely crowded, erect, simple, rigid, often thickened at the base, 10-15 niic. in diameter, 2 mm. in length; sheaths thin, close, not lamellose, colorless; trichomes 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, ending in a long, tapering, fragile hair; cells three times shorter than their diameter; hormogones 4 or S times longer than their diameter.
Massachusetts. Massopoag Brook, Sharon. Connecticut. Growing on wood and on stones. Trading Cove Brook, Norwich; Quinebaug River, .Lisbon. (Setchell). Forming small isolated blackish tufts (1-3 mm. in diameter), on smooth stones in shallow Inwater. Trading Cove Brook, Norwich. September 1892. (Setchell). California. On stones in stream. Pasadiana. Bloomington. (Brown). West Indies. On stones in stream. dena. January 1896. (McClatchie).

United States. (Farlow).

(Setchell).

Roaring River,
463.

St.

Ann's Bay, Jamaica. March

1893.

(Humphrey).

Calothrix confervicola (Roth) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 70. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 349. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 606. 1907.

Farlow. List Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 105. 1858. Marine Algae United States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Hall. List of the Marine Algae growing in Long Island Sound within 20 Farlow. Marine miles of New Haven. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 112. 1876. Pike. Check List of Marine Algae of New England. 36. pi. i. f. 6. 1881.

Myxophyceae

257

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Island. 95. 1888. Club. 15: 310. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. S- 1888; Algae of MiddleMartindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast sex County. 13. 1888.

and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Anderson. List of California Marine Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 602. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 218. 1891. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Bor.-Am. Fasc. i. no. 9. 1895. Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc.

WoUe

Am. Acad.

37: 241. 1901.

Lemmerman,

E. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.

Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac HolJahrb. 34: 627. 1905. den. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate

XVI.

fig.

6-8.

Filaments gregarious, stellately fasciculate, attached to larger algae, rigid, not thickened at the base, blackish green or lead-colored, 12-25 mic. in diameter, 2-3 mm. in length; sheaths close, very often entirely colorless, sometimes yellowish brown in lower parts, homogeneous, soft, gelatinous in upper portions; trichomes 10-18 mic. in diameter; cells four or five times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts one or two, basal; hormogones numerous in the sheath, four to six times longer than their diameter.

Canada. On other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (FauU). England. On algae of all kinds. Very common in summer. (Farlow). Massachusetts. On Maine. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Enteromorpha intestinalis in ditches in salt marshes. Wood's Hole. July 1892. (Setchell). "Parasitic" on various algae at Brant Point; Rhode Island. On on Ulva in salt water, Medford, Everett. (Collins). Connecticut. On R u pthe filiform marine algae. (Bailey, Olney, Hunt). New York. Shores of Long Island. pia. Fresh Pond, August. (Holden). In fresh and salt water. Bay Ridge, Fort Hamilton. Summer. Staten Island. New Jersey. On rockweed. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). (Pike). Hudson: Hoboken and Communipaw. (Pike). New York Bay. (Hooper). West Indies. On various algae. Port California. Common. (Anderson). Hawaii. On marine algae. Antonio. Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey).

New

Laysan. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).

Var. purpurea Bornet and Flahault.
Collins,
1.

c.

350.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

607.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

30. no. 1456. 1908.

Trichomes purple.
Maine.

On Cladophora expansa

(Kuetz).

In

marsh

pools.

Stover's Point. Harpswell. 13

464.

July 1905. (Collins).

Calothrix consociata (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 3Si- 1886.
5: 607. 1907.

Setchell

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern University. Univ.

197. 1903.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.

i:


21-8

Minnesota Algae
Plate

XVI.

fig.

9-

Filaments gregarious and

gae, curved,

stellately fasciculate, attached to filiform al-

decumbent and
.3

slightly thickened at the base, blackish green,

in

21-29 mic. in diameter,

mm.

length; sheaths close, membranaceous,

brownish, with dilated, funnel-shaped apex, the outside layers colorless; trichomes 12 mic. in diameter; cells three times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts basal; cell contents olive. Washington. On grasses in a salt marsh. Head of Penn's Cove, near
Coupeville,
465.

Whidbey

Island. (Gardner).

Calothrix fusco-violacea Crouan in herb. Thuret and Mus. Paris. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 608. 1907. 352. 1886.
Setchell. Setchell. Phyc.

Collins, Notes on Cyanophyceae. I. Erythea. 4: 87. 1896. Collins. PreBor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 217. 1896. liminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41.

Holden and
1900.

Plate

XVI.
.5

fig.

10.

Filaments 8-12 mic.

close, thin, colorless,

in diameter,

mm.

in length, gregarious,

forming a
trich-

velvety, indefinite or violet mass, bent

and thickened uniform, gelatinous and diffluent

at the base; sheaths in

upper parts;

omes
hair

7-8 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, at first ending in a short

which

falls

cells shorter

gones

many

off when hormogones are formed, leaving apex truncate; than their diameter; heterocysts basal, often worn out; hormowithin the sheath, up to ten times longer than their diameter.

Massachusetts. Forming orbicular velvety patches, reddish purple to dark blue-green in color, onPunctaria plantaginea. Wood's Hole. Summer of 1895. (Nott).
466.

Calothrix scopulorum
1824.

(Weber and Mohr) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 70. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.

VII.

3: 3S3. 1886.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 608. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 105. 1858. Farlow. List Marine Algae United States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 322. 1883. Pike. Check List of Marine Collins. Algae from Atlantic Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13; 105. 1886.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the Island. 95. 1888. Jersey coast and

New

Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Collins. Algae. Rand and RedJersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. Rosenvinge. Les field's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 246. 1894. Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894; Deuxieme Memoire sur les Algues marines du Groenland. Medd. om GroenCollins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. land. 20: 121. 1898. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 17. no. 805. 1901. Setchell and Gard-

Myxophyceae
ner.

259

Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 197. 1903. Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223, Borgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae 243. 1905. ci the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Bot. Faeroes. App. XXV. 1905.
Collins. Phycological

Plate

XVI.

fig.

II, 12.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, widely expanded, dark green or olive; filaments 10-18 mic. in diameter, up to i mm. in length, twisted and curled,

moderately thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, colorless, yellowish brown, or forming yellowish and colorless zones, lamellose in the larger filaments, variously dilated and expanded; trichomes 8-15 mic. in diameter, ending in a hair; heterocysts one to three, basal; hormogones numerous in the sheath, four or five times longer than their diameter.
Greenland. Forming "in conjunction with several other algae, a thin stratum over stones within the upper part of the littoral zone. It is scarce here (in the Polar Sea), and nowhere occurs in great masses. It has been found both on exposed and sheltered coasts." Greenland Sea; West coast of Spitzbergen. (Kjellman). Forming a gelatinous cushion upon rocks in the littoral region. (Sorenson). East and west portions. (Borgesen and Newfoundland. On rocks between tides. Quidi Vidi. July 1897. Jonsson). Maine. Very common on rocks. Seal Harbor; Little Cran(Holden). New Hampshire. (Collins). berry Isle (Collins); Sea Wall (Holden). Massachusetts. On rocks near high water mark. Marblehead. June 1901. Rhode Island. Rocks near high water mark. (Bailey and Ol(Collins). Connecticut. On rocks. Stratford Shoals. July, September. (Holney.) New York. Shores of Long Island. Greenport, Little Egg Harbor. den). New Jersey. Hoboken, Beesleys Summer. (Pike). Statin Island. (Pike). Point. (Pike). On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). On woodNew Jersey. Marine. Hudson: Hoboken; Cape May, work. (Morse). WashingBeesley's Point. (Pike). On wharves, Atlantic City. (Morse).
ton. In salt water. Puget Sound. (Saunders).
467.

Calothrix contarenii (Zanardini) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 355- 1886.
S: 610. 1907.

Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Col18: 336. 1891; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 241. 1901. lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 11 13. 1903.
Collins.

Plate

XVI.

fig.

13-

Plant mass crustaceous, compact, orbicular, smooth, glistening, blackgreen; filaments 9-1S mic. in diameter, up to i mm. in length, very densely crowded, parallel, erect, moderately fiexuous; decumbent and thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, colorless or yellowish, dilated into lamellose, funnel-shaped expansions; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, ending in a slender long hair; cells equal to or shorter than their diameter;
ish

heterocysts, one to two, basal.

26o
Massachusetts.

Minnesota Algae

On

stones

more

or less

embedded

in the sand, a little

above low water mark. Revere Beach. January and February. (Collins). West Indies. On wreck on beach. Port Morant, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). On Galaxaura, etc. Santurce, Porto Rico. May 1903. (Howe).
468.

Calothrix pulvinata (Mertens) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 71. 1824. Borner and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 3: 356. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 610. 1907.
Pike. Check List
Collins.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 37. 1881. Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886.
J.

Algae from

Atlantic City, N.
of

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888.

Bennett. Plants

Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants 91. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894; Preliminary

Rhode

Island. 95. 1888.

Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island.

New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Hoiden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 957. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Lists of
Collins, Collins. Notes on Algae. V. Rhodora. 5: 208. 1903; i: 197. 1903. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Hoiden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Bot.

Plate

XVI.

fig.

14.

Plant mass sponge-like, porous, fasciculate, hairy on the surface, dull green, widely expanded; filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter, 2-3 mm. in length, erect, flexuous, scarcely thickened at the base, agglutinated into irregular fascicles, sparingly branched; branches often opposite; sheaths thick, firm, lamellose, colorless or brownish; trichomes 8-12 mic. in diameter, tapering into a short hair; cells two or three times shorter than their diameter; hormogones four to six times longer than broad, often developed within the sheath; cell contents olive.

Maine. Growing in extensive sheets on beams and posts under old tide Harpswell. July 1902; on piles of bridge, outlet of Long Pond. "Rare; the most northern station for this species yet reported." (Collins). Massachusetts. On wharves. Wood's Hole. (Farlow). Rhode Island. Newport. Connecticut. On woodwork at or above high water mark. (Farlow). Black Rock; Stratford Shoals; on old hulk. Cook's Point, August, October. (Hoiden). New York. Shores of Long Island: Greenport, Little Egg New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, MartinHarbor. (Pike). Washington. In salt marsh on sticks and old wood. Whidbey dale). Island. August 1899. (Gardner).
mill.

469.

Calothrix parasitica (Chauvin) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. i; 381. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 357. 1886. De Toni. Syll.
Algar.
5: 612.

1907.

Collins. Notes on New England. 37. 1881. Pike. Marine Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10: 55. 1883. ColCheck List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886. Setchell. lins, Hoiden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. iii. 1893.

Farlow. Marine Algae of

New England

Myxophyceae

261

Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 46. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate

XVI.

fig. 15, 16.

Filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, .5 mm. in length; gregarious, immersed in the outer cells of Nemalion, blue-green, bulbous and curved at the base (bulb up to 24 mic. in diameter) sheaths thin, colorless, often dilated and funnel-shaped at the apex; trichomes 7-8 mic. in diameter, ending in a very long, flexuous hair; cells short; heterocysts basal; hormogones many in the sheath, four or five times longer than the diameter. Maine. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts.
;

Completely covering

Nemalion multifidum
Bluff and the

growing

at

low water

mark between
City.

the

Oak

Camp Meeting
of

landings, at Cottage

(Collins). Epiphytic

on the fronds

Nemalion multifidum.
Island.

Wood's
port.

Holl. July 1895. (Nott).

Rhode

On Nemalion. NewStratford Shoals. July.

(Farlow). (Holden).

Connecticut.

On Nemalion.

470.

Calothrix aeruginea (Kuetzing) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. i: 10. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 358. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
S: 612. 1907.

Schramm and Maze. Essai leinia flaccida Crouan).

Guadeloupe.
20. 1870-1877.

Class.

Algues Guadeloupe.

30.

1865.

(L

b-

Maze and Schramm.

Essai Class. Algues

(Lyngbya nemalionis

Crouan).

Collins.

England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 336. 1891; Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 17. no. 241. 1901. II. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 804. 1901.
Notes on

New

Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la BarRhodora. 7: 223. 1905. Borgesen and Jonsson. The bade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. i: 55. 1903. Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.
Plate

XVII.

fig.

I.

Filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, .5 mm. in length, forming a somewhat continuous light blue-green layer on the surfaces of larger algae, decumbent and slightly thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, very often entirely colorless, rarely yellowish in lower parts, uniform, soft, and gelatinous in the upper portions; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, ending in a gradually tapering hair; cells short; heterocysts one or two at the base,

few or none

intercalary,

hormogones numerous within the

sheath, four to

six times longer than wide.

Maine. Cape Rosier. July 1890; among other algae on woodwork of old Massav-harf, Otter Creek, Mount Desert Island. July 1900. (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a coating on iron piles bechusetts. (Collins). West tween tide marks. Black Rock Beacon. August, October. (Holden). Indies. On Dasya arbuscula. Montego Bay, Jamaica. June 1900.

262

Minnesota Algae

Hawaii. (Pease and Butler). Rocky Bay, Hastings, Barbados. (Vickers). Growing' on other algae. In pools at half tide. Waianae, Waikiki and Laie Point, Oahu. May and June 1900. (Tilden).
471.

Calothrix prolifera Flahault in Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 361. 1886.

Setchell. Phyc.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

24. no.

S: 615. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

1168. 1904.

(Calothrix Crustacea forma prolifera lins. New species, etc., issued in the Phycotheca
dora. 8: 105. 1906.

(Flah.) Collins).

Col-

Boreali-Americana. Rho-

Plant mass expanded, velvety, brownish green; filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter, 2 mm. in length, somewhat flexuous, curved and distinctly thick-

ened
in

at the base, here

and there branched; branches issuing

in the region

of the heterocyst as in Tolypothrix; sheaths thick, lamellose, firm, colorless

upper portions, yellowish below, ocreate; ocreae dilated and torn; trich8-12 mic. in diameter, tapering at the apex into a hair; cells three or four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts one or two at the base, many scattered through the trichome.

omes

California.

January
472.

1904.

Among other algae, on boards wet with salt water. Alameda. (Gardner).

Calothrix fasciculata Agardh. Syst. Algar. 71. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 361. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 615. 1907.
Collins.

Notes on
Collins.

18: 336. 1891.

Collins,

261. 1897.

England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine

New

Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

21 mic.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, expanded, blackish green; filaments 12in diameter, 2-3 mm. in length, erect, somewhat flexuous, a little

thickened at the base, when young unbranched, later branched; false branches formed in two ways: sometimes scattered and lateral, solitary or in pairs, sometimes fasciculately crowded on one side of the middle portion of the filament; sheaths moderately thick, lamellose, firm, uniform or dilated, colorless or with age becoming yellowish brown; trichomes 8-12 mic. in diameter, ending in a hair; cells two or three times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts basal and, in mature filaments, few or numerous throughout the trichome; cell contents blue-green.

Maine.
shells.

On rocks between tide marks. Cape Rosier. July 1889; on dead Cape Rosier, July 1895. (Collins). Massachusetts. (Collins).

Rhode Island. (Collins). Forma incrustans Collins. Notes on Algae.

I.

Rhodora.

i:

13.

1899.

De

Toni.

1.

c.

616.

Collins.

Notes on
1891.

Club.

18:

336.

(C.

New England Marine Algae. contarenii Collins). New

V. Bull. Torr. Bot.

Collins,

Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 561. 1899. II. Rhodora. i: 13. 1900; Preliminary Lists of Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.
Setchell. Phyc.

Collins.

Holden and Notes on Algae. England Plants. V.

Myxophyceae
Plant mass crustaceous, flattened; filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter, slender than in the typical form.

263

more

Massachusetts.
:89s. (Collins).

On

rocks in littoral zone.

Revere Beach. September

473.

Calothrix vivipara Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 106. 1858. Hornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 362. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 616. 1907.

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. Marine Algae of New England. 37. 1881. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 1307. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. 12. no. 560. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2 41. 1900.
1875;

Plant mass widely expanded, velvety, blackish green; filaments 12-24 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mm. in length, decumbent and interwoven at the base, becoming erect, somewhat flexuous, branched; false branches in pairs, issuing from the filament as in Scytonema; sheaths thick, gelatinous, uniform, yellowish brown, somewhat opaque; irichomes 9-15 mic. in diameter, tapering very gradually from base to apex, ending in a hair; cells equal to or shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal and a few scattered through the trichome; cell contents olive green.

Massachusetts. Forming patches on rocks and growing also on other Nahant; Wood's HoU. (Farlow). In upper tide pools on smooth Rhode Island. (Bailey). Searocks. Marblehead. August 1895. (Collins). connet Point. (Farlow).
algae.
474.

Calothrix pilosa Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 106. pi. 48 C. 1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 363. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 614. 1907.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.

Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
lins,

(Scytonema submarinum
Am. Acad.
37: 242. 1901.
1167. 1904.
24. no.

Crn.).

ColCollins.

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 859. 1901.

Collins,

The Algae
and

of Jamaica. Proc.

Holden

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

Plant mass caespitose, widely expanded, black or dark blue-green; filaments 10-40 mic. in diameter, 2-10 mm. in length, decumbent and interwoven at the base, erect at the apices, elongate, rigid, free or growing together laterally in fascicles, distinctly thicker in upper portions; sheaths
hard, thick, at first orange, finally yellowish brown, opaque, uniform; trichomas 10-20 mic. in diameter, briefly tapering at the apex; terminating in a hemispherical cell, here and there interrupted by heterocysts; cell contents
olive

brown.

Forming blackish or dark brown, pilose strata of indefinite exCalifornia. rocks between tide marks. Key West. (Harvey). Forming a black velvety covering on the bottoms of small pools in the rocks above high water mark, but filled with salt water from the spray and higher waves, though often much concentrated by the sun. Near Point West Indies. GuadeCarmel, Monterey County. June 1901. (Setchell). loupe. (Maze). On Bostrychia tenella. Port Antonio, Jamaica.
Florida.
tent.

On

264
August 1894. (Pease and Butler). 1903. (Howe).
475.

Minnesota Algae

On

rocks,

etc., littoral.

Porto Rico.

May

Calothrix Crustacea Thuret.

Notes Algologiques. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

i:

13.

pi.

4.

1878.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 613. 1907. 3: 359. 1886. Maze and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1870-1877. Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 49. 1877. Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 36. 1881. Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888; Algae of Middlesex County. Bennett. Plants of Rhode 13. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 5. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and Island. 95. 1888.

Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 602. 1889. Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.(5 ch z oAnderson. List of California Marine Algae, siphon pilosus Crn.). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.with Notes. Zoe. 2: 218. 1891. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Am. Fasc. i. no. 10. 1895. Plants.- V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Setchell and Gardner. ColAlgae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 197. 1903. lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1212. 1905. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. 11. Rhodora. 7: 223.

WoUe

1905.

Plate XVII.

fig.

2-6.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, widely expanded, blackish green or brownish; filaments 12-40 mic. in diameter, 1-2 mm. in length, erect, densely crowded, a little thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, colorless or yellowish brown, in the older filaments lamellose, variously dilated and expanded in upper portions; trichomes 8-15 mic. in diameter, ending in a long hair; cells short; heterocysts one to three at the base, often many scattered through the trichome; hormogones many within the sheath, four 01 five times longer than wide; gonidia oblong, cylindrical, smooth, in
series.

Canada; On other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (FauU). Massachusetts. On Maine. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Ulva in salt water. Medford; Everett; Brant Point and Polpis. (Collins). Rhode On algae of all kinds and on rocks. Wood's Holl. (Farlow). Connecticut. Clothing Island. Narragansett Bay. (Bennett). (Collins). fronds of Cladophora, Enteromorpha and other algae, also on rocks. Woodmont. July 1892; on algae and rocks, Stratford Shoals; Cook's New York. Shores of Long Point, July, September, October. (Holden). New Jersey. On Island: Bay Ridge, Fort Hamilton. Summer. (Pike). Florida. (Harvey, Melrockweed. Atlantic Ocean. (MorSc, Martindale).
ville).

Washington. Floating, on rocks, clay banks, wood,

etc., in

brack-

CalWhidbey Island; Keyport, Kitsap County. (Gardner). ifornia. Common. On rocks, wharves and other algae. (Anderson). On West grass and weeds, salt marsh. Alameda. April 1904. (Gardner).
ish

lagoon.

Myxophyceae
Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).
half tide.

265
Hawaii.

On

other algae. In tide pools at

Waianae, Oahu.

May

1900. (Tilden).

Forma simulans Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 1406. 1907.
Filaments stout; color from light blue-green to purple or dull rose. Massachusetts. On Z o s t e r a. Mattapoisett. October 1906. Appearing C. confervicola (Roth) Ag., but with intercalary heterocysts.
Calothrix epiphytica West and West. Welwitsch's African Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 35: 240. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 621.
1907.

like

(Collins).
476.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 285. 1898-1900. diameter at the base, 250 mic. rarely up to 350 mic. in length, minute, attached to larger algae, solitary or somewhat gregarious, gradually tapering from base to apex; sheaths somewhat thick, transparent and colorless; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter at the base, ending in ^ very thin hair at the apex; cells equal to the diameter, in length, or at the base a little shorter; heterocysts basal, solitary, small.

West and West.

Filaments

5-7.5 mic. in

West
477.

Indies. Epiphytic

on

Tolypothrix.
n.

Dominica.

(Elliott).

Calothrix scytonemicola

sp.

Plate

XVII.

fig.

7.

Filaments 7-8 mic. in diameter, isolated or in small groups, the lower portion attached to host, the remainder erect and free, ending in a hair point; sheaths not distinct; heterocj'Sts 8 mic. in diameter, basal, usually two in number, somewhat globose. Hawaii. Growing on filaments of Scytonema crispum. Very abundant. In stagnant water in pool on beach, among roots of Water hyacinth. Meheiva, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).
478.

Calothrix stagnalis Gomont. Note sur un Calothrix sporifere. (Calothrix stagnalissp. n.). Morot. Journ. de Bot. 9: 197. f. i, 2. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 619. 1907.
Collins,

Collins.

Holden and Notes on Algae.

VII.
in

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
8:
123.

23. no.

1114. 1903.

Rhodora.

1906.

Plate

XVII.

fig. 8, 9.

Filaments 8-10 mic.

diameter

in the

middle portions, up to

mm.

in length, gregarious, radiating, decumbent and thickened at the base, erect, sickle-shaped; sheaths thin, close, papery, transparent; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints, gradually tapering into a hair;
cells 6-10 mic. in diameter, unequal, usually subquadrate or longer than the diameter; heterocysts in pairs, basal, yellowish, spherical or somewhat quadrate; gonidia lo-li mic. in width (with sheath 12-14 mic wide), 26-40 mfc. in length, yellowish; wall of gonidium smooth. Massachusetts. In stellate tufts, rather sparsely distributed on various

filamentous algae, in swamp. Medford. August 1903. (Collins).

479.

Calothrix fusca (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 364- 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 617.
1907.

266

Minnesota Algae
Maze and Schramm.
.

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31 1877. (M a sWolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Crouan). Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (Mastigonema fusca Wolle). Fresh Water Algae III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877. (M a sBennett. Plants of Rhode Island. tigothrix aeruginea Kuetz. Col114. 1888. (Mastigonema aeruginosum (Kg.) Kirchn.).

tichothrix longissima

lins.

Algae of Middlesex County.

Kirchn.).

13.

1888.

(Mastigonema aerugiFresh-Water
:

neum
in

Algae collected Collins, Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1 30. 1894. Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. i. no. 11. 1895. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, MassaCollins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. 37: chusetts. 127. 1896. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. 241. 1901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. igoi. Setchell and Gardner. AlU. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Colgae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 197. 1903. lins. The Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. Lemmermann. AlCollins. Phycological genfl. Sandwich. -Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905. Collins, HolNotes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 1407. 1907.
Tilden.
List
of

Plate XVII.

fig. 10, 11.

Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, 2-3 decimill. in length, scattered or gregarious, living within the colonies of gelatinous algae, curved and bulbous-inflated at the base (bulb 15 mic. in diameter) sheaths thick, colorless, gelatinous, diffluent at the apex; trichomes 7-8 mic. in diameter, ending in a long hair; cells short; heterocysts one or two at the base.
;

Alaska.

Embedded

in the gelatinous

coating of

Batrachospermum

from a freshwater pond. Cook Inlet; Kadiak Island. (Saunders). Occurring singly or few together in the jelly of other species of algae. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). New Hampshire. On Batrachospermum vagum. Lake Chocorua. September 1906; on wall of Massachusetts. On Batrachospermum. Billerica. Flume. (Collins). (Faxon). Among other algae on rocks at Cascade, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island. Easton's Pond, Newport. (Bennett). Connecticut. On Batrachospermum vagum. Pool below Factory Pond Dam. OctoPennsylvania. ber. (Holden). New Jersey. October 1892. (Peters). MinneOhio. In plankton. Lake Erie. Put-in-Bay. (Snow). (Wolle). sota. In pool near Lake Kilpatrick. June 1893. (Ballard). West Indies. Hawaii. In ditches between Honolulu and Giuadeloupe. (Conquerant). Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).
480.

vagum

Calothrix sandvicensis (Nordstedt) Schmidle. Zur Entwickelung einer

Zygnema und

Calothrix. Flora. 84: 170.

5: 618.

pi.

5.

f.

12-14.

1897.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de CharaCeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 5. pi. i. f. 3. 1878. (L o p h oLemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.sandvicense Nordst.). p Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905.

odium

M3^ophyceae
Plate

267

XVII.

fig.

12.

Filaments 5-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes thickened in lower portion; trichomes 3.5-5.5 mic. in diameter; heterocysts equal to or exceeding the basal cells in diameter; gonidia 8 mic. in diameter, 8-10 mic. in length,
single, rarely in pairs,

Hawaii. On filaments July 1889. (Lauterbach).

481.

somewhat quadrate, angular-convex, rotund. ofPithophora affinis. Near Hilo, Hawaii.

Calothrix breviarticulata West and West. Welwitsch's African Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 35: 240. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 620. 1907.

West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot.

Filaments 15-16 mic. at the base,
11.5-12.5 mic. in

42: 293. 1904.

middle portions, up to 380 mic. in length, solitary or gregarious, gradually tapering from base to apex; sheaths thick, lamellose, becoming brownish black in old plants; trichomes 8.5 mic. in diameter at the base, 5.5-7.5 mic. in middle portions; cells disc-shaped, four or five times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts solitary, basal, hemispherical; cell contents pale blue-green.

West
Gardens,
482.

Indies.
St.

Epiphytic on Vaucheria Ann's, Trinidad. (Howard).

species.

Royal Botanical

Calothrix violacea (Wolle)

De
II.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Bull.

5:

619.
6:

1907.
138.

WoUe. Fresh Water

Algae.

Torn

Bot.

Club.

1877-

(M astigonema violacea

Wolle).

Filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter, parasitic, usually in clusters, ten or twelve arising from each base, "a sort of warty excrescence," when young blue-green, changing when mature to purplish iron or amethyst color, finally becoming olivaceous brown; sheaths wide, often truncate, almost colorless; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter; lower cells short, two or four times shorter than the diameter, upper cells longer, finally four or six times as

long as wide; heterocysts more or less compressed. Pennsylvania. "Parasitic on Plectonema in shallow river waters."
< Wolle).

483.

Calothrix adscendens (Naegeli) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 365- 1886.
5: 620.

1907.

Wolle.

Algae

Exsicc.

no.

83.

(M astigonema
III.

parasiticum
46. 1899.

Wolle).

Setchell.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.
Plate XVII.

Erythea. 7:

fig. 13, 14-

Filaments 18-24 mic. in diameter, i mm. in length, scattered or gregarious, light blue-green in dried material, tapering from base to apex; sheaths thick, gelatinous, lamellose, finally becoming ocreate, transparent; trichomes 12 mic. in diameter in the middle portions; cells equal to the
<iiameter in length or shorter; heterocysts basal.

Pennsylvania(?). (Wolle).

268
484.

Minnesota Algae
Calothrix thermalis (Schwabe) Hansgirg. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Bohmisch. Thermalalgenflora. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift. 34: 279. 1884. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.

VII.

3: 368. 1886.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 625. 1907.

of

Weed. Formation Hot Springs. U. S.

of Travertine

and

Silicious Sinter

by the Vegetation

Geol. Survey. 9th Ann. Report. 665. 1889.

(M a s t i-

gonema thermale
no. 287. 1898.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. Schwabe). Observations on Some West American Thermal Algae. Bot.
9f.

Gaz. 2$: 94.

pi.

i-S.

1898.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

i-S.

Plant mass mucous, smooth, more or less expanded, deep olive green, dried blue-green; filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter, up to 3 mm. in length, interwoven, flexuous, densely crowded; sheaths somewhat thick, uniform, transparent, sometimes yellowish at the base; trichomas 5-8 mic. in diameter, tapering at the apex into a long hair, here and there constricted at the joints; cells equal to or three times shorter than the diame-

when

ter;

heterocysts basal and rarely intercalary.

Olive colored, forming sinter. Crater of Excelsior Geyser; overflow of channel of geyser, temperature 49-54.5 C, Spasmodic Geyser; forming cedar-colored fur on overflow channel of Old Faithful Geyser, Upper Basin, 1897. (Weed). With other algae in rivulets. Temperature 49-50 Fountain Hotel Geyser Basin. June 1896; very common in colder porC. tions of overflows, temperature 34 C, Emerald Pool, Upper Geyser Basin, July 1896, Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden).
485.

Wyoming.

<

Calothrix calida P. Richter in Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum. Part III. II. 388. f. a, b. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 626. 1907.
Plate XVIII.
pi. 6, 7.

Plant mass 6 mm. in thickness, dry, spongy or crustaceous, widely expanded, flattened, olivaceous; filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter, interwoven flexuous, aggregated; sheaths close, yellowish brown, when young transparent, thick, ocreate, ocreae here and there dilated; trichomes 3-6 mic. in diameter, pale blue-green, tapering into a long hair; cells spherical or
equal to their diameter, or three times longer, the lower ones spherical depressed or barrel-shaped; transverse walls often inconspicuous; heterocysts basal and intercalary, spherical or quadrate.
elliptical,

Wyoming. In warm water from a geyser. Temperature +50 R. Yellowstone National Park. (Kuntze).
486.

1874.

Calothrix kuntzei P. Richter in Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum. Part III. II. 388. f. a-c. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 625. 1907. ' Plant mass dry, crustaceous, pulvinate, mammillose, stony, expanded, faded within, blue-green on the surface, lamellose, up to 5 mm. in thickness; filaments lo-ii mic. in diameter, free, usually agglutinated in irregular fascicles, parallel or flexible; sheaths close, thick, transparent and yellowish, lamellose, ocreate; trichomes thickened at the base, especially when

young, bright bluish in color; basal cells hemispherical or spherical, barrelshaped or disc-shaped, those in upper portion of trichome oval or spheri-

Myxophyceae

269

cal, somewhat quadrate or shorter or longer than their diameter; basal heterocysts spherical; intercalary heterocysts quadrate or cylindrical, sometimes in series, equalling the diameter in length, or up to seven times longer than wide.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

8-10.

running, hot geyser water. October 1874. National Park. (Kuntze).

487.

Wyoming. In

Yellowstone

Calothrix braunii Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 368. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 624. 1907.
Setchell.

Sci.

Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Tilden. American Algae. Century III. no. 286. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 46. 1899. 1898. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Bot. i: 198. 1903. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.
Bot. Club. 22: 426. 1895. Fasc. 3. no. 112. 1895.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

II.

Plant
diameter,

mass
.5

caespitose,
in

velvety,

blue-green;

filaments

9-10

mic.

in

densely crowded, parallel, straight, curved and thickened at the base; sheaths narrow, close, uniform, colorless; trichomes 6-7 mic. in diameter, equal, tapering into a very long hair, often
length,

mm.

constricted at joints; cells a

cysts basal.

little

shorter than

their

diameter; hetero-

Massachusetts. Growing on stones in a small brook. Sharon; forming extended patches on rounded stones in a small rivulet, Cataumet. (SetchConnecticut. On stones in shallow water. Bridgeport. October 1893; ell). forming a coating on stones, side stream of Pequonnock River, below FacWashington. On dead floating tory Pond Dam, October. (Holden). stems of S c i r p u s. Lake' Washington, Seattle. July 1897; on pebbles at edge of Lake Union, Seattle, June 1897. (Tilden).
488.

Calothrix parietina (Naegeli) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinees. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. i 381. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 366. 1886.
:

621. 1907.

WoUe. Fresh Water

284. 1879,

Algae.

(Mastigonema caespitosum
Algae of

(Schizosiphon New England. 40. 1881.

f.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. 1. c. 6: crustiformis Naeg.). Farlow. Marine
II.

Bull.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U.

f.

S.

237,

245. pi. 173.

2, 3; pi.

176.

f.

S; pl- 178.

1-3; pl. 205.

f.

6, 7.

1887.

(Calo-

thrix gracilis Rab., Isactis caespitosa (Kg.) Wolle, including f. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's tenuior viridis Rab.).
Catalogue of Plants found in
Collins,

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

J.

2:

603.

1889.

TilHolden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. i. no. 12. 1895. den. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 65. 1894. (Porphyrosiphon noCollins. Algae.^ Flora of the Blue tarisii Kg.). Cent. II. no. 164. 1896. Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the

2/0

Minnesota Algae

Metropolitan Park Commission, Meissachusetts. 127. 1896. Richter. Siissv/asseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 7: Heft. 42. 4. 1897. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898.
III. Erythea. 7: 45. 1899. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 198. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1360. 1907. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain Ponds and' Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 243, Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. 248. 1908.

Sci. 14: 15. 1908.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

12.

Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, up to I mm. in length, scattered or aggregated into a crustaceous, thin, brown or black mass, erect or decumbent, flexuously contorted, uniform or somewhat thicker at the base; sheaths close, somewhat thick, yellowish brown, opaque, fragile, sometimes uniform, sometimes ocreate; ocreae wide and fringed in upper portions; trichomes 5-10 mic. in diameter, ending in a thin hair i mic. in diameter; cells short, two or three times wider than long; heterocysts a little wider at
the base, intercalary heterocysts three times longer than wide.
rare;

hormogones few

in

the

sheath,

Alaska. Forming reddish

brown patches on dripping

rocks.

Amaknak
Green-

Cave,

Amaknak

Island,

Bay

of Unalaska. (Setchell

and Lawson).

land. Ij'manak. (Richter).

Vermont. Northern part. (Wolle). Massachusetts. In Nobska Pond, near Wood's Hole. (Farlow). Forming minute Rhode Island. tufts on rocks near Bear's Den, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Forming a calcareous incrustation on perpendicular walls of a limestone
quarry. Lincoln. April 1906.
(Collins).

Connecticut.

On

stone

dam

of

Factory Pond; on dripping rocks between Canaan and Twin Lakes, Salisbury; on dripping rock, East Rock, New Haven; on sandy ground, shore of Fresh Pond, October, November; forming a close coating on stone work New of dam, Pequonnock River, Bridgeport, October 1892. (Holden). Indiana. AbunJersey. On submerged stones in shallow water. (Wolle). dant on stones in Stone Spring Branch the entire year. Bloomington. Minnesota. Growing in damp sand in stone quarry. Minne(Brown). apolis. August 1894. (Anderson). On stone sides of fountain. Kenwood, Iowa. On stem of Phragmites. Minneapolis. August 1895. (Tilden). Colorado. Wet rorcks. Cannon City. (Brandegee). Ontario. (Buchanan). California. On the sides of a water trough near Berkeley. July 1905. (Osterhout and Gardner). On clay bank of a small stream. North Berkeley. September 190S; on the sides of a water tank, Berkeley, February 1906. (Gardner).

h e

Dr. Setchell considers the specimen under the name of Calothrix a 1 i s, in Tilden. Am. Alg. no. 287, to belong to C. p a r i e t i n a. r

This scarcely seems possible.

"C. p a r e t i n a may be entirely free from incrustation, or it may be very thoroughly incrusted with either lime or silica. It is seldom, if ever, branched, but the hormogonia in the incrusted specimens attach themselves
i

Myxophyceae

271

very often to the sheaths of the older filaments and resemble branches very strongly indeed. Intercalary heterocysts do occur in C. p a r i e t i n a, but they are not at all common. The species is usually readily distinguished by its lamellose, brown and more or less ochreate sheath, but these characters may be at times more or less obscure." Setchell.

489.

Calothrix castellii (A. Massalongo) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 369. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
S: 627. 1907.

WoUe. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 255. pi. 182. f. 8-10; pi. 184. f. 35, 38-40; 187. f. 3-33. (Scytonema castellii Mass.) 262. pi. 189. f. i. 1887.
;

Plant mass spongy, cushion-shaped, widely expanded, the surface pubescent or hirsute by the projecting ends of the filaments, dull bluegreen; filaments 12-13 ic. in diameter, 4-8 mm. in length, curved, flexuous, densely crowded, sometimes agglutinated, erect, decumbent and bulbous at the base; sheaths thin, close, firm, uniform, transparent or yellowish; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, tapering into a very long hair; cells two to four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal.

Pennsylvania.
burg. (Wolle).
490.

On

shelves, walls

and flower pots

in

greenhouse. Harris-

Calothrix donnellii (Wolle) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 629. 1907. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (M a stigonema donnellii Wolle).

Plant mass caespitose, mucous, olivaceous; filaments 6-12 mic. in diameter, at the base sometimes 15-20 mic. in diameter, simple or branched, flagelliform; very gradually tapering, sometimes thin and flaccid, sometimes strong and rigid, slightly curved, densely interwoven; sheaths very thin, colorless, at first drawn out into a hair, afterwards often truncate and open; trichomes frequently interrupted; cells usually four or five times shorter

than their diameter; transverse walls distinct; heterocysts basal, rarely intercalary; cell contents pale or bright blue-green, sometimes brownish.

Pennsylvania?
491.

On wood

in salt water,

submerged. (Wolle).

Mastigonema elongatum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 53. pi. 5. f. i. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.
S. 243. pi.

174.

f.

9.

1887.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

631.

1907.

Plant mass at first somewhat spherical, afterwards frequently spindleshaped, slippery, firm, blackish green; filaments up to 6 mic. in diameter, very elongate, sometimes truncate at the apex, but generally produced into a long, flexuous, translucent hair; sheaths close, transparent, frequently truncate at the apex; trichomes sometimes strongly constricted at joints; cells short; transverse walls sometimes not visible; heterocysts somewhat
spherical.

Pennsylvania.
492.

On brook moss
fertile

in

an aquarium. (Wood).

Mastigonema
America.
1887.

Wood.
f.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North

54. pi. 5.

3.

1872.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

5: 630. 1907.

S. 244.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

272

Minnesota Algae

Plant mass caespitose; filaments up to 14 mic. in diameter, elongate, flexuously curved, not branched, truncate at the apex; sheaths moderatelyclose, firm, thick, colorless, with truncate and open apex; trichomes often interrupted; cells three to five times as long as their diameter; transverse walls sometimes distinct, sometimes inconspicuous; heterocysts spherical or
ter, cylindrical,

compressed, about as wide as the trichome; gonidia up to 4 mic. in diameoften many in series in one filament; cell contents green.
Pennsylvania. In a stagnant pool in "Bear Meadows," forming a filamentous, felty mass with other algae. Allegheny Mountains, Centre County.

(Wood).
493.

Mastigonema fibrosum (Wood) Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 244. pi. 174. f. 8. 1887. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North

America. 54. pi. S- f- 3- 1827. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 631. 1907. Plant mass light bluish green or olive; filaments lo-ii mic. in diameter, with apex prolonged into a long, hyaline hair; sheaths transparent, in the immature filament distally broad and distinct, although

below rather thick and close, in the mature filament below close, above dissolved in fibrillae and wanting at the apex; transverse walls distinct; heterocysts spherical, sometimes in pairs. Pennsylvania. In a thick jelly, with other algae, on wet dripping rocks.
hyaline,
indistinct,

Near Manayunk. (Wood).

494.

Mastigonema halos Wood. Contr.

America.
52. pi. 5.
f.

Hist.

Fresh-Water Algae North

2.

1872.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 630. 1907.

in

in

Plant mass caespitose; filaments up to 12 mic. in diameter, unbranched, mature state greatly elongate and with the sheath truncate and open, the young condition shorter and often ending in a rather short hair;
firm, rather thick, often distinctly lamellose, colorless;

.<;heaths

trichomes

7 mic.

continuous or interrupted; cells somewhat spherical; cell contents finely granular.

in

diameter,

short;

heterocysts

Connecticut. Growing in

little tufts

in salt or

brackish water. Stoning-

ton
495.

Inlet.

(Wood).

Calothrix lacucola Wolle. Fresh

Club. 8: 39. 1881;
in

Water Algae. V.

Bull. Torr.
172.
f.

Hot.
1887.

Fresh-Water Algae U.
J. 2:

S. 239. pi.

i.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Britton's Catalogue of Plants found

603. 1889.

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

De

Toni. Syll. Al-

gar. S: 629. 1907.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

13.

Plant mass floating, dull yellow or brownish; filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter at the base, very much branched; false branches somewhat spreading, not concrete, moderately tapering, with obtuse, slightly bent apices, elongate, interwoven; sheaths close, colorless or yellowish; trichomes thin, homogeneous or with distinct transverse walls; cells equal to or two or three times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts spherical, usually single at the base of the branches, equalling the trichome in diameter.
Nevir Jersey. Split

Rock Pond, Morris. (Wolle).

Myxophyceae
496.

273

Schizosiphon obscurus Dickie. Notes on some Algae found in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11: 459. f. 5. 1871.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 633. 1907.
fig.

Plate XVIII.

14.

Filaments straight, gradually tapering upwards from the large, somecell (heterocyst?); sheaths distinct, obscurely lamellose; trichomes shorter than the sheath, usually torulose throughout.

what spherical basal

West Indies ?. Forming a thin stratum on drift wood. (Mitchell). "The contents of the bottle were collected in the North Atlantic on the Z4th of November, 1867. * * * Considering our position, I concluded that the substance must have come from some part of the American continent or the
497.

West

Indies within the influence of the Gulf Stream."

233. pi.
5.

Dickie.
3.

Mastigonema paradoxum Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen.

f.

1843.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 632. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

III. Bull.

Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877.

IS.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

Filaments somewhat solitary; sheaths wide, colorless or yellowish brown, transparent, homogeneous; trichomes up to 13 mic. in diameter, simple or sometimes branched, often moniliform, flaccid or flexuously curved, long; heterocysts spherical, two to four times shorter than the diameter of the trichome.
Pennsylvania.
498.

On

wet sides of wooden water box. (Wolle).

Calothrix rhizosoleniae Lemmermann. Planktonalg. in Ergebn. ein Reise n. d. Pacific. 355. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 630. 1907.

Lemmermann.
f.

Algenfl.

Sandwich.-Inseln.

Bot. Jahrb. 34:

627.

pi.

7.

2, 3.

1905.

Filaments up to 3 mic. in diameter, slightly thickened at the base, slightly tapering at the apex; sheaths transparent, close; trichomes 2.5 mic.
in diameter; cells 1.5 mic. in length.

Hawaii. In plankton on

Rhizosolenia
Contr.
1872.

and

Hemiaulus
Fresh-Water

deli-

catulus Lemm. Between Hawaii and

499.

Laysan. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).

Hist.

Mastigonema sejunctum Wood. North America. 53. pi. 4. f. 2.

1907.

Algae

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 631.

Plant mass somewhat caespitose, soft, parasitic; filaments unbranched, tapering at the apex; sheaths usually wide and distinct, hyaline, often strongly undulate, the apex mostly much amplified and dissolved into fibrillae; trichomes continuous or more rarely interrupted; cells short or long; cell contents granular, yellowish olive or greenish; heterocysts about
equal to the filament in diameter.

little

Michigan. In bog growing on edges of minute leaves so as to form prominences or thickenings of the margin.
Mastigothrix turgida Wolle.
Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877.

Soc.

Fresh Water Algae.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

III.

Bull.
1907.

Torr.

De

5: 632.

274

Minnesota Algae

Filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter at the base, swollen, often curved; trichomes elongated into a colorless, transparent, pointed hair, with long cells; cells in basal portion of trichome somewhat quadrate, becoming when old three or four times shorter than the diameter; cell contents at first blue-green, later violet or yellowish; heterocysts compressed spherical or concave-convex.
Pennsylvania. Scattered, or in small clusters, in gelatinous coatings on

submerged timbers. (Wolle).

Genus
Plant.

DICHOTHRIX

Zanardini.
89.

Maris Rubri Enum.

1858.

Plant mass caespitose, penicillate or pulvinate; filaments

more or

less

dichotomously branched; trichomes often several (two to six) enclosed T.ithin the original sheath or common tegument; heterocysts sometimes basal, sometimes intercalary, in one species not present.
I
1

Plants living in fresh water.

Sheaths close, gradually tapering at the apex

(i)

Plants living in hot water; filaments 15-25 mic. in diameter, trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter D. montana

(2)

Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, flexuous, erect, radiating D. orsiniana

Plant mass encrusted with calcium carbonate; filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, prostrate, not rigid D. calcarea
Plants living in fresh or rarely salt water; filaments about 15 mic. in diameter; trichomes 5-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints D. baueriana

(3)

(4)

(si

Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter; trichomes 10-15 niic- in diameter, not constricted at joints D. olivacea Filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6 mic. in diameter D. compacta
Filaments 13 mic.
in

Sheaths lamellose, funnel-shaped at apex

(i)

(2)

diameter; trichomes 6.5-7.5

niic. in diameter D. meneghiniana

(3)

Plant mass usually encrusted with calcium carbonate; filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter D. gypsophila

(4)

Filaments 25-28 mic. in diameter; trichomes 10-12 mic. in diameter, bulbously inflated at the bases of the branches; heterocysts
light blue in color

D. hosfordii

II
1

Plants living in salt water.

Filaments 15-22 mic. in diameter; trichomes 7-g mic. in diameter; heterocysts basal D. rupicola Filaments 20-30 mic.
in diameter; trichomes 17-22 mic. in diameter; heterocysts basal and intercalary D. fucicola

Myxophyceae
3

275
trichomes
15

Filaments 25-35 mic. in diameter; heterocysts oblong, solitary

mic.

in

diameter;

D. penicillata

Filaments 22-30 mic.

in

ter; heterocysts basal 501.

and intercalary

diameter; trichomes 7.5-12.5 mic. in diameD. utahensis

572. 1902.

Dichothrix montana Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 645. 1907.

Plant mass expanded, blue-green; filaments 15-25 mic. in diameter; sheaths hyaline; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, sometimes constricted at joints, drawn out into a long hair; cells quadrate or longer than their diameter; heterocysts hemispherical.

Montana.

On

rocks in hot water.

D.

Lo Lo Hot

springs,

Lo
its

Lo. September
filaments are

1898. (Griffiths).

The plant closely resembles much wider and its habitat quite
thrix,
is
it

baueriana,

but

different.

cannot be included under

DichoCalothrix thermalis, and it

Being very plainly a

therefore

made

new

species.

502.

Dichothrix orsiniana (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 376. 1886. ;De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 641. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

II.

(Mastigonema orsinianum
tae Naeg.); Fresh-Water Algae U.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. Kg.); 6: 284. 1879. (S c h. c a t a r a cS.

236.

pi.

168.

f.

i,

2.

1887.

(Calo-

thrix orsiniana

Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae colCollected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 599. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. 405. 1898. Thur.).
lins.

Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.

II.

Rhodora.

7:

238.

190S.

Plate XVIII.

fig.

16.

Plant mass caespitose, made up of penicillate fascicles 2-3 mm. in height, gelatinous, dark green; filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter (in ultimate branches), flexuous, erect, radiating; false branches appressed, enclosed for

some distance in a common tegument; sheaths thick, close, soft, uniform, yellow, in lower portions becoming brownish and somewhat opaque; trichomes 6-7.5 ic. in diameter, tapering into a hair; cells shorter than their diameter; cell contents olive green; heterocysts basal.
Connecticut. Forming gelatinous tufts on rocks at the base of a dam. New York. On River, Bridgeport. July 1894. (Holden). Florida. Falls. (Wolle). Niagara River, Niagara of rocks in rapids

Pequonnock
(Wolle).
503.

Minnesota. Kenwood, Minneapolis. August 1895.

(Tilden).

Dichothrix calcarea Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 165. 1896. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 645. 1907; Some New Species of Minnesota Algae which live in a Calcareous or Silicious Matrix. Bot. Gaz. Algae collected in 23: 100. pi. 9. f. 1-3- 1897; List of Fresh-Water Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898.

MacMillan. Minnesota Plant

Life. 30, 41.

f.

8,

10.

1899.

276
Plate XVIII.
fig.

Minnesota Algae
17.

it

on surface of calcareous matrix, giving Forming pinkish brown or pale bl^ie-green tinge, or in layers throughout the
extended strata either

matrix; filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, prostrate, not rigid; false branches appressed; sheaths rather thin, not lamellose, hyaline; trichomes up to 10 mic. in diameter, for the most part constricted at joints in lower portions, tapering to a hair point; cells in lower portion of filament equal length to their diameter, shorter in upper portions; heterocysts basal, spherifilacal or depressed, equal to or a little smaller than the diameter of the

ment.

Minnesota. Together with

Chaetophora calcarea, Lyngbya

and L. n an
a,

martensiana calcarea
tion

forming the lime encrusta-

which covers

sides of

wooden

tank. Minneapolis. October 1895. (Til-

den).
504.

Dichothrix baueriana (Grunow) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 640. 1907. toc. VII. 3: 375. 1886.

zosiphon bauerianum

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879. (S c h iSetchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. Grun.). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1896. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern Fasc. 5. no. 216. 1896. Collins, Holden and SetchAmerica. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. i: 198. 1903.
ell.

WoUe. Fresh Water

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

24. no. 1169.

1904.
fig.

Plate XVIII.

18.

Filaments 15 mic. in diameter (in ultimate branches), caespitose-penicilforming a widely expanded layer up to a centimeter in thickness, flexuous; sheaths close, gelatinous, soft, uniform, transparent or yellowish; trichomes 5-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, gradually tapering into a long hair; cells shorter than or equal to their diameter; cell contents green or brown; heterocysts somewhat spherical or hemispherical.
late or

On dripping rocks or stones in running or quiet water. Near Rhode Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Orca. (Jepson). Island. Forming an uninterrupted coating on submerged limestone rocks in quiet water. Lime Rock. October 1894. (Osterhout). On stones at border of Connecticut. Round Pond, Lantern Hill, Ledyard; on lily pond. Newport. stones about edges of lake, Lake Whitney, in Hamden, near New Haven. Washington. (Setchell). Florida. On submerged wood. (Smith). West Indies. On rocks, littoral. Porto Rico. May Whatcom. (Gardner). 1903. (Howe). "The present specimens appear to be the first recorded from
Alaska.
Iliuliuk,

a strictly

marine station."

Collins.

505.

Dichothrix olivacea (Hooker) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 375- 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
639. 1907.

Maz6 and Schramm. Essai

thrix submarina
of the

West

Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 36. 1877. (C a 1 oMurray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae Crouan). Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

Myxophyceae

277

Plant mass caespitose, erect, pulvinately expanded, olive or black; filaments 12-15 i^'c. in diameter (in the ultimate branches), up to 2 cm. in
thin,

slightly flexuous; false branches very long, equal; sheaths close, uniform, hyaline or yellowish; trichomes 10-15 ^c. in diameter, not constricted at joints, tapering into a hair; cells quadrate or longer than their diameter; cell contents blue-green or olive; heterocysts basal, often

length,

in pairs.

West
506.

Indies. Guadeloupe.

(Maze).

Dichothrix compacta (Agardh?) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 378. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5.

643. 1907.

Setchell.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

III.

Erythea. 7: 45. 1899.

Plant mass caespitose; filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, up to i mm. in length, very densely aggregated, erect, penicillate; the upper false branches appressed, often included, for some distance within the common tegument; sheaths lamellose, smooth, uniform or ocreate, orange becoming brownish; ocreae dilated and torn at the apex; trichomes 6 mic. in diameter, ending in a hair at the apex; cells as long as broad, or half as long; cell contents pale olive; heterocysts basal.
California.

San Bernardino. (Parish).

"D ichothrix compacta (Ag.) B. and F. is not always readily to be distinguished from D. gy p s o p h i 1 a. It is said to resemble C a othrix parietinain every way except that it has the branching of the genus Dichothrix. It is shorter than D. gypsophila, and has the * cells of the trichome usually shorter, rather than longer, than broad. * =^ The sheaths are yellowish-brown, lamellose, more or less dilated towards the summit, but, at the very summit, are usually contracted again very
1

suddenly."

Setchell.

507.

Dichothrix meneghiniana (Kuetzing)

1907.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

641.

WoUe. Fresh Water

pi

zosiphon meneghinianus
170
f

S-7. 1887.

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879. (S c h iKuetz.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 238. WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britten's Catalogue of
J. 2:

Plants' found in

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

603. 1889.

(Calothrix

meneghiniana

Kirchn.)
Plate

XIX.

fig.

I.

or green dense tufts; Plant mass composed of small deep blue-green in the beginning, later much simple short, diameter, in mic. 13 filaments lamellose, yellow or brown in and compactly branched; sheaths distinfctly into fine fibres at the apices; trichomes torn and colorless portions, lower quadrate, or twice as short as the 65-75 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat single, about as large as the cells. usually heterocysts diameter;
Jersey. Frequent on submerged wood in fresh water. (Wolle). Florida. Forming a gelatinous stratum on old wet wood. (Smith).

New

2yg
508.

Minnesota Algae
Dichothrix gypsophila (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 377- 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. s: 642. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U.

S. 237. pi.

168.

f.

5.

1887.

(Calothrix

gypsophila

Kg.).

Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Britton's Catalogue

Weed. Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. i88g. Silicious Sinter by the Vegetation of Hot Setchell. Notes -Springs. U. S. Geol. Survey. 9th Ann. Report. 665. 1889. Tilden. American Algae. on Cyanophyceae. I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1896.
of Plants found in

New

Formation of Travertine and

Cent.

II. 12.

no. 200 B. 1896. no. 562.

II.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am.
late

Fasc.

1899.

Collins. Phycological

Notes of the

Isaac

Holden.

Rhodora.

7: 238. 1905.

Plate

XIX.

fig.

2.

Filaments caespitose, scattered or forming a somewhat continuous very often "nestling'' among filaments of Hypheotrichum and I, eptotrichum, and encrusted with calcium carbonate (calareous tufa), 15-18 mic. in diameter (in the ultimate branches), about 2 mm. in length, erect, penicillate; upper false branches appressed, included within the common tegument; sheaths thick, lamellose, smooth, orange becoming brown, finally opaque, ocreate; ocreae dilated, truncate, and torn at the apices; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, gradually tapering into a hair; cells equal to or a little longer than the diameter; cell contents green or olive.
layer,

Connecticut.

Forming gelatinous yellow masses upon rocks and small

stones about the edge of Long Pond, at Lantern Hill, in Ledyard. September 1892. (Setchell). Incrusted on limestone, shore of Housatonic River,

near Gaylordsville. October 1898. (Holden). New Jersey. Fresh Water. Florida. Adams Key. Morris; rocky shores of Lake Hopatcong. (Wolle). Wyoming. Forming a finely fibrous sinter, conJuly 1895. (Curtiss.) sisting of layers one-sixteenth of an inch to half an inch thick, each stratum resembling a very fine thick white fur. In overflow channels of geysers. Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. (Weed). Taken from wall of Excelsior crater. Weed affirms that it is due "to the growth of the little alga C alothrix gypsophil a or the young form, Mastigonema thermale." Middle Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June

1896. (Tilden).

509.

Dichothrix hosfordii (Wolle) Bornet in Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. II. Erythea. 4: 190. 1896. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V.

Bull.

Torr.

Bot.

Club.

8:

38.

1881.

(Calothrix hosfordii
169.
f.

Wolle); Fresh- Water Algae U.

4.

S. 239. pi.

1-4; pi. 170.

f.

3,

1887.

Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 215. 1896. Perforating and other Algae on Fresh-Water Shells. Erythea. II. Rhodora. 7: S: 96. 1897; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 238. 1905.
Collins.

Collins,

Holden and

Some

1408. 1907.

Myxophyceae
Plate

279

XIX.

fig.

3.

Plant mass olivaceous; filaments 25-28 mic. in diameter; sheaths wide, towards the base, colorless and hyaline towards the end; trichomes 10-12 mic. in diameter, aggregated, subdichotomously branched, bulbously inflated at the bases of the branches; branches flagelliform, tapering to a fine, colorless hair point; cells four or five times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts depressed hemispherical ("skull-cap" shaped), light blue in color.
distinctly lamellose, yellow

Vermont. Charlotte. (Hosford). Massachusetts. On pebbles. Shores Pond, Saugus. September 1893; epiphytic on flowering plants ir: shallow water, Herring Pond, Eastham, August 1907. (Collins). Connecticut. On smooth red sandstone in running water. Wintergreen Falls, Hampden, near New Haven. November 1891. (Setchell). On stones on border of pool below Factory Pond, Pequonnock River. June, July, October, November. Bridgeport. (Holden). Growing on outside surface of Unio shells. Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield County. (Setchell and Holden). New York. Growing upon submerged stones. Lake George. October 1892. Michigan. Ann Arbor. (Johnson^ (Jelyffe).
of Pranker's
510.

Dichothrix rupicola Collins. Notes on Algae. IV. Rhodora. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
958. 1902.

3:
20.

290.

no.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

i

5: 644. 1907.

Plant mass caespitose,

mm.

in

thickness; filaments

15-22

mic.

in

diameter, erect, penicillate, branched; ultimate branches flexuous, divaricate, acute; sheaths lamellose, yellow brown with dilated and lacerate ocreation

near the tip; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, terminating in a hair; cells about equal to the diameter in length; heterocysts basal; cell contents bluegreen to pale olive.

of the surf.
511.

Maine. Forming a coating on sloping rocks, exposed to the Pemaquid Point. July 1901. (Collins).

full

force

Dichothrix fucicola (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosDe Toni. Syll. Algar. toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 379- 1886.
S: 644- 1907.

Maze and Schramm.

tichonema sargassi
5-8

olive green fascicles, diameter (in the ultimate branches), erect, rigid; false branches appressed, strict, fastigiate, included for some distance within the common tegument; sheaths close, thin, uniform, hyaline or yellowish; trichomes 17-22 mic. in diameter, ending in a long hair; upper cells quadrate or one-half as long as wide, lower cells two or three times longer than wide; cell contents pale green; heterocysts
penicillate,

Algae of the West Plant mass caespitose, made up of

Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1877. (M a sMurray. Catalogue of the Marine Crouan). Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
filaments- 20-30

mm.

in

height;

mic.

in

basal and intercalary.

West

Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze).

28o
512.

Minnesota Algae
Dichothrix penicillata Zanardini. Plantarum Maris Rubri Enumeratio. 89. pi. 12. f. 3. 1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 379. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 644. 1907.
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell.

Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

2.

no.

62.

1895.
igoi.

Collins. Collins,

The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23.

Sci. 37:

242.

no. 11 12. 1903.

Plant mass caespitose, fastigiate-penicillate, scattered or gregarious, dark green; filaments 25-35 mic. in diameter, (in ultimate branches), 2 mm. in length, short, flexuous; sheaths thick, gelatinous, soft, uniform, hyaline; trichomes 15 mic. in diameter; cells shorter than the diameter; cell contents olive; heterocysts oblong, solitary.

Mexico. Gulf of Mexico. (Hooper). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Maze). In tufts at joints of Cymopolia barbata. Port Maria, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). On Dictyota dichotoma. (Pease and Butler). On Digenia simplex. Santurce, Porto Rico. May 1903.

(Howe).
513.

Dichothrix utahensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent.

Setchell.

III. no. 288. 1898.

Notes on Cyanophyceae.

III.

Erythea.

7: 45.

1899.

Plant mass impregnated with calcium carbonate, light blue-green, .5-1 cm. in thickness; filaments 22-30 mic. in diameter, generally thickened at the base; false branches appressed, included below in the common tegubrownish; trichomes ment; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless or 7.5-12.5 mic. in diameter, sometimes constricted at joints, tapering into a long hair; cells in lower portions equal to the diameter in length, in upper parts shorter than the diameter; cell contents olive green; heterocysts basal and intercalary, the former one to three in number.

Utah. Forming a calareous crust on an old board and on stones in a small stream running from a brackish pond into Great Salt Lake, one mile northeast from Black Rock, Garfield Beach. July 1897. (Tilden).

The above
in its habit of

species resembles D.

gypsophila
in

and D.

calcarea
characters;

forming a calcareous crust and

some minor

has the basal portion of the filament thickened and often shows two or three basal heterocysts. Dr. Setchel^ refers it to Calothrix parietina, but the filaments are much too large for that species, there are numerous intercalary heterocysts, and it
like
diflfers in

Calothrix scopularumit

several other important characteristics.

Genus

POLYTHRIX

Zanardini. Phyc. Indie. Pugillus. 32. 1872.

Plant mass filiform, branched, consisting of numerous filaments fascommon tegument; filaments densely crowded, branched; heterocysts terminal and intercalary.
ciculately arranged, included within a
514.

Polythrix corymbosa (Harvey) Grunow in herb. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. "VII. 3: 380. 1886. Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part. III. 109. pi. 28 B. 1858. (M icrocoleus corymbosus Harv.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 645.
1907.

Myxophyceae

281

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1016. 1903.
1875.

Plant mass caespitose, pulvinate, expanded,

made up

of rigid, fastigiate,

twisted tufts 1-3 cm. in height, dichotomously or irregularly branched; common tegument transparent or yellowish; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, tapering into a thin hair at the apex; heterocysts somewhat spherical.
Florida.

On mud

flats
i

Farlow). Forming a

turf,

near high water mark. Key West. (Harvey, cm. thick, on rocks just below low water mark.

Key West. October

1902.

(Howe).

Genus
Morfologia,
etc.

SACCONEMA

Borzi.
14: 282, 298.

N. Giorn. Bot.

Ital.

1882.

Plant mass or colony small, gelatinous, lobed or torn; common tegument lamellose, very much folded and saccate, finally dissolved at apices, containing from two to many trichomes; trichomes irregularly aggregated, somewhat caespitose; false branches short, moniliform, not coalesced;
heterocysts basal, spherical; gonidia present.
515.

Sacconema rupestre Borzi. Note alia Morfologia e Biologia delle Alghe Ficocromacee. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 14: 282, 298. pi. 16, 17. f. 9-12. 1882. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 381. 1886.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 646. 1907.

Hauck and

Richter. Phyk. Univ. no. 741. 1891.

Wittrock, Nordstedt

and Lagerheim. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no.

Plate

1309. 1896.
4.

XIX.

fig.

Trichomes 8 mic.

in diameter; heterocysts basal, spherical; gonidia 15

mic. in diameter; wall of gonidium roughened.

Massachusetts. Suntaug Lake, Tynnfield. September i8go. (Collins).

Genus ISACTIS Thuret. Essai

Plant mass
flat,

Class. Nostochinees. 11. 1885.

crustaceous, orbicular, thin, adhering by the lower the margin; filaments parallel, erect, unbranched or rarely sparingly branched; heterocysts basal; gonidia unknown.
surface,

growing

at

Filaments decumbent at base; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter I. plana Filaments slightly swollen at base; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter
I.

II

centrifuga

516.

Isactis plana

(Harvey) Thuret. Essai Cla^s. Nostochinees. 11. 1885. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.

4: 344. 1886.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

II.

5: 646. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.

Bull.

Torr.

Bot.

Club. 6:

138.

1877.

(M astigonema plana

Rab.).

Farlow. Marine Algae of

New Eng-

282
land. 39.
pi.
I.
f.

Minnesota Algae
2.

1881.

Pike.

Check List

of

Marine Algae.

Bull. Torr.
5.

Collins. Marine Algae of Nantucket. Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888.
tindale.

1888;

Mar-

Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of WoUe and Martindale. Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. N. J. 2: 603. 1889.

Marine Algae of the

New

4.

no. 156. 1896.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of

2: 42. 1900;

Marine Algae. Rhodora. Holden. II. Rhodora. 7:

New England Plants. V. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac

224. 1905.

Plate

XIX.

fig.

s.

becoming brown or black, showing dark purple tints v.'hen dried; filaments decumbent at the base, up to .5 mm. in length, crowded; sheaths close, transparent, sometimes yellowish, scarcely distinct; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, produced at the apex into a very long, thin
Plant mass green,
hair; cells shorter than their diameter; cell contents blue-green or greenish violet.

New England. Very common on rocks and on other algae, forming dark green spots scarcely raised above the substance on which it is growMassachusetts. On Fucus vesiculosus at half ing. (Farlow). (Setchell). On shells. Polpis. (Collins). tide. Cuttyhunk. August 1894. New Connecticut. On stones. Charles Island. September. (Holden). York. Wet rocks. Portage. (Wolle). On shells at and below low water mark. Cold Spring Harbor. August 1895. (Johnson). Shores of Long Island. New Jersey. On On Fucus. Fort Hamilton, Jamaica Bay. (Pike). stones and old oyster shells. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale).
Var. fissurata Bornet and Flahault.
Setchell Bot.
i:
1.

c.

345.

De

Toni.

1.

c. 647.

and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

closely

Calif.

Pub.

198. 1903.

Plant mass zonate; filaments branched,

rock-loving.

cohering;

especially

Alaska.
517.

On

stones. Captains Bay, Unalaska. (Lawson).

Isactis centrifuga
3:
16.

Bornet

in Collins.

Notes on Algae.
Setchell.

136.

1901.

Collins,

Holden and

III. Rhodora. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.

no. 757. 1900.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 647. 1907.

Plant mass up to 4 cm. in diameter, the growth marginal, the central portion of the mass becoming detached from the substratum and rounding upwards, while the margin remains closely attached, dark green or nearly black; filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter, slightly swollen at base, reaching a
length of a millimeter; sheaths firm, usually translucent, sometimes brownish and opaque; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter; cells one-third to onehalf as long as wide; heterocysts basal, spherical or depressed, rarely intercalary and spherical or elongate.

Rhode

Island.

On

soft

crumbling rocks,
1900. (Collins).

at

low water mark. Ochre

Point, Newport.

May, June

Myxophyceae
Genus

283
(Roth) Agardh. Syst. Algar.
19.

RIVULARIA

1824.

Colonies spherical, hemispherical or inflated and lobed, solid or hollow,

sometimes confluent into an

center,

indefinite

mass; filaments radiating from the

repeatedly branched; sheaths conspicuous near the base of the trichomes, near the periphery of the colony gelatinous and confluent; heterocysts basal; gonidia more or less cylindrical and elongate, not known
in all species.
I
1

Filaments flagelliform, tapering towards the apex; gonidia present

Colonies hard; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; gonidia 9-15 mic. in diameter, especially cylindrical R. pisum Colonies soft; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter; gonidia 10-18 mic. diameter, larger at the base R. natans
in

Colonies
Colonies

firm,

solid,

light

green;

gonidia

cylindrical,

^frequently

curved, about nine times as long as broad

R. incrustata

soft,

solid;

trichomes 8-10 mic. broad at the base; gonidia

R. echinulata

8-18 mic. in diameter, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved

II
1

Filaments gradually tapering; gonidia unknown

Colonies hollow
(i)

when

old

Colonies soft; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter in lower portion, R. polyotis somewhat constricted at joints

(2)

Colonies soft; trichomes 2-5 mic. in diameter, cylindrical R. nitida Colonies solid Colonies not encrusted with calcium carbonate
Plants living in fresh water
a

(i)

A
b
c

Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter Trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter

R. borealis

R. compacta
R. minutula

Trichomes

9-12.5 mic. in diameter

Trichomes continuous or
mic. in diameter

indistinctly divided; heterocysts IQ-12

R. paradoxa

B
(2)

Plants living in salt water; trichomes 2.5-5 ic. in diameter R. atra

Colonies encrusted with calcium carbonate

A
D C

Colonies hemispherical, finally confluent and forming a hard, stony crust; trichomes 4-7.5 mic. in diameter R. haematites
Colonies small, somewhat hard; trichomes 4-9 mic. R. dura

diameter

Colonies at first hemispherical, afterwards forming a gelatinous crust, indurated with calcium carbonate in the interior; trichomes 5-9 mic. in diameter R. coadunata Colonies spherical, hard; trichomes 4-16 mic. in diameter
R. bornetiana

284
Species not well understood

Minnesota Algae

R. mexicana
R. microscopica

Z minutula
Z. mollis
518.

Rivularia pisum Agardh. Syst. Algar. 25. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 366. 1886. (Gloeotrichia pisum Thur.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 653. 1907.

Wood.
1872.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 47.

pi.

2.

f.

9.

Algae. II. Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. Arthur. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. (R. echinata Eng. Bot). Some Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Fourth Bien. Report
(R.

cartilaginea Wood).

WoUe. Fresh Water

Bd. Regents. Suppl.

to be Poisonous.
1.

i.

99.

1887;
1887.

Second Report on some Algae supposed

c.

109.

(G

I.

pisum

(Ag.) Thur.).

Collins.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of 604. 1889. Saunders. ProtophytaMontana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 143. 1891. Collins, Holden Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 25. pi. 3. f. 33. 1894. Tilden. List of and Setc'hell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 311. 1897. P"resh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae Ohio. Ohio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. Collins. which cause "Water Bloom." Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 52, 56. 1903. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 238. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1310. 1905.

Plate

XIX.

fig.

6.

Colonies small, 1-2 mm., rarely up to i cm. in diameter, spherical, hard, blackish green; filaments crowded; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter, ending
in a hair; cells somewhat quadrate; cell contents olive; gonidia 9-1S mic. in diameter, 60-400 mic. in length, surrounded by a special sheath.

Massachusetts. Medford, Newton. (Farlow). On stems of flowering ConLake Quannapowitt, Wakefield. September 1906. (Collins). necticut. Floating on the surface, forming a verdigris-green scum. Twin New Jersey. Lakes, Salisbury. October 1892. (Setchell and Holden). Ohio. (Kel"Parasitic" on aquatic plants in ponds and pools. (Wolle). Michigan. Attached to leaves of water plants in marsh. Northlerman). ern part of state. (Wood). Grosse Isle, near mouth of Detroit River. SumMinnesota. Lake Phalen, near St. Paul. August mer of 1885. (Campbell). 1882; Lake Tetonka, at Waterville. July 1883; Lake Minnetonka. August 1883. (Farlow and Arthur). Abundant on water plants. Vermilion Lake. July 1886. (Arthur, Bailey and Holway). Floating on surface of water in Iowa. large quantity. Lake Minnewaska, Glen wood. August 1897. (Foss). On Utricular! a. East Okoboji Lake. July 1883. (Farlow and Arthur).
plants.

Myxophyceae
Nebraska.
of

285

On

Myriophyllum. Common
Rivularia
toc.
5:

water plants. Minden. (Saunders). Montana. On leaflets in Sand Coulee Creek. (Anderson and
natans
Sci.

Kelsey).
519.

Austriae Inferioris.

Ann.

Welwitsch. Synopsis Nostochinearum Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des NosNat. Bot. VII. 4: 369. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
17.

(Hedwig)

1836.

648. 1907.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 47. 1872. (G 1 o eRab.). WoUe. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 246. pi. 178. f. 4-20;

Wood.

otrichia angulosa
179.
f.

pi.

trichia parvula
1888.
in

Rabenhorst. Algen Europa's. no. 2539. (GloioRabenh.). Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found
10,
II.

1887.

New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 24. pi. 3. f. 32. 1894. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 80. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 214. 1896. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 242. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 569. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Ohio. Ohio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan. 1902. Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 98. 1908.
Plate

XIX.

fig. 7,

Plate

XX.

fig.

1-3.

Colonies up to 10 cm. in diameter, spherical, bullate, hollow, soft, dull olive green; filaments loosely associated; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, tapering into a thick hair; lower cells barrel-shaped, about as long as wide, upper cells shorter than the diameter; cell contents olive; heterocysts 6-12 mic. in diameter, usually spherical; gonidia without sheath 10-18 mic. in diameter, 40-250 mic. in length; external sheaths up to 40 mic. in diameter, often wide, folded and wrinkled, transparent or brownish, with

smooth

surface.

pools. Buffalo. (Wolle).

York. Attached to water plants, in attached to stones and weeds, afterv/ards floating free. Shore of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca. September 1895. (AtkinPennsylvania. son). New Jersey. In small ponds and pools. (Wolle). Ohio. (Kellerman). On water plants. Bethlehem. July 1877. (Wolle).

Rhode

Island.

(Bailey).

New When young

Minnesota. Floating near edge of artificial lake Minneapolis. August 1894; on pondweeds in pond. Woodland Park, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Central America. Among sponges. (Meek). Nebraska. Minden. (Saunders). leaves. Botanic Garden, Castleton, JaWest Indies. Under Hawaii. Forming soft brown velvety maica. April 1893. (Humphrey). masses, appearing spherical in the water, collapsing when taken out. In lower terrace water of rice field, with Chara. Aiea, Oahu. June 1900. (Til-

Nymphaea

den).
520.

Rivularia incrustata
1872.

(Wood) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 656. 1907. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 45. pi. 3. f. 4.

(Gloeotrichia incrustata Wood).

286
Tilden.

Minnesota Algae
American Algae. Cent. in Minnesota during
I.

gae colkcted

1894.

no. 8i. 1894; List of Fresh-Water AlMinn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1896.

Colonies spherical or somewhat oval, firm, solid, about the size of a very small pea, crystal-bearing, light green; filaments straight or slightly curved, produced into long hairs, not regularly articulated; apex of filament straight or slightly curved, mostly indistinctly articulate, frequently interrupted; sheaths ample, transparent, saccate, sometimes strongly constricted; lower cells in the mature filament short and generally compressed; gonidia cylindrical, frequently curved, about nine times as long as broad.

Pennsylvania. Growing attached to small water plants. Schuylkill River, Minnesota. Attached to Chara. near Spring Mills, Philadelphia. (Wood). 1-ake Minnetonka, Hennepin County. August 1894. (MacDougal).
521.

Rivularia echinulata (Smith) Bornet and Flahault. Sur la Determination des Rivulaires qui forment des Fleurs d'Eau. Bull. Soc. Bot.

de France. 31:
Farlovy.

76.

1884.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 657. 1907.

Notes on Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 224. 1883. (R. f 1 uitans Cohn); 8: 246. 1883. (Echinella articulata Ag.). Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 664. 1884. Wolle. Richter. Bot. Gaz. ig: Fresh- Water Algae U. S. 249. pi. 179. f. 4. 1887. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota 425. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setch(luring 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, i: 236. 1895. ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 311. pisum (Ag.) Thur.). 1897. (G 1. Howe. A Note on the "Flowering" of the Lakes in the Adirondacks. Torreya. 3: 150. 1903.

Plate

XX.

fig.

4.

Colonies solid, free swimming,

soft,

firm

when

dried,

.5-1.5

mm.

in

diameter, especially spherical, sometimes lenticular, straight or recurved, cylindrical, with the surface villous from the protruding trichomes; filaments radiately arranged, loosely associated; trichomes 8-10 mic. broad at
the base, ending in a long hair; lowjer cells spherical, those in the middle of the trichome quadrate, upper cells long cylindrical, the end cell pointed;
cell

in diameter,

contents showing sulphur granules or vacuoles; heterocysts 9-10 mic. oblong or spherical; gonidia 8-18 mic. in diameter, 44-50 mic.

in length, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved,

with granular contents.

York. Honnedaga Lake, Herkimer County. Altitude 2,200 feet. August; Chilson Lake, Essex County, June to August. (Smith). Minnesota. Lake Sakatah and Lake Tetonka, Waterville. (Porter). Lake Minnetonka. August 1883; Waterville, June 1884. (Arthur). Lake Minnetonka. August 1883. (Farlow). Lake Chisago, Chisago County. July 1894. (MacDougal and Anderson).

New

Note
522.

See also the two articles by Professor Arthur under R.

pisum.

Rivularia polyotis
toc.

(Agardh) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-

Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 360. 1886.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

S: 659.

1907.

Collins.

Algae from Atlantic

City, N.

J.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310.

Myxophyceae
r888. (R.

287

Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey h o s p i t a Thur.). Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: WoUe and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants 1889. Cii. Collins, Holden and found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1015. 1903.
Plate

XX.

fig.

s,

6.

Colonies up to 3 cm. in diameter, at first hemispherical, pulvinate, gregarious, finally becoming bullate, hollow, soft, dull blackish green; sheaths wide, lamellose, ocreate, funnel-shaped, dilated, the outer layers confluent into an amorphous gelatin, becoming yellowish brown with age; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter in lower portion, above 8-13.5 mic. in diameter, somewhat constricted at joints, tapering into a thick hair; lower cells about twice
as long as their diameter, upper cells twice as short as the diameter.

New
Florida.

d a),
523.

On roots of Spartina and on oyster shells. (Morse). pneumatophores of the black mangrove (Avicennia nitijust above low water mark. Key West. October 1902. (Howe).
Jersey.

On

Rivularia nitida. Agardh. Dispositio

1887.

Algarum

Sueciae. 44. 1817. Bornet

and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 357.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:

661. 1907.

cata
13:

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 38. 1881. (Rivularia p 1 iPike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. Carm.). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and 106. 1886.

Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. Rand and Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 260. 247. 1894. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine 1897. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 571. Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. 1902. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac HolPub. Bot. 1 198. 1903. den. II. Rhodora. 7: 224. 1905.
Collins. Algae.

Colonies up to 3 cm. in diameter, spherical or expanded, plicate-corrugate, soft, hollow, olive green; filaments crowded; sheaths close, narrow, scarcely distinct, in the lower portion of the filament expanded, transparent
2-5 mic. in diameter, cylindrical, ending in long hair; lower cells three or four times longer than their diameter, upper cells shorter; cell contents olive. Alaska. On mud near high water mark. St. Michael. (Setchell). Canada. In stream attached to roots of higher plants. Minnesota Seaside Station, Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. July 1901. (Leavitt Maine. On woodwork, rare. Nova Scotia. (Collins). and Crosby). Massachusetts. On mud and New Hampshire. (Collins). (Collins). Spartina roots. Cohasset Narrows; Wood's Holl. (Farlow). On woodwork. Wellington, Medford. October 1892. (Collins). On roots of Spartina. Quamquisset Harbor, Falmouth. July and August 1891. (Setchell).

or yellowish

brown; trichomes

a very thin, very

Rhode

Island. (Collins).

Connecticut.

On bank

of outlet. Fresh Pond.

New York. Prince's Bay, Staten Island; July to September. (Holden). Canarsie. (Pike). Bay, Jamaica Island, Long shores of

288
524.

Minnesota Algae
Rivvilaria

borealis

P.

Richter. Heft. 42.

distrikt. Bib. Bot. 7:

5: 664. 1907.

Siisswasseralgen aus dem UmanakDe Toni. Syll. Algar. 4. f. i. 1897.

Plate

XX.

fig.

7,

8.

Colonies up to

.5

mm.

in diameter,

small, spherical or hemispherical,

gregarious, sometimes confluent into an indefinite mass, soft, not indurated

with calcium carbonate; filaments up to 200 mic. in length, loosely associated; sheaths in the interior of the mass close, those near the periphery expanded, narrow at the apex, diffluent with age; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, ending in a hair; lower cells depressed, shorter than the diameter, upper cells quadrate; heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, spherical.

Greenland.

On submerged
in a lake.

plants and especially on

(Vanhoflfen).

Myriophyllum

epiphytic
525.

a,

Umanak.

Rivularia compacta Collins in Collins,

Bor.-Am. Fasc.
10. 1899.

11.

no. 508. 1898;

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Notes on Algae. I. Rhodora. i:

Colonies spherical
lime, smooth, minute,

or

somewhat

spherical,

firm,

seldom over 2 mm.

in diameter,

not encrusted with dark green or blackin

ish; filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter, closely

packed; sheaths more or less

diameter,

expanded above, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 6-10 mic.

constricted at joints, tapering gradually to a hair-like termination; cells

about as long as broad below, one-third to one-quarter as long above;

heterocysts basal, spherical or oblong.

Massachusetts.

On

stones, shore of Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells. Sep-

tember

1890. (Collins).

Connecticut. Norwich. (Setchell).

1

This species "resembles R. m i n u t u a (Kuetz.) Born. & Flah., but the thalli are much firmer, and not at all encrusted with lime; the trichomes are slenderer, and the filaments more densely packed. In some particulars (De Not.) Born. & it agrees with the description of R. beccariana Flah., Revis. des Nost., part 2, p. 56; but the latter has more slender trichomes, with longer articulations and much narrower sheaths."- Collins.

526.

Rivularia minutula (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 348. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
672. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 38. 1881. (R. radians minutula Kirchn.). Stalker. Report on the Waterville Cattle Disease. Fourth Bien. Rep. Bd. Regents Univ. of Minn. Suppl. I. Rep. Dept. Agric. Univ. of Minn. 105, 108. 1887. (Limnactis minutuCollins. Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. (R. radians la Kuetz.). Thur.). Richter in Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum. Part III. II.
389. 1898.

Plate

XX.

fig.

9.

Colonies up to 8 mm. in diameter, spherical or hemispherical, sometimes confluent, soft or indurated with calcium carbonate, blue-green or brownish; filaments loosely associated; sheaths 27 mic. in thickness, wide.

Myxophyceae

289

lamellpse, ocreate, hyaline or brownish; ocreae funnel-shaped, dilated above;

.9-12.5 mic. in diameter, gradually tapering into a thick hair with short cells; lower cells somewhat quadrate, upper cells three or four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts oblong or hemispherical.

trichomes

Massachusetts. Spot Pond, Stoneham. (Collins). Minnesota. "Very abundant, covering the surface of the lake for a considerable extent. The natives consider it to be grass seed washed into the lake." July 1880. (Hobbe). Iowa. In West Okoboji Lake, Dickinson County. (Stalker). Montana. On water plants. 1874. (Kuntze).
527.

Rivularia paradoxa

(WoUe) De
II. Bull.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 672. 1907.

Fresh Water Algae.

Torr. Bot. Club.

6: 138. 1877.

Wolle. (Z o n oc.

trichia paradoxa Wolle); Fresh Water

Algae. III.

1.

184.
fila-

Colonies hemispherical, gelatinous, bright blue-green; younger ments flagelliform, older ones often contracted in the middle, or narrow below and gradually widened more than half the length, then tapering to a fine point (filaments of the latter form are usually much longer, double

continuous or indistinctly divided; quadrate to three '/imes as long as wide, very variable; cell contents >.Tanular, green tinged with brown; heterocysts 10-12 mic. in diameter.
the length of the former); trichomes
cells

Pennsylvania. Wolle.
528.

Rivularia atra Roth.

Catalecta
5: 664.

Botanica. 3:
1907.

340.

1806.

Bornet 'and

Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 353. 1886,

De
(,2.

Toni. Syll. Algar.

Hist.

North America. 50. 1872. Farlow. List Marine Algae United Farlow. Marine Algae of States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 321. New England. 38. pi. 2. f. 2. 1881. Farlow. Notes on 1883. (Rivularia hemispherica (L.) Aresch).

Wood. Contr.

Fresh-Water Algae
Rab.).

onotrichia minutula

Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz.

8: 224. 1883.

Pike.

Check List

of

Marine

Collins. Marine Algae of Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue Nantucket. 5. 1888. Martindale. of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. i88g. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Anderson. List of California Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i: 91. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand and Marine Algae, with Notes Zoe. 2: 218. 1891. Rosenvinge. Redfield's Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894. Les Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894

RosMedd. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England om Groenland. 20: 121. 1898. Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900; Phycological Notes of tho Borgesen and Jonsson. late Isaac Holden. II. Rhodora. 7: 224. 1905. The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the North ernmost Part of the Atlantic. Bot. Faeroes. App. XXV. 1905.
Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am.

Fiasc. 8. no. 357. 1897.

envinge. Deuxieme

Memoire

sur les Algues Marines du Groenland.

Plate

XX.

fig.

10.

Colonies up to 4

mm.

in diameter, spherical, solitary or -confluent,

dark

290

Minnesota Algae

green; filaments crowded; sheaths close, narrow, scarcely distinct, above widened, hyaline or yellowish; trichomes 2.5-5 mic in diameter, ending in a thin hair; lower cells scarcely longer than the diameter, upper cells shorj;er; cell contents blue-green.

Greenland. In upper part of

ous, but in small numbers.
lik,

littoral

zone on sheltered coasts, gregari-

West

coast; Baffin Bay, at Tessarmiut,

part.

Amera-

(Borgesen and Jonsson). Eastern Canada. On rocks and other part, south of 70 lat. N. (Rosenvinge). New England. Coma^gae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull). mon along the whole coast, on stones, algae and stalks of S p a r t i n a. Maine. Common in upper tide pools. (Collins). Se4 Wall. (Farlow). Massachusetts. On shells in (Holden). New Hampshire. (Collins). harbor; on sides of rock pools, Marblehead, August 1897. (Collins). Connecticut. On turf of S p a r t i n a. Charles Rhode Island. (Collins). New York. Shores of Long Island. Hell Island. September. (Holden). New Jersey. Marine. On stones. Atlantic Gate, Flushing Bay. (Pike). City. (Martindale). California. Common. On stones, algae and other material. (Anderson).
Pikitsok. (Kjellman).

Western

De

Var. confiuens (Kuetzing) Bornet. Les Algues de Schousboe. Toni. 1. c. 666.

29.

1892.

Colonies confluent forming a layer or mass.

Maine.
necticut.

On ground between tide marks. Cape Rosier. July On turf of Spartina roots. Charles Island, near
(Holden).

1897.

Con-

Milford. Sep-

tember
529.

1896.

Rivularia haematites (DC.) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 26. 1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 350. 1886.

De Wood.
Bull.

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 668. 1907.

notricha parcezonata Wood).

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 49. 1872. (ZoWolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877. (Zonotrichia haematites

Rabenh.). Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. (Zonotrichia fluviatilis Kuetz.). Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. (Rivularia calcarea Eng. Bot.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in
603.

New

Jersey. Geol. Surv. N.

J.

2:

1889.

(Isactis fluviatilis

(Rab.)

Kirchn.).

Saunders.

Pro-

tophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 25. pi. 3. f. 31. 1894. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1896. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 289. 1898; Observations on some West American Thermal

Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 96.

pi. 9.

f.

6-9. 1898.

Plate

XX.

fig.

11-14.

crust,

Colonies hemispherical, finally confluent and forming a hard, stony up to a centimeter in thickness, green or olive in color, blue-green
dried,

when
or

zoned

in the interior; filaments dense;

fragile,

sheaths close, hyaline

rarely

yellowish,

strongly

refringent,

shaped, dilated; trichomes 4-7.5 mic. in

above ocreate, funneldiameter, ending in a very long

Myxophyceae

291

hair; lower cells twice as long as the diameter, those in the middle of ths trichome quadrate, the upper ones half as long as wide.

Arctic Regions. "Forming firm, gelatinous bosses on pebbles in running water." In streams from a lake, winter-quarters. 82 27' N., 61 22' W. Canada. Forming a calcareous crust on botton of ditch. Natural (Moss).

Sulphur Springs,

Banfif,

Alberta. 13 August 1897. (Tilden).

New

York.

Forming a slippery grayish, or grayish flesh-colored coating on rocks kept wet and glistening with foam and spray. "Cave of the Winds," Niagara Falls. (Wood). "Growing on rocks as glossy blackish, very hard and
slippery fronds or masses, which varied in size from that of very small

New Jersey. Rocky shot to nearly half an inch in length." (Wood). Pennsylvania. Stones. Susmargins of Green Pond, Morris. (Wolle). quehanna River. (Wolle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the Nebraska. Minden. (SaunDetroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Colorado. Forming a reddish crust upon dripping rocks. Bridal ders). Veil Falls, Williams Canon, near Manitou. (Setchell).
530.

Rivularia dura Roth. Neue Beitrage zur Botanik. 273. 1802. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 3471886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 674. 1907.

Wood.
1872.

(Dasyactis mollis Wood).

f.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 50. pi. 4. f. 5. Campbell. Plants of the Detroit

River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886.

S.

Wolle. Fresh- Water Algae U.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode. Island. 114. 1888. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. (R. radians Thur.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britten's Catalogue of Plants found in New Mackenzie. A Preliminary List Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889.
249. pi. 179.
1-3.

1887.

of
7:

Algae collected in the Neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish 270. 1890.
Bull, for 1902. 22: 392.
1903.

Comm.

Plate

XX.

fig.

IS.

Colonies small, 5 mm. in diameter, somewhat hard, indurated with calcium carbonate, blackish green; filaments dense; sheaths close, not lamel-

uniform, hyaline; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, ending in a long, very thin hair; lower cells equal in length to the diameter, upper ones almost three times shorter than wide; cell contents blue-green, sometimes changing to violet when dried. Massachusetts. (ColCanada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie).
lose,
lins).

New Jersey. AtRhode Island. Not uncommon. (Bennett). Ohio. Plankton. Lake Erie. tached to aquatic plants in ponds. (Wolle). Michigan. Attached to water plants in a small bog Put-in-Bay. (Snow). near mouth of Carp River in northern part of state. (Wood). Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell).
531.

Rivularia coadunata (Sommerfelt) Foslie. Contributions to Knowledge of the Marine Algae of Norway. II. Tromsoe Mus. Aarsheft. 14: 21. 1891. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.

292
Bot. VII. 4: 352. 1886. (R. Syll. Algar. 5: 667. 1907.
Collins.

Minnesota Algae

biasolettiana

Menegh.). De Toni.

Notes on New England Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 69. Setchell. Notes on some (Rivularia warreniae Thur.). Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 427. 1895.
1882.

Collins, Holden and American Algae. Cent. II. no. 166. 1896. Tilden. List of FreshBor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 358. 1897. Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. Studies. 2: 27. 1898. Collins, Holden and Setchell. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 860. 1901. Tilden. AmeriAlaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northcan Algae. Cent. VI. no. S7o. 1902.

Tilden,

Setchell. Pliyc.

western America. Univ.

Calif.

Pub. Bot.

l:

198.

1903.

Plate

XX.

fig.

16, 17.

Colonies at

first

hemispherical, afterwards expanded into an olive or

blackish, gelatinous, crustaceous, cushion-like layer, 2^8

mm.

in

thickness,

indurated with calcium carbonate in the interior; filaments about 18 mic. Ill diameter, approximate; sheaths wide, lamellose, colorless or yellowish, or showing transverse zones, ocreate; ocreae dilated, funnel-shaped; trichomes 5-9 mic. in diameter, ending in a very thin, long, flexuous hair; lower cells a little shorter than the diameter, the upper ones one-third as long as broad; cell contents blue-green; heterocysts oblong, basal, one to three,
rarely intercalary.

Alaska.

On
of

dripping rocks, on roots,

etc.,

in fresh

or brackish water.
of creek, Iliu-

West shore
liuk,

Amaknak

Island,

Bay

of Unalaska; at

mouth

Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Forming minute, hard, dark bluish green thalli, 1-3 mm. in diameter, which finally become agglutinated into iiollow, indefinite masses. On rocks in freshwater streams. Juneau; Glacier Canada. On sandstone rocks just above high tide, but Bay. (Saunders). submerged or at least washed by waves during storms. Minnesota Seaside Station, Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. December 1901 (Tilden). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Growing on a rock, above high water mark but where the spray formed little pools in rough weather. Marblehead. September 1881; in moist places just above high water mark. Marblehead. June 1901. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. Occurring in fairly typical form in perfectly fresh water. Gardner's Lake. Eastern part of the state. (Setchell). South Dakota. On rocks at edge of lake. Big Stone Lake. October 1895. (Griffiths). Washington. East Sound, Orcas Island. (Gardner). California. On dripping vertical faces of the cliff, just above high water mark. Carmel Bay, Monterey County. December 1896. (Nott and Setchell).
532.

Rivularia bornetiana Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 426. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. s: 666. 1907.

Collins,

Holden and

Setchell. Phyc.

Bor.-Am. Fasc.

4.

no.

157.

1896.

Myxophyceae
Collins. Preliminary Lists of

293

New

England Plants.

V.

Marine Algae. Rho-

dora. 2: 43. 1900.

Colonies

mm.

to

more than

a centimeter in diameter, solid, spherical,

sometimes coalescing into a cylindrical mass S-8 cm. long, rather firm, deep bluish black when young, later becoming light olive green or pale yellow, not incrusted with lime; filaments 8-20 mic. in diameter, radiating from
the center, flexuous in older colonies; sheaths wide, conspicuous, colorless

brown in color, very much lamellose and ocreate above; trichomes usually 4 mic. in diameter, occasionally reaching 16 mic, very torulose when young, very little so when older; terminal hairs long and slender in
to deep

jounger
five

plants, almost wanting in the older ones; cells from one-half to times as long as broad; transverse walls distinct in younger trichomes, very obscure in older specimens; cell contents provided with a few scattered granules, light blue; heterocysts 6-8 mic. in diameter, basal, depressed spherical or ellipsoidal in shape.

Nova
Ihalli

Scotia.

(Holden, Setchell).
in

Rhode
brackish

Island.

on

Ruppia maritima
September

water.

Forming globular Watch Hill Pond,

Watch
533^

Hill.

1892. (Setchell).

Rivularia mexicana
1865.

(Kuetzing)

Rabenhorst.
S: 676.

Fl.

Eur. Algar. 2: 222.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar.

1907.

Colonies

soft, gelatinous,

somewhat

spherical or irregular, pale green,

at first attached, finally floating free; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, loosely entangled, flagelliform, tapering into a golorless hair at the apex.

Mexico. In stagnant water. (Miiller).

534.

Rivtilaria

Sutherland's microscopica Dickie. Notes on the Algae. Journal of a Voyage in Baffin's Bay and Barrow Straits in the Years 1850-51. 2: 193. 1852. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 677. 1907.
322.

Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea.

1883.
a.

com press Growing on Enteromorpha Arctic Regions. American Arctic Sea; Assistance Bay and "other localities." (Dickie).
535.

Zonotrichia minutula America. 50. 1872.

Colonies very small, not impregnated with calcium carbonate, blackish green; internal filaments very distinctly fasciculately branched; sheaths thick, ample, often pale orange brown, with their apices mostly colorless, torn and open; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter; cells short; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, ovate
soft,

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 675. 1907. somewhat spherical, not distinctly zoned, rather

to spherical.

New York. Forming very small, blackish green, subglobo'se masses, attached to mosses. Clear Pond, Adirondack Mountains. (Wood).
536.

Zonotrichia mollis Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 48. pi. 4- f- 3- 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 675. ,1907.

Colonies somewhat hemispherical, gregarious, often confluent into mammillose stratum, somewhat soft, grey or flesh-colored, slightly

294

Minnesota Algae

zoned; filaments up to 4.2 mic. in diameter, very long, narrow, flexuous; sheaths close, colorless, firm, not fibrous; trichomas up to 2 mic. in diameter, often interrupted; transverse walls visible; cells equal to up to four times longer than broad; heterocysts single, spherical.

New

York.

On

dripping rocks. Cave of the Winds, Niagara. (Wood).

Genus

BRACHYTRICHIA

Zanardini.

Phyc. Indie. Pugillus.

Colonies at
filaments

24. 1872.

like

first solid, finally becoming hollow, made up of Nostocembedded in gelatin; filaments flexuously curved, parallel, above tapering and drawn out into a hair at the apex, very much branched; sheaths distinct in the young filaments, tubular, finally becoming confluent and invisible; heterocysts intercalary, arranged without any order.

537.

Brachytrichia quoyi (Agardh) Hornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 373. 1886. De Torii. Syll. Algar.
5: 680. 1907.

laria

Farlow. List of the Marine Algae of the United States, is. 1876. (Ri vuBornet in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am. nitida?). Bor. Exsicc. no. 45. 1876. (Hormactis farlowii Born.) in Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 39. pi. 2. f. I. 1881. (Hormactis quoyi Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. (Ag.) Bornet). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and 13: 106. 1886. Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, i 91. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton's Catalogue of Plants found in New Hauck and Richter. Phyk. Univ. Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Schiveley. Hormactis quoyii. Proc. Phil. Acad. 1890: 497. no. 681. 1890. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 1197. 1893. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Ease. i. no. 8. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rho; :

dora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plate
Colonies up to 5
ent, blackish green.

XX.

fig.

18.

cm.

in diameter,

plicate-expanded and buUate, conflu-

F u c u s at half tide. Wood's Holl. (FarFalmouth; Wood's Holl. July 1892. (Collins). Forming bladders on stems of old Fucus vesiculosus L. Quamquisset Harbor, FalNew York. Shores of Long Island. mouth. August 1890. (Setchell).
Massachusetts. Growing on
low).

Greenport. July.
ifornia. Pacific

(Pike).

New

Jersey. Atlantic

City.

(Morse).

Cal-

Ocean. (Grunow).
Families and Genera not well understood.

Genus

ASTEROTHRIX

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 20Q. 1843.

Filaments very rigid, nude, with cuspidate, obtuse or acute ends, somewhat genuflexuous, branched at right angles; transverse walls usually indistinct; propagation unknown.

Myxophyceae
538.

295
S.

Asterothrix creginii Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. f. 22-25. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 683. 1907.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888.
Plate

322.

pi.

209.

XX.

fig.

19, 20.

Eilaments 2-4 mic.

off

in diameter, short, pale blue-green;

at

right

angles,

cross-like;

trichomes

often

branches given moniliform; transverse

walls usually evident.

Rhode

Island. Pocasset. (Bennett).

Kansas. Norton. (Cregin).

Genus

GONIOTRICHUM

Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 244. 1843.

Colonies erect, filamentous, dichotomously or rarely unilaterally branched; filaments at first unbranched, finally branched, by the repeated division of cells at right angles; branches more or less regularly branched; cells showing a central star-shaped chromatophore, a central pyr'enoid, and an eccentric nucleus; cell walls diffluent into a gelatinous mucus which forms a thick, gelatinous envelope surrounding each cell.
I

Colonies filamentous,

solid,

gelatinous,

occasionally branched
G. humphreyi

II

Filaments single or associated in rose-red bundles (colonies), usually G. elegans thickened at the base, tapering above
I

539.

Goniotrichum humphreyi Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. 421. 1898; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 251. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 688.
1907.

Colonies filamentous, solid, gelatinous, occasionally forking or dividing

into several branches, the terminal portion consisting of a single series of cells, the older part containing numerous cells irregularly placed near the

surface of the filament; lateral branches abundant, simple, issuing nearly at a right angle, composed of a single series of cells.

West

Indies.

On woodwork

of

wreck.

St.

Ann's Bay. March

1893.

(Humphrey).
540.

Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Zanardini. Notizie intorno alle Cellulari Marine delle Lagune e dei Litorali de Venezia. Atti R. 1st. Ven. I. 6: 6g. 1847. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 687. 1907.
Collins.

The Algae

of Jamaica. Proc.
.3-6

Am. Acad. Arts

Sci. 37: 251. 1901.

Filaments 20 mic. in diameter,

ing, rarely

mm.

in length, single or associated

in rose-red bundles or colonies, usually thickened at the base,

above taperunbranched, often somewhat dichotomously branched; cells 7-10 mic. in diameter, in one or many series, spherical or elliptical; cell contents violet or reddish changing to green.

296
Canada. In tufts
Island. (FauII).
t

Minnesota Algae

onChondrus
Indies.

crispus. Malpeque, Prince Edward

other algae on

West

Among

Lauren cia

o b-

s a.

Near Kingston. (Duerden.).

Genus

ASTEROCYTIS
St.

Gobi. Kurzer Bericht Algol. Excur.

Petersb. Gesellsch. Nat. 10: 93. 1879.

Colonies erect, filamentous, branched; cells ellipsoid, irregularly arranged, reproduction by means of non-motile, naked gonidia; sexual reproduction unknown.
.

541.

Asterocytis ramosa

Summer
Gesellsch.
Collins.
18:

1878
d.

(Thwaites) Gobi. Kurzer Bericht iiber die im ausgefuhrte Algologische Excursion. St. Petersb. Naturf. 10: 93. 1879. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S; 690. 1907.

336.

Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Biill. Terr. Bot. Club. 1891. (G o n o 1 1 i c hu m ramosum (Thwaites) Hauck).
i

Plate

XX.

fig.

21.
.

It;

Filaments 12-20 mic.

lead-colored
fascicles;

in diameter, i-io

mm.

long, associated in green or

branching

somewhat dichotomous

or

unilateral;

cells 5-8 mic. in diameter, 8-20 mic. in length, in a single series, cylindrical-

rotund or elongate;

cell

contents lead-colored or green.

Massachusetts. In small quantity

among

other algae. Quincy. (Collins).

Genus

GLAUCOCYSTIS

Itzigsohn

in

Rabenhorst.

De Algen Europas.

no. 1935. 1866.

Cells elliptical, oval, rarely elongate-elliptical, associated in

spherical

or elliptical, microscopical families of

from two to eight

cells,

surrounded

by a
first

colorless, thin and soon diffluent common tegument; cell contents at blue in color, finally displaying a blue-green or green chromatophore; reproduction by division of cells in one direction.
542.

Glaucocystis nostochinearum Itzigsohn in Rabenhorst. De Algen Europas. no. 1935. 1866. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 693. 1907.

Lagerheim. Ueber einige Algen aus Cuba, Jamaica and Puerto-Rico.

Bot. Notiser. 199. 1887.

Plate

XX.

fig. 22.

Cells 10-18 mic. in diameter, 18-28 mic. in length, solitary or in families

of

from two to eight

cells;

families elliptical or
cell

somewhat

spherical;

cell

contents light blue-green or green;

walls thin.

West

Indies. Fajardo, Porto Rico. (Sintenis, Moebius).

Genus

PORPHYRIDIUM

Naegeli. Gatt. Einzell. Alg. 139. 1849.

Plant mass irregularly expanded, thin, gelatinous, crustaceous; cells numerous, spherical or more or less angular by compression; cell contents reddish purple, with a central pyrenoid and an eccentric nucleus; individual

Myxophyceae

297

sheaths at first thin, becoming thick, finally diffluent into a gelatinous mucus; reproduction by cell division in all directions.
543.

Porphyridium cruentum (Agardh) Naegeli.

4.

Gatt. Einzell. Alg. 139. pi.

1849.

De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 697. 1907.

Sci.

Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.

1908.

14: 9.

Plate

XX.

fig. 23.

Plant mass often widely expanded, membranaceous, mucous, of a dark red color, sometimes becoming greenish; cells 6.5-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or angular by mutual pressure; cell contents reddish purple.

Iowa. (Buchanan).

Family

II.

CRYPTOGLENACEAE

Plants unicellular, blue-green, floating free in water; vegetative cells eloval or almost wedge-shaped, bearing two cilia of equal length, not motile; cell walls thin, close, colorless; chromatophores disc-shaped, adherliptical,

ing to the wall, enclosing somewhat spherical pyrenoids.

Genus CRYPTOGLENA Ehrenberg. Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. zu Berlin. 150. 1832.

Cells

marked by

a conspicuous red

pigment spot;

cell

wall often sepa-

rated from the protoplasm, forming a sac.

544.

Cryptoglena americana Davis. Notes on the Life History of a Bluegreen Motile Cell. Bot. Gaz. 19: pi. 11. 1894. De Toni. Syll. Algar. S: 700.
1907.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of

New
XX.

England Plants.

V.

Marine Algae.

Rhodora.

2:

41.

1900.

Plate

fig.

24, 25.

Motile cells S-6 mic. in diameter, 8-10 mic. in length, broadly elliptical, hyaline on one end, slightly truncate, with a depression from which arises a pair of cilia of unequal length, the longer one about as long as the cell is wide; cell contents blue-green, with six to ten disc-shaped chromato-

phores arranged around the periphery, and with one or two bright red pigment spots placed on the periphery, near the middle of the cell; non
motile cells 6-7 mic.
in

twos and fours

in a closely

diameter, 7-9 mic. in length, arranged in groups of packed Polycystis-like colony, almost imiformly

colored blue-green, with six to ten disc-shaped chromatophores and one or two brownish red pigment spots near the middle of the cell at the periphery; nucleus near the middle of the cell.

Massachusetts. On stems of grass and larger algae. Salt marshes of thf Charles River, Cambridge. Autumn. (Davis).

GLOSSARY
Adherent, clinging to, or united with Adnate, touching closely or broadly Agglutinated, glued together Aggregated, forming a mass or collection, but not cohering
Cilium
cilia), one of the vibraprocesses protoplasmic which serves to propel zoogonidia through the water
(pi.
tile,

Amorphous, structureless Anastomose, to run together like manner

Circinate, rolled from the Clathrate, with openings

end
like

lattice

in a net-

work
Clavate, club-shaped Coalesced, grown together, united Coalescence, the complete union similar things

Angular, having angles; sharp cornered Apex, the end opposite the point of attachment; tip Appressed, pressed closely against Approximate, near, about Aquatic, living in water Arachnoid, cobwebby Articulate, jointed with cells Asexual, without sex
Base, the point of attachment Brackish, somewhat salty Bulbous, with a bulb Bullate, swollen Bullose, swollen
Caespitose, in tufts or dense bunches Calcareous, composed of or containing lime Calyptra, a cap or lid Capitate, furnished with a globose

of

Collateral, side by side, secondary Colony, a group of independent cells surrounded by a common investment; a mass of plants of more large less definite shape, or enough to be detected by the

head Carneous, fleshy

Cartilaginous, firm and tough like cartilage Catenate, joined in a continuous series; in a chain Cell, a closed sac, surrounded by a wall of cellulose, containing protoplasm and a single nucleus Cell sap, the watery fluid of a cell which separates from the protoplasm as one or more vacuoles Cell wall, the membrane enclosing the cell contents Cellulose, the cell wall substance of

naked eye Concentric, with a common center Confluent, growing or running together Conidium, gonidium; gonidium a which is abstricted from the apex of a stalk Constricted, narrowed in certain places Contiguous, near or in contact Contorted, twisted Contractile, able to contract Convolute, rolled together Coriacious, leathery, tough Crenate, wavy Crisped, curled Crustaceous, crust-like Cuspidate, pointed, with a tooth

Decumbent, lying down

Deliquescent, dissolving-

Dense, crowded together Depressed-globose, globular, with the

poles slightly flattened

Dichotomous, two-forked; furcate Dichotomy, division into two branches

plants Centrifugally, from the center Centripetally, toward the center Chlorophyll, the green coloring matcontained in plants) leafter

Diffluent, dissolving Disc, any flat circular area Disc-shaped, flat and circular

Dissepiment, cross wall

Distal, pertaining to the

green

apex

Chromatophore,
a

a plastid,

contammg

Divaricate, spreading

coloring matter

Diverging, separating

300
Eccentric, without a common center Elongate, lengthened, very long Endophyte, a plant living within another organism, usually as a parasite

Minnesota Algae
the general appearance or characteristic manner of growth of a plant Habitat, the locality or region, or the kind of situation in which a plant is naturally found Heterocyst, a cell uniformly larger than its neighbors, but of doubt-

Habit,

Entire, not toothed Epiphyte, a plant growing upon the outside of another plant, but not

nourished by

it

Equilateral, with equal sides

ful function Hirsute, with coarse hairs

'

Family, a mass of plants of microscopic size and somewhat definite shape quite evidently arising from
the division of a single cell Fascicle, bundle Fasciculate) in bundles Fastigiate, tapering to a point

in character or substance. Host, a plant which supports a parasite (or an epiphyte ?) Hyaline, clear and colorless, transparent

Homogeneous, uniform

Immersed, sunken below the surface

Impregnated, filled with Indurated, hardened Inequilateral, with unequal sides
Inflated, swollen
,,,

Fenestrate, window-like Fibrillae, little threads

Fibrillose,

made

up of small fibers

Fibrous, of fibers Filament, the trichome together with its sheath; a fine thread Filamentous, thread-like, composed of filaments Filiform, thread-shaped
in division which the cell separates into two nearly equal portions, especially as a mode of reproduction Flaccid, soft, flabby

Integument, any outer covering

Intercalary, inserted between Intricate, tangled, involved Inundated, flooded

Investment, a covering
Laciniate, torn

Fission,

splitting;

cell

Flagelliform,

whip-like

Flexuous, flexible Floccose, composed of matted, woolly

hairs

Lacunose, hollowed Lamelliform, plate-like Lamellose, with plates or blades Lenticular, lens-shaped Lubricous, slippery, slimy

Lumen,

cavity

Flocculent, woolly Foliaceous, leaf-like Foliose, leaf-like

Mammillate,
ple-like

mammillose,
projections

with

nip-

Gelatinous, jelly-like Geminate, paired Geniculate, bent abruptly like a bent

Mammilliform, nipple-like Marginal, at the edge Membranaceous, papery

Moniliform, chain-like Motile, able to move
Mucilaginous, jelly-like
Multicellular, of several to

knee
Genuilexuous, bent abruptly Glaucous, sea-greeri, gray-green Globose, like a ball Globular, spherical or nearly so

many

cells

Gonidangium, the cell nidia are produced

in

which go-

Nodule, a little knot or lump Nucleus, a differentiated round

Goriidium, a reproductive cell developed asexually; a specialized reproductive cell capable by itself, of giving rise to a new organism.

body embedded plasm of a cell

oval

in

or the proto-

Granular, with granules Granule, a small grain Granulose, with granules Gregarious, growing in association, but not matted together

Obovate, ovate, but with the point of attachment at the lower end Ocrea, a sheath Ocreated, sheathed
Orbicular, circular Oval, elliptical Ovoid, egg-shaped

Grumose, grumous,
grains

like

a cluster of

Pannose, ragged
Papillose, with a little point or nipple

'

Glossary
Parasite, a plant that lives on or in

301
Refractive,
refringent, bending or turning aside as a light ray Reniform, kidney-shaped Reproduction, the development of one or more new organisms from the whole or from a part of the protoplasm of a parent organism

some other organism from which

it derives its nourishment for the whole or a part of its existence Parenchyma, the soft, thin-walled cel-

lular tissue of plants Pedicel, a small or delicate supporting stalk Pedicellate, stalked Pellucid, clear Penicillate, like a brush

Rotund, round Rugose, furrowed, roughened

Saccate, sack-like

Periphery, edge
a blue pigment contained in the chromatophores of the blue-green algae Pigment spot, a specialised mass of cytoplasm permeated by a red coloring matter, present in the motile cells of many algae; eye-spot Piliferous, bearing hairs Pilose, hairy Plant, in the coccogoneae a single cell; in the hoemogoneae a single trich-

Phycocyanin,

Segment, one

of the parts into which an object is naturally divided Septate, divided by partitions

ome

"

Seriate, in a row Sessile, without a stalk Sheath, a gelatinous, usually tubular, envelope surrounding a plant Silicious, containing silica Sinuate, snake-like, twisted Sinus, a gulf or indentation Spatulate, shaped like a spoon Spherical, ball-like

Plant mass, the usually shapeless mass of individual plants remaining in close proximity to each other after their formation, either because nothing occurs to separate them or because they are definitely held together by a gelatinous
excretion Plicate, folded or ridged Polar, at the end

Spongiose, spongy
Stellate, star-like Stratified, in layers Stratum, a layer Striated,' having fine markings Sub, slightly, somewhat

Submerged, sunken
surface on which the plant grows Superposed, placed one above another

Substratum,

Polygonal, many-sided Polyhedral, many-angled

Tegument, covering
Tenacious, firm, tough Terebriform, screw-like Terminal, end
Terrestrial, growing on the ground Thallus, a plant-body without true root, stem or leaf; used incorrectly instead of "plant mass" Tomentose, closely hairy

Polymorphous, of many forms

Proliferated,

grown out

Protoplasm,

the viscid, contractile, semiliquid, more or less granular, substance that forms the principal portion of an animal or vegetable
cell
flat,

Prostrate,

lying

down
like

Pseudo-parenchymatous,

paren-

chyma
Pubescent, finely hairy
Pulverulent, powdery Pulvinate, cushion-like Punctate, dotted

Punctiform, dot-like
Pustular, like a swelling Pyrenoid, a small colorless mass of proteid substance seen in many algae, which may be regarded as

Tortuous, twisted Torulcse, chain-like Trichome, the entire number of cells of a multicellular plant, not including the sheath Truncate, cut off abruptly Tuberculate, tuberculose, warted Tubular, tube-like
Ultimate, last, end Uncinate, hooked at the end Undulate, wavy
Unicellular, one-celled Unilateral, one-sided

reserve material

Quadrate, square,

in fours

Radial, pertaining to a radius, as of a circle or sphere Rectilinear, straight

Vacuole, a cavity in the protoplasm of a cell containing a watery

fluid

302
Ventricose, a swelling out on one side or in the middle Verrucose, warted Vesicle, a small bladder-like cavity

Minnesota Algae
Vesicular, bladdery Villous, long hairy

Zonate, disposed in the form of zones

The proper terms to be used in connection with the bluehave not yet become definitely established. The terms and definitions given in this treatise are merely provisional, in case better ones can be found. Some difficulty has been experienced with the terms: "'plant mass," "colony," "family," "thallus," etc. The definition of each, as the author conceives the meaning, is given in the glossary. Plant mass, the usually shapeless mass of individual plants remaining in close proximity to each other after their formation, either because nothing occurs to separate them or because they are definitely held together by
Note:
green
algae
a gelatinous excretion

Colony, a mass of plants of more or less definite shape, large enough to be detected by the naked eye Family, a mass of plants of microscopic size and somewhat definite shape,
quite evidently arising from the division of a single cell Plant, in the coccogoneae a single cell; in the hormogoneae a single trichome.

In the latter case it may be thought better by some to consider "plant" and "filament" as synonymous terms.

ERRATA
Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page
8,

after line 26 insert Plate

I,

fig.

26, line 23, for

Hansirg read Hansgirg

27, line 27, for

39, line 37, for

APHANACAPSA

read

APHANOCAPSA

52, line 35,

Coelosphaerium read COELOSPHAERIUM for smaragdinus read smaragdina

olivaceus read olivacea

52, line 37, for

54, line 38, for

55, line 4, 55, line
16,

smaragdinus read smaragdina

2.

for olivaceus read olivacea

after

insert 1904.

III, line 18, for 115, 122,

129,

130,
140,

Chondrocystic read Chondrocystis line 19, for sublilis read subtilis line 44, for symplocoides read symplocoidea after line 25, insert Plate V. fig. 48. before first line, insert Plate V. fig. 49 first line, for 1-4 read i

160, line 3, after capitata insert (E.

West

Jun.)

168, line 25, for depresed- read depressed-

Harpswell. read natus. Harpswell sack read sac 181, line 9, before N. insert ( 191, line 18, for climbing read clinging 265, first line, for Indies read Indies
170, line 18, for natus
180, line 32, for

Lists of

Hosts and Associates

Mussels 137

Amphiroa 54 Anodonta 137

Anthoceros i6g Avicennia nitida 287

Mya

arenaria 237

AzoUa

caroliniana 195

Balani 49

Myrica cerifera 233 Myriophyllum 285 Myriophyllum epiphytica 288 Nemalion multifidum 261

Bartramia fontana 132 Bartramia ithyphylla 132

Nuphar

239, 240

Nymphaea

285

Batrachospermum vagum 266

Bostrychia tenclla 263
Celtis 221

Odonthalia 54

Oedogonium

56
'ii

Ceramium rubrum 55 Chaetomorpha aerea 117

Chaetophora calcarea 276
Chantransia 50

Ostraea virginiana

Chara 68, 234, 286 Chondrus crispus 295 Cladophora 18, 46, 56,
264

116,

149,

177,

Cladophora expansa 185, 257 Conferva sandvicensis 166 Cycas revoluta 164, 165

Parmelia saxatilis 22 Phragmites 270 Pithophora affinis 113, 267 Plocamium coccineum 55 Polysiphonia 55, 84 Polysiphonia fastigiata 53 Punctaria plantaginea 258

Cymopolia barbata 280

Dasya arbuscula 261

Dictyota dichotoma 280 Digenia simplex 280

Ranunculus aquatilis 227, 228 Rhizoclonium 183 Rhizoclonium riparium 50 Rhizoclonium riparium validum 49
Rhizosolenia 202, 273

Enteromorpha 48, 70, 115, 264 Enteromorpha compressa 293 Enteromorpha intestinalis 53,
257

Rhodochorton 50 Rhodochorton rothii 50 Ruppia 90, 122, 136, 187, 257 Ruppia maritima 99, 188, 293
54, 115,

Sargassum 54
Scirpus I2S, 269 Spartina 137, 193, 287, ago

Fucus 54, 294 Fucus evanescens Fucus vesiculosus

Galaxaura 260 Gelidium 54, 70

54, 204 282, 294

Spermothamnion
Sphacelaria

50

Sphagnum
Gigartina 54 Gomontia holdenii 52

50, 53 138, 151

Spirorbis 94

Stereocaulon 249

Taxodium distichum 250

Turbinaria 104, 202
202, 273

Hemiaulus delicatulus

Iridaea laminarioides 54

Ulya 257, 264 Unio 209

Utricularia
8,

Juniperus bermudiana 226

199, 284

Laurencia obtusa 295

241 Liagora coarctata 204 Littorina 209

Vaucheria

116, 267

Leucobryum

Zostera 17, 120, 122, 124, 136, 193, 265 Zostera marina 193, 204

INDEX
acervatus
78

Wood

(Sirosiphon) 248
60.

amethystea

Kolderup

Rosenvinge

acuminata Gomont (Oscillatoria)

(Pleurocapsa) 47, 48

adscendens (Naeg.) Born, and Flah.

(Calothrix) 255, 267 aegagropila Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 230 aeruginea (Kuetz.) Thur. (Calothrix)
254, 261

amphibia Ag. (Oscillatoria) 59, 73 Amphithrix Kuetzing 252, 253 amplissimum Setch. (Nostoc) 164, 180 amplum W. and G. S. West (Scytonema) 212, 221

amoena (Kuetz.) Gom.

60, 77

(Oscillatoria)

aeruginea Kuetz. (Mastigothrix) 266 aerugineo-caerulea (Kuetz.) Gom.

amorpha Berk. (Dasygloea) 154 amorpha (Thwaites) Wolle (Microcoleus) 154

(Lyngbya) 109, 116 aerugineum Kirchn. (Mastigonema)

266

Anabaena Bory

161, 185

aerugineum
42

Breb.

(Merismopedium)

var. violaceum Rab. 42 aerugineum n. sp. (Stigonema)

244,

245

aeruginosa (Kuetz.) Henfr. (Clathrocystis) 37

anguiformis Harv. (Microcoleus) 155 anguina Mont. (Lyngbya) 124 anguina Bory (Oscillatoria) 59, 68 angulosa Rab. (Gloeotrichia) 285 angustissima W. and G. S. West (Oscillatoria) 60, 76 animalis Ag. (Oscillatoria) 60, 79 antillarum S. and M. (Hormosiphon)
168

aeruginosa (Carm.) Kuetz. (Gloeocap18 aeruginosa C. Ag.

sa)
14,

(Lyngbya) 120 aeruginosum (Kuetz.) Kirchm (Mastigonema) 266 aeruginosus Naeg. (Synechococcus)
II, 95,

140

aestuarii

(Mertens) Liebm. (Lyngbya) no, 115, 120 forma aeruginosa Wolle 120

Gom. 122 natans Gom. 122 symplocoidea Gom. agardhii Gom. (Oscillatoria)
limicola
141

forma forma forma forma forma

aeruginosa. (Ag.) Wolle 123 ferruginea Gom. 123

antillarum Crouan (Lyngbya) 168 antillarum Crouan (Oscillaria) 64 antillarum Crouan (Symploca) 129 antliaria Juerg. (Oscillaria) 100, 107 Aphanizomenon Morren 161, ig6 Aphanocapsa Naegeli 2, 27 Aphanothece Naegeli 2, 29 aponina Kuetz. (Gomphosphaeria) 38 var. cordiformis Wolle 39 aquatilis Sauv. (Synechocystis) 10

arachnoidea Crouan arachnoidea Kuetz.

127

(Lyngbya) 125 (Lyngbya) iii,

122,
58, 62

agglutinata Crouan (Lyngbya) 135 aikenensis Wolle (Hypheothrix) 139,

arboreus W. and G. S. West (Hapalosiphon) 238, 241 arcangelii Born, and Flah. (Scytone-

alatum Berk. (Petalonema) 225 alatum (Carm.) Borzi (Scytonema)

212, 225

ma) 211, 213 arcticum Harv. (Nostoc) 171 arenaria (Hass.) Rab. (Gloeocapsa)
13, 16 arenaria (Berk.)

De Toni (Hypheo-

alpina Clements and Shantz (Eucapsis) 4S

thrix)

139,

143

(Nostoc) t8i ambigua (Naeg.) Gom. (Fischerella)

alpinum
242

Wood

arenaria arenaria

Gom.

(Schizothrix) 143 (Kuetz.) Rab. (Lyngbya)

13s argillaceus

Wood

(Sirosiphon) 245

ambigua Naeg. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 22 forma fusco-lutea Naeg. 22 ambiguum Gom. (Phormidium) 92,
103

ambiguum Kuetz. (Scytonema) 242 ambiguum Naeg. (Symphyosiphon)

242

armorica Thur. (Nodularia) 182, 184 Arthrospira Stizenberger 57, 85 articulata Ag. (Echinella) 286 Asterocytis Gobi 296 Asterothrix Kuetzing 294 atlantica Gom. (Symploca) 128, 129
atra

Roth (Rivularia)
confiuens

283, 289

americana Davis (Cryptoglena) 297

var.

(Kuetz.)

Born. 290

3o8
atrata
14,

Minnesota Algae
(Turp.)
19

Kuetz.

(Gloeocapsa)

Aulosira Kirchner 161, 202 aureum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 165 aureus W. and G. S. West (Hapalosiphon) 238
austini Wolle (Inactis) 147, 149 austinii (Nostoc) 163, 17s austinii Wood (Scytqnema) 212, 220

byssoidea Hass. (Hassallia) 233 var. cylindrica Tilden 233 byssoidea (Hass.) Kirchn. (Tolypothrix) 229, 233

Wood

forma cylindrica Tilden 233, 243 forma saxicola Grun. 233 byssoideum Ag. (Scytonema) var. corticale Mont. 220
caeruleo-violacea Crouan (Leibleinia) 119 caeruleo-violacea Crouan (Lyngbya) III, 127 caeruleum Lyngb. (Nostoc) 163, 177 caespitosa Born, and Flah. (Hyella) SI, 209 caespitosa (Kuetz.) Wolle (Isactis) 269 forma tenuior viridis Rab. 267 caespitosum Kuetz. (Mastigonema)

Wood (Symphyosiphon) 220 autumnale (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium)

austinii

107 azollae Strasb. (Anabaena) 187, 195

93. 94,

azureum Tilden (Scytonema)

212, 216

badium Wolle (Scytonema) 212, 225 battersii Gom. (Plectonema) 206, 211
baueriana (Grun.) Born, and Thur. (Dichothrix) 274, 275, 276 bauerianum Grun. (Schizosiphon) 276 beccariana (De Not.) Born, and Flah.
(Rivularia) 288 biasolettiana Menegh. (Rivularia) 292 bicolor Crouan (Lyngbya) 1 11, 125 bicolor Wood (Lyngbya) 127 bonnemaisonii Crouan (Oscillatoria) 59, 68
borealis Rab. (Symploca) 129, 132 borealis Richt. (Rivularia) 283, 288 bornetiana Collins (Anabaena) 186,
19.=;

269
calcarea Tilden (Dichothrix) 274, 275, 280 calcarea Tilden (Gloeocapsa) 13, 17 calcarea Eng. Bot. (Rivularia) 290 calcicola (Ag.) Rab. (Hypheothrix) 96, 138, 139 calcicola Kuetz. (Leptothrix) 139 calcicola Gom. (Schizothrix) 139 caldaria (Tilden) Setchell (Pleurocapsa) 8, 47 caldaria Tild. (Spirulina) 86, 8g caldarium Setchell (Scytonema) 211, 215 calida P. Richter (Calothrix) 255, 268 calidarium Wood (Nostoc) 163, 175

bornetiana 292
212,

Setchell

(Rivularia)

283,

bornetianum Wolle (Symphyosiphon)

227

boryana Bory (Oscillatoria) 61, 83 bostrychicola Crouan (Lyngbya) 118

botryoides (Kuetz.) Kirchn. (Protococcus) forma caldarius Tilden 47 Brachytrichia Zanardini 253, 294 brandegei Wolle (Sirosiphon) 244,
251

calidum Gom. (Phormidium)

Calothrix Agardh
calotrichoides 210 calotrichoides 223 calotrichoides
13s
17,

93,

105
206,

252, 254

Gom. (Plectonema)
Kuetz,

(Scytonema)

braunii

brandegei Wolle (Scytonema) 224 Born, and Flah. (Calothrix) 2SS, 269 braunii Kuetz. (Hapalosiphon) 239 braunii Naeg. (Hapalosiphon) 239

Wood (Scytonema) 222 cantharidosma Mont. (Lyngbya) 134,

cantharidosmus
(Mont.)

Gom. (Hy-

braunii Gom. (Schizothrix) 153 brebissonii Kuetz. (Calothrix) 207 brebissonii Kuetz. (Capsosira) 251 (Hapalosiphon) brebissonii Kuetz. 239 breviarticulata W. and G. S. West (Calothrix) 255, 267 brevis Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 60, 79 var. neapolitana' (Kuetz.) Gom. 80 brunnea Naeg. (Aphanocapsa) 28, 29 bullosa Wolle (Hypheothrix) 139, 141 bullosa Wolle (Leptothrix) 141

drocoleus) 135 capitata W. West Jun. (Oscillatoria) 59, 70, 160 Capsosira Kuetzing 237, 251 carmichaelii Harv. (Sphaerozyga) 192 carneum Ag. (Nostoc) 162, 167 cartilaginea Wood (Rivularia) 284 castagnei (Breb.) Rab. (Aphanothece)
30, 31 castellii (A.
.

Massalongo) Born, and

Flah. (Calothrix) 255, 271 castellii Mass. (Scytonema) 271

Catagnymene Lemmermann
cataractae cataractae

58,

159

Nae?.

Wood

(Schizosiphon) 275 (Scytonema) 224

Index
catenatum Ralfs
198, 201

309
(Cylindrospermum)
confervicola

(Roth)

Ag.

(Calothrix)

(Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Anabaena) 186, 191 var. americana Collins 192 centrifuga Bornet (Isactis) 281, 282 cesatiana Rab. (Oncobyrsa) 45 chalybea Mert. (Oscillatoria) 61, 82 var. genuina Collins, Holden and
Setchell 82

catenula

and Flah. 257 confervoides Reinsch (Anabaena) 187,

I9S

254, 256, 26s var. purpurea Born,

confervoides C. Ag.
119

(Lyngbya)

no,

chalybea (Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizothrix)

IS2

Chamaesiphon Braun and Grunow

55

46,

forma violacea Collins 120 confluens Naeg. (Gloeothece) 25 congesta Crouan (Lyngbya) 120 congestum Rab. (Phormidium) 118, 158 conglomerata Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
14,

18

Chamaesiphonaceae

2,

46
60, 75

chlorina Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) Chlorogloea Wille 3, 46

Chondrocystis Lemmermann 2, 24 Chroococcaceae i, 2 Chroococcus 2, 3, 31 Chroothece Hansgirg 2, 12 chrysochlorum KuiCtz. (Scytonema)

217

consociata (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah; (Calothrix) 254, 257 contarenii (Zanard.) Born, and Flah. (Calothrix) 254, 259 contarenii Collins (Calothrix) 262 contortum Wille (Trichodesmium) 84, 85 convolutum Breb. (Merismopedium) 42, 44
corallicola Crouan (Oscillaria) 123 corallinae Gom. (Oscillatoria) S9, 7o coralloides Kuetz. (Sirosiphon) 250

chthonoplastes

(Fl.

Dan.),Thur. (Mi-

crocoleus)' 155 cincinnata Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 214

cincinnatum Thur. (Scytonema) 214 cinereum Crouan (Scytonema) 216 cinereum Menegh. (Scytonema) 219 circinalis Rab. (Anabaena) 186, 190 cladophorae n. sp. (Lyngbya) 109,
116 Clathrocystis Henfrey
coactile
var.
3,

coriacea 142

Kuetz.

(Hypheothrix)

139,

forma meneghinii Kuetz. 142 coriacea Gom. (Schizothrix) 142 coriacea (Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizothrix)
142

Z7

cerium (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium)

loi

92,

Mont. (Scytonema) 211, 213 radians Crouan (Scytonema)

213

coadunata (Sommerfelt) Foslie (Rivularia) 283, 291

cortex Wolle (Scytonema) 221 forma ravenelii Wolle 221 cortex Wood (Scytonema) 216 cortiana Menegh. (Oscillatoria)
71, 81

61,

Coccogoneae

Coelosphaeriopsis Lemmermann 3, 41 Coelosphaerium Naegeli 3, 39 cohaerens (Breb.) Naeg. (Chroococcus) 4, 9 collinum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 169

corymbosa (Harv.) Grun. (Polythrix)

280

corymbosus Harv. (Microcoleus) 280

crameri Brugg.
creginii

(Sirosiphon) 247

comatum Wood
197, 198

(Cylindrospermum)
162, 165
163,

Wolle (Asterothrix) 29s

(Gloeocap47,
157,

crepidinum (Rab.) Thur.

sa) 14, 20

comminutum Kuetz. (Nostoc) commune Vaucher (Nostoc)

var.

171

crepidinum Collins (Pleurocapsa)

49

(Berk, and CurBorn, and Flah. 173 tis) comoides (Harv.) Gom. (Hydrocoflagelliforme
leus)
1.34

crispum (Ag.) Born. (Scytonema)

211, 214, 26s

cristatum Bailpy (Nostoc)

181
91,

compacta

(Ag. ?) Born, (Dichothrix) 274, 277

and

Flah.

crosbyanum Tilden (Phormidium)

compacta Crouan (Lyngbya) I2t compacta Collins (Rivularia) 283, 288 concharum Hansg. (Pleurocapsa) 47 conchophilum Humph. (Scytonema)
211, 213

96 cruenta Grun. (Oscillatoria) 60, 80 cruentum (Ag.) Naeg. (Porphyridi-

um).296
Crustacea Thur. 255, 264
(Calothrix)
50,

204,

conferta Richt. (Aphanothece) 29, 30 conferta Crouan (Calothrix) 217

forma prolifera (Flah.) Collins 262 forma simulans Collins 26s

310
crustaceum Ag. (Scytonema)
var. incrustans
212, 226 (Kuetz.) Born, and

Minnesota Algae
duplex Wolle (Spirulina) 87, 90 dura Roth (Rivularia) 283, 291
echinata Eng. Bot. (Rivularia) 284 echinulata (Smith) Born, and Flah. (Rivularia) 283, 286 elabens (Menegh.) Kuetz. (Microcystis) 33. 35 elabens Kuetz. (Polycystis) 35 elachista W. and G. S. West (Aphanocapsa) 27, 28 elegans (Chauv.) Zanard. (Goniotrichum) 295 elegans A. Br. (Merismopedium) 42, 43 elegans Ag. (Oscillatoria) 96 elegans Kuetz. (Scytonema) var. antillarum Crouan 213

Flah. 226 crustaceus Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon) 226 crustifprmis Naeg. (Schizosiphon) 269

cryptarum Farl. (Chroothece ?) 12 Cryptoglena Ehr. 297 Cryptoglenaceae 297 cupressophila Wolle (Anabaena) 184,
187,

195

curtus Setchell (Synechococcus) 11 curvatus Nordst. (Chamaesiphon) 55, S6 curviceps Ag. (Oscillatoria) 59, 67 cuspidata W. and G. S. West (Symploca) 14s cuspidata (Symploca) 203 cuspidatum (.W. and G. S. West) De

ellipsosporum
toc)
162,

(Desm.)
168

Rab.

(Nos256,

Toni (Symplocastrum) 144, 145 var. luteo-fusca W. and G. S. West

(Breb.) Born, and Flah. (Nostoc) 161, 164 cyanea Crouan (Lyngbya) iig cyanescens Crouan (Scytonema) 222
145 cuticulare

elongatum
271

Wood

(Mastigonema)

enteromorphoides Grun. (Hormothamnion) 205 Entophysalis Kuetz. 2, 23 epiphytica West and West (Calothrix) 2SS, 26s

Cyanophyceae i cycadearum Reinke (Anabaena) 164 Cylindrospermum Kuetz. 161, 197

cystifera

(Hass.)

Rab.

(Gloeothece)

Liebm. (Lyngbya) 124 erythraeum Ehr. (Trichodesmium) 84 Eucapsis Clements and Shantz 3, 45
erosa
farlowii Born. (Hormactis) 294 fasciculata Ag. (Calothrix) 234, 262 forma incrustans Collins 262 fasciculata (Naeg.) Grun. (Inactis) 147 fasciculata Gom. (Schizothrix) 147, 148

26

Dasygloea Thwaites 58, 154 decorticans A. Br. (Chroococcus) 4, 8 densum (A. Br.) Born. (Scytonema)
212, 227

depressum Wood (Nostoc) 163, 177 Dermocarpa Crouan 46, 52 Desmonema Berk, and Thwaites 206,
(Oscillaria) 98 Dichothrix Zanard. 252, 274 diffusa Farlow (Oscillaria) 61 digueti Gom. (Lyngbya) 109, iis dillwynii Hass. (Calothrix) 23s Diplocolon Naeg. 206, 236 distincta (Nordst.) Schmidle (Lyngbya) 109, 113 distorta (Hofman-Bang) Kuet^. (Tolypothrix) 229, 231 distorta var. (Tolypothrix) 230 donnellii (Wolle) (Calothrix) 256, 271 donnellii Wolle (Mastigonema) 271 donnellii Wolle (Microcystis) 33, 34 dubia Wartm. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 23
Stiz.

favosum (Bory) Gom. (Phormidium)

93, 104 fenestralis Kuetz. 16

detersa

(Gloeocapsa)

13,

ferruginea C. Ag. (Lyngbya) 109, 120,

123

ferruginea G.
fertile

S.

West (Lyngbya)

114

CMastigojiema) 256, 271 fibrosum (Wood) Wolle (Mastigone-

Wood

ma)

256, 272

figuratum Ag. (Scytonema) 223 Fischerella (Born, and Flah.) Gom.

237, 242

Wood

flaccida Crouan (Leibleinia) 261 flaccida Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 231 flavo-viride (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Scytonema) 212, 222

dubia (Naeg.) Gom. (Symploca)

.131

129,
39,

flexuosum
193

Rab.

(Cylindrospermum)

dubium Grun.
40

(Coelosphaerium)

dubium

Wood

(Scytonema)

212, 227

flexuosus Borzi (Hapalosiphon) 238 flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb. (Anabaena) 186, 189

Index
flos-aquae
(Linn.)

311
Ralfs

(AphanizoFlah.

gelatinosum
169

Schousb.

(Nostoc)

162,
59,

menon) 196
var. treleasei Born, and var. circinalis Kirchn. 190

190

geminata Menegh.
74, 75

(Oscillatoria)

flos-aquae

(Wittr.)

Kirchn.

(Micro-

cystis) 33/35 fluitans Her. (Lyngbya) iii, 127 fluitans Cohn (Rivularia) "286 fluviatilis (Rab.) Kirchn. (Isactis)

290

Kuetz. (Zonotrichia) 290 foliaceum Moug. (Nostoc) 163, 171 fontana Huber and Jadin (Hyella)
fluviatilis

gigantea Wood (Anabaena) 190 gigas W. and G. S. West (Gloeocapsa) 14, 20 glacialis Dickie (Tolypothrix) 229, 235 glauca Wolle (Anacystis) 35 Glaucocystis Itzig. 296

SI,

52

fontana Crouan (Lyngbya) 125

glaucum (Ehr.) Naeg. (Merismopedium) 42, 43 var. fontinale Hansg. 44

Gloeocapsa Kuetz.
gloeophila
2, 13

forma crassior Crouan 126

(Ag.) Born. (Hapalosiphon) 238, 239 var. tenuissimus (Grun.) Collins and Setchell) 240 formosa Bory (Oscillatoria) 60, 80
fontinalis

(Kuetz.) thrix) 139, 140

2,

Rab.
25

(Hypheo-

Gloeothece Naeg.

foveolarum (Mont.) Gom. (Phormidium) 91, 94 fragile (Menegh.) Gom.. (Phormidium) 91, 93 fragile (Kuetz.) De Toni (Symplocastrum) 144
(Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizothrix) 144 friesiana Kuetz. (Symploca) 146 (Schizothrix) 146 friesii Gom. friesii (Ag.) Kirchn. (Symplocastrum) 144, 146 froelichii Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 65 fucicola Saunders (Dermocarpa) 52, 54 fucicola (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Dichothrix) 274, 279 fuliginosa Hauck (Pleurocapsa) 47, 48
fragilis
.

163, 177 glutinosa A. Br. (Oscillaria) 136 glutinosus (Ag.) Gom. (Hydrocoleus) 134, 136

glomeratum Kuetz. (Nostoc)

golenkinianum
206, 210

Gom.

(Plectonema)
85,

gomontiana Setch. (Arthrospira)

86

Gomphosphaeria Kuetz. 3, 38 Goniotrichum Kuetz. 295 gracile Kuetz. (Scytonema) 224, 232
gracilis gracilis

Rab. (Calothrix) 269 (Menegh.) Rab. (Lyngbya)

155 gracillima Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 76 granosa (Berk.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)

13,

89, no, 117 gracilis Hass. (Microcoleus)

15

fuliginosum Tilden (Scytonema) 212,

granosa Rab. (Gloeothece) 15 granulosa Kuetz. (Entophysalis) 24 graveolens Crouan (Lyngbya) 132 grevillei (Hass.) Rab. (Aphanocapsa)
27,

(Lyngbya) 120 fusca (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Calothrix) 25s, 265

22s fulva Harv.

28

grisea Thur. (Microchaete) 203, 204

guadelupensis Crouan (Hydrococcus)

181

fusca Crouan (Lyngbya) 125 fusca Wolle (Mastigonema) 266 (Hapalosiphon) Kuetz. fuscescens 239 fuscescens (Kuetz.) Rab. (Symploca)
129, 131

guadelupensis
181

Crouan

(Oncobyrsa)
(Tolypothrix)

guadelupensis 213
guttula

Crouan

Wood

(Sirosiphon) 249

fusco-lutea (Naeg.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19

guyanense (Mont.) Born, and Flah. (Scytonema) 212, 220

gypsophila Kuetz. (Calothrix) 278 gypsophila (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Dichothrix) 274, 277, 278, 280 haematites (DC.) Ag. (Rivularia) 283, 290 haematites Rab. (Zonotrichia) 290 Haliaracbne. Lemm. 58, 160 hallensis (Jancz.) Born, and Flah.

fusco-lutea Naeg. (Gloeothece) 25, 27 (Oscillatoria) Crouan fusco-rubra 136 (Calothrix) Crouan fusco-violacea 254. 258

gelatinosa gelatinosa
18

Wood

(Anabaena)

187, 196
14,

Kuetz.

(Gloeocapsa)

(Anabaena)

i86, 188

312
halophila
41

Minnesota Algae

Lemm.

(Coelosphaeriopsis)

Hydrocoleus Kuetz. 57, 134 hydrurimorpha Crouan (Oscillaria)

129

Wood (Mastigonema) 256, 272 Hapalosiphon Naeg. 236, 237 harveyana (Tliwaites) Thur. (Noduhalos
laria) 99, 182, 184

Hyella Bornet and Flahault 46, Si Hypheothrix Kuetzing S7. 138

ichthyoblabe Kuetz. (Microcystis) 33, 34 icthyoblabe Kuetz. (Polycystis) 34

hawaiensis Lemm. (Schizothrix) 150 hawaiensis (Lemm.) De Toni (Inactis)

147, ISO

hawaiiensis Tilden (Nodularia) 182, 184 hederulae Menegh. (Nostoc) 164 helveticus Naeg. (Chroococcus) 4, 8 hemisphaerica (L.) Aresch. (Rivulflria) 289 heppii Naeg. (Diplocolon) 236 heppii (Naeg.) Wolle (Scytonema) 236 herbacea Kuetz. (Hypheothrix) 139, 140 herbacea Kuetz. (Leptothrix) 141 heterotrichus Kuetz. (Hydrocoleus)
134.

immersutn
228 imperator

Wood

(Scytonema;

212,

Wood (Oscillaria) 62 Inactis Kuetzing S7. 146 inaequalis (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah.
(Anabaena)
186, 191

138

hindsii

Mont. (Trichodesmium) 84

hinnulea Wolle (Beggiatoa) 140 hinnulea (Wolle) De Toni (Hypheothrix ?) 138, 140 hinnulea (Wolle) Tilden (Lyngbya) 140 hirtulus Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon) 228 hirtulum (Kuetz.) Rab. (Scytonema) 212, 228 hofmanni Ag. (Scytonema) 212, 216 forma brunnea Wolle 217 var. calcicolum (Hansg.) 217 var. symplocoides (Reinsch) Born. and Flah. 217 hofmanni Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon) 216 holdenii Tilden (Hydi-ocoleus) 134, 137
holdenii De Toni (Lyngbya) 109, 115 homoeotrichus Kuetz. (Hydrocoleus)
134, 137

incrustans Grun. (Chamaesiphon) S5 incrustans Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon) 226 incrustata Wood (Gloeotrichia) 285 incrustata (Wood) De Toni (Rivularia) ^83, 28s incrustatum (Naeg.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 99 var. cataractarum (Naeg.) Gom. 100 incurvus Allm. (Trichormus) 189 indica Crouan (Calothrix) 220 informe. Kuetz. (Stigonema) 244, 249 interrupta Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 121 interruptum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 92, 102 intertextum (Kuetz.) Rab. (Scytonema) 212, 219 intracellularis J. Schm. (Richelia) 201 intricatum Menegh. (Nostoc) 166
intricatus

West and West (Hapalo92,

siphon) 238, 241 inundata Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 100 inundatum Kuetz. (Phormidium)
100
Isactis Thuret 253, 281 itzigsohnii Born. (Gloeocapsa) 22

Hormogoneae

i,

56

hormoides (Kuetz.) Hornet and Flah. (Stigonema) 244 var. rhizodes (Kuetz.) Hansg. 24s var. tenue West and West 245

janthina
var.

(Mont.) Born, (Amphithrix) 253

torulosa
(Grun.)

and
Born.

Flah.

an4

Flah. 2S3

Hormothamnion Grun.

161,

204

hosfordii Wolle (Calothrix) 278 hosfordii (Wolle) Born. (Dichothrix) 274, 278 hospita Thur. (Rivularia) 287 humifusum Carm. (Nostoc) 162, 170 humphreyi Collins (Goniotrichum) 29s hyalina Harv. (Lyngbya) iii, 128 hyalina Kuetz. (Schizothrix) 150, 151 Kirchn. (Micro(Kuetz.) hyalinus coleus) 128, 151 hydnoides Kuetz. (Symploca) 129 var. fasciculata (Kuetz.) Gom. 130 var. genuina Gom. 130

janthina Naeg. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 22 javanicum (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Scytonema) 212, 218 var. hawaiiense Lemm. 218 jenneri (Kuetz.) Stiz. (Arthrospira)
8S jenneri Kuetz. (Spirulina) 85

joannianum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 106 Juliana (Menegh.) Born, and Flah.

(Calothrix) 254, 2s6 iulianum Rab. (Phormidium) 114 julianum Menegh. (Scytonema) 216 junipericolum Farl. (Scytonema) 212, 226

Index
kerneri Hansg. tcuetzuigianum

313
(Xenococcus)
ISi

aeg.

49, 50 (Coelospnaeri-

littoralis

Carm. (Oscillatoria)

121

umj 39, 40 kuetzmgii schraidle (Lynbya)

kuntzei 2oe
var. distincta (Nordst.) Lemm. 113 P. Richter (.Calothrix) 255,

lacucola WoUe (Calothrix) 256, 272 lacustns (A. Jrfr.) De Toni (Inactis) 147, 14s var. caespitosa Gom. 148 lacustris (Kab.) Farlow (.Microcoleus) 157 lacustris A. Br. (Schizothrix) 148 lacustns Kab. (Sirosiphon) 250 laetevirens Crouaii (Oscillatoria) 60, 78
laete-viridis

lobatus Wood (Nostochopsis) 251 (Mastichothrix) longissima Crouan 266 lucifuga Breb. (Symploca) 146 lunata W. and G. S. West (Gloeothece) 25, 26 luridum (Kuetz.) Gom. (Phormidium) 91, 95 lutea (Ag.) Gom. (Lyngbya) 53, 109, 114 luteo-fusca Ag. (Lyngbya) 118, 119 luteo-fusca Crouan (Lyngbya) 123 Lyngbya C. Ag. 50, 57, 108, 215 lyngbyei Kuetz. (Chthonoblastus) 156 lynbyaceum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 132 lyngbyaceus Kuetz. (Hydrocoleus)
134,

13s

Gom.

(Symploca)

129,

130 lagerheitnii (Mob.) 106, III

var. a Gom. 136 var. p rupestre Kuetz. 136

Gom. (Lyngbya)
macrococcus
coccus)
3,

(Kuetz.)
S

Rab.

(Chroo-

(Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 96, 98 forma weedii Tilden 97 laminosus (Kuetz.) Hansg. (Hapalosiphon) 238, 240, 241 lanata (Desv.) Wartm. (Tolypothrix) 229, 230 var. hawaiensis Nordst. 231 lardacea (Cesati) Hansg. (Hypheo-

laminosum

macrospermum Kuetz. (Cylindrosper-

mum)
175

198
163,

macrosporum Menegh. (Nostoc)

magma
var.

(Breb.)

Kuetz.

(Gloeocapsa)

14, 21

itzigsohnii

(Born.)

Hansg. 21
25, 27

magna Wolle (Gloeothece)

182,

(Lyngbya) 135 laxa (Rab.) A. Br. (Anabaena)

192

142 lardacea (Ces.) 139, 142 latilimba Crouan

thrix)

Gom.

(Schizothrix)

magnoliae Farlow (Entophysalis) 24 mainensis F. L. Harv. (Nodularia)

18s

186,
93,

laysanense
104 laysanensis

Lemm. (Phormidium) Lemm. (Xenococcus)

major major major major majus

Tilden (Hapalosiphon) 238, 240

Menegh. (Lyngbya) no, 126

Vauch. (Oscillatoria)
59, 67 Kuetz. (Spirulina) 86, 87, 97 Kuetz. (Cylindrospermum)

49

197,

199

leibleiniae (Reinsch)

Bornt (Dermo-

carpa)
var. pelagica Wille 52, 55 lenticularis Lemm. (Haliarachne) 160 leprieurii Kuetz. (Scytonema) 220 leptotrichia Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 76

majus Hold. (Hydrocoleus) 137 majuscula (Dillw.) Harvey (Lyngbya) no, 123 mamillosum (Lyngbye) Ag. (Stigo-

nema)

Kuetz. (Cylmdrospermum) 198, 200 lignicola Wood (Sirosiphon) 248 limbata Thur. (Tolypothrix) 229, 234 limneticus Lemm. (Chroococcus) 4. 10 limnicola Wolle (Cylindrospermum) licheniforme

(Bory)

margaritifera 59. 69

244, 250 Kufetz.

(Oscillatoria)

marginata Menegh. (Anacystis) 34 marginata (Menegh.) Kuetz. (Microcystis) 6, 33, 34

marginata Naeg. (Microcystis) 34 martensiana Menegh. (Lyngbya) no,

124
var. calcarea Tilden 125, 276 var. distincta Nordst 113 Mastigocoleus Lagerh. 236, 237 mellea Kiietz. (Gloeocapsa) 13

199

limosa Ag. (Oscillatoria)

72

58,

64,

65,

var. badia Tilden 66 var. chalybea Crouan 69 linckia (Roth) Born. (Nostoc)

162,

166
linearis
littoralis

Naeg. (Gloeothece) 25

Crouan (Leiblemia) 119

mellea Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 18 membranacea (Rab.) Born. (Gloeothece) 25, 26 membranacea (Kuetz.) Thur. (Lyngbya) IDS

314
membraninus
(Menegh.) Naeg. (Chroococcus) 4, 10 mendotae Trelease (Anabaena) 190 (Calothrix) meneghiniana Kirchn.
277
(Kuetz.) De Toni (Dichothrix) 274, 277 meneghiniana (Kuetz.) Gom. (Lyng' bya) no, 117 meneghiniana Zan. (Spirulina) 86, 87 meneghinianus Kuetz. (Schizosiphon) 277
mollis

Minnesota Algae

Wood

(Zonotrichia) 284, 293

monococca (Kuetz.) Hansg. (Chroothece) 12 var. mellea

(Kuetz.)

Hansg.

13

meneghiniana

montana Tilden (Dichothrix) 274, 275 montana Kuetz. (Gloecapsa) 13, 16

var. caldarii Sur. 16

montana Harv. (Sorospora) mucicola Lemm. (Lyngbya) mucosa Crouan. (Lyngbya)

muelleri Naeg. multicoloratus
4.

21
108,

in

135 (Schizothrix) 152

Wood

(Chroococcus)

Merismopedium Meyen.
147,

3,

41

mexicana (Gom.) De Toni (Inactis)

ISO mexicana (Kuetz.) Rab. (Rivularia) 284, 293 mexicana Gom. (Schizothrix) 150 Microchaete Thuret 161, 202 microcoleiformis Crouan (Sphaerozyga) 205 Microcoleus Desmazieres 58, 154 Microcystis Kuetz. 3, 33

muralis Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19 muralis Kuetz. (Symploca) 129, 131 muscicola Kuetz. (Cylindrospermum) 197, 200 muscicola Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 230 muscorum Ag. (Nostoc) 162, 169 muscorum (Ag.) Gom. (Symploca)
129, 132

var. rivularis

microscopica
29, 31

Naeg.

(Aphanothece)
284,
163,

myochroum
212,

(Wolle) Tilden 133 (Dillw.) Ag. (Scytonema)

i

224

microscopica Dickie (Rivularia)

293

Myxophyceae

microscopicum Carm
176 thece) 30, 31

(Nostoc)

microspora (Menegh.) Rab. (AphanoBorn. (Scytonema) ^'2, 220 miniata Hauck (Oscillatoria) 59, 68 minnesotensis Tilden (Oscillatoria)
millei
59, 75

minor
cus)

(Kuetz.) 4, 9

Naeg.

(Chroococ-

naegelii Wartm. (Aphanothece) 30, 32 naegelii Kuetz. (Scytonema) 232 naegelii (Kuetz.) Wood (Scytonema) 207 nana Tild. (Lyngbya) 109, 112 natans Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 72 natans (Hedw.) Welw. (Rivularia) 283, 28s

forma minima W. and G. S. West 9 minutissimum Collins (Cylindrosper200 minutula Kuetz. (Limnactis) 288 minutula (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Rivularia) 283, 288 minutula Rab. (Zonotrichia) 284, 289 minutula Wood (Zonotrichia) 293
197,

natans Breb. (Scytonema) 207 naveammi Grun. (Fhormidium)

102

92,

mum)

neglecta Wood (Oscillatoria) 64 ueglectus Wood (Sirosiphon) 247 nemalionis Crouan (Lyngbya) 261 nigra Vauch. (Oscillatoria) 59, 70 nigrescens Harv. (Lyngbya) 119, 136
nigro-viridis

minutum Wood (Cylindrospermum)

197, 199

Thw.

(Oscillatoria)

59,

69
nitida Ag. (Rivularia) 283, 287 nitida ? (Rivularia) 294 Nodular'ia Mertens 161, 182 nordstedtii Gom. (Spirulina) 86, 88 Nostoc Vaucher 7, in, 160, 161, 210,

minutum Desm. (Nostoc) 163, 174 minutum (Ag.) Hass. (Stigonema)

244, 248 var. saxicola

(Naeg.)

Born,

and

Flah. 248 minutus (Kuetz.) Naeg. (Chroococcus) 4, 7 mirabile Thur. (Plectonema) 207 mirabile (Dillw.) Born. (Scytonema) 212, 222
var.

23s

Nostocaceae 56, 160 nostochinearum Itzig. (Glaucocystis)

296

leprieurii

(Mont.)

Born,

and

Nostochopsis Wood 237, 251 nostocorum Born. (Plectonema) 206,

209
'

Flah. 224 mirabile Wolle (Scytonema) 221 mirabilis Ag. (Calothrix) 207 mollis Wood (Dasyactis) 291

notarisii Kuetz. (Porphyrosiphon) 269 notarisii (Menegh.) Kuetz. (Porphy^

rosiphon) 133

Index

315
42,

novum Wood (Merismopedium)

43

numidica Gom. (Oscillatoria)

61,

81

obscura Dickie (Hypheothrix) 104 obscura Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 121 obscura Wolle (Lyngbya) 121 obscurus Dickie (Schizosiphon) 256,
occidentale 214
Setch.

papyrina Kirchn. (Lyngbya.) 102 paradoxa (Wolle) De Toni (Rivularia) 283, 289 paradoxa Wolle (Zonotrichia) 289 (Mastigonema) Kuetz. paradoxum
.

256,

273

parasitica (Chauvin) thrix) 254, 260

Thur.

(Calo-

(Scytonema)

211,

ocellatum Lyngb. (Scytonema) 212, 218 ocellatum (Dillw.) Thur. (Stigonema) 244, 246 ccellatus Kuetz. (Sirosiphon) 247 ochracea (Kuetz.) Thur. (Lyngbya)
109, 113

(Mastigonema) Wolle parasiticum 267 parcezonata Wood (Zonotrichia) 290 parietina (Naeg.) Thur. (Calothrix) 2SS, 269, 280 parietinum Crouan (Scytonema) 219 parmelloides Kuetz. (Nostoc) 164,
181

okeni Ag. (Oscillatoria) 61, 81 oligothrix Crouan (Microcoleus) 155 olivacea (Hooker) Born, and Flah. (Dichothrix) 274, 276 olivacea (Reinsch) nob. (Dermocarpa) 52, SS olivaceum Rab. (Phormidium) 120 olivaceus Reinsch (Sphaenosiphon)
SS

parvula Rab. (Gloiotrichia) 285 pelagica Lemm. (Catagnymene) 159 var. major Wille 159 pellucidulus Wood (Sirosiphon) 247 penicillata Zanard. (Dichothrix) 27s, 280 penicillata Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 109,
115 penicillata (Ag.) Thur. (Tolypothrix) 229, 232 percursa Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 61, 83

Oncobyrsa Ag. 3, 45 ornata Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 59, 67 orsiniana Thur. (Calothrix) 275 brsiniana (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Dichothrix) 274, 275 orsinianum Kuetz. (Mastigonema) 27s
oscillarioides Bory (Anabaena) 186, 193 var. elongata (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. 194 var. stenospora Born, and Flah. 194 Oscillatoria Vaucher 57, s8, 90
.

perelegans
III

Lemm.

(Lyngbya)

108,

persicinum (Reinke) Gom. (Phormidium) 91, 94 phormidio.ides Bulnh. (Hydrocoleus)

137

Phormidium Kuetzing. 57, 91 phormidium Kuetz. (Lyngbya) phormidium Rab. (Lyngbya) var. rivularis Wolle 133

132

Oscillatoriaceae 56, 57

pilosa Harv. (Calothrix) 255, 263 pilosus Crouan (Schizosiphon) 264 piscinale Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 166 piscinalis (Briigg.) De Toni (Microcystis) 34, 36 piscinalis (Briigg.)

packardii
tis)

(Farlow)
36

nob.

(Microcys-

(Polycystis)

36

33,

packardii Farlow (Polycystis) 36 pallida (Kuetz.) Rab. (Aphanothece) 30, 31 , pallida Kuetz. (Hypheothrix) 139, 144 pallida (Naeg.) Wolle (Lyngbya) 144 pallida (Farlow) Lemm. (Microcys.

pisum Thur. (Gloeotrichia) 284 pisum (Ag.) Thur. (Gloeotrichia)

284, 286

tis)

pallida
tis)

36 (Kuetz.) 36
34,

pisimi Ag. (Rivularia) 283, 284, 286 plana (Harv.) Thur. (Isactis) 281 var. fissurata Born, and Flah. 282 plana Rab. (Mastigonema) 281 Plectonema Thuret 206, 267

Farlow

(Polycys4,

Pleurocapsa Thuret

46,

47

pallidus Naeg. (Chroococcus)

plicata Carm. (Rivularia) 287 pluviale Crouan (Sirosiphon) 246

paludosa Wolle (Nodularia) 182, 183 paludosum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 161, 165 paludosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (Microcoleus)

polydermatica
13,

Kuetz.

(Gloeocapsa)

IS

polymorphum
212, 228

Naeg.

(Scytonema)

158

panniforme

(Ag.)

Kirchn.

(Stigone-

ma) 244, 245 papyraceum (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92, lOI

polyotis (Ag.) Born, and Flah. (Rivularia) 283, 286

polysperma Rab. (Sphaerozyga)

192

187,

3i6
polyspermum
(Kuetz.)

Minnesota Algae

Wood

(Do-

ramosum (Thwaites) Hauck (Goniotrichum) 296

ravenelii 138 ravenelii ravenelii

lichospermum) 192
Polythrix Zanardini 252, 280 Porphyridium Naegeli 296

Wolle

(Hydrocoleus)

134,

Porphyrosiphon Kuetzing S7, I33 prasina A. Br. (Aphanothece) 30, 32 prasina (Reinsch) Born, and Thuret (Dermocarpa) 52 princeps Vauch. (Oscillatoria) 58, 62,
72

Wood
Wolle

(Scytonema) 220
(Tolypothrix)
229,

234 refractus
retzii retzii

Wood (Chroococcus) 4, 8 Ag. (Lyngbya) 102 (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92,

103

forma purpurea Collins 63

proboscidea 64

102
58,

Gom.

(Oscillatoria)

forma fasciculatum Gom. 103. forma rupestris (Kuetz.) Gom.

prolifera Flah. (Calothrix) 254, 262 prolifica (Grev.) Gom. (Oscillatoria) S8, 61 pruniforme (Linn.) Ag. (Nostoc) 163, 178 pulchra Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 231

pulverea
tis)

(Wood) De Toni (Microcys33. 35

pulvereus
35

(Wood) Wolle

(Anacystis)

pulvereus Wood (Pleurococcus) 35 pulvinata (Mert.) Ag. (Calothrix) 254, 260 pulvinata Kuetz. (Inactis) 146, 147 pulvinata Gom. (Schizothrix) 147 pulvinatum Nordst. (Scytonema) 221 pulvinatus Wolle (Microcoleus) 158 pulvinatus Breb. (Sirosiphon) 245, 249 forma alpinus (Kuetz.) Wolle 246 punctata Naeg. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 17

rhizosoleniae Lemm. (Calothrix) 256, 273 Richelia Jobs. Schm. 161, 201 richteriana Hansg. (Chroothece) 12 rigidissima Crouan (Leibleinia) 123 rivulare Kuetz. (Nostoc) 166 rivulare Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 167 rivulare Borzi (Scytonema) 211, 213 Rivularia (Roth) Agardh. 253, 283 Rivulariaceae 57, 252 rivulariarum Gom. (Lyngbya) 108,
III rivularis (Carm.) sa) 27, 28 rivularis (Kuetz.) sa) 45

Rab.

(Aphanocap-

Menegh. (Oncobyr-

robusta Clark (Clathrocystis) 37, -38 robusta Setchell and Gardner (Microchaete) 202, 203

Wood (Nostoc) 163, 171 punctiforme (Kuetz.) Har. (Nostoc)

punctatum
161, 164

(Kuetz.) 95 purpurascens (Kuetz.) midium) 139 purpurascens (Kuetz.) thrix) 152 var. cruenta (Lesp.)

purpurascens

Gom. (PhorGom. (Phor-

midium)

91,

Gom.
Gom.

(Schizo152

rosea -(Reinsch) Batters (Dermocarpa ?) 52, S3 rosea (Snow) Lemm. (Gomphosphaeria) 38, 39 roseolum (Richter) Gom. (Plectonema) 206, 210 rubra Crouan (Lyngbya) in, 128 rubra Gom. (Schizothrix) 145 rubrapunctus Wolle (Chroococcus) 4,
5

purpureus Snow (Chroococcus) 4, 10 pusilla Harv. (Lyngbya) iii, 128 putealis Mont. (Lyngbya) no, 125
var.

rubro-violacea Crouan (Lyngbya) in,

128

minor Crouan 125

quaternata (Breb.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 13, 17, 210 quoyi (Ag.) Born, and Flah. (Brachytrichia) 294 quoyi (Ag.) Born. (Hormactis) 294

forma crassior Crouan 119 rubrum Tild. (Phormidium) 91, 95 rubrum Mont. (Scytonema) 212, 228 rubrum (Menegh.) De Toni (Symplocastrum)
144,

145

racemosus
II

Wolle

(Synechococcus)

radians Thur. (Rivularia) 288 var. minutula Kirchn. 288 radiosa (Kuetz.) Kirchn. (Calothrix)
235 ralfsiana (Harv.) sa) 15, 22
tis)

Kuetz:

(Gloeocap-

ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi (Asterocy296

rufescens (Breb.) Naeg. (Chroococcus) 248 rufescens Crouan (Lyngbya) 119, 125 rupestre Kuetz. (Nostoc) 176 rupestre Borzi (Sacconema) 281 rupestris Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19 rupestris (Lyngbye) Born. (Gloeothece) 25, 26 var. tepidar'iorum (A. Br.) Hansg. 26 rupestris Wolle (Tolypothrix) 229, 234 rupicola Collins (Dichothrix) 274, 279 rupicola Tilden (Schizothrix) 153

Index
(WoUe) Born, and Flah. (Wollea) 181 saccata Wolle (Sphaerozyga) 182 Sacconema Borzi 252, 281 salinarum Collins (Oscillatoria) 60,
saccata
17

317
solutum Born, and Grun. (Hormothamnion) 205 sordida Crouan (Lyngbya) no, 118 sordida (Zanard.) Gom. (Lyngbyal
,

118

forma bostrychicola (Crouan) Gom.

118

sancta Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 58, 64 var. aequinoctialis Gom. 65 var. caldariorum (Hauck) Lag. 65 sandvicense Nordst. (Lophopodium) 266 sandvicensis (Nordst.) Schmidle (Calothrix) 255, 266 sanguinea (Ag.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 23 sargassi Crouan (Mastichonema) 279 saxicola Naeg. (Aphanothece) 29, 30 saxicola Naeg. (Sirosiphon) 249 schauinslandii Lemm. (Aulosira) 202 schauinslandii Lemm. (Chondrocystis) 24 schizodermaticus West (Chroococcus)
4,

spadiceum Crouan (Phormidium) 132

sparsa Wood (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19 sphaerica Born, and Flah. (Anabaena) 186, 188 var. macrosperma Born, and Flah.
188

sphaericum Vauch. (Nostoc) 163, 173 sphaerocarpa Born, and Flah. (Nodularia) 182, 183 sphaero'ides Kuetz. (Nostoc) Sphaerozyga Agardh 183 163, 176
70,

spiralis

Lemm.

(Catagnymene)

159 var. capitata

(W. West JunJ Wille

Schizophyceae i Sch'izothrix Kuetzing 58, 150 schousboei (Dermocarpa) 50 schousboei Thur. (Xenococcus)
SO

49,

schowiana Crouan (Leibleinia) 123 schowiana Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 118 scopulorum (Weber and Mohr) Ag.
(Calothrix) 254, 258, 280 scutata cladophorae Tilden (Pringsheimia) 46 Scytonema Agardh 206, 211 Scytonemaceae 56, 205 scytonematoides Wood (Sirosiphon) 233 scytonemicola n. sp. (Calothrix) 255, 26s

sejunctum
27Z

Wood

(Mastigonema)

256,

semiplena (C. Ag.) J. Ag. (Lyngbya) no, 118 setchellianum Gom. (Phormidium) 93,
108
setchellii

Collins

(Tolypothrix)

229,

simmonsiae (Collins) De Toni (Inactis)

234

147, 149

simmonsiae Collins (Schizothrix) 149 simplex Wood (Scytonema) 212, 229 simplice Wood (Scytonema) 229 smaragdina (Reinsch) nob, (Dermocarpa) 52, 54
^

smaragdinum
132

Crouan

(Phormidium)

160 Spirulina Turpin 57, 86 spirulinoides Gom. (Lyngbya) no, 126 splendida Grev. (Oscillatoria) 60, 76 var. uncinata Setch. and Gard. 76 spongiaeforme Ag. (Nostoc) 162, 168 spumigena Mert. (Nodularia) 182, 184 var. genuina Born, and Flah. 185 var. litorea (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. 185 var. major (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. 185 stagnale (Kuetz.) B'orn. and Flah. (Cylindrospermum) 197, 198 stagnalis Kuetz. (Anabaena) 198 stagnalis Gom. (Calothrix) 255, 265 stagnina (Spreng.) A. Br. (Aphanothece) 30, 32 Stigonema Agardh 237, 244 Stigonemaceae 56, 236 stragulum Crouan (Phormidium) 114 stuposum (Kuetz.) Born. (Scytonema) 212, 221 subbrevis Schmidle (Oscillatoria) 79 subfuscum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 93, 105 var. joannianum (Kiietz.) Gom. 106 submarina Crouan (Calothrix) 276 submarinum Crouan (Scytonema) 263 submembranaceum (Ard. and Straff.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 104 subrigida (Wood) De Toni (Anabaena) 187, 196

subrigidum

Wood

(Dolichospermum)

(SphaenosiReinsch smaragdinus phon) 54 smithii (Thw.) Wolle (Sphaerozyga)

191

196 subsalsa Ag. (Oscillatoria) 61, 82 var. dulcis Crouan 67 subsalsa Oerst. (Spirulina) 87

3i8
subsalsa Oerst. (Spirulina) 87, 89, 90 forma oceanica (Crouan) Gom. 90
subtilis subtilis

Minnesota Algae
thermale (Schabe) Borzi (Stigonema) 243 thermalis (Schwabe) Hansg. (Calothrix) 255, 268, 270, 275

Holden (Lyngbya)

109, 115

112 subtilissima Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 59, 74 subtilissima Kuetz. (Spirulina) 86, 88 subtorulosa (Breb.) Farlow (Oscillatoria) 61, 83 (Phormidium) subtorulosum Breb. 158

W. West (Lyngbya)

thermalis
var.

Schwabe (Fischera) Americana Farl. 243

thermalis (Schabe) la) 242, 243

Gom.

(Fischerel-

subtorulosus

(Kuetz.) coleus) 95, 158

Gom. (Micro92,

subuliforme Gom.

(Phormidium)

var. mucosa Lemm. 243 thermalis Lemm. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 22 thermalis Crouan (Lyngbya) 125 thermalis Crouan (Oscillaria) 79 thermalis (Kuetz.) Gom. (Symploca) 129, 130

99 subuliformis Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 60, 71 sutherlandi Dickie (Nostoc) 181 Symploca Kuetzing 57, 128

thermophilus 4,7

Wood

(Chroococcus)

symplocarioides
129

Crouan

(Oscillaria)

Symplocastrum Gomont 57 Synechococcus Naegeli 2, 11 Synechocystis Sauvageau 2, 10

tenax Wolle (Hypheothrix) 139, 141 tenax Wolle (Leptothrix) 141 tenera Thur. (Microchaete) 202, 203 tenerrima Thur. (Lyngbya) 114 tenerrima Kuetz. (Oscillaria) Tz tenerrima Kuetz. (Spirulina) 86, 88 tenerrimus Gom. (Microcoleus) iSS tenue (Menegh.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 98 tenue Thur. (Plectonema) 206, 207 tenuis Kuetz. (Oscillaria) var. sordida Kuetz. 106 tenuis Ag. (Oscillatoria) S9, 7i, 72 var. natans (Kuetz.) Rab. 73 var. tergestina (Kuetz.) Rab. 73 tenuis Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 229 forma bryophila Rab. 230 tenuissima W. and G. S. West (Microchaete) 202, 203 tenuissima Kuetz. (Spirulina) 8g

thiebautii Gom. (Trichodesmium) 84 tinctoria Rab. (Hypheothrix) 149 tinctoria (Ag.) Thur. (Inactis) 147, 149 tinctoria Kuetz. (Leptothrix) 149 tinctoria Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 94 tinctoria Gom. (Schizothrix) 149 tinctorium A. Br. (Hydrocoleum) 149

tinctorium Kuetz. (Phormidium) 91, 94 Tolypothrix Kuetzing 206, 215, 229, 265 tolypotrichoides Kuetz. (Scytonema) 212, 222 tomasinianum (Kuetz.) Born. (Plectonema) 206, 207 tomentosum (Kuetz.) Hier. (Stigonema) 244, 246 torridum Ag. (Scytonema) 2ig

Crouan (Leibleinia) 125 Crouan (Lyngbya) 125 torulosa (Carm.) Lagerh. (Anabaena)
torta torta
186,

192

trapezoidea Tilden (Oscillatoria) 82 treleasei Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 96 Trichodesmium Ehrenberg 57, 84 trigonum W. and G. S. West (Tetra-

tenuissimum

Lemm.

(Mensmopedi-

pedium) 41 truncicola (Rab.) thrix) 233

Wolle

(Tolypo-

um)

42, 45

Grun. (Hapalosiphon) tenuissimus 240 terebrans Born, and Flah. (Plectonema) 52, 206, 209 terebriformis Ag. (Oscillatoria) 61, 83 terrestris Desmaz. (Microcoleus) 157 testarum (Mastigocoleus) Lagerh. 213, 237 Tetrapedium Reinsch 3, 41 thelephoroides (Mont.) Gom. (Schizothrix) 151 (Mastigonema) Schwabe thermale 268, 278 thermale Borzi (Scytonema) 243 tliermale Kuetz. (Scytonema) 223

tuberculosa (Hansg.) Wille (Chlorogloea) 46 turfaceum (Berk.) Cooke (Stigonema) 244, 249 var. parvum Wood 249 turfosum Kuetz. (Scytonema) 224 turgida Wolle (Mastigothrix) 256, 273 turgidus CKuetz.) Naeg. (Chroococcus)
var.
4, 5,

32

fuscescens

(Kuetz.)

De Toni

6
turicensis (Naeg.) cus) 3, 5

Hansg. (Chroococ(Hypheothrix)
139,

turicensis
141

Naeg.

LliST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS
PLATE
I.
.

(Magnification: 500-700 diameters)

Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

I.

2.
3.

Chroococcu's macrococcus (Kuet^.) Rab. Chi-Qococcus turicensis (Naeg.) Hahsg.

4.

Chroococcus Chroococcus

(After Hassall) (After Hinsgirg) turg.idus '(Kiietz.) Naeg. (After West) schizodermaticus West. (After W. and G.

S.

West)
5.

6.
7.

8. 9.

10. II.

12.
13.
14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

23. 24. 25. 26, 28.

multicoloratus Wood. (After, Wood) refractus Wood. (After Wood) minor (Kuetz.) Naeg. (After W. and G. S. West) limneticus Lettim. (After Leirimermann) purpureus Snow. (After Snow) Synechdcystis aquatilis Sauv. (After Engler and PrantI) Synechococcus aeruginosus Naeg. (After Engler and Frantl) Chroothece richteriana Hansg. (After Engler and PrantI) Gloeocapsa granosa (Berkeley) Kuetz. (After Hassall) Gloeocapsa polydermatica Kuetz. (After. West) Gloeocapsa fenestralis Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) Gloeocapsa arenaria ,(Hass.) Rab. (After Saunders) Gloeocapsa montana K^uetz. (After Kuetzing) Gloeocapsa quaternata (Breb.) Kuetz. (Original) Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (Carm.) Kuetz. (After Cooke) Gloeocapsa gelatinpsa Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) Gloeocapsa cpriglomerata Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) Gloeocapsa -atrata, (Turp.) Kuetz. (After Cooke) Gloeocapsa, muralis Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) Gloeocapsa rupestris Kuetz. (After Cooke) Gloeocapsa sparsa .Wood. (After Wood) 27. Gloeocapsa gigas W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G. S.

Chroococcus Chroococcus Chroococcus Chroococcus Chroococcus

West):, Gloeocapsa crepidinum (Rab.) Thur. (After Hornet and Thuret) Gloeocapsa magma (Breb.) ICuetz. (After Lemmermann) 29. Gloeocapsa ralfsiana (Harv.) Kuetz. (After Cooke) 30. Gloeocapsa thermalis Lemm. (After Lemmermann) 31. Gloeocapsa viplacea (Corda) Rab. (Original) 32. Entophysalis granulosa Kuetz. (After Engler and PrantI) 33. Chondrocystis schauinslandii Lemm. (After Lemmermann) 34-36.

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
I,

IL

2.

3.

4.
5.

Gloeothece linearis Naeg. (After W. and G. S. West) Gloeothece confluens Naeg. (After West) Gloeothece rupestris (Lyngb.) Born. (After Cooke) Gloeothece lunata W, and G. S. West. (After V/. and G.
.

S.

Fig
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

6.

7.

8,

10, 12.
13. 14.
15.

16.

West) Aphanocapsa elachista W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G. S. West) Aphanocapsa greviUei (Hass.) Rab. (After West) Aphanocapsa rivularis (Carm.) Rab. (After Cooke) 9. (Hass.) Rab. (After Hansgirg) II. Aphanocapsa virescens Aphanothece microscopica Naeg. (After West) Aphanothece castagnei (Breb.) Rab. (After Engler and PrantI) Aphanothece naegelii Wartm. (Original) Aphanothece stagnina (Spreng.) A. Br. (After Lemmermann) Aphanothece prasina A. Br. (Original)

Fig.

Illustrations
Fig. 23-25. Oscillatoria splendida Grev. (After

323

Lemmermann,

Setchell and

Gardner)
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. FjgFig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig, Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

Oscillatoria amoena (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) Oscillatoria subuliformis Kuetz. 27. (After Gomont) 28. Oscillatoria laetevirens Crouan. (After Gomont) Oscillatoria acuminata Gom. 29. (After Gomont) Oscillatoria 30. animalis Ag. (After Gomont) Oscillatoria violacea (Wallr.) Hass. 31. Oscillatoria brevis Kuetz. (After Gomont) 32. Oscillatoria formosa Bory. 33(After Gomont) Oscillatoria cortiana Menegh. 34. (After Gomont) Oscillatoria okeni Ag. 35(After Gomont) Oscillatoria chalybea Mert. 36. (After Gomont) (After Gomont) ZT, 38. Oscillatoria boryana Bory. Oscillatoria terebriformis Ag. 39. (After Gomont) Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehr. (After Gomont) 40. 41, 42. Trichodesmium thiebautii Gom. (After Gomont) Trichodesmium contortum Wille. (After Wille) 43. Arthrospira jenneri (Kuetz.) Stiz. (After Gomont) 44. Spirulina meneghiniana Zan. 45(After Gomont) Spirulina major Kuetz. (After Gomont) 46. Spirulina subtilissima Kuetz. (After Gomont) 47. Spirulina caldaria Tilden. (Original) 48. Spirulina subsalsa Oerst. (After Gomont) 49. Spirulina duplex Wolle. (After Wolle) 50, SI. Phormidium fragile (Menegh.) Gom. (After Gomont) 52, S3. Phormidium' foveolarum (Mont.) Gom, (After Gomont) 54. Phormidium tinctorium Kuetz. (After Gomont) 55. Phormidium luridum (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) 56, 57. Phormidium rubrum Tilden. (Original) 58. Phormidium purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) 59. Phormidium crosbyanum Tilden. (Original) 60, 61. 62. Phormidium laminosum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) 63-65. Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gom. (After Gomont) Phormidium valderianum (Delp.) Gom. (After Gomont) 66. Phormidium subuliforme Gom. (After Gomont) 67. 68. Phormidium incrustatum (Naeg.) Gom. (After Gomont) Phormidium inundatum Kuetz. (After Gomont) 69, 70. Phormidium corium (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) 71, 72. Phormidium papyraceum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) 73, 74. Phormidium interruptum Kuetz. (After Wolle) 75,
26.
76.

Phormidium naveanum Grun.

('After

Wolle)

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig.
1-4.
5.

V.

Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

Phormidium r^tzii (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) Phormidium ambiguum Gom. (After Gomont) Phormidium submembranaceum (Ar. and Strafif.) Gom. (After 6. Gomont) Phormidium laysanense Lemm. (After Lemmermann) 7, 8. 9, 10. Phormidium favosum (Bory) Gom. (After Gomont) Phormidium calidum Gom. (After Gomont) II. Phormidium subfuscum Kuetz. (After Engler and Prantl) 12-15. Phormidium uncinatum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) 16, 17. Phormidium autumnale (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) 18, 19. 20, 21. Phormidium setchellianum Gomont. (After Gomont) 22, 23. Lyngbya lagerheimii (Mob.) Gom. (After Gomont) Lyngbya nana Tilden. (Original) 24! Lyngbya ochracea (Kuetz.) Thur. (After Bornet) 25, 26. Lyngbya ferruginea G. S. West. (After West) 27-29. 30, 31. Lyngbya lutea (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) 32, 33. Lyngbya aerugineo-caerulea (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) Lyngbya cladophorae Tilden. (Original) 34.

324
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
3S. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40, 42.

Minnesota Algae
Lyngbya versicolor (Wartm.) Gom. (After Gomont) Lyngbya gracilis (Menegh.) Rab. (After Gomont) Lyngbya sordida (Zan.) Gom. (After Gomont) Lyngbya semiplena (C. Ag;.) J. Ag. (After Gomont) Lyngbya confervoides C. Ag. (After Gomont) 41. Lyngbya aestuarii (Mert.) Liebm. (After Gomont) Lyngbya majusciila (Dillw.) Harv. (After Gomont) Lyngbya martensiana Menegh. (After Gomont) Lyngbya martensiana var. calcarea Tilden. (Original) Lyngbya putealis Mont. (After Gomont) Lyngbya major Menegh. (After Gomont) Lyngbya spirulinoides Gom. (After Gomont) Symploca atlantica Gom. (After Gomont) Symploca hydnoides Kuetz. (After Gomont) Symploca laete-viridis Gom. (After Gomont) Symploca thermalis (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) Symploca dubia (Naeg.) Gom. (After Kuetzing) Symploca muralis Kuetz. (After Gomont) Symploca muscorum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont) Porphyrosiphon notarisii (Menegh.) Kuetz. (After Gomont) Hydrocoleus comoides (Harv.) Gom. (After Gomont) Hydrocoleus cantharidosmus (Mont.) (jom. (After Gomont) Hydrocoleus lyngbyaceus Kuetz. (After Gomont) Hydrocoleus glutinosus (Ag.) Gom. (After Kuetzing)

43. 44.
4S. 46.

47. 48.
49. so. 51. 52.
53. 54. 55. 56.
57. 58. 59.

Hydrocoleus holdenii Tilden. (After Holden) 60, 61. Hydrocoleus homoeotrichus Kuetz. (After Gomont) 62, 63. Hydrocoleus ravenelii Wolle. (After Wolle) 64, 65. 66. Hydrocoleus heterotrichus Kuetz. (After Gomont)

PLATE VL
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

Hypheothrix calcicola (Ag.) Rab. (After Gomont) Hypheothrix coriacea Kuetz. (After Gomont) 2. Hypheothrix lardacea (Ces.) Hansg. (After Gomont) 3. Hypheothrix arenaria (Berk.) De Toni. (After Gomont) 4. Symplocastrum fragile (Kuetz.) De Toni. (After Gomont) 5. Symplocastrum rubrum (Menegh.) De Toni. (After Gomont) 6. 7-9. Symplocastrum cuspidatum (West and West) De Toni. (After W. and G. S. West) Symplocastrum friesii (Ag.) Kirchn. (After Gomont) Fig. 10.
I.

Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

11-13. Inactis pulvinata

14, 16.
17. 18.

Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

15. .Inactis

fasciculata (Naeg.) Grun. (After Gomont) Inactis lacustris (A. Br.) De Toni. (After Gomont) Inactis tlnctoria (Ag.) Thur. (After Gomont) Inactis hawaiensis (Lemm.) De Toni. (After Lemmermann)

19.

Schizothrix thelephoroides

(Mont.)

Gom. (After Gomont)

Schizothrix purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) 20, 21. 22. Schizothrix chalybea (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) Schizothrix muelleri Naeg. (After Gomont) Schizothrix braunii Gom. (After Gomont) Schizothrix rupicola Tilden. (Original) Dasygloea amorpha Berk. (After Gomont) Microcoleus tenerrimus Gom. (After Gomont) 27. 28. Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Fl. Dan.) Thur. (After Gomont) Microcoleus vaginatus (Vauch.) Gom. (After Gomont) 29. Microcoleus paludosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) 30. Microcoleus pulvinatus Wolle (After Wolle) 31. Microcoleus subtorulosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont) 32. Catagnymene pelagica Lemm. (After Wille) 33. Catagnymene spiralis Lemm. (After Wille) 34. Nostoc punctiforme (Kuetz.) Hariot (After Sauvageau) 3.';-37. Nostoc paludosum Kuetz. (After Janczewski) 38.
23. 24. 25. 26.

Illustrations

325

PLATE

VII.

Fig. I. Nostoc linckia (Roth) Born. (After Bornet and Thuret) Fig. 2. Nostoc piscinale Kuetz. (After Cooke) Fig. 3. Nostoc carneum Ag. (After Lemmermann) Fig. 4. 5- Nostoc spongiaeforme Ag. (After Cooke) Fig. 6-10. Nostoc ellipsosporum (Desm.) Rab. (After Bornet and Thuret) Fig. II. Nostoc gelatinosum Schousb. (Original) Fig. 12-14. Nostoc muscorum Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret) Fig. IS. Nostoc humifusum Carm. (After Cooke) Fig. 16. Nostoc foliaceum Moug. (Original)

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
I.

VIII.

Nostoc commune Vauch. (After Hansgirg) Nostoc sphaericum Vauch. (After Cooke) 2. Nostoc calidarium Wood. (After Wood) 3. Nostoc maerosporum Menegh. (After Cooke) 4. Nostoc microscopicum Carm. (After Cooke) s. Nostoc glomeratum Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) 6, 7. Nostoc caeruleum Lyngbye (Original) 8. Nostoc pruniforme (Linn.) Ag. ((After Cooke) 9, 10. 11-16. Nostoc verrucosum (Linn.) Vauch. (After Thuret) 17-19. Nostoc amplissimum Setch. (After Setchell) 20. Nostoc parmelioides Kuetz. (After Gomont) Wollea saccata (WoUe) Born, and Flah. (After Engler and 21, 22.
Prantl)

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
Fig. Fig.
I,

IX.

2.

Nodularia harveyana (Thwaites) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)

Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 21. Fig. 22.

Nodularia sphaerocarpa Born, .and Flah. (After West) Nodularia paludosa WoUe. (After Wolle) 4. Nodularia hawaiiensis Tilden. (Original) 5. 6. Nodularia armorica Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret) Nodularia spumigena var. litorea (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. 7, 8. (After Bornet and Thuret) Anabaena variabilis Kuetz. (After Hansgirg) 9. Anabaena hallensis (Jancz.) Born, and Flah. (After Jan10-13. czewski) Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb. (After Engler and Prantl) 14. Anabaena circinalis Rab. (After Hansgirg) IS. Anabaena inaequalis (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After West) 16. Anabaena catenula (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (Original) 17. Anabaena laxa (Rab.) A. Br. (After Bornet and Flahault) 18. Anabaena torulosa (Carm.) Lag. (After Cooke) 19. Anabaena oscillarioides Bory. (After Hansgirg) 20.
3.

Anabaena confervoides Reinsch. (Original) Anabaena cupressdphila Wolle. (After Wolle)

PLATE
Fig.
I.

X.
Ralfs.

Aphanizomenon
Prantl)

flos-aquae

(Linn.)

(After

Engler
Flah.

and

Fig
Fig.

(After Wood) (After Gomont) minutum Wood. (After Wolle) muscicola Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) catenatum Ralfs. (Original) Richelia intracellularis J. Schm. (After Lemmermann) Aulosira schauinslandii Lemm. (After Lemmermann)

Cylindrospermum West) Cylindrospermum Cylindrospermum Cylindrospermum Cylindrospermum Cylindrospermum

stagnate

(Kuetz.)

Born,

and

(After

comatum Wood.
majus Kuetz.

326
Fig. 10. Fig. II. Fig. 12. Fig. 13.

Minnesota Algae
Microchaete tenuissima
S.

W. and

G. S.

West.

(After

W. and

G.

West)
and

Microchaete tenera Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret) Microchaete grisea Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret) (After Engler Hormothamnion enteromorphoides Grun.
Prantl)

PLATE XL
Fig. Fig.
I,

3.

Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.

4,
6.

Plectonema tenue Thur. (After Gomont) Plectonema tomasinianum (Kuetz.) Born. (After Bornet and Thuret) Plectonema wollei Fart. (After Gomont) 5. Plectonema terebrans Born, and Flah. (After Bornet and Fla2.

hault)
7. 8.

9.

10. II,

13,
15.

Plectonema nostocorum Born. (After Gomont) Plectonema roseolum (Richter) Gom. (After Gomont) Plectonema golenkinianum Gom. (After Gomont) Plectonema calotrichoides Gom. (After Gomont) 12. Scytonema rivulare Borzi. (Original) Scytonema occidentale Setchell. (After Setchell) 14. Scytonema crispum (Ag.) Born. (Original)

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
I.

XII.

2, 3. 4.
5.

6.
7.

Scytonema caldarium Setch. (After Setchell) Scytonema azureum Tilden. (Original) Scytonema hofmanni Ag. (After Engler and Prantl) Scytonema varium (Kuetz.) (After Kuetzing) Scytonema javanicum (Kuetz.) Born. (After W. and G. S. West) Scytonema javanicum var. hawaiiense Lemmermann (After Lem-

mermann)
Fig. 8. Scytonema ocellatum Lyngb. (After Scytonema intertextum (Kuetz.) Rab. Fig. 9. Scytonema amplum W. and G. S. Fig. 10, II.
S.

Wolle)

West.

(After Wolle) (After

W. and

G.

Fig. 12. Fig. 13,

West) Scytonema wolleanum De Toni. (After Wolle) Scytonema stuposum (Kuetz.) Born. (After Kuetzing) 14.

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
I.

XIII.

Scytonema tolypotrichoides Kuetz. (After Wood) Scytonema mirabile (Dillw.) Born. (After West) 2-S. 6. Scytonema myochroum (Dillw.) Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret) Scytonema fuliginosum Tilden. (Original) 7, 8. Scytonema alatum (Carm.) Borzi. (After Hone) 9. 10-12. Scytonema crustaceum Ag. (After Kuetzing) Scytonema densum (A. Br.) Born. (After Kuetzing) 13. Symphyosiphon'bornetianum Wolle. (After Wolle) 14. Scytonema hirtulum (Kuetz.) Rab. (After Wolle) 15.

PLATE
Fig.
I.

XIV.

Tolypothrix lanata (Desv.) Wartm. (After West) Tolypothrix distorta (Hofman-Bang) Kuetz. (Original) Tolypothrix penicillata (Ag.) Thur. (After Engler and Prantl) Tolypothrix byssoidea (Hass.) Kirchn. (After Cooke) Tolypothrix ravenelii Wolle. (After Wolle) Tolypothrix setchellii Collins. (After Collins) Tolypothrix rupestris Wolle. (After Wolle) Desmonema wrangellii (Ag.) Born, and Flah. (After Engler and
Prantl)

Diplocolon heppii Naeg. (After Engler and Prantl) Mastigocoleus testarum Lag. (After Engler and Prantl)

Illustrations
Fig. 13. Hapalosiphon fontinalis (Ag.) Born. Fig. 14, 15. Hapalosiphon laminosus (Kuetz.)

327
(After

Lemmermann)
(After Buscalioni)

Hansh.

PLATE XV.
Fig. Fig. Fig.
1-4.
5.

Hapalosiphon ma}or Tilden. (Original) Hapalosiphon intricatus W. and G. S. West.

S.

(After (After

W. and W. and

G. G.

West)

6, 7.

Hapalosiphon arboreus
S.

W. and

G. S. West.

West)

Fig. 8,9. Fischerella ambigua (Naeg.) Gom. (After W. and G. S. West) Fig. 10, II. Fischerella thermalis (Schabe) Gom. (After Lemmermann) Fig. 12. Fischerella thermalis var. mucosa Lemm. (After Lemmermann) Fig. 13. Stigonema hormoides (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After W. and G. S. West) Fig. 14. Stigonema aefugineum Tilden. (Original) Fig. 1S-17. Stigonema ocellatum (Dillw.) Thur. (After West) Fig. 18, 19. Stigonema minutum (Ag.) Hass. (After West) Fig. 20. Stigonema turfaceum (Berk.) Cooke. (After Engler and Prantl) Fig. 21. Stigonema informe Kuetz. (After Kuetzing) Fig. 22. Stigonema mamillosum (Lyngb.) Ag. (After Gomont)

PLATE XVL
Fig.

Capsosira brebissonii Kuetz. (After Engler and Prantl) Nostochopsis lobatus Wood. (After Engler and Prantl) Amphithrix janthina (Mont.) Born, and Flah. (After Engler and
Prantl)

Amphithrix violacea (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After Kuetzing) Calothrix Juliana (Menegh.) Born, and Flah. (After Kuetzing) 6-8. Calothrix confervicola (Roth) Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret) Calothrix consociata (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After Kuetzing) Calothrix fusco-violacea Crouan. (After Crouan) Calothrix scopulorum (Web. and Mohr) Ag. (After Bornet and 12. Thuret) Calothrix contarenii (Zan.) Born, and Flah. (After Kuetzing) Calothrix pulvinata (Mert.) Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret) 16. Calothrix parasitica (Chauv.) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)

PLATE XVIL
Calothrix aeruginea (Kuetz.) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret) Fig. I. (After Bornet and Thuret) Fig. 2-6. Calothrix Crustacea Thur. Calothrix scytonemicola Tilden. (Original) Fig. 7. Fig. 8, 9. Calothrix stagnalis Gom. (After Lemmermann) Calothrix fusca (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After Teodoresco) Fig. 10, II. Calothrix sandvicensis (Nordst.) Schmid. (After Schmidle) Fig. 12. Calothrix adscendens (Naeg.) Born, and Flah. (After TeodoFig. 13, 14. resco)

PLATE XVIIL
(Original) Calothrix thermalis (Schwabe) Hansg. 1-5. Fig. Fig. 6, 7. Calothrix calida P. Richter. (After Richter) (After Richter) Fig. 8-10. Calothrix kuntzei P. Richter. Calothrix braunii Born, and Flah. (After Lemmermann) Fig. II. Calothrix parietina (Naeg.) Thur. (After West) Fig. 12. Calothrix lacucola Wolle. (After Wolle) Fig. 13. Schizosiphon obscurus Dickie. (After Dickie) Fig. 14. (After Kuetzing) Fig. 15. Mastigonema paradoxum Kuetz. Dichothrix orsiniana (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After West) Fig. 16. (Original) Fig. 17. Dichothrix calcarea Tilden. (After LemmerFig. 18. Dichothrix baueriana (Grun.) Born, and Flah.

mann)

328

Minnesota Algae

PLATE
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
I.

XIX.

2.

Dichothrix meneghiniana (Kuetz.) De Toni. (After Wolle) (After Engler Dichothrix gypsophila (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah.

and Prantl)
3.

4.
5.

6. 7.

Dichothrix hosfordii (Wolle) Bornet. (After Wplle) Sacconema rupestre Borzi. (After Engler and Prantl) (After Bornet and Tliuret) Isactis plana (Harv.) Thur. (After Cooke) Rivularia pisum Ag. Rivularia natans (Hedw.) Welw. (After Teodoresco)

PLATE XX.
Fig. Fig. Fig.
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
1-3,
4.

Rivularia natans (Hedw.) Welw. (Original) Rivularia echinulata (Smith) Born, and Flah.

(After

Xemmer-

mann)
5, 6.

Rivularia polyotis (Ag.) Bornet and- Flah.

(After Bornet and

Thuret)
Rivularia borealis P. Richter. (After Richter) Rivularia minutula (Kuetz.) Born, and Flah. (After West) Rivularia atra Roth. ID. (After Wille) 11-14. Rivularia haematites (DC) Ag. (Original) Rivularia dura Roth. (After Cooke) 15. (After West) Rivularia coadunata (Sommerf.) Foslie. 16, 17. 18. Brachytrichia quoyi (Ag.) Born, and Flah. (After Gomont) Asterothrix creginii Wolle. (After Wolle) 19, 20. 21. Asterocytis ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi. (After Wille) 22. Glaucocystis nostochinearum Itzig. '(After Lagerheim) Forphyridium cruentum. (Ag.) Naeg. (After Cooke) 23. Cryptoglena americana Davis, (After Davis) 24, 25.
7-8.
9.
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