Next Generation Mobile Networks

Next Generation Mobile Networks (LTE and LTE Advanced)
Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Ss. Cyril and Methodius University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies Skopje, Macedonia
Email: tonij@feit.ukim.edu.mk
Telecommunications Revolutions
Considering the development of the telecommunications, one may distinguish among following revolutions:
Introduction of the automatic telephone exchange (at the end of 19th century) Digitalization of telecommunication systems in the 1970s, 80s and 90s Integration of circuit-switched connection-oriented telecommunication and packet-based connectionless Internet, in the 1990s and 2000s All-IP based networks, including wired and wireless ones, in the 2010s
Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Mobile Networks Evolution
GlobalICTdevelopments,20002010
100 90 Fi xed tel ephone l i nes 80 70 Per100inhabitants 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Active mobi l e broa dba nd s ubs cri pti ons Fi xed (wi red) broa dba nd s ubs cri ptions Mobi l e cel l ul artel ephone s ubs cri pti ons Internetus ers
Source:ITUWorl d Tel ecommuni ca ti on /ICTIndi ca tors da ta ba s e
Global ICT developments 2000-2010 (source: ITU)
J.M.C. Maxwell 1861 invention of the electro-magnetic theory G. Marconi 1895 start of the era of wireless communications NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephony), 1981 first widely deployed mobile system (first generation, 1G) 1991 - starts GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), starts the second generation (2G) mobile networks 2000 - starts 2G+ 2002 - starts 3G 2003 integration of wireless LAN and cellular mobile networks 2005 Mobile WiMAX standard 2008 LTE standard (Long Term Evolution) 2010/2011 IMT-Advanced, LTEAdvanced standard
The Wireless World

Wireless Wide-Area Networks
1G
2G
2.5G
3G
802.20 Mobile-Fi IEEE 802.16a WiMAX (fixed), 802.16e (mobile)
4G
WMAN
Wireless MetropolitanArea Networks
WLAN
Wireless Local-Area Networks
IEEE 802.11 b, a, g Wi-Fi 802.15.4 802.15.1 Zigbee

NFC
IEEE 802.11n
IEEE 802.15.3a UWB WiMedia
WPAN
Wireless PersonalArea Networks
Bluetooth
10 kbps
100 kbps
1 Mbps Current
10 Mbps Emerging
100 Mbps Future
1 Gbps
Legacy
802.21 Inter-Network Handoffs
WWAN
UMTS architecture
Node B RNC Node B HLR Node B RNC Node B UTRAN SGSN GGSN Core Network Other data network External networks GGSN MSC/ VLR GMSC CS domain PSTN, PLMN, ISDN etc.
PS domain Internet
Source of the Figure: Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.
Wireless IP for CDMA2000

Simple IP network HLR Home Access Provider Network RADIUS Home IP Network RADIUS Broker Network HA Mobile IP network
Signaling network
Internet
VLR
PDSN
RADIUS
Radio Network
Visited Access Provider Network
PDSN - Packet Data Serving Node RADIUS - Remote Authentication Dial In User Service HA - Home Agent
Wireless Broadband Positioning

z z z z z z z
Hotspot coverage (local network) All-IP network Low CPE cost Lower security No mobility support No explicit QoS support No guaranteed bit rate (shared pipe)
z z z z z z z
Broadband Wireless (metro coverage) All-IP Higher CPE cost Higher security QoS support Powerful power control Nomadic mobility
z z z z
Voice, data & multimedia on the full move Nationwide coverage Evolution from GSM/GPRS High security Full mobility
3GPP releases timeline

High Speed Accesses
IP Core Network
R99 R4
2001
Services R7
2006 2007
HSPA +
R5
2003 2004
R6
2005
HSPA UL
R8
2008
LTE
R9
R10
2000
UMTS
2002
HSPA DL
2009
2010
2011
LTE Adv
MMTel
Comm IMS
IMS
EPC
HSPA throughput evolution
Depending on the features implemented, HSPA+ can exceed the capabilities of IEEE 802.16e-2005 (mobile WiMAX) in the same amount of spectrum
One-Tunnel Architecture

In Release 7, there is the option of a one-tunnel architecture by which the network establishes a direct transfer path for user data between RNC and GGSN, while the SGSN still performs all control functions There is also an integrated RNC/NodeB option, particularly beneficial in femtocell deployments
HSPA One-Tunnel Architecture

Now something about LTE

Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth. Uplink peak data rates up to 87.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth. Operation in both TDD and FDD modes. Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz (1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz). Increased spectral efficiency over R6 HSPA by a factor of two to four. Reduced latency, to 10 msec round-trip times between user equipment and the base station, and to less than 100 msec transition times from inactive to active.
LTE Peak Throughput Rates

LTE/SAE Technology Life Cycle

LTE (Long Term Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for radio access technology. SAE (System Architecture Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for core network; LTE and SAE have been approached independently, but they are no more separable today.
Mass deployment Commercial deployment start Trial start
Standard finalized Standard developing
Initial study completed
Year
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2015 Source: 3GPP &UMTS-Forum
LTE Network Architecture
Source:Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) Hyung G. Myung http://hgmyung.googlepages.com/3gppLTE.pdf
System Architecture Evolution

IP networks
HSS PCRF
SGi IASA
SAE Anchor
S6
S7
EVOLVED PACKET CORE

S2 S5b
S4 SGSN S3
3GPP Anchor
S5a
MME/ UPE
Gb
Iu
S1
2G
GERAN
3G
UTRAN
LTE
LTE RAN Non-3GPP
MME = Mobility Management Entity UPE = User Plane Entity IASA = Inter-Access System Anchor
IMS / Common IMS

IMS is IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS developed as part of 3GPP Rel. 5 as an application development environment IMS retargeted in Rel. 7 for telephony replacement Common IMS specified in Rel. 8
Integration of IMS variants and requirements from 3GPP2, TISPAN, and Cablelabs
IMS
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
MMTel
2006 2007
Common IMS
2008 2009
UMTS (3G)
HSPA DL
HSPA UL
LTE
ITU requirements for 4G

Based on an all-IP packet switched network. Peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility. Dynamically share and use the network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell. Scalable channel bandwidth 520 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz. Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth). System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage. Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks. Ability to offer high quality of service for next generation multimedia support.
IMT-Advanced: umbrella for 4G standards
In September 2009, the technology proposals were submitted to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates. Basically all proposals are based on two technologies:
LTE-Advanced standardized by the 3GPP WiMAX 802.16m standardized by the IEEE
LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation
Release 10 LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation
Carrier Aggregation at Different Protocol Layers

Mobile Broadband Technologies: the Common Things
Mobile Broadband Evolution:

Bandwidth and Latency
~ 100 ~ 100ms ms DL: ~42Mbps UL: ~11Mbps DL: ~14.4Mbps UL: ~5.76Mbps DL: ~141Mbps UL: ~50Mbps
LTE
HSPA+
HSPA
DL: ~384Kbps UL: ~384Kbps ~70 ~70ms ms ~45 ~45ms ms ~15ms ~15ms
3G-WCDMA
2005
2006
2007 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 or later
Increasing Bandwidth
Decreasing Latency
LTE vs. the others

Technology Basic W-CDMA HSPA (2x5MHz) LTE (2x5MHz)
Monthly downlink traffic
230TB (5MHz)
500 TB
1800 TB
Typical cost per Megabyte at max. use of the network (Downlink)
EUR 0.06
EUR 0.03
EUR 0.01
Modeled for a 10 000 base-station network deployment

[Source: Analysys Research - Global Mobile Broadband: Market potential for 3G LTE , Jan.2008]
Main Competition: LTE & WiMAX ?

CN RNC RNC
Competition
NodeB
SAE GW
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
IP transmission network
WiMAX
aGW
LTE
eNodeB
eNodeB
LTE is ~ 2 years later than Its an evolution & revolution from HSPA to LTE Mobile WiMAX 1.0 (performance comparable to HSPA), furious competition
Large amount of IP transmission resource is necessary for LTE as well as WiMAX
3GPP & Mobile WiMAX Trends

Mobile WiMAX
Rel 1.0
802.16e-2005
Rel 1.5
802.16e Rev 2
Rel 2.0
802.16m
3GPP
HSPA
Rel-6
IP e2e Network
HSPA+
Rel-7 & Rel-8
IMTAdvanced
Ckt Switched Network
LTE & LTE Advanced

Mobile WiMAX time to market advantage
IP e2e Network
CDMA-Based OFDMA-Based
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
LTE Business Forecasts
Subscribers (Million)
Revenues (EUR Billion)
Services contribution to Revenue

[Source: Analysys Research - Global Mobile Broadband: Market potential for 3G LTE , Jan.2008]
LTE Deployment Scenarios

For such operators with heavy UMTS investment For such operators who prefer LTE to UMTS LTE R99+HSPA LTE HSPA R99+HSPA LTE HSPA R99+HSPA LTE LTE HSPA R99+HSPA LTE HSPA
LTE UMTS Hot spot /Dense Urban Urban /Sub Urban Rural
For those operators with heavy UMTS investment, LTE can be deployed as a complement at hot spots for higher capacity and better user experience. For those operators with less or no UMTS investment; who prefer LTE, LTE can be deployed at wide area together with UMTS network. Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
Upgrade for Existing Operators

Radio Access Network Backhaul Network Core Network
2G, 3G, HSPA
T1,E1s
2G, 3G, Core Network
Su pp ort for Le ga cy
RA N
Next Generation Access Network

Data Overlay or Replacement
Increased BH Capacity
All-IP Core Network
LTE or WiMAX
Comparable CAPEX for WiMAX today or LTE. Both require new spectrum
26
Conversion to all-IP core & increased backhaul capacity required in either case Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski
The Evolution of Mobile Multimedia

Non-Interactive Multimedia
Video Movies Music Ring tone
Person-to-Content
known usability patterns
Internet Text/Pictures Photos
Streaming Download HTTP
Interactive Multimedia
Video
SMS/MMS
Active phonebook Image
Person-to-Person
dominates traffic growth
Voice Text
Sharing Presence Push-To-Talk MMS SMS
Voice
Services: current vs. LTE
Source: Analysis Research/UMTS Forum 2007
Consumer Trends Worldwide:

Voice has competition or not?
Apple iTunes You Tube Media Downloads VoIP
10 billion
songs downloaded
Facebook
4 billion
videos viewed per day
Google Search
Video Streaming
Instant Messenger
Online Gaming
Email
30 800 million billion

users daily
Social Networking
Search
Service philosophy: anytime, anywhere and on any device

Voice over IP over Mobile
In mobile networks (WCDMA/HSPA) we differentiate: Consumer-rich calls Corporate rich-calls Plain vanilla voice
VoIP rich call
VoIP header compression

LTE delay budget for VoIP
Uplink and downlink transmissions have highest influence on the VoIP over LTE delay budget
Voice spectral efficiency
LTE uses as default dynamic scheduling for VoIP
However, we are going towards the Next Generation Networks in general, so
QoS-enabled mobile VoIP in NGN
VoIP establishment in NGN
VoIP data transfer in NGN
Mobile IPTV architecture
The multicast broadcast transmission is performed through the MBMS of LTE by adding only 1 additional functional entity: MBMS controller Multicast is a bandwidth conserving technology that allows an E-UTRAN to send packets (video segments in this case) to a subset of all mobile stations as a group transmission
Towards an All-IP Mobile Network

2G(+) BTS BSC BTS BSS 3G Node B RNC Node B RAN FutureG All-IP core network RAN 3G core network Internet GSM/GPRS core network
IP connectivity
Evolution towards an all-IP mobile network

Source: Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.
All-IP Wireless Network Concept

Portal
Content servers
2G / 2G+
Application Service servers creation User terminals
All-IP core network
3G
All-IP RAN
Telephony operator
Network operator
Content provider
Wireless LAN
Application provider Trusted provider
Broadband RAN
All-IP mobile network concept
Scenario for operators in wireless and mobile networks beyond 3G
Source: Toni Janevski, Traffic Analysis and Design of Wireless IP Networks, Artech House Inc, Boston, USA, 2003.
Need for Speed

10.000.000.000 1.000.000.000 100.000.000 10.000.000
4G More bits/sec per Hertz are required because spectrum is scarce 3.5G 3G LTE
bps
1.000.000 100.000 10.000 1.000 100 1960
2.5G 2G
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2015
Conclusion
Unified wireless IP network
Personal wireless networks
Wireless Local Area Networks
Cellular mobile networks
High-speed wireless networks
Emerging mobile and wireless networks will provide adaptive personal communication with high data rates in all-IP environment, allowing migration of users, devices and services between heterogeneous wireless networks ranging from GSM to wireless LAN and broadband mobile networks such as 3G-HSPA, LTE/LTE-A and Mobile WiMAX, as well as their future advanced versions, supporting different applications and using multimode mobile terminals to exploit different spectrums for different underlying wireless access technologies.
But, there are also more concepts
Open Wireless Architecture
Source of the Figure: Willie W. Lu, An Open Baseband Processing Architecture for Future Mobile Terminal Design, IEEE Wireless Communications, April 2008.
The 5G Mobile Networks - User-centric Approach

Terminal Policy Router Server
Transport, Session and Application Application Application
Virtual network layer
Network layer
Virtual network layer IP layer IP network layer
Network layer IP network layer
IP network layer
GSM/GPRS Non Access Stratum
UMTS Non Access Stratum
LTE Non Access Stratum
WLAN U-plane Interface
GSM/GPRS Access Stratum
UMTS Access Stratum
LTE Access Stratum
WLAN
Ethernet
Ethernet
Ethernet
GSM/GPRS PHY Channel
UMTS PHY Channel
LTE PHY Channel
WLAN PHY Channel
PHY
PHY
PHY
Source of the Figures: A. Tudzarov, T. Janevski, Protocols and Algorithms for the Next Generation 5G Mobile Systems, Systems Network Protocols and Algorithms, 2011.
Questions & Answers
Thank you !

Next Generation Mobile Networks

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Next Generation Mobile Networks (LTE and LTE Advanced)

Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Mobile Networks Evolution

Source:ITUWorl d Tel ecommuni ca ti on /ICTIndi ca tors da ta ba s e

Global ICT developments 2000-2010 (source: ITU)

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

The Wireless World

IEEE 802.11 b, a, g Wi-Fi 802.15.4 802.15.1 Zigbee

100 Mbps Future

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

802.21 Inter-Network Handoffs

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Wireless IP for CDMA2000

Visited Access Provider Network

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Wireless Broadband Positioning

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

3GPP releases timeline

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

HSPA throughput evolution

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

HSPA One-Tunnel Architecture

Now something about LTE

LTE Peak Throughput Rates

LTE/SAE Technology Life Cycle

Standard finalized Standard developing

Initial study completed

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

LTE Network Architecture

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

System Architecture Evolution

EVOLVED PACKET CORE

IMS / Common IMS

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

ITU requirements for 4G

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

IMT-Advanced: umbrella for 4G standards

LTE-Advanced standardized by the 3GPP WiMAX 802.16m standardized by the IEEE

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

LTE-Advanced carrier aggregation

Release 10 LTE-Advanced Carrier Aggregation

Carrier Aggregation at Different Protocol Layers

Mobile Broadband Technologies: the Common Things

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Mobile Broadband Evolution:

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

LTE vs. the others

Monthly downlink traffic

Typical cost per Megabyte at max. use of the network (Downlink)

Modeled for a 10 000 base-station network deployment

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

Main Competition: LTE & WiMAX ?

Large amount of IP transmission resource is necessary for LTE as well as WiMAX

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

3GPP & Mobile WiMAX Trends

Ckt Switched Network

LTE & LTE Advanced

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

LTE Business Forecasts

Revenues (EUR Billion)

Services contribution to Revenue

Next Generation Mobile Networks, Prof. Dr. Toni Janevski

LTE Deployment Scenarios

Upgrade for Existing Operators