Green Building Material Options

The process of selecting materials for a building project is a challenging task. The purpose of this section is to provide a framework for the evaluation of products and to offer environmentally preferable options to traditional building materials and techniques.

To evaluate a product, begin with its life cycle. Consider the source of the product and the effects of its extraction or manufacture. Ask yourself how it will be transported to the building site (and from what distance), how long the product will last, and what you will do with the material at the end of its useful life. By evaluating materials in this manner, you will be able to clearly identify concerns. See the following Green Building Material Selection Criteria Outline for more information.

This section of the guidelines has been organized into major building components. Please understand that although this is a guide to some of the options available today that can help to green up your individual project, it is not intended to be comprehensive. Our hope is that you will find additional products as you ask around about some of the products we have mentioned. The green product industry is growing and changing, and we encourage each of you to ask your local stores, lumberyard, architect, engineer, contractor, landscape architect or designer about these products. Consumer demand will increase their availability, and everyone will benefit from their use.

Constructing a building requires enormous quantities of resources and energy. By building smaller, smarter and more efficiently, we reduce the resources and energy necessary to make our buildings work. By selecting green building materials, we make a conscious decision to think beyond our project and consider the environment as a whole. Each individual building, remodel or addition becomes an opportunity to create a healthier and more efficient environment.

When selecting materials, it is important to keep in mind that there is no single correct solution. The goal is to make educated choices about the products that will be used in a particular project. You may use the following principles as a guide: Find ways to do more with less. If a material is not necessary, don't use it. If one material can fulfill the role of two or more, choose that material. Use the most environmentally sound products that you can afford. Balance economic costs with real environmental and social costs. Consider durability. Products that last longer need to be replaced less frequently, thereby reducing the waste stream to our landfills. A green label on a product does not necessarily mean that it is the best choice for your project. The most sustainable buildings use a whole building approach that combines innovative design with effective material selection and waste management. Think holistically and creatively. Each project is unique and provides an opportunity for new approaches and environmental problem solving. Use materials that are available through materials exchange programs, thus reducing the demand for new materials and encouraging reuse.

This document is not meant to promote any one individual, manufacturer or business, but rather to inform you about some known exceptional resources--many of which are available right in your community.

EVALUATE MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

M1

Green Building Material Selection Criteria

When evaluating individual materials, think in terms of a cradle-to-grave approach. Choose materials that minimize environmental and health impacts during: Resource Extraction Manufacturing Packaging and Transportation Installation Operation Disposal (Recycle/ Reuse)

To expand further, consider the following op performance standards for products:

Reduce demands on nonrenewable resources: Reduce dependence on fossil fuels in production, transportation and operation Reduce the use of old growth timber (Utilize juvenile timber products and wood alternatives that are toxin-free) Utilize salvaged products Be recyclable Contain recycled materials, preferably from post consumer waste Contain agricultural waste material Be energy and water efficient Be natural or minimally processed Reduce environmental degradation: Minimize habitat and watershed degradation Utilize alternatives to ozone depleting substances Utilize alternatives to polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs) Eliminate use of pesticides

When evaluating individual materials, think in terms of a cradleto-grave approach

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

Be free of toxic or harmful substances: Minimize the use of preservatives Minimize the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other toxins that reduce indoor air quality Block development and spread of indoor contaminants Not contain pesticides Not cause harm to humans, animals and the environment in extraction, manufacture, installation and demolition Help to reduce waste: Utilize salvaged materials Be designed to be dismantled and reused Avoid excess packaging Be efficiently designed; use modular building materials as standards Be exceptionally durable and have low maintenance requirements Be third party certified Examples of certifying organizations and labels are: Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) California Organic Standards Green Seal Scientific Certification Systems (SCS) Energy Star SmartWood

additional information
1. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), Washington, DC, (877) 372-5646 or www.fscus.org 2. Green Seal, Washington, DC, (202) 872-6400 or www.greenseal.org 3. Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), Oakland, CA, (510) 832-1415 or www.scs1.com 4. Energy Star, (888) STAR-YES or www.energystar.gov 5. SmartWood, Richmond, VT, (802) 434-5491 or www.smartwood.org 6. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
S7, M13, M18, H4, H6, W1, W2, W4, L5, L6, L11, L12

M1

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS

M2

he process of manufacturing concrete contributes to air pollution and uses large amounts of fossil fuel energy and water, but it is an essential part of most foundation systems. The

durability and strength of concrete can offset some of the negative aspects of its manufacturing process; and it can also be useful for its thermal mass. The amount of concrete used will vary greatly depending on which foundation system is selected.

Ground Floor Foundation Choices

Slab on grade with integral footings under bearing walls is an excellent and easy choice for gaining essential thermal mass in a building. This option allows for multiple uses from the same product: a structural system, finish flooring surface and thermal mass. As a finished floor, concrete can be sealed, pigmented, painted and textured to resemble natural stone and tile products, or can be an attractive and honest finish in its own right. Raised wood floor framing on stem walls over a basement or crawl space offers the ability to gain easy access to plumbing, ducts and other utilities. The stem walls can be made of either Cast in Place concrete, Concrete Masonry Units (CMU), or Stay in Place concrete forms.

Ingredient substitutes can be used to offset some of the environmental impacts of concrete manufacturing: Fly Ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, can substitute for 15 to 60 percent of the Portland cement in a mixture depending on the intended use. It is estimated that most concrete batches that come from the local plant contain anywhere from 15 to 20 percent fly ash content. Mixtures that contain fly ash can be slower to cure, are stronger and smoother, denser, more workable and less permeable.

The durability and strength of concrete can offset some of the negative aspects of its manufacturing process; and it can also be useful for its thermal mass.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Aggregates can consist of recycled concrete or other hard non-deforming material. Use of recycled aggregate promotes waste diversion from solid waste and inert landfills. By obtaining locally available aggregates, the adverse impacts of transportation can be reduced. Caution should be taken here, as engineers are typically wary of specifying material of unknown content and properties. A local concrete plant, Vulcan, indicates that its Santa Barbara plant is not set up to add recycled aggregate and that some contracts will not allow it. Admixtures are ingredients to promote bonding, sealing, coloring and accelerated curing. There are low toxicity, water based products available that meet California environmental standards.

NOTE: Discuss the use of these ingredients with your engineer or contractor to determine whether they might have adverse affects on your specific project or situation. Concrete is a poor insulator but a good conductor. When concrete is used for thermal mass and the opposing surface is exposed to an unconditioned space, insulation should be used to reduce conductivity.

additional information
1. For information about the availability of concrete with fly ash in the mix, call Vulcan Materials Co., (805)964-9931. A website is also available with information, www.flyash.com. 2. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
H1, L1, L7

M2

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: BLOCK WALLS

M3

hen compared to poured in place concrete, block wall systems offer an opportunity to use less concrete and often require less equipment intensive methods of construction.

These systems can be used for foundations, retaining walls and above grade bearing wall applications. All the systems listed below have the common requirement of a steel reinforced concrete core, but the forms vary in material content thus affecting their thermal efficiency.

BLOCK WALL OPTIONS

Concrete masonry units (CMU) are made of hollow concrete formed blocks. There are concrete blocks available that contain pellets of expanded polystyrene and wood chips that help to reduce the amount of concrete used in the manufacture of the block and as a result improve the overall insulative value of the block. When this product is left exposed or plastered it can provide an opportunity to gain thermal mass to the interior but can be thermally inefficient if not protected from the exterior. Verify product content and use local manufacturers to reduce transportation.

Insulated masonry units (IMU) are manufactured in the same manner and of the same material as traditional Concrete Masonry Units. The difference between the two systems is in their assembled final form. IMUs are dry stacked and held together with reinforcing bar and cement surface bonding stucco applied to both sides. Interior cores that are not grouted are filled with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam cores (EPS is made using nonCFC and HCFC polluting processes). This creates an insulated thermal mass that performs structurally like the CMU.

...block wall systems offer an opportunity to use less concrete and often require less equipment intensive methods of construction.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Insulated Concrete Forms are a stay-inplace system that offers high thermal efficiency (R-26 to R-40 depending on thickness). The form materials are low-toxic and made of EPS foam. These systems are lightweight, easily assembled and can have interior finishes applied directly. Rastra is a product name of another insulated concrete form. The difference is that this product is produced out of recycled post-consumer plastics, such as expanded polystyrene and mixed with concrete. It, like other forms, is filled with concrete and reinforcing bar to create a structurally and thermally efficient building.

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete is a process that traps air within the concrete and creates a product that insulates, is lightweight, is more workable than conventional concrete (it can be cut with a hand saw) and reduces the overall cement content. The units are solid blocks, lightweight due to trapped air, and offer a high strength to weight ratio.

additional information
1. Concrete masonry units: Air Vol, San Luis Obispo (805) 543-1314 Truestone, Oxnard (805) 485-1137 2. Insulated masonry units: Integrated Masonry Systems International, Ltd. (801) 235-1565 3. Insulated Concrete Forms: American Poly Steel, New Mexico (505) 345-8153 IceBlock, Las Vegas (702) 795-0974 KEEVA International, (480) 855-6641 www.oikos.com/keeva

Rastra, (623) 935-3585 or www.rastra.com Baubuilder Services (Rastra supplier) (360) 705-2868 or www.baubuilder.com
4. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete: BABB International, Inc., (706) 965-6061 or www.babb.com or www.startmyhome.com Innovative Masonry Systems, (888) 845-8240 or www.innovativemasonry.com Keystone Block, (570) 347-2011 Grand Blanc Cement Products, (800) 875-7500 or www.grandblanccement.com 5. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
M5, E7

M3

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE: WOOD

M4

he structural frame historically accounts for 70 percent of the total lumber used to construct the average U.S. residence, according to the Guide to Resource Efficient

Building Elements, (Mumma, Tracy). We should be aware that there are alternatives to dimensional lumber that can help reduce demand on forest resources, but keep in mind, when wood is sustainably harvested (look for FSC certification), it continues to be a renewable resource.

Alternatives to non-sustainably harvested wood:

Salvaged or reclaimed lumber is an excellent choice, that makes use of an existing material that needs little or no re-manufacturing. There are several reclaimed lumber companies in California including two in our local area (see additional resources below). Certified sustainable wood comes from forests that are managed in accordance with sustainable forest practices developed by the Forest Stewardship Council. Be skeptical of other certifications until you have verified their standards. Most certified products cost more than non-certified wood products. Look for recognizable labels and ask local lumberyards for these products.

Engineered Lumber Products:

Glue-Laminated Members Pre-manufactured Trusses Engineered I-Joist/Open Web joists Laminated Veneer Lumber and Finger Jointed Lumber These are examples of wood products that are manufactured from small pieces of wood, wood scraps or wood fibers held together with binders. These products make use of smaller diameter trees, not old growth forests, are resource efficient, stronger and more uniform than solid-sawn lumber. Although engineered lumber currently costs more than standard lumber, the market is growing and savings are realized in terms of reduced waste, labor, and superior quality. Look for engineered products that use certified sustainably harvested wood and non-formaldehyde binders such as polyurethane (MDI).

...when wood is sustainably harvested it continues to be a renewable resource

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs) are factory made wall panels consisting of a foam core sandwiched between two layers of Oriented Strand Board (OSB). This product reduces wood waste generated on site as panels are cut to exact wall specifications in the factory and manufacturers are able to recycle their own scrap. These panels reduce the time required for framing and insulating as one system covers both of these trades. Due to the tight construction tolerances and solid foam core, increased insulation properties may also be realized with SIPs. Buildings have been constructed in Santa Barbara County using this building system.

Wood Preservation
When using wood products that will come in contact with surrounding ground or that must stand up to outdoor exposure, there are products available that are non-toxic and are safe to use and dispose of. Preserve and Preserve Plus are chromium and arsenic free treated wood. Both of these systems offer protection from decay, rot, and termite attack and provide long term protection. Pac-Bor is lumber and plywood that is treated with borax. It is safe to handle and dispose of, and is effective against rot, fungi and wood destroying insects. This product is meant for above ground uses such as sill plates, framing lumber and flooring.

additional information
1. Salvaged and reclaimed lumber: Old Growth Redwood, Mendocino (707) 937-0918 Caldwell Building Wreckers, San Francisco (415) 550-6777 Crossroads Recycled Lumber, ONeals (559) 877-3645 Jefferson Recycled Woodworks, McCloud (916) 964-2740 or www.ecowood.com Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533 Habitat, Oxnard (805) 981-2268 Survivor Woods, Minneapolis, MN (612) 875-6966 2. Certified sustainable wood and engineered lumber: Hayward Lumber (805) 963-1881 Collins Products, Oregon (541) 884-2241

Truss Joist MacMillan (208) 338-0515

3. Structurally Insulated Panels: Premiere Building Systems (800) 275-7086 R-Control, made by AFM Corporation (800) 255-0176 4. Wood preservatives: Chemical Specialties, Inc, (800) 421-8661 Pacific Wood Preserving of Bakersfield, (661) 833-0429 5. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
M1, H4, W1, W2, W4, L3, L4, L7

M4

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE: NON WOOD

M5

y using non-wood building products we can help to offset the demand on forest resources. There are several options available. Detailed descriptions are included

below. Recycled-content steel studs are used more commonly in commercial projects but are gaining acceptance in residential markets. They are readily available and contain varying degrees of recycled content. Although these studs easily conduct heat through the building skin there are ways to eliminate the conductive bridge effect. This is a strong, stable, uniform product that helps to reduce forest depletion. Masonry units are a durable product that can accept many different finish materials. When left exposed on the interior of a building the material functions well as thermal mass. More information on this topic can be found in M3 (Block Walls). Poured-in-place concrete walls are strong and durable and share many of the same thermal characteristics of masonry. Remember concrete is a poor insulator and a good conductor so measures should be taken to prevent thermal transfer through the wall. Foam block forms are a newer technology that uses easily stacked, hollow foam units that require a reinforced concrete core. The foam units provide a thermally efficient wall that can accept many different finishes. More information on this product can be found in M3 (Block Walls). Rammed earth or pis is created using techniques similar to poured-in-place concrete systems. The two differ in the content of the mixture. Rammed earth mixtures contain cement, sand, water and soil, the last usually gathered from the building site. Design measures should be taken to protect walls from moisture.

Recycled-content steel studs are a strong stable product that helps to reduce forest depletion

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Insteel is a product that reverses the technology of the Foam Block Form. The system consists of a foam core with preinstalled welded wire mesh on each side, attached together through the core, ready to accept a high pressure sprayed concrete (gunite) surface. Once the concrete is in place the product can be hand troweled and is then ready to accept a plaster finish. The result is a thermally efficient wall with added thermal mass on the interior face. Four homes were recently built in Santa Barbara using this product.

Strawbale construction is an old method of building that is beginning to gain popularity in this region. The strawbales are used as infill between structural members and provide a highly insulated wall. The strawbales, once in place, are plastered on both sides providing a secure and fire resistant wall system, with excellent acoustic properties. There have been examples of load bearing strawbale walls being constructed, but no such structure has been permitted in Santa Barbara so far.

additional information
1. Insteel Construction Systems, (912) 264-3772 2. The Earth Building Foundation, Inc. maintains a website that contains information and links on the subject of earth building, including rammed earth building, www.earthbuilding.com 3. Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST) maintains a listing of strawbale references, resources, and builders, http://solstice.crest.org/efficiency/straw_insulation/ 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
M3, M8, W2, L10

M5

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: BUILDING STRUCTURE STRUCTURAL WALL SHEATHING

M6

n wood construction, the way walls resist lateral forces such as wind, settling soil and earthquakes is through shear panels attached to framing members. Used extensively

throughout a structure (roof and walls), these panels account for enormous amounts of wood. When selecting wall sheathing, be aware of material content and formaldehyde based binding agents, as off gassing may be highly toxic. Plywood is the most commonly used product for wall sheathing as it has excellent strength. Plywood that contains urea formaldehyde binders should be avoided, as it is toxic. Choose plywood containing a lesser formaldehyde content such as phenol formaldehyde or, best of all, methyl diisocyanate (MDI), a polyurethane resin, that is formaldehyde free. Also, consider the wood used and where it comes from. Oriented Strand Board (OSB) makes use of smaller, fast growing farm trees. This product can be used in place of plywood in sheathing and subfloor applications. Be aware of binding agents used in these products. Composite ply & OSB sheets make use of both technologies but use only the veneer woods on the outmost layers, helping to reduce dependence on large diameter trees. Thermo-Ply is made of 100 percent recycled material content (cardboard and office waste, and wood manufacturing waste) and is 99 percent recyclable. It does not use old growth, fast growing trees, or wood chips in the material content. The material is bonded by 100 percent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is one of the safest bonding agents available. All of these qualities are compounded with strength comparable to conventional plywoods and OSB. Use wall sheathing that is formaldehyde free or contains phenol formaldehyde, MDI (polyurethane resin) or better yet, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol). Avoid urea formaldehyde products entirely if possible.

When selecting wall sheathing, be aware of material content and formaldehyde based binding agents, as off gassing may be highly toxic.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

additional information
1. National Association of Home Builders, (301) 249-4000 or www.nahbrc.org 2. Sustainably harvested plywood: CollinsWood (800) 329-1219 (only manufacturer in North American ) 3. Thermo-Ply, manufactured by Simplex Products Division (800) 345-8881 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
H4, H6, H7, W1, L3, L7

M6

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: ROOFING

M7

he first defense from the elements is the roofing material. There is a wide variety of materials, styles, textures, and colors available. Metal products have high-embodied energy and entail hazardous manufacturing practices; however, their durability, recycled-content and recyclability may significantly offset this. Information should be obtained to determine product durability in our coastal environment. Aluminum/steel panel roofing is

Roofing options:
Terra cotta tile & slate shingles are durable materials, have very good fire resistance, and can be easily recycled. Heavier product weight may result in higher shipping costs and larger roof framing and truss dimensions. These products can be fragile. Fiber cement shingles are a mixture of cellulose fiber and cement, compressed into a dense waterproof tile. They are lightweight, durable (50-year warranty), non-flammable and can be easily recycled. Workers should be protected from material dust during construction. Lightweight concrete tile roofs are widely used in this area. Concrete achieves a Class A fire rating (the highest fire resistance rating) and is available in a several different styles and colors. Fiberglass shingles are durable, fire resistant, and inexpensive. Once in place, there is little chance of the fibers becoming airborne, but if cutting and demolition are involved precautions should be taken to avoid inhaling particulate matter. Metal roofs are durable, lightweight, fire resistant, low maintenance, can contain up to 100 percent recycled-content and may be recycled if not coated with a metallic substance.

relatively lightweight, low maintenance, durable, has high recycled content and can resemble tile or shake roofs. It can also be recycled at the end of its lifespan. Materials and labor are moderately expensive and the level of embodied energy is high as it is for all metals. Asphalt composition shingles are durable (some offer 40 year warranty), fire resistant, inexpensive and can contain recycled materials. However, recyclability of this material is difficult. Some manufacturers use fiberglass or an organic fiber base to give the product more flexibility and increase longevity. This product is not recommended. Asphalt is a petroleum-based product, uses non-renewable resources, is highly toxic, and pollutes during manufacture, use, and disposal. There is an organic asphalt roof available through Certain Teed Corporation ((800) 441-9850) that might be worth looking into.

Recycled glass can be used as a substitute for gravel over a built up roof.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Cedar shakes are not recommended due to the required use of old growth cedar trees, which have been significantly depleted and are very difficult to harvest efficiently. These shingles are expensive, not as durable as alternatives, and are susceptible to fire. Some fire retardants that are applied may be toxic.

Alternative Products:
Majestic slate tiles are made from 100 percent recycled industrial rubber and plastic. Eco-Shake is made from 100 percent recycled vinyl and reclaimed wood materials. The product offers a 50-year warranty, and a Class A fire rating and may be recycled into new Shakes after its lifetime. Photovoltaic shingles offer protection from weather elements plus the added benefit of producing energy for the building. Vegetation covered roofs, or green roofs as they are popularly known, can help to moderate interior environments, improve air quality and are an innovative stormwater management solution. These roofs may improve the microclimate by cooling and humidifying surrounding air. Due to the planting there is also improved sound absorption.

Flat Roof Options:

Built-Up roofing is a necessary application on flat or shallow sloping roofs. These roofing systems are inexpensive to install, fairly easy to repair and require periodic maintenance to avoid water damage to the structure. Membrane roofing materials are fairly new on the market but show promise as a stable product. They can be used on new and remodel projects. Recycled glass can be used as a substitute for gravel over a built up roof.

additional information
1. Fiber cement shingles: Fire Free (800) 347-3373 James Hardie Building Products (888) 542-7343 2. Lightweight concrete: Monier Lifetile (949) 756-1605 3. Majestic slate tiles: EcoStar, (800) 211-7170 or www.oikos.com/products/moisture/ecostar Eternit, (800) 233-3155 4. Eco-Shake are available through: Re-New Wood, Inc (800) 420-7576 5. Photovoltaic shingles are available through: UniSolar Roofing Systems, San Diego (619) 625-2080 6. Local roofing product suppliers: ABC Supply, (805) 957-1988 Sunshine Wholesale Roofing (805) 562-1101 7. Sarnafil, Downey, CA , (800) 268-0479 or www.sarnafilus.com/GreenRoofs

8. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
S1, E2, E7, H4, C5, C7, H7, W2, W4, L1, L2, L5

M7

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: ROOFING - CONSIDERATIONS

M7a

Recommendations:
1. Look for a product that offers durability, recyclability, and resource efficiency 2. Consider Fire Resistance. Many areas in Santa Barbara are prone to brush fires. Tile or cementicious roofing products are naturally fire resistant materials. Be aware of fire retardants applied to wood, as they may be toxic. 3. Color. Light colored roofs should be used wherever possible, as dark colors absorb heat and increase cooling loads. Since lighter colors absorb less heat, less thermal contraction and expansion occurs, resulting in a longer lasting roof. Always take into account the context of the project for example; use earth tones in foothill areas to minimize visual impact.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

MATERIALS: EXTERIOR SIDING

M8

ike roofing, the exterior siding of a building must withstand elements. Many of the same products for roofing can also be applied as siding. Choosing a siding with high durability,

low maintenance, recyclability and attractiveness is important. There are many options available today that meet all these criteria.

Siding Options:
Wood fiber composite sidings achieve a highly efficient use of wood fiber, which is recovered from manufacturing operations, and can replicate the appearance of traditional solid wood siding. Some brands have had problems with moisture, but with careful installation and diligent sealing this material can be a good choice. This products recyclability depends on the glues/binders used, as with other plywoods. Fiber cement siding is cost effective, durable, resistant to moisture, termite proof, offers a class A fire rating, and requires low levels of energy to manufacture. In addition, this siding may be textured to replicate a wood-grain appearance, and is available in panel, plank, shingle and shake styles. Workers should be protected from dust particles when cutting.

Metal siding is a material with a high recycled-content that significantly offsets its high-embodied energy level. Most metal siding is durable, requires little maintenance, is inexpensive and can be recycled if not coated with a metallic finish. Stucco siding is an exterior finish available with a concrete or adobe base, which has a low embodied energy level. Many new versions are available that combine synthetic fibers or acrylic compounds into the base. This product can be applied over many different substraights. Wood siding is not a recommended choice, as it is not very durable and requires frequent maintenance. Solid wood siding is combustible, and depletes reserves of cedar and redwood forests. If wood products are used look for sustainably harvested material.

Wood siding is not a recommended choice, as it is not very durable and requires frequent maintenance.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Vinyl siding is not recommended. It offers moderate durability, has a high-embodied energy content and requires frequent maintenance. Some versions of this siding contain a small amount of post-industrial scrap, however vinyl siding is currently not recyclable after use. In addition, there are significant environmental and health concerns associated with the use of PVC's, used in the manufacture of vinyl siding.

In addition to natural stone walls, broken or demolished sidewalks (also called urbanite) can be used in much the same fashion and diverts material from the landfill, however, an insulation break must be achieved between interior and exterior to prevent thermal transfer through wall.

Earthen Material Options:

Rammed Earth, adobe and stone masonry walls are examples of a single material serving multiple uses. These structures must be designed by a structural engineer. These materials have natural qualities that make them superior choices for moderating the interior temperature of the building.

additional information
1. Wood fiber composite siding: Weyerhaeser Choice Trim (800) 417-3674 Masonite Corporation, MiraTec (800) 826-6503 Masonite Building Siding, (312) 750-0900 Collins Products, LLC, TruWood (800) 417-3674 2. Fiber cement siding: Fire Free (800) 347-3373 James Hardie Building Products (888) 542-7343 3. Metal siding: Sure Built, Inc., Stockton (209) 460-1400 or www.surebuilt.com 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
M5, H4, W1, W4, L3, L5, L7

M8

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: WINDOWS

M9

indows have a tremendous influence on

the character, thermal comfort and energy consumption of a building. A window that is properly designed and oriented reduces reliance on mechanical means of heating and cooling by allowing for natural ventilation and heat gain when needed. In addition, windows provide natural daylighting, which affects interior aesthetics and reduces the need for artificial light.

Options for window glazing:

Double glass should be used in residential construction. Single panes are less energy efficient, whereas the cost of triple panes outweigh their performance in this area. The choice is not as straight forward in commercial buildings as much heat is internally generated by lights and inhabitants. Single pane glazing may perform only slightly worse than double, depending on orientation. Low emissivity reflective film (Low-E) can be applied to glass windows to reflect heat into the building or away from it, while still allowing visible light through. This should be used according to solar orientation. Vista Glare is a manufactured product name of a film applied to the glass used to reduce UV glare.

Gas filled windows have argon or other gases between their panes of glass, which lowers the conductivity through the glass. Users of this method should use caution and check with the manufacturer as the elevation of product assembly may differ from the project location and adversely affect the windows during transport, due to pressure change. Also, if you are in a drier area of the County, seals may contract over time allowing gas to escape, compromising the performance of this type of glazing. Electrochromic (EC) windows are currently being developed that change light transmission levels based upon changes in sunlight or interior temperatures. An electrical charge is employedeither automatically or manuallyto change windows from clear to heavily tinted. Look for these to become commercially available in 2003.

Steel/Aluminum frames are the least efficient frames available, as the metal is a conductor of heat and cold.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

Window Frames Options:

Wood frames are available clad in aluminum, vinyl, or fiberglass. The wood core provides thermal efficiency and an attractive interior finish, while the exterior cladding offers durability and low maintenance. Check to see if sustainably harvested wood frames, recycled content cladding and recycled glass were used. Fiberglass frames are thermally efficient and stable. Fiberglass is energy intensive to produce but its durability may outweigh the initial energy use. There are options available with pre-painted finishes in addition to a wood veneer that can be stained on the interior. This option can provide the feel and look of solid wood. The wood veneer windows tend to be quite expensive and the painted option tends to be about 10 to 20 percent more than vinyl windows. Solid wood frames provide a good thermal break between the interior and exterior. Finger-jointed and sustainably harvested wood frames are available through some manufacturers. If staining is required, frames are available with attractive surface veneers. Wood frames require regular maintenance, but will perform well when properly primed and painted.

Vinyl frames. Vinyl is a low conductive material that is durable and can provide the same profiles as wood. Vinyl windows are typically less expensive than other types of windows. However, vinyl contains chlorine, which may pose health hazards. These frames typically come with integral colors that eliminate the need for painting and maintenance, although wood veneers are available for staining if desired. Steel/Aluminum frames are the least efficient frames available, as the metal is a conductor of heat and cold. If you are thinking of using metal frame windows, make sure the frames are thermally broken, to prevent transfer of heat or cold. These frames are durable, come with factory color finish, and may contain some recycled content, but require a large amount of energy to produce, and require periodic maintenance of window beading, if putty is used as with many steel window varieties.

additional information
1. Low-Ereflective film: Hawk Retrofit, Inc. (301) 858-7127 or www.hawkretrofit.com 2. Vista Glare is available through LivinGreen (805) 966-1319 3. Wood, fiberglass and vinyl frames: Pacific Timber Products (carries Eagle windows), (805) 962-2202 Hayward Lumber (carries Andersen & Milgard windows) (805) 963-1881 Pella Store, Santa Barbara, (805) 683-5754 4. Steel frames: Hopes Steel Windows, New York (716) 665-5124 Torrance Steel Windows, Torrance (310) 328-9181 Kawneer, Visalia, (209) 651-4000 5. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
E1, E2, E3, W1, L1, L2, L3, L4, L8, L9, L10, L13

M9

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: WINDOWS - CONSIDERATIONS

M9a

Recommendations:
1. Purchase the highest quality windows your budget will allow, as this option is usually more energy efficient and more durable in the long run. It is one of the most important investments you can make in a building project. 2. Different glazing strategies apply to different compass orientations. For example, use low-E on west facing glazing where the sun is most severe. The idea here is to put the most efficient window where it does the most good. 3. If you have single paned wood windows, retrofit with insulating glass and refurbished frames. This doesn't require new manufacturing and creates less waste. 4. Consider salvage yards and manufacturers seconds for the solid wood windows that you want. Be aware that many older windows are not energy efficient due to single glazing and poor weather-stripping and may hinder energy saving efforts. 5. If replacing existing windows, recycle them. Andersen Windows (www.andersenwindows.com, (651) 264-5150) has a program that recycles every portion of old windows possible and reclaims lead paint that may have been used. Reclaimed materials are used in new products. 6. Weather strip existing windows and, if purchasing new, pay attention to the air infiltration rating. 7. Consider using retractable solar screens at windows to control solar heat gain. A local source: Wayne Pendrey Construction (800) 817-8905. 8. For a small fee, an energy consultant can model different options and scenarios for your project to determine how the building will perform from an energy standpoint.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

MATERIALS: DOORS

M10

oors share many characteristics and

principles with windows. Like windows, the materials and styles that doors are constructed of have a tremendous influence on the character, thermal comfort and energy consumption of a building. Doors that are properly constructed and installed can have a significant impact on heating and cooling costs.

Options for Door Construction:

Wood veneers are available for doors that provide a beautiful look and the feel of clear grain wood without using solid material. Some manufacturers may use Lauan, a mahogany found in the Philippines, especially on garage doors. According to Architects, Designers and Planners for Social Responsibility (ADPSR), the use of this material results in deforestation of tropical forests. Pressed board veneers are available that are made of Masonite, a natural wood dust. These veneers are bonded by high pressure without additional glues thereby avoiding off-gassing. These are only appropriate for interior doors and are available at most lumberyards.

Steel skin doors are durable, available in a range of styles, colors and now available in a simulated wood grain with realistic coloring. Many of these doors contain a foam core that provides good insulation. Fiberglass reinforced plastic doors are corrosion resistant, lightweight, impact resistant, insulated, waterproof and seamless. Many styles are available and today there are fiberglass molds available that replicate the texture of traditional solid wood doors. Clad frames achieve the best combination of wood and aluminum, vinyl, or fiberglass. The wood core provides thermal efficiency and aesthetic appeal to the interior, while the exterior clad surface provides durability and low maintenance.

...the materials and styles that doors are constructed of have a tremendous influence on the character, thermal comfort and energy consumption of a building.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Solid steel/aluminum doors are the least efficient frames available, as the metal is a conductor of heat and cold. These frames are durable, come with factory color finish, and may contain some recycled content, but require a large amount of energy to produce, and require periodic maintenance of window beading, if putty is used.

Solid wood doors are not recommended, unless sustainably harvested woods or reclaimed doors or lumber is used. Check with salvage yards and materials exchanges; many times salvaged, quality hardwood doors can be obtained at competitive prices.

additional information
1. Wood veneer doors: Saroyan Architectural Legacy Collection (800) 624-9309 For additional information, visit www.woodveneers.com 2. Steel skin doors: Steelcraft (800) 243-9780 Ceco Door Products (615) 661-5030 3. Fiberglass reinforced plastic doors: Therma-Tru (800) 537-8827 FRP Doors, LP (800-880-8306 ChemPruf Door Co, LTD (800) 444-6924 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
M1, W2, W4

M10

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: DOORS - CONSIDERATIONS

M10a

Recommendations:
1. When using glazed doors use dual glazing. 2. Purchase the highest quality doors your budget will allow, as this option is usually more energy efficient and more durable in the long run. 3. Look in salvage yards and manufacturer seconds for the solid wood doors that you want. Some sources: Habitat for Humanity ReStore Oxnard, (805) 981-2268 or Urban Ore, Richmond (510) 232-7724. 4. Verify that the binders and glues used in the veneer doors are not urea-formaldehyde. 5. Use the best possible weather stripping. 6. For a small fee, an energy consultant can model different options and scenarios for your project to determine how the building will perform energy-wise.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

MATERIALS: INSULATION

M1 1

nsulation is an integral part of any comfortable, energy-efficient building.

Factors to consider when choosing an insulation material include resistance to heat flow (R-value) resistance to air infiltration, cost, toxicity, resistance to moisture and rot, fire resistance, and availability.

Options for Insulation

Cellulose insulation is a blown in product that contains 75 to 80 percent recycled newspapers and telephone books. This product may be applied in loose fill or wet spray and is a good product for filling the gaps in framing. This product has Rvalues of approximately 3 to 4 per inch. NOTE: Chemical insecticides, fungicides, fire retardant and the newspaper inks themselves can be toxic, so caution must be used during installation. Additionally, some chemicals may off gas for long periods of time and there are health risks to both the building occupants and the installers of this product. Icynene is a sprayed foam insulation made from petroleum that creates very little pollution during its manufacture or installation. The R-value is 3.6 per inch; it adheres well to most materials, and is flexible so that it remains airtight with seasonal building movement. Icynene contains no formaldehyde, is noncorrosive, and no VOCs are detectable after 30 days of curing. This product can also be installed in existing wall cavities for retrofit projects. Icynene has been certified as contributing to improved indoor air quality. Silicate foam or Air Krete is a blown-in wet insulation. The R-value of this product is 3.9 per inch. Evaluated as the least toxic insulation on the market today, according to ADPSR, this product is effective at filling air gaps, uses no CFCs or HCFCs, and has low VOCs. Cost is comparatively higher. NOTE: Although it is lightweight and noncombustible, Air Krete is friable, so caution should be taken when working with dried product to avoid inhaling dust. Mineral wool insulation. Mineral wool insulation is composed of rock or slag wool, a by-product of steel production. This is a durable, fire resistant material with varying levels of embodied energy and an R-value between 3 and 4 per inch. This product was commonly used until fiberglass was introduced in the 60's and 70's.

Cotton insulation... made from 95 percent postindustrial waste (blue jeans and cotton t-shirts)... is an ideal product for chemically sensitive people.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Cotton insulation is a relatively new product on the market. It may be either installed in spray form or as batts. It has an R-value between 3 and 3.7 per inch and is made from 95 percent post-industrial waste (blue jeans and cotton tshirts). It is an ideal product for chemically sensitive people. Fiberglass insulation is the most commonly used insulation material today and has an R-value of approximately 3.4 per inch. This product, by law, must contain 20 percent recycled content. However, its overall energy production requirements are high, it is not very recyclable at the end of its useful life, and there are potential health hazards associated with its installation. If fiberglass insulation is used it should be either encapsulated in plastic or manufactured with longer, curled fibers, both of which pose fewer installation hazards.

Other Beneficial Products

Reflective foil or radiant barriers are thin sheets of foil made of recycled aluminum with the intent to reflect radiant heat away from or back into the building. There are a couple of different products available (i.e., reflective bubble wrap, foam core wrap and reinforced foil). They are effective, but are best used when accompanying insulation and not as a substitute. Ventilation baffles can be installed between the roof rafters in vaulted (attic-less) ceilings before insulation is applied. These baffles create an air channel between the top of insulation and the underside of roof sheathing thereby allowing air to flow in the roof cavity to prevent moisture buildup. This extends the life of roof framing and provides a way for heat to escape. This may not be permitted in high fire areas. NOTE: Check with local insulation companies for availability of these products. Demand will help to stimulate increased local options.

additional information
1. Santa Barbara Insulation, (805) 965-4962 2. Cellulose insulation: Green Stone Industries (888) 592-7684 3. Icynene: Contact Icynene, Inc. for certified local installers, (800) 758-7325 4. Air Krete: Palmer Industries (301) 898-7848 5. Mineral wool insulation: American Rockwell, Inc. (800.334.0394). 6. Fiberglass insulation: CertainTeed Corp. (800) 233-8990 John Mansville (800) 654-3103 7. Reflective foil: The Home Improvement Center/ Real Goods (800) 762-7325 Superior Radiant Insulation, San Dimas (888) 774-4422 8. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
E2, E4, E6, H3, H4, L6, L10

M11

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: INTERIOR PLASTER & WALL BOARD

M12

inishes include a large array of products and materials. Due to direct contact with building occupants the contents and potential health effects of finishes require rigorous

evaluation. The 'less is better' principle should be kept in mind while choosing finishes. If one material can perform the role of two or more, that material should be given preference. Plaster is the traditional wall surface found in older buildings. It can be applied to almost any base material. Pigments can be worked into the final coat in lieu of painting. Wallboard has largely taken the place of traditional plaster walls because of its price and ease of installation. It is a gypsum product often faced with recycled paper. Any waste scraps of this product may be recycled to make more wallboard. Locally the Santa Barbara County South Coast Transfer Station and MarBorg Industries both accept new gypsum wallboard scrap for recycling. Greenboard is a gypsum board product intended for wet areas, such as under tile or in bathrooms. These sheets are stronger and more resistant to water than typical gypsum board but will off gas due to some asphalt content. The sheets should be allowed to vent prior to installation. United States Gypsum Corporation (USG) manufactures many different gypsum wallboard products for specific uses, such as typical wallboard, green board and reinforced wallboard for high abuse areas. Using the right product for the job helps to reduce frequent replacement of material.

Wallboard has largely taken the place of traditional plaster walls because of its price and ease of installation.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

additional information
1. Gypsum wallboard recycling: Santa Barbara County South Coast Transfer Station (805) 681-4335 MarBorg Industries (805) 963-1852 2. Greenboard: United States Gypsum Corporation (312) 606-4065 3. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
S1, H4, W3, W4, L2

M12

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: INTERIOR PAINTS

M13

ost people are aware of outdoor air pollution and its effects on our health, but many are not aware that indoor air may be 2 to 5 times more heavily contaminated. Due to the

direct contact and high concentration of potentially hazardous materials in our homes and offices, special attention should be paid to the treatment of our surfaces.

Options include:
Water based latex paints with low or no VOC's. These products are odor free and help to keep the indoor air free of VOCs. These low or no VOC paints are available through most major manufacturers. Lime wash is a zero VOC lime-based coating blended with natural pigments designed to mottle to an aged and natural weathered effect immediately. The lime allows the building to breathe and moisture in walls is able to transpire into the atmosphere. Milk paint is another zero VOC alternative that has a long history of use. The protein in milk is water-soluble, yet dries to a hard finish that is durable and will not fade.

Recycled paints are available at no cost through the UCSB Hazardous Waste Collection Center, call (805) 893-7250 for availability and hours of operation. The purpose of this service is to use discarded paint. Low- or no-biocide paints. Oil based paints with low VOC. Plant or mineral based paints. See www.built-e.com, paints and finishes for a wide range of plant-based & low VOC alternatives. As a paint alternative, consider plaster with an intregal color, thus eliminating the use of paint altogether. Veneer plaster is available in most hardware stores.

As a paint alternative, consider plaster with an intregal color, thus eliminating the use of paint altogether.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

Recommendations:
1. Select paints with low or no VOCs. 2. Do not select paints with formaldehydes and heavy metals. 3. In older buildings, be cautious of existing lead paint. Self-testing kits are available, or testing companies can determine if existing paints are hazardous and can direct you in the proper handling or removal procedures. See regulations CAL-OSHA, USEPA, etc, websites and advisory hotlines are available. A list of certified testing labs is available from the local health department. 4. Chemically sensitive people may still react to natural paints. 5. Dispose of used paints at the Hazardous Waste collection center on the UCSB campus. Contact the Community Environmental Council for information on materials accepted and hours of operation (805 963-0583). 6. Never pour any paint down sink drains or street gutters.

additional information
1. Water based latex paints: Frazee Paints (805) 962-0051 Benjamin Moore Paints (805.962.6640). 2. Lime wash and milkpaint : Decorative Protective Coatings (carries limewash and milk paint) (805) 963-3126 Old Fashioned Milk Paint Co. (508) 448-6336 3. Low- or no-biocide paints: AFM Enterprises, 619) 239-0321or www.afmsafecoat.com Best Paint Co. (206) 783-9938 ChemSafe Products, (210) 657-5321 or www.environproducts.com Livos Phytochemistry, (508) 477-7955 or www.livos.com 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
S7, M1, H4, H6, H7, W3, L3, L5, L7, L11

M13

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: INTERIOR MILLWORK & CABINETRY

M14

rim has typically been made of traditionally harvested solid wood. Today other options are available. These include: Non-wood polystyrene trim and formed
polymer resin can be custom cut to any

Millwork
Sustainably harvested wood products should be used. Look and ask for the FSC certification at your local Lumberyard. Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is a stable and economical material made of wood fibers compressed together. This material works well for paint grade applications and is available in many historic moldings. Reclaimed wood that has been removed from existing buildings is a sustainable alternative to virgin lumber. This can be obtained at salvage yards and materials exchange programs.

shape. This material exists on many buildings in Santa Barbara as a base for decorative exterior moldings. These products can be used on the interior as well, they do not splinter, are often lighter than wood, and are not subject to insects and decay.

Reclaimed wood that has been removed from existing buildings is a sustainable alternative to virgin lumber.

Cabinetry
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) is a stable material made of wood fibers compressed together. Medite Corporation is one brand of particleboard that uses a non-toxic binder. Agricultural composite board are

Finger-jointed wood for use when the trim is to be painted. This wood uses small scrap pieces of wood and joins them to create straighter solid pieces of wood.

made from agriculture by-products such as wheat, straw, and sunflower seed husks. They are non-toxic, use emission free binding agents, are lighter in weight than wood particleboard, and meet or exceed the standards for highest grade particleboard.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Certified hardwood veneer panels typically use a wheatboard core and panel veneers made from certified sustainably harvested sources.

Bamboo is a quickly regenerating weed that is both durable and beautiful. Cabinetry can be made from bamboo plywood sheets. Bamboo is cost competitive as a flooring material, but somewhat more costly as a sheet materials.

additional information
1. Medium density fiberboard: Saroyan Lumber Company (323) 589-5704

Medite Division of SierraPine Ltd, Roseville (800) 676-3339

2. Reclaimed wood: BDs Enterprises, Oxnard (805) 984-2842 Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533 Habitat for Humanity ReStore, Oxnard (805) 485-6065 3. Polystyrene trim and formed polymer resin: HydroFoam, Santa Barbara (805) 886-1123 Higgins Lumber, Santa Maria (800) 241-1883 4. AgriBoard: LivinGreen, Santa Barbara (805) 966-1319 United Board Group (manufacturer), (701) 642-9700 5. Certified hardwood veneer panels: Architectural Forest Enterprises (manufacturer), San Francisco (800) 483-6337 6. Bamboo: LivinGreen (805) 966-1319 7. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
M1, H4, H6, W2, L3, L6, L10

M14

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: INTERIOR FABRICS, WINDOW AND WALL COVERINGS

M15

verything we add to our buildings has a potential effect on the health of the occupants. Fabrics on pillows, bedding, and furniture as well as our window and wall coverings

should be a concern. Products not made from petroleum-based resources create the healthiest interior environment.

Fabrics
Hemp fabrics are an alternative to cotton and linen. Hemp grows very quickly, requires no pesticides or fertilizers and replenishes rather than depletes the soil. Compared to cotton fibers, hemp fibers are stronger, more lustrous and are more mildew resistant. The product is versatile and can be woven as a sturdy upholstery or even a sheer window covering. Selection and availability is limited. Organic cotton is grown without the use of pesticides or chemical fertilizers, in fertile soils that are kept healthy through composting and crop rotation. Because it is produced on a smaller scale, the fabric is more expensive and fewer color options are available.

Natural color cotton is naturally pigmented and does not require bleaching or dying. Colors range from shades of brown or reddish brown to green and yellow. Green cotton is a marketing term that is used to describe cotton that has not been bleached, but is grown in the conventional manner. It does not have the environmental benefits of organic cotton. Ramie comes from a linen-like plant and when combined with wool, is used in environmentally preferred commercial fabrics. It is one of the strongest natural fibers and exhibits even greater strength when wet.

Hemp grows very quickly, requires no pesticides or fertilizers and replenishes rather than depletes the soil.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Synthetic fabrics, made of 100 percent post-consumer or post-industrial materia, can be used in green commercial interiors. These fabrics are made with increasingly sustainable manufacturing processes and produce a high quality product that is recyclable or compostable after its useful life. The fabrics are certified by an independent environmental institution and are available through local fabric and upholstery stores.

Natural cotton fabrics can be used for window shades as well. These fabrics are available from most window treatment retailers. NOTE: Consult with your interior designer regarding availability of these and other environmentally preferable fabrics.

Wall Coverings
Consider natural wall coverings that contain grasses, bamboo, recycled wood, paper and/or cotton and silk fibers. Wall coverings should be avoided if possible due to potential off-gassing from petroleum based products and glues used in their manufacture.

Window Coverings
Bamboo window shades are a natural product that offers good sun protection. They are available in many different styles and looks.

additional information
1. Natural and organic fabrics: LivinGreen (805) 966-1319 Real Goods Catalog (800) 762-7325 Harmony Catalog (800) 869-3446 Foxfire colored cotton, www.foxfibre.com 2. Websites for green commercial fabrics: www.greendesign.net/bcnews/julaug96/greenfab.htm www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ohioline/hyg-fact/5000/5501.html 3. Bamboo shades: Smith and Noble is a mail order catalog that offers some varieties (877) 484-5801 See also www.1stblinds.com 4. Natural wall coverings: LivinGreen (805.966-1319). Design Materials, Inc (No-flame Sisal wallcoverings) (800) 654-6451 Organic Cotton Wallpaper ( San Diego) (619) 338-9432 5. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
E2, H4, L10, L11

M15

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: HARD FLOORING

M16

looring in our buildings can have a dramatic affect on the health of our indoor environment. Flooring is subject to an enormous amount of impact, so durability is a key

issue. We should also choose flooring that is resource efficient, and does not use chemicals that off gas.

Flooring Options
Bare concrete slabs offer multiple benefits. They provide durable, easily cleaned surfaces, and are a great source of thermal mass. They can also be beautiful finished floors. If left exposed, slabs should be sealed. Concrete slabs can be colored, scored and textured to create interesting patterns and combine well with radiant floor heating systems. Natural stone or recycled glass tiles are excellent choices for durable low maintenance flooring. Use low-toxic grouts, mortars, adhesives and sealers to get the most out of this healthy product. Tile flooring is another excellent choice for thermal mass.

Bio-composite flooring is composed of natural ingredients such as soybeans and agriculture by-products. No petroleum-based binders are used and there is no formaldehyde off gassing. It is durable, 1.5x the hardness of oak, and easy to maintain. It may be polished and patterned. Can be used on either floors or countertops. Lightweight concrete can be manufactured in variety of colors and almost any additional material can be added to the mix, for texture. The material is then ground smooth for a look much like terrazzo. Can be used on either floors or countertops. Terrazzo is a highly durable surface that can be textured with different colors and can be cast in almost any floor design. This material was popular in the 50s and the 60s and can still be found in the occasional storefront entry way. This product is essentially a concrete that has been ground and polished.

Bio-composite flooring is composed of natural ingredients such as soybeans and agriculture byproducts.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Terratile is a handmade cast-in-place product consisting of clay soil and Portland cement. This product is poured in place and stamped to look like tile or can be finished in other textures. Color can be modified by varying the soil ratio mix. This flooring is durable, natural and has a high thermal capacity, but should be finished with products that allow vapor transpiration while remaining waterproof. Royal peasant floors (also refered to as cob) can be created using readily available, natural materials. Made of sand, clay and fermented diced straw, it is soft, durable, economical and can be applied over slab or wood subfloor. It has great thermal capacity as well and should be finished with natural oils or waxes.

Wood floors are durable, aesthetically pleasing and easy to maintain. There are many sustainable options: - Reclaimed wood flooring is economical but often needs a glued installation. - Sustainably harvested wood flooring. - Bamboo flooring is hard, durable and looks like wood, but being a grass, is fast growing and quickly renewable.

additional information
1. Natural and recycled tiles: Sandhill Industries, (907) 451-6508 or www.sandhill.com

The National Terrazzo & Mosaic Association, Inc. www.ntma.com Terragreen, www.terragreencaramics.com LivinGreen (805) 966-1319
2. Reclaimed wood: Maxwell Pacific, Malibu (310) 457-4533 VCMAX Ventura County Material Exchange, www.rain/~swmd/vcmax 3. For information on bamboo as a building material: Bamboo Style Living with Bamboo Indoors & Outdoors, available through Gibbs Smith Publishers, (800) 748-5439 or www.gibbs-smith.com 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
H1, H4, H6, W1, W2, W3, W4, L1, L6, L10

M16

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: FLOOR COVERING

M17

loor coverings are available today that are manufactured from a range of recycled and non-toxic materials. Carpet traps dust, molds, bacteria and needs frequent replacement.

Moreover, used carpet accounts for a large percentage of waste in our landfills and some synthetic carpets can take more than 100 years to biodegrade, if at all.

Carpet options:
Recycled-content carpet is now made from plastic bottles, wool or cotton, as well as used carpet. These carpets are often more stain resistant than conventional nylon carpet, and save resources by diverting waste from landfills. Carpet tiles are available for commercial use. These allow for easy replacement of small worn or damaged areas or placement swapping with lesser-traveled swatches. Carpet leasing is another commercial option that requires manufacturers to carry responsibility for maintenance, replacement and recycling after use. Sisal, coir, jute, seagrass and wool are rapidly renewable materials available for use in mats or carpets. They are strong, durable, and do not require pesticides or fertilizers to grow. The benefit of using mats is that they can be easily removed for more thorough cleaning.

Carpet pad and underlayments:

Recycled-content padding may contain tire rubber, textiles, or foam, which diverts materials destined for landfills. It can be used in both interior and exterior floorings. Such underlayments are dense, durable, and have a long life expectancy. Be aware of potential off gassing, as there are associated health risks.

Recycled carpets are often more stain resistant than conventional nylon carpet and save resources by diverting waste from landfills.

Durable flooring options:

Natural Linoleum is comprised of cork, wood fiber and linseed oil. It is a durable product, lasting 40 years or more and is available in a variety of colors. It is abrasion resistant, thus reducing the need for frequent replacement, and it outlasts vinyl flooring by 15 to 25 years. Cork is a lightweight, fire resistant, moisture and rot resistant flooring material that is also a great sound insulator. Choose sustainably harvested cork with no toxic finishes.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

 Vinyl/Rubber flooring is made mostly of PVC. Though manufacture of these products is extremely toxic, rubber flooring is often made from recycled tires and makes for a durable floor. Off gassing is associated with both of these products and therefore installation areas should be well ventilated.

additional information
1. Natural carpet sources: Naturlich/Natural Home, Sebastol (707) 824-0914 Interface (800) 336-0225 Milliken Carpet (800) 241-4826 Dupont Carpet Reclamation (800) 328-7719

Natural Floorcoverings (707) 824-0914), www.naturalhomeproducts.com

2. Recycled carpet padding sources: Dura Undercushions, Ltd (800) 295-4126 Reliance Carpet Cushion Division in Oakland manufactures carpet pads made from pre-consumer textile waste fibers and recycled carpet fibers (800) 533-5908 3. Durable flooring sources: Forbo Industries (natural linoleum), (800) 342-0604 Dodge-Regupol (cork and vinyl), (800) 322-1923 or www.regupal.com Natural Cork, (800) 404-2675 or www.naturalcork.com 4. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
H4, H6, W2, W4, L1, L2, L3, L11

M17

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

MATERIALS: MISCELANEOUS BUILDING ELEMENTS & OPPORTUNITIES

M18

here are a variety of products available that aim to reduce our use of resources and make use of waste otherwise headed for our landfills. Locally and statewide there are

material exchange programs that may have the very products you are looking for. The Santa Barbara News Press contains a material exchange section, every Wednesday in the Classifieds. Sponsored by the Santa Barbara Contractors Association and The Sustainability Project, listings are free. In Ventura, VCMAX, the Ventura County Material Exchange program, offers a variety of materials ( 805) 684-9226, www.rain.org/~swmd/vcmax). CALMAX is a statewide material exchange program. Call (916) 255-2369 to request a catalog, or visit their website at www.ciwmb.ca.gov/calmax.

Site
Recycled rubber products make use of millions of used tires deposited in landfills every year. Presently, recycled rubber is used most commonly for the tire stops that are found in many parking lots. This product is easily installed with hammered stakes and takes the place of heavy concrete stops. Some manufacturers also offer speed bumps and dock bumpers made from the same recycled material. Permeable paving systems are available that allow water to stay on site rather than flow to our streets and ultimately to the ocean.

Plastic lumber
Plastic lumber pieces can be used for

Locally and statewide there are material exchange programs that may have the very products you are looking for.

furniture and fence designs, but because of their high weight and low strength; conventional lumber is required for the structural systems when they are used on decks. These products can also be used for railing, fencing and landscape edging if the correct support structure is constructed. Plastic composite members have been developed to take the place of wood for outdoor decks. Decks constructed from plastic composite never need sanding, finishing or sealing and do not give off splinters. They are durable and come in a variety of textures, colors and material composition.

Fencing & Poles

Bamboo, a non-wood substitute that is actually a weed, is a strong product that is resistant to decay, and can be assembled in a variety of ways.

SANTA BARBARA COUNTY GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES

Interior Partition Walls

Demountable partitions are an alternative

Sound & Tack Boards

Homesote is a 100 percent recycled product made of recycled waste paper. It is formaldehyde free and is designed for use as a carpet underlayment for sound deadening but may be used as a tackboard on vertical surfaces as well.

to framed stud walls in interior office environments. These walls come in sections with gypsum board on each side of a steel channel structure. The panels are easily moved and installed in top and bottom tracks fastened to the floor and ceiling. Manufacturers offer the walls in different textures and colors, but they can also be painted. The benefits are speed of installation and ease of relocation.

additional information
1. Bamboo: Available through LivinGreen (805) 966-1319 2. Plastic lumber: Trex (800) 289-8739 Hayward Lumber (carries bothTrex and Nexwood plastic lumber) (805) 963-1881 3. Recycled rubber: Scientific Developments, Inc. (800) 824-6853 4. Permeable paving: Air Vol, San Luis Obispo (805) 543-1314 5. Demountable partitions: USG (714) 978-0901 Pacific Acoustics North (805) 963-1538 6. Homesote (manufacturer), (800) 257-9491 7. Consult with your green building team for specific recommendations and information on this subject

related patterns
S7, H4, H6, W2, W4, L5, L6

M18

THE SUSTAINABILITY PROJECT 2001

RESOURCES

MR

Green Building Materials Resources General

http://www.oikios.com Oikos offers a vast amount of information on environmentally responsible building construction. The site includes a database of 1800 green building materials and a book store. This is an excellent site for finding specific building materials. http://www.greenbuilder.com Online collections of information on alternative building techniques, materials and assistance. Contains the city of Austins green builder program, Sustainable Building Sourcebook. http://www.greenguide.com Database of green building materials. This site is geared towards architects, builders and other design and building professionals. http://www.buildingforhealth.com Healthy, environmental building materials, appliances and home comforts. http://www.ioa.com/~shelterecology Environmentally safe building and interior products/services http://www.healthyhome.com Natural and non-toxic materials for building/remodeling

Materials Resources Materials Exchanges

CALMAX California Materials Exchange, (877) 520-9703 or www.ciwmb.ca.gov/calmax Lists materials in a monthly publication that is distributed statewide and on-line. Habitat for Humanity ReStore Ventura, (805) 485-6065 or www.habitat.org Accepts donations of building materials of all kinds. Resold items profit Habitat for Humanitys housing program for low income families. All donations are tax deductible. Retail facility is open on weekends only. Santa Barbara News Press Building Materials Exchange, (805) 963-4391 or FAX (805) 966-1421 Sponsored by the Santa Barbara County Contractors Association and TSP, building materials can be listed for free and are advertised in a column in the classified section every Wednesday. BDs Enterprises, (805) 984-2842 or rarewood2000@cs.com Salvaged wood broker. Links used lumber sellers with buyers, preventing the need for material storage and marketing. Fees range widely, with the opportunity for profit with unique or quality materials.