PROCTER AND GAMBLE'S BEST SELLER In 1879, William Procter and James Gamble's best seller was candles.

They had begun business together in Cincinnati. While they were in peak of popularity, the candle company was in trouble as Thomas Edison had invented the light bulb. It looked as if their candle product would become obsolete. People would like to use light bulb and would not use candle anymore. The fears became reality when the market for candles plummeted since the candle products were now sold only for special occasions. The outlook of candle-company appeared to be bleak and depressing for Procter and Gamble. The situation was more miserable. Several months later the accident occurred. Without thinking one of the employees left to go to lunch and forgot to turn off the machine. Since the machinery was left in operation, air would work its way into the mixture. However after discussing with his supervisor, the employee decided not to discard the mixture. Instead, he poured the mixture into frames and the soap hardened. Thus, the floating soap was born. Harley Procter decided to give the soap a name that people could remember. Then the soap was named IVORY. This ivory soap became the mainstay of the Procter and Gamble Company. Amazingly, Procter and Gamble began to receive letters from buyers of this "accidental" soap. They wanted more of the soap that floats. Ivory soap was introduced to the marketplace. Even though this interesting formula was one of their best products, they were perplexed as to how this happened. The mysterious formula for the floating was from the accident. Answer the following questions based on the text above: 1. What is the main idea of the paragraph? 2. Whats the type of the text above? 3. What do you think Procter and Gambles citizenship? 4. Was Procter and Gambles heyday in 1879? Why! 5. What was the cause of the candle company in a not hopeful or encouraging situation? 6. Why was the floating soap called the mysterious formula? 7. What does the word accidental imply in the text above? 8. What does the phrase special occasions imply in the text above? 9. What does the word mainstay refer to? 10. Who is Harley Procter? Find each word from the text to change the following phrases appropriately: 11. completely lacking in a particular good quality 12. out of date 13. decrease rapidly in value or drop down 14. special events 15. unhappy or uncomfortable

Text B. HOW TO MAKE CANDLE Making colored and scented candles is really quick and simple. We'll save so much money. What we need in making candle are wax, moulds, wick, dye discs, essential oils, and a double boiler. All these materials are available from craft shops. After providing the materials, then follow this instruction in making candle. First of all, melt the wax. All wax has a flash point, so to prevent it bursting into flames; you must melt it in a double boiler, with water in the bottom pan. Then, prepare the mould with the wick. Thread the wick through the mould and make sure that you leave a good few centimeters sticking out of the hole in the bottom. After that, add the scent. If you want a scented candle, add a few drops of essential oil to the melted wax. You can use any essential oil you like, as long as it doesn't contain water. Next step, pour the wax into the mould. Try and tip the wax into the mould quickly, all in one go, to minimize spillage and air bubbles. Then, release the bubbles and top it up. Releasing the air bubbles will eventually make the candle sink, so you will need to top it up with more melted wax. Finally, remove it from the mould. After four or five hours, the candle can be taken out of its mould. Your candle is now ready for display. Remember, you must always leave it for a day before lighting it. Answer the following questions based on the text above: 1. What is the main idea of the paragraph? 2. Whats the type of the text above? 3. What are the goal, materials, and steps to accomplish the process in the text above? 4. Find the adverbials of detailed time, place, or accurate ways in the text! 5. What is the social function of the text above?