Instituto francisco Javier mina Tesina 4 sem.

Ingles Javier de los reyes

Gianny Roberto Jasso Serratos.

Introduction: This thesis is composed of all the work and exercises that we have seen in these two years of high school in the subject of English of which some were a bit complicated to understand but doing this work the doubts disappeared. This work is summarized everything we learned in the subjects of English so as to understand in an easy way.

Dedication. Good this immense work that left me perform who dedicated it to the people that i always walk by supporting in the good and bad and these people are my family, my great friends and my colleagues. That the truth without their support would have been unable to make this great work. In addition, this work helped me in a long, why i say this, is that helped me make more responsible and not to do so one day in advance as we are accustomed some person myself. This dissertation i realize that all my years learning english were not in vain, that, in reality if i have learned many things, but in addition i have played very good teachers who help us, explain and we reinforce our doubts. This year between the Institute FCO. JAVIER MINA knew a little english but i realized that many companions of the hall knew english and or was the only, but the truth if we take care, we work and practice we learn things, but we will always win the debility and there are hurt us much, but i realized that if we leave this to one side and are doing the right thing we can be a better person.

THE VERB (TO) BE

This verb is essential since you use it like auxiliary too. To be in Spanish mean: Ser o estar The verb to be is conjugated that way when the sentence is affirmative: Pronoun + verb to be I am You/we/they are He/she/it is When the sentence is negative the verb is conjugated that way: Pronoun + verb to be + not I am not You/we/they are not He/she/it is not And finally when you want ask with the verb to be is that way:

Verb to be + pronoun+? Or Verb to be+ not + pronoun +not (whit I am) + ? When the question is negative Am I? Am I not? Are you/we they? Are not you/we/they? Is not he/she/it?

ADJECTIVES OR DETERMINERS

An adjective say us how be a thing, object or person in others words describe something or someone The main kinds of adjectives are: 1. Of quality: square, good, golden, fat, heavy, dry, clever 2. Demonstrative: this, that, these, those 3. Distributive: each, every, either, neither 4. Quantitative: some, any, no few, many, much, one, twenty 5. Interrogative: which, what, whose 6. Possessive: my, your, his, her, its, our, their Adjectives in English have only one form, which is used whit singular and plural, masculine and feminine nouns: A good boy/ Good boys A good girl/ Good girls

The only exceptions are the demonstrative adjectives this and that, which change to these and those before plural nouns: This cat/ these cats That man/ those men Adjectives rules 1. Usually come before their nouns 2. Never in form of plural 3. Sometimes a substantive is used like an adjective When there are two or more adjectives before a noun they are not usually separated by and except when the last two are adjectives of color. A big square box A black and white cap Adjective After Verb

An adjective can come after some verbs, such as: be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound Even when an adjective comes after the verb and not before a noun, it always refers to and qualifies the subject of the sentence, not the verb. Look at the examples below: subject verb adjective Ram is English. Because she had to wait, she became impatient.

Is it getting dark? The examination did not seem difficult. Your friend looks nice. This towel feels damp. That new film doesn't sound very interesting. Dinner smells good tonight. This milk tastes sour. It smells bad. These verbs are "stative" verbs, which express a state or change of state, not "dynamic" verbs which express an action. Note that some verbs can be stative in one sense (she looks beautiful | it got hot), and dynamic in another (she looked at him | he got the money). The above examples do not include all stative verbs. Note also that in the above structure (subject verb adjective), the adjective can qualify a pronoun since the subject may be a pronoun. Adjectives Adjectives describe nouns. Simple as that. Know Your Adjectives has grammatical information about any adjective.

Adjective Usage Adjectives are either attributive or predicative. Attributive adjectives appear before the noun (the red car), while predicative adjectives appear after the noun and a linking verb (the car is red). Almost every adjective can be attributive and predicative, with a few exceptions (main, only, etc.). Only Gradable Adjectives can have comparative and superlative forms (faster, fastest, older, oldest); Non-gradable Adjectives (like male, female, unique, etc.) can only occur in their basic form, called the positive form (fast, old, male, female). See Comparison of Adjectives for a short review.

English has an unofficial rule regarding the order of ajdectives; for example, the wooden, red box doesnt sound quite right, but the red, wooden box does. To understand these subtle rules, people have organized adjectives based on their meaning (size, color, material, etc.). See Adjective Order in English for a quick look and Order of Adjectives in English for a detailed table and analysis.

Types of Adjectives

Adjectives of Relation childlike, pillowy, bookish, etc. Adjectives of relation are formed by adding a suffix to a noun. Some adjectives of relation, called non-standard or irregular adjectives, come from a root word other than the common noun (bovine instead of cow-like, marine instead of sea-related). See the List of Irregular English Adjectives. Proper and Common Adjectives Swedish chocolate vs. dark chocolate. See Capitalizing Proper Adjectives for a short review. Most proper adjectives denote nationality; see the list of Nouns and Adjectives Denoting Nationality and the List of Adjectival Forms of Place Names.

Eponymous Adjectives Shakespearean, Victorian, Boolean, etc. Eponymous adjectives are (usually) proper adjectives derived from a persons name. See the List of Eponymous Adjectives in English

VERB TO BE WITH THE ADJECTIVES

Frequently you will find the verb to be consecutive of an adjective I am tired You are angry He is tired 1) The emotions or feelings that happen inside of we, it is expressing with adjectives ended in -ed I am tired You are interested She is relaxed 2) The activities that happen outside of we, but concern us, it is expressing with adjective ended in -ing She is cleaning

This work is boring That star is shining

This is not difficult, but you must to learn the adjectives.

MODALS.

Direct speech Can May Will Must

Reported speech Could Might Would Had to

CAN

Can is a modal verb, that means it is a verb that needs to be accompanied by another verb Can indicates have an ability

Can is used for For request something - Ask and gives permission - Indicates a possibility - Abilities -

We often use to be able to or to be allowed to instead of "can". We can only form the Past of "can" (could). To put "can" into other tenses we need the phrases to be able to or to be allowed to.

Can you come? You can go Perhaps I can do it She can drive Structure of a sentence: Affirmative

Pronoun+ can+ verb infinitive Negative

Pronoun+ can not+ verb infinitive Question

Can+ pronoun+ verb infinitive?

Affirmative sentences Tense Modal Form I am able to play football. I'm able to play football. Simple Present I can play football. I am allowed to play football. I'm allowed to play football. I was able to play football. Simple Past I could play football. I was allowed to play football. I will be able to play football. I'll be able to play football. I will be allowed to play football. I'll be allowed to play football.

will-future

Do not use can in the will-future.

Other possible tenses: e.g. Present Perfect: I have been able to play football.

Tense

Modal

Form Is he able to play football?

Simple Present Can he play football?

Negations Tense Modal Form I am not able to play football. I'm not able to play football. I am not allowed to play football. I'm not allowed to play football. I was not able to play football. I wasn't able to play football. I was not allowed to play football. I wasn't allowed to play football. I will not be able to play football. I won't be able to play football. I will not be allowed to play football. I won't be allowed to play football. Questions

Simple Present

I cannot play football. I can't play football.

Simple Past

I could not play football. I couldn't play football.

will-future

Do not use cannot in the will-future.

Is he allowed to play football? Was he able to play football? Simple Past Could he play football? Was he allowed to play football? Do not use can in the will-future. Will he be able to play football? Will he be allowed to play football? This word can be used in different forms in this language. This word its meaning is "can" and is also used as auxiliary of the prayer to give a logical meaning wing phrase. The can is you can use as a mandate, in skills, to say the not a thing we cannot do, to ask permission.

will-future

Examples of can: I can drive. You can swim. She can study now. He can cut the paper. We can play the soccer the next Saturday. En forma negative: I can not drive.

You can not swim. She can not study now.

He can not cut the paper. We can not play the soccer the next Saturday.

SHOULD

Should is like a recommendation. You should tell to the police about it Sentences form Affirmative

Should is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use should mainly to:

give advice or make recommendations talk about obligation talk about probability and expectation express the conditional mood replace a subjunctive structure Structure of Should

subject + should + main verb The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to"). subject + He auxiliary verb should should not He shouldn't ? Should he go? go. main verb go.

Notice that:

Should is invariable. There is only one form of should. The main verb is always the bare infinitive.

Pronoun+ should+ verb+ compliment

Negative Pronoun+ should+ not+ verb+ complement

Question

Should+ pronoun+ verb+ complement +? "Should" is most commonly used to make recommendations or give advice. It can also be used to express obligation as well as expectation This other modal also means duty but with less magnitude. This is one of the manners of mode with less duty by not taken with great importance. Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "should" behaves in different contexts. Modal Use Positive Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future 1. People with high cholesterol should eat low-fat foods. 2. Frank should have eaten low-fat foods. That might have prevented his heart attack. 3. You really should start eating Negative Forms 1. = Present 2. = Past 3. = Future 1. Sarah shouldn't smoke so much. It's not good for her health. 2. Sarah shouldn't have smoked so much. That's what caused her health problems. 3. Sarah shouldn't smoke when she visits Martha next week. Martha hates when You can also use: ought to

should
RECOMMENDATION, ADVISABILITY

better. should obligation I should be at work before 9:00. We should return the video before the video rental store closes.

people smoke in her house. NO NEGATIVE FORMS be supposed to

Ex. I should practice swimming. Should I practice swimming? No, I should not practice swimming.

MAY May: It has a meaning of power, but with an intensity less as can one thing or another thing. This modal we are going to use when we go to say something that we're not sure you can pass. may We can use 'may' to ask for permission. However this is rather formal and not used very often in modern spoken English

May I borrow your pen? May we think about it?

May I go now?

We use 'may' to suggest something is possible

It may rain later today. I may not have time to do it today. Pete may come with us

May can be a month but this may is not a month. We can use May for to ask politely May indicate a hypothetical action or a probability, It is the present of the verb to be able to too Sentences form

Affirmative

Pronoun+ may+ verb+ complement Negative

Pronoun+ may+ not+ verb+ complement Question

May+ pronoun+ verb+ complement +? Like a cousin of May we have the might that mean the same but may express permission in present and future and a possibility and a 60% possible While might express a permission was giving in the past and a 20% possible

WOULD Would is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use would mainly to:
talk about the past talk about the future in the past express the conditional mood

We also use would for other functions, such as:

expressing desire, polite requests and questions, opinion or hope, wish and regret... Structure of Would subject + would + main verb The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").

Ex. I would work in the FIFA. Would I work in the FIFA? No, I would not work in the FIFA. She would study for my test. Would she study for my test? No, she would not study for my test. He would live in England. Would he live in England? No, he would not live in England. We would play soccer the next Saturday. Would we play soccer the next Saturday? No, we would not play soccer the next Saturday.

Put an action with an end ria and express a request kind, a wish, a rejection and a good will. Sentences form

Affirmative

Pronoun+ Would+ verb+ complement Negative

Pronoun+ would+ not+ verb+ complement Question Would+ pronoun+ verb+ complement +? Would | Quiz Would Would is an auxiliary verb, a modal auxiliary verb. We use would mainly to: talk about the past talk about the future in the past express the conditional mood We also use would for other functions, such as:

expressing desire, polite requests and questions, opinion or hope, wish and regret... Structure of Would subject + would + main verb The main verb is always the bare infinitive (infinitive without "to").

subject

auxiliary verb would

main verb

She 'd would not

like

tea.

She wouldn't

like

whisky.

Would

she

like

coffee?

Notice that:

Would is never conjugated. It is always would or 'd (short form). The main verb is always the bare infinitive.

might We use 'might' to suggest a small possibility of something. Often we read that 'might' suggests a smaller possibility that 'may', there is in fact little difference and 'might is more usual than 'may' in spoken English.

She might be at home by now but it's not sure at all.

It might rain this afternoon. I might not have time to go to the shops for you. I might not go.

For the past, we use 'might have'.

He might have tried to call while I was out. I might have dropped it in the street. I may change of school. May I change of school? No, I may not change of school. You may play the piano.May you play the piano? No, you may not play the piano.

She may go to the Ireland the next month. May she go to the Ireland the next month? No, she may go to the Ireland the next month. But this is not all about this topic still lack another modal that is almost equal and means the same and that modal is the might. It is pronounced more than the previous one and it also repeats the meaning. Ex. I might change of school the next semester. Might I change of school the next semester? No, I might change of school the next semester.

You might play the piano.might you play the piano? No, you might not play the piano. She might go to the Ireland the next month. Might she go to the Ireland the next month? No, she might go to the Ireland the next month.

THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense is used for to talk about activities that carry out commonly generals real. Structure of sentences:

Affirmative

Pronoun+ verb on present For the 3 persons she, he and it you have to add an s to the final of the verb. Negative

Pronoun+ does/ do not+ principal verb Does is for she, he and it Do is for I, you, we, they When you use do or does, you are not going to write s in the verbs of 3 persons Questions

Does/ do+ pronoun+ principal verb..? You do not use the s.

AS AND LIKE

As means in quality of while like you use like for example I work as a teacher (because really I am a teacher) In that occasion I worked like a teacher (because I am not a teacher but worked like such) It is easy confuse the words Like and as because in Spanish means the same Sometimes: You use as in present and use like in past But that is not a rule.

Like= 'similar to', 'the same as'. Note that you cannot use as in this way: What a beautiful house! It's like a palace. (not 'as a palace') 'What does Sandra do?' 'She's a teacher, like me.' (not 'as me') Be careful! The floor has been polished. It's like walking on ice. (not 'as walking') In these sentences, like is a preposition. So it is followed by a noun (like a palace), a pronoun (like me/ like this) or -ing (like walking) You can also say 'like (somebody/ something) doing something': 'What's that noise?' 'It sounds like a baby crying.' Sometimes like= 'for example': Some sports, like motor racing, can be dangerous. You can also use such as(=for example): Some sports, such as motor racing, can be dangerous. We use as (not 'like') before a subject+verb: I didn't move anything. I left everything as I found it. They did as they promised. (=They did what they promised) Compare like and as in these sentences:

You should have done it like this. (like+pronoun) You should have done it as I showed you. (as+subject+verb) We also say as you know/ as I said/ as she expected/ as I thought etc.: As you know, it's Tom's birthday next week. (=you know this already) Jane failed her driving test, as she expected. (=she expected this before) Note that we say as usual/ as always: You're late as usual. As (preposition)='in the position of', 'in the form of' etc.: A few years ago I worked as a bus driver. (not 'like a bus driver') We've got a garage but we haven't got a car, so we use the garage as a workshop. Many English words (for example, 'work' and 'rain') can be used as verbs or nouns. London is all right as a place to visit, but I wouldn't like to live there. The news of her death came as a great shock. We say regard...as: I regard her as my best friend.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS/ PROGRESIVE TENSE It is a verbal tense that is used for expressing actions in the present. In the same moment that is state the sentence. The present continuous is form with the present of the verb to be+ the verb with the termination ing

The present continuous uses when we want talk of actions that is happening now or that not ended. Sentences form: Affirmative Pronoun+ am/is/are+ verb+ ing+ complement I am playing soccer Negative Pronoun+ am/is/are+ not+ verb+ ing+ complement I am not playing soccer Question Am/is/are+ pronoun+ verb+ ing+ complement +? Are you playing soccer?

PREPOSITIONS The prepositions are use when we want talk about. Direction Location Position The place of origin

The place of destination Size Time Etc The prepositions About- The subject of a conversation, idea, book etc. At -certain special expressions By- the person or thing that did something, transport For -purpose+ noun or ing form, a general period of time From -place origin Whit -in company, what you use to do something On -day, evening, night date, special day In -Season, year, month, a country, a town, a street, At -time, festival, mealtimes, an exact place Others Up, down, inside, outside, out of, of, into, onto, between, in front of, behind, among, opposite

IDIOMATIC FUTURE GOING TO

This tense is easy since the verb does not change. This is used for expressing an intention or plan decisive Affirmative

Pronoun+ am/ is/ are+ going to+ verb+ compliment

IDIOMATIC FUTURE GOING TO QUESTION FORM

Question

Am/ is/ are+ pronoun+ going to+ verb+ complement +?

IDIOMATIC FUTURE GOING TO NEGATIVE FORM Negative

Pronoun+ am/ is/ are+ going to+ verb+ compliment

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

This tense is confused like the present. The simple past tense is used when we are thinking of an action completed in the past Single actions, thoughts or feelings finished before the time of speaking: They told me I needed to wear glasses. In the past tense there are regular verbs and irregular verbs, in the regular verbs you only have to write ed to the final of the verb, while in the irregular verbs write totally different as you write in infinitive. In the simple past we use did for sentences negative and questions Sentence form: Affirmative Pronoun+ verb in past+ compliment Negative Pronoun+ did+ not+ verb+ compliment Question Did+ pronoun+ verb+ compliment +?

Simple Past Forms

Most Verbs

Most verbs conjugate by adding -ed like the verb "wait" below.

Positive

Negative I waited. You waited. We waited. They waited. He waited. She waited. It waited. I did not wait.

Question

You did not wait. We did not wait. They did not wait.

He did not wait. She did not wait. It did not wait. Did I wait? Did you wait? Did we wait? Did they wait? Did he wait? Did she wait? Did it wait?

Irregular Verbs

Many verbs, such as "have," take irregular forms in the Simple Past. Notice that you only use the irregular verbs in statements. In negative forms and questions, "did" indicates Simple Past. To learn more about irregular verbs, visit Englishpage.com's Irregular Verb Dictionary. You can also use Englishpage.com's Online Irregular Verb Flashcards to memorize irregular verb forms.

The verb "be" is also irregular in the Simple Past. Unlike other irregular verbs, there are two Simple Past forms: "was" and "were." It also has different question forms and negative forms. Always remember that you DO NOT use "did" with the verb "be" in the Simple Past.

Positive I was. You were. We were. They were. He was. She was. It was. Negative I was not. You were not. We were not. They were not. He was not. She was not. It was not.

Contraction I wasnt. You werent. We werent. They werent. He wasnt. She wasnt. It wasnt.

Cuestion Was I? Were you? Were we? Were they? Was he? Was she? Was it?

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs behave very strangely in the Simple Past. The most important verb to remember is "must." Notice how it becomes "had to" in the Simple Past. "Must" becomes "had to": I must call my wife now. I had to call my wife yesterday.

ON, IN, AT.

These three words mean the same, but each one is used in different case. On is used with days, date, special day, or indicate contact with the surface. In is used for the names of the month, years, season, parts of the day, for to say that something or somebody is inside of something. At is used for indicate a time, hour, position, or certain special expressions. On in and at are prepositions that we saw in past themes.

ADVERBS. An adverb is a word that tells how, where, when, why, an action is done. Adverbs go whit verbs.

There are nine kinds of adverbs: 1. Of manner - quickly, bravely, happily, hard, fast, well. 2. Of place her, there, up, down, near, far, by, close. 3. Of time now, soon, yet, still, today, tomorrow, yesterday, late, just, immediately. 4. Of frequency twice, often, never, always, everyday, occasionally, ever, usually, some times, rarely, seldom, and hardly ever. 5. Of certainty certainly, surely, definitely, obviously, evidently, clearly. 6. Of degree very, fairly, rather, quite, too, hardly, just, enough, absolutely, really, so, well, only. 7. Interrogative when? Where? Which? Why? 8. Relative when, where, why, how. 9. Quantity much, a lot, less, more. Adverbs are often formed by adding -ly to an adjective. Here are some useful tips: 1- If you are unsure, put the adverb at the end of sentence 2- The adverbs of time come after the verb be of after the first auxiliary The adverbs make an adjective or adverb stronger or weaker. They come in front of, the adjective or adverb.

SIMPLE PAST IN TO BE ACTION We use in the past to be was and were like an auxiliary I/ she/ he/ it was You/ we/ they were The verb is in infinitive

Sentences form Affirmative Pronoun+ was/ were+ verb+ compliment

PAST TO BE NEGATIVE FORM Negative Pronoun+ was/ were+ not+ verb+ compliment

PAST TO BE QUESTION FORM

Question Was/ were+ pronoun+ verb+ compliment +?

WHILE

For to say two actions that happen the same time in the past, we have to use the connector while

I was cleaning my room while she was drinking a soda You did not do your homework while he played soccer

CONECTORS AS, SOON AS, UNTIL AS, AND WHILE As soon as is used for to join two elements in past The police arrived as soon as the accident happened While is for to join two sentences in pas generally My brother came into the room while I was reading a book As is used when there are two sentences that happen to the same time He plays the guitar as I sing Until I have worked in my office until seven o clock

NEAR FUTURE It is a verb tense the you use for to express actions that have place on a near future It has the rules of the idiomatic future going to Sentence form: Pronoun+ am/is/are+ going to+ verb+ compliment

Pronoun+ am/is/are+ not+ going to+ verb+ compliment Am/is/are+ pronoun+ going to+ verb+ compliment +? It is easy since the verb does not change

COMPARATIVES This is for compare two things, people or animals There are short adjectives and long adjectives If the adjective is a long word, it is used more+ adjective+ than-, example, more modern than We use the short adjective adding er and than (adjective+ er+ than) example, older than If the adjective end with y that is substituted by ier + than example, easier than Short adjectives have two syllables Able Acid Early Glad Ugly Long adjectives have three or more syllables

Fantastic Importune Munificent Mythical Wonderful

MORE OR LESS+ ADJECTIVE LONG+ THAN

We use more or less for to define a kind of quantity in the adjectives My toy is more expensive than yours In others words, if my toy cost 5 dollars your toy cost 3 dollars He is less handsome than Luis In other words He was tall with blue eyes while Luis was Short and ugly We can use the whit more or less The less you say bad words, the more you are going to have friends

USE OF GOOD, WELL, BAD AND BADDLY.

Good and bad are used after of the to be Well and badly are used after of any other action Those are the comparatives irregular Good/ wellbetter Bad/badlyworse Far farther Littleless Much and many more Fewfewer

SIMPLE FUTURE WILL It is a verbal tense for express an action that is will completed at a time in near future In other word it is not certain Sentences form Affirmative Pronoun+ will+ verb+ compliment Question Will+ pronoun+ verb+ compliment +?

Use of will Future

a spontaneous decision

example: Wait, I will help you.

an opinion, hope, uncertainty or assumption regarding the future example: He will probably come back tomorrow.

a promise

example: I will not watch TV tonight.

an action in the future that cannot be influenced example: It will rain tomorrow.

conditional clauses type I

example: If I arrive late, I will call you.

Signal Words
in a year, next , tomorrow Vermutung: I think, probably, perhaps

SIMPLE FUTURE NEGATIVE FORM In the simple future we are use the auxiliary will, but in the negative sentences we have to use wont Sentence form Negative Pronoun+ wont+ verb+ compliment. Future Simple Tense The future simple tense is often called will, because we make the future simple tense with the modal auxiliary will. How do we make the Future Simple Tense? The structure of the future simple tense is:

subject + auxiliary verb WILL invariable will

+ main verb base V1

For negative sentences in the future simple tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the future simple tense: subject + + ? ? I You She We Will Will auxiliary verb will will will will you they not not main verb open finish be leave arrive want the door. before me. at school tomorrow. yet. on time? dinner?

When we use the future simple tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb: I will you will he will I'll you'll he'll

she will it will we will they will

she'll it'll we'll they'll

For negative sentences in the future simple tense, we contract with won't, like this: I will not you will not he will not she will not it will not we will not I won't you won't he won't she won't it won't we won't

they will not they won't

How do we use the Future Simple Tense? No Plan We use the future simple tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:
Hold on. I'll get a pen. We will see what we can do to help you. Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.

In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking. We often use the future simple tense with the verb to think before it:

I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow. I think I will have a holiday next year. I don't think I'll buy that car.

Be When the main verb is be, we can use the future simple tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:
I'll be in London tomorrow. I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.

Will you be at work tomorrow?

THE USE OF UNLESS It can use with any tense grammatical or any sentence. Generally the sentences are contradictory I wont celebrate my birthday, unless I have money Unless I study hard, I wont pass the exam

CONSTRUCTION OF IF If can join sentences with a modal auxiliary What should I do if the bay cries May I leave early, if I finish the job before five oclock? You ought to go to the doctor, if it does not get better soon In the open condition clause we have the simple future tense. In the principal clause we have the simple future tense If Richard works hard, he will learn grammar I will help him, if he asked me But there is another conditional form If Richard worked hard, he would learn grammar

I would help him, if he asked me Where there is an implied negative, we use the subjunctive conditional If he asked for money, would you give him any? If it were not so foggy, we would play football If he spoke to me, I should speak to him. Here are some examples of three constructions with if.

PRESENT PERFECT The present perfect tense is used to talk about something which began in the past has stayed the same, up to the present In the present perfect we use have and has Have is for, I, you, we and they Has is for, he, she and it For to deny whit have or has we use have not and has not Sentences form Affirmative Pronoun+ Have/has+ verb in participle+ complement Negative Pronoun+ has not/have not+ verb in past participle+ complement

Question Have/has+ pronoun+ verb in participle+ complement +?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Used for something which has been happening, started in the past and still going on to the present. In this tense we use have and has too, but here we use been and the verb end with ing Sentences form

Affirmative Pronoun+ have/has+ been+ verb+ ing+ complement

Negative Pronoun+ have not/has not+ been+ verb+ ing+ complement

Question Have/ has+ pronoun+ been+ verb+ ing+ complement +? Those themes are so difficult for me even that see so easy that is confuse

MUST/ HAVE TO Must is like an obligation internal, it is a modal. It is more like want Sentences form

Affirmative Pronoun+ must+ verb+ complement

Negative Pronoun+ must+ not+ verb+ complement

Question Must+ pronoun+ verb+ complement +?

Have to is like a obligation external, it is a verb Sentences form

Affirmative Pronoun+ have to+ verb+ complement

Negative Pronoun+ do not/ does not+ have to+ verb+ complement

Question Do/ does+ Pronoun+ have to+ complement +?

RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO, WHICH, THAT.

They are words that we use like a union in the sentence Who- is for people Which- is for things

That- is for people or things Whom is more formal than who, you use whom when you can talk about an important person. Who, which and that identify a thing or people and give more information about a person or thing. That is used in the identifying relative clauses.

A relative pronoun is a pronoun used to mark a relative clause, and having the same referent as the element of the main clause (usually a noun or noun phrase) which the relative clause modifies.

An example is the English word which in the sentence "This is the house which Jack built." Here which Jack built is a relative clause modifying the noun house. The relative pronoun which marks the relative clause and refers (within the relative clause) to the man being referred to in the main clause. It can be considered to provide a link between the two sentences "This is a house" and "Jack built the house", where the house referred to in each case is the same. n providing a link between a subordinate clause and a main clause, a relative pronoun is similar in function to a subordinating conjunction. Unlike a conjunction, however, a relative pronoun does not simply mark the subordinate (relative) clause, but also plays the role of a noun within that clause. For example, in the relative clause which Jack built given above, the pronoun which functions as the object of the verb build. Compare this with "Jack built the house after he married", where the conjunction after marks the subordinate clause after he married, but does not play the role of any noun within that clause.

ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE

When the subject of the sentence is the doer of the action, we say the verb is the active voice. When the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action, we say the verb is in passive voice. Active voice The dog killed the rat Passive voice The rat was killed by the dog Only transitive verb can be used in the passive voice The subject in the passive voice is formed by the object in the active one. But if the verb is not a transitive one there won t be any object You can have the passive voice whit any of the tenses you have already learned. The passive voice is made by using a part of the verb to be and the past participle of the other verb. And the different tenses in the passive are made by using different parts of the verb to be. Sentences form Passive voice Object+ verb to be conjugate+ past participle+ complement Active verb Passive verb Present Is/are+ verb in participle Present continuous Is/are being+ verb in participle Past tense Was/were+ verb in participle Past continuous Was/ were being+ verb in participle Present perfect Have/ has been+ verb in participle For advice and arguments about the use of active or passive voice, see English passive voice.

Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in nominativeaccusative languages, including English and most other Indo-European languages. Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the agent of the main verb. That is, the subject does the action designated by the verb.[1] A sentence whose agent is marked as grammatical subject is called an active sentence. In contrast, a sentence in which the subject has the role of patient or theme is called a passive sentence, and its verb is expressed in passive voice. Many languages have both an active and a passive voice; this allows for greater flexibility in sentence construction, as either the semantic agent or patient may take the syntactic role of subject.

Examples In the following examples the active and passive voice are illustrated with pairs of sentences using the same transitive verb. Language English French Japanese German Active voice The hunter saw the deer. Brackett a crit ce livre. (Brackett wrote this book.) (A dog bit [someone].) Der Hund biss den Postboten. the postman.) (The dog bit Passive voice The deer was seen by the hunter. Ce livre a t crit par Brackett. (This book was written by Brackett.) (By a dog [I] was bitten.)

Der Postbote wurde vom Hund gebissen. (The postman was bitten by the dog.)

USED TO We use used to for indicate an action the we did in the past, but not any more Used to we use only in past tense Sentences form

Affirmative Pronoun+ used to+ verb+ complement

Negative Pronoun+ did+ not+ use to+ verb+ complement You can see when we use did in the sentence used change to use because did is an auxiliary.

Question Did+ pronoun+ use to+ verb+ complement +?

WOULD RATHER : WOULD RATHER - WOULD PREFER (pre fer)

 If we express a preference for ourselves:

would prefer + infinitive + [(rather) than + infinitive without to /-ing] would rather / sooner + infinitive without to + (than + infinitive without to)

There is no difference between using or would would rather sooner although today most would rather not hear. I'd rather / sooner take the bus. I'd prefer to take the bus. (I'd rather take the bus.) She'd rather / sooner not Have to wait for you. She'd prefer not to Have to wait for you. (She'd rather not wait.) Bob would rather / sooner stay at home than go to the party. Bob would prefer to stay at home (rather) than go / going to the party. (Bob would rather stay home and go to the party.) They would rather / sooner go to the cinema than watch a movie on TV? They would prefer to go to the cinema (rather) than watch / watching a movie on TV? (Would you rather go to the cinema to watch a movie on television?)

HAVE TO

Used 'have to' to express obligation in English. Its use is very frequente. Below are the rules of use of have to in English and some tips to use proper activation. Then there is an exercise with answers to practice the use of have to and finally a video on the English pronunciation of h. FORMS: with Have to + infinitive verb: see the different shapes below

YES I have to You have to he / she / it has to info we have to doing lot to

NEGATIVE I do not have to you do not have to he / she / it Does not Have To we do not have to They do not have to INTEROGATIVO do you have to does he / she / it Have to info we have to do do they have to examples:

I have to work everyday. (I have to work every day) I do not have to work everday. (I have to work every day) Do you have to work everyday? (Do you have to work every day?)

ADJETIVES If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adjective, it is called an Adjective Clause. My sister, who is much older than I am, is an engineer. If an adjective clause is stripped of its subject and verb, the resulting modifier becomes an Adjective Phrase: He is the man who is keeping my family in the poorhouse. Before getting into other usage considerations, one general note about the use or over-use of adjectives: Adjectives are frail; don't ask them to do more work than they should. Let your broad-shouldered verbs and nouns do the hard work of description. Be particularly cautious in your use of adjectives that don't have much to say in the first place: interesting, beautiful, lovely, exciting. It is your job as a writer to create beauty and excitement and interest, and when you simply insist on its presence without showing it to your reader well, you're convincing no one. Consider the uses of modifiers in this adjectivally rich paragraph from Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel. (Charles Scribner's, 1929, p. 69.) Adjectives are highlighted in this color; participles, verb forms acting as adjectives, are highlighted in this blue. Some people would argue that words that are part of a name like "East India Tea House are not really adjectival and that possessive nouns father's, farmer's are not technically adjectives, but we've included them in our analysis of Wolfe's text. Degrees of Adjectives The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. (Actually, only the comparative and superlative show degrees.) We use the comparative for comparing two things and the superlative for

comparing three or more things. Notice that the word than frequently accompanies the comparative and the word the precedes the superlative. The inflected suffixes -er and -est suffice to form most comparatives and superlatives, although we need -ierand -iest when a two-syllable adjective ends in y(happier and happiest); otherwise we use more andmost when an adjective has more than one syllable Example:

Positive Rich Lovely beautiful

Comparative Richer Lovelier more beautiful

Superlative richest loveliest most beautiful

Certain adjectives have irregular forms in the comparative and superlative degrees: Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms Good Bad Little much many some Far Better Worse Less More Further best worst least most furthest

According to Bryan Garner, "complete" is one of those adjectives that does not admit of comparative degrees. We could say, however, "more nearly complete." I am sure that I have not been consistent in my application of this principle in the Guide (I can hear myself, now, saying something like "less adequate" or "more preferable" or "less fatal"). Other adjectives that Garner would include in this list are as follows: Absolute Imposible principal stationary sufficient unanimous unavoidable unbroken unique universal Whole adequate Inevitable Chief complete Devoid Entire Fatal Final Ideal Irrevocable Main Manifest Minor Paramount Perpetual Preferable

The Order of Adjectives in a Series It would take a linguistic philosopher to explain why we say "little brown house" and not "brown little house" or why we say "red Italian sports car" and not "Italian red sports car." The order in which adjectives in a series sort themselves out is perplexing for people learning English as a second language. Most other languages dictate a similar order, but not necessarily the same order. It takes a lot of practice with a language before this order becomes instinctive, because the order often seems quite arbitrary (if not downright capricious). There is, however, a pattern. You will find many exceptions

to the pattern in the table below, but it is definitely important to learn the pattern of adjective order if it is not part of what you naturally bring to the language. The categories in the following table can be described as follows: I. Determiners articles and other limiters. See Determiners Observation postdeterminers and limiter adjectives (e.g., a real hero, a perfect idiot) and adjectives subject to subjective measure (e.g., beautiful, interesting) III. Size and Shape adjectives subject to objective measure (e.g., wealthy, large, round) IV. Age adjectives denoting age (e.g., young, old, new, ancient) V. Color adjectives denoting color (e.g., red, black, pale) VI. Origin denominal adjectives denoting source of noun (e.g., French, American, Canadian) VII. Material denominal adjectives denoting what something is made of (e.g., woolen, metallic, wooden) VIII. Qualifier final limiter, often regarded as part of the noun (e.g., rocking chair, hunting cabin, passenger car, book cover) II.

THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES Determiner Observation Size a an four Beautiful Expensive Gorgeous longstemmed Physical Description Shape Age old antique red Color Italian silver Silk touring Car Mirror Roses Origin Material Qualifier Noun

her our those that several some Delicious Dilapidated Little Enormous Big

short old square

black English wooden hat hunting young American Thai basketball

Hair Sheepdog Boxes Cabin Players Food

DETERMINORS. Determiners are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type. Determiners are different to pronouns in that a determiner is always followed by a noun. Therefore personal pronouns ( I , you ,he , etc.) and possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, etc.) cannot be determiners. The definite and indefinite articles a/an/the are all determiners. You use a specific determiner when people know exactly which thing(s) or person/people you are talking about.

The specific determiners are: the definite article : the demonstratives : this, that, these, those possessives : my, your, his, her, its, our, their

For example:"The dog barked at the boy." "These apples are rotten." "Their bus was late." You use general determiners to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. The general determiners are: the indefinite articles : a, an a few a little both each few fewer

neither

all another any

either enough every

less little many more most much

no other several some

In English there are three types of shape to qualify for a noun in a sentence and can be: adjectives, the demonstration and possessives. These words go along with the subject in the sentence to be able to qualify it. These adjectives are always ahead of the subject. Some examples can be these that are below: My mother is a good person. My pet is very funny. These that are below My car is red My dog is a lovely.

The adjectives are decisive: When they are next to the subject in the prayer and always said in a straightforward way. This car is ugly. This pencil is blue

These children are playing, This house is a large one. These streets are very small. ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE. Possessive adjectives, also known as possessive determiners, are a part of speech that modifies a noun by attributing possession (or other sense of belonging) to someone or something. In English, the words my, your and her are examples. Possessive adjectives/determiners can eliminate repetition in a sentence by replacing a determiner phrase (or in other analyses, a noun phrase). They allow us, for example, to say the girl ate her dinner instead of the girl ate the girl's dinner. Comparison with determiners and adjetives Possessive determiners/adjectives have features of both determiners and adjectives: Possessive determiners always imply the article the. For example, my car always means the car that belongs to me or the car that I am regularly using. Therefore, possessive determiners function as determiners and as such are not used with most other determiners including articles such as the or demonstrativessuch as that, which are usually required in English and some other European languages before a noun whose identity is known to the listener. For example, Myhat is blue is grammatically correct, but The my hat is blue is not. Like definite articles, possessive determiners may be used with cardinal numbers, as in My three children are married orThree of my children are married, or indefinite quantifiers, as in Some of my children are married.
Like other adjectives, possessive adjectives may be modified with an adverb, though this is uncommon. The adverbs more, less, or as much ... as (comparative) or mostly (superlative) sometimes appear, for example in This is more my team than your team, This is less my team than your team, This is as much my team as your team, and This is mostly my team.

ADVERBS: The adverbs

Adverbs are words that modify

a verb (He drove slowly. How did he drive?) an adjective (He drove a very fast car. How fast was his car?) another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. How slowly did she move?)

As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. The words lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighborly, for instance, are adjectives:

That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

If a group of words containing a subject and verb acts as an adverb (modifying the verb of a sentence), it is called an Adverb Clause:

When this class is over, we're going to the movies.

When a group of words not containing a subject and verb acts as an adverb, it is called an adverbial phrase. Prepositional phrases frequently have adverbial functions (telling place and time, modifying the verb): He went to the movies. She works on holidays. They lived in Canada during the war.

And Infinitive phrases can act as adverbs (usually telling why):

She hurried to the mainland to see her brother. The senator ran to catch the bus.

But there are other kinds of adverbial phrases:

He calls his mother as often as possible.

Adverbs can modify adjectives, but an adjective cannot modify an adverb. Thus we would say that "the students showed a really wonderful attitude" and that "the students showed a wonderfully casual attitude" and that "my professor is really tall, but not "He ran real fast." Like adjectives, adverbs can have comparative and superlative forms to show degree.

Walk faster if you want to keep up with me. The student who reads fastest will finish first.

We often use more and most, less and least to show degree with adverbs:

With sneakers on, she could move more quickly among the patients. The flowers were the most beautifully arranged creations I've ever seen. She worked less confidently after her accident. That was the least skillfully done performance I've seen in years.

The as as construction can be used to create adverbs that express sameness or equality: "He can't run as fast as his sister." A handful of adverbs have two forms, one that ends in -ly and one that doesn't. In certain cases, the two forms have different meanings:
He arrived late. Lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything.

In most cases, however, the form without the -ly ending should be reserved for casual situations:

She certainly drives slow in that old Buick of hers. He did wrong by her. He spoke sharp, quick, and to the point.

Adverbs often function as intensifiers, conveying a greater or lesser emphasis to something. Intensifiers are said to have three different functions: they can emphasize, amplify, or downtone. Here are some examples: Emphasizers: I really don't believe him. o He literally wrecked his mother's car. o She simply ignored me. o They're going to be late, for sure. Amplifiers: o The teacher completely rejected her proposal. I absolutely refuse to attend any more faculty meetings. o They heartily endorsed the new restaurant. o I so wanted to go with them. o We know this city well. Downtoners: o I kind of like this college. o Joe sort of felt betrayed by his sister. o His mother mildly disapproved his actions. o We can improve on this to some extent. o The boss almost quit after that. o The school was all but ruined by the storm.
o

Adverbs (as well as adjectives) in their various degrees can be accompanied by premodifiers:

She runs very fast. We're going to run out of material all the faster

The adverbs tell us how the person who is the object or animals is, but what they say as your subject is.

TO BE: To be has three conjugations in the present. The conjugation for I (I) is am. The conjugation for you (you, you, you, you), we (us) and They (they) is are. Conjugation for the third person singular he (it), she (it) and it (he, she) is is. I Am You Are I is she is it is we are

They are use To be is normalement equivalent to the verbs ser and estar. Can also be equal to have or do. To be may be followed by an adjective, a name, a preposition or a verb. To be + adjective current Status I am tired He is sick Are you ready? We are hungry description She is pretty They are kind We are Russian To be + noun I am a lawyer He is a student We are friends To be + preposition

Place I am at home It is on the table Are you in England? origin He's from Spain I am from San Diego This coffee is from Africa To be + verb To be used with other verbs to create other verbal constructions. To be followed by present participle make the present continuous, which indicates an action that is happening right now. I am working He is running Are you sleeping? To be followed by the past participle Watched TV is too much Cake is eaten With A Fork Books are written on every subject

To be followed by the infinitive (to + verb) indicates something that must happen. (This construction is quite rare and formal English - used to have en place.) You are to help us I am to leave tomorrow We are to call if we need help The verb to be is not simply a verb if not it is also a auxiliaries in English, when used in a sente nce is always after the pronoun personals goes before an adjective. Ex. I am intelligent. You are beautiful. He is tall. She is small. It is ugly. They are work.

The adjectives with emotions. These adjectives that go with our feelings are very essential, and that these are our expereciones in English. This magazine is interesting. The music is very relaxing.

My car is very fast. This car is ugly.

A & AN A & An. The words "a" and "an" are items to indicate something Use "a" when the word begins with a consonant sound. Use "an" when the word begins with a vowel sound. exceptions There are words beginning with a consonant but the first sound of the word is a vowel sound. an hour (do not pronounce the "h" word.) There are also words beginning with a vowel but the first sound of the word is a consonant sound. to university (We pronounce this word as if it started with the letter "y" which is a consonant sound.) These words in English are very essential because it means one or a, but these are used in a different way each. It is used when the word begins with consonant or hear how consonant and the UN is used for the words that begin with vowels or listen as vowels. Example the an: An apple. An hour An orange. Example the A: A bottle. A cellphone.

A bed. A sofa. SIMPLE PRESENT: the simple present, also known as the present simple tense of the present (and not perfective aspect). It is one of several times used for this in English, the other being the present continuous, which has progressive aspect, the present perfect and present perfect continuous. Expresses truths (Warm air rises) or permanence (Her parents live in Madrid) and habitual action, that is, habits or routines in daily life (I get up late on Sundays). Also used to talk about future events, especially those subject to a schedule, such as arrivals and departures of public transport (The train leaves at nine). Examples include: Affirmative: I speak English and French She speaks English and French Negative: I do not smoke He Does not smoke Interrogative: Do you speak Spanish? Does she speak Spanish? There are two important considerations to keep in mind when using the present simple in English, both related to the use of negative and interrogative: we need the auxiliary verb do2: I do not live in Madrid. Do you speak Spanish?. Second, the auxiliary do takes the form does for the third person singular: She does not speak French Does he live in Madrid? This time of simple present is used to when we talk about usual things that we do. Is that sometimes in spanish we are talking in this time when we talk about with people in the things that we did that day, or that we are going to do or that they want to do. Also in this time we can use the modes of times as always, sometimes, sometimes, never. But when we talk about what we are doing right now is not used this time is used the present continuous is used. But when we talk about third persons to the verb we have to add an "s". I live in Mxico.

You play soccer. She swims in the pool. He studies in the room. We work in the office.

These words are used pars things constables and countless and are used in the prayers. And these words are not the only ones that we can use in these aspects, there are other words as much, a little. But these words change when they are going to count things accounting and countless. As in these examples: Much time. Much luck Much problem Much Money

Present continuous. The present continuous is one of the present tenses used in modern English, the others being the simple present and the emphatic present. All of these can be employed in both the indicativeand subjunctive moods. Common uses The present continuous is used in several instances. To describe something this is happening at the exact moment of speech:

The boy is crying. To describe an action that is taking place now, but not at the exact moment of speech: He is working in Dubai. To describe an event which is planned in the future: I'm resitting my French exam on Tuesday. With always, but meaning often: My mother is always making me go to school!!! It is a verb in the english language and that is what we intend to express in this, we are going to say at the moment that we are finance things. This continuing his or her assistant is the verb ser but the verb one adds the termination -ing.

1 I'm doing my homework in the evening. 2 She's calling to her boyfriend. 3 He's running in the park. 4 My father is driving the new car. 5 My mom is making a delicious cake.

PREPOSITIONS: Prepositions (or more generally, adpositions, see below) are a grammatically distinct class of words whose most central members characteristically express spatial relations (such as the English words English words in, underunder, toward) or

serve to mark various syntactic functions and semantic roles (such as the English words of, for).In that the primary function is relational, a preposition typically combines with another constituent (called its complement) to form a prepositional phrase, relating the complement to the context in which the phrase occurs. The word preposition comes from Latin, a language in which such a word is usually placed before its complement. (Thus it is pre-positioned.) English is another such language. In many languages (e.g. Urdu, Turkish, Hindi and Japanese), the words with this grammatical function come after, not before, the complement. Such words are then commonly called postpositions. Similarly,circumpositions consist of two parts that appear on both sides of the complement. The technical term used to refer collectively to prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions is parts that appear on both sides of the complement. The technical term used to refer collectively to prepositions, postpositions, and circumpositions is adposition. Some linguists use the word "preposition" instead of "adposition" for all three cases.

NUMBERS:

As in all the languages, there are the numbers can be cardinal and ordinal numbers and written very different these numbers. Here are how to write in English:

CARDINAL NUMBER

0 - zero 1 - one 2 - two 3 - three 4 - four 5 - five 6 - six 7 - seven 8 - eight 9 - nine 10 - ten 11 - eleven 12 - twelve 13 - thirteen 14 - fourteen 15 - fifteen 16 - sixteen 17 - seventeen 18 - eighteen 19 - nineteen 20 - twenty 30 - thirty 40 - fourty 50 - fifty 60 - sixty 70 - seventy

80 - eighty 90 - ninety

Past simple. Both the negative interrogative form as is used as auxiliary DID is the past form of the verb "TO DO" and accompanies the main verb in its infinitive form. Negations can be used in the contracted form of DID NOT or DID.The top box uses the verb To Play by way of example. Expressing a sentence in Past Simple means that the action is unrelated tothe present, as shown in the following cases: I lost the keys. (Perhaps in this the've found). She lent me a book. (You might already have returned it). It is also possible to indicate the time when the action is to indicate the time more accurately: They saw the movie last night. They saw the movie last night. We went to London yesterday. We went to London yesterday. In order to form a sentence in past tense we must distinguish two types:regular verbs and irregular verbs.

In the first case are the Simple Past ED adding the ending to the infinitive, while the irregulars are so called not to follow a particular pattern and in this case must be studied individually.

They broke a window - Ellos rompieron una ventana We bought some drinks - Compramos unas bebidas She fall asleep - Ella se qued dormida

Simple future will. Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future. This future is when we say something that might happen but it is not likely to pass, and here is used the auxiliary "will" but they are things that could happen. It can also be used in a negative way and may also be used in question. "Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when

we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something. I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. Will you help me move this heavy table? Will you make dinner? I will not do your homework for you. I won't do all the housework myself! I'm really hungry. I'll make some sandwiches. I'm so tired. I'm about to fall a sleep.

THE USE OF UNLESS The word unless basically means the same thing as if ... not. For example, "Unless you study, you will fail" means the same thing as "If you do not study, you will fail." Unless is often used in conditional sentences. It can be used with the first, second, or third conditional. Here are some examples. First Conditional: "You'll be unhappy unless you break up with her" = "You'll be unhappy ifyou do not break up with her." Second Conditional: "I wouldn't ask her out unless you told me it was OK" = "I wouldn't ask her out if you told me it was not OK."

Third Conditional: "They wouldn't have come over unless we'd invited them" = "They wouldn't have come over if we had not invited them." These words are codicionales but can be used at any time even if it is unreal, real or whatever time. Future unreal are assumptions or are imaginary things that are thought to make it to a future and can be used with any type of manners. How to use unless correctly. Unless You won't get the job unless you prepare for the interview. = You will only get the job if you prepare well for the interview. Don't do it unless he tells you to. = Only do it if he tells you to do it.

We use unless to say that something will happen if something else doesn't stop it happening.

PRESENT PERFECT: The present perfect is used in English to narrate events that have occurred at a time, specific or not, in the past but still have a relevance in the present. Corresponds in its structure with the present perfect tense in Spanish, that is, the verb is constructed with the auxiliary verb have or if you have third-person singular (he, she, it), plus the participle of the verb: subject + have / has + verb in past participle, but not always in use: I Have Been married for two years. (I've been married

two years.) .1 In the sense of the previous example, it is especially important to use to connect the past with the present and even future. Hence, frequent use adverbs of time as for, since, etc. We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. It is used to indicate that an action had begun in a time that was not to last, and could not continue in the past. At this time is used the auxiliary "have". You can use any word to complete the sentence in the present perfect. But here the word that is put in participle.

Ex. Have you played soccer in the school? Yes, you have played soccer in the school. No, you havent played soccer in the school. Has she driven the car in the street? Yes, she has driven the car in the street. No, she has not driven the car in the street. Have you worked in the office? Yes, you have worked in the office. No, you havent worked in the office.

MUST Must/have. We can use 'must' to show that we are certain something is true. We are making a logical deduction based upon some clear evidence or reason.
There's no heating on. You must be freezing. You must be worried that she is so late coming home. I can't remember what I did with it. I must be getting old. It must be nice to live in Florida.

We also use 'must' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'must' this usually means that some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary (and the speaker almost certainly agrees with the obligation.)
I must go to bed earlier. They must do something about it. You must come and see us some time. I must say, I don't think you were very nice to him.

We can also use 'have to' to express a strong obligation. When we use 'have to' this usually means that some external circumstance makes the obligation necessary.

I have to arrive at work at 9 sharp. My boss is very strict. We have to give him our answer today or lose out on the contract. You have to pass your exams or the university will not accept you. I have to send a report to Head Office every week.

In British English, we often use 'have got to' to mean the same as 'have to'.

I've got to take this book back to the library or I'll get a fine.

We've got to finish now as somebody else needs this room.

We can also use ' will have to' to talk about strong obligations. Like 'must' this usually means that that some personal circumstance makes the obligation necessary. (Remember that 'will' is often used to show 'willingness'.)
I'll have to speak to him. We'll have to have lunch and catch up on all the gossip. They'll have to do something about it. I'll have to get back to you on that.

As you can see, the differences between the present forms are sometimes very small and very subtle. However, there is a huge difference in the negative forms.

We use 'mustn't' to express strong obligations NOT to do something. We mustn't talk about it. It's confidential. I mustn't eat chocolate. It's bad for me. You mustn't phone me at work. We aren't allowed personal calls. They mustn't see us talking or they'll suspect something.

We use 'don't have to' (or 'haven't got to' in British English) to state that there is NO obligation or necessity. We don't have to get there on time. The boss is away today. I don't have to listen to this. I'm leaving. You don't have to come if you don't want to. He doesn't have to sign anything if he doesn't want to at this stage. I haven't got to go. Only if I want to

These manners are used in the english as if it were an obligation or some duty that you have to do. But when you use any modal verb is always in your form infinitiva and does not carry any conjugation, verb remains intact.

In addition, the manners should be used in a consistent way and reasonable in the things that we have with each modal. In addition, these two manners in its negative form can be contracted for prayer to be a little shorter. Here are some examples: Must I do it? Yes, I must do it. No, I must not do it. Must you play in the school? Yes, I must play in the school. No, I must not play in the school. Have you practice at night? Yes, I must practice at night. No, I must not practice at night.

RELATIVE PRONOUN:

A relative pronoun is a pronoun that marks a relative clause within a larger sentence. It is called a relative pronoun because it relates the relative (and hence subordinate) clause to the noun that it modifies. In English, the relative pronouns are: who, whom, whose, whoever, whosesoever, which, and, in some treatments, that. In addition, English has various fused relative pronouns, which combine in one word the antecedent and the relative pronoun: what, whatever, whatsoever, whoever, whosoever, whomever, whomsoever, whichever, and whichsoever,

A relative pronoun links two clauses into a single complex clause. It is similar in function to a subordinating conjunction. Unlike a conjunction, however, a relative pronoun stands in place of a noun. Compare: This is a house. Jack built this house. This is the house that Jack built. Sentence consists of two clauses, a main clause (This is the house) and a relative clause (that Jack built). The word that is a relative pronoun in some analyses.[1] Within the relative clause, the relative pronoun stands for the noun phrase it references in the main clause (its antecedent), and is one of the arguments of the verb in the relative clause. In the example, the argument is the house, the direct object of built. Other arguments can be relativised using relative pronouns: Subject: Hunter is the boy who kissed Jessica. Indirect object: Hunter is the boy to whom Jessica gave a gift./Hunter is the boy who Jessica gave a gift to. Adpositional complement: Jack built the house in which I now live. (similarly with prepositions and prepositional phrases in general, for example These are the walls in between which Jack ran.) Possessor: Jack is the boy whose friend built my house. In some languages, such as German and Latin, which have gender, number, and noun declensions, the relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and number, while its case indicates its relationship with the verb in the relative clause. In some other languages, the relative pronoun is an invariable word. The words used as relative pronouns are often words which originally had other functions: for example, the English which is also an interrogative word. This suggests that relative pronouns might be a fairly late development in many languages. Some languages, such as Welsh, do not have relative pronouns. In English and German, different pronouns are sometimes used if the antecedent is a human being, as opposed to a non-human or an inanimate object (as in who/that). This is a bank. This bank accepted my identification.

She is a bank teller. She helped us open an account. With the relative pronouns, sentences and would read like this: This is the bank that accepted my identification. She is the bank teller who helped us open an account. In sentences and, the words that and who are the relative pronouns. The word that is used because the bank is a thing; the word who is used because "she" is a person. In some languages with relative clauses, such as Mandarin Chinese, there are no relative pronouns. In English, the relative pronoun may be optionally omitted, particularly in speech, from a restrictive relative clause that is, one

These are words that we use in english to say one thing and adding that connector give you more information wing prayer. And there are different ways of linking these prayers, but use different these words: Who: It is used with people you know or those who are in your same level. Whom: It is used when you talk to a greater or when it is a higher grade than ti. Which: It is to mention animals and things. That: Are to mention animals, things and people with less importance.

Examples: Daniel, the friend who you know. The girl who is sitting nect to you.

The doctor who healty me. The soccer player in the school who is hurting me. Max, the friend who write.

Past simple. She was a beautiful girl, wasnt she? It was an expensive car, wasnt it? You were going to the school tomorrow, werent you? He was stupid boy, werent he? Negative form.

Present continuous She is eating pizza, isnt she? He is driving the car in the street, isnt he? You are cutting the paper, arent you? I am cooking the spaguetti, arent I?

Past continuous. She was eating pizza, wasnt she? He was driving the car in the street, wasnt he? You were cutting the paper, werent you? I was cooking the spaguetti, wasnt I?

Used of will, can, have,etc I will play the soccer, wont I? I can drive the car, cant I? Carlos should pass his exam, shouldnt he? He could find a job, couldnt he? You went to USA in 2001, didnt you? But in the Taq questions there is a way that you can use them as an invitation or suggestion and used two different auxiliary. Ex. Lets go our for a run, shall we? Lets study tomorrow morning, shall we?

Active voice and passive voice. Active voice: it is when a person made a direct action and rests on a person. Passive voice: It is when a person made a direct action and rests on a person. Ex present simple whit present continuos: Jose plays the guitar. The guitar is played by him. Michelle is playing the guitar. The guitar is being played by him. The mom reads the book. The book is read bye him. Maria is eating the pizza the pizza is being eaten by her.

Ex. Simple past whit past continuous. Jose played the guitar. The guitar was eaten by her

Michelle was playing the guitar. The guitar was being played by him. The mom was read the book. The book was read bye him. Ex. Future will and going to. Jose will play the guitar. The guitar will be played by him. Jose is going to play the guitar. The guitar is going to be played by him. The mom will read the book. The book will be read bye him The mom is going to read the book. The book is going to be read bye him Maria will eat the pizza The pizza will be eaten by her.

Ex. Present perfect with present perfect continuos. Jose has played the guitar. The guitar has played by him. Michelle has been playing the guitar. The guitar has been played by him.

The mom has read the book. The book has been read bye him. The mom has been reading the novels. The novel has been read by him. Maria has eats the pizza The pizza has been eaten by her.

Ex. Past perfect whith past perfect continuos. Jose had played the guitar. The guitar had played by him. Michelle had been playing the guitar. The guitar had been being played by him. The mom had read the book. The book had been read bye him.

Used to. It is used used to + verb to talk about habits in the past and to talk about the past. Ex. I used to play the guitar.

I used to live in London. I used to play football he used to play football we used to play football The form: it uses the same way with all the people.

Negative form. I didn't use to play football he didn't use to play football we didn't use to play football

-question. Did you use to play football? Did he use to play football?

Direct speech or reported speech.

The indirect style, in English "Reported Speech", is to express something said before by someone, that is to say, in telling what someone said about something. The indirect style in English is very similar to Spanish, so that does not have great difficulty for the Spaniards.

In a phrase in indirect style we can find two parts : The first introductory part which includes the verb that , in English is called reporting verbs and is the one that introduces what is going to count. : say, tell, mention, suggest, ask, wonder. for example. Peter said that...,/ Mary told me that. Direct speech present simple I am happy I sleep present continuos I am feeling happy I am sleeping past simple Reported speech past simple He said he was happy He said he slept past continuos He said he was feeling happy He said he was sleeping past perfect

I was happy I slept present perfect I have been happy I have slept present perfect continuos I have been feeling happy I have been sleeping future I will be happy I will sleep future perfect I will have been happy I will have sleep

He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect continuos He said he had been feeling happy He said he had been sleeping simple conditional He said he would be happy He said he would sleep simple conditional perfect He said he would have been happy He said he would have slept

Modal Verbs

Direct speech CAN I can sleep

Reported speech COULD He said he could sleep

MAY I may sleep WILL I will sleep MUST I must sleep

MIGHT He said he might sleep WOULD He said he would sleep HAD TO He said he had to sleep

Changes that can suffer some of the particles at any place and time: Now Tonight Today last night this morning this week next week next year Here at that moment, then that night that day the night before that morning that week the following week the year after there

Reported Speech: questions In interrogative sentences we use the same grammatical: the subject is going after the verb but it is not necessary to use the auxiliary "do" or "did". Direct speech "Where do Susan and Ann work? " "Dnde trabajan Susan y Ann?" Reported speech He asked me where Susan and Ann worked. l me pregunt dnde trabajaban Mary y Tom.

ADJETIVES POSSIVES. In these adjectives is when you want to express that something is yours or is something about you. And here are used the possessive pronouns. My mother very intelligent. Your sister is very crazy. His sister is short. Her brother is tall. Its brother plays soccer. Our sister is very beautiful.

Their brother is tall. The adverbs. The adverbs tell us how the person who is the object or animals is, but what they say as your subject is.

The auxiliary to be. The verb to be is not simply a verb if not it is also a auxiliaries in English, when used in a sentence is always after the pronoun personals goes before an adjective. Ex. I am intelligent. You are beautiful. He is tall. She is small. It is ugly. We are bored in the classroom. You are confued. They are work.

The adjectives with emotions. These adjectives that go with our feelings are very essential, and that these are our expereciones in English.

This magazine is interesting. The music is very relaxing. My car is very fast. This car is ugly.

A & An. These words in English are very essential because it means one or a, but these are used in a different way each. It is used when the word begins with consonant or hear how consonant and the UN is used for the words that begin with vowels or listen as vowels. Example the an: An apple. An hour An oranje. An ipod. An angel. Example the A: A bottle. A cellphone. A bed.

A sofa. A tv.

can This word can be used in different forms in this language. This word its meaning is "can" and is also used as auxiliary of the prayer to give a logical meaning wing phrase. The can is you can use as a mandate, in skills, to say the not a thing we cannot do, to ask permission. Examples of can: I can drive. You can swim. She can study now. He can cut the paper. We can play the soccer the next Saturday. En forma negative: I can not drive.

You can not swim. She can not study now. He can not cut the paper.

We can not play the soccer the next Saturday.

En forma de pregunta: Can you drive the car? Can you can swim? Can she study this now? Can he cut the paper? Can we play the soccer the next Saturday.

The simple present. This time of simple present is used to when we talk about usual things that we do. Is that sometimes in spanish we are talking in this time when we talk about with people in the things that we did that day, or that we are going to do or that they want to do. Also in this time we can use the modes of times as always, sometimes, sometimes, never. But when we talk about what we are doing right now is not used this time is used the present continuous is used. But when we talk about third persons to the verb we have to add an "s". I live in Mxico. You play soccer. She swims in the pool. He studies in the room. We work in the office.

Ahora veremos cuando queremos a hacerlas preguntas: Do you live in Mexico? Do you play soccer? Does she swim in the pool? Does he study in the room? Do we work in the office? There are many expressions that are used in the simple present are: All day , week, month, summer, saturday, time. You can also use adjectives adjectives or all the adjectives. Adverbios de frecuencia. These words are very used to tell you how often to do a few things and actions. Can be used at any time or grammar. Always. Usually. Often. Frequently. Sometimes. The others are for questions or to ask. Ever. How often? These words are when ever we do: almost never.

Rarely. Never Here are some examples with these adverbs. I always play soccer. You usually run in the street He frequently swims in the pool. She sometimes studies for the exam. We seldom drink the tequila. They never drive in night. Time. In the english one of the phrases or words more important that you learn when they are boys is what time is it? There is no other way to ask the time, but these forms are more formal when we would like to ask the time an unknown person or to an older person. Have you got the time? Could you tell me the time please? Would you mind telling me the time? Have you got the time on you? You wouldnt know the time, would you? Do you know the time? Y aqui esta la forma en que se dice la hora en ingles:

7:00 pm. Seven oclock in the afternoon. 3:15 am. Quarter past three in the morning. 11:30 pm half past eleven in the night. As and like. Good these words are prepositions in the english language but the two words are used quite differently, although like a verb but is also used as preposition. The use of as and like there is much confusion with the people who are learning the English language, but will be accustomed to and are already used these two prepositions as they are. The preposition of as in the spanish means in warm or that quality. Examples of as: I want to speak to you as friend not as your boss. I work as teacher. I study as student. I play as soccer player. I she introduced mike as her cousin.

The como is used in a very different way that the como, is used to compare with the como. In addition, the como can be used in different ways but for what they don't know how they learn english. But the like can be used in a sentence "how". As in these examples: It is a city Mxico. We need a person like her.

I think like you. He is not like me. They love little cousin like a son.

The como and the como are easy to confuse in this language that the translated into spanish mean the same thing, that is why there are ways to be used. As in these examples. She Works as a dentist. I like flowers like that. I want speak English as you. He is been working like as shop assistant for 2 years.

Cuantificadores. These quantifiers are used to indicate the magnitude or certain amount of things, but are also used in animals, people and things. There are things that are accounting and countless. The things that are accounting are the things that are like books, notebooks, pc or other things. And things countless are the ones that are things that are weighed in grams, kilograms and in liters as tequila, coffee, milk, water, butter and other things. The use of some and any.

These words are used prrs things constables and countless and are used in the prayers. And these words are not the only ones that we can use in these aspects, there are other words as much, a little. But these words change when they are going to count things accounting and countless. As in these examples: Much time. Much luck Much problem Much Money Many people Many pc. Many books Many notebooks Little water Little thing Little sugar The little boy

Present continuos. It is a verb in the english language and that is what we intend to express in this, we are going to say at the moment that we are finance things. This continuing his or her assistant is the verb ser but the verb one adds the termination -ing.

Ejemplos: I am playing soccer Am i playing soccer? I am not playing soccer. she is eating pizza Is she eating pizza? She is not eating pizza

You are swimming in the pool Are you swimming in the pool? You are not swimming in the pool

he is studying for exam Is he studying for exam? he is not studying for exam.

Prepositions. Prepositions are used when we are going to talk about direction, location, position. There are several prepositions that are used in different ways in the prayers. In addition some prepositions are used in a special way by which these three prepositions they mean the same thing in spanish, and these prepositions are used in time, day, and places. Here are some examples how to use prepositions: I live in Brighton. We went to Mexico in May. He is at home. I always visit my sister at work.

The pen is on the table. We went to Mexico on the first of May There are other prepositions that indicate a place and the main verb is the verb "to be: The supermarket is next to the bank. I sit by the window The shop is between the bank and the train station The church is behind the school. The hotel is in front of the station. The bank is opposite the market. He is standing in front of you. She is sitting opposite me. The ball is under the chair The clock is above the table. The series of qualifiers. The series of qualifiers are when we want to qualify a thing or object, person or animal. Besides, we will never change even where the subject is plural, or in the singular. Express the qualities of the noun to which modify and are located in front of this. Do not vary or gender or number .Here is a list of some grouped by categories with translation, pronunciation, and examples. Adjectives adjectives classified by categories

Appearance: beautiful, ugly, clean, dirty, ... Feelings (positive) : amused, satisfied, happy, ... Feelings (negative) : bored, afraid, angry, ... Appearance

beautiful dirty full simple complex difficult easy empty ugly Feelings & Moods (positive) Amused calm cheerful confident satisfied

Feelings & Moods (negative)

Ashamed confused disappointed sad jealous

Idiomatic future going to. This future time is used to say some plan q you have planned to make in a given time. And there are several expressions that are used in this future time: That day, the month, this week, morning etc. Here are some examples: I am going to leave for Asia next month. We are going to watch a movie on TV tonight. The company is going to raise its prices next summer. Mrs. Black is going to teach pottery next year. aul is not going to solve the problem before the end of the year.

As he wondered with going to?

This time will be used as given in the previous topic, is being used to indicate a plan for a future of a place. Examples: What is going to happen? What is going to be happening? Is she going to work? Is he going to play? Are you going to swim?

Negative form of going to. It is not very difficult to get a denial in a prayer in this time by what goes into the verb ser before the auxiliary ir. She is not going to work. He is not going to play. You are not going to swim. I am not going to go to the party the next weekend.

Numbers.

As in all the languages, there are the numbers can be cardinal and ordinal numbers and written very different these numbers. Here are how to write in English: cardinal number. 0 - zero 1 - one 2 - two 3 - three 4 - four 5 - five 6 - six 7 - seven 8 - eight 9 - nine 10 - ten 11 - eleven 12 - twelve 13 - thirteen 14 - fourteen 15 - fifteen 16 - sixteen 17 - seventeen 18 - eighteen 19 - nineteen 20 - twenty 30 - thirty 40 - fourty 50 - fifty

60 - sixty 70 - seventy 80 - eighty 90 - ninety

ordinal number 1st - first 2nd - second 3rd - third 4th - fourth 5th - fifth 6th - sixth 7th - seventh 8th - eighth 9th - ninth 10th - tenth 11th - eleventh 12th - twelfth 13th - thirteenth 14th - fourteenth 15th - fifteenth

16th - sixteenth 17th - seventeenth 18th - eighteenth 19th - nineteenth 20th - twentieth 30th - thirtieth 40th - fortieth 50th - fiftieth 60th - sixtieth 70th - seventieth 80th - eightieth 90th - ninetieth 91st - ninety-first 92nd - ninety-second 93rd - ninety-third 94th - ninety-fourth 100th - one hundredth 1,000th - one thousandth 1,000,000th - one millionth

Pasado simple.

The Simple past is a verb that is used to describe actions that have happened in an earlier time and who have already completed, for example: She cleaned her house I broke the window Both in the interrogative form as more negative is used as auxiliary NO that is the last form of the verb "TO DO" and accompanies the main verb in its form infinitiva. In the denials can be used the contracted form of NO or DIDN'T. In the upper box is used the verb To Play (Play) by way of example. He lost the keys. She lent me a book. It is also possible to indicate the time of the action takes place to indicate the time with greater precision: They saw the movie last night. We went to London yesterday. The simple past with the verb ser, does not change much by that your subscription combines the auxiliar are, is and am in was and were. And also the verb changes last year, but the verbs can be regular and irregular. I was playing You were working. She was lost the car. Pero tambien se puede ir en forma negativa y se le adiere la negacion y no mas cambia en wasnt y werent.

Conector while. while There are going to join an action in pasado continua, or something that has been going on for some time with another action in the past simple that interrupted it. For example: My brother came into the room while I was reading a book.

Comparatives. These are words that are used to compare two things, but to compare you should carry a rule you must follow that when the adjective is short leads termination "er", but when it is long leads before the adjective "more" which means more than. Ex: He is shorter than Uriel. Max is taller than josue. I am more intelligent than josue Megan fox more beautiful than Ileana Josue more stupid than max Superlatives. These are the words to compare one thing or a person with a group and there are two words that we can use in order to compare and are: most and less. But it also has a rule when are short adjectives bear the ending " -est."

Ex: He is shortest than Uriel. Max is tallest than Daniel. I am most intelligent than joel. Megan fox is most beautiful than in the world. Jos is most stupid than in the classroom .

The use of "buena , well, bad and bandly". These words are used to indicate in the prayer something that you are good, bad, intermediate and other things. They are very useful in the english language, but these words are not all there are more words than we can use. Ex. Angel is similar than magaly This t-shirt is like this one. Josue is different than uriel. Cesar ir worse than citlalli

Simple future will.

This future is when we say something that might happen but it is not likely to pass, and here is used the auxiliary "will" but they are things that could happen. It can also be used in a negative way and may also be used in question. I will play soccer in England. will I play soccer in England? I wont play soccer in England. You will wok in the school. Will you work in the school? You wont work in the school. She will dance in the disco the next weekend. will she dance in the disco the next weekend? She wont dance in the disco the next weekend. He will go to the party next Saturday. will he go to the party next Saturday? She wont go to the party next Saturday. The future is the simple verb of the English to express things or actions that are going to move something in a place that had been determined. The use of unlles. These words are codicionales but can be used at any time even if it is unreal, real or whatever time. Future unreal are assumptions or are imaginary things that are thought to make it to a future and can be used with any type of manners. Ex. If it rain, you will take your umbrella with you.

If you feel sick, you should go to the doctor. If I am a little late.

Present perfect. It is used to indicate that an action had begun in a time that was not to last, and could not continue in the past. At this time is used the auxiliary "have". You can use any word to complete the sentence in the present perfect. But here the word that is put in participle. Ex. Have you played soccer in the school? Yes, you have played soccer in the school. No, you havent played soccer in the school. Has she driven the car in the street? Yes, she has driven the car in the street. No, she has not driven the car in the street. Have you worked in the office? Yes, you have worked in the office. No, you havent worked in the office. Have you danced in the disco? Yes, you have danced in the disco. No, you havent danced in the disco.

Present perfect continuos This time starts with an action and is still in the present and in this time uses the verb to be. Ex. You have been working in that company. She hasnt been eating pizza in the school. He hasnt been driving the car in the street. I have been playing soccer in the England I have been running in the park.

Must/have. These manners are used in the english as if it were an obligation or some duty that you have to do. But when you use any modal verb is always in your form infinitiva and does not carry any conjugation, verb remains intact. In addition, the manners should be used in a consistent way and reasonable in the things that we have with each modal. In addition, these two manners in its negative form can be contracted for prayer to be a little shorter. Here are some examples: Must I do it? Yes, I must do it. No, I must not do it. Must you play in the school? Yes, I must play in the school. No, I must not play in the school.

Have you practice at night? Yes, I must practice at night. No, I must not practice at night. Have you go to the school? Yes, you have gone to the school. No, you have not gone to the school.

Should. This other modal also means duty but with less magnitude. This is one of the manners of mode with less duty by not taken with great importance. Ex. I should practice swimming. Should I practice swimming? No, I should not practice swimming. You should play the guitar. Should you play the guitar? No, you should not play the guitar. We should work in the office tonight. should we work in the office tonight? No, we should not work in the office tonight.

He should speak whit my girlfriend. should he speak whit my girlfriend? no, he should speak whit my girlfriend.

May. May: It has a meaning of power, but with an intensity less as can one thing or another thing. This modal we are going to use when we go to say something that we're not sure you can pass. Ex. I may change of school. May I change of school? No, I may not change of school. You may play the piano.May you play the piano? No, you may not play the piano. She may go to the Ireland the next month. May she go to the Ireland the next month? No, she may go to the Ireland the next month. But this is not all about this topic still lack another modal that is almost equal and means the same and that modal is the might. It is pronounced more than the previous one and it also repeats the meaning. Ex.

I might change of school the next semester. Might I change of school the next semester? No, I might change of school the next semester.

You might play the piano.might you play the piano? No, you might not play the piano. She might go to the Ireland the next month. Might she go to the Ireland the next month? No, she might go to the Ireland the next month.

Would. This modal is used as a termination in spanish that would be - that would go. This modal can be used to give you a termination as in the future. Ex. I would work in the FIFA. Would I work in the FIFA? No, I would not work in the FIFA. She would study for my test. Would she study for my test? No, she would not study for my test.

He would live in England. Would he live in England? No, he would not live in England. We would play soccer the next Saturday. Would we play soccer the next Saturday? No, we would not play soccer the next Saturday.

Embedded question. This topic is not only combine words to make a sentence, if not to put a question in one sentence. The big difference that there is a Embedded pregunta and a normal and there is a difference in the place where is the verb. As in the examples: She does not why she plays. I dont know what he does. I dont know when they went. She doesnt know why you swim. He does know why he cut.

Relatives pronouns. These are words that we use in english to say one thing and adding that connector give you more information wing prayer. And there are different ways of linking these prayers, but use different these words:

Who: It is used with people you know or those who are in your same level. Whom: It is used when you talk to a greater or when it is a higher grade than ti. Which: It is to mention animals and things. That: Are to mention animals, things and people with less importance. Examples: Daniel, the friend who you know. The girl who is sitting nect to you. The doctor who healty me. The soccer player in the school who is hurting me. Max, the friend who write. The manager whom provemes me. The doctor whom checks me. The cousin whom plays me. The pilot whom fly a plane. To whom it concern. The toaster which is broken. The tv which is black.

The dog which is barking He cat which is eating The game which is a CD. the hyena that laughs the guy that speaks. The book that on the table. The mause that steals. The phone that rana.

Tag question. They are small prayers that lead a purpose that it is to affirm or deny something with a question at the end. Always use the auxiliary verbs, always goes first a positive and at the end negative and vice versa. Present simple. She is a beautiful girl, isnt she? It is an expensive car, isnt it? You are go to the school tomorrow, arent you? He is stupid boy, isnt he?

Negative form. She is not beautiful girl, is she? It is not an expensive car, is it? You are not go to the school tomorrow, are you? He is not stupid boy, is he? Past simple. She was a beautiful girl, wasnt she? It was an expensive car, wasnt it? You were going to the school tomorrow, werent you? He was stupid boy, werent he? Negative form. She wasnt a beautiful girl, was she? It wasnt an expensive car, was it? You werent going to the school tomorrow, were you? He wasnt stupid boy, was he?

Present continuous

She is eating pizza, isnt she? He is driving the car in the street, isnt he? You are cutting the paper, arent you? I am cooking the spaguetti, arent I? Negative form. She isnt eating pizza, is she? He isnt driving the car in the street, is he? You arent cutting the paper, are you? Im not cooking the spaguetti, are I?

Past continuous. She was eating pizza, wasnt she? He was driving the car in the street, wasnt he? You were cutting the paper, werent you? I was cooking the spaguetti, wasnt I? Negative form. She wasnt eating pizza, was she? He wasnt driving the car in the street, was he?

You werent cutting the paper, were you? I wasnt cooking the spaguetti, was I?

Used of will, can, have,etc I will play the soccer, wont I? I can drive the car, cant I? Carlos should pass his exam, shouldnt he? He could find a job, couldnt he? You went to USA in 2001, didnt you? But in the Taq questions there is a way that you can use them as an invitation or suggestion and used two different auxiliary. Ex. Lets go our for a run, shall we? Lets study tomorrow morning, shall we?

Active voice and passive voice. Active voice: it is when a person made a direct action and rests on a person.

Passive voice: It is when a person made a direct action and rests on a person. Ex present simple whit present continuos: Jose plays the guitar. The guitar is played by him. Michelle is playing the guitar. The guitar is being played by him. The mom reads the book. The book is read bye him. The mom is reading the novels. The novel is being read by him. Maria eats the pizza The pizza is eaten by her. Maria is eating the pizza the pizza is being eaten by her. Ex. Simple past whit past continuous. Jose played the guitar. The guitar was eaten by her Michelle was playing the guitar. The guitar was being played by him. The mom was read the book. The book was read bye him.

The mom was reading the novels. The novel was being read by him. Maria was ate the pizza the pizza was eaten by her. Maria was eating the pizza the pizza was being eaten by her. Ex. Future will and going to. Jose will play the guitar. The guitar will be played by him. Jose is going to play the guitar. The guitar is going to be played by him. The mom will read the book. The book will be read bye him The mom is going to read the book. The book is going to be read bye him Maria will eat the pizza The pizza will be eaten by her. Maria is going to eat the pizza The pizza is going to be eaten by her. Alondra will have the baby the baby will be had bye her.

Alondra is gong to have the baby the baby is going to be had bye her.

Ex. Present perfect with present perfect continuos. Jose has played the guitar. The guitar has played by him. Michelle has been playing the guitar. The guitar has been played by him. The mom has read the book. The book has been read bye him. The mom has been reading the novels. The novel has been read by him. Maria has eats the pizza The pizza has been eaten by her. Maria has been eating the pizza the pizza has been eaten by her.

Ex. Past perfect whith past perfect continuos. Jose had played the guitar. The guitar had played by him.

Michelle had been playing the guitar. The guitar had been being played by him. The mom had read the book. The book had been read bye him. The mom had been reading the novels. The novel had been being read by him. Maria had eat the pizza The pizza had been eaten by her. Maria had been eating the pizza the pizza had been being eaten by her.

Used to. It is used used to + verb to talk about habits in the past and to talk about the past. Ex. I used to play the guitar. I used to live in London. I used to play football

he used to play football we used to play football The form: it uses the same way with all the people. Negative form. I didn't use to play football he didn't use to play football we didn't use to play football question. Did you use to play football? Did he use to play football?

Direct speech or reported speech. The indirect style, in English "Reported Speech", is to express something said before by someone, that is to say, in telling what someone said about something. The indirect style in English is very similar to Spanish, so that does not have great difficulty for the Spaniards. In a phrase in indirect style we can find two parts :

The first introductory part which includes the verb that , in English is called reporting verbs and is the one that introduces what is going to count. : say, tell, mention, suggest, ask, wonder. for example. Peter said that...,/ Mary told me that. Direct speech present simple I am happy I sleep present continuos I am feeling happy I am sleeping past simple I was happy I slept present perfect I have been happy I have slept present perfect continuos I have been feeling happy I have been sleeping future I will be happy I will sleep future perfect I will have been happy I will have sleep Reported speech past simple He said he was happy He said he slept past continuos He said he was feeling happy He said he was sleeping past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect continuos He said he had been feeling happy He said he had been sleeping simple conditional He said he would be happy He said he would sleep simple conditional perfect He said he would have been happy He said he would have slept

Modal Verbs

Direct speech CAN I can sleep MAY I may sleep WILL I will sleep MUST I must sleep

Reported speech COULD He said he could sleep MIGHT He said he might sleep WOULD He said he would sleep HAD TO He said he had to sleep

Changes that can suffer some of the particles at any place and time: now tonight today last night at that moment, then that night that day the night before

this morning this week next week next year here

that morning that week the following week the year after there

Reported Speech: questions In interrogative sentences we use the same grammatical: the subject is going after the verb but it is not necessary to use the auxiliary "do" or "did". Direct speech "Where do Susan and Ann work? " "Dnde trabajan Susan y Ann?" Reported speech He asked me where Susan and Ann worked. l me pregunt dnde trabajaban Mary y Tom.

VERB TO BE The structures with the verb " to be " serve to be able to communicate several very useful aspects since they can be " speak on a person " (his name, nationality, wherefrom it is, his profession, since he feels, etc.) and " to describe the characteristics of someone or something " (what is something, his color, to whom it belongs, etc.). Ex: I am We are You are He/She/It isThey are

ADJETIVES OR DETERMINORS. In English there are three types of shape to qualify for a noun in a sentence and can be: adjectives, the demonstration and possessives. These words go along with the subject in the sentence to be able to qualify it. These adjectives are always ahead of the subject. Some examples can be these that are below: Mymother is a good person. My pet is very funny.

These that are below My car is red My dog is a lovely.

The adjectives are decisive:

When they are next to the subject in the prayer and always said in a straightforward way.

This car is ugly. This pencil is blue These children are playing, This house is a large one. These streets are very small.

ADJETIVES POSSIVES.

In these adjectives is when you want to express that something is yours or is something about you. And here are used the possessive pronouns.

My mother very intelligent. Your sister is very crazy. His sister is short. Her brother is tall. Its brother plays soccer. Our sister is very beautiful. Their brother is tall.

The auxiliary to be. The verb to be is not simply a verb if not it is also a auxiliaries in English, when used in a sentence is always af ter the pronoun personals goes before an adjective. Ex. I am intelligent. You are beautiful. We are bored in the classroom.

She is Pretty He is Stupid. Can "Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility. Ex: I can ride a horse. ability We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission Can you hand me the stapler? request Any child can grow up to be president. . The adjectives with emotions. The Adjectives serve for describer a feeling, commonly they have the completions Ed/Ing. In addition to their basic forms, most descriptive adjectives have two other forms: comparative and superlative. Ex. My dog was escapefor my House. Imdepressed or This is Depressing I've been working all day. ImTired or This is tiring

I've been running for three miles, Imexhausted or this is exhausting. I spilled water on my pants, ImEmbarressed or This is Embarrassing This is a new and wonderful computer, Imfascinated or This is Fascinating Idiomatic future going to It is used to express an intention or a definitive plan in the immediate future, and since already we had seen, the action is used always " to be going to ". Ex: It is going to rain this weekend. They are going to travel to Cancn this month She is going to visit you in one week. We Are Going to Play Football He is Going to Go the party the next week Idiomatic Future Going To Question and Negation Form For negation and interrogation in this time, only there is applied the same rule that is applied by the action " to be ". Ex: Iamnot going to Goyour house tomorrow. theygoing to play handball?

Am I going to practice handball? He is not going to go the cinema. Simple Past Tense The Simple Past is a verbal time that is in use for describing actions that have happened in a previous time and that already they have finished. Ex: She cleanedher house. Helost the keys. She lent me a book He Played soccer with me She wrote the novel QUANTIFIERS The quantifiers indicate the quantity of a name. They are re-put to the question " how many? " As the articles, the quantifiers define to a name and always they are placed in front of the name. Some of them can be used only by countable, different names only by countless and different names by both. We use the quantifiers to express the idea of quantity or number. In the following summary you will be able to study how and when to use them. Ex: How manycats do you have?

There are not manytourists. We have manyfriends There are too many changes for me . There are so many things I want to do!.

PRESENT CONTINUOS/PREOGRESSIVE TENSE It is in use for describing actions that are developing in the same moment, Also it is in use for describing actions that are developing about the moment in the one that speaks himself, though not necessarily in this precise instant, Likewise, it is in use for describing an action that is going to take place in the near future and on the one that has taken a firm resolution. In this case, always it has to be mentioned the time in the one that is going to develop the action, Another use of the constant present is to describe actions that they come repeating often; in this case, the prayer comes accompanied from the adverb "always" Ex: You are learning English now. You are not swimming now. Are you sleeping? I am sitting. I am not standing.

PREPOSITIONS The prepositions in English can qualify in: Prepositions of place, prepositions of time, prepositions of direction, etc. The prepositions are words that relate the elements of a prayer. Ex: The children left their books on the table. He was standing on the corner waiting for her. There was a spider on the wall. The corpse was lying upon the bed. We spent a few days in Paris last year. ADJETIVES is a word whose main syntactic role is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified. Ex: Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. He is a hard man who is only just, and a sad one who is only wise This is a brown pencil box. He was wearing a shiny red tracksuit. On, In, At On: It is used with the days of the week, days of the month and bank holidays, is used to indicate contact with a surface.

Ex: I dont have class On Monday the chair is on the floor the pictures are on the wall He lives onhidalgo street She speaks On the radio In: It is used by the names of the month, by the years and by the stations of the year, by parts of the day, evening or night, is used when it wants to be said that something or this someone inside something. Ex: inapril is my father Birthday in the morning, I Wake up She is in Spain His mother is in that house They live in a city At: It is used by the names of the month, by the years and by the stations of the year, by parts of the day, evening or night, is used when it wants to be said that something or this someone inside something. Ex: I see you At six o clock

When Juan comes? At noon When Max Comes? At midnight When your father comes? At night Where is your mother? She is at work Adverbs Adverbs are words that modify , a verb, an adjective, another adverb (As we will see, adverbs often tell when, where, why, or under what conditions something happens or happened. Adverbs frequently end in -ly; however, many words and phrases not ending in -ly serve an adverbial function and an -ly ending is not a guarantee that a word is an adverb. Ex: That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood When this class is over, we're going to the movies. He went to the movies. She works on holidays. They lived in Canada during the war. Past Continous Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time. Question Form

In the Past Progressive we put the auxiliary (was or were) before the subject. Ex: You were studying when she called. What were you doingwhen the earthquake started? You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off Yesterday at this time, I was sittingat my desk at work I wasn't payingattention while I was writingthe letter.

While It indicates a period of time, is used principally to indicate an action that happened in some moment in the space . Ex: He Plays soccer while she drinkwter We are read the book while the teacher take a list Connectors as soon as, until as and while The Connectors are used to join actions of the past with what it happens in the past or in the present. Ex: My dad arrived as soon as My Little brother cried

I have stay in the school until as 3 oClock He was playing VideoGames While I Went his house You were Made a Homework as soon as he was Swam in the pool We are Building the house While They Read the planes Near Future It is a verbal time that is in use for expressing actions that will take place in a future, without importing excessively the moment. Will forms with the particle + the infinitive of the verb of the action without the (to). Ex: He Will Play Football SheWillmadetheHomework WeWillBuildthisHouse TheyWillWritethis Book I WillDraw a caricature Comparatives and Superlatives The comparatives serve exactly to compare the same quality or characteristic in two nouns, to form the comparative, they must follow the following rules: he joins to the adjective "er" or "r", if already it ends in "e". If the word finishes in member + consonant, the consonant doubles.

If it ends in "y" it changes for "ier"

When the adjective has more than three syllables, the comparative is formed using the word "More" forward, to compare two objects in a prayer, he joins "than Ex: My Ipod is cheaper than that Ipod. Your Car is more Expensive than My car. Your Shirt is Bigger than My shirt. My Xbox 360 is older than your Xbox 360. You Xbox 360 is better than My PS3.

The use of unless The unless is the conditional one that indicates consequence or effect of a made action or for doing. Ex: You are go out with your friends unless, made a homework Iam go to the party unless, start a rain. You are pass the exam unless, dont study all nigth Iam Play VideoGames unless, Clean My Room

You are buy the present mom unless, idont have money Present perfect We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Ex: I have seen that movie twenty times. I think I have met him once before. There have been many earthquakes in California. People have traveled to the Moon. People have not traveled to Mars.

Present perfect continuous We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. Ex: They have been talking for the last hour.

She has been working at that company for three years. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? James has been teaching at the university since June. We have been waiting here for over two hours Must/have to "Must" y "Haveto" expresan una obligacin. A veces se pueden utilizar indistintamente (especialmente con la primera persona donde prcticamente tienen el mismo sentido), no obstante existen ciertas diferencias. "Must" se utiliza con el tiempo presente y futuro. "Haveto" con pasado, presente y futuro. Ex: You Must made Your homework. Youhaveto stop Drinking You Must study all week for you extra You Have to start the proyect Youmustplaychess Should Should is a modal verb. Modal verbs 'help' to other verbs. It is to say they are used by other verbs to express different functions. Shouldisusedtogiveadvices.

Ex: He shouldpractice Soccer SheshouldntplayFootball I ShouldMademy Tesina WeShouldntarrive late YoushouldpracticeBaseBall May It is used to express Possibility / permission Ex: I mayfinishmyhomework Youmaypracticebasquetball He mayspeakinglish Shemaywritethe novel Wemay stop talk Would It modifies to the verb that him continues. Ex:

I wouldspeakItalian Youwoulddrawtheplane He wouldstudyLaws Shewouldwritethe Novel Wewouldplay soccer

TAG QUESTIONS A "tag" is something small that we add to something larger. For example, the little piece of cloth added to a shirt showing size or washing instructions is a tag. We use tag questions at the end of statements to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Am I right?" or "Do you agree?" They are very common in English. The basic structure is: Positive statement, negative Tag Negative statement, positive Tag Look at these examples with positive and negative statements: .You are coming, arent you? Do you like coffe, dont you? They will help, wont they?

We have ever seen that, have we? She shouldnt drive so fast, should she? EMBEDED QUESTIONS. One " embedded question " is not another thing that a question included in another prayer. The prayer where it is included can be a question or an affirmative phrase:Where can I buy the paper? Embedded question: I don't know where you can buy the paper. The great difference between a normal question and one ' embedded question ' (literally, a " question incrusted ") is in the position of the verb. This way, while in the direct questions an investment takes place in the order sujeto+verbo, in ' embedded questions ' the normal order is used: Who is your teacher? Embedded question: Can you tell me who your teacher is? When the question is constructed by the auxiliary "do", "does" and "did", in one " embedded question " this auxiliary one disappears, the verb is placed after the subject and takes the form of the auxiliary verb: Why does he eat there? I don't know why he eats there. When did they go? I don't know when they went. Inside they " embedded question ", are a group of questions that only admit as response one "yes" or one "not". In this case, to introduce the phrase it is necessary to use the particles "if" or "whether":

I asked you if you were thirsty. I don't know whether John is going to the party or to the cinema. Normally, "if" an alternative is in use when only it is, whereas "whether" it uses when more than one alternative exists. Finally, it is necessary to indicate that the English-speakers use with many frequency an infinitive behind one " embedded question": Ask Peter where to meet tomorrow morning. I don't know how to go to the nearest post office.

RALATIVE PRONONOUNS WHO, WHICH, THAT. What sound " relative pronouns "? They are words that we use in English as link of union in a prayer in order to identify or to provide more information about " a person " or before mentioned "thing". Thesewords are: "who/whom", "which" and "that". Who [hu] /whomes para personas. Which [gich] es para cosas That[dat] es para personas o cosas pero con ciertos matices que veremos ms adelante. Ex: The children, who shouted in the street, are not from our school. The children, who shouted in the street, are not from our school.

That's Peter, the boy who has just arrived at the airport What did you do with the money which your mother lent you? Thank you very much for your e-mail which was very interesting ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE It is said that a prayer is in ACTIVE VOICE when the significance of the verb is produced by the grammatical person to whom that one refers: Pedro de Mendoza founded Buenos Aires.

It is said that a prayer is in PASSIVE VOICE when the significance of the verb is got by the grammatical person to whom that one refers: Buenos Aires was founded by Pedro de Mendoza.

He is formed with the auxiliary one of the verb to be and the participle spent from the verb that conjugates. The complement of the active prayer goes on to subject of the passive one. Since in Castilian, the subject of the active one can remain as fastened agent. When a verb has two complements two structures can be done of passive: A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Unlibrofueenviado a Tom por Mr. Smith. b) Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasivaidiomtica). Esta estructura no es posible en castellano. Ex: They arrested her last week.

PV: She was arrested last week John wrote a letter. PV: A letter was written by John They invited ten friends to the party. PV: Ten friends were invited to the party They have just built a new house. PV:A new house has just been built The police caught the thieves yesterday. PV: The thieves were caught by the police yesterday

USED TO. Verb is used used to + to speak about already past habits and to speak about past conditions. Ejemplos: I used to play the guitar.

I used to live in London. I used to see the Tv I used to make a homework I used to draw anime

REPORTED SPEECH. El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo directo, el tiempo verbal cambia. A continuacin tienes un explicacin de los cambios que sufren los tiempos verbales. A veces se usa "that" en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar "if" o "whether". Ex: He's American" "I'm happy to see you," she said. She said he was American. Mary said. Mary said that she was happy to see me. He asked me if I was busy tonight. she said. She saidDan was living in San Francisco. He told me that he was making dinner.

He asked, "Are you busy tonight?" Dan is living in San Francisco," He said, "I'm making dinner." Pasado simple.

The Simple past is a verb that is used to describe actions that have happened in an earlier time and who have already completed, for example: She cleaned her house I broke the window Both in the interrogative form as more negative is used as auxiliary NO that is the last form of the verb "TO DO" and accompanies the main verb in its form infinitiva. In the denials can be used the contracted form of NO or DIDN'T. In the upper box is used the verb To Play (Play) by way of example. He lost the keys. She lent me a book. It is also possible to indicate the time of the action takes place to indicate the time with greater precision:

They saw the movie last night. We went to London yesterday. The simple past with the verb ser, does not change much by that your subscription combines the auxiliar are, is and am in was and were. And also the verb changes last year, but the verbs can be regular and irregular. I was playing You were working. She was lost the car. Pero tambien se puede ir en forma negativa y se le adiere la negacion y no mas cambia en wasnt y werent.

Conector while. while There are going to join an action in pasado continua, or something that has been going on for some time with another action in the past simple that interrupted it. For example: My brother came into the room while I was reading a book.

Comparatives. These are words that are used to compare two things, but to compare you should carry a rule you must follow that when the adjective is short leads termination "er", but when it is long leads before the adjective "more" which means more than. Ex: He is shorter than Uriel. Max is taller than josue. I am more intelligent than josue Megan fox more beautiful than Ileana Josue more stupid than max Superlatives.

These are the words to compare one thing or a person with a group and there are two words that we can use in order to compare and are: most and less. But it also has a rule when are short adjectives bear the ending " -est." Ex: He is shortest than Uriel. Max is tallest than Daniel. I am most intelligent than joel. Megan fox is most beautiful than in the world. Jos is most stupid than in the classroom .

The use of "buena , well, bad and bandly". These words are used to indicate in the prayer something that you are good, bad, intermediate and other things. They are very useful in the english language, but these words are not all there are more words than we can use. Ex. Angel is similar than magaly This t-shirt is like this one. Josue is different than uriel. Cesar ir worse than citlalli

Simple future will. This future is when we say something that might happen but it is not likely to pass, and here is used the auxiliary "will" but they are things that could happen. It can also be used in a negative way and may also be used in question. I will play soccer in England. will I play soccer in England? I wont play soccer in England. You will wok in the school. Will you work in the school? You wont work in the school. She will dance in the disco the next weekend. will she dance in the disco the next weekend? She wont dance in the disco the next weekend. He will go to the party next Saturday. will he go to the party next Saturday? She wont go to the party next Saturday. The future is the simple verb of the English to express things or actions that are going to move something in a place that had been determined. The use of unlles. These words are codicionales but can be used at any time even if it is unreal, real or whatever time. Future unreal are assumptions or are imaginary things that are thought to make it to a future and can be used with any type of manners. Ex.

If it rain, you will take your umbrella with you. If you feel sick, you should go to the doctor. If I am a little late.

Present perfect. It is used to indicate that an action had begun in a time that was not to last, and could not continue in the past. At this time is used the auxiliary "have". You can use any word to complete the sentence in the present perfect. But here the word that is put in participle. Ex. Have you played soccer in the school? Yes, you have played soccer in the school. No, you havent played soccer in the school. Has she driven the car in the street? Yes, she has driven the car in the street. No, she has not driven the car in the street. Have you worked in the office? Yes, you have worked in the office. No, you havent worked in the office. Have you danced in the disco? Yes, you have danced in the disco. No, you havent danced in the disco.

Present perfect continuos This time starts with an action and is still in the present and in this time uses the verb to be. Ex. You have been working in that company. She hasnt been eating pizza in the school. He hasnt been driving the car in the street. I have been playing soccer in the England I have been running in the park.

Must/have. These manners are used in the english as if it were an obligation or some duty that you have to do. But when you use any modal verb is always in your form infinitiva and does not carry any conjugation, verb remains intact. In addition, the manners should be used in a consistent way and reasonable in the things that we have with each modal. In addition, these two manners in its negative form can be contracted for prayer to be a little shorter. Here are some examples: Must I do it? Yes, I must do it. No, I must not do it.

Must you play in the school? Yes, I must play in the school. No, I must not play in the school. Have you practice at night? Yes, I must practice at night. No, I must not practice at night. Have you go to the school? Yes, you have gone to the school. No, you have not gone to the school.

Should. This other modal also means duty but with less magnitude. This is one of the manners of mode with less duty by not taken with great importance. Ex. I should practice swimming. Should I practice swimming? No, I should not practice swimming. You should play the guitar. Should you play the guitar? No, you should not play the guitar.

We should work in the office tonight. should we work in the office tonight? No, we should not work in the office tonight. He should speak whit my girlfriend. should he speak whit my girlfriend? no, he should speak whit my girlfriend.

May. May: It has a meaning of power, but with an intensity less as can one thing or another thing. This modal we are going to use when we go to say something that we're not sure you can pass. Ex. I may change of school. May I change of school? No, I may not change of school. You may play the piano.May you play the piano? No, you may not play the piano. She may go to the Ireland the next month. May she go to the Ireland the next month? No, she may go to the Ireland the next month. But this is not all about this topic still lack another modal that is almost equal and means the same and that modal is the might. It is pronounced more than the previous one and it also repeats the meaning.

Ex. I might change of school the next semester. Might I change of school the next semester? No, I might change of school the next semester.

You might play the piano.might you play the piano? No, you might not play the piano. She might go to the Ireland the next month. Might she go to the Ireland the next month? No, she might go to the Ireland the next month.

Would. This modal is used as a termination in spanish that would be - that would go. This modal can be used to give you a termination as in the future. Ex. I would work in the FIFA. Would I work in the FIFA? No, I would not work in the FIFA.

She would study for my test. Would she study for my test? No, she would not study for my test. He would live in England. Would he live in England? No, he would not live in England. We would play soccer the next Saturday. Would we play soccer the next Saturday? No, we would not play soccer the next Saturday.

Embedded question. This topic is not only combine words to make a sentence, if not to put a question in one sentence. The big difference that there is a Embedded pregunta and a normal and there is a difference in the place where is the verb. As in the examples: She does not why she plays. I dont know what he does. I dont know when they went. She doesnt know why you swim. He does know why he cut.

Relatives pronouns.

These are words that we use in english to say one thing and adding that connector give you more information wing prayer. And there are different ways of linking these prayers, but use different these words: Who: It is used with people you know or those who are in your same level. Whom: It is used when you talk to a greater or when it is a higher grade than ti. Which: It is to mention animals and things. That: Are to mention animals, things and people with less importance. Examples: Daniel, the friend who you know. The girl who is sitting nect to you. The doctor who healty me. The soccer player in the school who is hurting me. Max, the friend who write. The manager whom provemes me. The doctor whom checks me. The cousin whom plays me. The pilot whom fly a plane. To whom it concern.

The toaster which is broken. The tv which is black. The dog which is barking He cat which is eating The game which is a CD. the hyena that laughs the guy that speaks. The book that on the table. The mause that steals. The phone that rana.

Tag question. They are small prayers that lead a purpose that it is to affirm or deny something with a question at the end. Always use the auxiliary verbs, always goes first a positive and at the end negative and vice versa. Present simple. She is a beautiful girl, isnt she? It is an expensive car, isnt it?

You are go to the school tomorrow, arent you? He is stupid boy, isnt he? Negative form. She is not beautiful girl, is she? It is not an expensive car, is it? You are not go to the school tomorrow, are you? He is not stupid boy, is he? Past simple. She was a beautiful girl, wasnt she? It was an expensive car, wasnt it? You were going to the school tomorrow, werent you? He was stupid boy, werent he? Negative form. She wasnt a beautiful girl, was she? It wasnt an expensive car, was it? You werent going to the school tomorrow, were you? He wasnt stupid boy, was he?

Present continuous She is eating pizza, isnt she? He is driving the car in the street, isnt he? You are cutting the paper, arent you? I am cooking the spaguetti, arent I? Negative form. She isnt eating pizza, is she? He isnt driving the car in the street, is he? You arent cutting the paper, are you? Im not cooking the spaguetti, are I?

Past continuous. She was eating pizza, wasnt she? He was driving the car in the street, wasnt he? You were cutting the paper, werent you? I was cooking the spaguetti, wasnt I?

Relatives pronouns. These are words that we use in english to say one thing and adding that connector give you more information wing prayer. And there are different ways of linking these prayers, but use different these words: Who: It is used with people you know or those who are in your same level. Whom: It is used when you talk to a greater or when it is a higher grade than ti. Which: It is to mention animals and things. That: Are to mention animals, things and people with less importance. Examples: Daniel, the friend who you know. The girl who is sitting nect to you. The doctor who healty me. The soccer player in the school who is hurting me. Max, the friend who write. The manager whom provemes me. The doctor whom checks me.

The cousin whom plays me. The pilot whom fly a plane. To whom it concern. The toaster which is broken. The tv which is black. The dog which is barking He cat which is eating The game which is a CD. the hyena that laughs the guy that speaks. The book that on the table. The mause that steals. The phone that rana.

Tag question. They are small prayers that lead a purpose that it is to affirm or deny something with a question at the end. Always use the auxiliary verbs, always goes first a positive and at the end negative and vice versa.

Present simple. She is a beautiful girl, isnt she? It is an expensive car, isnt it? You are go to the school tomorrow, arent you? He is stupid boy, isnt he? Negative form. She is not beautiful girl, is she? It is not an expensive car, is it? You are not go to the school tomorrow, are you? He is not stupid boy, is he? Past simple. She was a beautiful girl, wasnt she? It was an expensive car, wasnt it? You were going to the school tomorrow, werent you? He was stupid boy, werent he? Negative form. She wasnt a beautiful girl, was she?

It wasnt an expensive car, was it? You werent going to the school tomorrow, were you? He wasnt stupid boy, was he?

Present continuous She is eating pizza, isnt she? He is driving the car in the street, isnt he? You are cutting the paper, arent you? I am cooking the spaguetti, arent I? Negative form. She isnt eating pizza, is she? He isnt driving the car in the street, is he? You arent cutting the paper, are you? Im not cooking the spaguetti, are I?

Past continuous. She was eating pizza, wasnt she? He was driving the car in the street, wasnt he?

You were cutting the paper, werent you? I was cooking the spaguetti, wasnt I? Negative form. She wasnt eating pizza, was she? He wasnt driving the car in the street, was he? You werent cutting the paper, were you? I wasnt cooking the spaguetti, was I?

Used of will, can, have,etc I will play the soccer, wont I? I can drive the car, cant I? Carlos should pass his exam, shouldnt he? He could find a job, couldnt he? You went to USA in 2001, didnt you? But in the Taq questions there is a way that you can use them as an invitation or suggestion and used two different auxiliary. Ex.

Lets go our for a run, shall we? Lets study tomorrow morning, shall we?

Active voice and passive voice. Active voice: it is when a person made a direct action and rests on a person. Passive voice: It is when a person made a direct action and rests on a person. Ex present simple whit present continuos: Jose plays the guitar. The guitar is played by him. Michelle is playing the guitar. The guitar is being played by him. The mom reads the book. The book is read bye him. The mom is reading the novels. The novel is being read by him. Maria eats the pizza The pizza is eaten by her. Maria is eating the pizza the pizza is being eaten by her.

Ex. Simple past whit past continuous. Jose played the guitar. The guitar was eaten by her Michelle was playing the guitar. The guitar was being played by him. The mom was read the book. The book was read bye him. The mom was reading the novels. The novel was being read by him. Maria was ate the pizza the pizza was eaten by her. Maria was eating the pizza the pizza was being eaten by her. Ex. Future will and going to. Jose will play the guitar. The guitar will be played by him. Jose is going to play the guitar. The guitar is going to be played by him. The mom will read the book. The book will be read bye him

The mom is going to read the book. The book is going to be read bye him Maria will eat the pizza The pizza will be eaten by her. Maria is going to eat the pizza The pizza is going to be eaten by her. Alondra will have the baby the baby will be had bye her. Alondra is gong to have the baby the baby is going to be had bye her.

Ex. Present perfect with present perfect continuos. Jose has played the guitar. The guitar has played by him. Michelle has been playing the guitar. The guitar has been played by him. The mom has read the book. The book has been read bye him. The mom has been reading the novels. The novel has been read by him.

Maria has eats the pizza The pizza has been eaten by her. Maria has been eating the pizza the pizza has been eaten by her.

Ex. Past perfect whith past perfect continuos. Jose had played the guitar. The guitar had played by him. Michelle had been playing the guitar. The guitar had been being played by him. The mom had read the book. The book had been read bye him. The mom had been reading the novels. The novel had been being read by him. Maria had eat the pizza The pizza had been eaten by her. Maria had been eating the pizza the pizza had been being eaten by her.

Used to. It is used used to + verb to talk about habits in the past and to talk about the past. Ex. I used to play the guitar. I used to live in London. I used to play football he used to play football we used to play football The form: it uses the same way with all the people. Negative form. I didn't use to play football he didn't use to play football we didn't use to play football question. Did you use to play football? Did he use to play football?

Direct speech or reported speech. The indirect style, in English "Reported Speech", is to express something said before by someone, that is to say, in telling what someone said about something. The indirect style in English is very similar to Spanish, so that does not have great difficulty for the Spaniards. In a phrase in indirect style we can find two parts : The first introductory part which includes the verb that , in English is called reporting verbs and is the one that introduces what is going to count. : say, tell, mention, suggest, ask, wonder. for example. Peter said that...,/ Mary told me that. Direct speech present simple I am happy I sleep present continuos I am feeling happy I am sleeping past simple I was happy I slept present perfect I have been happy I have slept present perfect continuos I have been feeling happy I have been sleeping Reported speech past simple He said he was happy He said he slept past continuos He said he was feeling happy He said he was sleeping past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect He said he had been happy He said he had slept past perfect continuos He said he had been feeling happy He said he had been sleeping

future I will be happy I will sleep future perfect I will have been happy I will have sleep

simple conditional He said he would be happy He said he would sleep simple conditional perfect He said he would have been happy He said he would have slept

Modal Verbs

Direct speech CAN I can sleep MAY I may sleep WILL I will sleep MUST

Reported speech COULD He said he could sleep MIGHT He said he might sleep WOULD He said he would sleep HAD TO

I must sleep

He said he had to sleep

Changes that can suffer some of the particles at any place and time: now tonight today last night this morning this week next week next year here at that moment, then that night that day the night before that morning that week the following week the year after there

Reported Speech: questions

In interrogative sentences we use the same grammatical: the subject is going after the verb but it is not necessary to use the auxiliary "do" or "did". Direct speech "Where do Susan and Ann work? " "Dnde trabajan Susan y Ann?" Reported speech He asked me where Susan and Ann worked. l me pregunt dnde trabajaban Mary y Tom.

Grettings. The greetings are very important anywhere is like to start the conversation with a person formal. In addition we salute in different ways and always will be used in your life. Hello Hi Good morning. Good afternoon How are you? What is you name?

Etc. INTRODUCTIONS. This is the same as the presentations but can be formally or informally, but there are different kinds of cheered and to start the conversation with any person. Can be different ways to do a conversation with someone else, but what you need to be able to make protector a conversation are the verbs, that there is not without verbs conversation, are very necessary to know securities commissions and tell the time verbals. For example: Mrs. White: hello, alan. Thanks for coming. Alan: hi, Susan. Good see you. Mrs. White: how are you? Alan: I am fine, thanks, and you? Mrs. White: I am OK Alan: the garden is beautiful today. Mrs. White: thanks! Is this a present for Anna? Alan: yes, it is. Where is she? Mrs. White: over there! She is with Sally. There are several rules in English and more on putting words in plural and singular and there are different types of rules, how are you: First rule: when a noun is written as fruits, friends and homes. No more is added an "s".

And many things can change in the verb form ends and here are his rules of writing: 1) If the noun ends in "s, x, or, ch, sh" in the plural this is put "es" Kiss-kisses radish-radishes. Box-boxes.

1) If the word or we pluralize the noun ends with "Y" in the plural shall be substituted the "y" to "ies". Baby- babies. Celery-celeries. . But if, before the "and" there is a vocal you add an "s". as in these examples. If words end with "Buddha faith" it is replaced with "see." As in the examples: Wolf- wolves. Knife-knives leaf-leaves.

THE FAMILY. This topic has the vocabulary that always starts to talk to the beginners that are taught as they say to the members of the family. Father. Daddy. Mother. Mummy. Grandfather. Grandmother. Father in-law. Mother in-law. Sister in-law. Son. Daughter. There is or there are.

It used to be able to express something or someone if there are, I could be in singular and plural.
+

There is a chair in my house

+ There is a dog in the house on the corner. + There are many persons were living in that house. + There are many people who have facebook. + There is much car in the street of Mexico. Also good hay can be put together in prayer with the going to be, but when you use will use the auxiliary: There is going to be a tournament next week. There is going to be party this week. There is going to be party this week There is going to be the park in this moment. ADJETIVES OR DETERMINORS. In English there are three types of shape to qualify for a noun in a sentence and can be: adjectives, the demonstration and possessives. These words go along with the subject in the sentence to be able to qualify it. These adjectives are always ahead of the subject. Some examples can be these that are below: My mother is a good person. My pet is very funny. These that are below My car is red My dog is a lovely.

The adjectives are decisive: When they are next to the subject in the prayer and always said in a straightforward way. This car is ugly. This pencil is blue These children are playing, This house is a large one. These streets are very small. ADJETIVES POSSIVES. In these adjectives is when you want to express that something is yours or is something about you. And here are used the possessive pronouns. My mother very intelligent. Your sister is very crazy. His sister is short. Her brother is tall. Its brother plays soccer. Our sister is very beautiful. Their brother is tall. The adverbs. The adverbs tell us how the person who is the object or animals is, but what they say as your subject is.

The auxiliary to be.

The verb to be is not simply a verb if not it is also a auxiliaries in English, when used in a sentence is always after the pronoun personals goes before an adjective. Ex. I am intelligent. You are beautiful. He is tall. She is small. It is ugly. We are bored in the classroom. You are confued. They are work.

The adjectives with emotions. These adjectives that go with our feelings are very essential, and that these are our expereciones in English. This magazine is interesting. The music is very relaxing. My car is very fast. This car is ugly.

A & An. These words in English are very essential because it means one or a, but these are used in a different way each. It is used when the word begins with consonant or hear how consonant and the UN is used for the words that begin with vowels or listen as vowels. Example the an: An apple. An hour An oranje. An ipod. An angel. Example the A: A bottle. A cellphone. A bed. A sofa. A tv.

can This word can be used in different forms in this language. This word its meaning is "can" and is also used as auxiliary of the prayer to give a logical meaning wing phrase.

The can is you can use as a mandate, in skills, to say the not a thing we cannot do, to ask permission. Examples of can: I can drive. You can swim. She can study now. He can cut the paper. We can play the soccer the next Saturday. En forma negative: I can not drive.

You can not swim. She can not study now. He can not cut the paper. We can not play the soccer the next Saturday.

En forma de pregunta: Can you drive the car? Can you can swim?

Can she study this now? Can he cut the paper? Can we play the soccer the next Saturday.

The simple present. This time of simple present is used to when we talk about usual things that we do. Is that sometimes in spanish we are talking in this time when we talk about with people in the things that we did that day, or that we are going to do or that they want to do. Also in this time we can use the modes of times as always, sometimes, sometimes, never. But when we talk about what we are doing right now is not used this time is used the present continuous is used. But when we talk about third persons to the verb we have to add an "s". I live in Mxico. You play soccer. She swims in the pool. He studies in the room. We work in the office. Ahora veremos cuando queremos a hacerlas preguntas: Do you live in Mexico? Do you play soccer? Does she swim in the pool? Does he study in the room?

Do we work in the office? There are many expressions that are used in the simple present are: All day , week, month, summer, saturday, time. You can also use adjectives adjectives or all the adjectives. Adverbios de frecuencia. These words are very used to tell you how often to do a few things and actions. Can be used at any time or grammar. Always. Usually. Often. Frequently. Sometimes. The others are for questions or to ask. Ever. How often? These words are when ever we do: almost never. Rarely. Never Here are some examples with these adverbs. I always play soccer. You usually run in the street He frequently swims in the pool.

She sometimes studies for the exam. We seldom drink the tequila. They never drive in night. Time. In the english one of the phrases or words more important that you learn when they are boys is what time is it? There is no other way to ask the time, but these forms are more formal when we would like to ask the time an unknown person or to an older person. Have you got the time? Could you tell me the time please? Would you mind telling me the time? Have you got the time on you? You wouldnt know the time, would you? Do you know the time? Y aqui esta la forma en que se dice la hora en ingles: 7:00 pm. Seven oclock in the afternoon. 3:15 am. Quarter past three in the morning. 11:30 pm half past eleven in the night. As and like.

Good these words are prepositions in the english language but the two words are used quite differently, although like a verb but is also used as preposition. The use of as and like there is much confusion with the people who are learning the English language, but will be accustomed to and are already used these two prepositions as they are. The preposition of as in the spanish means in warm or that quality. Examples of as: I want to speak to you as friend not as your boss. I work as teacher. I study as student. I play as soccer player. I she introduced mike as her cousin.

The como is used in a very different way that the como, is used to compare with the como. In addition, the como can be used in different ways but for what they don't know how they learn english. But the like can be used in a sentence "how". As in these examples: It is a city Mxico. We need a person like her. I think like you. He is not like me. They love little cousin like a son.

The como and the como are easy to confuse in this language that the translated into spanish mean the same thing, that is why there are ways to be used. As in these examples. She Works as a dentist. I like flowers like that. I want speak English as you. He is been working like as shop assistant for 2 years.