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VARIATION IN PROPERTIES OF COLD-FORMED SECTIONS HAVING STIFFENED OR UNSTIFFENED COMPRESSION ELEMENTS

Mr. G. Chakraborty*, Mr. Arijit Guha* and Dr. T. K. Bandyopadhyay**


ABSTRACT All over the world, engineers are taking noticeable interest in using structural steel as the basic material of construction for fast track projects. Keeping in mind the utility of higher weight to strength ratio, application of open web Cold Formed Sections are the need of the hour to address structural steel as a superior construction material both in terms of direct cost as well as saving in construction time. The application is also finding more usefulness for unique properties of steel suiting to specific design requirements. It has been observed that for a cold-formed steel section having a stiffened, partially stiffened, or un-stiffened compression element, the entire width of the element is taken as fully effective when the width-to-thickness ratio of the element is very small or when it is subjected to low compressive stress. However, as stress increases in the element keeping the same width-to-thickness ratio or alternatively with constant stress value if the width-tothickness ratio increases considerably, the portions adjacent to the supported edges are more effective structurally even after the plate buckles. As a result, the stress distribution is non-uniform in the compression element. In the design of such members the sectional properties are based on a reduced effective area (BS5950 Part 5 & 6). Thus, the effective width of a compression element not only varies with the unit stress applied but also depends on its width-to-thickness ratio. For a given beam having a compression flange with a relatively large width-to-thickness ratio, the effective section modulus decreases with an increase in the yield point of steel used because the effective width of the compression flange becomes smaller when it is subjected to a higher unit stress. The strength of such a beam is therefore not directly proportional to the yield point of the steel. Thus variation in strength is also observed between various grades of steel. This phenomenon is applicable to both sections subjected to bending compression as well as pure compression. In this paper, the detail study of INSDAG has been represented with generation of a series of data corroborating the available standardized section dimensions for sets of cold formed open web channels and lipped channels as well as cold formed angles and lipped angles. The actual behaviour of the cold formed steel elements has been studied in detail with graphical representation also. Various aspects of stipulations of other International Standards have also been compared and elaborated. KEYWORDS Angles, BS5950 Part 5 & 6, Constant Stress, Cold-Formed Steel Sections, Compression Element, Cross-sectional Area, Design Requirements, Effective Area, Grade of Steel, Graphical, Lipped angles, Lipped Channels, Modulus of Elasticity, Moment of Inertia, Open Web Channels, Partially Stiffened, Radius of Gyration, Reduced Sectional Area, Section Modulus, Sectional Properties, Stiffened, Strength, Stress, Ultimate Strength, Un-stiffened, Width-tothickness Ratio, Yield Strength.

*Manager (Civil & Structural); **Joint Director General, INSDAG, 1st. Floor, Ispat Niketan, 52/1A, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, E-mail for correspondence: insdag@cal2.vsnl.net.in ; insdag@rediffmail.com

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