Switchgear Manual Gerd Balzer Bemhard Boehle Kurt Hanke Hans Kaiser Roll Pears We “Tettenborn Sorraoa 9th edition Transiated by David Stone Published Cormelsen Seseeert ABB ‘Schaitanlagen AG, Mannheim GIRARDET Federal Republic of GermanyPrt hitryublahed 1987 by BBC Brows ever nce 1888 by ABR Isp 24s4.48204.0 ‘Tranalator'e Note Ivnas boon ry fo to proce the English ext forthe Switchgear Manual eco 1973, ‘tron the et ania wag coneione. Tl 9 won howe, 9 eee ‘At sgn eased cout aga end ater dn continod in me bask ro eproduind whos ear ‘to the patent situation. " Copyright © 1098 by ABB Calor Ema Scratanlagen AG, enn DeRAN Tora soe Penioa by Cental Druck Tost GmbH & Co, Moveenatanm Pare nine Federal Repubic of Garmaay radon chorion papa —— Preface to the ninth editon ‘ne srengar Mans has concn wane reper snes the teen by Psp pete ac Yous ogo Wel rs at eitcone Gorey og onupbeso ane Sparan Pave provedsvalubisacuce ot hab 2d ave the Sar anges a nets may Tote een came ¢ a ae errr of ASE SBC, ran BUre The eve a expres engacrs, ere precet covet ABB hg {ecrcipy combing he tasers ara ksorhow obo cormanes, nate Scam Unchanged eth aim of AB. Caer Emag Schatartagen AG to vohold almost hall f come radio ofthe Satchgear Manual asa precteal quie, Thanks rs duo focal te iced inthe making of he bok or Her eorbutons anc vats ABE Cabo nag Schatarlagen AG “This gn ocon of the Swtchgear Maral in Engh apomars inher year of else Eaogen met remove fray ret evs oy hata "atonal reader Si resort 8 commen bass of efarence wonauie, te In anc to nny request, to pages of ne Swichgoar Mana covespond fo he “hoa cf tha German aden. The owe yokes can Tus be ofp when tarelsng on te suet of pichgear. Speci hacks ave cu® 0 David Stone for fsgan poduang a sound vaneacon. 198 Gob Ermg Sehotariagan AG Rall enka Manne, Jay 1888 resent iotpang Sonmte ‘seicr ion Prosicent, vThe authors and thelr special fields Key to contents Diving. Gard Balzer Physica andetsvie tindomertais Sher-oraur | Chapter THe : ‘alosaton Transformers and ecieal equip | ‘ane, HVDC syatems and static commpenestors | bering Bamhant Beene Eater. Dmenaionng ot swtengna nealatone. Prolactin, Sbstalen engceetg, Higrwoags ‘jaa and apparatus, SanatrcsContents 1 Pundamentsl Physteal and Technics! Terms. 44 Unie of physee! quantiee 14.1 The bteratons System of Unis) 112. Omerans ain earwron us; ma X13 Fundamental pyle! corsions| 25 tect of nual ott rangement on tut bana oor an three phase high-voltage networks above kV 0 25 Curretinput of electes! machines and transformers 26 Altenuslon constant of tranamission systems... 2e8 2888Bugg ‘Watway nd gy i ioe in id i sbove 1H ‘Geng with i paar nalts wi ‘Bimensons ter spent Protective Measures for Persons and Instaliations, ‘Touch protection Inetalltione upto 1000 V.. qe 8995 939 BEBEBEEE Protection ageinat contact in Intaialone above 1000. Prtecon ages drt conact Protcton neues of ndret core ‘leetromagneticcompatbity (EMC) (nig ana propagation of estrereo quanti [Erect irfrenen ares oa oeronc8 BAIS wr Meane of setieng EME se ne ‘oso satan lesionsi a 73 Selected Lv ewftchgearapptetions sot | 10. —High-Voltage Apparatus 71 Slaten sorvcesewtengeer none its a! Fae een ieee orn power UPB Set | 40:1 aiakons and sletica cherscterates for awtichgear apperatus 738 Herm applensors tor emer: Mediurm-Vottage tnstalations 82 Suohgear nstaltions 824 Detndors. epeeteadon® . 522 Pomel see nme age svichowe altos 223 Conentiondl macur-volage svichase” Bad Garineoated meu volage ewachgoa! 825 Conor yetom for mechrnvatege subse 43 Connecting inks for medium-voltage aubstations 3308 aggea 4 6 212 Gonorator creltaeakers type OR fg current laotaed-pnaaa busduct (onerator buscucts) SRREE BAREREE BAER Staion yout Frosted bisboids11.2 Outdoor suttengearnatattions max 22 43 Conductor Materials and Accessories for " Switchgear installations 33 was ‘susbare,etranced-wir conductors and ineuiaore ‘ae working aqulement in awitchgear Ina or Switching Station Equipment Protection and Control in Switching Stations and 4 USUSEGEEESE @ BEERS 8CCompreseed ar eerices in anitehgearinstlations agg932 2 | Materiats ond Semi-inished Products for Switchgear Installations fron and tee on BSses 2 BIRR FBFS FERS~ 1 Fundamental Physical and Technical Terms 4.4. Unite of physlos! quantities 4114 The intentions System of Unt (8) “The statory uns of measurement eet 4, tho basic units of the naan’ Gyten of Ue (uns) forthe asi quarts ‘engin, mast ire, lace ren, Netmodyiame ampertre apd MoUs Ke tens 2. ln aetret neo gate unity tee, nated Theva una chtngs asgrdues ofpowes of he basic unser storic units {trough mugen with a dated numere ace, 46 The docial maples ard su) mules of eres Sad under 13 Tab 1-7 Bask Sunes ‘Gunrity ‘unite Une | Symbcl—_Name Longe? = ‘more Nase to blogtrme Tire : second late curent a ampere Tharmagynamictomperanre k ihe Uminoce tone ed candela Aton unts ‘avery of asbearce mal ole abe 12 apis and evbrtpien of uty Desa power Prete ‘Sito! 50 Tee 10" Py ie Gok 107 ia 8 Maga M ios iro ie Kio " tor Nano 2 Beto io Po io Besa io Femio 16 Det it aie» Tater int ofan 12 3 «8 67 s ‘slant? ther ns No. Quanity | tora? eras Name ‘Symbol Name 1 Length 60, wotame 1 beng ewe m san Note No.1 12 Ava ‘square maven 1 are 2 tea tm {or land measurement i hate Pathe = tom ow ! 13 vou cubiemere fee ne team 6 $08 1A Recprosl —recocl mate in ‘eng only fe race ine ot | Sopa oo plea epsom 15 Bongston meeps mie Nemec valve of conga mote fonction onpreases per "Geese eae spans dann ca T ‘ale 13 eonanvo mee oom coms ye me ee ae ee oe oo 1 | sae ee ane | me mt | eg ine | ee nate ors + ge HSE mS mofo ow wa nat wei ew wl aon= Table 73 (eontrued) sto ary 2 * 8 «7 2 ae Oar onts No Oummiy rssh Ponarks he Smbot hare mr 2 Mass ‘Units of weight used a tors at Mess Megane — tg {ermoesirowvesag quar | Mesotgonn eed trae San 1808 ' a ste arene tg some Me eet sete re OTL TI, Sathana sree erg 18°55" the vlatonsne eu gion at sea unit ig col, 723-105 4g, mewccit 1 = 02-10% enforcers : 32 Messe ogame gm ican paenere ta tex = t0tigm ony for tee tres ens 2 tol” yane ne Dnvsos ett "Se mormer rata tances Tabi 18 ened Loren 3 7s @ 7 @ i 72 j ‘Sent ernie » eras 1 No. Ovary oa ner | = Syrbot _Nane Sr | e000 | i 33. Dety Magara igi? i re ‘cube mate i “moO 106 34 Speco —~—Ccinemere kg ) sumer Fegan 4c IN G7 and ae 85 Moment of Rlogromwe gen? No, 85 feta” Sauemene "Gee vaca 3 we wi clan?© rable 13 eontodt ronan taco aniarad stor re 2 «6 es 7 ® ‘Stone here No. Ouarty en eras Name Sybat Name Srrbot Time 41 The tecod rue mn min =a0e S20 DN 1955 owe ran" ee min bn te por ny 2 yoar o ota lee isthon a 8760p i od a Seeakoteonoss - | 42 Frecomney hee He te owe 1 hertz oot the He cuoney of spas eves | Faun corasen ott : 43 Reniitons — rpocs! va Wie dened ae eres | persecomd ——Gecene ‘exmsca! Gal ete tw orton, | reste inva timin= 608) seo NAS "Satori oc nea ower? j {bie 19 fort stot te ? @ re? 3 _ 5 ‘ i - = | Same aso Pemarss a Sra | 44 Ope ‘operas ‘reawney ——_Sosone 45: Vcc —~memoper mis \ | scone omer tev imme cteovs | pero 45 pecoloaten —mevoee met = eon unre 7 igi adap adn reer) econ 48 Angular radian per rads? |© able 18 contin) et ot units re 2 <6 6? 6 Ne ‘sunk Ome rts uaray Retsonstig® — Nome Spee Nme Smtr 5 Force, eneray newer 54 Force won ” AN = tigyst Un o weight 28 a gay tke soe ui foes, oe DN 908, 52 Momentum newon secu NS 1h = Thame 59 Prose pascal 1Pa = 1m ete ocak = seo Note ta coke 3 and ¢ or eee SOON ioe "eens canes Sata oc? abe 13 fei stout 1? 3 3 eo? . ‘Stont a No Cnty etabnatip' isan Name Syren mnt 54 Mechanical —rowenger Nin, Pa 7Past Nm Se mary toch ls thas rene Square, ‘oon agosto expres mo: feel ancl ses and ern heer Nee 1 MPa. 38 em wo Fame J ee any ot at id Sows T= AL the, proaoet state ot ecomat Se 1 80219-40% meaning, tmowoiogy te ‘Shad standart det for ‘tortainchip gon ce? aeP ons 55 Toque een Nn ered 57 Noga centensecand Nom VR 1s nono mare3 Tale 13 footie Lstotures 2 3 a 8 oo? ® Sten Other ie Wo any Se co Femane, Re ” Neve ‘Symtel Mame ‘Sinbot “ 58 Fomrenegy wait fora w Wate “The wait aso vee vit Me =1VA ampere (tandardoymbot ‘VA whon exreseng acti (8 aparent power ond Var (sada symtat a unen presen weer active power see DNA. © Viscometie quintiles 1 Dynamic pascabascond Pas 1 Pas <1 see DNB veecaty Siete 62 Kmemate re ic careers S90 192 "Se oreo sane a wns ndiocaare? Tie 13 footed) stot nes te 3 35 a7 * ‘Sona Omer os hia caney alaonatg” oma om Nore ‘Symbol Home Smbot 7 Temperature and bet ‘Thermodyranic_venpers K ‘ure 00 Nato No. 71 and TA Temperature Helin Dnt. Kee 16 aso tho unt for lomporsine auronrs ant ‘real. roe Col ‘Tre cegiee Cotiosis Exposion of Celeste co Tospesalrametor rakes’ and Cale ton. fonts Ketunwhen pressing erate aiterences, 200 (Gaus terporaves. Nolet N07. 72 Tama eqaromere ls seem tat tuenty per second 13 Esropy thea ole a sons eapectyperhakin Ta Thermal wanper Km) seoomsont conastiny —_baldnee Sere acoroaro cium Sand Sandestin? |Tale 1-3 foto) Lrttunts ar 2 8 so? @ ‘Stunt Oe ts No, Quanity Aan ema: Nae Symbet Mare Simca! 75 Fiatuancor —watiper WAKA, ‘90 DN 1048 coetieat Kehinequare move © lectrcl and magnetic quanttion 81 Bechiceunest, ampere a 90 ON 1328 ane ‘magnet poten Bw 1228 ‘renee 82 Beenie we v 1 Wa, ‘20 1325 poterbid ‘sorence 03 Bec nem 18 =Av E20 Neo clumra 3 and ‘conics ‘Fond leo 226 ra) on o 1a 28 see IN 1528 “Sm ako vonincraens Sandan caren? BNE Tale 18 (contin) stot nts roa 3 3 «7 6 rey Oe vate No. Quay Relais Porat Nave ‘Symbck Mame ‘Symbo 85 Cuantiy oteee- couom> © =the ‘se0 ON 1928 try, etic arpewtow Aah = SEDDAS cre 36 Gone ‘wed F +P = tow soe DO 1057 capactance 27 Beaten coutonboae Gin? ‘00 DIN 1324 omnety ‘auare move 39 Eewvoted —wotpermave Vin seo DIN 1328 tena 69 Magrots tux weber, Wo, Ve em 5 votes B10 Mapetonn tee 1 17 = twin? 900 DIN 1505 ena (atten) 811 ndicience __bamry 4 TH = TWA ceo Wl 1805 [8 "eemeremecmm swarm cam?resets moe om om a ee =e ee 7 “or ms seat | mista 82 trace cacao ew ‘200 ON 5031 Ports | mae ew ‘igs os tem Tee etme owas " Se saeis ccs sare 4 are wenn? me Tani 19 Tocoeea dnd ‘hate ct clot, patel Pal omer ae esa se ‘Steen fore onera craves cog canine Tosouan?: ‘Aruna cig dental i ey freee ae ON 195 Pea ea ‘Thesis shh tx rine tn (1852 \Wroncanvanngine so sale “yetetinana GO" mis mettre. Uae ath amet eo of OO np ea aor es reds iate ene mace manana Ja Tota at: ‘enh yori ar ws pyar min sha espeoked era apron ‘Shaaye dros to span (ha) nt a Bano name othe, ‘Yen mara tnm hae na PE, wn ‘Sry on ra 2 3). “ra erm) arpraze (7, io nom Aste pare ‘ta yal ary on ws Beast Rarmograne a ard Po be ‘meson en eee she ted al Ses The [tin can ano wns ren insane rnc. co corgaa erparar spc ere bane 2 gon ‘erate arpanen Tanda timperiee Ty 2018 Ts, patty = To 788K ” Wn xs Cbs tas thes bel Cis tb ed “om ciece& beeen mo Cat tarps, 9. fe trowatee ‘Pmesjarieanprtiee a chan growed 86 BEE fy and 2 Gmtarponnant ssp 4 1) Teme o sec net Cs napersa cn inh aon sgt ‘oy itacom anew oo bys otters {Ce fr tegen trmonrani operas etre For 8 Coe ‘erp 20°; tar Go Sho eh somes Targa te arasen sR a8 o ‘isecoret se to areas Ysa 273.18 'C, nan (due twpenase 772 16°C soarargio eI careierdas Scum 83K1.12 Omer unite sit n common use marc Bish nd US measures mtn he eo mayb a rod aren et a ch nine cs, Te Sa net ay fem coy cou. Angsngm A ths 029m = 10% moore psi en tae = 101335 Po timashere ec) sha ‘at = 86008 5a Br hers ue By 1B » 055.0583 ‘aloe ot ‘eal = 418665 ‘angen . Te tegen = 5x 105ra ee 69, 98 eg = Te seyret * Ten 275 BY &-39 on om ta = t0en ea Pa = 1073 ‘oot ® = 9304m salon ou 1 01 UK) = 454609: 10m? falon 1S) 05) 1H US) = Sre501- 10% Saune Ses 1G 10-7 sheer o 1b = G0 = 3 Sq = t gon = 5x: 10%rad (Garmooce,pons bat 1p = 0665 10° 8 = TON Forsepower ‘thy = 145700 } nade Oot on 4 ons 908085 ta I en : {ims 254mm = 254° 104m i itematona anpere A TAL 080008 ' ‘ena ra Fe TR > (aoe ieee hey A iy © oon ‘eeraes en a 19m = 1.00088 i intemal vot Ve AW = tose v imma ve 1 = anos { togrerm oes, pont rd for 1h = 2206661 = 108 Macnee we ma Me = 2a0o8sig ' eowet tate Imogrete tox $M t0niab = 104 i rae weer ota ns peeare 5 ws = 900865 PA = 0) bar recon " oni Ses tym = 10m Immaves of merci) aly presure 1 enti = 139:82 Pa | mtg & Bie are eee Of mon = 5-107 ra i ered oe Images sength 10e, (eso am Fever, heal aseut Ps.cv omer PS = Ta9aGe75 j Pad Pe mae {Pid = O5ig | pee * resoure ipa ties 109Pa | pose P ‘yam vaosty jP otras pend? ® ma 1b = 045688 Pound ea tne 1 pa o-e2ts H poner fe fore {fot = aavezew earn, rats ine ‘eg aine) {ame = 152m Shor ranereawaigie hom nes 1 Shot ~ 45.9502 ep roves a nematewiezsty tsa tomes Oem wr Tor pressure Sor = ts3a22Pa ‘voogntice port ° Keeani 4p =-{.00889%2080) m ~ OAinm eid * lege tye sate Zermer 5 rose iP sti, " ukane Upurea to rnb eca “able 14 Matic, Bits ard US near measure irra sana oie tne tn Me ee ah So ie ae eal ion a ag in ("Se ey ee BE go fF Ff ee ee i & 4 £ F eke Be ie ee eee oe SS BRE Ha Be Hes fom oe HO Hee Re Re, eRe Eee Be ee oe ee tm. eS oe oe ieee TE Re Etus Go Ee ae ie SL TBR. Te SE Ba ted | meme aheee eG, Teese {Bit or US routed mle = 1655 ‘kro a} = R600 nm = 10.9808 Table 15 Mati, teh and US square neasce te unis ofarea Teh and US wast ea Squore Square Squnre«Sqeay | Sauere Sguse = Sguse | Syisro Sguare Gir ‘com ave ecm, cent. iim. milo yee ol rei wt orton? sqmie ays satin mis t So 100-10" 100-108 100. 10% ompDIg 1195-10 Love: To 1550-10" 197-10" et Wd 19000 000000 986-104 1.1059 HO7ed NSD 1973-1 Vit et joo” Yoon” Oaes-te# Oories | OTo7 — tsso 3873-108 Hee 1408 tier Joo” 8506-10 O96: yo 0207 1ot OGD 1973-10" Vaee tee Mtoe eye 288-1 O19. 108 OI07e-10- aNOISS 1973 Dapese _poapasa 260-10 259 10h 280-10 ‘20076. $0" 2767010 ag tas 108 6098-10 Dieoes 19+ osarte0 @3.6190 8301807 057907 DawB-10% 1 Ys 1646-108 5200-10" 8990-702 9m004 9om008 seveRA ONNEB- OT ONT 1 we arte Base. tors qase 104 gaca'to® @astee | GASt6D — O.2I06-10% 0771-10 000800 + Maro 507-10 S067 10° S067 10% S067 -10% 5067: 104 0198-107 Biaor 10% 0.067 104 0788-108 1 Special measures: + bacare is) ~ 1008 (3) tama = 100m? 1 shot of paper = 88.61 (Gres 8 places am AA or 16 loos A, 6732 pieces AB " eectonfasnie) = 64ers = 2.580% Yecre = se4Daqyds = 40960 1 6q peo = 90.28 sq = 252007 Jue 100eqpoles = 4OADsayeo - 20.4688 \ usa. 4 yardotland = s0ares = 121405 3 ‘isa otland = 640 sea = 2580 4Wowie uni of lame ion and US us of vue US iu mere Citic Cube cuneate alee ube akon htt ‘mare decmetre cantare mibratre Yard” ot te ° Ce ee on eat pint 1 1000 1000-10 000-10 19079 ana O10 a2 tas arise t+ 1000 1000-10 s070-10 Ooms Shae oa? tose SS 08 Tas 000" 12079-T0# 03892- 10+ .0si029 Gaeta 10° TasHs 19 2ioe 10 pro ioe datos} Pometorgsssa-1o" gen toe Og 108 teem. 0e 2a Oreiora 7o4873 764879 TeesTa-108F 2 45086 hee 0289170 castro ae2i70s esi7O19 OaaTeer E59 107 Os63605 D4s.S505 9482805 OOpIzIe Domus 77S za0 aaa, to oarste02 473.1800 ars ten2 amet goreraD — S6En5 i i i i ir g 2 ~y { | | | BHD HTE lliaw |*{! Negiaa s/f |G onl i ¢| adage 4 Halnal Vinee HE ual i * | ites") Bagg Heeta|" |i iu He * i S3epea| "| 8 gbak a i a | 5 HG |! at” : : woderannietad| 5 2 - } HEDGE? :——__— [ase rate: «= 2718282 o's rac: 5 = 0529-10%om ‘nv of te tnrost lockon tin Bah’ atric ma Enagy mess equivalent: 8987 10963: = 178-107 g ev seceding te nton,fowing E = Wn, th mathemaital bal or a ebearved ‘onctormeton pccmsaes ators maar Sveum siya ao an en ges 00 afta Are a ‘usnty (mens) of m substance which ie uorcay equ ars fo the rece weit (1 mal Hy = 20H) jm Soandoarns naman count 6 = hears sr? + relates alent ‘enesgyehe leprae o vals boo alan Coot leo lek soy, 7836K » OK. 1.22 Faraday’ tow 0188 V at 20°, 1. The amount en rags ofthe substances deposed or convarid at an electrode is Wins aapacoment constant: & = 028978 on proportional ote cums of ety = 1 ‘nadie be tempertira ets Wg Source to be ele or ts spout, meat 2 co1 spe se maro7e02 = s06 Since ne equvatet nas ol bale tents 27.93 gi he annus of weigh tom ey eretete nesessen io depestercovarne cqubaont mast the onl be ooh onidaton are aod andy recut athe cathe: ot Faraday conan (Fw 98480 Aahra 125 Tharmestecte seiee ieney Equivalent Gunety Aoproxirate te tre two junctong 0 expoead to erent temperstre, a theraslece curest ° mee precited, optimum ourert tows nthe wrap (Seebeck ect, hermocoust), Comverse otaroorture afer. mot fheoretest ——oawaey. {oe beeen he te uneons occurs an lacie curenti passod vough Ee vio aan EN Toop (Pet tet "Tro sharmesterre votage sho difeence etwosn he vales, i ios, tated in fowinum 3 ee “Tabla 1, Tone raat aretorenca ura of pacrum and a tanpersure dirence of Coan 2 ar Gaatesetsh 1 = Gmatesona 1 % Gero 1 % Geomim 3 * Gomi & jo 18 Conger a8 7 se ‘cooper 2 9? 100 So 5 " Hyco, 100 Yon) 2 95 100 tren, 3 s bas 2 95 100 ognesim 2 Nea 2 Nek 3 Gnygen 2 Sivee t Tn 2 | Ta 4 Bre 2 Sasa. 121669 1 Rokvo toe carbon 12 kctne = 12.000. 2 Chara piven rns molnmassvaleney gral Gopperteantatan ‘ured vupteseo- crnay pro 1000°0, Bap . tonesestanan Pret shun - : (Fetoonat pta700%C labours upto 1600" Scott orwa ava sal ina paena door fb 1 Meeteemt Pram ear ‘Trace cle are shor-crcuted vate nova endicot Ther irsialeeisiasesince. | sptoa00°C _pleimmemesum pre 1 e000 a %bb 124 ptt value The pH vauo Isa measur of ho “cy” of aqueous soln. Mf dnd as be {dyatten base Oct he recprcal of he hysogen on eoroe arson CHO", iw -og CH,0. PH sea 1 m= | elit eroctiorc aid 8 HCL ‘0 wat 618 2m (4 4 NaC 0. marron amar (217 96 Ni sated bre wat (017% Gage) (0.4 mcauste soca sluon (9.4% NsOH Pott i vate of some soutons KO = Hyeoges in erent i 125 Heat eanstor | Heat cortnt fray) oa 20a: = Vp 0 At ‘Volume. dnsiy.c sped eal, ab iomperatro ierence Heat fw acquaint pr en tn: 32 Ot | Hea ows estore maasures in wats (1 W = ih | | 6 1 Host Bom wih cnsucton tough a wale awe [Atanas are, thera eondsceviy wal hekcess, AO emparatreastornce. Hon ow in he case of tacster by convection Betvzen sata Wal and 2 Rowing edom: O ea-A-88 chou ante coetiert, A wancior aoe, A® tomporane erence Heat tow bnaen foun med of ona ororatrs eset aA 80 ktneral conductance, Atanstr area, AO epee difereno, | nthe cate plane tayered was porpencieva othe eat Row tbe thera ond: | ee oeteient kis cotanod for fe equation. et A ae Here, and ae the net ranctrcosiclnts ether ade ota wat consisting of layers of sanosaeao, and Baral condvettoe arTraratadiaton For bro paral tac sutacan of equal die he baat fw enchanges by atten cure [(e) HoY] Wien oy relating sutaces having emlsitas ef and, 2 nets “Uy (%)]} < 200°) Foor cemngs: In upwadddrocton 7 In dowd dct 4 Force-creutas ar an a vest w= 2 6 20 Mom air wacalyw> Smit eave 1.26 Acounles,nolee measurement, nol abatement ‘rain pene oe monn no mB wap Soret ed pessaait tance pons eB SS 8 = mioRnes vo: er pes, up aud eat 00 ee 2100 = 2-100" P= merotenracun sd peers energie (p= 210K? naar tha sound mtr an sondienit «20153-19710, ‘The tants of a ound can bo mosauted as DIN oodness (DAN 5045) of a8 tho wsigee courd preseare vel DIN oudhoee (DD xprestod im unto IN phon. Ey‘vse 80 and 6010 he sound presse vel LA dB(A) Al hake evel values ae r= ened @souns pressure of 2" 10* Nine. ‘Acordng fo VDI eterna 2088, acceptabe lncneae of rues mut on average ‘rot exceed ho femingvatuae at ne port foi: ie Dayne Nightine ez aah) aan, aa Inet 7 7 Commerc es ” Compost © 6 Gane reagan 55 ” Purely eset 50 s Therapy Mepis, te) “ = Stoe-4ved,loatod nol peak can be deogerdod. ‘Thro slogan tlatoneip berween te sound pracsure cf sovera sound sour. cos nd her toi uneet. ‘Toit iodnsos of soveral sound sources: ‘Anincease in evel of 10 68 sires a dour. ecuton of 10 cB a having of ne petcived ousness. 0 ~~ tn gore, notes mustbe hep slow 9 pssble at hor point of eign, This can ofan teecinvedby erasing ne nowo sources. ‘Scund can be reduces by nate means. The meet commocl used coundabeorbant Ineterele oo porous eubeancee, pagics, cor, laser ord mineral woo). The ‘Tan ain shoul be fo reduos the Ngrer Fequency noes components. Ths also _geveray coset active tha amine ower semuency Pose. ‘Wen tng wat ard cline fr thr Sehaour gang alc noun, one do- lepine soi tu rong 19 a0 Daty-LyinaBwhoret = 2019508 1 sound nat room cotaingsoune urea = 20und vel room ecehng the sued Table 14 ‘Rtercation gree or some bulgaria range 100102200 He simul ‘tee Sueur ‘son component ‘baton dB comoonont vation oB Brchworkrenaered. 2em 48 ‘Single door thot ore wang 2 ‘Single dor wit good ealrg ” ‘Single window wthout aang 18 ‘Seared doubie window hace! # Inne ters: Yin? A = 0163 410m = vokera ot room in 1 reverberation tm nein which he sound lel Las by 60 8 ter sound rledon ceases, Ind 1 res othe sao ofthe utes oom, Index 20 8 oom trata wth ise: redoton menses a1127 Yectnicl values of colds, uid and gases Tate 15 Tool vate of 088 Mawar ‘Denety “Woting Got Lincar —‘Thernal Mean ‘Specie Terporaue Po or gaint formal coma spec. eechcal_ consent ‘cing fowanson Viy2et| onteat_ fedkiarce p_ of eects! pain G2 O00" SOC ressnce nd a20-c time °C TOF] Wins) OG mm Eauminum Fo rr rr ‘0 07 aoe ‘isa AGS 1 £20 2 = es ie 0 ‘cow? dooce tad ut se 120 oat 0048 Beene Gus as. -o00 “Ws soo 0027 oom Casita re a) Be ore = ame Gera Se2 1200 2400 BS 482 028. tren pe 781s 250° 207 458 030 00s Irons <8 13 2158 red =D008. eneast 2s Tem Be o& 50 oa saa x20 1068 2700142 08 130 0038 (Gorsiaman Cu + 289 3600 naa Ho 948.050 ~0.00005, Eaton dro Sst sem 420 13 oe carvon gepmoe 225 yess mM copper 0 392 2000 155s 93 ‘ore goosse Eepoer 20 Bs 2a 65 5a 3 Dost come Mogresuin 6 sno 250 we) Bows 008 Pte 96 19°C Table 115 foo) “Toornical vis of sta Moa ‘Dersty king Bcng Linear Thermal Mean Specie. Temperature Por pee themal concucts spes.acial cone freezing ‘opancon viyiat festcat_Fesanesp ofelecial point on ae redtaroe . nox, sare rotin® CCI GO) Sg) BF TK Base 04858) es rar ‘7055 comes, eka 89 N85 3003S lor caows Platnum vias 7m 30000 ts Laat 0008 Morey tase 9963 as ott ome 0.0606 ‘Ske (erbic) aor SOR TD Seenen (rai) (3 2] st Siver soso 0601950185 h 233 018s 00038 Tungsion sea 2360 6000 as0 107 im 050.0086 zee 72 a8 OO 1680121 37 oes 00ST Tm yap mz 2900287 zm oss boosTe 16416 ‘© Tectia vale ot aude ‘aor ‘enico Dery) etng om co Sanson Thal pedo fine ‘oma, whist comico conuoniy Nacrat Scots fee rotor Sion" Stare” SS i , fare tie eae 8-0) | ‘Aeetone KO ora = t Stes SR me Enyce Coyo ors ie ota BSS ‘Armonia Ni om 78 as an ete GN soe G2 sats ome i Gee Taw TREE ei 100s 1005 rete zene Sicaine Ge, 1 lp wo 0508 Bare 362 : ponds mn as 22 ere a ao twos EE cesoroa ar 2 Staion so, Tbe asamp tonsa lupenting oss | 30 181 ar a tee 723 var +20" otto oie s-17 Tectncl esl ists aca Gens! aay Maing gata = empleo fae pon? Sor? Enya. stestoC dene saan, tome wom Wea epee om “ae aCe Sion . ae Tes te 3 three an # ve Tiss Sh tons desvane han | im (One epeats of crop avengh when asteny load wth tom es apa su at slovaiedVanperahres. 1.32 Toile and eamprogsive strength Ite tof apccaton of wooo F cote with ho caida vs prismat ber ‘revo secon A (re. be nonmel svea wom ltsted ever th cs-se0- w1 Boreas (ne em) ln sti = mi teh haan tion ares and acting porponcatart ti E ' on§. onda ne mia ‘Wt tho mavirur parmisaiie ares da 8 given material anda ven load, ‘hereto, Pw aque ees sect, othe rasa pormiealo Wc, 8 F Ba Poor = Com A re Example [Aceaator is tobe sessed wih a seacty use alc encan t | | I | rato! satura so! St Madham, = WoNinn® Bored ‘rose sac aber E _ 100020 = Eo - BRRN « sccomn Pours barat d = 45 mn chocon, Fe to 1123 Bonding srength ‘The greioet banding acton ofan extemal force. oF Be retest beng “ren Mt, ‘cout a the point of xing an to case ofa ele cartever, and! pee one ‘eae of cena dec Baa on vo spars, is Ble as oesistance W = Mow “Tho mom pemisbie enc nets M-= Wn remot = |Table 1-19 (canine 1.9.8 Bucking strength Bench lead “Tin baeladod In comrasslon are able Bui, Guch bare ube chooks bah ase Readlontace Fequied Detection Berna moment ot vclng ergs ete ws Eun orl, ¢ dtntin bang awn bate moment fesbiance, mac fouroases. perms ble bod Tae 120 Fo feo Fatoe 1 ee Seeking « Saelety moc of matrt 1 =Facer fate ‘Aan ~ Staten at ree, htm sal moment of ert ‘casticn #8, {Mesimum paris ores form catbon F = Single plot ad, 0 ry Sided Tod. Fund Fz ae rot equal | FT eam near seat “8 ‘abst wih th diagram next boom. i Forwood 210,‘Threadod sete (98 pipe) IN 2440, Tbe cor seamies tel ibe iN 246, WE) 9E Oto Fra Eye eee SE ae Fig = AS hnhich # Force “J Moment ot nein cs 4 aty oleae « 8 nals permis erese A Croet socton ee 1D Guteas deneter rade damerer 1 bg Fats ” robe 120 ‘Sresses in shear era avaye combined wih a bending sss, and thereore ne ‘Sond sass. ba 0 be oct subcoquont i aocorcance wih he folowing earea, Fit, shot bls ante ke need cniy be cata for shear ees Beate 1 et a ped oct "Gis oS 36 BW ea arto el may sores ag os Galette the cros-ection oa shackle pln of sus tet ST 0-19, Ah Ra azan ‘incr ato ORO Fates soo ia? ad tas = 08 Fyne 1 the pula coupling shonin Fi. 18 4. Clean sear ea: F 120.000 agi = S12mne 4B Five” OOOO) NTE ote apin ameter of = 20 nm. wh W = 0.8 {OF met fom Ww Ot +, s08 Jom 122) + eemmaryn gems ronson sta eal conpcernelbarsmisen on Silver ana usrges rewire VOE 120 a Bloat cel e100 Sane £0 no ON POD Tt FEO. | “-2.Notoaon of bending ses: 1.3.8 Moments of resitance and moments of inertia ‘Th bending covet fe to ln IF 1 wth a sinlaplt ood na FY Yea ‘eerily sea oe. The average valves ‘Memes of eca pole axa pin cetculated in tama of shear with ¢ = 20 en bo too week, The reared bin ameter scutes intone oftond My 21108 w 220 7-0 mn = 07 om = VTS & OT TOIT = 70 = 414 m= 48 mm 4.9m eof he bending seus, te pn mast rave a amet f 2 em nataad of 200, oxsret—ooeaat 2B peeng Ba oussone+14 Geometry calculation of areas and solid bodes 162 Areas and conten of gravity 1.43 Area of polygons Regula polygons (n angie) ‘Tra aro A ng of eden 8 and ad of te olor A andinner clos canbe hoe rt Taba 25 Belew" O axiarnsateon ve BB ets abe eh Onargheny saa, +A verry Onanrneaet vernent—r, On anh ene2n-A eB on Btena ofa © (20% Dd+075a%) ——taceroxinat) J vega)» o-ceAvcanaetaees veanen Om ceatrence ot ome Argo cin coaonetne VWlusefwneg ——Larghotunesog xh Sin acheg x ftacone ss ey fomeria outiae, Stee ay arseee a a 2 General Electrotechnical Formulae and Tables a Nathanael synbeoatroming-aetantinn nner uanten 2.4 leotrotachnical symbole! Sout Sunt 3 wv - w é Wave Table 21 3 ¥ Matera yb cecal quant erred : ms tatomatel mbes ir cesreaisvarse ere) 3 Groat Gunety Bunt a 5 4 sa @ ‘uae oeancy, cecto cage © ‘ : z Serato evant Siw 2 a ° Stet aoa. ee capicoent Sie ¥ 3 o ‘Set perl aterm v k a © Slee pol ¥ & 3 : aig, act conta i : a . Seareteconine i= 098540: 10-"FIm Fin a 8 q relative permitvity 4 r rod é eave acres F re Secre crert a v -elootrie current density Aime Tate 24 Nine cticeondssty om ’ Sete let restarce a & stro condustanoe 3 a Sears eatanoe & ° Siocronae ree 5 bie22 Maberatzl symbol for magne aunt conta Symtol——_Gverty stant o smegnetic hue wo 3 rrapete non y # rage oe seg am ¢ ‘magretonotie or x . magneto pater! 2 * pomeaony fim & Bbsaktepermanity n= 4 107- Hn Hen * ‘ovo permooity : t irauseno k be ‘ial nducaroe x Sepa aoc o‘Tho roquency andthe ang Raquercy 0 celoued rm ho perc ine T vn aiodested by a moving col atmo fr example ‘The rot meen quate value (re vai} of an aerrating oxen te square 0! of sonmesctiemuerdta ate beac ase ta pte 2 Fite ‘3 regrce tr gana of heat, te ockmawraguare value ot fetanceachven te se afc ox Sect curart of ha aero ma ‘The roctenaanaquae value can be ensured not ony wih ming ‘ut ia wit howe nsrrnt, ermal converters ahd lactrota inating cer ae ae roe tr congo. orn dn undue ‘The undementt olan content andre harman contant cannes exceed 1 Inte cae ota snusciel cation ‘be uncerenalcatoten content g = 1 ‘menarmont contest et Y ennesnan snore set “Tolling rand dations aren accordance wth DIN £0110 forthe acute ‘Navovtoms cl yotage and cat! alerageant cet operant power asthe power reactve power power factor rencive tac seve poe roncive power “To unt oa treet power aha wat Tyua iyluronnstny sosbeeoprom power andvar meal an en sha toc renee power. ranctance reese reactonco copacine reactance ninco (recive wovceptnce ‘apace susceptancs ue yeree = 2. the angular keauoney and pte pase apucrvet arg of te vag Tae 2S Wan tespectobw eurertU.rand.2er0the numeral valiesotheatemsing-canest !— ptenatngcurert quanti obese oct umoen fend 2 remorse - Cai eet tnt nape aie | se ai ‘apreste tr lhe ous vector syst b doo iH recat eta bane . ' ' where G = foo8 pando, en seB hbece Curent votago rotonarps Simi oI maamig on ‘oman reed ® g f ewan vm ipa ut 7 1 mE ee fea irene oe ahr dana! os vere G2 Maametavanet —— Satomut=~bemw wktewet- veut t2 Bmontmer oopasutslan awe Fe Gerrieer wc deinat «es ut Serenata P= wee ia i ao ‘26 ee cmcance van resistance ‘eopsciton (rake cal) # é é ain ones . a et “impedance 2 f ot \ 1 L We A we « ava aBap Table 2.7 (oni Numeral vals for mae matrats 2 Electroal resistances 234 Detnitione and specie valves ‘An mio ceeatnce i proce itth nsantaraous ylies oh vokago are propor; | rorac neds ee SoacoNrcsovomic sana Feast somone ‘arya nants ne ete rd de te Hie prea untreated Sea crae a re s soe aa eae mies pe ‘Specie vali for aor materi 3 show In Tle 27 re 27 ‘urea vais foro matsins CCenmectadin sei (Fg. 2-4) Fp.26 “Toa condvctanoa« Som ofthe Indu conducts fe 026,+0,+0,+ orInthe cate on equa rastances the fll ealstarce th ath pa of hvu resatnoas. The vokage at ae relefancee I tre srr. Te ren u fad 128 = Sumotecmponentes = 2. “Tro cunts behave ivareey oth essences AopeiBin wih nethine Bink Translation detestr ara stands (Pa. 26) reee wh aoe curt th cletons ae somes are complaaed andor er+ ed et win the ado reektance operators. Using te yeboke mathe of calc unton, owovor is busca the boro as above. CCeetavon ofa tripe batwesn pont A ana Big 27) Tobe laut {tha rt osstarc Ag botwoun ports Aan 2 leant baboon poms A238, tne canorent mens and ‘vee:“The values Fy an ye turd by mugen te rosiance of the concer or Fessince mf sid ahd hex ono, espectvely ean: “Th resitance ofa copper conductor af = 100 mand A= 10 mn# 20°C 8 2teose 100-0017 . o79.0 0% 10 Pa ith tempat cancuor ano # = 80° he reaance becomes ‘ | vetage tog AU 8 ETAL cone oat Fag» 2. 0175 1 +0:006 (0 - 200.196 2, bpe Ronee cross-aeclion ae remiss ap = A sn 2A oo saat 4 “Tae meme) «Gia re) fs cenmbngho! RL Ratinee Ps Pebopenr te cathe ioe oar | ve gumioptay —-XLe Renton 1 = sastoghte om ion oom Insinglnphase and these phase, eystors wih cbles od nas ofan han $8 ran {Rolnaacve rescence can usalybe rgarde, hie elie! nsuch cases to ek ate oly wth he dc. recone, "Reece ary deer: once ume, LORIE eon sop oesome enc re ©roe 28 ete reitaos pa” unt ang ot PVC-ngulted cables wih oper conductors as DerDIN VDE 0271 Of KV Number 0.6, Onmle Indoe- eee enivance por unt iongih the Roe eeé, ane tance steos Xi 098 09087 oe Bhim Gh Dfien Biken Blk 102 a7 4 Bore ‘arte agras ome ramp: [Atwoe ghase pomr of WY with oss p= 08's te rented at 20 V over ano {oman Teves ao ret rt reed ate erated ore ecien to ‘Tre peroantage votage crop 2% i euaent to ay au = Bious BR acovecow ‘Thocurentis ; Pe sone “Ttrcee * Te-aov-o8" 9A, Cnlelason is mae easier by Talo 2, wich Ins tne eect cesetance pe vit Temgit con p= ,ain porte most common cables snd conductors. Raareng Ingtho eomda-Sr ihe vonage op yeas 80 asia. ae Rico Xan en * STS a Te. — pewarg to Tole 23a o 50 lh an elect een peur gh Aenea bo ved oe aca vtage ooo wlan be AU ATUL ower Xi en TY8-A0A-01 0-042 fen = 6854. BU ena « 258¥ soon = 16% ietweciionte gu + SE sa0% « Sip 160% 2.5 Current input ot electrical machines and transtormers, rect cnt Singeohaeeateratng creat Mees: CGorwataes: Motors! “Tranter aod syrcnanous tages ne tages ‘generators a ao Ta oe . nS ‘syerroncue tors: tem ee TP oz wo eve sn heer fortae-phage eure, Ue pase eae. Tato 29 Motor cant ange for tvee-phase motor yoke aes for squire ge Pe) ‘Smatert possi short-cut ae (Sens entopory gL for tee-phase mat. The ‘Suu vase goveres by ho suring doves oro lay. nase vaio ov BY AE ee —_——_— om mov ev SCO heel Motor Motor Motor Motor Shen ourert ‘rent ‘oxrert Tang Fuse ‘aing. Fuso ratng Fuse vaing FuCe ee RRR AA a7 2 ‘ 4 ‘ 6 0 6Table 29 (conume) Motor carn range fot ee ahase meta ype! vate fv sauce yp) ‘Sales? posite shor chet fuse {Seren category ol” for tveehase mole. The luo le governed byte echeg coca or mote rly oor oxtout “ov Ss cage S888 8888 ay “The mor curant ratings tele to normal ejrnay-cocted and surtace-cvled te: shave motes wih synentonaus sponse o 500 ma ‘Ta ose late ‘metre 7d aso squir-cage motes wih sar-deta sang |) Usual th fae loro as eument ie mat ‘un highor at cure, staring euro: anatortonger sarge, uo arg tces, Noto sermons on predesienefines and cane agains ovecems(Sacicn 13.23), 26 Attenuation constent 2 of transmission systems ‘ne ttn wove of arenas ts gl et ea are onoted bi ogarthc tra te tao of he cuba gan’ 1 ore covet wh mob wty repo f= a = 201 #108 AG In the case of abschite lve one caters tha tematonaly spc vauos Pe = fos 120008 OND O08, rei of Ui ~ i = 1.42, Th corer HV 1A 11 Valo 0.8 Np = O35 B08T3 Calculation of Short-Circuit Currents in Three-Phase Systems Shor coe te aciortal er daberteconmeson across a comparaivey'on resi {ance or impadancebutwaen yo o ore pols 0a ere which Ue Reve cle. ing vote, 26. pero) compart of enor cout curate tan value betwen Ce ut ‘dona ope curve fs dor ect erent ecajing tom ont val 1 9 out shortcut cwrent,’ me maximum posse ania vee ow ospeo- tio hor art cao ‘Syrmeticalshorsotcut breokng curently: We ims, vaso he syria, ‘amponent ofa prospetivesnarccutcrant tensa of conte! separation by {ho Wat phase ta cea ofa aching Seve, ‘Staaty-stte shortcut carer he rma. value of ho syritical ac. component of S proapece shortcut erent aritng ater at vans penarona hav ce Susy {indeoonces) Vokage source: n active claret which ca be sisted by a Heat ‘vote sours in sie wit a passive lemon ndependerty of Garant A oI tags inthe notre Minar tine dayton of ceutbreakor the shortet possible tine kom come ‘cement ot eho reat rer nthe Rist cortacseepaai none pole of | svtching coves {84.2 Symmutice! components of seymmetricltree-phene systems se hese naborksytmetealy. Al tree conducors are ry ne tame ms shor ereukcurort. Calon nse tere- eons ie cnans onthe eta enya ara oro vetgeg Son evn ap th sajna pon 0 8 yoevtical ‘a sta produced by an asymmetrical leading 4 lao jt te cure ote by an abe Velkandtjonbe ctsmined wine aa be emetic conponess pose ‘Mave: and rouse sys) “Teoma earpenerm canbe find wah he i of compo eden or by “The above forma fr the symetica cemporants ago provide riornaon for ‘Feshien olen the cvrent vet eaing Wo cares in tba eerance ceca is «coal “Tre ealetaon of shortcut curse alwaye bated on th assumption of «dead | anerarout Omer intuenose,eapecaly ac resesances, cont eit, condo. ion fat roe surer vectors Uy and (3) ks vee Une te eco [ginth reorencacancor Ire neutral conductor is unatlectea, thee en zero-sequenc system, 3.2 Funder Petepstieiattteivane canst ot een cca ots Ws recency rowers which ‘The soe cour cura fretu an sternsing-evrent component Fig. ont Cure cf shor-eut: a) neato-genear fi 6 aster goneratar fa |; intel symmetric short carer Ip posi short fet en. I tox sate shorecret ourent Aina value of cc! cwrert 1 upper eneios, 2 Tower env. lope, 9 cecaying cect cure. 7Otte MVR ester ume uti Dinersioneautions EC 00 Formule or caiclting inti shor-evet erent an shot powers ott a Teowse Caleaton of pant sare erent, ‘wt cleulting the poak shores curan sequel fut ae regard, Trove phase short cleus ealed as hei the shot exo osu a Tee ncueioresnularanialy We nave! + a a “Te factor take ila account the decay hed. comport Itean be calculated Et to% 4 aaa hy = 1008 *Tevaerzel hy s eae WBUstts s trustonraron is lgtvatage side, owing f the verso alo Fix The same sepleeonebwora win & Nh faut eowwe Washo crest eccraaer roaster ‘Two phase cart or aPos | Pa ot Fotor OBR Bea Cate aton of taecy stata shetchet eure ‘Three pace ou with angie suey fede ror ‘synchronous machine ‘Tivo phase fuk wth ange supp rom more tan one ee ‘amrmevien! shortcut treaking curt of «pow le Ina aymatial short vei curant of rete Thancnane shed techy, Weve shan acest Fy Fo.o9 Factors 2 or satonspoe machines orl fA Lala and seule ayretvo- ous eaance X01 06 1020, —— Daa" Dy 2) S008 \ Una Uy 218 0) Serie Sb py stance Ago 2 1022. Byae = Ad 2) Sees 3 Ug Un 6.25 0) Satin? Ue UyFactor io cain tho syrmebica short crewt breaking curent ae ahneton ct 20 FeO Fly 24a oH Bey ee 00.8 2 BE * the shor erate oa by 8 umbe f independant vodege sources, testing cron may be aed “Te favor a apse t incon meio and aks acoouat of he rapid doo of he ict sher-creut curetoaing ote abaonce oan evan fle. team bo ken Faas Factor q tor cating the symmeticl shoccicut beating curent of icon motors ncn ote rae ta war pole Ba ado ening aly met, oroeieazse Taking account of vansters ‘Te ingedances o aqubmert nthe rghor a towe-voage nates have tobe caluiaed waht square of th ated entormer aod a a) Me nnvenen of motors Syrtrorous melors and synchronous conderente are vested o8 smctreroue generic Induction motors contrbu vise 10, as arin the case ota wo-phase shot revo ae wel ”‘To caleuat short ckeu cure el inauston motes wth ternal anon ateut troephase werphase inal yeti ‘horse cure Pea shor Syma shortcut beakeog curent Stoacy sats serch cent “The intuenoe of nauston moles eonnecte tothe ty nator byway of Wena mers canbe darogrded Few. 08 38n * WESe S 0a, Hae EP lho wum of rabngs ot high vohage and euch ow-votage moor a need ‘ode conscered, 225; lethe sum ote range of al aretomars foci hase metre ‘Siete mt fat power ofthe ntwork (whe thecartinutonrepesented by ‘he maton). ‘Tsimoty caetaton the aod ouren ofthe low-wage meer group ca be ken as ne ranstonercueng gn ihe uwsige ee, neva sytem Tat 98 Felaranoe vale for 24/2, and 24/25 CGaetsting shor-crot curents by the %/MVA stam ‘eevee ea, Ts assent aon fetes ha a0 25 ‘Shes beau De sora system vga at a note.‘Yran coleating mirimaen short-elt corents one has to. make the flowdog changes = Reduseavotage factors ~ The ra pty rab come 30 ao Yl ne inn sect 0 = Moros 6 tobe oragarcet (cs stonecs Fie nes mus bo daleioed orth contr tporatue ad tthe ther ho Pg contr teocase at 20°C) 004 G-20°O)"C1- Pap mohage ntvor Ai sufi to putt, = 80°. gpoagr op os 1 tata ie I Wy Me Fig. 98 vers wth cared neuro 5; ea shortcut cue ft ho fa locaton wah ssymmericat eat aus inne.3.3 Impedances of electrical equipment Ue, Rete votage of generator “Te topedances of sit eaupment aro gery sates by te manstacues The | ‘value quot here af forgudance on 3.4 System latoed ‘The elective impedance ofthe syste Ion, of wien ono kv onthe al sy. ‘metal aut power Sip ore ile syrmeical sroscheuk cave a t uneren | Pot, scaled a Ute 6a = Ste, 4 eae Hore Ug Nominal satan vote Bf. synnetical shor aut power ‘ip. nia synmetical shor ret cuent mice Xe VERB Ho ples ve is xn0an fr me aque sev eins As of tester ‘ond, oe can tg 0.1 Xo N= 08 Zy Te Tat onourtae can PS drepraed {rhe impedence rears low-votage sie of erase we nave Zo Ua A, 8g 1 Sig OR VEN OF 33.2 Bletleal machines ‘Syetronous gore with cect stom comectien For calculating shartcrol cron the postive and negative seqvanceingacenoss of genaatere ao tren se Zon = Ka°Za * KalRo POD ‘tte coreaton tor Ws Cams Kot Re en Yager 1, Nowrna system vetage ee “The tacos 005,007 and 0.15 so take coo ofthe decay of te eymmetizst son crest curest dug bw frat hal-eyes. ‘ide vais for oneanoes ar shown Table 38. | rpoa6 Zo =Flq+ Xe elective impedance of system infest for shot-cicutteutenteals | Pracaneos of syrtvoneus mashes eater “Trbogeneralos Salen: polo generators ‘Generate pe wigomser satu damper ira ecg 12.008 20.408 20.A5 20.40 0..180 20.800 10.28 3.80 5.20 5.28Generators and unconnected ronstamors of power plat units — , heel “Te shor ecctnoe 2, of malon metrical Kem ao Fame = Kaze gienemnce zu tts erin tr | ae ets Ka lt ee aR 10 Notrsaring either vale of te highest carer he mote rahe worm ye no rr tc ond volgen aa regan St Soo = Keeton : frais hve aeeyod, wi the eoneeten acer ie Baindtage crater 0 * Gr In Ratadcurertofmeior ower tm V8" U evs Su Apne aso Zee Coected inpadancus of gonoters (6) and un concactad vanlornrs (eh powe plant units Ze Impedance of generator £389 TWanetormers anc restore Eno Inpodancoctunt warner rfomectolowvatage side + penser | raoeasry, the impedances ae comvristo he highotage ei wth he feious | Tle 7 ‘tarstormaton alo c= Univ, “Typical vaues of mpadance votage drop of ee phase Wantomers Find pray Power plontunte a Forth impegences. use | oni Zan = Kew 45 Zed ee tthe erection fair Keon = Ula Uhr Sm 8 Ui Tha TO MRS | Teneo “Typia vats for ob vetage drop yf hoo pas ransformars | | ve: | Zor Cora inate per arnt tad ions | Zo Impedance of genorator | rag Impacarice of unit transformer retered to high-voltage aids: | Up. Rial sem tne Leverage tore 1 teresreaece kare ty Raed tagcat ! Theale sree poner ae ao vl sycvorous nas ae ‘chtonous candensers, | os‘ath treo-wirding Naren the pottiv sequoncs impodaneat for tho coves, | TabI@GS pancing rated ouput eapactiasvelowed to vlage Ur ate! | Neneh rset | ae RRA AAS An.A AR Treetrbere OTE BIO B10 Fivetmb coo 1 ! geingoghase farctennor . . ‘aun hooper line when zrovolage anne 1 hon zero tage apie e lower wig (ae2 Fig, For lowcage vanstommers a6 can Ure. connettion Dy Ray Xen O85 Xp Connection DE YE Fay~@ Coren ¥y"| fa. 310 shows cranes fo meosung be eo soqnce MPSA OTe | Cyrammirg ete busUy Xo" Tae VST, = 3 | we su pra eag desta “@ 0 Rawson Ie “] Sees Sp Troughputcapacty of renctor ‘Standard vue or te rated vaage hop Fo.810 Measurement ofthe zo-saquence npedances of varstuness lor purposes of shat. ‘ereut curor cateutaion: a} connection Ye. 2 cannecten V2 86 eoThe eetverosisarce on postive net ad Furme s enlosavon aa vonin Sactons is negigily sel. The teactanoas are of ema aarosaquoree eyes, 334 Three phase overnecd ines ‘To ual eg.halentcscut a an vere é for nator clouton purposes ine ‘ewoat wich goreray nudes eustanes,ndueace ant 3 : a, Rakertoneee . ee Se econarnterundsinintns cr steed, “ * Pa 849 ty, Bite present | eprint wnat: to De |Fig, 214 and 9-15 show the gestimrsasuarce (and also nepetve sequence) anne ladanoes of tree-phese oFetheat nes. CCoeiaton of evo-seqnce Impedance “The otowing fori eney: ‘Singloeteutine wise oor wra ‘Singlocreut tne wan earh wie Cue-steut tne wihout ah wie Dowel ine wah earth re ot the zero-sequence resistance ans sarosequoree teacance ius inte form Tao ws have 2axosequnnen eitance ‘minum see wens. dmagn goers astanco betwoon a3 He # —_ wo Fe. 3.18 Reactaco X; (postiv-saquanes of hoe phase ransmision ines wn alumina” Deer sas fWonad” cantguion, = 50 Me Gelovated for & moan georete Be ednoen the foo condos of 058 Sar, at 129 KV: dx $m O12 KV guom arag0nV:d= 8400 Earle aporaton wah one yston D denotes aperaten wth Wo systems: # sng are, 2nvomto bund #= 04m, 9 fournve burs = 047% ‘ane 9.10 ‘cor euront pantation 34 elton to spene esancep att = BOK Een cnarpaeiien ee Natrectaat Ain Cy Poin Gta, prcin Gree re tev Senora anor Soe = Wage Sry Wa Wt ge By tnd ence” ne ys Sree! gourd Saree ee eo OH red im 200 200100 os 2 “The ear cuter panovaton 8 dancts ihe dep tw {anos auch het fc! ho eam a8 Ua of tho cen i | 2th Sos socon: Aeteronce vluesaoording © CITT, DIN VDE 028, 0°44.‘Compared win te singl-ctcur ine wnt ean ire. the douse ei ine wtbot Fora covel-ccul ne wth earth wien (I, S18) account must obo taka ot 1-Atomatg impedance fhe hops concur and oat waists = Becjoftn’, = masts Zur Borioftnd, aye tayaiy ena = As Be ojo earner © Tower confuraton: Doubt Boe Wen tao eth res, system a ard ~_ \Vatus of th ro RU otesive reliance fd resistence) ar roughy between VS.and ter teal Soh wee, bi Fon 1.5 191.0 or well cordueing eat wr of ist B20 Cu et foo ears we one can tke an st “The operating eapsctancas C, of ighwotage Pres of 110 KY to 380 XV tis win a ange of 9100 14-109 Fen, Tha vas ae higher Fr tighe vonage. “The erty wes mut 86 taken Ino account whan caicuiing the cansucer/eth apactance The fling valas aro gucancs ony: Flat towee Ce= (08..07):Cy ‘Donau'tower, yx @5..085)-C, “Tee higher vue of Cs re for re wth earth wre, the ower values for meee wou. canna “The vik fC fr dour ness owar han fr snglectut ies.Toes Fefeonce vals frie mpedences of hroe-phase vemos ies: Dona” tour, ons sar We, conducer A/S 240/40, specs sath resitanee p = 1000 F= 80 ee Cpwation wih ene system Operation wi two systems Inpedance ‘votage 012+ }030 7 10 ww aaskv tse 165 A/SI24080 006+ j090 asi aie unde aow 028s j199 as 038 «40a 009+ 0.28 se 2a0re0 os ‘Se unde ~ 93.8 Threesphasecabies . “Tre anuivalet agra of abla can ato be reposortad by Tolmer, te save tiny ao ovrraad res (i, 2-1), Oving the saver specings the edcanoes are “role, bl ho cpactanees are botwoen ona ard two ordre goa han wh over Ioan ‘en calving shortcretcurante he postive soqueice apeutingcapaiance ‘dsrogardad, Toe soniucoearh caactance bused nthe zee phesb-sequence Suen Catcutton of posite and negative phase-soqusnce krpederce ‘The nc. essence of cables somposed of o de. resistance (Rand fe com poranie do to sin efec and roxy afoot The essere of ataicas cables (cable Seah, ema futher reseed by he heath and armour losses ‘Tho de. rasstanoo (Rat 20°C and = Conductor cos-eecton nen 29 Sy, 2 tor capo: a Sno m4, 2 forahminwm: A= SA in jum 8B, fer auiniiumaiey: AL = 32m ‘The supplomertary retanes of oxi with condictr cross sectons a es than {bron canbe darapada (see Soston Table 2)oa ~~ Tate 312 torso vale for supplementary rear 0 erent Kk of cab len. 1~80 He Tyree Garment Peres Tene 9.13 ef) 2) 3) gg) fag ss cr om scan, nc nic X Oooo tesla) a) al gage) Saar koe ere gre grew oe aan ans anm am e888] 3) gg] Bale of ze. oe he = = fel gpa) ogg) fale i RE te Se re oi ens ae gla] gg) gis ee se ke . 9x 150 0081 0.082 9.106 O$s| g) a) sal og |g ef suae oon tom guar g] 8) a8) 8/8 88 ae on oe ue ome Dt di} | §) ogg) a ig i Tigger na SRI aR OTTO HE] 5] 8] 28 Tee ne, cant enamemseet cic vf gl vb i Eee Ee a BD 7H i ir ilee Zac. yo EES Bool # Ai PERE = >t Hillel pl we Hee CUE tbe |e EES ane A all a i Ho EBain HEUIHUBERITE [poeeceTate 3-15 Tibi 3.17 ‘Ammoured Saye cables, Inductive roactarch Xi podeve phase seewrnce) pero Cables wth XLPE Insulation, Indiv reactance X; (stve phase season} per Gunoratf= 50H ‘onder at f= S02 Number ofcores ang U=72HV U=i2iv U=irskV Ua2aiy U=26R yo eee cenaioreceesetion X,° x Sim hen Blam Gtk lien hh oxo = = a 101 ous a ‘ace 0088 ose 88 ona ce 2er-sequence impedance on07 ts not possi to gv singe famula for caeuaing iho 210 sequence impedence ors loi Sea ro: esl pon anata etre saan ry 1 Tate aes aay SL ype aban wah lorraine oda ihe pape aac nana anf toned Lope Te Sn ed rs Tani .16 CCies wih XLPE bevinion, Indvtve rosctanes Xi (peiive phase nequence) per ‘adore 1 50 Ha, agua anangorent Uraier Yeseny yaTzshy Ua aay xX Bien Shim ihm hm hae 23 tie gvenin?g 32 or serce volagas rom 1210725 ® © ano Tac, Gx 0m cy Ge 0G" Ce Fo. 217 Pal capac re pee etic 9) Bete cote. 6) Stand Hypa cables, o) Sng coe cablehe Fa. 919 ancuctorearth capactanee Co sng coe, St. asa rear expaatnce Gx ot ie core, St and H ype cai 83 tron “Tha condutor/eah capactances of XLPE-neusied cles ne shou in Table 3:18 arde19. 100 Tabi 2-19 (Cale with XLPE insulation, conduct earth expaetonce Cpr contr T= ia ¢; ‘Noraar of anes and Hehe ‘3900 Busbers in eitehgeeriataotions | inthe cats aang cross-sections the resistarce cn be disregarded. “To spit eaeustion te val foto emmon busbar cross scons and candice lor spacings hes baer enlelied pot 1 mt of ie longi ans sham by tho cures of. 20. Thue, Neeetlt 101— cane: ‘Thvse-phaso busters 40 long, sac consucto?comraing Ives cope bats 80 x 101mm (A= 2400 rer, dstoncs D = 30 om, f= eg oa eve ae A 2a oh, ‘SO HE, Accords to he X= 37-107H/m- 3068 40m = 4650, “The busbar arargornent has 2 conse fence on ie inte reistnce ‘Tre ncuctace pe unt lang of @ vee phase ine wth concurs round ‘2dge end groupe in phase (Fi. 2:20 ae ig 1) lal igh ‘avi Inuaed i aiting i shor oul ane. Fa. 520 Indoetarce tof busbar of etangier cross-section 2.4 Examples ot cateutetion ‘cqanded, “Tha ratios fhe nominal syst volages ae taken a8 he ‘ofthe operating vellazes a ho Sma newor one wort wi syn Se, is assure hal anal ages evans Tei compart sens te seme an 2 nina ayatr:voage etal ressoctho locos, Caleuation's dons ter to i of e971 oto Exaoh = 7450041, +100 = Bae w/a, motor rp For tne leeson otto futtone ut determine the os roactarce ofthe nator. Ths Is dovo by slerby atop sytem ranetormation yl nee on one eecanoe athe terminals fhe equaer atage soutee ass tan he shor cre rescence. “To cotorine th oa rasctanoe of the oak athe fat cation one at ds he feaclanons ofthe 220 HV Raber and of wansfomer 1. The cur 0.1438 S/AVA oun 3, fe ‘To veactarce af th ganeratra then doneeted In esa! os tot Thi is done ‘oy lenning the auszeprance relirg fo sach rescance and acing the susceptances (Gourn es 8 and 4 “Tha sum of he susoeptances 16.1081 % /MVA ein corm 4 hoe roca gives th comeepending eacanco 0.0562 % NVA, eta ‘i ‘oma added the reac of wansoroer2 Te sun of0.94%2%/MVAsineatmn Sitne7, “Ta voatanen ofthe induction matt on of he aon mote group must Den be 15 pamile Driver ont” Sauonnage 050 Seaonctage teases att ri Gaery ot Terman ‘Greases possi eid facproating oer ‘Gum cbrmaroaon | reosset ‘Sonera detunes abies: general ot necessary4. Dimensioning of Switchgear Installations ‘raculonis vnc reabnto te aed sexes, These ae nd ence o compen te eoaon eres de he powerscqueey ering ago tnd sees ove aly bel ovewclagen. Tre pean Sen atreraaaton ove by he mai epg wolge oe spars Rua ovens oteing potty orourevbyaggcd Sgacedy conta ‘AA Overvtagee Ovaages ee general arin: votageutich ao greater an ei ‘ical arenes oprangvolge ec tome, ~ Overvolages oa be Krrited In amplRuce by mens cf lightning arresters or cther | moers of veroage protect, ‘Aecordng to thal eoure, a een ead beeen external vervanages, which [oct etmosphov igi, and htemal overages which test Kom fa 8 pers "on oft eyetom (utting overages. ire talectd Ne open end of ale, wh doubing her atage. ree orovtagss bisa! evenotages ois rms ofansient pharonana sich a phaseo-arh {eu aod erpese wuts and vat ov conn ane eosin toa ware. {Emre Tar empha pov the ate ete cvgcabare re we yatta the iteniog characteris ad alu he ayem orto Reoonance Sfetamens nn eer 0. lerorecen ance, an aio tat tera evervstogea 4.22 Means of eguelng evervoagee ‘overvtages can itd by a vat of sign eases andi arangorent of he ‘yavanna, The cern gossies or summarized nTabe 4, | reas | ‘overvatagee and measures of tntaton Gvorengng and monoures otuminey Typ0, “Areliade ———Owaten’ ensures litaton Te Arete en Oe Poweriequncy 1181015 tes seaaras ——_yolage rogue for gar- otage reer servee vorage (enors tp changer or ‘Pantone, stunt reactors ‘swiching end 1.81020 tines hafaraves_ meihostoeckout bea ‘srt faut pookvaliaat —ofmetwerk ar, postby win swtehing Greretages ——Senfcovelige aquoncy resisters, roedonce pragerosearh ot ‘pects po ear. ae soo tophase ‘ppredin cote, nepac anes ako ging areas Airosphe fen 190.12 miewseeonds arth wires, goed tower Srowchagee —sevorsTO00KV (1048) ear ighining roster, Measaraeagainat aceral vervotages ‘Overhand ines opera at easly igh votage con tage esters be preted Sparat deestgring sores by mean oF ne oer car wires stung ove tho 5 Rasa conductor, The oor wire rast arthed to each town. Teeved Back aah | Growth teclsance fhe tome eth auld be as ow a posse, Te earth was of ‘Srertand ines ust eld i the enone ara eannocted ee snien ear, ‘Ovorhend oe wth o ar vie the apps partly 0 macs votagn~ shout ‘tinnt be pretoatd oy ert les Sor 8 tran of 1402 kn tro esas, The ‘are oppose neta uncon, Fer is purpose te ls tower should Perma ot ‘Sec Too er wees ao recommended Fo improved Nghting poiecten ‘outdoor instalation, erting wires ode shoud be aranged ove tho who ta | Igdonin aoe ta fel eure alone donot prods adaqusta protection, se 80 ‘Sector 5 Measures agaist hier overage ‘tering deco. fuses ant sitar equipment must rtorupt the euetn a paces Sr torus ponsey witout texrrg.T reduce overvaags on oping. 68 Can cocur ino current chopped bore abr ett zor opening ease are ReSID 181 | (dive the mamom votajes to eleccal appara to wo asses | I “able 42 shows the stncarszed isan levels for voltages bow 52 WV. men | ect between Ins 1nd 2 account uct be taken of he nik of ghning rar | ‘singea, he method of neat warag and preset the care 3 the ower | vonage protectin. | Table an show he recommended asl for eripment uth maxirum tages shove 52m sa yotage dss praton win ese 1 sing oven cn be ‘en! Eurean sandoaton 98! Jase 995, ~~ soe Taba 42 ‘Standardize neler evel for vokage range: KV Uy € SPRY ‘Starerizod inslon eel for valage wage I: 52K Uy = 248 KV J gearing moti a ie ean wan ei on ole iaxarur vote aod power requancy — Raied tht pase forspparoe ‘ethane vatag® ‘wihaand votage Un moves) Gr ts vabe Ua toankvaie) ww 2 = 2 ms ry es e (135) 230 8 881 ‘Se0 Fae: mare han one naan loveliest th Highest vais tobe selected or ‘ear taTacter> 13) 85)85) 8 (5 88|83 ‘vee earphone at tux which can to seigned to law valve a the rated switching imps wh: ‘Sand valage mus be tected aps steing ovrtages by means ot gh!.ng posed Fr erocnced by thw popories of he svcunding a (a deny. mci content, 2), ‘yn inerensing eit abave son eve ne dena of ib ak, anc hance ato ta lloe- Itc acon arises, Ta tack must be ken te accours whan deigning he ns IWion ef equipment and cetrmining miners eacings Iv ination us of ‘ver 1000 m above moan tea evel, Mote 2: Hovng our ne ahd cde the nominal voage of th nar {Qocaton by ts Yaka Toe ress te now inal vag wich Stories the ‘hows of he equipment be stad. « a Foet Curve fer detrmhing atte Ihalor em raion matinde 84a ie xamaie ‘Aiud of He 2000 ade factor re oe gran X= 08 mpuee vege Ug = ASO RY ime powor-srequeny vate Un = 105 KY | "7Yl angh mii and maxi ated snore current ceraty She cru zation Shorten ran, we ao reccno: aon oft cart ec ees ane OE. wagner prey cout ewer. ‘noe stegea The cad unt EC sin npeaed be snare ae 8resive o fons abateas on the moare of hing. For this rason busbas ust be oeranednovoy fr the eparating ce, but also or ha maxim respecte sheet. Cred curera Te aneptedsretes on he busbar an hw upoors he event ‘Fa ser oncul must eveor be calculated casa naectteqaon Fw aaiyider | elon}. sg can be clotted we FO (020/81 4m hb [wenn 7, Fo 47 ag of tanioned wre comectons for spans up fo 10 m wan conductor or Doraure + 60°C:©) Fractro ofan inaulstor in a double dead and string For salty reasons ine wa somectons i ewthing stators re teed wih dota “The mas sg for y = Or can bo obtained v2 cones Be gmginer aa try aoproniaxely Yom te canes of Bes 5 ts ee * 1D) Sgt earth wires | 4, saginm Sm Cnn “Wire connections to equipment In outdoor sutcing stone the curenteaiying comeclos to he Nigbiage ‘rose oe eneckta nia vas, Forshot cred ating res Secion 42. ‘ag and conduc anion ean 86 eels wih the females narmaly used in a ‘sig of overhead ne. The agate me of ebay calculated by ea he arabola eauation = Pate Raa 1 Lang of span in ‘ny Welght of conduccr pe unk lng a kg 3 Candueereroseeecton men F, lelendin Wm, scooting i ON VDE C210 ‘Values or ON wr conductors, se Secon 19.14, Tables 19-22 to 13-28, Henson tenlon a Nt ) Teneton a wir conductors ‘The tonsion rogue for akirum wires of 240, 200,400,600, 62 ard 800 ment ‘roaceacon comeapending (oon accapable sg ef 0.5 mat eonduaromperre ‘80°C canbe read trom the curoe of ie, #19 and 4-20. Aran ast be pal {o te cirran tarmina pul the squpment ‘an apperaus can witand whan eek . aoe Paai0 Ina tensions a, fr suspended con: Contre at 8°C and noma ce ad 1 en AI 240 mi 2 Wie A 400 en 3A 62 me. 420 Ima tensions 0 for suspanded con Arco aI~8 °C sd narmat ice ead “4 ¥%t6 A600 aunt: 5 We Al 500 ra (BA1 B00 maw Seaton modus (or tes W = 0.0980" ~ A/D), se Table 1-22 : Detecton om, between vo neighbouring suppor ‘Waght ote per ong (teu dna ac) kg/m a ‘Gastyconsart 8.81 mst ih Factor (bee ab0 4-11) Table 4st Fectors for eluting datection of uber buebare Nasa af suppor 7 * Frslyevpgartd at bah nds 7 0928 ‘One end fees, one Hoey supported 13s oes Bam enae fee oe ‘ese “Three spor pots es ase Four expoor pies 6 on ‘More tan or supp pols 130 on erg ON VOE 01 te za aban cto crm ‘eee On OE ev edo a cn, Snd 12a drat btewtshy ote Tanon games dtacion tates ol a © evi rae a Pace noc a Vs, ora tate pariere ba so nna put va as ua od wa i bel a Bement en fhe amped ate ince satan eamee: . ‘Assured i en minim ube ct EAAMGSIO 5 F 22a in Tbl 12-10, Seton 12.4.2, ‘eth cuto diameter 9 en, wal DOSS S rr, span lengh 8 m, Keely soppoted louteting the deflection and stresses of tubular conductors: | the deeston fan ose loading of bua conductors eto alr un | Te ctosions pL BON PAO 25m FTE Ca BaP ‘The sess: "025 280"V-e000n | yg H | 0S nam at || otecon ana sess ae accent v8 “7433 Caleuaton of surface voltage gradtente “Teo appearance of corona a the suface of overhead tows ses sat eat Int equatore: E Sula votage gractot Helgi of conditor above ground 1 Nurser of subeoners fa burt Lower tunbas na 420 KY hye wth A/S A SE0/50 a8 Fg. 2 Stisvant aamwwtteun aro garad sams wow.) wet en 44 Dimensloning for continuous current rating “The nea ue to loetes em lactic! appt contained in cubes is speed ‘Te sounding a Ta ovoue tet eu sever cortinues to funcen creche peste tonporahte mise the cle Ms CB excoeded. “Tha VOE speiontons dt the flowing trporaurs fr olaccel appre: = wth open ntraora the aren temperate sho tameeratue of fhe surrounds Ing indoor ar (oom lonperatre = in enclosed iratabtons te amblet temperate he temperate ise Ye om ‘Conure (nis at trparture 6). |= nm perature ie the dfrancebetwcen ined a temperature (0) and room ‘temperate (Ch -e host souoas abe the cubes nude paler the cen pains athe man Tres Thece comprise to sroutreaker an fuses, ncudea Me ierconectors ‘Sa port of contac and aio al the aunery davies cotine ne cuble, Inectve soueas chet such a edey cures sal sutra compare. ve (Ee onto ealy lined heetng, They ca goeraly be Sarogaried wih currents of (ean thn 2560 “Tha powerloases tom electri equprant can be found nth respective datasheets, ‘th tty ercosed exon (rotecon cases IP 0 and vowars) te hoa ven Hib te dase neney by radiation ard eemal convection, Te removal of he Dy eancoeon a negli smal ‘Exparimert hes shown tha the nade trperaire tautn a dopendet on cui fowl ond the way the aqupmant is aranged. ving to erences in censty ote antes wt tmpercur eon bw uppe’ pert ofthe cide, ‘Optimum heat removal an be cbse ory# he arava wi eae hgh power (Cenan neato tr lowar por ofthe Gu oo tal the heat apes Tore a8 truth as pombe of eetonrs. ‘yon bios stood ageing awa a gap oo 0.m shaud Ree botwoen a (iu cube The back of te ole thn takes an azve pat rerun ne hee Tha romoe at wagon canteens arty er Poe AO aay 30 Temperate és of a ride tee Fem Powerless wit alowazce fr load tector asin DIN VDE 0960 Pert 500 Talo, reoasee . Ay. Hest-dspating surece area of evbice2 Heat tanstecooient: 8Wi/imt-K) hoot sources maby newer hat of eile Int onioure nas foes, a wih P20 for exer, rot ce hae cisperead byeorvesten, ‘The ranetr ot nat rom tho a cid the etic the aurounng ait then much ‘ore effective than wi tly encased corel Wis wuenceg By = Hocibee ace = Berelatorship ont and cute openings tothe nal hesisipatng sta ae = be peeton of int ans ours ~ the tibutin of hes soures win te obi, ad = tho tempore ditrence, Roughly epaaking. ne can expect he rsa sr temperature tobe 0.5 160.7 moe he ‘alos obiained to th equation ave, JC and VDE epecfoaons spat a maximum room temperate ot = 49°C and ‘inom temperature of—5 °C. ‘Te unrated wae o ictal apparatus beyond thse ke cannot be taken for ranted. Unaceataty high operates curoudng te oavcment kre oars te or toad, For arcs the Al ondous curren canal aye Bo tly poted bocavee win aroom frigate of + 40°C here's ho adecum margin oe goer temperature mse he cubicle. ‘One must work onthe basis the the uprertenporaures sed in DIY VOE 0680 Par $00 Table If ere oto be exceeded he eaulpmant isto pair patel example ‘A switchgear bil to protecton cas IP 88 contains 12 abssssmbls. Each sb ‘asombly wth fos, area conacors and thal ovrcurant relay 1 mor ‘conelpaposes, Heat sures ao uforiy spread over te cists Reg Power loss P, = 45 per evbacsarby ‘mbit tmpertura of not are than S5°C. Room temgarture 9 35°C, 180 ho olecticl equipments exposastoan 45 = 1044. or tuner dette on determining ard aseectng he Yptcaia se In switchgear ‘ubioer, soe DN VOE 0860 Pas 500 Append. 442 Vontation &t wuttngear and tooms contanng euitehgear assonesct chet ganar n stesso tat oer het {cuisnteanae ney mtb powders whch np ut oon (nome esrordrg ors Fate velo muh sre Bias che chon ‘emt vandton sangeet sue wh col a paso sow {°C irs tas teetonpuenres are ho tehods beret ate ott ga “The same resus ean be acioved by mauring the eqpment on a fie for (Fg zag Atoved ut arangorant win an rercoolr alo sme total. Even {his cove, however tis advanbe oleae exheun duets, because Me he coolers can ‘nat tom the maximum poscble O(n. 4220. nga ow raze ok paren) ans or feet of ae ‘Aa femporane of 0 *C and an antudo wih a proteus of 1013 tr aoa lov ‘aeooideg 1 TH 115 = 1200? 7 1004 WI = 277A Ks 2.708: s0-+WA: KY For elsbiealwament Ris uti fo ake # perature of 35°C and an ante of ‘000m. tn cd ta extent the changed fuoneing factors, 28 «rst aarcxmaton the cook Inga leconedored ae ancoal gas, e. BY me con oean 1611 fornurator beret atado HH? oy yoy The orm ae Tr =p, YO Kona = 87 18 UWP = Kg gt gud cooing ow eee Kw aoe Pe a Pe as00 = KeaKauey. Pos Pes a500 Be Bee aS MES = 00 55 Ckuttio of cong a ow rates wn snp rom vinon Requtedecoing art: @ = x» Pe (On Ou) +- Be exam: Bq = 40°C, Oy = 98°C: Intnl om votome = 14000 92m, kW = 21000 mn a= 35ye * 7000 ‘nen te honed sr erated 201 Taaoo nim * 75K 2 = s500.8-K . S04 Tin” WO=38)K “The example shows ta wih igh ecg alremperatures ki trays worth exractng the heed ar above a evict, as 5a 3 oor venta: 12) Sole ventlaton, 2) Venellon wih axe hood avert cubis, Vntaton ‘Pa taie foo, Vanttton wit iarcoior {442 Vontiation of transformer cote transfers irtndet or atl cock ae instal noes, «gn cl, stile. ted above ond below the varforer 40a 189For trantormae cf norms! eonructon one oan assur fo in a trperatr of 3.3.= 12K"), nheh is ogden oan at Cvoughpet oo 5 mien oe el hat loesee Te ao of het fo s gover by te Heo of hea opening, ho HOG ‘he minus sha and resistances inne pa. si paths garry: 5 ard seceleraton coefiiens the et du! Fy Roe eance end ‘casero coeticietan te exhaust uct m Rate of Mel duct cosssesion A, ‘xtaust dct cree secton A, Conon used rangorrnis are aroun Fig. 438, “The lta asitance s made up ct componans. The folowing values can be Utd fot ‘te eepecve rstance ang acalraoncooTclets: 1 Figh-angied avon is owraed bow ' Elbow of 38° oe Grass crangectavecion 0.08. ‘we ge Ost ote 23.35 Diverse coae-ecton 025.008 Fig. 428 ‘Secon trough wanstxmer cots: 1) Aine at round ove a exvactd i hat.) Asa) two shat.) Art slow ground A otacted trough an opening ine wal) Tarstrmer bay wh fin Ay sabinahearea Ay =airechaus! area Hat helt tf, 2 exhaust Toes, 3 at re orlores. 4 = Srings, © = dame pit, 2 otaneraioes wot moses Dat sae detec vata 156 a Forthe cote shown in Fig. 4-248, weave at te on Bromoorencion 258 rato engeoaresion * Ry = 20 1 erat a asetraton ' tgearged even is Sore 3 ear’ trie raul cute made 10% lager han the nt dt then Trewern nr nb in wt a tear 108 28 sma, seer enatre th BOK H hm Bnd xa ‘ransformerlosaes Py = 101W, 40 = 12K A © 7.SandH = Smohes us Ayn te ‘Sxpecance as showa hat he vertatin cess aecora can be smart he ans- qormer trot permanent under ules, te bay face north ox oo favour by fer fodore A sip atest ft hea loses ts alo leaped Dough f= walls or exac cain, 208 DIN A703. For he consucton of tersfoner stone an ‘rovetve fre protection, see Sections 651.867 ‘Forced ow vention of tanstomer ces natural venation ot acequs, rhe raquie Now area woul bo large or he Salton nigh a fan must be proved. THs must be aperenete for he requred tow fenety at OO"C t= AL g/m ad “Tw lan rut provid net nl tha stat esse nested o overcome resistances tho airbah bt dl te mani or Gachrge presse. State and djramic OSS ‘ogather amount 6020-4 bar 155“The pomarto ve tho an i then 228. eG Example 2 he drounstance are asin example I, butow oy If ooniane waretomer +800 KYA wth ose 20 MA th reeutes i ow ate baer = 642 com @ = 64 2 = comin 4.44 Temperature rise n enclosed busbare Busbare in mesurn and low-atogeswtehgeatistalations ar ota contained fn trunking or ducts, ThoytnereoreexDoTenc arent thermal cons 0 axpoRed ‘user arengamenis tion 13.1.2, Bosause many factors inuence the empeetire ot poston ot bv In dt, el of du, versa) the erento ‘cluad speraaly ts esc contrat, ‘The thermel network mati has proved usell fe Wie caclaton Pi. 426b, “The heal fows arise a arent of power oss, Sybols use: oapacty hese ot rat ond thar vsiatnces fr ada: 1 Poe ay Ay 88 orig nL ‘ercanveton: ‘ Pew rhe 5 8 OFFg = ‘or the craig ener: 1 a ony Pon cy DAD OR © oe For furor deta, 800 Seton 1.2.8. For clas en tb hating of heavy curent nubs soo Secon 92 Fig. 428 Temperature ris of erlosed busbar: a) hae! fons 2 that netvrk 44.5 Temperature Haein ineuteted conductor: Conductors fara acitance to lois eure flow, esting nat oses, Tha tom Foren eoreneter estan iowvee pave en grt neotat e Meera g 40 neveswasice Pas ao U- A bsdassetod tote auroundngs, vonecntentron a famse BEG) 18740 = Conductor temperature rise | Iga conductor of 1.5 mm Cu in a three-phase motor (Fay = 8 Jay) Suitably PrO- ae Spoute heat fege Wc hg cope + teeted by the motor protection switch againet everioading if the ratoe jaens'? f: Geese 5 7 Some er ec Guronearymacapst enor 08 2 Beet ethate its iia tee A 1 Serer ce & 1 Sen Soe te ‘ho fing lt ana ty corto vn al por? ae See es shox cea antn does eto pest tien eu Soeetocsee See ay pes tore dab nae E8 (2) SES renal "au la): “Awre of 2.5 mm? Cu takos 6.2 s to reach the temperature fini ‘Saiving he sfereil equation yaa ho tomperatre se a8 a fnction Fie: AO nag 0-85. 4448 Elongation ot butbars changes o temperate during eperaton cause te lang cf busbes to inewase OF oemafa oa usber 10 ong and atamportire cores 50K art: asmn, Gumnun: AL : stemn, . ‘ich temperatures changes in ength can exer condderese mechercal sas ‘care PVG enppercondubrs 0” eas Speced out slong 8 wal have the fom Scebathe tondutors ha suppers and con ‘Tengiy conde rane Gar ve ee pa 195 ws hove the flowing rach. pers and conneeson pots gy A158 28 4 1021802) Thofoeatapplag can Be calcite: enanga otra ous o orp Teo7 49 18 8 8 1% 2 % mn {ure (D0) = 4 Ble peal change ong cased by @echanial oreo e ho temperate nas become sab FA Hee: (sc Th ting erasures for conductors unde: como. oa a 1b Length ofconducoratmperatire when Ii 2 2.0 Temperatura cterence Mechanica co A. Condctrerxssetion ‘Under shortceeut condos the OIN VDE speetntone port hire: ming ten 4 oornaertatmrear nemna excanson or Or = 08000171 fora o0eo2s K" Inwhich a conductor hesity fondest, = a: hects upto 1 Yaung’s mocks tor Cu = 110000 Nin for Al » 5 000 Nr From ie above aquaten the mechanical aves ia ound ob: Fea Aad45 Minimum clesrances, protective barlerclesrances and widths of gangways Up RX] Maximum votage for appari Fort betwoen $V and < 200K teererlon i the aed gining impue witstand ‘Uy TR) Nomina woRge veusge, CL i Rsigig pt nee seca on oe Teel tee 2 im orl SE ome ms mm > 500 mo 0 1 soo 950 3.400 via a0 30 70 sso 1860 3050, 101350 a0 25, 2200 1850 4500 2200 1880 0 32 240 | 470 200 eo 20 200 0 Sa0 2 00 cS io gaan 00145.2 Gangwey wlan n power nstalatons with rted voltages up to 1 KV" Specteatons for he arargamant of swtchgoarinsataone ‘Toae apply both to fectoy-essonbed switchgear and ewtctboors ard to tase | lc ae nat foley assem. Operaing and sonce ganguaye Switchgear and schbogrds must be 40 ariangod nd located tha he with and Den sine gue ort ane eras dr nF £90 Aho ne te be reached uae ‘Cpernng and sevice gangways of mor han 20" in agih must be aes om both ends, Acoas rom boh ere eteconmerded for sora gangwaye of mee an ‘Seninlngth. Exte muntbe aranged athe! re escapee Hom aYosm Mace ‘rlocked etl prea 8 nat tnger wan 30. 4 atrool F983 rool FHB= — lrool~ -lsco— loool- -lr0al— For grototon dlassot 90 Secon 87 “Tne wie of gangvays passing by ow and igh-otage oaupm en, aarged tone ‘rosin the same oom are gon WIN VOE O10! fae Seton 85.2). Protective clearances to IN VDE 0860 Removable pars intended i> peewee contact with te componeris must be removals oy win ha ae of tcl Foy. 168 ‘46 Civil construction requirements For constusing switch ors he chil engnaoring consvtartreques & esa rate ar ator eet age. Te wy ei at al ; a 3 ‘ H i ase484 Indoor Inatalations ‘won placing butsings and roms fot eachical exuipmant ace mit be eke a rotonl the operatonalequomant rs ead, bt ana Wathe teletod fore a {eo trom groundwater end fencing nay arcees or operation, arepet a8 We Aging serdees. Al appcabvo bug regulations must cbse, ogee wih ‘oo t goes batang pracos, ts, cotings an oor mst be dy: ing for uid, tam and combust gases shouldbe avolded in, over and under rea crtaring swinger’ necessary Sur ‘ual mages must be akon prec te elect equa. {ats st belated so thal the escape ou fam th talon rt anger han 40m Aninstafeton mora an 0 lon MUSERave 49 ens, of rich orm canbe at emergency ent “Th ned surfoos on walls ofthe swear tbng shou be smooth a pee ‘info provant ust deposts. The bisore mist be rndared, eae ne cog ‘hal ne extent ert endangered by fatng pastor ‘The or surace must be easy to oen, resuteesistant pomp and wear esiunt (6.9. soneware tes, plac Roaring, covorte Nr wir wear reat potetve ea Ingo prevent aux formaton): attention myst be pt Roo acge when tang ‘sdpmertin and ot ‘Stops o shonin er curecs In ewtengsar roms must be avoid unde al an ‘noes. Won must be 20 arranged that nay car be opened and closed wiht personne! caring dangerous 2ase ry ive pat, Windows in locked lactic! promis ust be sere egal! aces, Or ofthe falling measure is doomed to mst 18 req.rement ~ Pewindow hasan ous gle = the bortom edge the win tat 1m above the aoc0s8 ost the buldng fs urounded by a once at nae 1.8 m igh Veriton and pressure rot “Toe oom must be suey verted 0 prevent consenenton nerd 10 avo {croelon and redueed eeepage cistances de to high relate hurt and eon “donston fs adviabla to flow the fgues gon DIN VDE 0101 Yer anceps Inuonces in fooms gontanirg aatchgeas Ths fgures ated hate ae maximum relabve hum 95% (2Ate mean val = imum and rnin erblnt tempera averaged over 24 hue 25°C ae 75°C reepoctly. 170 SF nstasouons For erection and senicng surzoses tis advstbe extend he lenght bles for ‘5% siehgeer by one Bay and asi a ane having w eapacty stable fr the apvesteonpenerts, ‘9, nsaatons must aso incu provision for lesa nthe vont of enkage or ‘ole, according tthe Garman professionel ansooabon diaahect 69.1 pare. 42. reese tot ean tat connie rtnons cn wre anata ce ‘rei squpretoue Oop ws ra nn cased Seer Heer carte proved nati rere sone Fag sana mat bo Epa Peet vest oes Tome sl mento ‘acm rv hamaty ssf ptr erty of wna nia sow he: vento open {Salyers at poo oe eas at Se ~ peste ttt an in re eal 2 poop: = esto omens mat core coca axing essere baying of abies ‘Cates canbe in he folowing way: Conds or shape cabo bck, covered cable dt (cable reschee), ete gaara ‘ret wr crowing aceses abl galore wih wating access, Conair cabo bricks ar used fr laying sng cates. They show ead wih fat tua he cutee to prevent wate damage. Spacal care must be aken nag thw obia, wih account aan of i epeepit Bong ra ‘Cover cable duct andod io conta a numberof cable, he wih ane depts ‘cable pare o duct with rong accoss most be a las 1.50 width head {oom rat tbe as ua .00 maken ne soeeur any cable coeaings, Atounnce ‘rust be made for mankolee, verlaten pos an he receasay openings fF nig Teeablen m— _ ~ ue an msm wn wating sexier ren ose rb Besides he sac ioaing they mua alo wiland he sresss cecargin cps, he eval ofa short ecu, srosees cue fo ompo'tuo and also “The feundtone ar at accrcng the swinger avout and ho stool ure ‘The undesic of th fourdtions must be 460 om fost Le. at «depth 0 — 1.2m. ‘Tre ourdalona must bo provided wh pene fr cart wie and ay cabo, 0. ‘Scengh calculations must comply wih th specious In DIN VOE C210 fr power lng emt Aces ond ‘The nau, constuction, sae and ruling of access roads ae ctermined by he tend iyo ~ er wansperingswichgoar upto about 125 XV reads 10 fl ony in parca ‘taneive instatations, andlor highor wages ae cesar) a! lua 25 mie ‘ahd able eay ne Reswen hipped compen ~ or ranspocing wanscrmer. atleast S m wie, ld capacity asco to on ‘tone, Thorac of bende runt be sab or up-c vas. 1 "When planing the roads account must be tken of cable conde. for eath wie or ebl in, wich pace unde he red ‘Tre neigh fv pars above eect ous i governed bythe helgt oh sipped Uunta(obe agreed sebvesn constr and opera} and te detancoe apectog BN'VOE 10s Pars Construction and dimansane must be adequate to any th Hewat Bam of equ ment capi renenes ‘Ourdcor eutcyards ave provided win covered Lenches for eabing. Ih entensve ‘etatanore wth aacandaryeytems of convanboal Gagne pe number ct oot ables ay oe su! wit wang seve an cable racks on one or bath eo. tnvowcl es othe cov db ses, aan veges share ere ‘det nthe ground end cover ‘nario th ear Inyout, eve Secton 1 ‘4.83 Inatalationsaubjet to spect! condone ‘Bectical nation abject to special conto inclu: = naan aro oovere by th provisions ofthe Garman Et-BauVO (oeledog provera eo presen, instaovors of encloses consirction outside locked lactic! promises, ~ owarsp@ and mason ocosod sbetations upto G0 KV ron wage, ~ ‘rotation in fo-nazars promis Inatalotons subjects apeca enation must so comply with he butag equ rant of Seaton 48.1. 464 Battery rooms “Th bling must ath folowing requement: “Te roms shoul be sid o provide easy ranscort access. They mast also 0 ee‘ehdraught ans eel recorded. ust salty atleast arctan aes IPx@ te DIN 40080, ‘on of warafrmer sions. ‘Te room dimensions rust tke nig account fomperatu ris, cle, sulin ited ranstamers rst nat be nated In arge bldg ues conan srt and aloielrequtrverte ae aati. Indo ana uta ansomere eit opel pleco eget at acessary wi adtlona ptectenagunl mote. hay weet sae for ate tice peed nar, wh ah wg aco of red Hw Spectre VOE 0000101 O18 a 94 mesa tho ‘enna cones teasing al aha pening mist be provided above an bow the tanstermers so hat te Peet e888 Gan bo removed. alural antlaon is nt sia, frcod flow venfaon est be Provided soe Doctan 4463, Fg. 424 Avert must be pad te folowing requirements when nti tantemer: = ‘oie ent for subsaquet transfor placementcane, CER Ot raps, water protection: ‘4.6.8 Praveontive fre protection stun dete a0 AG datasheet 24 on eta 89 ASI 2 “The possibilty of fire in switchgear and transformer stations cannot ba riled out. The ‘uy, ae sumps mus be roaed under varseers caning nsing | ge oc dane oh a peo dan, he fom of Coractn, he ere tmace ce tsteptetaguratte snc mes ponion They ust) Sa a cupran one Shun thle nung i earl esape Fo esl ; = vey app ane omc to Camecig cara nine gua ae eure be concise thei |r aa io sat Pete on pe arian cee SSaniguiomeatcounce Stumnintwaurp (xovde soln anpeveorsave | Sravarepatos, Be react ltl rin are caused y arcing faut, exons trae se to pv end supe rte ge encughs accord eny wa one an war | Sxtnet umm aug ae unas oes 0 Fetrechrg ond mesg ae wat sine wean ge inte ture mat be ated tov orn ates, amet he opcan bo prowdecvan pur. thowtenloctons oar of 09 anavin certorercotaing ies tnan icopit | Area ect of tre thai ars ON VDE 101 sone corecadone mae! pon Dy te wal? tibotyrespostie 9. 492 shoo protons arengsme of Fae “Totland taney tht An hcrtealy Be eaves al consutbe te. ‘is par nt foo rea Ws erovsgod In ih por a offre econ area. Guidance ‘German Associaton f Proper ewer (VES) Meosiros “Te folowing prtectve maneuas are employed. he main eeu alg on cablerooms, cable dicts and varwtomers: 1) Sareea cabo penetrations rough wals and clings, se Fg. 489 1) Sane at cabo oni ito ewiengesreubices cr bays a0 Fig. 4:04 ©} Frectardart coairg for exles 4) Foesitnt cladding of cabo route aed ack ‘9 Portion feat dus to erent smal fre compartments, see Fig 495, neta ston offs dampers a take and exhaust acs 9 Spier systems in bueings 1 Vertaton od smeke- extn fies 1) Fhe was er rastornes, 908 Fg. 4-98 Oi vaps for tanstoomes, se Secton 4.8.5, Fig 432 1) Sriaeysame or ranetormars, oo Fig. 4-97 (0 exingish escaped comune ‘neuen and colts 1 Fe sar ystems, se Secon 15.44 1 cables a wes ar akon tough walle ad exlngs of a potetod fr re ‘sane cling fog F 0, F 90), te panaations must be sented wih aperoved {abt pattlonrgsyetars to OWN 4102 Part 9 wich eof tothe fre resbtance ‘ag (9. #30, F 04a the stucturs component ‘7e band 90 Thwse canbe achieve by rewra of eorcosie alan 1 4990" ‘pproved cable dso: by vue a hs eletieal ines theres ett seate eros acts eon ence tbe + gta for waring an esing instutons to sting and reqtarooeupents + ate Yaing id othr forme of stan ving, excep nl rane ces + passangr eivatoreystoms wih evacuation sting = So manos for 1+ sytes tori water pose fr tacking purposse “+ vriiation sym for emaryeney swells an itr stro + shots and ratar rors of veto or tre brigade «sok nd et yen + tre ripe ovate ‘Excape routes soap route eacg othe open a rust bo proved in al insttations. Trey must be pretoved by frertardan ard tevrsart bulng atari. German raguations paca masini eng to ecape ees ot 401 oF 3,® {467 Ventation, cooling and air condoning of ewengearnaaiations ' oneal romans and seecon t 1 ‘hon costing muchgon hstaaion acountrastbe ian ol earl ace dot Hence er ow te equprent and ameiont endons focal eimai. n gers ‘isle et I ‘awe: | 2 Yemiaton ecuoment and sytame for euphing and rnowng ale, he Fra ence cha Fare etn wri : 228. onal equlpmect and syste for pure remaving heat, ef he penmited Sano on oes ne eae erm a. = ar condoning eqviomant ana sytome fr tating Indor 9 gota ioe Breath tober raed in aed orang ea! Gero, Pur 1 uy te) 280 Fig. 440 + ye HAG este ceqtes i proton can en rot bs grouped nis sel om “Arangomoct of fe wale tor | eer retin. ‘A vatmnar alton of he raged HVAC ystems canbe modo y coming e- | GBs lors era oacega rh the needs of hentai, S08 Tale 4-15. 4) pan vlow 6) sie vw 8 plat vats of ranatorior : ‘ngs and clerences fort Fo: hrtercatts on the verafon of swichgoa roms, pvt SF, Weiner ‘iang fre wate Fei Aecos for wersformers ond bao, ove Sections 442, 4.43, 4.81 are 464 4 a area) ao 1 Ppo wn doietrs, sic agra of 2 vetiton oto 9 | shored crupht venation, 0) ndvoed argh vention= Space hesing systems fr matengear instalation ar evant ony in oscunied trea They are anoet sways fn conknetion Ww wetiation ra conone, exten “The cee ing of HVAC eystomsisbased on th clean of their ood Crh eat alenooy, on = on = a oF Th nt + OP a + ay = Ales DWM? KD BT) = hoa generated by equipment and paple rere heaton) = heat arts ad dehuriecaln a atom oud (tara oat oad) moni done acerdares wih varus DIN, VOE and intraoral speck testes 0init an eae cts han soto om bbe: , ore + somo 1 lve: a evengonr room 8x 10%9e (buleng ete and conakvetin ew) toncras. 0 gmt 06 conn net? « rentwam dte tema tne oue reco Pananieatenny coe cae taceveee tn F Cet Setcow 1 tot nara ee sepa cee ein ated a er enwano mrot ana» Sean Ms wannoex eps = 92°0. Sete ee Seecgaernene 2 eo een csrg ar wt tse ato LE ee a ae tn ay ear toutceet wrasse cam ere cmc 4 remomnr eangoran aout Imre ih = Daina caltaton necessary 09. t0 VOI 2078 ‘Sane"¥ permanent occupation) ‘Fee nearing a meat b8 derided, For cauition we Umtng eater: en) — The 0c. syne is mahi rasezttirg. wth sore outer 18. {rat a evoke per preon 20 mh, Bah = €Ox 1.15% 29) ont» 200W ca) _— Trane. njtem enn 109% once, 2g.torintainnigherpo | {ie provear ne rom, Pasrans 2000 1.189 29)‘468 Dimensions for atipments Tbe 436 a ‘51.1. Peoteston against cret contact The danget of owning ier ve pts is parca ares hn suchoeanataone ‘because n locked etal preaes te equiprent doe not havo to Pave any ahoek {tcion OO er ecto can Drona mac onopong We cele scan 115 984 and DIN VDE 0100 Fat 0, pon apt dat ak Containers tr hier by land, sea ad a, genoa gues,A568 Dimenslons for shipments me 416 5 Protective Measures for Persons and Installations "8.1 Toueh protection n instattations up to 1000 Coane fr eigen by land, sea a a gone gues. Set, 0 &e con i se hm ee Ne)? hia Fo. 1 NS vot ‘rangle oan prtoive ores Ioromaigorkneang pears we" paatonatprtetion in cae of eect conae sno porns wa the sce frm fro ‘Selon inecondtons for peteaton sganst deci contac mut sso be salsa. 11.2 Protection Incase of inact contact Dangerve touch viages must be prevertad fom cocuring or persing in ho vent fe aut at tame), Thr wtos for oven vokages ae: sovac, wovas, Lower vats are requtedn cota applications ‘Aeortng wo DIN VOE 0160 Part 41.0 the measure for ens eta ow weitge “ne {onal ectetow votage wid and wi Gefnte sowen” (& 80V ac, s 120 dc) [a limtaion of charge erafg (= 380 ms) elit he reqlrerens fr pect pana et comac end oo neaseofndret conte. inthe cote of sfty entra ow okago, not nly must te wohage be genera saaly [fosuerranstomers pteniomter, 2), burlsocethe Ive ner ded pars ny Be ‘nh ron evrasow volage,exnhngis ca otidden Depensing en how he val WS redusea, m getnaon te mace beorecnfunclonal exratow vllage wih or | Seteutstinte slain, ato Fg. 58. ty u uy 3 re 3 SEE Hw Ste=P SS DE imi ras fase u i i Enunolrof igepreotarangenon!” Scares shock zon pas | i gureeeal mere Fraobed apts bst or tet | i a a [DIN VDE 0106 Part 100 applies to al switchgear Installations, including these in locked 4 J Se pe et atone ws soa Gono scertvacr ee errneby wo) 00" SH ay gutta vinoctee ctetowe SiSidchrres Noesionses, seston errs einaet witoa natal ‘Concaeslana ots standard do apoyo work on micas ‘hos Pan Is end ence rahe tothe replcorert ov hc. hse Fass | Prtecton by tnctonalntraiow votage nin Seu newt stations ere ususly opernod wt funcional exten YO {age. Te cove protection cae of ndract conic! the version wth eine oiaton [Saconmendod paicuarly f ront-esctons are smal borsuee unk the version ‘ou dou soaron trees no fuer mcagures (Hsconnecton), Howevet. do ‘he lelaben fom terior vallage must be asurodf¥oughou tho Greul by cho Ing sutate equips (ON VBE B108 Pan 107| | ye pretation by connection o: signaling, prlestve devices automate prevent the pessenem of dangers toue vegan event fous. Tis fo of proecon Prorcton by aconnoston sr elgaling reaues a ‘ctr wl kal concave pate nba ‘Adstonal exiotetl tong may be mncassary ft spoctod conditions for k- ‘Connoeton connate shined or apie nthe Sandan for spect nlalione, ‘e.g. roora sh ain or ahowors. The sddonal bonding mus exter oa expoaod ‘onducive pats which can be towshes sirutneous, potece conducts, oer ‘Conducts pas and concrete rerforceg wel (where posse Par Diterant naar contgwations 12) TEC eyte: nour and protec conductors combined b) TNS systom: nev {rd prtatve conductors separa) THOS sjtam: combnaton of erangeres and 1 Wie cotur revlon 2 We Clow Hight bed) Tryst: eT « ‘stem, 190 i a = Th |e Vee Gb Fe Ee SaiEtae. aU Table CCoerinaton of ratwak cotigtation and protective devions aro ary dob tho oectveness of headin! equptene bendrg must bo ‘demonatated wh the ald of ho formule: 4 ne z A Rasistance bawaen expos condctve pans and char conductive pats ‘nen canbe fouened emmutanocusly U, Aareadlint of pemieete usted ouch vage 4 Garena tect dv sonata wna soe © ne potectve devies used re: varasrert protective davces eanlinge fuses fo DIN VDE 0608 nes fr domeste ue art ema purpoes to IN VDE 6820 Patt Lino protectin swchos oO 880 ané ON VDE OB81 {Greusbreakere wo ON VDE 0660 Pas 101'n Wor T catwork ntl earthing restance ofall tina ears must be a ow possi so lf a ort fu acura seth ool other eoraitore eld, pa {ho TNnetwork Avetwat2 as cutiert, uctoea, the owing conten mat by ice, Fe Toa carting resistance fa uncon earns Fe —_ Assumed minimum earth corac restarce of extemal conductive pas ‘ot connec 0 a protectve concur and which es ge ses an art faa Ys Neminalvotage wth espe to ethas conducts Amro et of permasle surtaned touch votege ‘Ancte: way of preventing dangerous touch yotagos comme used n atchgee ‘oration atta! ela, Ths odeleved oy tng sutton 1 hs bane slon, or = Srergtening the basic Inevacon aly nated saeco be synbl DM dot ee heap mont to DIN YDE 0106 Part 1). ” {era om win ees msi rt became na pice conte terobanita Hoye doomed obo! Sarat Fpocacncone see Reet Sten ough a am of tay raed Sopra thy Pos oo SS Srewerati otters taro ot teen case Pk corre "olan vy nce ‘rao Pcn by oer nl ecard Sense’ oo eae scl eprionwchaveayote ancl secre ews fran nas faecal remot ote rears a auonentnte ocse esata up 220 Vn a slotty spear sessing ed vento porn a eseety rr tae SL cand sn ae (al nmoson&etmeerdesrsaegsone a wolgee of up o 1600 a. and 1800 V de. fr mst pipes WP iting logs, mata plbes fr protecting milbcore wies or cables mate wrongs or signe A ‘2s and wires, roxio he casis reno! ad into ground, Stel and seed eneete were, tence erry masix ard conductive mel prs conocido rece ‘Satton newer, ‘a rtecton aangements ao ied not niu exzogedcordbetve pa of sap ‘man! which ara so lenied tha! thoy ean ba gtaspes or cane socac ab ae human boas 192 {51.3 Protective conductor, PEN conductors and pote! equalisation sonduetort |The ratevact starr i DN VOE 0100 Pr £40. = nsulaied cr bare conductors the sare covering as ouside conductors andthe ‘eure condor, 9, pipes oleate unin, permaneriy ntabed sare rls coro ‘ro ovetnga, 9 shee. sreons and eonceteConsucos of ebl and = flop cca enone, 9. areal rng, tsar ant, Tenle 52 04 for Ceoss-oction eras fof potactve conductors can be selects rom ot bya sree up. 8 max, calculates wih th forma "8 Mur crse-seaten i mn, Foot mann aquare via oh a. aut ton A which can few hough Prapectecive vce inthe avert ofa dead shat eat, 1 1 Response tins in of taping dave, k{Gu prided 29 connection an joints in he corso ofthe concsntieconasctr ave | Alters PEN conduct: has been sitio protective and naura candice must ‘epaed, PN cords rue be nese are me Sp ange, notes ga ad tho nou cnt; must ree gabe. To FEN conde ‘cept wihin echgen stations, | Ter mut bs combed oe terial fhe potectve concur. Tobie 52 ‘The cross sctone for aqublentia bonding concuctrs can be ebteed fom Table to cross-sootns el pr‘scve conductors or aiterent coat econ Ng ‘core ere Fore cfc’ Cor- Wingy pga concurs ave Uso as protective ar PEN condor, these rust De ‘horted grea, oto rough har tngih Exceptions ita ae the Inuit concur 7 2 a ’ 3 + Geo enge-cere cable and sheatna woe, The ends of these must have debe Norns cros-soctions reeniyatow mange Equipcteet bong conductor can bo mata green/yetow. Gimenert petentarevank® pte ucuty nanan tera omer ‘cables with amt ‘aprstect ‘Creen yellow icentiiction must not be used fer concucters oer man hese stated le et om oe ee ee Tk - Srna Mewes : 4 i] od ot ee ! 7 i Ge Rian a Ro ere ene 8 ne en . Qeo 0 9 3 2 © 7 9 8 i ieee & £28 8 6 in Valen kina Vain? * owe ye : g ee og eg , 2ou BS Se ef = free 8 Ft s : : ava a ee : ae ee : utes eR . miees of g Tr ‘evoup 2: rotated prtetive conductors in cables or ws Group & Protect conductors fering tba shea or araouing of ebies or Wes 194 198,| 5.2. Protection egalnet contact in installations above 1000 V? ‘Matrieconticlent to bare conductors where tbe matoras of aighorutg cameo 9.2.4 Protetion against root contact nena re not endangered by ta ampeatue gen nth abe “fo provide protein egaet Set contact, raasures ust be then which seven {eosin coming dargerausy core Stony, rine whimper cr {oti telowing system comoorens: = te pte ‘Nol: Th ile terperatre 6, alo conducrle whan 8 90°. "Me tanosrs sod egy ony 2 pete cle con cog wet 8 Gye = conductor insulation of cables and wes fom the onde of which ie eondctive ‘ovaing han boon removed — terination pars and conductive covering tho ends of ingle-corecabos #dan- ‘gees touch vokagos are poseble + sulting bos tinction or cher equipment — windings of acca machines Conductor coes-taens for plea ecuaiston = corveriers, coma translomers and copactrs the enosues of which aro ar veltage et futoe operon sppacasin insulting enelosures ana wh sock pretecton A ‘Depending onthe osaon ofthe alec eupment — nian outside locked promises raquke compile proecion ognnst rect comet = inslalatoes inside lee promiace route nen-coplateprozeton opninet ct comat Protectne measures aganet roo contact = rotetion by coven compl preston) = protectin ty patton (emcee protecn)sulipnel waks or coors, mink Fare ge 100 mel alles or ele doers, minimum Dog 1800 bm poten by obsttcle(nen coma protect) ell-panel was or doe ett Yao mm. metal os ie doo, eight < TBD0 ma, choi orp, see WOE O01Protective barre must me th fotowingrecuirements ~ acheicaby bust and secur taster dr netaaons oui chad lca rales ey must ba removaba oly wi to). Guar! vals which ean'be ie, ‘oved wou tots mst be cf non conducing rata! er wood, ~ goer of sat pando we Oech le 40 mm) must be cpenaie ery with Kos, Incug sockeye kaya, Salety cs are ecuodin rated ulioa dares | calpromises } I | ~ ‘ll, chains o rape mut beat abot of 1100101900 mem th cas ctropen | 9 chans the cleric io rtectve nari mat be incensed by Oe ooo Seo | ~ atous above ve pane must be ot oid mater ardhave lpsOmm high Toy | ist exe 300 mm beyond tin eudor weg, and 200 reno aoe, ‘aanetone ‘5.2.2 Protection n cane of inlet contact Tagmegeuies to be tote ero tatu in EC 94 and 47 respective: ad in DY voe'aret car beget nao ach tw carcasses cate march | satan, Assisted wiht paral shotcwcuh cont ave vonage does eae {eauk n potential torencs, These pein erences canbe unt of avn ‘70 a therefore dangeraca parietal inthe fr ouch oo, I Tea deslan of protest aahing ayers must be ised on tha art tout curt ‘towing trough te prleetv earth when a3 ear feu occur tne sere {arte elatace vals for preaatve carting yatoma aro no erg nsec on | ‘herein sector, Werth votapes of nto har 6S Vooar are eases sung sy te pormiceBe och olgea we cao bocariae ie, eutveaton In gh ehageIaiton wih ores nal eating the sn ch ‘clase sued sande ntti adcires Tresor bebe ‘etait crore nerighars tapered maren rst oscsolagee Seng ‘nthe insta. Tl elanonahp i onow In Fi. 57. ‘Condtons fe: the values of madras petted ouch vetape,ceumstaooe under | whith cordtors for eempliig wit he touch votages are ates an also re ‘medial measores? when the conclons we ol mel ar Hated ON VDE O14, ge ara scaEating th alot means and measures employed eth 72088. nit eit tthe spect lctcal resto th arth, Wia usualy crossed ‘nt mmm ~ mad thon denote tho reitane of cube oath wh ee 1 Tong betwoce Ie acca cube les. 200 Building and services High-voltage zone ‘lpg peteten azar Easting sytem with equipotent bonding beevecn HY/LV- indoor swichger and bng/butin Sees Fase 8Dissipation rattan Ry ofan earth electose ia tha rsstnce ct ho oath batweon | Aha eacrode ans Mo vleroneo ah. Enabingimpadance 21s 2. mpecarcs between an eating system anc the ee Fence eur st opting Requancy. The vale of re ering redoncs fund Dy parleling the aeapaton revaances of to coh eearodee snd te mpsdancos of ‘Senece ending og owns or eon cbe sans ath putea eating restos Pst resoianes prosetos to the passage of ight ‘rant bowoon a pont oan sarting sje and the reference oat ‘Protective earting is he eactng of condctve component at forming pat of ‘ermal Seer eutin erro povct peop rom uneconntate tot vkages. Sylar aating ie earbing ofa post in te nema lectin creat nordr ta ‘spprat or sytoe canbe mariained properly fintemed 19 dre, conte ro retitaoe ote than the cating Impedance, 1) rah seta shed by wey af aadtenal hme, nde or eapecva rst Lge pctcton earthing eho eaching os conde part nat foi caro he ‘normal slecfcl creat inorder to ave ws tars posse fashove toa foal We ondulers asa reut of hen evokes (back Rashovers Exngvatnn uy wie vennecosnng etree eartirg ss ad etre Earth trace ptonia! y la vege Dotwoan a pln on he arts eustice end releronce ear ‘Tush votag Us i te pa ofthe saring vlage which canbe shunted tough fe Caltand ne earh or an saad part due wo a etek, The electra connection can ie De byway eta me Ent fat curent stb curant-assing to oar oro earthed ps un an earth {aul odes at oy oe pi ate eof he dec. te 12) he capactve eat int caren pW networks Wi ats ruta a by th cart fut idl cant git ete wth ser faut netsizaton 1 Pa Srorceseut caret to e6t ry meted wih fwrresstance neural ewtig, ‘nce under re natok wl late nmi or aarti neurazers which {foeura pont tly arhad ath ear ote fa Eating cureat ee lal cent owing to earth by way of he earthing imped- “Te sartingcoertis the component of ear fait crrent which ees the ea Inpatnit of anoartrg sat. Typer of er ooerode Cinetation by lento 0.0 19 Sursce ser tcrodes ne paaraly laced a sow dot pt About ‘Poaycan a of ep Dror sranced whe snd be avangoo 8 fe go reshed ‘doaradea, oF ecorbinavon of hase, {5} Beop ant elecregas ero goneraby sunk vricaly to greater dep, Tey can be of {Ubu ound or sectional meters, ‘Gesstleaton by fom and crose-seton, «3: ‘Ship snd wre anatube ereaes ‘aural each electrode aa ot part in coracl wih me each cx wats, cect of By ‘May ot concate whose origina purpose nol caring, but which ete as an ear “Jotaca Example inside pes, cnmman el, conteta pls ratorcerert, sea pas of bulge, e2. (Gabo with certhg eet is cable whose meta sheath, Hato amoung prevdos {Eatage b enn ofa ragntude ear to haf sinp-ype ean eonodes. ‘Feuncation earth etree re conductors etd In concrete which cota ‘Stone ea overs laige aren Foundation sar ocroces may be ested a thou” ‘bo candi were lal sureuncng sl Conta! eechodes sre eth secret which by bal fom and arergement 266 (nore for wage gredhg tan for mararing paneusr Baseton essiance [Rod elacrodes of ery eanitcant ng usualy pess trough el ayers of iran. Conducritige They ate partly use wher owe ayers conduct bate ans the ‘oo poratalewulleny io such Inyrs (abou 8). Oro measurement of the ‘Dirac wil how whether mote candoctve ceepe ayers ae prosont (see Section 2.4 (code ard strats. om eating ‘in ve 0700, pan ait 89 Inatatelicn of power syste wh ronal etapa up fo 1000 pote measures, srotecton again! shock cure, 2a—. ~ spo iN VOE 0160, part $4008.98 Instalate of power sytem wth comin veitges upto 1€00Vslece ae rata laden of electric apperatue, earthing: proteeive condvtra; equipotent bonding conden. DIN VBE oa, ‘YOE epctaton or arting seme nae, wales for aes vtiage abo 1, OWN voe orstm9s. attale ad icimum dtmenlore of ear sietodan wh gard orcsion, 28 and water peas nthe mels equipotent ending ayte of een IN OE 0800 pet 207.25 ‘alecameunscnon; onrhing and aq potantia bonding IEC 821241087. Batic instaeoce ‘or cutter eae ur ‘59.2 Materia or earthing systema art lacroes (underground nd eth conductors aboveground) must conor 2 ‘cena mininum dmereons fr macharca wang and 'ewittona pea co ‘ive ateck, Tle 56. "Wie regard coroaon whore ae i no connacton ttre ators, a tstowng pats shoul be Srna ining wen auc Uw metal er wath loceodas (OA Soeorsi: Cooper I etal for oar cro n poe Iatlations th high ou euro ‘ecaus is lata! oonauctvty a ruchMghar hea Mattel Bare copper undo fe eis poreay very cable, Copper costed with tn or zn = Ike bar coppers gner ‘oh. dearochamieal erm tread copper has Tec eat2a 25 me Somme # spon Senn * (9 il 1 be exodlc ive wemens, Anthea rato apis ca, Sion dots oltnstindtobe redo oh secs copoeea Maal ofiege area Shot ‘i ‘Suitable connections of dere ear coe meres ‘soo large tea eral area» 100-1 Meter y Toes yp ‘89.3 Dimensioning of earthing systems. “The cross-section of arn slated ond ering conductor must be such thatthe rule avengh is parauced inthe vent faa cart iy tryst wh [brenmntance rail ar, Te ncoesary eres aooion canbe aetna ona vig 2 ME ant Hore Jp Feultcurent fy Duran of fut euot FF Gooteant of metarat “The material coetsiont or copparis reer mata ase Seton 83.) BAA Varomt wase+3) = m6 Vin + rea na opr ‘axe povmitec fa trmporatres sre shown in Talo 6-0 (08 leo Seton 19.1.1, Were ering conductors and PVC eables ara ld tater on eabie rac, at rot exed 190°C. Tania 58 ‘Max patted final temperatrea in or iran mates ee e252, Mate! ON VOE ort ecteess cum a soo 20> 1509 iar 007 soa 20 ‘80% 5002 207 ‘80% ro data “heating ence aaepomer nin PVC be “The stands roan-cctions for are cope se show in Table 5-9 & reation to ‘Sgle phan fault caret sd ta cer rae. arPaci sf fo he oo a tp atch tages ong et noted th lot vans gen inbe sacs (og DN VDE O47) Causa {sich votaee vay corpo, howove sr roquae hab compar, ona, tzorg te ON VDE O14 oun votes neuer etait congue wha ovig tes conocido. 1) Pratnce ow staco ea ecodesureurcng eating sea ne im 2 coved tng. Vin as ng on extng QE ot rable 30-m EO ‘oy pat components eee ngs cores oe sey spe (rv wit conte elecdes, 2) Faure curation «050 5} Emting vonage Uy =000 7 The warhing veg Uf Do vatage wan respect to retecence eat (ence =) hich fe ole ering system assumes Inne event of aa Table 59 Standard eas-enctons oy 3,__Siendavd cross-sections fo Sapper artingcondcirs foot ph Sm pper eating cond 883 888 338s 888 888 ges sas aes eRe 20 2 % 120 8 7 95 0 9% ” ” 29 5 * os * 2 * 0 = rn 38 “Standard eroe-eecbon be bappet eating conductors inn 1 A BOG B= ADDS = BH» TOO 1s 088 028 108 o2e gaz ees ane ae aus sae sag ga8 asa sgale age eee {e/a Ra of zoro-oquence reactance to petive sequence eacante of natwonk ‘lowed rom futonaion. ‘As on aporoxnstion the earthing wotige Uris ow-eltence earths nate ss Upewer tin Ze We: Probably facts w= OF WHER Un = HOR thoi W = 13 Reductontacor 2: Earting mpedanca Py 1 Sgl-pnaso itl symmetical shor nc curent ane 5.10 “Typical vate roar we eduction fer + ‘vie atoll 7 txsv70 oar Yeavst ear O30 a avst2aoned 07 2x ANS 400 080 “The eang impadance Ze ctsined by paraleiing the cksvatonrsiiance A of tho eytem andthe impocance Zo! pratel earth lectodes (ables, ovehoed ines, waar es, alway Wack. et)-AB an spprximatn: 200For the sang gi of seeigea instalation he cespaion resietance ean be cee ‘io ae oon eve mot Vi hore Specie vex of col fet ‘aren covered by caring ari ‘Guns vals forthe speci ely of tlre wnds of sl are hewn Table 5:1 DINVDE 0228, “Table 6-12 show yal values of he pate eltancos Z ferent ea eeco- es, Te vaio given are apocatlecvy beyond cea mmrnangt.Thavalies fox overmad Ines are vader steel over, ‘The csioaon restos of susfeoe ara ion slsrases can be taken tom Fes. 1. and 810. For companion, the Good carve F210 shows thers la ‘ monsromort Table 11 ‘Specie eistvy of ren ats Nauo fect ‘Giate scm, Desert amete, Under. Preciataion Preoptaton ound =S00 mmyear = 2s0mmuyear San water ‘Tpial Range ot measurea vane ve Bm ‘Atom and Tigran ‘oparaing en groundwater iver ‘Nuria without ates se 0 arog Keupec at, ay 10 Povoue Imowone, 9 cha 3m 0 tot 99 300 100161000 > tot 20 1000 00%» 3009 +1000 99 19 100 1000 > 1000 2000 abies. 12 Parallel reetarcescl eh eacrodes ‘aearoce yee ‘earhoad ine wih eeth wo 5170 18 Seared ino wi tear re AIS 12020, 2 ‘retnsad ton ith 1 ene re AFB. 2440 34 Seatneaa ne yan 2 ont we AUST 24040 a SOY cable NBA 3x 120 oe | oa 30 Esti rack 08 20 serie af 2a oe re Shonormzvess OO gaged 898 ee-— Ns ‘524 Measurernte for earthing systems. ‘Koy to symbols used ‘The specie resistance pct resis mporantorealeuaing carting ystors. Whe | a partcaming vats ‘ever pombe. hero, py shouldbe maosirod belo corstrcton on asmichgesr |G ‘veread aah wire 'tstalationbagne. Fer the mote ann F Wenn A Mothe of Meaaurng Ear Ease igen roa ‘ty. Sane pepert of te Burs o Standards, No. 263, p, 468878, Washington | Gm] dros betwean King ods 87 Ho fo ghtot earth te Moasurng te sap and touch votaons sera ekehgearstatacon i compel is eg of a sng ect ts hme resin reid ‘voltage mathod of DIN VDE 0141. " tttearet anaemic eget seri eames. | SSRSmETSe eaten ame = so setiogee merece cece on ietatat mene Sree, rs See augenarsovaeee a ae mamctour ra we og manera lotr a we pay i ec & “lng angie ft onivrea mae ‘Tho uso of eae testers (09. Marat I) 0 tad he deipaton resistance ehoud be "eects to sng ath electrodes or oatung sjtons of small exert fg edo stip ‘lecrode, tower elocroes, carting lor smal eaten) ‘54 Lightnlag protection ‘Damage coud by rtning strokes carrot be compaoW provante. slimy occa "yo on econemie ground. Ligririrg ertecton tarsus cart Terie bo spot’ Uscceon On the Basis of model experimonts, measurements and years cf observations and ‘5.42 Methods of lghtning protection serene, consenioan ae hres covery moony Sesaed | yum pare re oredr atl Kg aeon en: Boreunce meee A Retest sere nabes Metaoned ef VDE OTS = MpSTotenelrapod = pao OM YOEOIO Lipa snare matt seoete Igpnng opt mated eros compat hing pation is wed £43 dena Berean eeepc ee erage nine ty tomato Adkseson bade ree real an onl gig tect Teas cokes po con, nario aor” Exel ghana pico sarees a dees pont sn ing tn, | Thesis of cae te rode na Sart ‘andi the protected insalation for ha purpoe ot mtorcopting and divert thet Prepared ne form of amen geo , ys tig wocs cutee cerry Oem Sees aera se sonal ghingpriecion congo be nese eeniocaintsaciteetacot Segre auth y,Te wma fel ick mrt aio wosiew ond rag ants coal ccensnes | ‘SUgvemuMgal tomcat tee ee Sisenorepatn Pened tw cecree ne nae Te een Secon hese arts natcopiah Goo 5 The earthing faclitles neoossary for lightning protection must conform to DIN VDE arrangement of the alr terminations is straightforward one can usually dispense 141 parca atorn pa tthe eames rhc protector ha simbaidngarmeds sndasseosteefecivenen tho pretation oem by xs ‘oor etching stats (ag, back Rasnoven ‘Hon asog ont ea othe igrning chore, 22 28| bask ashovers are inated fedbyitemahestises or andcoreron aeeraly oeratiac ONVOS Mad /OH VON 704 “This meshos onsets aoe complet protection and i used exis for srg tinct universal method ‘ousdoer archaea istlaons, “The metnod desofved below fr epprosiataly eterining te protetad 208 for | Righvvotoge swtcngear instar ftows the raconmendatons of DIN VDE ¢H0, [the tne sovortage tat dmensicing te pectecten felts fan easy task the ovign evginee ie sabl for ntatalors upto abou 248 KV and proeced zona ‘SBaazb min neghe The universal meno of nis eutabta for igher vlogs aves fd hanen igh rece zones, or raat x'vlion, = npc tana byt ert we 2 Sten Ling andor es ard oc tb craton cette Depecng on sed tage ad teeing arcs of ikngs and rte ng, |B ETGOMAERE Sta ofr | | mie 0% moon 259 5.49 Overhead earth woe max $0 “The protected zon, which matinlvce a satchgea andthe anstomars.s dined fa deosmmacton, to shounh Pig 649 0" doernined win he degram ni. 614 nun ung Lind rtd dln fermen ogo a shan ‘alone, Katte prueba ahora ror erat rotates zo wt wo eat wes, ep 2-130. Th cue Pounding tres eo a8 = dering the requted data | The sacona pune athe petted zone between he wo wes 2 [Detne corre i of whic st aoe fu hgh 2H o arth wre above tne grund Processing te data teria Cana th no wos rads Rs the dance batwoen = Prenat cag da | Brana omanon

"88 Electromagnetic compatibility ‘re subj ot eacvoraaratecompntity (ENC) embraces such Wo a scm “The eactromagnate enviroment of an oquiprent ccmpies athe sowoes of ‘barce and ba eaupingpathee'o tig 570) Salty, Brough thea eee e=ung fae i olconagrot quarts generat: be gupmat aeueon De O- ete Teconmeeme Brass ato cre wa" Nee me 4 omen mm moet L bf wwe ete mie" ( Se) ga ommm \ Se oma nse a ese — ~~ O rast Mette! mettre ‘Atenon must be paid to enurlg ELC ot evry phate of satchgear poi, tom ‘aiblening he eucromagrete rvronment String ed eheckrg 0 monsures betaen, tothe slaps necessary wien teinstatatons aed extended. The peo. (coasted ee tsoan Tae 512. 20 Table 51 Procecurs for sehevng EMC in evtchgeantaatons Proof (EMC = Crenethe etererance quaitos wih ewtchirg cpcations ~ Stmuato the terrence quails inte boron Inthe event of foutparlodary when unecoepabl terrace a sresent, the Biter! mode shown in Fp. 5-1 1s autlcot fo casty th salon Steps rust be {aken te decnvple fa erarencesouce fom the eteorenes an Hr Erato rwrssion Traranty Ponar neta, Eanes Fo 610 apenas Baten! adel of heaeronco ‘nn eazonta fr decousing te parte of ayer and is anvtorments good eect ‘al eandision be equpetrtal beeing and coon. ‘Tre tern bonding is appd othe eveasure for pst equsstn. Tis is done by Gonectng the lectialyoanauctng pars ofa eyten io arame ea Al part ct ‘ho yarn ain outer when in norel operation canbe conduvely comes (2 {is tame sar sein tha earn en is connected to an eth eco (est feng) th erengemert ono tuetonaleartng (Tlzcommunicnions, OWN VDE 19200, 08D! or operate artung fow-vetape stems), Func eating ca iso ‘ove as ameane of protection inear.ncton wow voiage) and ms hen meet De Sopra requrerens. Eaulpmet housings belong othe boeing system can be but ha thoy farm an [ulpotenal envelope whlch ree the ogupment om outgoing and acm tr foronc tl. aaee “wo Inporan ponte obaane when cones concn prs ot eee! ae "rfeton span nasal gh tc otags by srtacton manos a ETBIG WDE bios and Sts wirs rection, sm acined min nace endures = Redueton of electromagnetic interernce by eeaing ecusotenils: i I the ‘poo ct a bonding spar >of 5 orgmandremagton then ttn |—}—+i Ets + ‘Aa aecstomagnatcnttrence quently ison hat can gv seo unos iner. {erence nan eectca eter. 9.520 "§ cranant ponent lito quate nance rere>a We Intron propagates ns edition am the pth fo candi: < = gevvarcay oy way fh epparertrestancas of th condor, 100-7000e | 60 160n8 Eas oohaviour tan reference ual wth spac fine vais inthe course ots Vonage ‘ore Poaci ‘Canvrtonl aaoor atchoer (AG) if |e aa ee eat 7 ‘sink: 5 ~ Sorc a0 opr ovr “Tho spect! enaray dehy ofthe nledrence ual causes te ene ston tanarting Rove see Pi. 62 PP age < AN BS oma x4 2 ef BEE Fe ve o = 20mK: | =200it | Wie-ete ais ‘eee 4700 | s0ne @ (Characters parameters of ntertoencecuariice wih etching speraons on tre primary sie of hih-olage natn ‘Guana | Velage | Votone | Eee | Wile aie 514 ‘Reet Freeuancy + @ Rach counting 18 Supe aves due transits, Z, Zp 2, Wave inpedances‘An iartrenes quaniy cscura in aca (R622) vox conductors abt ence: | = A symm component a caet the high-requarey range by nomeymine ‘ences (iy expactance) with expect earn The hierererce rus av nde fist nthe connected quero wloeg the anymetiel couping pam, and the patho earen eerh. The iraterencevtage hus Pas te tolowing component: Yomttequaney range by cosstngs (cucve for fnte ares. capacve wih = symmatia (tern mode} berwaen th concuetee of he cet ‘on-eyrenaea arergerent ne cdr ooo ofthe te. 7 Rimeranizl apne nade ery Bo gency cf teckel = Diet non-yotca’ valence cova nat ecurin ayreetica opens. yma! ormon mec) hte eet fhe er-eratiacon- | Nanya eaten: pe ‘operatoniaran-yrimeticl wen the conduc ofa cet have unecual pede ‘ea ralte to efaranoe ahh a goneraly he cave eevera agra voages Mave ‘Teoma reteconee bore “Te raarorene then atca each wie othe fre separ, Parca wh Inde Impacarens nade the acumen 16 ot always the caus tel he con-aymietcal tmererence componat a the algal serance concutor tao = othe lowraqeaney ange the ernetial tatorece ormpanets equ 0 and lathe highvraquenty range approcmately equa to, the ron-syrmetiea compo: nent Py. o02 | = Aajrmetic atatereroe fo importance Ia nonaymraaiel operaton. elaionshipe betvenn potest aninttoverce votage ‘The iinet of erlrence quanta ina ayer sl bo assessd nts of Ut2 Symetica component ot nartrencevelage tages or exe. 10, Uzo Nonayrmencal components of otararnce vlage semiconductor, fvertrenes or ade thelr deevuston curs nly when «vo { cuen)exceede acai Hveaickd vaue, and beyood Dulas Up 8a seen wee, france dows not pa” able the sparaion of an Sctonie cat, oe tel thaeniconcucirs ee arent ovarreeed by he interterence, Wan itecorance quanty Is produced Ina oro, aeyratial ‘appears ine ot le conwtcled ad operted comity aystica ‘Semiconauciosexponad to pulsed ovate ro deaboyed ty crrent oak, ofthe ‘damage cause? In curiae unl aly the Cove ergot passosaae te pro- retical componente aug Dera nacoenay for rubles operon: leche wrengh current empteaon ‘An asyrmetoa ietrencecorpenent vga io ak ogee a sand rest eurent ‘cutto.a ren ayrmatiea camper art eo fo a symmetica component ‘dg he erate ran ayrmaty “An iartccce cut canbe soernccas a ayn component on ous ‘2 spmt and eden} atc a wmome opereon, depondng on agree revo or eon. tect ofimaterance quantiles on inrterence she ‘As cn ayreneten comconed etree can aac ary part accu ong SEE Etetcnternee tewrteence sok fiwto nclone whch are apis or EMBs proper poceeang ote sina: {erminaions et Pe oqipment. The trance between tn ror-ey ‘econ ha oars a hgnerrecuencioa's a synmatiea compen.‘cmsonet wn otro ae matin! compatty tae reapecio lctomagrete er vironments, #00 Fig. 6-23. “ Sytem =o | en Upper nie wong [ntecerence quan 1 Swietyard | 100 ee ‘00m aa Siasnce Mi om ete Sermo om om ir se, “Paneroton | ‘ss 7 Cubicle: 15 MRE 2m || es Shin ||| av rack Pom 100-1009 he wos | fats = eaiineniams| [crema } EMC meanres must vet or nie th serene of sme! ord nen | Ls | _Srmautcalcompenses. Tey are usa concerned te fst nstace with rug [=e a eanymvil component as here sect wi re ayer compere Fa. 529 (Leeman orem seer] eunomeasions spat ho nmr cporet cyto oot Fee het coun ce ety capone rnb compas i i. EMC measures erployieg tonding aro shove in Fi. £28, forte example ofan ou {oor evens Itaaon The sesunpone raaa ere ae as flow oe 615 ‘Appcaion of EMC mensures In a complete eichges Isat wa Source ‘Coupling path ‘Sink cry Toreaics To enhance Nols eniaion coustog __naeaimity {echnical Low nautance Layot ‘eine measuee eating Istaon ian Bong optcount Screening Bdarena Sutehing Symetes epee ot eetay col ‘Non-lectet !ueaec bonding stam and eaten cf seeing ty seconde wg mn ah ‘eensrission ‘tage swchigea into” Organizational ‘Separation by cneainatng opeaig procedres °F ASD Futon 611090590 rue om “aerate uns trate! 10 rmenevtes ‘Fauticerant progam andproenes {heap Sor aro ent. Voorn, ue “kvreanecomeesny hve reeves Rebeca propamsarspreeeee Saco macro 208ve tocivenass tondenoy of dcouping measures in rauson 1 profered Requarcy ranges ending yom “Tha bonding system inca all meen olecicaly comeing he |. Noe Te conser raquancy range eves frequencies preset both nthe sytem | bs entrant Ths teqeooy ange and te apatal extent of ie elecial ‘yatar dtcrmine he stanable Sogo of pail avatzation arshereo th oo | Stans or tre bonding sytem. Bonding does ret shane cover the sally reat: men requlraton ng stem can be connec oath (recon measure): a swNg8er eeu seas desigrng bonding system, acount stb akon of fe laskagecuttens romn devices an seeerng. and couslng neg cxcuts mst be aveod.hal wanstor byway of coal cables oarthed at both ends. “This means that signa Inks batween subsysens Ina radia boring eyetem must alvaye bo ead, ‘steps 9 Seboysiom 2 Among he stander to be observed wih regarste bonding syttensintndod or EMG Durpoaee are = DIN VDE 0160 16 navy curentinstaltonsiocrporating oieeric equipment = BIN VOE 0800 fro instalation and eneraton of telacarerunceto'e nye ‘ecludng data processing ysiems ~ DPI VDE 0808 for elecomrunioations dees, eng data processing devon OF bane OY VDE o160 dost wth the power tecuandy leakage cutert from #9 rata usbor eet) ha can coc an hua coment inte subarea cor ‘ered wih daa handing and heavy cues ‘IN OE 0800 ans 0604 re concerned wi ha requkemens of more afeniv da oessing syste were th tevetshandiod are generale the sam toa ot maght tude an iterteranc byway of commen busbar ts ol aniples so st decourhag ‘ofthe busbar is ot necessary, which makes te Sgn cao oa) ath Systems an subwyeioms contoming to those two grouse of standards can bm nag \ad i'n oartingfoncing concep by proving atonal sytem tat Fcrpreios nh veal protectin constr. The Petfce between he aubeyatems and Wie arom ‘mente cones by "the connection to ho prtectve conductor “= ti canneaton 6 he bonding sytem. er mora gnc reasns, cet sues ada r mead) ry be spaciiod for ‘9 bonding eytem, No spec measures are readsd ode 10 neorte rod ‘secondary sretures na meshed tenting system, ‘ea rat bondig system i specad (ig. 529), a ost npestnt hal to art of {heauboystema ae tic fo osc oer eniy by way oth oarmon senate Bon, ‘This moma that nie case sgral tanto bouwsen séSoyelans, Mote ‘ouratens ere nt showed ‘Sled connected 0 reference earth a ony ene ans aectvo only againe cael | thy inerferanco. ten conse a eitbitediow-pass Mier whose fll eapactenoe the end of te to which he shel iscarmecte, Cousin ance o orease "oars the fe ond of te shi, a booomee evdot pentane ath narnee sequences. ae =hover distances the higher the maximum equete of fs flevareas «requests bo ig. 527 snows fea methods et eomacing aod or conta eanes. “Thore oust tay Isustos) doves with convection to & protective conductor sjsarm but which have an eral end connacng oho hat ol re sana nas- ro must be rrrebore hat tha shes ean cary imertetence vakages renive 0 Iservonmert (rome emt). ‘The manufac’ insataon tors fo Kinds of equipment sous 30 ob gave, whut aesing tho stueaxa cf the bonding syeoms (NU VSE O160 or | BIN VOE 0800 or 0608). me 1d lwnys bo comes at bath end. The eat tk between the roc 12 to eid cable ehcul hee aonerresistare hen 1M ‘Sopondanty ofeach ober a agarcs et ses eannecns, 08 chown nF 5-28, 2 nz|Pe| Fig $28 _Sritng of systems fo OIN VDE 0160 and 0800 1 Shikling wo DIV VDE 0800 _2Shotang fo DIN VDE Ofe0 mitra, Ak comnactng ala candi, 2f0rconnec- tng slgna retararce condtr, PE or eanmectng reece conduc Spat banctg systems) (cto ruting ‘Signal can of cont estas should alveysbe a separate om the gene wing retwotk However, power supply eables lang for cal divuion board {anrelsubeytems fp. peenets) shou: bold ogeer wih te lgalcates = ‘Gates are consisrad to od sopra te stance betwen hers mor hen Inside he equpmtnt ome te powar supp¥y Ins are kan cay to the tow \otogeeefeboords the nual les of sopra or sbeysters A gun ‘a, they are ld long ha conductors cfm atom whch 6 meshed wherover posseoe — 5 Efects of climate and corosln protetion for suiehgeae £262 Weahersitanes and carosion protection For swtengea ta epaete witout retin, effective masses hve tobe taken bY Fy Stpnent monctacura’ angio buldor of to fstaition. These Maas.rse com” [ibe he sutbie che of expen, propria din apecicaions end acequtta ‘otecton against coreaion. “Tre ciate olomenis and the factors infuecing the pars ofthe inetalaten ere TRomn able 16 guar wih an ncaton of acton abe ake. “abo 5-17 summarizes he pe ese 20nee and characte avorage wewther conaens Matrota of urece vesrent for swohgnar ere showin Fig 5-90. | Atampsata range of = 25 Co + 85°C ie goneatypemiabi; + 70°C per ‘ied up 624 ows, pemiahiee70°0wee a e Em ae \ 8160" 180" TOO 6H 8 Gad" 20° 0 20" a0" GO" 80 100" 1a TAO" T8780 Em Colgcinnie = Warm aryctinae mm + 2200mabovM Normal ana : SS fompecrocimte anyone Sena” agua ema © Occasional very gia tm | (5660 ¢a-em-cay~)_”_insometsesor ara F520 “The word tes 2 symp map Taio 5-17 Pinal erat reas an eric! vais of racrloga faces (ON 50015) Critical meteorological vatuoe ‘ct ‘Aetomoorurs Folaive hun ‘Ae pean coud ‘esr neal rthiy mean gomeay bo No dion ‘above 778 mbar bw (sant Normal monthly mean pradominatly be ‘enperala wean 15°C and 29°C! normal anna) No defeon ‘Above 75 ber ‘maxcaum se emperaize up to + 37°C (620100) Maxinum nal monitey mean predomi- Meera! monthly mean erate at east Hotarad ——AMy above» 22 C; normal anrual mani. + 20°C und roma mocthly mean relabwe Abra TrSmbar ‘Pum air emparaure resonant soe fri teow a0 % (2000. With noimal monty mean iamperstirs above +20°C the normal monthly mean relative AnowD 75 be otras ty above 50° {620 t00) High atte No defen No densa ‘Below 75 moar (G20! 3 nemcrdwerasaton ened ramao 8 8 : co (tae stg ‘nraty ° © oo 8 ° eo 0 8 8 ane ares ==) soonepeiny mabvoune ey Sua pve REN eceLNS Pa z ean pm SS5.7 Protection classes for electrical equipment of up to72.5 KV ‘(EC 529 and DIN 20 050) Protection clases ee ideritid by © corpound eymbo aco up ofthe to code st gt Dees of potion agalst contact andingees foreign bovine ‘Socend eg: ‘Degree of protection agant Ingress of water Win aden to the code lett P only one code cit ik neo fr tho degree of ‘rotation the sing igh fe io0d by the fate x, eg PX Gergcton clase: Speakon “abe 19 eumrarzes the degree of protectin agent contact ad frign bodies and oo aganat water, neces Ine prefered potocion daseas ter asbuton ‘auipment end awohpear Sua protettd metaad equment fer oldoar sol Warts by aW in aaaco- 17 fr het ater P For asamp IPW 6S (rotecon clam wanteroo! = ‘ecied agains ngross of dust potted agin: water). a Table 32 Protcton classes Patacon of lacticalequipont ast, ‘oma, folgn bees ardater gz ge ge & 8 @ S320 we dial Pain Lh Melb Hod PHad) Fubpeteonsgant — rmectin agar MaS prerer) cane Fulpumctonspana rman aa gs gae pe 6 Substation Engleering Methods: Table 6-1 hos fcc ard ei aan aon gon ay ene Planning ot aitongerinatttions neers f.41-conapt bundary ono conputr aos arcu cons Care ar eres www Te poste pang echoes ca cagelew consi ene | Enormert nw Oubrnoe =o TOpeesceeaar cea ese onan snrarciogiepicng | eae Cite Fre te ead exerananeses en The pring pares a eo ne cooperation baw te Cer onconon Tyee be conse Crpage ang ours ‘evrcry eros wpe oman ccuran enn, See se Eh nd rae err Pewee te Exbausc eat Oa Sots citetee mretrengeren secs ot) he eee tien, . me Bone Seeley sey eors end ens geo operate rao Se ata Stotcnitoe “Taires gen m indeaton ba bony conde cn rane 2 cen Cheapest Be aye nuauns we eed ka hee pce ca Sg Neate craton: aa oroncoourason von th ever od plano cay 2 | matmbtyand aa ene Sitnnad tome ose ance eset eet “ating he busbar concept a3 an example (Tb an tn eon guat Dianyaersorsoay enamel Seriya ‘tant mv. bstallations as wall appa Presone pees Cees upon Compe ate woo yout Poverbalnce: Sepa trepanon Nomar ese poe wee fr npg pst set oan ESS mw eacnn Sct a coe Eee an useconwaten; Atomica crt “etter avons cove’ ie cee , Sinan soaon svoyrectorans; Nitra Te 62 sunmarae te corp! pas used im lering stent ve ons 8 mand carers, gui iment Scatter tase osc ae cae fergie eahee Fe precton Tuchgetcen Bile peron |W etme orn tay Mote ete ft 2Table 6-2 ontmuod Progam Appleton Prepare forPoa ever eaw a, a0 Peco sand 008 STOERLI ° Calealonot resexesln —~ veteaton of regen revatanee snatengear cama cue to OIMY atengaar reams ~ lnantoring of peossura rset ~ eaten of egupment and AB Staleatocgh ‘onal onde sehgoae ‘raaletona AUST —Canteunus eurentionding —_~ corduout-utont oroeton ‘STeanevelor 9 DIN ES 870 CALPOS* Program ayatam for nemor ‘extoutin, re foowng radon Caledon cf sertckeutcaont ~ a8 CORTINA ‘Caeuason ot aymmetren and sserrmontal aut cures sccordra = DINVOE o10atEC 208 = superposition metice CCatauaton of powertaw as MATOLA ‘Select anal (over ‘unt protector) Harmonic analyte a Dinensoning otaiting = yams (VDE 0141, IEEE 0) Diensionng of wrvotage — — yee a Hoter sarap ‘aghion ‘retion,encaaton, mons ening + F | tatatana ~ I é (64.2 Planning of high-voltage tntaiatons “The foloiog ata must be consid when slanning high-voltage entengear Voting ives Hghcge intnains aroused fr ananitng ad dating power, and ln or Inking put of rae phave and HVDC avatars Factors cating the une nce nawork contguration, votege. sows, defence enronnenil conwaoretoneardype fener, oun anurans “The avatahty ofa puting tain deleined aly by = ut eanfguratn,L., the numberof poustes of trkng the network rade is ckeultbenkar, ed aca, n oer worth Re amr of cnet pah unsere, ~ talents rat ot ho prindpa camporania suchas exe reser, sles inci ton coniguraton and eonorona undo rake constons,Cee ence meget ae re Cee mane soc trthaniiners oa enon cane Seg totes Soo San Sn a eee ee ee ers busbar — ach breaker can be maintained ‘988 interrupt the ring Sheatematy canes ony one bresker needed per afibranches, wm Te amv -0e main busbar required ‘serthing ee a ae sage ene 2 gene a 5 oem a" Somer vee ny cig sapiens amecaee ctensta npommortactiah " secant na pan a high chenge ny 2 breaker faut on the busbar side ue. dren wwinene Sao Buebare of equal mest SreuROTeRReT gan busbar can be slain or “gerbe canbe woe tary ‘stn aun rockers = changeover string easy, ‘rout sig otis = BB Sault doos cot ado banc ‘Gaconnactons For hese, see Sactons 3, 4, end (rie reckermt espend Irdeencoay te dezion otBasie design ane constructors “Te bic esis aussie for thing lator a equip ogee wi dient forme of conatcton oor 8 vice rargo of cosblies, se Table 6, The choi ‘enende on endrrmental onions snd seo concturiona, operational and «oo: ‘om coneieraons. ForSurthar deta, 600 Sections 10 end 1. Tae ‘Tho pecpltyes of dean ong vohagn svaehgearnomtatins ard Rat oston eie dean ———adatng Used way for rmadum” — Votagelave (ev) tecalon outdoor ror Gewentona A 36 — 0 Somerton] «A 23 ~ 600 sis Sr 38 —e00 yee Aiise, 245 ~500 “Tre are vastus layouts or optiinng te operation ard space use of conversions curds salengoa station (otcnyras), uth feet argemontseromes oh ‘ushers and dapennoetr, eve Secon 11.3.3, 6:12 Planning of medium vokage instaltions Mesam-vonag ntaator ary he tactly to a oie th consumer, hart le bought down fa usblevllage by mains Uansormers. Onin extapioral cscs ‘natin power lone supled drecty wan vag above i KV, 09, he Inincusy In nem ong 10, the appropri too! network depends on aay ves eee Raqutenent Power ues ig rtaoay Hosted peter Powerplant High vaiabtty Radl rere sah yesunasney Insty Preniiy ogress adler Meshed syste are used many for pu supey metas. Tho waformers atthe ‘work nedes are supped Wor toast wo 1s, see Fi. 6. Cetdevans can be ‘Soaod, og. maintenance or repal purpones, wet Ierurting to spel 2 ——o a w bE: feousrmcutecasmenmnec | soma veermerntemapvsarncae ne | cirraastantnarenetie Beehpp k Single busta withpatent eto in cloeeyng and slacing typ of conduc are tours poise ‘tn and now ie aopara le maurtod, Too powneaisa are curmazoc below. ‘Cassieaton of memansotage awtengeer cube: Erecaure ype Prefered tm of equipment meunting parry nents, enced ‘wos-meuned oF raw-cut type crete metals ‘eeu or awl ype chou orater ‘oreanpie einen ‘Besides choosing hs type af upon, an important aspect etihe planning tages ‘he aetecion of people and equipment om ne erect of are fel, sem Seeten ae (8.4.4 Planning of low-voltage Instatavons. Lowvcge natatattre are weualy near tho consumer and generally eccessbe, so ‘hey ean be parindarty dangerous Heel aeiales repay “Tha cree of canerk contg.xaon and rated safety meesurs i of rc signtic- ‘eco, The avery 2 seca le equay dependent on Fags considerations, “abla 65 compares the sdvantagn orl dandveagns of commonly used netvrk ‘antursions,o96 abo Secton 8. ‘Aresher important eap nite pining of onoage eth ‘nrawing up a power belance or eee sbstion pot. ‘ha telowh: nominal power requtement af consumers T Srttime power querer (eg, molt sate) eee vanatons “Ta IEC recomendations and DIN VDE slandars give ro guidance on these {eciors and port oa he ndnacul apes ofeach neni. For cower pct and incu Installs he cers must be vestigated sspartay moans case, “Te fatoning Teles 65 and 6-6 are inantod as a planners guile, Tey are the Pra ® FP Png = Powe oman B® 2 wtated cower por uit 2 Demandtincee Tate ‘summary of raw cagueione and pscton mane lon-vtagensaatons Disadrtages Mai petition Network contguason® ———_Aanloges Loss expense in tespectof Equipment usb insted ‘Broughout forbs vetage be- ‘ween he okie condor. auptent bonding necessary. Ar peor Tetalnatason ‘Satay oa low votoge Funetoral one watane ‘Ferrie wa capa of ane parse Saton 1.2Qe Table 6.6 om) Table 68 Demand factor gor mh wd ol eer loccal estates Demand factor gor min ld ct orale eons peter Dmececergke Renee Fates Tendrpie Ravan tonane aries woes ined i ener ~ ona ny —_ oe Bieter ot) Econ Ser canes Somer erare yr oe tr) 989 ‘tia ones as Sioavesngecercmanmy, S804 feng ine rene ntaose Seen gems arte Foe, anos Wie trance Seat oteoe anos Yenc Leonor art rrr ream neaormeces) 07808 ne Bo ester Taare cto te rear es ieee Savana bo eSen on fear ianet ecg te terion ittor elope Peet sna are, peeing fancmrnecered —— aeae Fin ame opoms—Nagmemttgae Beware seg ote tng tote codtracees Frontera ie are aero woo sectioning we : opr sree ren meearamomescy rman oat oe meee Lung frond tunnae Pap andoscerta asiea gence eho ‘Tre tae xan, aa ten, ‘iecorenen ois Teter mre Warr mts tte yeometione Sean (Sarees ornament iery rantatinduery ios rer ome mea cop een ay aseor Soong sty Eeronioen whic ‘Penal foam ems Seren anne ne Averagetaty —Yetae oop gd amen wate aawooe ‘tb. 80 tn Sececeaee”— Lraeremte omg Sano TT Tootinasy armas Sie soos es weve run vote 1 tn tows freee HH Conta on nn age est‘Trey of constuction depends cate siaton’s portance and use requ ava | The CORTINA and CALPOS comptr programs enshle shore ckeut certs 1 BO {yet ener contre ad ecrnectac sees | Tiered cay ov comprehen Fey take cnt “eg endats the thera area, rues --eGoping the neon prozac eytom, = questions of compentaten and eating, ‘Exemaie per of the plot rodveed by comuteralded cakultisn of sor oveat imferenceprotlome (an reton fo ticommuniatons ines emer. 50 28(618 Cateuatlon of eableeroes sections, computer-aided | 6.2. Rules for the proparation and designation of eireult docu Before the coss-sactons of cates betwvan te sichyea snd comectediosds | Mantation aro Trakzed, they must be calculeted In reation tothe sand cable | ™ talon so se Seeratng condos a AH | sae ct eres IEC 0:7 contin norman on haw te nd! ers of tong, Facto ofumrcing the eros-secton nhs cleo ‘Soowied uloment are fo be epreseted In cell documentation Gy means of ne ) soa ~ Ramage nde normal cnars go ernie PRAY hy oman EC waned 70,19 ered 082 snc caste : riaton te enti of sectica expat and alo the erase = tara sere aren, “= parmtad vatage drop aiong the eablerun under normal condone, ar iso ding | {he stating paso whan feeding rears, | | oto: The nations ad intraoral starsat refered to under sation 62 re cx ‘eo bang exensvey reves. Formate deals on fs subject see Append, ‘age 878 rd he corimartsgven ln socton 62. = response of prtuctvn dedews inne event of velonds ard the sma poste Srer-et curant ta erutdongeroc uth vonage | e224 cinsatteation of creut documentation Teleabes tra gen eable case-secte”. The mato of aucun Is n accordance ‘aiNDIN VDE 0100 and tn eepectve cable manutactures' di. 1.47 Peni ot ale rong, corpus : | ‘Communications systems requires a urilerm language for everyone invaived in the eicmputtie cone ndaau riate spent amaey | Seana en sore ue ‘ret oe ra renee ove ed ees | arn concerto oan Seer ete aaeconeer aie cena Hone dimayivnatenan te tam an ‘The new standard wil consin nes on etabsting the designation system fr ia are auch ash mechanical process, acral and cao engines g, ‘ares dee ie oannge of he eng ees cl dieent cesgnaon ka 2 | Saree tere mera gost ee sree suaece ents aaa Seen she ser er they aoe intent assent “The ABB progers LELOP otter vry elective suppat here cen provi ta onthe ‘Faingusha by pra soe. Proton Designation tock Proton aiantenet Higher level cesigrationEnc destnaen Sock ore ol sequence cl siphanunotc characte ttsvied |The meanings atta alphabetical cata posters nserton 2 re dened nie standard ‘Stacia and ech scm oda. ase sgny | oeteSentatens oes ‘anata ata pont na, i Enea capoaton | poieas Lert for detec veitege lve inthe designation block igh ival anion, Hia'acton Il lpbebetes daa postion (os Table C7 of DIN 40 79 Pat 2. s an] Pe Faghtes and syste rot spoatenty reared - toa branch er oRa9e ‘ " po zoe isi: enmee ae egtaning gooaseoe Teta robey omwwses a Lins reir tgs ms <1 8V tn a een | eee ia taco nt ct ae Se ne | a ema oo SE Sener eee eee ene es cose anes sero Laas 8 decree + [w[aalun] [anlan | Se + (wiTaaTN [Aaya aa ee ren ‘conthing Meaning isoauyee ator, Wenig Wearing y ‘Systeme < 140 Na soto 1000 ¥ AC NB S000 1000 ¥ AC Nc ‘00 16 1000 ¥ AC este | ‘Bouro and cube ot measuring and metrng ‘Bours and euba fo prtectve coves Bourds and evils decanratzod Borde and exiles fr wars Boards ane cules fr coro sierating and aur sytem Meraaling eis Gand com ord ows end ubtes for cont! ales, eg lam syste end Process computes rca ond eaicen for eleconrruiestene N< KE ‘esionen: Tawi As Nia ageinelne Ow sane in Tae, bbe toy wet Dre Giceiamaienn run. ‘Toe eal cosgaton Necks quand ym 0) an cl wha an Mcp one tru cle cree, m Seoguontal sts tata. won cubco aarana | Tadesnation br wine cote i 3 stone: + [a[aATwn[aa[nn] [Aa Fe ere va ll wean ch tien Yon andere,Trbate 6-10 Later sae espana onan sk eto ston, Dot ata postin couse O1 fom arias Pangy nen ee Sectors 20 4 6 oo Designation isk Hentteation of Ron ‘Te cexgnaton bck fr oiiftion often is quate by a myphen (+) and core sits ofrvoo sactons Bee ice er oe ota postane nti eslgratin boc are he fotowing symbce t- {ers end more) inthe der gn ata poens + [WN[AATWNTAAT WN Pateagn ~~ “ AANA) | gece To | tet 423 ‘ening Meaning 1 i ‘or . 2 fal nnn [at ‘A Craykbreakor aobassories |e ‘uty resent eco 7 instrament transformer accessories ne rn uncon N&x ‘oon, furan arminatione be 6-12 ‘eignmion bee ‘dertoaon of rt Designation oct aeretoanon ster ° Res 928: 88 ae Pe meewi ee ayo Table 19 ube for trying te epplleton in designation bick erties 2nd waco, {alend 2nd rural a pose js ast O8 of DIN 40 710 Par) th ator T= i ranged i saquonce who Fghe ov! ‘as Table 8 used nthe oecon for navman anaforrer Inthe oan route on ma 02 Kam een soo Set Lae rapeated fe gach Hom, 9. -COWV! (0 & w ~ [al nnn fal “The numbers for equomactfortng part a Mgher lev! eqment can be chosen N “Ruvory eg. eauipment te docornecic operating rechariomset-breakar, To. ‘combinations, wok ounted eesarntes. | eign tc tori rane nator ‘The tara! designation block has the pret gn a ele () ond conte of ene td tt Tray ‘arnt wonnorme Feeder vanatarare — “Tentomers bos! Pra algn ‘Tanatomeea but ‘Tanaormect bos : [RAGRN ‘Tanaformect bu 1 ne the te wen ted on (Gable-ye8 varwormers “Th designaton beds consine helio! Kenticaton a tala onthe ert, ‘Gane! {stanstomar ‘ravaneorne Notation for dealgraton block “The designation back can be ante wt ferent pace in croutdosument. The Taio 6-14 ovapatan sterling an He of ecupmar arewtan nthe sequencngvenin uber tr detiving pupae of on-aasgnabi fscersoates avin oxi | $0080082 ‘Non Blox erifondon 2nd weston, 1st nd ad Od perc! da potion feo | Designation Mocha or pats the able C8 ON 4078 Par tent ahown in ce cu ‘ed erty be eated once a ano 42s ‘ook The het dofcaton tan a ~ [al new [at ‘est the oyna represertng the equipment. ‘Equpmertto nti ne common par does nat aply ae ay dete ane yk ttt “The designation blak Ycato i shgnn on ete clagrare notin the txt pan. Ba Tomosaley atthe tnesvopartng diferent loaions orate age of te craw, aartying letras Tale 6-11, thee di aurber foun cece fr tbe qucmert win tess boundsres, Chou docurari HSTEENG ee ________| _Ssrnecions an ovopraptice!arageen whit eat ony one oer. 9 t= Feconended elegorea for be bee-cgt number ‘a diagrams, have te delpraton tock locaton inthe txt para. \ww we Sumreenas CS gation blocks are oi un te cut documenta have free plese or ‘ove a90 conor Mursg eect isetteten Fig 8 show We ravenna con the ‘0010 398 Proncton (erat crews aocunent ‘rom 800 ray ae “Tha numberof mutes in ighr reer elles and wn ranch flaed comin. tons can be chosen aw zm an—w (22.2 Presentation and detiition of cteit documents 120 119,180 1082-1 and 140 719 (oe also Sarton & 42) continue fr presont- fon af he aaron creut documents bea Sng cogram overion tran)? : ae [A dale-ne dg ante rprvertaton oct having ony ee Seas {al pater shows the manner of oprason ond haeone gov of an lei wor salen 9, 5). “Toe ches genet represented in angle frm, wit letring sua frmiee- Timing, eoston © entBeatan of he eaond! unk and a GAgang cr, te ‘Sngoine dagram must corte folowing formar: tone. peo cura, pm angen ess mas = Pinar | conductor ioas-ocons, sn Ta Secor oo Sa eal tet am de ~ - oar sr Tinw [Epos | dees me \aaee | meee ‘rieatieton —" com | 5 Tews | Os “ez |e To raos — Sree ee te vom (STS azo ivi Fg.04 ‘Senematecagran (ret eagram)” ‘otafon inc for detonation Mocks nce documents ‘Ascherie iagramisa compreborsve resecenalin ofa cc, showing ta dal. Ronas IRdvwats the manne of operon fon elec sytor. 2 Desiraton blocks must bo writen hu fey are eal wih comman pat | Serta lagrae ae dwn on DM Ad pape 10DIN771 Pats na a peat ‘atte Mer lovo poston to rar sredya thn egeren ub coogi fe sere © The common convo. we fresevtafen, eherwse to ssserbtd representation erred on tho aceratc meaegan ‘nore ey sr aepfcabio fe Me | agra below the lower potent re. {The cosgnatin Hooke forthe aqulprent must be writen here © Dasignatinbioks must at be entered hare orate cam wn ABD Capa nts SADE ary 108, m ona“The schematic cram for a func utr part of an stations divided to uno- tinal groupe eg” contol, signaling, rocks, alarms, eynchrenizng. protection, Imossurament, e.g. 6). he functon of cra ml be noted abroad ‘Bem above the respocive cout paths (eg, Tadic bus dse.2). Tain agam tlemina function ages)” ‘Aten gram shows the connection poi cf an eleticalsyter ane It {nd extol conducting inks connected to ten. The temipal agra a repronen {rion ofthe terminal Beard and rust terete be shown ina postion crrespancng woadiemPalbow. Layout caning fcangamant caw” ‘Alayeut craving cortale ferritin ogading the physio srengorsnt of latest ‘Capment This expr! rust be donmedtn He fayou craving ihe same way a8 Int omer rteronce drawings. "haem ee wh ABS Cope Sms! SADT wefan 18836.3 CADIGAE methods eppied to switchgear engineering Depending onthe degies of stardarsraten th suns aod the compute ard on the aly to hsp th Goign fin he HH soliton, CAD > Comeutr Ado Drang [Bocomet a comeiete design ayer. By hither roceaing ot CAD dts for merufaci= fp Oscomerts,poduton panei and tstng one can ave a & CAM 01 Cit ‘Grau Fy 07 ves «general eaten of uses of CAD hte course of argnae- Sigiand murectoeg, showing he poestiltes fr sardardzatnin te propareon | preva angi, Doge cteanareaton Se = sa rein nt wsie| «Sse a | vanctegenersunentn pa 80 wrest tr ame ee = gee Soe TS ES caton, ! oa me fr we mer Ce anny etn avai my 0b pry 8 ge fain sara oe es Fe conn tnt varegin 8 a Contant — i ee, “ro pine CAO sare aa = eS “computer Aided Deslgn Pepeeuee oars Foran inierace lor graphics carey het, ee ao ae examen oe Pe aaries Sepmmnmenemeaeatg ee | cecomemne a rs or ston plmeing DIN ¥ 40880 ‘Format for exchanging documentation af elactsical Install Conse Pa : fem mn a " soe ‘tntortace Inoepencen of weed EDP-method) orcvanareain Senrennr a ontemeper tale oma ——— Feuer ae evtrnscninacuey | epowmra os sera we ori een Bier cor Sr ca rctextsneneen Sch etn Gear naaieae Saree os Sn nan voesned el te Sogn hast 180 TC 104 STEP, standard for the exchange of product model data 78 a‘models forthe varous appicafens, Tebie 6-16 hts the eros importa: sandra or Ura Be ted of CAO, {53.2 Outing of hardware and sofware for CAD aystms ‘ACAD sain consists of 8 camper ul ts Immediate espera auch as dk and (CPU = Cena poceesing uit Namba at Applcalen ——Paigherss FCAD contr temas oreonel compe 7 20 addi Foney dk Werkaaion tes 20190 ad sk ceesene (AD compsr vith awe ap { atest ‘rates processors tea aD aseeue Moin ae computer 210 20/30, lard ok ' ee Table 618 Input devices of CAD sytoms Input device Ouipu'devce Groptiog Aha. Die Pistor Prior Passive graphics tarmoal Interscve sphanumer, > tormical reracve graphics worsen Messuredin seconds, upto minute waIAd Up {hy depandingonvoraton Menoctuome,qualty very good Seconds lominues (Somand inp abana ‘One or mae colours, {Upto tf dong on ie art ‘pal very ood inermaton vl Stic, ty ‘102 mint verygood ‘heecow, hein areas Fr, quit very good Monocrrome, quay good Minises pecsl paper Ouray ~ electri si wth mar tabi Coennae postioning and input Fomat oe Height o 0 lengths 10m Heian a toa Largih up to 10m aaas vpwa0 Mose Awad 512x592 pot 18062 048 F010 dag reno cb. Graphics play unt — pickceepeat wih aster socigue ewe 620 “Tra pins grophes ou deers Pater precio ‘Onim-ype pen poner Bocrosinic se, rang recived io dts nxt ploter Mit pote © Toso3:3.CA0 appleetions for ABB awtehgear enlnserog [ABB suichgear aging ha bee ing CAD mahods for ary years enon sn ‘ernie Sone papa of des a re pocennng of ona Avan Seibel eoteenna acaojoanlv omins dee om. vit te sytema We gor CAD corn soars Ne tne pocad by e arwrs eur wife be pcer-orertd ver poyems have co alr Pace wn aD “Tea mostinpartrt CAD eppstans a rey dovecbed bet ‘Gran uc oe sate’ | Computer aplication fr anohgerennetiny and prec pertamance “The RASPA system of programs has been weed for many yeara inthe project engin~ = ten pt nd lari. Tonaeronengesene doer oem maid site os iabatiih baer ‘ranging from 30 40 500 KV. it cavers every aspect of switching station design, rom 5pm oe ras, Silas feu dogane weigh popaton he Sarge sng anor = Boerne. > Secharel dsgn | \ “ne contr tito aoerte oe 20630 made Cae Hore, | oa ! » ! Fane rereneinon none lie : 2 Tesmene ‘means true working in theae dimensions, showing views fiom efferent angiee and par. Project Sactonncpone ‘Basket ace btesege ore ose, sts a wane ware See 1 f° ‘Srtana oupaaunny | Sean Tac optemanautio ne matin soe aaa | Sects itocanertd mdse youre mae i reper i Mec, | onions : fone | SEESER | coma “hw coca of rong CAD tha oo: Se ea = morvad uaty of enginering sluone and drawing daurntacn, pear ‘Tnscutry on etl sean nite poe Foubitanng of nectestna Some poh cr Samia | aes stan coee suum {1 Girone ve et ED oy lng CAD, Cs CAP and C3 far | Ao snany once snasnant cinew CAD mead tens, hse aratages ib | etagnia ie preparatory wort ans roqusemerta In each incvvel cae! += Analysis of present situation and structuring of tase, 4 = Capital coat of praia and software, xtlehmert of symbol ana eraving Worry and databases, = inet access, Fa.68 CQuaty cnracteriies of CADICAEystams withthe con! hanctons: enginearng ‘ganda, rope! soliton, EDP es and ult| Peeing and designing te Ngrvohage gt of outzorratatatlons fe complied ‘esau of ra many aor of equip pox nyt aed sea rere or {he derntvotage tres, CEKA ea CAD eye ft helps the denn engineer {ind ne beet toh sound soko. “The delogue-guited ton avout rated on he sce provide a bass fr ovale tone of aoc Kinds, ase Fig, 61, Th ves-dreensnal oc owt Yom Bry ‘ng, canbe used to preduoe cravings of detals an sequence, sue a8 = tay = plan vow of ator = flevatona| poston of tundatons 2 cae oxts. oe Liste of mars and ants are oomptd aulomaticaly, a for explo em ts land teminal eee, provang ast fer oasing and acquling the required ectpment, {na fr panning eacton ofthe station. te Larpesine project rauings tou progam evasion # Fo09 Pet qunty and th aby of CAD sytons to hana modoatons qc ar ty Ene tg oma pk rainy tb ciate eer pel ‘totaly geacied enesterrcs tg he echrate dear. ct a, | ieee cate Teta Saipan ered oa cr totaal gee spn aay ‘tots te ane dase 22 maa:ety {oye 9509 99 YER LONE Bas 0D A EEL of uy 920 e955 FOP YH “ish W130 a Buen pajen PALME G21 810 MoH. UNI IN RNOLS 1-8o 64 Drawings yas “Tecinéa! daings show na form undertaae bythe aehnisan. the formation ‘oossvary to corer an instalaion of par of an tstation. Tha drevngs rust trerforo Sofomto ori, gereral recognized guidlines Gtanderés: = paper sizes, per tye tins. . 7 anderde preston, bo, gre 6.41 Standard drawing sass and paper types Table 6.24 Stance raving S208 Standard arg ame ‘Shectze Fomal Tiinmad davig end Orawing ara’) Untied sheat ‘ode timed rprocucton (orange colon) Minanan dimen sre ese 0 ° * a + a 2 rc a a ‘ as s 4 * a 6 x x eo 8 ee COC eee Tae 6-22 Long sawing size, drnge his ornate ae nly speci oases Shoot ozo Format Trnmad ding Drawing Unsiened sheet Gade andumesr. area Gor sing conies) ‘reducion Miriam diner soe ee _ Renanwaowr 2 20x 1009 00x t160 «0x 1280 Bangheationg 21 420x Bet 450x600 Aangreationg St 237 84s 21 Seon 380 Aahieatlong 82 207K Ss. 2PTx 5% 800x625 sabi eAtlong 92 aayx ses aT A "Ton rica won ena ym dria te ara arg. tan Fm Mma smeshcarete tn srg wen acne arate he anc oO ee ENE ang morn ww Oe‘rte 5.20 CGoemon ypes of paper fo Drawing orga Nowa paper cones: TT racing paver = XW rma paper Tao F968 G4Eh emode, Ce tim Coat surg paper ewe ener Ht vellum Coxe te oe! HH spin evaneparent vere foramen mess, ONAO909 PIO O80 Sark, He achive fn Seman TF oremend penactor See ‘im comsosen est once aon amps enor e (642 thane pnraton ml eos : snnnn ora cae BEE ‘nnn prea tn an nd tat caw a wot ae TeiSatenad Tema pste Wt Setng Sans ne Som tahoe ‘Onthe basis of IEC Pusteation 617, he standards for grphlelsybos have Been ‘ule aes pubes DIN Sores #0 900 Pan 21013. ‘Table 6.24 rcp DIN tancard on dani of 6.81), {64.2 Letiering for drawings, ine theknesnen ont ste B as pa IN 676, prefered sizes 2, 5 ond 7 mm 2 mano: CAD), ‘Sect sie and thickens of sc ad fee shoul be satctod co et reduced by feo slags ho siphanimeis arate ana Ines ao 8 para epi; te a= Inge ar thon autabo fr miceming, | rate 2.25 | Recommended ine thknesses (hme) | Pye ot Le Paper za andtno hres md | RATAD, Ao ‘acd A a A om |os 14 Medium broad 0 -====~ 0507 3 —— | 02s Fino ea 025 gon Freitas Fm 025/03 | easio7roase i maceasary wih restion ef zuce in view of patot clans = Reeemmendedt el sizes fr caudngs fn ea [ear [Sore ESTs reneri “= Fling instructions, Hf appropri , Sones So Boss fer ones len) 1 peter ner patungatcatmtaetet x | landares end qually specfioatlons have been observe. | Sacer ar tnt agate ees ee ass |e | ENCE eee ene eye noe “The figures in the above table are intended for general guidance, | evmamta) role carats sate ara mana vecawunnne Su ansuuniemnse recone pratioecScenorcinvoreeasnennam | SO tyetgstecs terre jo : oy { TTeAM ae TSCBT re)Ah cunmconny PR fF : ‘Organization unk dept. eto ; corms ace Table 627 | Paper size: AS. Fent sive Bid = hy 10} so RV 677e vpenteensaneen 6.090 ~" a Sener 11 craving conels of sever pager, 0.9. e611 decantation manu, nditorl Inlrmatan'sraqued, ee Secon 8 184.4 Toxt pan, dantiicatn of drawing ‘A deaing i a document wt se aid of when a station pat of an nso ‘oncmted. rust herefte chide oneatione ara dela showing Ia cote si Layout and dengn érawnge have be crounto acai, Petree scloe ae speciiog lus ad og. forthe oret n ofntabeon and vaage loves (Tab 6-2) 200~ CAE (computer aided angnearngh wih documants generated by comeuter Bo: farsa psc by pre Suchen 83am Saga, ‘ints, cazle tables: tree ° svans. weg ~ Drawing reeoaucton win hotomenes. = Computraded erotining (COM system) 7 Low-Voltage Installations 7A Suwitehgear apparatus AL, renova oneare mcs” | hota; ul 2Fm 308- ‘Gonnector 4 Loaabreak auton 5 Fusad swith-attconnator Meer water (molar 72.44 Low-voltage euttongaar to TEC 947 and DIN VDE 0880 ‘Asalecton othe apaleabinetadards or xtchgen apparatus a shown Table 7. “The abe tats the pare of EC Publeaten 947 andthe re esled pars of OIN VDE 0. The laeriacarranty being evan obig Ith ne wth EC.a | 7 Low-Voltage Installations | 74 switehgear apparatus Mi ui aye ae Hu We I nH Hn 3 i ~ CAE come od erga we cocumons apt ty comet = roan (oe Secion 62.3 0 trina gram. wing ge ad prota by pote. % anny = Drawing reoredueten wh photomaennes. 1 = Sumpter sed mierotring (COM Syston) ~ AD (compute ald cost and erating) wih awings produced by plot. ene EN eas on 2 ngs rosoed by 7A Lowsohage snttchgen to EC 847 and DI VDE 0860 [Aselection of the apeable atandards for schgen aparatusis shown in Table 74. “Treble tn para cl EC Pao 967 a cat pas ot DN YOE |) deo, atari exrenly berg revise to rng tin in wh TEC.“Table 7-4 shome Wo uation clagois for conectas aad contorming to EO |Table 72 Prater valve fo nominal cont vag wy ‘Se vetmge ac.votige eh 4 0105 m0 e027 Tan Pars of stndards IEC 647 and hottie DIN VDI 0860 fr ow vlage swichnear TEC DINVOROsee Pea Grcukirenkers| Load teak ewiches, connectors, ‘ehdecamneiors anne combination uote Contes and mor ters Elocvomochanial contol devices coral ches) 107 $02 200 00 na | | | | | | = Lites peak ehor-ceut cron ‘nth broker ert ating 200A rr ee TT CLI Fare 5 1) Typical esciiogram obtain when 2 symatica short-creut cent of 100.4 mms 1980 V 80 Me cos p= 0.15 is eruod: 1} binges of curent fatian by ckeulsoenkes, 1) Lita ahetcet cant (Cutoticuned, 2) Unauenced ar. crent cuon (rospectve short Curent) eo— oo Coutakers ao vided ino mouse ease and “abrook pos, senanding on | Caracas er consroston ° Corea are rmot-contoe sche wih rexaing foro wich we acid and The componente of rnsdescane" beso corn na cago tng (Galea Gronks tera ne te vcd cores op te Sat S20 es fr eu ecipnors nae tates condor, meh ora evra. “etree srettrntrs ates Wning ae A | cescor re netalvayssutabe forte sag neon onda rub receded crore Sy aprsedion dvs @ guns agar shor cul consucion,erubivenars ne ao casted aca the esd ne vice nes eacremsgnote operating mectrim, ere rn corte: ols ma cone, exo io canted acacia coon | Bes ron inp ino "camerttzaco boars ard "cron ier CConaeor re selected aootdng wo uilzation categories, Table 7.4, ‘curent The caren pas are arangedo thal aig he peaches ourenthe | ny zation stopover cntators to 1EG'47-4-1 (OIN VDE 0680 Pans 102 an 104) Toad epcatons Noninduvive or ighiy hducive loads Restonce ‘nemaees| Slgnng motors ating, pogo ans reversing? Squreage moto: sorng, connecting wie ‘idly used range for crcut brokers are shown in Tabla 7.3, Table73 Faiings of commen iow vag cei brakes Nominal Faied shor avait” Power far Noel aching opraters contnousbeakng caosoty see and mech (DIN VDE ‘omer seo Part) coy wnat ab arin a) 9 ‘e005 000 100 20000 © 000 100 zoo e000 250 z000 © S000 400 tocoo 5000 30 100 = S000 1000 ‘30003000, 1259 000 ano | 1600 200 +000, ' 2000 200 tan I 2600 Boo 1000, 300 vy agreement 000 by agranront i 3000 Dy ogrecmert 8200 By areemontTate 7-5 To prevent thermal overtoading of motors. contactors ara tted win current-dependert, ma Pekan dca epucs Seara sore ane oagenr eee | Rated meiingteating capacly, deena ond opening candions accrdng t the za catgoros (EC 047-44). eer ccraoren EC OA) vain TUR, ee aan erate oy Sta Thpahfum men ae ne ce eae rare sey nares | Rayo ie Ee Ss i ie 8 ‘3 is a £ ei eS é ee IS eB gs i ig os 8 ges ee 3 Se is wee ep oo Ie 8 8 geo 6B 8 ee 8 iy —— ire tei a % 8b i BR 3 8 i og Bt a5 a = cee aaa pos viene oa See 403 10 15 s i ea Boe 5 i on SB pin ees cohen { ¢ Tag eataen SSSR EAata Bc nao SERRE naeertinoe inane 75 pars Malin curen, Stated as de. al or symmewonitm.s a2. vabie: witha. ‘he peak aeymretiea ure cone her Permesive e-nay length efconral wimg er cantar ekg aking an booking cure ated wed. or ammoticl tm ac, valve Fated oporaing our footers SEE once et vane For cr tc Cn tea ot racer sonore crt coarse SUSE ss a y spescen - i i i iType A oie cada (2.9. capsctenee 02 nF) “ype 8: command gen hy btn swieh wih Pong contac Ihreo-iecabie (og casactaree? «02 = 04 WERT) ai gre Gres for actuating cnc es Pars Pemissioo one-way wing lngih or coniactr opening conto 00 a Examples Sonar contactor (Gat, « 500, 50H, ol U, = 220, 80H, Poworinpu of ol atin olng 9 VA. Holclng power af 01 22 VA, CCantrugusconmanavva wo-core cable Creat wth buon command nut witha capactance of 2 uFh, sndhotdig contac, Sh ine engi 7 8 ‘Tree core cate witha copootance of2 x02 Wri =04 uF, Tagine: 450m Motor eaters ‘Th tem motor starter covers al he devices neceecary for starting and stoping & ‘moter ogee with apenas overbad protec. “Tha tad eperatonalourent of a mesa stator doponds on te ated perazonal {tage fet nequency ta red diy, he uttetion entopony 1830 7-#) end oe ‘ype otenctesute. rer entigoaesonavatue (NI VOE 0660 Part 107) Discencecare Stree nda eral (eg shoes) condos © dtned ong Une ear Negglecurants ae o .capactve cures aecuring at bushings and busbars and ‘er hor eats, ad os the crn of volage anetorser ard ides ved or ‘neturing puposes, No percepts votage cfererce eestor examele, when ces votag roqlaors or ereut-reakere ae shunted oman Discenneclars can also have acesin mating ar breking capaci.Aawevtchdicemcty Pe Sone aan rho caver fh hie wh oe Secon texas The tn mayen eter eae may ee mec mee es vexoz, hers ma ecto cemuteeabon NESE Memebecentea eer tre ekg mac Aor th aich nt ot nen rear an ‘ating function. rea Dependent manual operation Cpertoecnten a b ner of dat pad han fo nh at lang hte: Seen Solan agree tron ‘Stig tsar seorrsiy eat Sa cng aiiaeiibanninieal on nee recuremer nic strength or desig” imps | Operatan/setuation eofaly by means of directly applied human effort up 10 & Mheshold Ug (DIN VOE O80 Part 107), ‘value beyond which an independent switching aperation is performed, unless the vas sononaenamn nea nome ‘A combination of a mechanical switching device and ona or more tunes forming w unit " SaaS een rg a Seen psn nre sry ny har wo SesieD seers atten es oPeeecatin wees a: Tint un eng ong eva oh | Sener dememcentne <1 reneged Decrrennng streamate oon seme prees anina | OPeatowadutonby ese cera dred necharm nr preraece cece FRSA pes eS once ne enor at Fo sateen Swine — Note: With this form cf operation/ackuntion distinctions are mace ws 10: lows ene ig sen gfe see. cian as The ‘ae of roma arcarant By BF as ese BTOTE ZS oD — Mutts ot Lp rated erect T= Fig. 740 Tipoing chances ofan ce, wit overcurent ap (FILS), been, a Renavastrete f= 10, 18,20, 25 and 32 A ‘Mtoe creut renee with etorantlcurant tmp (db), DIN VDE 0641 Pe 4 180%, eat 8D breaker ave combinations of sche wich automaticaly keconee the eeu um me apy Fie at aes vara oes crane mcr, > 7.14 Saectvty ‘Tees are usualy a nunber ct oerantpolecve devices between he owe ut Chand an lene! equpment equ prtecion agar ehort celts. These dovcoe ‘ust moped eelctvaly inorder 1 ret any au as lar as pots io to te feted art of apse Fu elect y sent: = routine curent phos must nol cause sconnection ‘nhen operating precy, oly ha pretctvedevienraarst othe fuk ithe eply = Zone of overcurrent: ong Wpping ines, eFectve range of thermal overeurent ~ Zone of emt ehor-creul cures: short ping tines, elective range of ciro- magnet lense = Zona of large shet-eut cunts: Wesng tne within one hatlave, efeive tanga of eurnt tan. Solecay tse / iso ‘0 "OD a spree, S00 Fig 71. : ‘Selec curant-rro cut of breaker /upstesm fs ‘yen combination, ey the exculeakor must pup tothe sorrel arent (tte breaking capacty. At ger show aeut utente fe fuse responds and ths Droskar opens at nooud (ee phase clon Solectycurentimting braakarupsteam Wise ‘ais arengemert, elect es fhe thermal though vale fy of Heche breaker lower tan he short rca value Ft ofthe fis. | Fip.7-12showa on nam ora igh cower veut breaker having an of upto 284A ‘arangod slctvey wna YOD Alves having an efupio 48a Evauaton of many 38Ifthe eas max. breszingcapacty of 10 FA, shootout eurents of more an | Tera muetba terug by re tse (back-up rotaior, This the cxae if no max {_ levhrough enetgy oft he smaller han ethrough anergy ofthe raat. The tcramclo owe tat rie purpore he age sa cb of 100 A. ‘Salectvy eurent-2ara cute renter /downsvoam tee—— a a Saigctty eure ckcut breaker cut neaker 72 Low-voltage awitehgear Installations and distribution boards Wt curentinting Stultreakers, elect gracgcanbe ached inthatobowing 7.2.4 Genera vey Lomotinge swtongear intalations ana detiouion doarde ae used fr power dt, = Seley by utoreloeue ‘vwton motor contol eares andas corbratons of ese. Tay conta enupmont 7 Selsiity by aut teclosuetme grated prterton, {ox protecing, swichng,cotvaringconzelng and mesaung, Oferen onsictons, ‘ut beth mods the por supp sri ierpted in he event ofa sor circu speay corn Caoprias, abe 7-18, ‘ith tne excepto of consumer unt, ll othar dstrbuion boat and swtcngsar ‘aaatone wll n tr be oovere by IEC Pubscaon 489 and OWN VDE 0860 Pat 500 adits oepocve pat. tlodkar eyes with standard base gié dimensions are widely aetblshed for frouning the spporetia In tarma of rautacurs and racial eonlderations these an nein en Ss = a = ort ‘Schon ond contetzerasaoristee (OA) t 1 { T ee |S |e ee seventeen emetic 4 Sin E- || Bec i ee T ae 1 eonr Sa en ilerteneeneneneaa emetmremese — ‘orent| (2 faltcurent(2=0"e) beige = 250°" 150 mn, and bo tet inmultad.| none: Suriace matted, fus-mounted, whut rm ‘The erpecturese lmts stated in OD VDE 0660 Par 200 are based onan ambient vivo * fo rio emevebe saver or winoux cer, IGepartir rac o ae hw mewn of 88 Or arte tmp | rereaei ovr or wth dor | Serer eue tr avin hr val atte ere! $a aortwon sats can nese met petons'@DIN «870 Pat 03,0 ii eatin ete cower uot 7.24 Modular antchgear syetoms Costecivosutcgoe sees clo den and production dmwngs of ince ‘Dain fe met moda whch ean be combined as necessary. Ts fi mansion appropiate te equpmert carer izes (DN 4 ae ‘dimonsons Elmar fede? sutehgoa yar ar sown 6. Pig 74 ‘hing otha ro samen coearm, ren patna amar paar analy acarget wh erg nnd Sa itbvon board wih cater ‘Sheatora To eneate the roquake to restance, artfore ava bevel ewe postions i canner encesue Sumer conparnent ana uanrsorparmet 723 Lowwoltage swttchgear assemble “Tea tre lvaage eechgosr assanbes covers af congratons wih rao Yotagesuna JD a. tage pio SO 100 Ve ref sral Ecioieblznew te deroaune ‘peeps wth tes ot at ea Seton nari en FT, mee eho SSitinvsttet ond owen oc ype and bie-ype avons oii two os uns Lonyotoe dtton tou i pana sf curet 9 {Sioa edtsty nan an mop srs Pe Tht oreo See Be dacanen canted wince soe | m1 | ' | | Sustain vents ae ae ern aa fr Te es |MNS modular low-vlioge switchgear 6ystom | [Connection to] sen ‘Connection to bay derbution bus Frade Pavone | Power feed || Poworteed || Motoioed | [Power as] | Powecteed || wots ieoa |[_OR/3# | j= s000A|| 0 12508 || tootsnw || corecton || tosaon || woaronw |[andlent wiozs |[upiots |[ upioa ]{ uptos6 ][ wptoas |[ o. soy omer fesds |} molor feeds moduies |],,0n/ 0 | erbay. || saan 125A || eacn 7 5KW | font 150 an | enon 454 || encn 20 kw | [tnd mac erbay || perbay |] perbay || perbay || — perboy "hua pee om spa Lowe sp ecA-@OMPO ' HIB Beal H Wi eg iit 2) ege]f /88|2 cogs HH tl a) Wi Fie) aula] yuill i post El? aoe! lortelaees, |x! HIE zn aeP/R ag] |fvane) (98 b/aRee) 8" ge] A i i a sel"|F F| [slewe| |aeié/aven) (FF 5 “44 'v 009 101 on s6upes won pour ax oy vo Bupudep ‘eau 00s 0 “ets mst) msgon oom way ws panoe™ eG wD “a poqraun a ueNEioge iv4 a: H | {—, eT TTS ny SY f SU Fens, $8 = Bustirs, VS = Diibuton bars pou Saaxaena peg eceeFig 720 Front vow of etilemin avout © | ets mosis aS ayoHeise G8] wah 8] Oenh ©) Sree see cubicles Dimeesons amen 8 § a 2 a & aos a 8 eGift 3 ‘iene 00] Wem 9 | ep ©) 0 = 350 0 a0, 20 sso_| 1725 Contre eystame for. awitengearIntaations ‘The partormance cf ow-veltage switchgear uses cnjuncon wh power stabs ‘jatem met” certo! cones ors comeintion of be Mo, canbe opiized whe im [The man vantages ore INSUM system nse: + High over sytem relay resting om ettmenitring components and pre ‘sey definae prterton eran + High system aval an att teting imine taut a he motor leesor ‘ta wn detaiedigleaon ef te cause ard bance the poreBPY tpravening uae + Reduend operating an malntengresecas oning to comprohorsve documentation “ureters, acoate nation of eorcng ror are ie sma umber of COM Donen sewed fo cover af the NSUM systems knatons. tre od ‘ABB WASTER ‘comer “ABB Poca Level rane a ne Be “ ry. is fea pS oe fem Fa 720 ee eat pte seco NSU“Te prclcton concept conforms to convertion, wed tchniqts. Al prtecton | The BAG sleo hasan itriaoe ter eeanectng & PC dng Pro\! user sohvae. A ‘crew tine 0G an tied oven 9 St Va sun SPY wh | gear ata oT PC on be neds en a gS ad Er thet wbostns notcon shoe lae spevaon’ Sumspeco os, bore ‘nendaon, end-port sopeniion, power lature supansion and eaviaut eu Seo to chorlcneng tage. “The subject of peleaton sng conta fr etcgea”nstaations end networks Is dea wen more uly in Caper a. 73 Selected tv. auitchgear applications “Tipping une ns *sEg 3 BB ‘soandi eyo deen ar 6 ig. 725 2 {ga fd ira epurea nemer pie err en, 8. het ely ‘ta non preston, rutin hace, cs T= 12 20 ant. | le mw greg oka ey Or — -— hot cue, ——— oakd curve, cures as etiple of ated mote Oren, ‘ten Sandy bower paseo ost wih mn Onapler 8, and 0a eat conadeed ‘tenons, pss, 8) Mpg omar ar he he} | Siew =a ‘Theta $5 arrangemertin sealed nye systom fr 3 pws lar coxmpesed Tobe 725 ‘88 poor rocuement as percentage cf main generator ring (acroxirash Power slant ype Fro Deset Gas une feombined oie ‘Steam, trodIn hye powar plants the einton sonicserequie ¢ = 3% bower depending on ype ard ne, Won! eth niu “Trevi ye protrn thu athgs > SOM. An ncieruptie 88 se ‘Epo aot an abeoe ocean. Abit eruption cpio afm mites coe ot ‘une the Urns top ot Deca he govera ol zoe ee he fed rom the ‘aon tae ort goveror aston hoe an ob accuTuetr Wn, ‘Neveroa, ancy power fettes (aunty a gel se or 3 ete! sul ore [Rreparate mecn-volage cetwek canna be arid sree be ergy uo a {opus above are taf or nl aon ene and Bower mun be secured ‘enero ‘An ex of me arangemanttor SS power suppies ne unttype hse plats se edn Po. 728 ‘ee racic tye satin sve owe spy aye st gem a4 “Tre genaraor ie eepttes fom the unit ansorme: by 9 ckeulbreakr ao tha the Zhrvees on sf bo supped va he Ulls S eanformer when te Lune (8 ehut ‘own. Slandy and eartup power gan be cbzaned om an external medlorcage Stroh ora lesel et by way of a atanyconnatad data cane, The loads ‘ro ruakenouwe requre a meour-rclage power apply Diesel power pants “Toe tar of ely year auch aa ue supply oF bao causes te gneratng ot {bin win a few second, Pecundancy wih auforaie wcion shea cecebnary botnfr ine euvlaes end tar ower tots. nthe cae of devel plant bring hea, ato, cities ened be proved for ewtching trom heavy 1 1h canal ot Hf the ral ere auppy ii, prevet be Peay ll tor fckeing and vo cogging epipes Ons line combined-cycle power pers In pure gas row pans. nro the haan te exnaun gatas ot ized ne [Se power cl reve when running sbout fhe ut akg. The allie 8 ‘evn aal eb arly votage lve can be dapansed wth. Ts ct 0 th {he sarng peer wre gas turbines fen nbs age wilowed arediur-votnge thpp): West used ee eering ayer vith ta Fequency change, wbich prowoe {he veiaba hequeneynecesnry for wartog. Unltype ayatam athe prefered arangerrent vem a stench ned tom another unit ‘re gorarl dibulon yar fed ham a eepwate relerk. On Beano raunds, Inn cos of combined-cycle plore, whe the erat om ages urine paren 0 [hontrecovery Solerto rate sear fora tea bine ate procartonct 8S power ‘ios to ome 3% Decauve othe edclonl bade the sleem ote cocing waar {oop and forthe son trnecgeramt in met Instances, thereore 8 recur ‘Voge leat ata requred a8—$—-— fervensin gor Mucear power pans ‘Tease dite tom covverona pats Sty nthe age ait recur. ard Ssimey ae rd oe ars He trina coe fnasx prs paren nc ore fhe ston ste ina undergone cues sane say esr os mga For exiting and. projected mucasr power pants, the orst ality with preseutzed water resctre hore has evclvedasandard slatonsanacse ayo whieh irctred a lowe: ois iypm arangarant wlth as ew terconnecsons as posibe bate ts four eu ee on cayenne prog rove rmponeris 679% Pe Tree 703 br a ween 928060 {oo eas of ach gereag int, aie: ang emt Pe rn oe ‘aer pomp (usualy »10 NYY fr @ ai tig of 1800 MW). Power mite geet tment wh ceca. “Tes tea no sep Fort oneatne ows sto, he epectv ashes ry rusee ‘eaineting counel KTA, tno rteror my BMI and tre rotor ext Fl he ir vp xing frequents Ha ated on orb ce ‘aired duplicator Yo epoctcatins Yar niaruptbis power supplies Yo Nia Combes nest end power tons ‘ite he station caves for ucts cow pars ao 1 age eet stan rad the rararable eae ol the $5 acives combined heat and power (CHP tations 6 isa wide varie Tha razon tha CHP statlone produce euch verse commer loco het. gl ne pow plans. onda of he SS tess gern wen tor products hee pony, Otherto arth lea ceuratances, rd wether he 2 to bge i ean fing us eo shu down safely “These, ast arpayed In goneaing tats for roving pow purposes fave vokagee of 1106” 220 V, while te nereasng Uso af Seat snaod ote ec iaab eaeco supa tay ore fed Wom te 190/220 ‘abn ore murwet tn wo fag 220V aaa Unt star and 24 V asa Duster eytam™ ferhigheroval conta iste), Rosurdarcy neads tobe proved nore 0 achive the recured rally. Pig. 7-28 shows @ ele fy fora redundant dc, eBiy ytor ft a verter “Techie note on bars ad rctiirs and also UPS systems ae 10 be fund In ‘Secion 18°, ich aso neva information on eyter deen, ‘Too oysters pow rs a ta ena a sored oy Ine grees oul) ronan ana the argercurber and ratings of he oss, or6. Noten on sytem desta Besides requrermants spect to each pant aa is generating Erocess, and 0 Tao {era canceringcalon, a grat rary pls have to De coniared when desaning ate 7.22 Molor peur in rlaon te 88 volage evel Motor goer nroafonte SSwotege ew Stating ans ll Dive Viorinal voiege Fated power 8M) = os nme fone wares ew fnvcnee Ook DTD OTE, 5 wens es0V er er ee woe aaoy et W207 8 Posting 400 <1 sfey 508 Un Sia? rowso ie Determining ne power requtarent ‘Same ofthe ceria tat nave Yo be consdored whan desgring station series im. ‘alains are summarzed blow Economy “Te eatonap between ochnoa conor mctor poner rain a8 9 vlage evel [isbowntr Tae? 22, dls nle eth staring cans encountered née pte fifo minum vokage on Sang and ot the puteut rt under load ve Ages to fe s0H oe Aunomate $8 power tanstor Rosati gially enhanced by aupcag pars ofan SS aytem, th pow SUPA ‘Erinsonce Aurorane tangle facies ar ect neoded to ansue rouse Fea ‘Sporon so guaeriae sero eau (eee deo Secon 152). Thar purse to Seine Os loads anotr power tes qui and as fo as paste wi Pee: fing ho naang of tie power pak. 38ee soap ‘Thefotoning iineon re made: Aol tes ‘orm ctr rot onsderdin deta here asthay ave fuly ated eewharsin Ps mons ‘See Chaptar onthe sujet of calodsteg he rinnur and reknun eke | Sensor design syst components Suh as wtchgearrialtens, BUR. ‘Smionng acparotun ard cable. natant anator inate of up 0.168. The retsing curon es to abet we the ron Tan The eft toe longer breaume the "open / cose" carrands a Sen Secuvty to the cteutaveatrs. Even 20, he vaio of he ‘ental votage lass an 1420, tor @ampe, i re Beate of also 5 votage ater share the changeover ot ma Use of 03% /MVA sjtom for xcuating sari dara, notek configuration and tech+ he ‘ig not ase url no voliago athe motor tomina san 10 Fel cit wih velerence' the ereut Murata. leea than 40% ofthe nominal vologe, The swihing ne Man lakes T= 2, arcthe | rclng cure §rughly 3-5 | Caeulatng the eacanoss (as Table 24) | 41-10% oy = 0022 %/VA STONY. SOOONVA Lengtne rnsor | oan xe ge = 0258/00 ‘ord rssur gpa oo he er one, bur ont. te = ggg - ase oun ts test wo testa meade mactoned rte ane Decoy aeesing ama ae ‘tsospred yen te ce of eaomate eating dees though aay be caledragd | Ny = sean Twa erie tans Inne cave of eto ater methods, tors loading one SS arsocras er | Volage topon 10 busbar ow Cirolsdby power sytens) ants avs he vkage open oan Lracooy ow "eX 100% pop ‘Yauo, tla commoa fo eloconrodt selacted ade and then slagger the subsequent e- Lewy a = 706% ‘sing sequence. US1782 D.C. Intallations fr raltway power supply Prine, reuters egort ye ad ao one ya a at entrain Wt act arent co, tho wage cop en a owe conduct having an Induce of 14 mth deleminad ni by the esetones. Te ne ag cers ta ome a xn 1% ev te nad vein te ser int Creag mode rots ein aay Fe {Se oxwo oy erage vtuga, Oa st cas have ier Dew ae floyd tude rating anergy bck it te oe ase se inthe cate ofc reba tetracki une ana rat conciar Mostalays have the Storis mus bau ceonectd fo woh. On caer rlvays ov cnanlraly {esha pose oovhe,aemndr oo at) eae of otter toroeGy1 4.99- Ug angina bg 138 Uy San amore fates nse ram anch oer pit th ar ino woos cf nu inca he are betwoon pias casts a constant volag tage on agering canbe led acorn tho nurber of ova oro (Suipmest inne out. Even fate aponing breakers ave belng devecooc wich n- (ion rh on sical clarentao proses by a cavacta. They reaare very reise seolale oaranice. ‘| $e pe ee Fo.731 —-— Having tippee, tho secon chow-teakor wl be rtosed aust, ater teat ‘Contin ceoranoe cline shor eit The lasts apoying vtage t2 the overhead ‘Struct wre ae repentad several nee at raral f somo gecor, fe tes cuent "belgie bya esis Design prince ofc, eveutbrecker URIB: + 81 and 2 Conductor bars, 9 Mung contac, ‘Blan cate.§ exancton charter, 6O= ihnlang late, 7 Metal pate, 8 Celog cot, 0 9 Contact pring, TO Autry swich 1 Oper ip soon, 12 Dect ovrcen! 100990, 1 {3iaeec overurani leas hansen =n. lak (ston proton [As wal as shore preecton, gach Bek eeton of conautr and supply cab fas aeons olay to protet aga! Getant faust cures of rich, pateuay inredies nstwors, can be erate han the sore cram, The cei for te > Power eabe ard conductor should seo be monitors tor emperors. Nowadays is Io dove nih the aid of meropeceesore which por Bh cord sks end ha ‘us pr'actonfaiong fh Bock siehing son. Incultion ute ne: swing staan “Thee re not nacasenly dtacad witha sine protective arn becouse te png renee medueotage beaters and goon reales ere no aaned. “Thea at to ways of protvig the system 268 aso Fi. 7.90: | Slandng the main arefores retire rece swichgeat on nsaton co ‘hat fuk cers ean spe cniy by wey of ear es, 2, Movrtng current relay nthe earth wes 8 3 0 detec ry faut sures. In tis case the protestion arangerert can take two terest forms: 2) The oath wires on 4c and do. iss ae conecid fo he ac. eat, wh ha ‘Edvantage a no lous voiages ean cnr Between he Ac eaupment ond ‘Saspment The volage betioon car ard wack earth (cand wie oral) Trust be mentored. oF 22 The onem wires ave connect onthe side tothe a cach and one ds. Sido tho wack enrth Pash ernts on recs. lbs large and sure to BO eters wits tho ourant ay te ert we. The sacvertage sa posstleapn 7.8 Marine sppieations for switchgear Gonertrequrorens as non ec poner yar fp tet 10 MW pose wo ‘nth low vlage by empoying means ferent Eaten, 209 Fl. 736 Lowvatag ayongearntalaions are deignadin accordarce win TEC 439.and OM ‘YOE‘G00 Part 8, For uso i mane copicaons, they mus iso como wih Ho | Spoctoatons ofthe sip cacsietion actie, no Table 7-23, Te 7.29, {Clason sodas | eronym Name of socley County | aes “Aroiean Bureau SBD Us av Bureau eras Fran Dw Det Norske Vartas Norway Gemaniscbe loys Germany Depending onthe power suo concep, th de. roa are aio provced wh sare nya Ragltr of Srosing {Unted Kingdom ‘set an sps brenkar Each secon encar can fs boca orp ta Pol feo Snow ond tance. The meltenaros Iara af ad down BO Stab § 67 Pegi alano Naval aly Regeter ofthe USSR” os US Gaast Guard Usa ° oom gona eR. dct of ABS undergo the bowing test spores by the clasiatensocioe: 1. Shor-cteu et or busbar sytem & 2 Rooper esr kenga eis Jess ahr opening ter 3. voraten ot " serge cama ie ore «Teagan spy na acne Mara agua atatons re ‘syst is used cet al urdarround valley eaten ‘lke suboct tthe rquremeris cm profescloal safer assocatons. us owsmc of marine sutchgoarinetsaions | very instalation fs egmeosed of free-standing switehgear cubicles. The oubices a7e | Grided no he lowing types azzeraing use: For vanepor purpases, panes me mounted ona cinmon beste 6 form stoi tots moamim m8 300 we “The cai of be indvidul panels contr toh clastioation coder, Gonorater sane! ‘The gover pra cera he gence, mamernionaré means) feonreh supervision an syneenizaton os “The generator progeton system SYNPOL® ~ shor cut prtnetion Salone elscanracion oa futy generator = Saran pr‘ecton = roverse power protection = Giaconnacton of oe-essetl seco on ovaroad “The feeder pane contain al he ee ans drewout protection ane ot! eam ant osesaary for supjeg power to te vrcus reaches, Whaler face end ‘rc reakers ave ute or precon purpose Is decided by the csi aque: ‘ments and wi daeuscafon soos" epueions, ‘Stoner pane, otr coal cont ICC) -Ametor conto! cee canting thr quent or tartng inv «combined ih panels of ofber pesto form a swtehing star Standalone MOO. Forest sew ot applstons, th nds star trawent 9. a8 “The APS syst work In conjunction wit the eeststarng ‘acy ang SYNPOL®. ‘Mon tie Jeneralig srs fo be euortaly connected and Gaconnecies ncorsng {Soner danora Te astm can be peratid om 8 paral wih th elodg Inst ‘ments ae ches: 1. Indleating instrument (0 ~ 100 6) 6 he etatve cutive output ofa et In creation 2. leatng Irtnanent (0 ~ 100) fr tho rltvecumave ouput oxen for one 28, Pty eequence smth 44. Sta | top fo selecting whe 8 ona-onginogonertar sets obo arad Up oF Inthe tere compete wad ef sprog, runing cost care sesandoriy to he cost (heap Bore e od co of 1072, tun ocourted for about 17% of lrg oom, “That savings in fel cost are rlovet nt only ee male eropusion machinery. but | Hite tangs socrcl sordoos i Mutated by te fact at fr a modu -zed {ettgeratedcoraner sip the aeesch ilcomes to abou 1. iin German mars ae RReductons In rineing cost of some 10% aro posstie by using vensledrosuanayne cg Peak short cuner tier re} 8 Medium-Voltage Installations. Mor power shi’ lectin aytams gives higher show crc zower, Ot re . eau ig hat he swchgaer's sr ret rng 6 pot slic io eet ret, 8.1 Switchgear apparatus ‘ment. dew ote suey Niher costo a mecm-etgo stor comaarsd ie ome: er re defn in Senton 10.1. ‘i ones low velage the far ore an iexconciveateetve to radi ‘The principal teenie toms relat to swtchgnar ave dered im Seton 10 ‘otage, Fore oper ple ote = ey, se also Section 8.5. 244 Dleconnsctors iscome dum tage ttaon arama oth te crac ype 2-0, ion mat be ald 1 tha pang meverert of the wong eo The cabele divendios, to eneure the requred clarence, Snochoer oe win kate amore req we Ewing AP _ “Sie Be aya im | og SEP wom of Td ool ogg SE TOT mrss Saad Gianna gy oeore om Vey oon HG soos Basi layout fof, tara 440 Vai’ ttl sion 1 Tsted exnnscion zone: irimum einrance according 19 IN VDE 010%, Tested Gamocton sone win < otay Peak she aon ite (tiie) 8 Medium-Voitage Installations 81 Swhtehgear apparatus “The pincipe tnctnoa tame eating igen are dina in Sect 10.1. 81.1 Diseonnaetors Disconnectors used medu-vatage talons are airy fhe ae contac pe {Fig 6), Soest sertion must be pdt te pvotng movement othe foiatng lakes whan decldng the cacle dines, to ensue to requred clearcoR. Swichgear euiles wth kve-sortact eecrnectars require more mounthg depth than bere ul) sean scores Fao oF Mogtunsotage kete-contect yQ Fa. 78t Basic yout or, tern # 440 Vships lactic! ata F.02 + sted connection zone: Minimum eearance accoriag to QIN VDE 0101. Tested cannseton zone win os8.42 Swltoneieconnectors ‘naka capaci an can hance a auto rou autering cpaon, Sto ‘omectors ae oncvtak swiches wit iste iedlangdstances” Fg. os ‘Stdodn ype snitch csecmnecter type P(A a} winout end 2) wen Bis asserly avleconiat emlctwoeconneciors (Fi. 6) and sen ype sun cesunnesors 1) Stord-onorgy mectariem. The syst ‘pring tor sparing. Dung te losing op [Gicted. Thu woe ory forthe epaning operation alae by naan ofa rage: tetipar Hv (HRC) he | Byineubete enagmasn crcut asker Acangeranta rearing ets): ‘) moored on swifacomecter (2) ncatiebasomantcorpetaent 0:14 HAG. fuse aks— Won aelectng fs teks for pestacthg hign-vage motos tet {he motes atrog cures and sarng tm, Tha teguney cf try aldered ti wo Pgh thal he snes canna ool down ra bebweos ‘ihoneeacing fe inks shou be rempeméaras that hace ar aval wth aad ‘elles and cron gredos tor Nee bases ot cet ees Currant capacty Teoeet Parmianle poeccn of tensors on the medun-vahege 60 (ceie foes "908 CEP) and en ha ew-itage ade Fates Transtowr tng UA) volage wy ‘eng tene cae he Serato mnt ge, wg ‘rma stan ey anes eos trash eco sanbreakers have @ nend-wound aping apart mechanism. Tensining wit) | Glutte motte also possi aa are acs fr api recaing and aoa vary ot i faleores Sercomecing storevauted curing rescon and fo deesy Garomnecing ‘aut ores. |store marutoctue forthe rates vokages and ourens shown in Tete 8:2. Tate 2 ated votags and om fr, rer. Fr higher centage he tra can be cornedd pale er ne Fates vatage ‘Rated curont w n A A 2 7 Py 1 % 1 2.54 ctr breakers ast 102) The pana swing intone are dose ‘Compared wih ririmum.o aeons, of ve cout ron Imporartadveriages of bly argly martenanco-eo a ‘raking capacity, 26 aca eves oraters Brcakers is tnd Typat VBL nd VO) have proved sr masts over many yor, [ABs vroatre ae svelte for ratnd or curers of up to 3180 A and aied thoreneul besdngcrrrte of upto 994A. Tho covac' arena vacur (10° Ba) Fesuting in sor coving Wave end ape feteraten of ler srengh On 48 ms), (har aevartages ede ragh emulate sorsnl shortcut arent tick woor duet rial smal are wrePoets ‘Seeton ough a vacuum snichng char barfor 1241250 825 8 Norra cmt 1) Font eB to vow Minimums ort beakers med votage w 30 72 2 Fated arent * = 350 280 formers upto ew 00 2000 000 (or captor up wer 2000 000 +4000feng re ee 82 Switchgear installations jane oa T sted imation lve er etattadeutcgaar asso. | 2: Detnkions, specications {Pom 1€G 694 (ON VDE 0670 Pat 6, ON VDE OB7O Pat 1004) Ras eagle wiht ate ‘ea “Toa twrm median voltage denotes the volage range between KV and: Swen] tage estate ovat canes Bem sneer arisen nfs votage raga are covered bythe feist pe femtone: EC Pubtonson 209 onuunetion wih EC Pubiatone 634 DIN We 06P0 Part, DIN VDE Ort ‘Chit conavuaton of bulngs for mediun-volage etaatons, ses Stn 4.6 For seecalerucutal equremants tere ae or secifcaons Yo observe, «9, ON (oe oF08:Steatutal aquremenss for places of acsbly awoon par uncer watage and tauren eso ans earthed par an a0 the layout ‘ot eccse ets and gergways e00 Secon 481 and 452). be castes so 35 Po “ poastle practon ne jected an tern are ton under eller candor, and eels. The elects oho tr fatto he entengearncalaton e2e 9.817) depend on ho nena ofthe, fzcurton andthe enced vai, ‘eon tho ary 4. velealy aang ction gauze nestor ao not \gnied by ine erisecn of ot pases, +, Roreortaly sranged colon gua reales ae nat igie, 8. noearh conacons are reered nator, ‘Arcus cn aes a8 reat of overvatiges, ‘ay naan oF near operation. ‘Tro archos atemparature ct naaty 4200 Kat is rot sali, a wo 10000 K atts ‘ance. Who shies, the ave heats he aureunsng a expoavey, ein 0 ony gh iemperatute an ends apa bis podices 8 cen postu, TMs pressure ‘woul! oach ne machaoial nit of he encom fsutnos” cles Wore No | Provided! wan sreseurorolot tere. These opon ar some 8-8 chs, and the over || prosere i vedo (9. 2-10) 361tet ker vecaskal | [ Ha Posse ‘stvessing of mating, vapor! gensmuarces > | Yaterdooe, || Emon ina a efengeten she toate, | | Buta Comecesns > | MORE || Line lcton Soonaee 7? | tegows. | | rage Foes Etec and posse consequences ofan ara fut, Fests Inancing the maximum prsaurs inchde the cubidle vou end the faut ubien Tha fat arangoment showin 19 2821829 Convertons! madtum-eltage suttongeerdestgn ‘Ametutenoeed cubis completly onloee in saa sheets. Such cuticles prove rer nan aaa condo wees neo rie anes 32 ysteme desebes onthe folowing pages, Lo, BCT. BC3, BCA and BD, i rad reitant ia aefality n oor ‘Makopocteetisg sch, Sur lease, onovohage release, ary sera, Se Thode armen ctf F213 ar Ed hn cus ade FRA Spear ett Oe BCD wn enero fy eso 2 AY ad ‘9 ont view Scetone:) awiteneconrector bay. 6) ewieh-dsconnectr Day wih RC. ise, ef sienent ransormar ctl roa‘00 yn cnr ON OECIE en OH — | Mistpaeen paren om autodata See ea ease area teetee often Tepe eat ae neat ear regan ow ev moon | sistance ve Ts 1 oe on Pyle 12 28 R 24 aa wat os clow wit Be a Oe | an a, Las cars oias came 8 I 2 2 | aetna det fk ek bee | gibt ! i / i ' : i i] de) ssa Nog 2) 88/8 8 g3s_ |e ¢ Wdlklas a4 | apace a z | Standard type BC 4 switchgoar cubicles, metstenclosed a) Modet DA with feeder Bel ge ales | pation Stade! B0 mata anceses nd sopopd comgarnens.4 system (coe babi): tant ange an bile dimensions mene 63 Filed Cuticle densions Height Dopth Wty votuge w ni “Swichgearcuscivs be BC 1 mith whistle cc eater ‘a operating poston, j linge poston} Sovce posi, euatgsa ‘ae 9 vojlon wih ta onceaed usar comparttors ‘eel te: Sega oic0 861 Faavaare ay aw Fat ea ce Satisoa Gaon fd ee cont Sizon” Sus Fas tscunet fas moe toa fd ante coro 3 Sm tet Pawctncice re eae Frnsaiginng wings us v2 Tony elisa aeigoerionamayuneavge RY tt vieo10 80 tn sarang ice amenone rae ¢ TOF ‘ape cals arensns i . L fore Sep wen Fk ie we ee - bk . om 7. . " 2009 000 . . . . 2 . 10 2 3 2 3 * 2000 om 3 : . . : 2 meen 731 pt ce Fast iave we » Fated cent wats ome rade cart Bae ‘coe fate rte sre) & 5 @ Pad Tacsigenngieanevecanewtngs Ws 8 ee Reinmetonma steed wae ‘= maeere 207281 tna ines cil ns fet ove mas = Ce Ste = | tian mk 4 2 oo amo . zm tom ta 310 » worm si . . tm 1200190 . usSipe gee nation ae ot wo Sac yee hose wih oot betas ana ese a9with salchefsccnveters. Canvaronal methods ato sk posominany used where | ‘hove is veety of sppareue (oroubakers, swlchetsconecors. hve. Nee, ‘menzurng farina, 2) CGasinsiated swinger Is tly capable of mesing users comands for mexmun Sale, igh rekabli,faw enaanance and euandng weal ~ aso rough ‘arounnga sed operating condor. Ge raat sin wih seo cecomecor 024 KY “Thera ea choloe of tw basally diarnt toms: ide-bpside cubes win separate 827 Front aw a) and ld view ofa ring emicngaer unt ype CTE + ” » hy ail f I Fa ose # os Frnt vw o sei 8 oa 4 4 Pe Comsat ater ype ASE ribwats Terma Sa of genet! vga th on cnet Tears 7 a ae | oe ‘Suer dnanions, pr by helgt 1640 nm, widh 56.me,deph 898 mm asin ston win cn breaker 24 KV ‘Tho ABB ganration of swiehgear wih cut breakers has the designator EMA. The fat Npe of gue ght Wetabancoeedsuichgear cd he seen Fs. “The acer asorbled svichgear is yoe-testedo mee he oquitrens of DIN VOE, (670 Par and IEG Publoaton 298 The naan edu sat. Tre oxgorg ade? 7s‘Thogoed ewtanbay wth conve busbar 2) Sit vim 8) nase rare » taco —~- Tabi a-14 “The generous cae terminal corona sll mass‘mpregated and XLPE cables #9 ‘ood wit ne difauy, Thee 75 ned ora seperate eae comparzen ‘Technical ta of EML engi phase metatencosed sulchper wih chat renker eee “Th on orion a the ub howe the operating mechani: actus by motor of Fated votsge wo 2 and) tp insrumnis fr montoing ges sonst, and te sytem fo! protection and aS Cent funcna, wtih ean alo be ataned io acerca cota sytem (uth as SCS od tihng puso wihetnd votape ‘oy er ybet2 “Te eee! datas erties I Table 15, sted ponestroquanoy wiht volage Rene mpoocarey rene o415 Fated share caer “oerncal dota of ype ZV 2 thee: phasertabecosed, SF sulted switcher uit ated babar cron ith eeu, for 08 KV ated oder cent eters FIO Fated votage Preten ase ate igrng isis vote, at 2 Preston as of parts 1 teow eqns om saya gn votage fe “— For te user, and compares wih conwortionalsaitchgear the EML syiem tae a ‘ine abeeger meget fen, cation ar epi. They mai hiner commercial tiene Cow cos compact, hn aati). 2 SiSatua non Gar to cienen wseaerastone, | | ra.095 Gass-insutated design with clrout-breakers for 36 | ‘Switchgear eubicts ype ZV 2 | 1 Busoarcompartant for aoe bs “To ganar arangomen an Ftnusedenchoss unt wal inetd oy 0 berarengenent Tatar oc ttemtecuntimcerpesetaccincomne | 3 Biba crywanat ag hucw ave gas prions en en 4 spparan mparmont wi vac ‘ croarbreser ml Sec conpermet th curant an“Though syems engloesring he sation can b8 Improved wth te at of « med- tmsrlage management eye ‘eroprocmssa ented ABE eanttal and management syst emstoy mxoprocesscr technology or doeen- ‘ralzed pocensing ofthe somaten by roars of Gavbuted Ieiigence’ Each [year once died no aay vel stasan level and a conte! vel (Fg. 8. ‘Attn cont ive, he data trom lowe eel te brought together so tat tat a ise ond manage the ero (attain, The monior rtanatorrers and a"8.3 Conneoting links for medium-voltage aubstations (8.3.1 Fully Inauloed trantormer tink 8 Cable prtecive cova‘Se insted busbar ae part of 4 deublesusborsecionalzes fr 98 HY mecaim oh age ateays I wor fot 1839 Capector-connoted busbar connection “a macnotage nalts van nah paar ins crm ‘2 3000 Aare dan a problem because the space recoe 9 High-Current Switchgear a 91 shows expe of unitconecad arangenents wih ante ists 53 sro erate sow tino re ing soo gear arstaicn TIERS trans on Dosis ener avery igh dope tet be sens ‘Shon torn ovate nt ver au “Geert orear alee wan conven naar power lsh ah Carts a catog quero oyu sly an aval [Eficlnt powerplant aout (parealy mcr paris) 1 Generator, 2 Generate breaker, 28 S:pole ganorator breaker fer swuching bonween Fl Inaer and generator made, 3 Mghichage croutereakey, 4 Mem Wansfomer, tauin aeecos nanstrmer, 6 Staring Wanstomer, 7 Stang mot ‘scat tata gonoratorvanstormer orn Salton series rato? ete etn geeceor = “The use of generator circut-neeakers must be conidered in the ‘iat stages Of piaey- TE Sone nT Gung Sst mux tho esau of me folonng rhe one 1) Space noodod for teaker Brearer dmeneiner phaso epacing (beewe minimum clearances: wanspot ‘oneee and Bpaoe fx manderiaea, exsarson of ar (esse wave wih Breer ‘ype OF. 1) Space noodod for auriares ‘Ne corsreseo lene (10~ 30 mfr ckeult rakes fyr@ 07) ‘Gootnm unt (On for ghar raed cures), Santo owe @5—8™5) ‘Fro wtaroe muse cate athe mmecat vein fhe brakes 6} Gs ecastucton requrements Fig tourna eacton frees wh breaker type DR maintenance pt onder OP, Err Freokers (80-1600 mm deep, accesso ing get ‘Tus in prota cases here can be ecorare ope ries orga ‘ABB cflers a chice of 8 types of ganertor brea, according to unt ata: SF treekers tyme HEand MG and alos beakers ype OF. leat tu on He ro power gant fe tanaormer oF evtehng ston se n rues power tasore Use in pape serge pos. Powerplant automaton aeg js 82 a8 G88) e8 g [® 88 88/88! /88 Septer ont mans doen semovaed i |* #8 22) 898/88 es8 § |* #8 se|gg' 88 5] er eeigg' |28 5 |* se #2] 88! 28 gis se seiggiies| a 58 g a a ee ay] gg! | ee ‘SF, gonerato bra ype HER 1 Garant ranstoxmo, 2 Bathing st, 9 Cru breaker, 4 Dsconrecay, ncosve “Ts consvction an dmersane of x HEK paso) generator crores ae shown iF 83, “Tebl 9-1 shows the principal een! dat ofthe HEWHEL ronge of goer breakers i i ! : i | 5 : fae . a ty A dR Aen e prt i ’ fel pun Te earzenter tn oem een tony oot APP iet Dvcasgaclomsmmcrcnts 26% ee Uae innate Hu Haaianlalee 08een (an) iw» ees "C} yam 3908 410 wo HERS} vaca sean ar 1320 ves FEC} 1000 cca aren v1 3 Sceeangts ener cantgeein 5 pda commu spt Fo.08 ‘SF generates brator pe HER wih oat. Canhig ach and cue trae enso0d version. 1 Gurent wastonmer, 2 Earting smich 3 Cveutévmater, 4 Srattr eoiating ‘meshaniem 8 Disconnect, GAY receive 7 Cameras, & Conte tamn core ooBreakar fie type ar nied fo unt ratings of bout 490-2000 MA and above Denson, weight nd beating cures of geetao breakers te DP ‘The DR beater wt apesod by comressod ar and noo‘tratos 9 separ wolamg (een 88), fampreseed ar ls proauned mn @sof-coaned oomprescr ston, 868 Secon 183 Type Wy hee Wiogr Rates treanna (om) ole) cute (a) ‘a 1000 settee 18, Z| section woh a greta oater dpe 0 98.. 2009 | 1 orantretar 2 inno dacomec, 3 dan canbe 4 Low om reer | ote tenn futon far ated aang coven, ig pac Sema to mows 92 High-current teolated phase busducts (generator busducts)(ey oo branch connections te talon serves vasformer,exciaon waionmerandvat Hgh-urrnt puedes hears have ea the flowing requremerte: Sommer cies ec este Adherent specited tomperatio lis, ~ Mourn andconnaeon otreasutng,egnting at protective deviestorcurent, — Novara a dom inte event Wear adore en “ saeco ser a chara sbength ra = instaition and conmecton of ating doves such Bx geeraor Drakes . ‘vent dsecnnocers end eating sutches, ‘Adequate magnate soreerng = Safeinedatlon te protecton apa overage, malice anc cortamiraton, = High-uront sutchgear mocha (or 958 turbine EOWwer plas) With genereor brake end al uttoes poe Seckon 32) i Tyee Upto about kA re penratorconnecton are ganar taped Ihe cra bsbors ‘Tho sinolst lm cosa of fat or U.oeeton alma o oper bar cometnes ‘bo tubes, tony AD. Exgosed fare are used ely mi el generator ings, case tin araa than has tobe chee On te har Ron, pacing he bor a.com | ton square stimu duet Ponsegregated pave bustue) potas Fm agelret ‘orlat and covtamlation Aiod protector provid by partons batwesn the praaee (copregiied pace Cuedue}us prevetngrhase-o-ohase she cts and ‘ecicing he darn ces. | Feats ABB Igh-crort busts ae ofthe elles phase type. Both he concur andthe E tncowure ranged concernaly round & so he form of azn bee and are Ineioted wom eaon ctor by sr ad mouldedrect neat (Fg 8-7) arn sinari vege jas aot “oes eye eae | | Shbektecekne roe cea s | etenserts saeeearean ote aac SS ‘gh cuent etehgoar stein: 1 Govan 2 Gere ne 9 Eating eutch wih sonore ‘ane “ab > yore escrau omnia eee POND OF YBeLeD RUE oo} = ‘ew anne tl sueogum 8 m0 pe age ON — "amc ene pan moo rumggeas oo PUR MD IEUSBE UeMPICI = | } “enpena wto pociadcou 6a URosimwaia UNS UEKI ASDUS- OFS — ‘use gona ap none ord pe og eRe) BuDCo FL iaK yA BZ YH ‘nog ny stanima 0)” 29 10 YH S560 ~ oo} SEENON & ehadD sodA JO weuE! UL ureresco ‘System slacson raieo8 ‘stam slacton alan elation to auto andvatage rata alg) Fated Conductor Enclose Cancer encore auton: Ga Bmn ai, mm tec pone-feouency wintand Rte fing pus wittand TypeHA TypeHa stage 0 (6 He tr, KV tage 12508 K0 ype peta, A onas ot a2 kT mak 2 10 — 400 50 Bo Tao 5 190 ao Ss ei TaD aD & be sso em 0 moO ee Cr ee ee Ce 2 4 = mo oo 100 10m 0 mm So Sows Se es as tO 80 1000 1050 1180 7 oO 10801160 1270 2 1am 1360 2 mm — — = ie tas mo = aso a 10 — > SiS tem "Note 1 Tee vatages Wo BINVDE 0111, Pat, Tao AEC 098, Tas 2 Vas in brackets ANSI C 37.23 Table 34, IEC 20, Append EE 8. Cootng ai lees ae rogud o cunts above 28 WA + Gurentcaryig eapactis at ambient emperature 40°C, conductor teenperture mex. 105 °C, enclosure ampere ma 20°C For mecharical anions, 48 Taba 97.{ures torte cooing sant. The sandr sium er pecoares at an blot fer tae pena Tana iSite Sots car gree O18 23 88 ‘pence am ct age 7 este poe he and ar hr chek Te om ao sae lan we eapechotonn ses 3 8 Sa we Semen acetowneed tegen oo fp to 53S % Smo me = oe 3 % - & jo ion i = = we a Sie eS 05% Sim ms off en oem fam ie > SM mo 28 eooort EBS ie Viele = = | Reker crit tte patna urn excep cams wich serena Saag area ened pen ncaa ney wae Taatertacugenatesom stgen won mi raven ern 423 onto iresene | Seetotemes. ‘he run anghcuen wd hs nd reer = tevnotnge ctr rah = Sane toe 23 = Spears onpeaae 2 eam Dllectiestength (ated power sraquescy a iting | Prey sacar 8 ee wh wars Dahan conduc: sd wndenay | ng wenteG, DE Voe ort ‘no tno BS a ANS coved he dares el | gram nid op en nda nace te arte Tab forand eneer terminals, Gong and Neh) rele washer arsure he MeOessery ‘The opmum and mes econcmicl chic of menacne and wal cknessa foraon. | cole reenue and 9 preva excessive hee d-, The cori sutaona are al Gustors and enclosure are word cut by computer on tre Dale ofa cols ternal | Vorcoted tha mur permite condor tempeaixe 89 waranis (EC én retwone He bust fly or paral acolo. te program aso prowtes decgn | ANSI Uorpermurecondions2s canting syn ‘Tre econo eating eka fo neny-cuertbusa based n ON YOE O44 Thsate sate Sr an rao ares oa 2G ANS BSS ‘Tatrom cpu ant cane cane cota fom rear, weer ‘Accoxting 1 IEC 865, OWN VOE 0108 the minimum earth bus ciosecton a Fate lige 98K Fatea frequency S00 He Crentionsng upto 18000 AO min, Clog and opening ime 4 e029) oak wt ourent 620 XA pt ‘Sho i ta carrert 94760 A 400 rr. ‘ig, 88 showe tre base dagyam of & Fe.99 “0s228 Alrpresauraccoling system Ratt can bw fbr enhanc by supyg be Stead orm pate prams of 603 ae ad 08 uae ony, eo frevestng conan Te ‘Gesonn Thess hes bear a va a get nowt dy do Sretarcororecar ert se to Selo fs Gangrene 93. High-currentswltengear module 1231 Appleton ndveriages ‘re hgh-curentswichgear made fe Rawal in @ cone, ere ch at Trout rock's volage Yanotomor, ao. ee ocled separate corparmers ‘The ody approach fr phere erkhgour hasbeen adel cy fo Guacusne andConbnederce poner pas re 1 chron every ad wen fos: kean ob aga or Kant goerng Pla. moe connection elraln busbar, contl pow and esting cables. 232 module layout “The mose cont tia towing components Surge enestrs win paratel capactor lo der overages coming fom natok. = staring dsconroter fr cutngin ara staring gsr while rnning up the as xe ‘ine st (generator es syatronous mot). = Conta cubide wih activo and recive porte mee, ol conto panel compte ‘win necesary oly, mes, contacts, ae. and toma! Becks. moon Cont Row dara or igure Specter aa oe . = Voltage transtormers withdravabie o fixed mounted, in separate compartments and rou) wi safety valves ove and Gecharge vate 2 a) it ard charge kes NA man Baldor. 6 Atenaive 8: emkop fam ean i yom i ody ve oa |9.39 Technica data, mensions weights Tr ie dno ke seu fad ara reuters nae wi co “The moddesconsirytion is subject tothe ofowing standards: 10: 296; 604 DINVDE —o10%; oF02: o108:0111 ans esrzas 934 constuction “The busbers are attached to moulded resin nsltors proving mechanics! supe ‘Wa penctaioe are ted wh mouded-rch tastings. “Apparatus coneons nthe cul-reaker for example, hava pressretded e2p- par exporson ape the conec auroces re svere. ‘The cre 2reator ls mound on a Wotey ands canbe Brought out the rate ot (rot aerdcng wore (Area needed esi module about x4.) [A redreuatng et condiner mnisire corctant condone isthe mad ous ‘AiSperanre rng 20 °C 0+ 48 °C), Controls by moana frosts, ‘An eloctc heating oytem prevents ny possi of conensation when the Unk 6 endow, ‘Conventional las are ue for cooling tw madi’ expen Alcorn a6 carwertetemmne cael cowol ror. The ctcuk breaker canbe trped ocly nan morse. Foote Higtcrvent sutengoor module fo an ABD ges ting 1 $F ceutreaker ype HEH, 2 Votege tanto, 3 Capoctrs a supe ar fear Conor cubic, & Al cocaner 6 Phare conduct, 7 Highcueant buwcuc, Eile ending 408ts aor eth e crt rents cn best om rome tel cose fr pratt npc tars ae commcacn 10 High-Voltage Apparatus ‘en rning aly, acess oss he breaker coun meshes stecon sane ! ‘a coe ie itage ea we secure th maga looks. These are lensed | ‘ny ahen bei okege aie Pas ben os ond gure fac saps | 101 Definitions and electrical characteristics for switchgear apparatua" | Olsconacors are mechanics emicting devins whieh inthe open pation prove an ‘oaing stance. They av ale open or rae a sci Wether a noghgbe carent 8 of soci eecic tenga gueae or Maude I the ching Geviss: a potocion fr people ans equipment ay ‘it saat specacontons are ter enteren muetbe Cea pers when he ‘ratening cea is ope, ‘Sivtt-iscomector are suche which othe open postion sty te aoiing = ‘ments spoePed fora dacoaraeta, 29 re chanical swtching devices for eating and shor-cretng Fone able wahstnd curens o n specie ira tee abel cor ‘ype yout ofa gas urine poet plant ' {Senrlon 2 Swichgens medic, 3 Muncie binducs, 4 Stator seniccs | Fuses re devonewrkity bo meting ot ne or ‘raatermey, § an varetoman 8 Pee wa | puree open the creuts in ubics they are Ieee by erptng te cat ens oxen ager vaun for 3 econ ng tie, Auary switches must be dasigned for @centnucus ouen of a se: 10 A and be she to mae and inarupt he caent In corwo heute, Datata must bo sated by re I's infomation ie rot avatane. ater ewtcres must be A210 iterup teat 2A ‘Naeem 80 (40a IEC S90.‘th a y-opeatod onto he ce trek {or purposes ofinspctn,matenaroe \Ynen ening normaly, acces is passe ent the reaker operating mech and he coe pane ‘dean ne ngvetag se ay sce it ees, Thee eine ‘ny ahen tn gh-vetege ce has teen lated andthe Generator has slopes Fi. 013 Tal layout ofa gating powerplant ‘tansormoy, Mam ranetomen Fie wa sop mere sien | 49 High-Voltage Apparatus 10.1 Definitions and electrical cheracteratcs for switchgear ‘apparatus? | Dlaonnectrs are echavicalsniching évese wren nthe open poston provide an bnotng distance. Trey ar ale wo aoen or dessa cru ether & noghgat Gorent ngeooeursir the voiage bemee” tarsi tthe || Swictes xe mechanical swtsting docs which net oly make cary and ner turanesaccuring under novel conan bth retwerk. Bat must so cay ft Speced ine, and pes maa, cunts ating Under dened etormal conens intra nawerk eg short ores). ‘8 nal rocuked lb caey nama sence Bran, | Mveunting switch may baw a sor-arcut making expec 1 Ganoratr, 2 Switchoesr media, 3 Mighcurant bucket, 4 Sto services | he moti ane r ore parts intended and designed or isn when thy are inertod by ftp the cued | hen i execs a pen val fo a eet engine. ‘Auxary sechos must bo designed or a centhuous cue of toast 10 A and bo ‘beta make and nerupt he curert neon ets Da ibe aed Oy te rmanutaare ns rot malate, say etches must B6 20 1 Sen Picea 044) 6 604600, «or“Swine eaacty Making oF breaking) unde asyehrancus condor’: Moking oF ‘bean capecty nnen syncreria i tar aber bowoo" th naberk sates Beto ant Sterna rcur-reaker under speited condone of applet and per fomance, ‘Namal curent:To cuenta he main cues path of siting cede can catty ‘Sontsucy under spaced exnditon ot apgletion ard pearance. Fat stendide the dosed pouton can carry for & spaced ahr tee und 22 Spphearon and perormance. For slarcarzed fated shi age. aod vatage: Top upper kit oe highest lige ofa two for whieh 3 Gove i damped For abide dad ato volage, S68 net age ‘Aophod volage: Tho wolage betwen te lermnste opel ota eicing deseo store nating of he crn ‘corer vag: The voboge apeaaring praes he terminals oF pola t= ewiing | ‘cove 8 ugar he cart serge. acters quart that ashing de The wheter eve mist 0 21008 Fated ting Ieee watstnd vakage, Tho peck value othe standard 1.250 ys ‘ate surge wich te naulaon of «dace ms hea, ‘on ate remark rated eneting mule wibstand votage reqaring he Bas test Fated srching init winstand vane: The peak value ofthe unizolar standard ‘25012500 ne stchng vokage erge whic he neon of eaves wiv a rated Vo ‘5m el S00 HV and above must wiht nectar, swiches, eerming oros-breakes forthe respecte ‘aoa votagos. nthe cos0 of eicle fa conducted acioas the contac veka nh open postion wih Ba |, 2) Upto 725KV one can choose betwee List | (ach covers eqamect in nonwork ‘Sd baal iatatations not connected to ove fad ines, or braugh ransformers) ot Eat2 mal mr oago5 oF creased Invala required ‘Ath ighervotage he rites valos are elcid to te are inow Bg FG Bl |pmargesy [|g 0) 081 ‘000: a 0780 30A NAPE 368 53101 BSE Gee pu siowessynons ‘eagayne aiRLaNae 10, Seen DSERPUTS des a8 ag 88 88 ont Vaan awl ne oven eee wie aan Dun or Ca neomaa meet cy eget Sal i desc ‘be 10-1 (Comeued) Fite in acts re pock values the power Fequency volageapped tothe apposite, { ausimoae Rac oorecwesiony nad Reet prsneua wid Rated wing epi wand (emia, age sae meee! wisn 2502 ee seege ares nae) f a i etary aearce ‘at anes ee : ow “, o. wa a, } 7 2 = a 6 @ 7 @ | = = = ‘5o wen me ry woe 18 ele i os ~ = ‘0 yom 4209 a0 cy money | ie Uist | © ey oo 120 10 480 100 wows | 185 setae 1H i = oo v0 tes tess ieaey 1050 18 son ‘so teeta tis 7 “ 1100 190 101 (499) 300 ss sooo 200 Boa) 1a Ia 1022 Disconnectors and earthing switches {Which typeof iscannetor to choo is larly determined by te tation layout, oe Section 1.3.3. Me ABB range of dacomecre covers il sorman seeing stan ‘anangeromt or 72.516 800 RV. 1280104000 Rand 6 10 160 A Ipak sb tes Seer 1024 Rotary alacomneciors “Te columa ran aleeernectrs *treqrea, enc ciseannetr pole can be equipped wih ne oo eating chi [eae Secon 102. Bath daconnecor and saring eich have an operating mechan'sr wha dead {carve ioce Ti prevents bam fem changing senece postion under exer Disconnect ane eating seh have separa operating eachanlems. One mecha: Fis operates the twos or fves-pole ros, the ew pole ota group elng Imechirioaly Inked bys eonnestng ed “The acluaing force tom the dive le arama to one rotting base, and tune Mt {Trough 90 dagous ie sare time ba ex oats tne second base. When open- ing ard closing, te roracte of be dconmectr both rtete and execula a allng ‘hoveron, so say brea oven sovere king To force che operating Mecham Patoedto the shat ote exPing smc. Wen the CconnedorOoves, te er tthe Sarbingewaeh vengs up and engages te eartyng cont on the sve ar. Three rotary cnconnecors ‘Tose clsconnctes ar usd may outa Europe, usual fr ono’ vokages, Com bared wh twoelimn sooner tay elzw solr delances between PhBses Sie igh sta taraial pat cate le fin contact asta.‘To ooo nef connec to ho tigh wage lamina one pean este, wach eeonmacor pola canbe euippes with aretryliner caring Ewin 1th atached oar esting for anamting She actuating fe rom he ‘och w te gearbox fe Tastored to the “The paniogteph aasambiy is a welded mura consuucton the samo foal ows pia peah eure of 2008) wei Is lad and pinned he perograph shat nthe gcrbox. Ts uti hus unatioto ct. ale enauos content high coral oes ire sawoen ine uoper end ofthe pantograph ams end tha erup contact. The ortact pressure of 70-150 kp (aecarang 0 deslan) ra ory qurareesefficnt ‘hon ante, bat lo helps brea even saver lang. Contact beweon he gear~ ‘Sovand the partgrapn are end aso om he lover to the uoper ars rowed by ‘ove, ml layer rk cf sverconed oppor ep or aed roar cots. “The conic! brs a the top oft ame an ls he suspended contac aro vr Fated ceooer ov vin an Fay of Tir-usty aver for heavy eyo spect casas, rtd nn ets St ena ose et and og seg Inwe Disconesrs for high shor-et ures havo a damp doi bebwesn he arm [Bis in tho Gosed postion hese tte ctarc beeen te to as, 30 prevet- [Rg ary raducoon mcontetprsaure ana derpag any vbrlon othe conta arms ‘aud bya phet-veut cert Single-clunn coconnocors have m dad.cant Inarcc nthegoarbox. ro thet no ‘lon cannot sor sponansouay The etn Ie rotaed even the roan aUltor hse gearbox mechanical stn the factory, $0 retion ee. ‘Acompensetng spring i the guarbox ates the actuaig force on doting. whe on ‘Spening trans ta srs gery othe fides posion. ‘Special versions ofthe singe cour connect have boon in uke formary Yee Fghevotage occur FVD) Initio. ach acanoetr poe has own erating mechan. ‘wher ho clscamactt cles the patonranh cms execute wide caching mover Tnevt andso aro ae fo engage the wuapended coal. wero ars caused 10 trove by weather condlions ° Suspended corte fo commuting curent swchitg wth srgie-clamn ‘connectors aswo Sine on opie se duran on average ists ony about 25m wer ce snap ‘ove! stem a seg ad the cron sly erupted before separation of he {tesennesoreotet by. By separating hein ara au corac esters 0 or (ave ere donine rar inthe even of faut. Sron-crcat eating hs deme tod aninzlee afar stangh of 200 KA Each svching stom ean perarm at 120 anc eyes wh common Curetso upto 1800 Aand conan 10323 Twosolumn vrlea! cantre-reak dacennectors ‘As cpoating vag sam, he arg cating detarens noes org contact sm ‘Fea verial ane bros lesometr wih wo pice core asta volages = A004 wo poineustor corn ate mourtod on ame. A rove waht cones ara sd he highotage termi Either side of he eecannactar can be ited 2s regskod wih lay ner eating fich, ore Serion 1024. The sahing contacts ere meutedon anor betwean ost dar ae he geaibow‘Two types aro avobbia, 10 meet erent canoes. a) verteab rach earhiog [Deeohco oom rated voiagen ad peak crn) roiansnea’eahing awe for igor vdlages ard peak currant, The Poreoes la >the oelgn of he Sorat (Mchonisr anehance In tba ravemert executed byte oct rang mechani t gery routed rect on the baste of he ning bnch However daconrecor sfusteg wal ote OW"d, 0 zoo have tha open echerlam pollaned wile cases The Ba ross, Emergery anu operon care aU Tal oro ang i ¢ i i z 4 2 t i 2 | i 3 i § “To preven: maloperain the operating mechanisms of acomnecors end sarting Trerlcres rela to ach eho: atorend ayer een a0 fan ago 20 elope or and carting ewienes have a dend-cotty on cant hunge spontaneously sro" ertere a0“Thay aro designed or bath indo utr neater Acotcng to thek owing faneton er appleaton a dancin sade between ‘Aso used ere swtsh-lacoonecore whieh nthe apen postion have t ity the so Fating tequitemects specie or disconnect. Hewes are increas berg usd in GIS atasatons so Section 11.2 ~_ 104 Cheulbbreakers: 10.61. Function, ratings, nelection vonage chou techers ae machanial authing devin. abe fo re con ‘Boat cary and nsrpt cunts der nema cro eandens and 0 01 & Tinted ine sur tora ea eonations shor: oul. Crur-breskers ae lod for Syacing over Ines, cabo breches,tansiomos, rear ole and apacore Thy ec aio vag nbs an soon nmulipl-bu bor etn ‘So 'het poe ean be anaes tom ore bu br tothe or ‘Specialy designed breskera are vac for specie dues auch a ray, wher bast Hy netwons thoy hee to axing ongerbureing eres Oonger hl av) ‘cea fuse wi meting nace operate Kequenty and s0raqure smal sus. ling foros ad ower Grainy capacy. They Tato experenee ess weer, deans = saieing exc paride operational and matic ond ‘aed valve can be elec wth the a of Tables 102 end 102, ‘nprtnt national and erations! senders: 427 “0670 Pat 108." Sybele teeing 960570 pet 1000 Common clases for HV sulchgear and comralgoar 73 Appeals cute [re Apeicaton gue fr Wansertrocovry vane ‘37012 1979 Conastance cvren switching eoga09a rate 102 rte 0 “Table for coordinating cated values of circult-breakers Wo IEC $8 and OIN VDE 0670 ‘Tati fr coordinating ated vain of ecu braakrs to ANSI © 87.06-1879 Ponte Tae Worn fee tonciant Pamdeures — Tile Metis League! ated = Rated ated normal current we Ww wary A Oe. Sa on cre ee Ti wo ‘ ons # 2600 wees a is 1a 2 120 10 2000 S reo 2000 s0%0 2 12> leo bow 8 3a & oe = is = Tm is gs 3S 1600 2009. 30n0 3 20 ® 38 3000 2 2 s 3m his & ary poe 3 2 313 wes, mm = 3150 31, 1 FA 2100 170 ‘e20 cd 2000 a as Taio 2099 20% 3 3 Sees é 30m s Bw = a Ton 3069 ar te 2, a8 mea 2008 ae 2 Bom 3190 ieee s few tee mse te Sod xu so best 2, 20 10-0 dws tm bal Geog of. crastteakan te man baton 8 gam ane EOS cers ear nbn wright aac ara reo er coteig mem ese pron Tw sre farang =e Som ee acta apo as vor sconce sates a =, 20m Sean eres siee tree iomas hone onetrseages om a tao 2% Whoop aos Ota Sion 1388 gn canoe ator sdb tages 13004 ad sng ett ory To 0 Sot ceee conte reman ee coved ar hape seers woeoiae Bs 1S 333 Ronn ings teipe caste sates ner even = 0 Me UP 3 i3e dao Be ee vos te Ay toe wo chas orhhr vlogs 2 30m we tase urborl urine winnie toa =e om rorteton vlogs sere plaza ec 9 sera sted Se taten ot Sescpat Snare sia sep ool saab nee Som ase ma Stet te cpl etna evpyed stage 8 Wd hove. HV creutbrogers ean seo be mourted on keys wit sprocket ype oat ‘thea Pi. 108 shows Gea plea ore ABB ange of door ros reekars a «a§ Passa ated vonage” 1 15 22570 vai | ae | 25 | 245007 ‘sed shor deat gononctaat | ats “0 as ” | # sao ‘Breaker anger ype rss) | pcas | eDrsvay Lepr | HPLoF [eurapaal cLrorez vente | tomte a Fa. 108 ‘AB cutcon euivenkrs, seletes scampi, fr 12910 SOD, B fo IB20 B00 KY Fig 1088) soa yeltage 2 2020 50 ‘aed short ore reoking coment a i gs ‘reser sarangement Type woee | are sa | siFsp 72 Er SeTs PLB ca ae sr10.43 Interrupting prncple and severe stehing conattions “Tne arcetneion prosaes can tke io basic for Diect-cument ereton Fi. 10 * . aw Fe 10-1 Recovery votage U whan inomuptng 8) inductive oad, ) rosin lwd, 6 copa ve bad ad serSevers een condone ge epensing an thor sation, eeu brakees nave to cope wih vat of nator ‘ich hen pone Steer egttamanes oho Doak, Component of somo 40-50 oust opeing tines of mea Sf for beater. ‘Shot sno taut, Fg 10-19 Fg 102 Trina ft 2} sinpied equities 8) curves of recovery wolage U, sid shor. cra 1 ine, 2 Santon shape of, ‘Outorgmase eating Fi. 10-14 “ast cheuts are sf under cacvaion at TEC ans ON VDE becuse mo ovavat ges depend very rach onthe pave Prosories of ne ute ad. Fig 10-415“The oscborim of a CLOSE and OPEN aperaton in Fp 10-88) shows ho charac- ‘ans deta cating a breaker at 100 ornate. 1018) sows the asic layout ofa ants Gel: tesing crouknrener. | peace ea co sre Inaiewe aut, seo Fa 10-17 Greuttreakers Yor high votages and yi Ve ar \ or 079 tee tape S00 im wo UP chou cieut | Hage ceut i Fa. 1018 1 Osage ofa CO aperaon tak ts, 14 (V5) ose command a open CeneE tub slays ogee fe @ BRD cura agrewret Sam Tv vrata sted ee (60 ng) B WED contac Poet 10-17 2USHUNT curent ttestedOrothar 45 HA gy FODEDK 75 yy) Contact streso when conn ecting an | winvewce ‘ 2 | 2) Testcheut euporosed votages). @ generator, MS main beaks: OSY oteigd- esha b) without rearing ee may bag Oc ty wet Ste csi Sy Oy Pat 480 camponenisefranet ect “110:64 Quenching matte and operating principle ter ton) pine Fig 10-19 shows the mrangarént od operaing pce a 8 puteyre edintion ‘auinber The arincion ur cones of e xed cota cd the osng contr! wh ) The goneral cece baa ofthe mating raia $F gos a ite ‘Compared wih be puller rnin, the seit method requeos only about 20 % of ‘Pe aching energy rte same breaker paorrarce dala. The opsrabenal benetts Ineude coma érving mackie, loss mechancal fess on 1 9am SF & ‘whole, smaller dynam loaangs one Feurdatons, ver 0086 teva an gener Irgrove otbiy. compressed a (2) ane of a atrosphor pros ‘rose ane ro dance between hp batweon Wlemal and extaraloe pe Fg, 10:22 shows to grocers switching capacty ofthe exincion chambers sodtintna | YOAS Operating mechanism and contol ‘A sere of SF Door obese. Coperatog macrankoms fr ek beakere consi olan energy storage unt, conta (it anda power rararfter unk The slorage unt uct be ab 0 Supe asthe ergy or erecting an autreions cle. ‘Spring poreredeperating mechanism “Tne sping operated mechanism sa mechanical yom n which energy tre by 2 ‘ower apg Te apn stnwanodwthan elec to and he radyby een ‘Srangemont nen te reser tip, amagnaeleass ha tc andthe fore of th ‘cig mused fo mane the contacts Dy way of mecarical power vena uri Fig. 1029 shows font en io lows ofan ABB sping operating machoniam for SF ‘utdorerost reser on Fa. 1029 Fran ew a) and sise view 0) ofa saring powered operating mecha 1 Opeeing r08, 2 Operating arm 3 Aunty ach, 4 Coto! ech CLOSEFEN, | Steer awich location, 6 intros fishes, 7 Clam spng. 8 idesing {amp 8 Mar Booking awich ‘Preumatie operag mechanism “Te pneumatic macharien uses comprossod a stood in a eco mounted rectly nino breaker. Solero ves alow te comessed alo ass othe actual or (on claing) ox fo amosphre fon sparing) The areca” eponished By ‘means oa compressor ui yea opomting mechanism “Te tyaraule machanem hat a nitogen accumulator fr song the requ enery. “Resanon of corgrestedntvogon srr prosare on he tara of, Te power 1 ‘nouare tha omits vasrated by uty pon 495Fg 10-26 Section trough yc spring operating mechani fr SF set bist reok os 1 Sorings, 2 Spsog pon, 3 Actatingeyinde, 4 Piston rod, § Measuring connection, | 8 Di tier annocton, 7 Pump tec, 8 Pur dive stun, 9 Pug ut Soca AB ghhags srs os sexzond hhc rng oF _mechanisms or spring-Dowered mechanisms, ‘nr " “ | twee pas ore mecha freenpe su recs An pur cool ‘An: purpig corto provers posi, undosied operation fore ot more breakers {on exatng OPEN comand Ie fotbived by tepoate’ CLOSE command. The breaker trust then cose ro more than once flawed by Iekout, te, mut ey he OPEN Dosen regrdloee of what’ cone cararse are appt for hw long Nom sip motor peraton ‘Depending on he aytam design andthe swing cyl ered. he pum or con (rector tezarene ceri sme reser be energy exoenae, theres aad ne ressre sytem no mete as re een rus continous. Non-stop running is (orpotod ae a dstrbanoe and wnat, SF yges montoring “Ta breching capacity of @erevtbraker depends cn the density of ho gon he + routing evans, ad the is megbured wih a terparaure-comperstiod presare {uuge. Aa iam gen the ge Sony tals prvet va, and tals tater { pected mnmmom io breaker locked. oeatiramoi comet “To alow work tebe cong on tre treaket,t can usualy be cota om the local ‘obide: convel canbe ao a rmot toca! by moan cha eli such ‘Energy monting vin ereumatc and tural eoatatng mechanisms the a oro resure fs mek {Bred ane consoled by 2 mulpoe pressure swech. This pero the allowing no tons conto a ereseo oF pump mole ~ trick OPEN, ntatock CLOSE, tock ALTO-RECLOSE, pending 0% aa ing nechales do nt rogue pees corto. stead, a gta ator. Corte te tension othe srngs Seng travel a a eas of he orAececosure sument traneformers for ewitchgear installations ‘Single oF tree-poleaito elosure i sci according io ho Kn of aye sah {he ext of retort inercarnecion, the lengh ole ines snr asin of need ort, Tang corimanda Fm te naan protector system (ove Decocngjy eves cerney fr Ue reerecive ‘olage vanetormerscporte a oleas. Panay and frcondary eee aya recon agopendent and insted from each Sor a requ bythe opetatng volage. Pom 110 XV upwards nsrument ene formers are ten made as combined current and vokagewasiomvers. 40.51 Definitions ans eleties| quanttios rent wanslormere are aod ether for measrng purposes when comnected 16 oui wena etre ard re ke, ofr gration papoose, ie eae felsconnacid te potaive dedces. rent ransfomets ae chided int oases according ote accuracy of mt fhe summarized n Tae 10-4 : i i Teale sharon possbio aug ire. | ania 1044 Appleton and clasts of nseument vatormers Aplcaten| Wor eC ANSI ass i | ret Buran tho impedance of he secondary ait preted interns ol ts hedus land goer factor sf Fated burden ee Burdon to which speecatons regarding evar ian oar Rated evil fhe apparent power VA a vted soconcary crrant and rled en } | ~ Ecrron ori th dovaton in pt eet the secondary euro, mud by the ‘min! anatormason rato, Hon Ws rary cre «0rath ige-grage cova magna Tew coves ae made of iceron ‘gfeeloy nekatton Fig. 1025 shown ne ragrotzng curves of oerant core mae ‘ers. n spel cae coves vith an gep ave Leen orcer to uence tw core Denaviow he event of rans Fig 1028 Magraizing curves of citsent core vas ‘mately. Melo! ¥ used mata for ‘moaning cores, end mate 8 for protection cores Hsettsrangh, 8 Bm, howovar, % ge 8 arte nna ere pata eaten tana hea Rae ee entoettare arse geet ae ¢ ¢ 3 — | Seto é 2 8 =e |. Seteecteaa wine carota vanes ne else ome fh orm 3 a zg = 7 | ters tocated at oth sealing ends (see IEC 90). _ _ 1 Surge countars can be used t monitor Fghining arresters. These are connected in the oe oO 0 = = ‘gart-wre of the arrester; the arresters mus! then be insulated against earth. fa s a 8 g 3s * gz 8 s g 2 SF a m = s BS Bo: s Boo: goof LUghning atetare ave Fd in pr! wih the eBjct potcte, general betweon ‘hase and aah Gachuse oh raed optal potato zane, ha aretors must be mnnocts a close a8 pestle othe protected om, 0.9 a Yanetome i ‘Approximate gre oth pctncted zon are shown Table 105. 1 i I8 woe 1142 Chreult coniguitions fr highs and medlur-votage svvtchgear Insta flor re oe (ovemnedby apart cnaerations Whether gia elie bua are neces. say Br. : bara of he state fr purpove of doarng and mahtonance and ale ol re eran nen caning up a single tne dgrar a peat numberof posse combinations of incening ond ogra connection Rave to Bo canaiceted The mos. carmen anes se sewn inthe own diagrams. SE Sa rene ee ee ae commen crt conputins Timcniiurae onicsnenrmeseem case ssetncnney | “YY yy Sevens Epo liclnee corgi emptor umber air haters, Ase Sekt otic dretowen cere. metemenne a t { \ Merson oe fe ace ober Sores on eee ‘Sutsiger instore can bo ences indoor Ingatalnshave the mporantadvariage oak by polton ad emionmantl aces ute busters Proared fr fargerinstalions, Advan tages: leaning ond mantnance witout Ingeruptng supp. Separate talon secs porate torn bus i. Busbar pectonsng ieroares Stora tecoy z Coon eatig ttre rt al tape a a 0781 They 3 Cetera ptm tc ctecamy es otc mueah ee Se Seige PDS mete os edo enh, | Dewees crecn oh Lowes, picnagvng anangerent er ‘Sant ts Ser rd “cers ong oh nh so ad pera AE Sato “sometime and brveage buscar ard’ verey of suuiaysarvsea Tease | =f] | [Spee anehsstoboh sites AMR ayee tenes trite van oye pening on ha intereedplart sh, the consructon oa swtchgerrsatabon rustSap, aows a cewcur creat | saeco may tie pe ‘eve Busnes wih sunt aisconnactor ‘Sunt dezonnecor “U" can aaconnact (ech branch wou spt eto, ‘nahuet operation ete nratr ae as {he ranch eroutoreaer, eget mes ytd wt Grates snc deere we~ ‘sree tos apes stato Suton mo ‘And B «Min anofortr ston, C= Load cete substation, C= Creutbeaka: or (aad decanecta, Jha use of fed acomectos iatead of ecureaicrs im60968 | + pusbar dacunnoctr, 2 Cioubbreakw, 3 Load disconnect, 4 Qvrhencne or Gabte bench, 8 Tanstomor brnan, 6 Branch disconnect, 7 Ewing ewth, 2B Suge arester 2) ranch wath toting conn ecmeston wit a Statonary earting ewiches 7 ara made necesan Dy the Increase i Shere Geinioates os conection 8 Poware tnd fninpedmrctte jem) ear uk curent, 2) Ranstornororavchos dw carne con wun 2 pee win aro nce beam terme a daemon be sands ose For rater Wo ‘sarong sw ie ecormmonde 1 Doves brarahes eae Froelit i Ve F | sormcim entero BR Caving ei 7 ea cape ots 94 ovebe Plot eo ‘Sranltt rence ses ‘Doub branahos forte pate fader are gerald wih branch cacomectors ‘Regma esta connec Spo ring main catia at Rinstowimiscssens —eanmacice ‘eee 6 Jaloadcarivasubsetlons, by rating led escarhocors itl posible iocurnect at crocs [Se dsoennee and ass trough comes, arches 4 and 5. a5: Vl. : a nate tad waresmnt peers : | foe cro covet ge : , : : qe anos= : ae rata Y L woogie ne ooo Eee i i =e 2 ‘Bus eauptng MN tr Aor Section coupling for 8, ‘Bypass coustrg Wu ‘Bus cous Ui vn Lt bypass US) for ore ‘Bypasecouping A Vit fo bypac, ‘Bypass counting By ayzase ve Lr 11.2 SF, gaensulated ewitohgoar (GIS) 12:8 Gonerat “Te proc age of GS sured in Tae 14, Main tchrica data of GS product rang rom 7.210800 KY aoe 1 | | aut as weanenw tom m0 mim Ky Mmo-ReWY Bese “avin ‘ane ext Teoly mnssecoW tos sconw es es0ny 800200087 ‘soreem mk nomitoA_ setiOOD em sto ee 38 sna af 3232yf fo Fg th si sgam of pure $F, 988 THRE OSA 8 VE ‘The gs pneu moses ne nv ene georges aie | inoaewpae | : i i Bee 3888 3 28 898 Fo 2 Convaision of wale vapour content + 1120 aistorsate725 Kv SF, sumengoar ype ENK2 Fig. 113 enone th bay stangemert of an iratalolon wih double Eusbars: wih & ‘ote ingot he btm at sorted "7 © bo ' = _ Se Fes ‘SE cinsatedswtchgea pe ENC? fr 72.5 KV with dole busbar: 2) Croxt iaga, b) Front ow of etic) Section ofan egaing cat fod 4 Gomparment Yor buscar system |.” 2 Comparment for busbar system f 2 Gheattoreatar and branch conpantem, 4 Cable carparimont 8 Low vokap®“Te motortven connector reo the etary thee postion Woe, ‘The crcul-ronkerhas a apna rowed cperating mecranlom srw the sal ast prin ‘The ar-queching gas comparnenss of the t88 oroulboaker gales are ne comected ans segregated rm the ssthg es comparerent The marca prossisg | ‘tba mentored oy cara ‘The caren vanstorere ae ofthe ‘Toe indole vag re ‘lta @ messureg winding, and an opan de abla estg wit dc. votage Di voage tandem ‘The sal morsions sow hs fly assemble, factory ese feeder cubes. canbe transport by lr Afri nck thats needed pasion and cont ibeb aye a to hah tgs fk ase 1124 Gis tor725 10 800K | Sr amerges ype BK ‘combing to aru componaris ofa made sae ls pons to caveme sth "eginsalatons fra ho Bets dou coniguraons in Sacton 1112, They ere us ‘ile fo mac every nyt requrenerk ‘taist ine uor elements, Win mixer medeaione GIS apprahe coh als Be Inatated uscoors Comeonents ‘The busbers ae sog-ogted ty barr insulator at each bey, a frm aur wh he tusber decennoeters and te mantananceeothing ewichon 1 acompreseion (puter break. ne mecnalcl exergy of he opening mechanism 'sutlzec to generate re ges steam, Tho sol-Bae breior, on ths oer Nan, Uses "he thermal energy of are Rs. TNS aves up 80 % ole ragured acing ney. nd cles. hey are able to dee on aha orol surtents and cary hem or ha ‘ino. Thay al work onthe snglesreeste pur pina and avo 8 motor EN sping operating mechs. ‘The curontranstemers for measuring and protection parpoese ae cf he tora are ype ad can be eanged vere oF ato" to teat beaker, depending on he protection concept, Pamary insulation i powded by SF, 908, 50 ae roselare 'O agen. \orage ranatomers for measurement and potactin can bo equiped onthe eecan- ‘dary side wit wo easing Wicnge ann open doa wing or detect ear tuts. Inouetve vetage transfers are contained in @ housing fed wen SF, $88. Fol: ‘resid vag vaneformrs ar usd, wih SF, 8 'he main naulaon a8F115 ‘9, GIS fer $29 17ORY, sein rough 2s, dove busbars and cable branch 1 Busher wi combined dsconnector/maitenance eating switch, 2 Creu taker, Cuaron tanstomer, 4 Voge tarstovmer, 5 Combined deconnece/matfonares carting ewich men cate soning end, 6righ-soned axahing sui, 7 Carol cbiele Sarr nsuatrs cv ho ay eo separate ges comparmerts sale of ren auch ther Tes miniizos the eects on thr comeorens Guteg nant enansee, for Ect ony hae a antl cubicle containing aie equipment nesses tor corr, signa- SBT. oF se cfs and eo epi iepecton and matenance The Ba Jing. iperdsion and sun peer spol m -Bt pes contin on-ageng gaskets Ay sigh baage oon canoes onthe ‘Smionoeysrangemen, see Fg WS and 11-6 Each switch wets pcoved wih an as acoeasee opaing machaniem aranged ‘ceo he once) wen macutl enerpancy enerton The Cant! poeion oan be ‘Seon tan reasio mechanic! poston eae adTom Being treaty connected trcughoct, the stengaarendlsize ats an arth bus, |, ftecanrectd varius paso he saten earthing aptle, For rapacon dung thaton exonolon sans cite inten ca be earned wn subi pstined mal | anaes arheg antes, Proactive carting fr acennected abies, oeead Ing Srranstomers\s provded by shortest righ speed eating eves ecalos | atthe auigong feces. by shor-ooting he invation bene 0 cn anata encosure during ‘operat Fs possi to use the carting ppl sowvatago Powe, oF secure sutshing tres ancreistances. Thus her tsa need to htewene ride ne endear, rection and commissioning (ny ightsigh rane and ston ae requred Cranes cf 6000 kg capacity a ‘Rounded or complete Says, ing gue” cf 2200 19 4000 kg capac auticent ‘erassomelngpretetreatad rte Cleariress on st very imprint, prkesaly hen eres etdoos, order 1 tno onthe spesed part of. ‘Te srpltty atte eubstation uncergons 8 vokage et ber otring operon, “Tiss done wih ght pr ear of he rtea cower-Faqzency ts voage oF mpl Ciehtonc ego, teat vaftom of sutabe size avaiann teatngia cone wih i votage. Resonance fst eaupment or geneesors fr onciaing swing Su Ge= {be commonly med wih rte votanee above 248 KV. 1126 station layouts Gas spor “Tne medvarconstusionof SF 6 ars het tev coalitions shown Seton station yout tal the base Cont pressure gauges ores relays oud cect on Ie orrponents, tert protection syst ‘Aroielo riceion aye ané elector mecharca roocks prove pratscion forseréce sta when carving cut rspestons ard mailarance ot Cut Sabon eo ‘eran, we salguard the savers again re ana setove Gamage ‘Te fas raspons busbar protenton sytem cecormrendos fr potectng he om Toa tm tae protection sys protecting he om ae aSp. anrert s neceesy 9 or ator exensn) on) ena enunts of gua have os ‘Sore: Parthoring each say aot damage Wo adjacent Daye ne eve of 2 eh, pater SF, sengear ype ELKO 1 128 1 170K wih debi busbar Fo. 18 9) Secten a abl ty Seton wera Ke by, 9) Cees ara gas gym a3) Parka veo SF, srt tale yp ELK: fated veges 248 AV wth 1 Bamerineiatn. 2 Busbar gas corparian, 3 Foaser 238 canpernen!. 4 Cite segregated phase sini busbar an sootonakzer brentr gas comparimont, 8 Votape taster? 4) Sectoral cabie bay, ) Plan view, o} Spe tne eagram<20-525 V ae arangod silat to oe of 01, exp that tinight Fer napesin or serachg. he chambers can con aby eane or ing Sees, To radu the bung hight the cicut breakers in ELK sans av usvaly arn ‘ec horzonaly Fr naposton or maneranoe the ercuk rene ences con be ‘row cto he gangway Fone — tt wo Sr ig son pe ELK fr 486 wn arose Fg 1110 single busbar ana pao Secon of 2 SF, smtchng ation ype ELK fy 420/825 kV wth sopageted- 19) Sesion a1 SF bay, 1 Pan vw, 0 Stee coe, ‘Phos coo bso 9 acho at nny. anv Shan ee 400 ‘at+ shows a A925 KV GIS satan wih ho shases arargodih tes t v q t = Fig tee Pasta view at SF suicirg ston ype ELIS fo 420.505 1, tiebreaker sytom i roue £2) Section ane «82 “The 800 Astin of wze 4 n Fig. 1-12 apps eu reskors wh fur swing “haber per pte soraned ia sgl ones. Hotzorial postion of acute 1 Gre proces the space-ening oyu Tustateg, a a & L Fo s02 ‘para of # SF swtcting saten pe ELK: for 800 KV wih sgrapatec- pase ‘Dosbc ad nzotaloreatovaakors, bay with 140 1 Sacto al fie bay. 6) Pl vw a uly feeder of ane pas), c) Single ine over vse ono ara nattins, bao ofa oo pares ands otaendng {ese conplzatad by dhding Me saon iio eens by means of‘A speci form ofthe single busbar is he H connection ce double H cor ‘eroploye erty for ons carws in ban and Indu arene Thee satona often ‘neve ad cleconnectos inate of oreutoaakore ‘Combined busbre In GIS ataone wth couble busbare he atocnd burbs neese- | Frayed ae a bypaee bos lh the ad lan acconat acon, ocltng 8 stbealed combined cube The grea Improves the won avacbity a To ora, Whar phase oppston cannot be (ued out batman compensa having ie sare ‘peraing veliage he corencoe must bee nat 2 Ung a miirum vases. The ‘rnmum cstacs basen prs at arert tage level st bea ant eal 1127 SFnauleted busbar inks {oxthe higher vtage lel | wan wie condusior sro used the phaseso-phase nd phase-o-arh clowances | avin nveying caused by wind and aher-cscul force we alowed io deere below {he mernum vag. “Tho vluos by wich tha lerances are porto to ted teow the rita tis Toni 12 Tectricl cata of SFhavatad uterine ype CCI ype! ve) reer Degas ot Earpiee aman Rete voliage ‘contamination me ereepage dietance: Fn rawr pay cae above gourd i ony el rena winat auaeyendien 18 sea goid os Pron ne win rane 1 mecerate Arana nee severe palin 1 overs induatfaloroas th rly svar polin, soa 25 trenpase ‘ ‘raeght win SF ge per pace oh ae Ouse suneiee 1 very severe Areas wh hoary indus and much dist fog sean 34 Genter spac ‘Beton phases Longtnaning tho sroopago donc wh th som Ivor bight nolan elective Iroc wlan roo3 of preventing ashovars duet pluton depots. as oy11.32 Arrangement and components ‘Lame wear aecrarcaltan ea mi usb curl nara Ban S00 A. S- Supe arectre Surge ares fr Img atraephrc anc ewtching ovarvsiazes to DIN VDE OF1t Par are caebedn Secon 10.8 Tho tocton zane oan erases ‘poate narucsona PLC communion ‘Te poner in carior (PLO) syetom 8 means of sommenicatng over igh-akaga lines: APUG rk rei ate ap and cacecter c”capasivevologeantomer ‘ne two phsses oth nooming ne, potoned ss shown Fay 3-20, = Sit tite suopor, F = Fixed tube suppor, - Exparson ot, = Dsmping vine, Keknd cap. 9 = Sigpetinscaty, R= Tube a7es Haine nave to sty & mura fetal equerents. To sees th correct grvotage teminals comactr, eames) {nval he owing pos eed obo cers ood Ho wotnge 2.) termina connect high wallage apparatus lactic condutors = desin, 0g, eorew 9 Fat ternal h-otage farminale can be straight or ange ot seauled. For ‘Rarded conductors tere ate tin fr cone: single. bureed es ‘Special cao cal fr whan sslacing ar using teminale ana conductos supports fe auninim tes 190 mm damator Te olny ational cetara rust be cone iored: "= elongatonin ne ig rite feat atage urnnaleneratve comncions rcutor swicgmarinsataons | Fa, 1S chow We emia arangmet and tia ig fr OAV coor‘example fa) rain! arargement we) fermi tsag for Uxoe T40 RV otoer tranche | Aarne Sonamsion Fexrdatons snateralone, bu ito appearance. Wu © & Ge [a7 | examaeeatsteatsupporing ste fo euzoo sicher | a Widedange cnaiucton,b) Fame conston, Late canaiucton ) Aower ‘The feundatons or para, vets and vantorers ae th fxm of com {Hav ale otras Seemdng tothe sa’ oad eating cacacky. The boom of he ‘Gonuaton meat be unofecng by os, Ue, a dpi of some 0 to 1.2, The found ‘Shane mu be peoted wth penaeisn ard este forthe car wires and, where | Gppeenri for estles. ‘yet pee an ecurment | wetmgoe:A road or ralvay berCate renehes, soe Fig 1-17 in cudoorIsaliins the cables 7 id in covered Lenches, Large stead ticeng mocorn contol faites my roqure orl wih waking acess and ckscn (on ovat ideo to aobommmede ha go numberof contro cxDhs Comecing recon] FH eawrentarend —orsflenlfe [serene LS see > tence ae Pg 107 «4 Pan vow ofesle ranch arangement fv feeder sagan! iyou, Sto feat Irenctoe \ Eq PP isn sce se 190 heen Protective bari cowrone and minimum beg H a te parinetor fence. Dsarcee ‘as Tblo 419, D Pane seveon, E Woah aoreen Prenaar forcing 060 Fig. 1-19 “Th pester fees of an culo awiching saton must be atleast 1800 rn High ‘The mnimim caren (boneen patter ‘once ane vo pars) mus! be Obsted. ‘The perimeter foe general rot connected ote ston ear, cvng to Ie a ‘er of tun vages, ules eotnucuseeparsion I ot pail (stance «2 ‘Staion paimatr fences ofesedusing mata must cartes at tava of ote ‘han 60 mby mana of avon earhcs or caring sips ate! min ent ness ‘bre provided by means of sutace enh convection approximately 1m cus ‘ha fenco and abouts mee. No spacia measures earaquedinthe cas of parole encse of lastioconted wie ‘nosh with plaste-coaod or coer post. 490ays, T. Wa ta Bay, TW fal ay. Te Cusbars ere bie ante tage ones in uta desomar ca 00% Zh ee arangoan eb uaa ba ot tive cr Lube. The cgsog ines oe sung ver ie fon and hod io ata poi ‘Tough boy wert the srangerect osu haere death of retain, apr ee iy ES oe cher ‘ay with T, Wn bay T Wn aby.Special yout | ties compro trat mys of 3 sds ery 2 ena | Tike jedure) and stoewon lah for ne Ne branch andere ransom [Avangemieni wih erawout breaker eave 2 oat dao awn, brneh wih double Duet, aSs17INg BYE. ‘Grout resher dove may withthe red or clsoonncters. The Tan 115 | comoaison o aet yous 12044 ype otbrench Ovemead ine “Transtormee om ewe ‘Siew: Area Foun Stoework (timo) garry on ypectiayout Seo Ine Zant Bsn eat Teamt sme Aor (tubular fem soo 100% 100% 10d 00% 100% ‘yancveiso —262mF Tame TAL SOOM TEAM? 8G atur | Sabon) a5 7K HO Y5BH ON Lowsse —«M82P «GMP BAL «AOE GIS BEE (Gass Gi busters) 86% «145% TAT 104M TSH 205“Table 11-6 compares ditlerent layouts of 245-kV outdoor swetchyarcs 2s regards area, o feats (aie) and ster ekg one io tareh mone anor’ | uy wig arargunet he (glee) Bub daconactrs ee aang dt “earch couse wor anders iso rear ataeteos tote busbar is commerhy ues 265 and 420 4V stators ‘Adstnaton ia made bstieon two versions, depending onthe pston eve) f tho ‘be Talo 1-6 Comoarison of eeran yet tr 245k © sauabarabovee “ype cftrancn Gvereaz ire “Trneformor oo | Tee povrtage ct imo ig. 1-25) tah ener adaromaced rebut | Garasoonectoe are ls dlaconectes and are hus across, ‘Aree Fou Staak futons om (wore) pe of ayn Ine seam? 280m? 78H (ator buses) 100% HON tO Traneverse 41am 319. ubular busbar) tea tee SH Lows S24 BBB RF 104t wirebustars) 100% 188% TaD Weeakor 267m o74nF Att busbere) 60% 98% 100% Sig 86 “201 ctor start wi cle stare fp, agora ayo ee | Biro bar yea , 2 Busar sat 9 Bub essonet, «Chou mat | SBtken Tanetear 8 raed saconeco 7 Une tp, 8 Cnacine ouce Sete Bay 7 ea by aN ral ay ‘assars bn” wits angson te butts re outa onthe dicen wate owed ‘ung ai anges em Atel pont of nracton, sings cores Wl al slang tao: GeCROM | sotBs a “i Att 8 “fE u / e u HO | ae | ee Fig 128 525 AV outdoor itchy Abate Input 1 Bush sjiem J, 2 Busbar aye M3 Busbas deconnecta, 4 Cha she. 5 Care Urensorner 6 Votage rarstumet 7 Feeder Gaconnoctay 8 Branch scones 9 Suge arate, 10 Lie ap, 1 Manele a 11.34 Hybrid avtehyard layouts Doss ora 0 $Y stn aay ate orotons te os Tender a Sut eaves. ‘Tre soca cesility eludes compact GIS eich at. The respective componan {er brane ave ere common a angio pao angpor acsomy. Tho swieh un ‘guck 10 il and oa) fo oplce, Comnctn othe ovens ines ik a pa ‘i sired ststons.1 4-aalar hy ewtogaar myout with moalea SF; -auated snitch et eiouts brookor~eleconnecar= cent banstoran, he other higvolaga campanents a ‘Buster eytors (end, Swich unt, 2 Une connector endexthing etch 9 Voteye transtormar 4 Surg aestr, § BF rep. Bay cons, 500 abi bay we = T ‘Ta pupae teem sons nis arnt til ey cat eae al pare of such salons we Ine poner arate, se8 Sacton ensue maerger neater ferent ype, votagee and shor ge, Depending onthe sos locaton nthe eatwrk a dain fe rade ~ ganeraterrastormer sane = malo tarworer stators, loan suture. ‘Tha erout arangementcontgwaton and type of avtchgerin a ranetormer sation pends on ts rage ancien:Gonerstar tanstome:saons ‘Those etions at fed wth power rom th ganeaors and passion lo he high-vo ‘age vareisson newark. The nighvotage awithgear I of ar instaos OUtor fon 2° of IS ype, according toca concions. Fig 1131 shows @ gener tansocrer snion wth high operational Hexlly ane ‘vatabity (20 hv Tighcurent swiengear and 400 KV swrergoar ia Teoreaker ‘arrengement. Mats tarstrmes stators “Tha combinations ot switchgear prefered in these taons a ehoun in able 1-7. 8 — _ rene 1-7 reves carbons of ewichgesro ma ranfaimer stations Rreaiaed GIS Appleaione ‘oorfig teat anows he gine yuo oe 2012097 emer aon [BBDMVAantomar GS enichgont andinet Se Deoe - ~ on cause of tod nti and coramiteton ove, Hne-cormistd comveters ‘eae fundamenta reqenoy eachre power = Patan gs p= arc 008 (008 a 2" wn tn datacorer ong ot ho fundamen roqueney. ‘Toa none tecuency enciv one: agnor a HVDC conv le 1.52 Selection of mata det for HVDC wanamlaaion ‘The doa techn chamcrate of HVDC wessmitn 0 coat in Tetonfarettevarctuson cients bid olde omecion ae vad ‘Te ew gover aon ham mie te rnce ten he de vke ‘SOG. I re a vee yet ve we ese arvana Tosoaln andes oi anoby crn esacs ot ne, eco oer mh nie anes era sala HVDC hr ary mch func by oe ty = ete Mate Ba “he here and sass oh ns et coe vi V0 | ‘have no eft onthe Fanemitod powo, and oarsmen aly fr prior sation ‘notrots ofaterent Frequency can bw curl without duly Wih ihe Hree-prase 1.83 Components of HVDC eat Brae cro uezin HVDC oom, be sausion fr he di votege ce caret ‘The boc cut oto HVDC converte sition shown ng. 1-0 ‘Tmo a. sntohgsar comprises na ny ie Tenders to ne conversa also various branches or har cleus and cazector barks The cut beakers ruse capable of ‘Mequoryeweerng lrg capoctve pavers ‘ite powor to ahenstle power fucttion one atthe nebrks 2 519‘hago connected serach 0. é re test LS FEE Restor met eae t ‘The conse unis each consist of two ae-phaee ridge ‘speci tarslomre, one of which in yO cormecton, 300°C ay be ancouttored, besos scone haus. ‘Ashroli no nga uae as coal orvrenentsl taza ato waibay “Sepnse valor ardor load ie done win a ap changer, on power tarelumers. us. iy atthe nowabpont and of he hse winding, on Boose anehorere and ao fennere at sores vinci. ‘The tp changer, which oonnae ho respecvo topings while unr tose, canis sah and @ soot (or alamalval ju stectar anc) wih ot Maxirum permite densi of ol-mereed vaneforner nm 1 CIN 42 S00 fr sre oiges up 1024 KY a, age 12.4 ‘A for 35 posable, sting cass and sym with waster rise Fae fr Uy 4H, Band 28 BV a 5 a886 88 906 HaSS 88 888 E258 89 888 "aa ing TBD = 5ain dinensons of atsrmevad rancor to DW 4? 800 77] Tt id ‘Ynyoo. with campenseing wining, used forage sycter ti vaelonrers. Tre neu: Fo. v22 Trl pahn canbe eald corlnuouey ie rated cue Main dmancion of tibuionvanstormers 1) 5010280 «A, B) 40010 2500 AYA Tele 12-4 12:12 Vector groups and connections ecto groups poston of thor respective vltage vet Four fhe pase wags ad 2 rurbot ‘tage of Mo wean ing phase angesetvcen ian e0-onaae asthe wincng conection are eatootze as fatews Data (0.4) Siar Ce) Toole 122 Sinaeonnecea 8,2 ‘ves of nd randoms tonne 1 Open i) Yaues ot end ervansiomor ot soneten WY ‘Cannacion atin ve Rated arene ‘copes eit otha high-winge wings, own coe eter oto medium ard * oven ; Sate reas fio up bane wth te apie Intwe cow at | a trae atone wn tage letra ow Tau, rn (Caog win os grata pow opt ai Pl ‘ 7 Vnaheomee athe esr comecen nes abo. Dam SGaseritercoonteg ears rough ou ete ey respectvaly sae Ug Pasa volage g Phose erent 525‘Acero, he trminals are arenged tr $130 wth negations vat rom he Fg 129 ‘senicaton acd wrargorsnt of te Iinels of a baratvmer to accorcance (oth Onc 42 402, Maron 1978) ay aus a = parentage oh wlag otha U, Rc he votge I oped The impedence votege lt composed of te ohmic votage crop (Uy un) which Is Bugoretn ie comet anne cesctve aug Ua) whch Wada a conn tine Ohmic votge oop: Fe sop» Mbt ose a0 om = BF too gomeean 100%, Pesce velage: on A, 1 ara ed tbe meecenc vege sare n operon tte loa a he we toys Gow ape Od Fordiatibuton rantorme, according DIN AP S00 meatedimpedance wtage Uf ‘cata o euch power eng 5, Tale 122. ‘Transormers witha rand inpadance votage uy = 8 % a preferably fo be used Inaustat networs and In rgh ser catfeuten networte rower toa the shor rc rane ‘Tea ata impedance votapoa cf etur-ize and arg uanatarmera ae even Moher soe toachlove sutcion shorereun abenge Votage veraton “Travolagevaviaten between roloas ada ayes lod of any agg ory ‘2s pcan be cleats from he rated impedance volage andthe Inpecance fsses ‘trading. 6 denotd uy ane reer to holed vege Fora gven pat toad hee UG = Uy C00 + Ue ing UG = Unt = vy 08 Tre actual vlege ar trinalt on te opt se cf the loaded vanstorrer wlTe eetrion forthe shore a reloeres inpadance compass of Detar ob eto) onbansame fa) sie ne Be fon = age = s00 4, Viz, OS ‘in detrbuton wanton of ngs upto 2150 KVA a 2 < 0.08 2, he nao ‘npadance 2, can usualy be rerio Fa 08 2 te cea: 12:14 Losses, cootng and averioad expacity ‘eanstormer losses Fig. 124 shows the wa! valves of road losses Pend inadence ots Po tho- ‘karo vancortre. Tha ota est68P, ofa Manson a oy loading = Si, con Detaldbtes tem te efaionshic: Py Pyeat Pe. “The nooad oes Py ate composed ct he hysoresls losses ance. ont 06 ‘Rw ron ava lnaage loses Pr the Seechc. These oases are not afeted by Be toa ‘hevtonctevtingeamee nave wore ote: Tara see goed ‘by the sustained short-circuit re Aareding Wo ON 87 632 VDE Pan, Samant. * 2 , € sige tee ara ener 2 ee ta creams | s ‘icDreeare ios teteanocnquonca meno uaa sek LES mores fetoece meson own tans —— Rated power “Typieal = Maxtmum Typical values of Kt ine values system volage reference sysiem Pe = comet" = es SWswE es ee so ‘on iy 124 for “Typical values for twoswinding manstormers, ip (percentage noslosd currert), Py (Ber is oe rr tata Rass tos oes Ss woe fe orgs 254/00 2500 Lee ad sc and 28 AOINA Oe 08 Upper tof for ated igh vage 1298,- ‘Tea incoco laces P, cori the caper losses the windings and he aden allasses. mpedance ose, char causd by eS crane ceo eo ‘weirs wary ane square ofthe os. “The acioney 7 ota uansovmer a ony lad i etna suc acca rom 230 kVA wanstomer for 2004 RY with Py = 610 W ond 2 = fandoee « 08 081 +058 435, 7 OX Gs -a5a- Gm 0KT 100% = 9820%. rarer to assess a tarsarmey,nowever tte mare rfomatve ovale th ses andre toon, eran the ten coaing “Tne math of cong tates by the maeacurerin me orn our ent iat, | ‘ro ret a leerecencing tha eaten and the a and ina two ltrs nea te cool an reuten for eceling the ‘ust of he iestocme. These code als te expand Wn Tate #25, (Conant ‘Symbols Costa ecuaton ‘oymtola " Nawal ercalaton 4 Forced rculaten (oc crocs) Feroad oui (recec) 5 Eeamoles AN = Dartypetransormar win nsral a creation, ‘ONAN = OktinmerseduetnevcledVactono: 0 ‘Overiosd capa (ON VDE 0526) “Te maximum ie for ich ranslomers can be ovwanded ata given Bias oad ant ‘eats tomgorative shown in Pig. 125 for a-canea ob-mmoreed ransorners the coe of wo diferent ods teeing regulary a 4-ncur oye, ‘nthe tegra: Fo 125 ‘Tanslomer with ONAN and ONAF exe, Values aK, for gh values Of an6 9/0, «20°C, 0) 0, «90°C saFora en cas of tanta he powering con beck om SS SOR exon: ‘88, 90°08 transformer wth ONAN ooo fa to un for 4 hours a 480 HUA and ‘eis at 260 «VA 12:15 Para opermon ‘Tanetomats are opal operation iy are connected in paral on lent to ‘es, Adtincon sate batween busbar ietcennacson a reba eroon ee Xen. The folowing condone rust be ented in cor ta avd dangers rans *eonnecton syrbely shoud have tho are ni - ‘Ae an exception Yo hese concn, wansormers containing the number 3 In tei grat or ig rer a eed dsinbuton fpr nt eres rpedarc voter vera conecte part ve pa aio tah wantomes To impedance voage of « ranstonmer Trmeguuce ates mec ene tenia pete have he same average arpodsece vtape ‘nish uae A100 KA anton wh, poeuo Beds 20%. Beart “Too ansfenmere rato e connacedin pal: tha overt by 20% end rancorner 3 by 8%. Since thee ‘ould ot be ebjced o oreo. Waterers ray ony4 Ay mann SS Ig ouputa rata 180A tanoar th 4 Wi ave Etec of eintarransteraton cao o tanslormer concted fo paate! Dangerous taraen cures can oxo IF ranformars wih itera votagesbanvoen alain tle Oaogeorg ary eemiary ntzpedarc ran are 12.8 Protective devices or tranaformere ‘Overcurent te relays respond to short ekcuts ey tip ecu broakors, ‘Taxa rele reepond to unsceplabietampertire rise inthe arate snd 89- al oveeaas foxmer raskars, bt donot reszond tote vue cure of guns waretemet. ‘Buchs rlay detect wiem damage duet gassing oF al Fw hey sgn minor ‘oscars Seas ay tres oo eaten 2, rH an to dca ea ny rk fw rata 9 ond ‘Since varsorners ar foeated in or naa eden rao, ho cis hey proace ‘ust oe datrnined ss a8 10 aanees the net for any counamessuren “The cee of ranafomecssGafined asta A welgtod sound pressure evel massed Ince () ata spocted moasurg surface we" w sound ve meter o DIN 45 695 Pan en converted to s5und power ve wih ne follwing frm vain uw Aetlghtes sound power lve n ya Amal? sound prosour av! dB CS Measuring ante 127 _Acighiad sound power love tar onstormars us orate power of 25 MV Fated paver Sound powerlovine® ——_‘ToDIN45 695 Pat 20, wa a 8 so s = 100 Ss on jaa & eae) 250 & sen cred rs 300) 0 ” 789, $000 3 7305, 1600 7 7308) 2500 et non 18 Ok immraed eastoemers © CIN 42 500 , Gactsetn dr-ype tartare oO: 42 525; valu In brace faa voiced sms “Tee caueoy and ofects of the aise produced by vanstsmers and ww sostng {otsms ere 2 divers hat not osteo recommend generalyappesbio rose ‘bstemet mnasures Each case must be carly vesting as necseay. 538,Possible eases inoue ‘Acton by the raster manuseurer a Yogues bore ensure: tore cate ‘Stuur meseves against ars ene note, 99. sound absorber wall or encoeuo>, ‘Aatiibation westmeat of he foundations reduce ranemigion of stururobome role, eg. shrng-moured augporing stir. 322 Currentsmting reactors 1224 bimenstoning ‘Sco ne eaance ot seri mat rain cna. nhen soto cr | rents ocr ony the alscore ye of censutoneeutale™ yo coves er used, | aturaton oft ven broug about by the shortens woud cause a op the indotance he ot. hs esau reaucng te rotactan agaist sor css rage crop ana votage vation The rated iadance i be impedance por phase trated raquercy. The eaters tf cuenstrting reactors neg ann ganeral amount toro mre than Some 3% oth eacianto ‘The ated vatage drop 8 Us tha vege nduend in the actor whan azeraing wit tated crest ard ale eactance: Bushy \Wnencferted oe nominal vag ofthe syste, the mac vakage drop dootedt (34, 2rd aul sated in Brame: ‘Atoactar ina twee phase system wit ated cogs of 19 KV haa reasiance of 5% is ale curont e400 A. Ta satomertinccaes tal he vatage dopa! rear 165% ote sytem phaseso-eath volage. The abeokie va wots le 526 t | a) Arma! poraton Gtoncorg hp 128 Thum wheres otag cierence 8 Uy ‘Sinton cel sporasaeonsforehnoeeer nse eek ofa shot cre ‘.inproporten tothe stot curent and 2. wk the nraae phase placement angle under et condone FE Fo128 oct eapram oa react: ‘danger th ster ote ator, erent power and toughest power “re hare power o roca se produto he vokage crop Ua the tad $0 YB" 8 Uy e-phaso, sett carn ter ie gen sac poner ta sept ate nda ave tty {eg arance aud pep ewan sie ape 1008 5 SESE‘Care mus aio be taken tat reacters are state sucenty ar amy fore nelgh= | Bint aie tn eben ery 8 at, 1905%-V3-6KY:O6KA 600 mA SI OIA 6% GHSUA ” Tk The schorne shown in Fig. 12-7 under a), with the reactors in the tes-ofs. is the one Fone tenting reactor L_1 with the reaetors i the feeder, Is often Instaition of 3 ‘Distance A chosen for reasons of saving apace. For the same degree of protection, the cnsis of a A eee “ Such soo ha ee ease os Soul ce eset in} iif ‘te vy of tong magnet Pes. necessary, he shortcreu orp shoul be elt rane {Shh jreon od by means of Pononaicng maleral fo rovent eres "The mest conan reco conostens heating y creuatng carers 2) Ped cerecton, 0) To ot comecton, 8 on one forced louse aghete ates desea betwee restr and etal ae ° eer {frost po ects antl unt ated condos te roctsnenn-ciae WENO of IToinagnte al srangh does retxcoed 2 er, Ths ronan Sc oe In powor stone wih 9 high start power, i usual oR busbar wean somo, stators srw bypate cut tare a8 show. me tos mPa ‘Geracian beable between be bss, dca ne tne ckeareaer epee the Sor-orst power med apo indvwcua system's. | ere, ated curant nA Number of turn in oactor, for, end ceo Fig, 125, 309128 Capocitors 123.1 Power capectors Dalast of fuctesert ees. Sovcticatons for te constuoion cf pomer oapectos {re ceraindn DIN OSE0 Pan? and Parts 4 and 4A, ant lao BW 2 soe “The eaactive power ofa capactoris determined by he oapackarce, the rme value ofthe ‘pera votage ad he sysem Requency =U" 0-6. ‘he rated power ofa capacitor as stated on ts maple is aye in aon to Bs ‘ated vokage cae Heauancy In treesase networks the capactor, abvays ton of to same sie, ave eonnected ‘neler sar or a. (the canactance i one phase wh star connection, ad © fhe capactanco one phase wih deta eanracton, ‘hon fr he same obctie owe: C,430y ‘Tas temperature range for power capacors spect bythe frgerair cassoe {BIDE ca60 Pay Tan 2 Fort cane 4 grebrev nouns Cue) ‘for example, the maxim tenbient terperaturae ar . ‘vorage ove 26: fverage overt year! 20°" In-vage and Hocutncy, and azo tne Remeanics contort othe vesae ‘Corer ingose 2 wed loa en be eapoctox. Copacrs fr high cent aings ‘ fa 135 tet Fel teatve power Cup at U0 f Be ai te ai cna tapscobbyins inane votoge ming and rind pone oor 0 om Ps 2 Qn Wal)* {ttn stge of he yotage nat ent a oaths poner eben he toa. ‘et cel be ance tar ame rodeo me vlueostag dc ‘i cywiroma wer, Tooa serra oon ache ‘Sera be ecotors pen cocmnry fo ana ne wage wth a eo rence trae’ hs sven w eand ressremert ov: fren at eandh to. xan “Te seing me vale of he nein voago wor mosses i a vee shase ‘Buon sem ot 270 Ve P- Un HOP, Uy = 405 V. Uy BV.U 25. U0y = 18 aon having rubra by ont agen ta tene volage. The ‘SirStie se costo cokes voage ot cpacrU, O80 Te nat ajo the capac acirgs. BV, ip (EY! aa (BY 00S)" = 1205-1, oat‘men selecting the sutchgeaspoarus, potest devices and consists, aeon "must 6 pai the passbiy of eveoacing menfoned abows. “airgascount "he Bema eee capstone, eh 3 (13) = 14 ra cage Feraing. Invervoning olor ous, Low-etoge capac age 30 win 1 minut. A rasimur cocarg wohge capac When soactor ae connected insta the nowt! pin rust nat be cect oath, Earning a surge aesies (ow st, 1232 Compenaition of rsctive power ‘ory the sete power araducad by the seve cant is wired atthe pin of cen sumptn The eacve ower rodocad by te reactive cant dove no oe to Sit recive power va compare inh atwok ay time wth aa of y= tors i¢ doak with In Section 11.6. ™ ig. 210 shows ache gover bee cnanitin wih, = Pan rand careers 2 = Pian ge here, eth sravedepacemen ange! ‘he ested cos py Th apacor eta iegarestornwie * 2 = P tan 5, tan 99) Tae 128 proves an ai to ele! on sa “rus th eapactr ony hast be eld fr thi rect power. ex » ral rae . Action recive cents on sero batter: ncrpeneso 0 conearaied ri crpacors Wi Al cparston he ge ‘tore spent taron crtefrey strewod RD ace cur {ero epee esnarce Re ® re wf pa te-t0 Powe vector augan fo eetambing te caacir ang 0, saute a campanate ‘aative powor nr? Vous meet eonparsatan, Rah Vs wit COMBS ‘own 0Tab 128 impedance a or bene lom a pra receant eeu, te reaonart ageemine wetactor tan ton freucusing eve porratdasntgowst | hegiey cient pe 1 ‘equency of iene Extn ‘ested power factor eos 07 075-08 O82 086 096 D908 052 094 008 ‘The vale fea Horn the abo utile byte sve cower Pi to tain he “Fequired capacitor rating in kvar. "eu ‘ine ‘Tha olctiy spp utes gonaraly spec a power aeor of 0.8 Wo 9% Come {ation bayond cose = 1 jovercomnpensaton O, > Oy) mist be avd Bs ti ges 90 to captive reaciue pow wach siestee be tencucirs ne sare nay oo ctv reactive power, andn ation, unwelesmo vole nteates ean eactorios canacior banks cannot bo used eect fr compentaing reactive powe: 1 ‘network lo which eouroosofharmanizs suchas dawarore ara comveted 4 Oye eb ty ey Vig Ina frat aporoxiaon hi resonant requensy can ls be cated tom the network tau power 8; end he compenesing powe mina netwerk equsncy Oy _Althisotenantreqvonay be sowce cthamenics e.g. convene) encour ahigher retwork epegenen- Im consscuanea, te harmonic cen causes alae drop in hirmoric veage than fn uncompensated reer (wren can eeu Unacerpatysoveo dstorton ct ihevolage. ween network and caper tere fw tarsietoutens wage value can be ‘atele of me dein current harmont.Translorres ana perc expat a8 {hue elects io edatanal stocts and can become overoodee “sie the poatan of point of paral resonance can be cles tara ratwork > helt coats less aturance, in piece, However the ner impecance nt ‘onstan because depends cme sata a vel and ie concurs conracied 0 renee ‘move eacordg oe network confguson, eo passing fvaugh aes of trbence. “Te suntan & ove aie compensation I aranged bs ewtchad i stoye. Maasures mutt mere be tkan which afc ent aves Bar eae wih ‘to nomor but git poll of rsonance ni nercical aees.Comparstion face Ines nneteorts containing harmonious mus! nance be reviged wih aes 605+ to ries tequendos occuring ong reac col is doignad fo eitjot fir 1 @ imum aman of amon ‘comers hsiacallog a-hesvly dened er eve sts=e a “Fe gillas | Fg to41 MN Compensation oa bras chase rat 1) Fen ving anormal sara such, b) Crp conracis io dea poston of Sedat own) ih spect Sarde sutch ‘Operming sequence of snBoting elements cn tring: Change to ‘ct sar bata comactonecpen 2 Nenorkconnectcn closes, 8, Neural poi connections oe ‘change tom sata“ 1, Neural gent connections coon, 2, Dalia comections I bso The sequence veaoa when poi ‘Sigie compensation oftanstormers Dice cnmactn ofa capachor ‘oa ranslera,topether th whic tis seh 2 ‘According YOEW spoccations, shen con {he capac range st boas sad Tat~ ‘iaaloeme: preceding. The masirum capacterrathg canbe dened approximaely {ug to “oa imeacance vetago (er cant ofthe Wanefrmar ond tho preetahg rat, an Inthe uber ote Ngee! rhea haenie Tain 129 “Cupectors connected on ie ow-vetge ale of anatase Taratomer ‘Tanstarne vag, Ps Stowe expat atlog Group cononneatn ‘The phave-shiting capactor connected one cr ‘large rubato orator using eonisuly T Fig 212 Group compenesien “Toe mots And eapacters a8 ethos by separate ewiches, and eupen/9ed by Soperte prec systare, Te capecors con ne atchodin and out daly o° Ingreupsanrequied, Centaesd compensation ‘yang Fg 12138 or aural ig 12930, ‘Adveringa: wiooa con! wows th copacor rang tobe conlymalerad fo the reoctve poet recur tary ve, thos weep co8 ¢ Cooe he apetiog value, horse potacton shoul coi of fc 490, foreach canactor Mt requ, \Votope wanslormer tr coonaclon ave nacessary for dachargng ater do ecton CCentraled companeton can be sd oa vetages, oe«Eating resistor fo earting Be nwa of tance an orators foreare faut precion - “ ~ Loading esos = Yotage cvdes — Discrarge resis fo eapactors ~ Transom an ni resistorfortap changers = Staring and waking ritore and reostt or otc motos, “Tro twe sre sain ino orm obre cat elements or conga aeasel aes, “These corponents ae mace up bo stems wih cami nears S33 ‘haar oben mounted on 2 rama, reeconce resistor oft rust it ho drat current to 400 The ‘Cau on restos are chosan wha eranuous load copes ‘Sho eva Une conetant T= 50 . The mam oad dato is erm (gt) «anes (HO220,) «025s seen eat re vausy stad to cpaat for 308. Table 1210 charactors of conmerday aval resistor loonie Fou ot esistor leon Characterisies ‘Wie cloments Coston elaronts Shae stat gid Matera ccunas ‘sursee “conosion (eondtanan) vented veastaré Neveoao” aston ao ahoet GIN atop cee woose cnotamesoea a mee notte te ‘asp Kk" 785/100K —switO0 He soovnay aK tev Seek aeReHy —-SASOKY Fe SHaa areca reine snantenrtn cette ostne ~ ‘Semiconductor rectitars ora Increasingly being used to recity altering eure. 8 8 & | pe, cote oe te oS ae oat Sse jsisle] gs88 ox Soness ' . a le carer: pratetesinecin i ile / prota | ESL Dg iss) elas os ee cents | all iss ay 7] 88 ae. cae ! a lel.[afsis|s| $888 s¥ " ‘ is Bl | lel acter assay cons tol seo) sn ack Sn alf jel. ells sf ‘nomen ; ak 8 i B).| 8 leis) 8888 ox 2 sano i ra) af Vs = Mremetemean cleaner B P)-| & [sle) s g883 oe | Ub, Lopeoame swe i a 3 le : ii 5 = SELLE BE 4 nh ae} na ult i aise (E|deisse8 G22] 2 alt ii 3 papers Hy eu au SUAS. Brel ashe gglebe gif ee Gel =‘Spraoea 6 ‘Gernetap Brags ‘Averatng exert Hattwave Tame 12-1 (pond) ‘asi elelton dra for carmon rete connects encecton'o po -—~ Commentator eapnctons 1. Hatwaveconnocton,ymbo! Egon i. 1214 “Te silat of al rettorconnoctons canals ofa branch which blocks ene 889 \ | fees 88 3 I i aba 3 \. sek 3 28 30 yaa Fig 1205 outer comocton 2) crooning By vouge cine ean fandermer tig (ae otUy) : 1 aapeaenwn nace eadieg Bg econ mad Dtsberigrce ppp opus em ea Votage sent Psp I)5, Star connoston, mba! S, 890 Fig. 12-1, ‘This teaghaso anngemontcequkes transformers, or neswoce ia the case of ralgt commotion, whore paua fe abla to wihsana fhe ful deck current. To 6. Thranpnase Bdge connection, sabol DB, abe Fig. 1259 “vonogos encoding hoes ot bo war douotar convection. Here again ‘erat he 8 brenenes ote the phase phase votage ine locking deste. Fi. 1249 1, Boublestar conection, symbol DS, s80 Fig. 12:20 “Tie rangement correspond tothe canta connection othe sige com {uratone Apa te wed amet excl oy wih ow vag eqn ere ‘isto or, buteurerts canbe hg es igh watngos oan Be rcaryrendes ‘on when rapleing tha lace o Kon cals of moreary vapour ceeers. In the ‘toting drocton exch olthe 6 branches comes ice he paso vooge 7| | | | 13 Conductor Materials and Accessories for ‘Switchgear Installations 19.1 Busbara, strandedwire conductors and insulators Jaton are mace ether of capper (F-Cv, soe VDE cz OE 202). Aluminum loys wih goad eecrso an x mora qc after @ shod wr. “The vais von Tete 13-4 abe 19.4 “Typical wales for he proportes of eoraueor merits Symbol Tenete Youngs Yiellstength Bring Canducly arena modus Rigg Age Pardness 20°C A, #070 Netint Namen Kémm? Nime® Nimo (comet Sapper EQr2 200 1-40" 129 EGF 290-0 ao Bao ours = 300 Nt" 38080 EOurS? 9 Hames 00 ‘Auras i wee asa Treva Bw BL Beodchiyeos's Maine Se Conant dat ioe Secor i os ow. eta Secon S800 Yoet0 i arent cari 3 cet SSCs 20S wna ended tx Coma Fs to ep etna zine deraiy ie amet arya ich cna tena ea he met ‘arora ede es tek eg llr Shc | 191.2 Buere tor ewitngear talons‘The aength of he conduct mato dereases win rang epee, and mush ‘ne raidy win itr than at copper. The vie in Taste 1 savas ‘nun. For erpeatres ec 160°C trey ao deperaon tho duration 2 neat, rane 199 Intuace of tmseraure on strength “rporate 2 ‘Unaershortcreultconation, therefor, conduttrtomperatres of 200 “C for aie ‘anu and for eopper must ot be excecded, se OIN VDE 0:08, 1 tern ot eculpment ar etvenced ony vary lah, ot ‘avout of the busta, the muna parmstsie cenit fone etal reg ef th conduicrs and tte neato, ‘Tristate case fr example wit busbrswrich avin suse rg connections so rot hermaly oupled or asocstd eulpra rote seecdan snd aangerrent te atemating ron) busbar conaucors nas bustars fora. is heated in Fig 121 {1 currant perma, on o two fa earauctr Ing nstalsion Tw conductor's to os losses, andi trator 6 be prefered For higher curects, fur Na ondicts have proved tobe a festive sangonent. ‘The distance between the eoonnd fat onda pe aha oman, hn chan ncn we conse: reo i kn ates prope, avon mars il conductors were to ‘on er boncing sengih, alo ont lata ioad Capac. woo ato aa ee sot‘ i fiatel yet Higgs) dg Hoes oeas ghee Hanmuiii fi: i, Gage; de ae 2 Hasilii td a oats ce i ue ast dz i : He fet 38 Bae Probar tg bf HiGnip be Gl fa goeae aa be ul Hh Peau eoaeap iq ge Hi apy i i | : ret a2 t Bie yp gida Higa bl ba dh fp Ee Piog eg: ig o# oman arene op dep cto EET Cape erent nan veces ede pen 8° Gn pet ce Sopcast cnr Sere a amano a em a won vege wey onion coma ome a a “» = oe em de oe em Tae ke sae De Se eee MAR oa LES See BS m Bilw we sir Eves wt oe va 2B S 2a Ge eae Sori tap ies GGuraD Oe 1m 10m Sm vo00 1480 ead ta 10 imo ‘Bia Se ite couran ste fom zon Ms 150 10 2m Se 18 oe fase a0 0.x pass 'oe om caw 90 os 10 220 10 14 250 30 ‘me 1590 1000 24 1590 25m 2300 «amo 1110 1910 2279 amo the aan S000 S18 sprano «572 © eum out emia ae wou Ban Saonpecs 9, 9 eleanor uaNpOs oO3 sfg[8888se0/9 F/gae i iets | TH ne eee | HyPetzee|agg ge | l UW i azuageg)? § a | i u ' : Hou i lisesesel/ £32) Cats exert caning capacy of lari conductor (DI 49670) Tate 107 ‘Aur eco of rectargultr cos Sot in ndear Insalanons. Amie tompecnie 95 °C. Condor erpaatne 65 °C. Cane ctor wih vera: erarance bebwon conductors aie to condor Hickoees; ih aerating cur, learares between phases > 0 « hase cei in stance fox 0 ome EAEID Gs toro 1190 18:0 sO THO 170 GY Tome 120 1610 BE amt 1170 1501 foxio too Tse Ene Bet volo ame Sua 7 tay toe 2am) SoH Jee Zia elo Tay vaio zo Zen & cmtumt nets : ‘wan Clase Woh Matrse” Comruminearetin A Contrast WA ! Soren 3 = ss = Pee meng | BMSgmaeg | Shgacge s = | om ee 2 2a = = == ys == Es RASS RR SSS Bue listen ome we om ee | SIME SS Ee SSe8 sas Liswiuesee sae gam mem RiSW@ENESS 28.8 2.5 83.5 S210 om Soe EALFio Gr 1180 vem zto0 fer 3000 1950 1900 cad sam 13D 581 100 5400 oe pee ee ie wn ee swe | RE SMSSR SPREE Fes |e187 ert | Wit Sow wea amas Gomi ammin | me os | aewomre emea cone Pees pace tae sere Fo eines: Be conse een ‘etenaton a rc an nm owe ait EArt 925 220188 228 GE TR 1m ano oe tam 140 200 ary ta rap : fos cares og coe 20 MO Hm Ham sme A TES ISSR 1m Lon aw | 2% Eares yee 380 17% 22 we 1se0 00 2500 1050 i7 1ew sae ee SNES tam soe sue 120 11M 260 20m 30 156 Lap 358 2a! Me rae om sae 400 EAIFAS 15m 2000 S100 Gama tus) Som SO 32 ‘ie Ered sae 328 222 $8 182 few 2am 2690 Van sem som aa fag see ee a eaivea aoe son {0 $00 109 2m Sesh Up 2h 38 300 G29 [ug 2S sme ce Wold atm AY EQEEELEL Le 430 sei ie 200 caw sew sau coo see sa, To 340 4360 9000 onto som ty Cres 200 160 te Ohm aim tm ssw sap 282 {29 {82 $80 som 20 fo Samo 89x70 20m 509 CalFes 271 4180 Sam oven ovis 30 fos Eares sem aune ga SUE 2IB 28@ ame are rom 4x0 suo 7o50 238 sa com Sen 280 470) 4390 ig See a0 tre) IND san SES SOM 780 " Coeusectra sou a7 igi > Sinan err, TNS EArt eae S020 Pa wl sta a Fb cess beer ana iff HEE Tn % (Nee Plesseeenal gs Z ae i He 3 ghana 4 aod Hae f ih ABE 7 Hi 3 af u | x84 : i ul rae H i Fest ely. al ee ey ii 5 2b aii mE Log?‘Contnuous =e 3 3 6 wo 2 3 5 é mo 4 5 ‘ ° 0 a 4 3 é a m 4 5 3 8 0 m4 2 0308 3 3 04a é : Osa 3 5 268 «=! 8 ona ‘ 2 0808 5 3 070 : > 080 a 5 ame ts « a 49 te 3 2 20 Ose 2 5 fas Oa 8 ‘ az 3 tas e e173 Contes on nou page e on| . 3 ele zB le age le ry in ‘ena pameed urd eu od ‘ioeoidn'o ¥pue 9p nv ortaure enero 188 pour 20 Contos coren.canyingeapacy of copper lt sient conducts (ON 42670, Fat 2) bw 9.11 Copel cee mt nn ine nn we. gen Se See a re a SR AS a na os soo cara See coe = Gee wae Oommen ome Save Ed we et ws oe | Megemp | Stine | Suemiems Pepe Pepe | Rb | Sere * we wm nw oe on an a gig B= a= gee 28 woe &@ RES SSS Re & oe eee fee = Sas iF 2 ssf 58 Bac 2s sok tS ee =s= fe sae aif 0 £2.52 82.2 8235 885 ooo eee os aed see 4Tate 1-14 onto Copper lad aki condor of 5 °C. Condor wid varia: charance between conductors equa conductor hsness wih slomatng cine, eawres tenee phases 08 x phase contreine dance. i Won Gene Wag Canmowe ametina ‘ortnna arento A fatness fora Pay rates ae eon 2 eons Protea fe eas res reg ee ee so, 504 nm ttm tou om emo ome 2x8 Mo ogo ama tun 1a see 100 1500 Ge) ome tn ws wo vo six 21 sia veo Dom 265) 705 10 tow ano bed som Te REISS Gx 2 BB MB mn zD 1280 500 sae oss 1150 1040 685 1130 150 1690 5:0 oO teu teco foxio 2 2x8 aan nena 2am 200 aD taro Lom 2500 11d op aemase Se ee SS SSO Beng Mas wa tao tesa 2340 239 H2 ta 2390 9 1450 18O2HO TO 12m 1550 2000 fone me 268 1202070 27m Som 000 rea 26m oi8a 13N0 tow 2000 STO 10r9 an) 2eso 39 1@s19 see 30 9 2500 3350 «m0 1279 179 2010 sero 1600 2740 35m 44 1380 238) Sem0 4m0 jms19 tia 4a tg 2am tom ita Ip 2am ame amo 1960 4000 Sa Seay fam fans SS SS8 ‘sera EA DH 060) Pas 2nd 9 anc Cu 3030 Fa 2 and cpr ig coches Wan ee Spbaeesta aan os git Rig og seers gTepeeeeeee ag | F i aCe pela Geer HP eeees|iy it BS gee ¢ 222 cee & HE eieab gate A be pispd ail Hi an pias i|zReggeg/4g }: i Porihl g)seeezes EY i si Hn : hss a ai i gi) if Hl fisssajfs fF i i ! al i ; i cad ws ctangulr cross secon in noo nstaatons, Arbor tempecshire 25°C. Conduct torpstatira |oe ee me Parente opow olcoapcecton Fy 199 Comsctio rt, fr variation of oad when cond cif) om 38.3 m/e fer aturinum matenals and) om 58 m/ yr oper Matera nse) cor [aad vrsion nh copporad aluminum conductors having oar han 16 £0008" CConseton tet, ‘ocean ant anrbaarnprn, se 184 ‘ComseSon tate ty fr Iaad vant at abit digs Ta anse mace TaTETES Goection fcr fy 1" td reduction wth long side (wh) of us concurs in ih busbar vera for mare than 2 mkv A= alumisum Canales DI 43670, AIC) = oops ad aluminium concurs IN 4 670 Part 2, 2S copper conductors DI 43 671 C3} Ny at jt correction factor fe electicl oad varios wih aerating current) cs lo ferent yout, Fg. 125 ‘br oppor condueos, Fig. 13 Fr alumi conducors and 137 for copper cla ‘niminiom condiors Factor aged tw coradered only theres 0 barahing mi ‘ne astence ota! oat 2m omGarecton fect Inveneas spect tothe lecaten (ees, expose to sn, et} canbe slowed er th eco ym given n Tale 8-14, nsec heat oe 100 iegeaon wake Fear, a ” ES Es j60 va rm ie oe os ioe 3 te i oo 38 “naira ba mn OO os it lnp-al a —— 1 ons . oe a 8 yan ae Pa 198 * e Coraction ator for recon in load wih atraaing erent tO He fo a= Lina hin tec Gu conductors wi sad phase cree ita 4) Sxarpes: Te phase busaar wath = 3 conducts per phase ano conduct ‘ernees 8 in droeton of pase cenrene stance 9 fabore) AC Busta wisn = 2 conductors pr phase and conductor toknass sat 9 ages lo phase caters ‘solar a isiou. 2) Face for corducare of =m and 6) Fact” hoon into of 10mm asa ureion of b= waa, bandh mmm parma mer of eonaveers par phase 5781012 Dried holes abot joints tor busbar conductors? nt 1815 ed oes fr bur cons ange eesti (mesons) Car we a0” asi0e0 © too 1010200 suet 3 5 : é tap teal! qh eye reo7 F (+3 i aH a Ut BS oI To PR ee ee ew i Fe ow 0 2 > 2 > 5 > DP ES Fs SB n° is Bom = D5 ore eon ts wom ool lf Zp on 2 Yoo nae cs 0 28 6c OM A 0 Pa 2 Fiat cemectone, 8 Winona i! a0 are shoe heb esse Mead cnr creo Pramas rea rhc ace’ =a > feom soara rare tems z a ° 2 2 2 2 riiagarenaions 2 200 bili ress gas H hisseil) Ball iitl hiseelit hisasil 23 Winall ed am ac ong cr |B" Prine iran io habeconedsaeeis x3 rm§ moro * Exarmpies of boted joints for buabar-conductors of rectangular section acm can a iF — as * oi, Fi ie ie] | cert = ase ey f 4 z eas ¥ T Ey io] | re I ogo + —| fpme + let J a i nn 4 1, i oneal aes or a are a8 ate ‘Eereanc oes parton nar ome oti cone contr "Yn ols rang ary enw cl the condos must be stb surgared sensu a the jolts canot come ose ‘nts the wih the horzortl conductors genera busbal i own as grote than or ecu thatch eel. in ho case ot rena sees, homevar. he noional ovo fe smo ooded ‘he Tilt s made win only ne two ups elen al Ras ony hatte ose ecten area Intescose | Ile t917 Orie nsec tanec renses io cond canst are intr wine ein ate Sant es ‘co orem Sonam eeoL! = "EIB! + thy ¢ +H) |B Sunwear wns tro 2¢ Toe 1-18. 5= Hage ean 08 s601 Portas i how oree Gammon x0 em| ferp= 1210 50mm for0=60 mm 100 ter seneasions seabow Examples o srg bee nen U section busbar conics mension nm) =xj § reerss8 eae fora Uaactons for Useston tom UBD an boner 109mm ‘0° Useetone UBD oly eget ana nat mm em tn ule es ten Le “Tne sane rata on Toba 19:20 ara commecialy avelabl, We ste bois and MoS, based arts ato rust bo pal ote specie ot con auation 128,ONO 696 Pan CGaroson protection ARG, Aa (gl 2p BG, Bas (ga Co) toON267 Baro Spring stomont Sping waste" te oIN 8786 ‘coneslan protected Larioont cn troad and tor grease Feed conta ace Recommented Ms 15 Nominal S28 torque Nim ‘oes ig Sanam capabie a mahtoring i eles cre pins ayo a “The rernaltxques are aolostd 0th ster mira paren a coz pese- iy 718.20 Nin exept or some torque ales nh la M19 a 2, 8S ornghor oNISOBIe Pen’ 42-70 0 A470 ON 207 Pan 10 to pwer96, on Mos, base i | i | | "must be remembered that good contact dawson ores aluminium suaces can bo sctieved any the nonoonetng oe Rms emved hays brah lo 8 'scimmedialy bear joing, and rerawee oxidation is provertes by aeryng @ 9 | pete no! grosee (ont age) | sar12:4 Teenneal values for strandad.ro conductors Tae 19:22 ‘Copper wie endure o IN 48201 Pr fl rete to DIN VDE 0210) a ‘Morber of avers ? a a Reese eee Steminoe 2 Se ararasoncteint(%2) romano nih nth aux (4) cmos 20500 3c:0s ons res 908 Fin acoso 28 Pat oor OH VOESH Te PS ne cpemvomamniy OE RR Litman 8 FF eB narsovsercnteeny(S) om Bos BB (rose octonal waght fxeatenat ou (esi) Tani 13:26 9opper we conductor fo DI 8 201 Patt 5780 025 8200 ‘aners oars ners a0ars aresg Tene r020 ‘Auminumiset ie conductors ON 48204 Taba am NPIS Er sor en zon gr nar vie sar sar van Sascha a Wa at ee FF 9 ass ieceoaieae nina 8° a8" 2a)” ia whee oe MGTaneaietowe wo ie a ‘an tk bo Bom inear es Uresmomaccntcne (2!) m0 180 162 78 maa tad 98 wd He BOE HOH ese anerl wept eng s x(t) cm one coer ours ai CH 90NE OOD Ou HTD CaON OHH paveiiuctunrimn’ «1727 TA S98 Aa Ter maY_ maT mA AD ad Tate 1827 Auriciomtat wie conductors to DIN 40204 Bement oss “al Gonsinten ofwie Guns Dlanaier Teoma Woigtd Welgt AdGad Prsstanas cose secton Geer Roofers Scien orwre wosking ofwie free! ead" 20°C secten rm fection x ometer rie dad feng roe n & ekg iN wae 1S eae ente (xis 6 54 Sav Ome OS Se aS ee kee re ba2as tn2es 6 68m ONT OSE a a fao2 988757 14x20 THDd 14 112 HOTS BD BE Be SE Che fs ‘oraz tea 0 © 96 iris 018 tee 88 oo Shay a9ss bt teem 7x2gs Ly th7 428 O37 aTuB GIT sora ead ADS OIE Talat © «MT -25S1 OZ -27MB GIT 04190 Bie BS Is suey aeceas rater 6 © 138 35.17, 00m ars? Bae OTR BS oN Bao tee asa uaz 17 160 9029 O71 Foe 6a ame jcems 10067 7555 “162 14a) 194225 14 7S TOES O88 87 7B OTAB (ES nay 8S tala Qr2u raid G 155 4koK Od Axe BBS OTH Gave Gn 72s tage S2aae 728 17 180 Bh18 D804 BACB G80 OE faaso 127rs2 29651875 304290 7PM AS 1G GTA OH STET ERB OR foes ywass 25 Ta 20x72 ye5n0 18979 a5 2138 28x80 7250 11 Sag? Og sacs 67101889, jeo | oazn 0744 7am 890 aaT! . Wage INS aoe ue goc27 Peay 49 two 7ror OTS 77H) OB OTe 6 6 poss 2e! Mon 2612 25x92 76200 OS 7498 Oa B88 Tes 01500 Fass Face waa eels mrad 7a90 AS BO 22H ONT] BMS TADS hema adn a ono DEH DE CIOS 01 nN Ser ti calouzcante mun resarhar te oma ae nt nd daperds oka inal & cortrucson vot v8nemwarseal cancers 0 IN 48 204 7819.27 antined 01209 185 Broo re 20009 onst oars? oor ee 0.64 2.880 see 0.0568 0526 boats 70 7 " ra 78 az oom 3573 0m S682 718 oe 9780 sz teams Miss a0 aie nSt6 se 14200 770 13613008 vee wos isso iszae 787 tem 19245 oe sym 11960 807 200s 2045S 824 ie is0eo aa 18501 2368 709 2545 Prey 105.09 9.20 86 oat ost m2 2919 19285 ost ra W614 Maa 210 2s 2a m5, 20 Br Ea mr 308 23 wor Ba 6 a 6 a 7x20 732 7336 Sm) aaxa0 7eom 13 m1 48x32 Pa240 13 wea2 4axaus 742600113 G2 dxas 7x30 mare 2x89 7x28 a2 saxag “06 54x32 Ts 69 Saas ous fexos Mois 5409 Sead Gea 7a249 45 SraMs $1054 4578 S558 aOxaH Tx2AT TD S70 Sa. seaso Se17) Osmo SOR $049 Sas Sax258 Te 288 sano O20 mas fone fe028 S55 S58 Baa 7a 38 susy sen Bao 2005 Ad TA25 6x35 7H2EE WSO SOAZE 4943 3726x906 7x90 ogo FSi 985 2508 mAxas aovas pes 309 955 Gm 90 asowo 4071 BSS S864 3409 am 09506 21219 eae nae bse eis aa noes Suave 050 ager? ry 19790, 1582 Bao 20899 2iar m2 2a 7x27 A 7y287 48 6107 4sxa0e 7268 145 0785) 8595 TS SHxKd Wx2d foes G40 4528 ER as 4 ness 10558 4525 sr S711 s040 ‘Resco antl atch pom fant hd a epson tna ae Hara et ol aon DOE 10 oN (aap retort DIN VE C210) 1 Ang aisty} © DIN 48208 Par 8 esorelorte IN YOECA perinebeteraie wenn nn? 140 Prosar vounge mecus ®InBN™ cramps (2) cso ea Tobia 19:20 feclen socton Not Nima of wands 1 concvetrs 0 €-ANMgSIatroy) 0 DE 48201 Past ariwarey 1oDH 48201 Pet °- Novel _pesltarce “Tmo. Weigh Weight Noval” pel a oe wine inti cotta tm = ee ae ge a Se aE yas eee peer ‘mee om $e a8 eg 33 8 Hie Ss an te ae eo set A oR mg wg a oie dos ie ta gas sas Be aa Ee - cme og og fae ag ff oss q ont aig on vorazto B=91 niin, se er hearse cad an deen cane Sea hewnceleng eta meng InecdmnTabie13.80, im conductors of ainsi so ON saan a ae Wirecreswsecion Dine Breaking Weignt Weight Neral Cont Mor fad Sie Wee atin cate: a on Tongs loea cary St Tom! te me met mm KN Agim Nim Nin 2a70 W707 1720 78 A 019 673 460 Osway gt70 aiza erat 97.03 8624 9625 201 Bet vaso sors seas sono 270 "Nana te oe DUDE 20 ch, Note: Conductors of aurieurizicoriom ale, TAL wis stalled ‘hot vires” 8 azerbosin Aspendh 1. Tek conaructon and current conying capac are ce lated ints corenzeing Tables 19-908 an 18-000, 260 pages O19 snd 820, usr canying capeny fw cotta aoe 12:38 Seer Coppe Aum Mey Ate 20 pow 700 se owe ses ow Sa Eo a wo oxee ‘Soeo ‘oes 0 ine ‘ious 059 ose oe ss «0 180 sot oa owt see om aed ene fr a ent ia ing ana rasta: e ‘ett ig an bre peor 00°C ‘iterate cnn ner mattered nove of 2%Vivvcetsenmarmantaenmmeceanmge ttt P oacensen tart at | Bee 19:15 Postaype insulators ane overienine Insulators re vendo cary bare conductors. Tey woo Ive pas a eoth, and as 4 ‘ustare, tran ne fers and guys aro vaualytansiooed wih doobiedeacard * ‘ogo, te Inutore canbe of re ong0d,capant-in o plastic pe (se Tables {5.3n 1297 and fade). Pang ee nad nto ators ie stings. The Fee ewe as nechancnl tachment, pees canecion and means of proetrg te {restore and eorcuctor (:N VDE 0212 Part 50, ngs i Fxngs fo the stne srctures sta medo wth anchor ks, caches or Usbots The Frater eine Shek anchorages by babayes, soo-eyes, dole eyes and | paces, fo Lorgrod inavators wih lov nc cape are fstned othe archors Wi or raze 2 the conduc ao atached to tho stator stings by tvminl camps wien ooo Greate elt connection netwoon to oniaed wires and be ume en {and pommarentjeomoressio) te Tsar eppain, se also Section 11.32, Anieare Fangs For vatages of 220 FV sn abv, stings of oapand-sin ceatag ootena sige. The eee ol those ft contra ve ‘ecical senses onthe Ine-aise Wsuators and trey (ale any e2ronaclechages and toad mterferance hey mayPovemge erate teryseone sagt Selectn tana for exdoey pst yp nso, cae ung to OIN VDE Ott g Tes Lene into of craic nang mae a a ute devepan sid 26 = 28h FERRAR ER ESS Lengo inuaters LP wh socket cape to OY 48008 Patt slot metarat cere C120 ar 220 to IEC 672 VDE C998 Part : TTremenzsetres cic) rich ‘exposes ceramic suace brown glazed o IN 40 606 Pact and an ‘Gana ins of socket rust rot be misagred by re tans 888 EASES: trae : ‘shark ameter 3 ‘to ey } ONE alas senna : pepeaion const VDE C210 i, 5 i i OMe RESBES £85 889 i pe Ra Eee : i sas Seeeg? os : 3 fe J vung e 2 8 a3 buh amet ak cemmar sete ep won cn 2 8 as recente ured cle deansTile 15-940 fontinsed) Dimensions an nainal data ot (Bongo nett 1 Gata cae rere noc act. 3 Sano 6 ON WOE Ga ae VoL aE am 42 2 her tsprg gm ctor hanna, nrg aur ama nae reson dia ost wear abou sig = 7S ae Sugir, + Bm r Bigire,waormerd starorgstay= in conuct net 586 a Sow She Sg OT eae Ee en et et eae ts tee Tew Sen Ea: g BERG s gi 3 z gig: 3 eB Ee: 2 BE 8 2 2 eS oe oe e & © BS a2: & 2 a em: 8 = eRe: 3 = ebm 3 3 = eee: 8 2 BS BR 8 3 Bean: 2 2 BEE i 3 2 RE Ro 3 2 seen 2 28 Be 3 3 e BRE & 2 eee = es 2 3 3 BB RG t = FRc omer AT yen ce 2 vena song north see0.9pranc ever coment. rw mag eed SCDau zig ioraceinm teat sigbro,275mn stew opm c- 65 mn. ak Seed nrc abae gt» toro. orong od insults LG wi cle aoe 12 0148 006 Part? Inslor mataa ceranie © 120 or © 220 BC 672 o VDE C205 Pat? ‘aomanuactrers ences Finan ‘posed ceramic surfaces bronn cand te DI 4026 Sone ines or eap bores rst aoeb0 mealgraday mre thant Classtcation ad testog: tN VDE 9446 Par, EC 980, Bonding age: paréand cere ot oa atsnony, esigraton esigraion of a orgved Insulate LG wah els cars, ‘tank dnnetar d= 76 men, 22 ehoze and height 9 = F270 mem fy 751221270 DI 48 008, ‘poet: conaut ON VOE 0210, Tabi 13.980 Dimensions and nominal ala ot (inngreginauaors a Gsece Hows Ue taeeare (mice te exe ~~ Table 19-940 (cori Mechencal and ict ta cf LG longed ulate. Won Tes ham WOR TomSND Fewspone _ Raestihm orem Sven oemoon "Nero" feawnaywmmare Imewe nue Sere SSaccee any ° sot a te 8 & ® & ‘8 x Faris tence afm Ror Sew 89 Hp ag at oe.— ~ Tabi 1.95 (ents) ‘ere copes epanat™ taigt anangeaeene avey iat ee ee io ee re nave aHm HEH HY te 2 ie er snc rn som my 2 ferrebe a BoP icant omnont rine en ie _ Siee n= ae a a ae we ie ke BE BRS Cahn Kan fg in ait O42 Fie Set taint neater bse heed ass Sass iter Ser ‘58 aes ono IN 668 6852 aly 2D 1745 UD 22m ie oreonen ike SS tet: hatte il ON 17 20 er mestancay elo Ee ser oot fo maroc choc a0 {Frisk gap ero ae, cps of ret tn and bas 66 IN ae Soeen = een ly bre SS mateton See maiesing’” ON VDE OME Fa, 160368 as a jate —_—_Desgnator:_desonton ot ncapandn eas win aya aera Soom pr ance neler 12» 190 ON 4B O19 Applemier: " conaut IN VOE 210 “The symbol K denotes oto ralate, anc NK ofoptype sn nei. The wo ‘ypoe dlr hang ferent ered ehapos and crespage distances. or dimensions, tetnical te tnd role on ston soe Testes 18.95 to 13-88. 3 "me ora tatawe sen, sto comme by E08 eost SRABEERS EDR GRS 8 ils sqeeeauensegsas Eceiemetmences of | ft lta, teeeenecaeens a li Tb, ssceuncesezeces Ng jeaseanegarsgegs iH t Pel leneaaeceacagze . iE a i E Vereesnaassassga ga@ |= t — i HEE |i His lecszassenssoee Dereon a sonia att pal caper neti IE ODS : $ seaensueseauars Bee ee eee OE Sie ssesesss Soe oR teenie Oe j Bk segeaneaesaee? oe Sl egeg|se Fleeeeeegaszeeuee P laganje|t ® : 2 = gE 2 8 = § St55/ea illts cssssassvsasess 2 Ee = e § «—s BRagauRSeengges 2 8 < Eo] | 8, RRRRSRESEpSen? BS 4 « af 2 i THE | sossenesenenase 3 Ss i i Hot ly i sveneenangasase So 23 ice a Hi, |sovszanneseegaz es eee vevweseaced or2 Tle 13:7 (eon) lca dan RV an length a mo ap ans in instr sings witout peso tngs Stand inauttor Form K pete” U toms Uso Uaees ‘oh Raspes tami toh Mania gh Renew Raige Ung gs le met Re Soc Sees Seg” Sele” eee” a a a =2 a2 co" ee ss = SP mt = = " Pa ae & Sim is se are = yao Ses a fs Soe ™ tm tim fae 2 = ed Sie 8 3 S iad TS Ee Se rate 10.98 atone Cone cain nd lenght cap anna age waa pe ngs often to Fem NK TI erenrey ome agem set Dies oie oer Ex” Sae9 Sraeerias Bitte wear Eo ae oom Pali oh fenipant RTGS Ime Ra Tuts toe sy ia Sn SS" ne Stand were come twos tenet oma =" So See eae oP oe TTR a ee oS = ee = ieee 2 gan 28 eS 8 ; 2 eR R BSR 22S SS i S8ks 2 se BY 2 Re R we : Si 8 @& S28 Sn m ; 2S R = s ZS 2 SS we S$ SES SS eed SRR us } BS 2 08 & BES RBS ot mize i os So meme 19 S22 8 if & 2S im BRU Ne 22 SB I & 82 8 Sse Be 8S kim ee Se ue te me tS Be 1 BSc MM SRR Se eos Sas ile 8 (entmsed lca datain XY and eng nm 6 cap presto stngs without protective Mags Pon tr em ee bas see oe age dee ets " od Sw oem 5 See Riis me pce Reig a oe a" So Sov ee ee oe ~ veteran ‘sine st nnd 5 Se eee Se owe we oS mas 90 1mO SAB 23 ESIB I BER WSS S BS12 if 22 is BS ie s S312 2 SEIS isis sis is BRR SM Beth Sis Be Sas is SSIS @ BSI eS ie fan ie ELIE I SSIS Si i Sie ie dis em em 2c 3650 To see | 40 1om0 tee i be tom 3502 710) 650 Zu me ma 2210 44m os SnD EIS IBGE BIR I (RSIS ie Bae IS SGI GIRS IS BS Riise IS isepe eo eg br tee pin vane ansepesst tain omar nd oman EN cca panngmatccow teeene Fer = Memon saree eae ea” ee escent Ro ee ee ere So y oe a 2 = Se ses we Ne wm we Rage mg pe tase S 2 GR ome ‘ee Sees 8 Ya ie me ° si fe ome mega eae hatte ge EuSh 8 ge = Ba gs Ruse 1 ke ge ge: SS eee S$ Gm be Ses Stan Sin ES a ee ee Sm 22 22 28 tes Bg Be See Sie cnes Ss ke oe we % Bia ae Ee ‘Bae trastmon open comes cyst pien WE 0806 areata aairum open NIsono a0 smanen 2000 aose eo sxe29o00 foetan sz osans9'300 ita 3500 vir comme ens fog ton RC Sar page Uy tn. Sea nef rcs tae cx anaes onsen hea ae PR CE. gg spenee ae eeee|E ae E588R8 EN NAB i i ; i i . ikon eo ae AL veg ire0 300 | pous i fpa) B35) 20, eye 00K 95 ws eu 0 Bnioyad ut ane DL eHeCNS ONS se BESaS9 8 RARE se seneee ee ee gages oe euea|§ GE 889928 38 SEN) )abe 19-48 onto) 132 Cables end wires g i gates anced PVC shoath For cables Uj. HV witout cancentie conductor oan CContrued on nos age as,1322 Curentcaryng capacty Spncifatons regarding canon oaryng oanacly ae cowzanes hy DIN VDE age Par or castes up 0 90 KV in grand ard at DINE 9988 Part ter wee ‘The olloming Takes 18.4210 15-47 or doteninng tho maximum perited camer | cearyng capacty fantom 1 10:58, Other converson fact: clean plo a greund 0:85, protective sels conaangar08. Bearples or calating mann permite earn cacecty exam 1 ‘Cumen-earyngcaracity of XLPE cabo NOXSY x D4QRMVZS B10 KY ‘Cure rating for PUC ea NYY» 120 S70 SMOKY operating condone: ambient 1 Curent ating tom Table 12-« 2. Corvarsn fact for 40°C fom Tala 13-48, cok 10 2. Conversion actor fraying mets ane grouping or Table 1251 4, Racuced curent rang: 282A x 0.87 0.90 = ea aa oie 1942 CCurentarying cape. ld in ground cable wih Yai = 0.8/1 dina aven| Seae a7or oy | EUPE SEE | PARE ils a HE ne og alghlallé 3/8) /E ° ig ae 2 . ect eT Ee of teflet/e | ||P 00 ie [RAO = ir aw me eed Barve a rsh oes if ‘ike . i : . i aoees ost ope ww puma eee @Taio 1948 rai 15.45 res cca Ut 08Y Cretan acy to Wm Uy «0 WY a a a a a ; eg EF Rt teen re co inane case Papen MRE ‘Meta ahaa _Looe — — ‘Motal sheeih Lest - eaves ney Nga wr ee onises nea Ne Gomnec we we - Sav me ro mre tng eromtce nwwme o_o _& 9 _& _ 09 namin Boo evo init bande Sareea oder bana Ge aa Gand Ar Oat ar Gent A ‘em womrpcen _ cinonana han Cee ne @ = = a é 2s « = & we asa 3 3 23 8 3 S 23 3 ‘ te “moon Rimini corde ne = = — = a ® mom iy ko ie 2 2 8 2 8 8 8 2 8 ZS 8 28 8 2 a a0 ems aaa s 3 S 2B 8 28 = 2 2 8 2 8 Bala Sw Re wo ow s 2 8 es 2 8 8 sno (ha eave weres Bama a eigses ner nem isa nam pose ae ay SEE UNE ieee Foor esTable 12.47 Current coryng cae. cable with UU = 1400 HY : 2 8 «4 8 8 Inauatng maioisl —Paparmacs_-XLPE etal neath ‘eas = coseag NeKEBA NaKSY Mex ae wre operating tommerature ” 088, 230 3 280 as ‘rangement eo 9 & & 2a0 200 2 236 a0 2 030 035 Lai Grund AY Orwund Ar Grant A a 02s 930 Hom croscescton Curent ng in amps {0 Ths arvana we eels yl Tals Tc str «wT Joss tt auon a 9.2 coun swan a Tate 19.49 | Convarion taco for ober a erpeatires ; > 8 fe eT ee OH Cable Mex ta ‘Gorwasion lator foal enperatre n° operating tarot = ¢ Ke - >> o> fpeome 091 067 om Picestie 7 ber 079 ant ss enpmgnated cable E 5 105 105 105 105 10 085 089 098 O77 Bt 10 10 10 10 G93 08s 070 O05 BEae~ vo a re toca pent Cumin nc x geen i. SiiosaetennmeepMEEEVAeTS_ | is ranunant Grupa denen =e Zam arom ta sere a reac Someones ae serach awe rei ee ss Tea Wher as =e a ror ee wa aon wna van 4 yng oe tmys 1 095 090 ose a wee, gee} SME au om mar S 3 ’ i cao 2 SH Ee Seuatey 8 —i =a ‘Number of in “ se ‘Number of acks Bb. L se F ve + so ome 08 i wee lg eos Ew wes Goce, : i ee w 3 2 18 BS oe ah Sewn eet ver um L oan Shas each 3 il wee Grasporcavenean eo on oat — Seeoeregneeet caw one oe see Ge = (aah imager al Pa aad v ‘ual heating, Data for reductions arangem ents [Arrangereats &. Slt Sn Saeco oats aaa Treamcimageapaimenappmesrwnsticepcgeacmnen | ‘anton? Bn Lain winners "ena gin cman connnneroco Sc ere oa esTate 50.5% + Tate 1899 (enim) Cable ranger ata contact Watosrtact Number of sates nex ‘peach eer eo ee fir erouston ue of eaies under ach ater ‘on suspone or spans ‘ wipernedaacu wh re gupros tar onemnzue erage cee rome 1.00 098 090 087 0.88 “ay numberof eabes under cashaner ‘SOitacomesontan or ane arlosowrroin ab eb rus obatereay Ou pae ca | 090 084 080 076 073 995 084 020 075 073 295 O80 076 O71 O60 995 O79 07% 070 008, 098 G76 O72 CAB O86 095 08s 080 075 073 098 080 078 O71 O48 095 078 O72 070 088 Bos 076 O72 068 O46 12268 9s 078 079 068 0.56 ‘ry suber teat ext ‘oeaonomer © ii orf smcs rn male pgs ve or rari ease pal cena ne [RSS ecu et artorpomne Tabet ren dearly tsps orTae 1552 Coseson tacos, cable in ground ‘Areas (ocept PUCeabes ter GAO) == Se Sm 8 2s ss Ze eS ee oe 3 228 2S eae i gee ge Bee : gee ee eee e 2 SESE BEER 3 ae SS eee B a Zeeee ESS eens 3 Zeegs Bee oe Se 3 Bebe eB Bee See 2 RRR IG 2 ib 2 ee Bt oF See EeEaEE 28 3 Pees ee see Fa i Ho ee ee 8 3 EGE GRR Bee 2 ‘nar ergo cai, nowera pe oe rg = peri babe 20 Ce Sma canta The coneran Samat peed oy ‘Choro oung Toe 308 omen ado cable aim ound (VC cabin NOK), cron af, mst be apd cal gees way cone © oa om am Sh a Sas Sap B80 Ges 3m a8 bi 338 O73 a7 ose O88 oH gn Gap ame Sat ast mera Sal apps arate IK al tron OF 2 15 25 laste ‘aesteoer asia ‘east Siieas Calle“ DS) BG O70 O85 150 Su 00 OW OH 100 989 OR AYO OES 1m DowID fat ore 076 oa? Ger om 072 o8 oe fee Oss 052 038 Aa Aig 3s Vot'age Se Gio O96 098 a Tin 14s tap tot Sao 99 096 Sa Sur One Mis 1 toe doe Gao 80 se Sao got 870 [a Wit 19 Vas oan 10) 19) O=7 OB OM) Ae am Ons Om) 07 om Via 3S 110 108 Gos tam oar ose Gas om es Got ono ame 0/3 Oo Sif tie tay O59 O81 OB7 am O90 085 ars ure Om O75 a7? 0m Ow IN Yi 10t Gee Gan ae O62 Ser aa ore Or Gr 71 0m ts O58 On O79 Oar ams O59 Oar ass Ose Dat 05 Oe Oe OS & 5 8 L susagcse|SRenbese ‘ancome oe ggeeee & & ap ape ome? ‘haneni pieas nanan? Remert e m eS i 1g Memmenon iLB taevsss ‘Comron taco f cables an ground Srglocor cables theepiae sien souped aangement ape 7 2 a ¢ o 6 abies Number Spec eral esses ofcal mI Stayton 07 10 15 25 SaPE eae Uaastecoe ‘nd oe Toadiacer Toaster Darn ets0Ky os 05 o7 08 06 o7 G3 G8 o7 05° 08 07 ' 303 108 099 Ast 105 10048 tor tor aT 80808 2 097 080 08: 098 ast 08s 100 co? ome OS Oar 5 Om} 08) 07% mo Om O75 690 Cee Ove Om OR O78 « 983 075 069 og O76 a7) 085 O77 Or Om Ore Or 5 073 071 065 08) 072 086 080 O73 O68 O81 079 OB 5 075 068 De O77 CH Oe Orr OD Om O7@ O70 AL 3 072 O88. 08 072 06S O50 073 OSs OM O74 OM O50 0 5e3 Get Oss 069 oe 056 070 a2 O86 07 068 O57 PC cane ere Taadacor ‘oad cor ‘ed cee ogneeion os 0s 07 ns 06 07 05 06 o7 as 06 07 1 tor 162 098 10H 108 100107 AaB or t0g tt 2 a9 058 08% 087 981 O85 099 092 08 101088 aT 8 0a 075 OTe oad om 078 090 OR Ove as om OFF 2 0a2 O75 0a nas 97 070 08s O77 Ort se OF On 5 078 O71 Oe om) O72 Oo O80 Of Me Dm nm O67 8 575 048 0g: Orr oe Oss O77 O70 De Ov U7) oon 8 O71 Get a) Om Om O58 073 Ges aso ors nes 860 0 Oes OSI 055 0a) oR Gee ©) OR? O56 070 OR oar Table 19:54 cotinues) : 2 2 3 3 6 CCatleype umber Spec heal eutance oso oteysiens 07 10 15 28 Massimpregrated Load tacor eno frat end cor Lead actor oe 06 w 1e0K as 06 OF 05 08 OF 05 06 oF 05 06 OF 1 096 095 097 099 08) 100 Los Lo 1011S 1088 2 bas 088 8 Bas asl Oss 087 O82 O86 tor oss O87 3 Gee O72 Or O87 Om O75 O80 OR O75 OB Om O76 a 082 07 O69 08 OT O70 O85 OT O71 088 O78 O71 3 07 070 08 07 07 6 OH) O79 GOS Ost OTS nar 6 97S O68 Om 07 OM OST O77 07 Oss OF OD OBE 8 Ort ot 058 O72 nee 058 O72 OOS 089 O78 oes O58 0 Do cet O55 O50 06) 055 06) O82 O86 070 OR O56 x ang tate zag tor ‘oad tor ‘eas actor 03 10 os 10 oss 10 crcaer) 3 os om 03 osr oe oar oo og? 2 7 o7t or or or on 07 o7 5 087 ost ae on Des oe 068 ot ‘ 082 056 Os? O56 ose O56 268 O56 5 os Os ose ose bss O82 Os 058 é Oss 089 oss a80 O88 050 055 050 8 O51 as 082 046 0m 098 Ose a8 1” Bas OMe 4s Oat 049 O48 bao omeg Tae ro5 cones tacos cables iid round a ee Shole-core cables (5 Uren sae sytem, louped evangemest Ect : 2 3 7 5 é Catieype ‘Novi Speco hamalesslane ofsol iC a efeystims 07 1 as 25 SPE cae aaa ace ‘ead coe eer ‘ed actor 6/9 18508 05 95 07 a5 08 07 05 08 07 0s o8 oF 1 109 30 O99 4. 105 100119507 torr 808.09 2 tot oat ane ee O88 Om To O97 Gs 105 Ome Ost 3 Get Bar Bet 05 088 O82 O87 OB O82 099 080 009 ‘ oor ber O72 Baa oat O7@ ca aS OT) 955 OBS 079 5 bas bao Ore a2 Oar O75 O90 OB 075 ast OBS 078 6 Qe 07 O72 087 079 O73 D88 Oa 073 Os O81 O78 5 OR 076 07 Ome 07 O70 O85 OTF O70 085 OT ar! wv ber ors om) pae 07 O68 083 O78 aes OB O7% 069 Pec cane ‘nas aoe aa Tae Toaster Toadao oan esnony os 88 07 05 06 07 05 U6 07 05 06 OF 1 tor 192 os 1.08 109 Lon t07 105 tay aH to tot 2 Oar 095 08 1b) Ou 090 703 Og? 09) 108 O38 Ose 3 Oa G88 OR O97 088 082 057 O80 Gad 98 O90 OB 4 os Get 07 0a Ges O78 099 986 O78 O98 OST DBD 5 Os bat Om hay O82 OFS 090 Oe Gs uM Om OF 5 doe 372 Or) Os 089 OF) O88 os or o88 Om O75 5 bes 07s 070 ae Orr Tt Bas Oye OT Om are O72 0 dae D7 99 am ays 062 08) 076 062 om 075 OTD corenaon repent Tate 19386 (eontnued) : 2 3 a 5 6 ‘cebieie ——nbor Spode tema resistance of so Ko atsjstim OF to as 25 ‘Maas mprognaied a factor oad acer Lead acer ond ee cake 9 te rao RY os 08 07 05 08 07 05 os oF 05 06 ar 1 os 095 057 099 099 100 108 toe tor 115 108 tne 2 90 st 98s Oa Gar O89 100 098 as 105 amy O80 3 Der ass De) 0S! O87 OsI 095 Og a8) 097 Oa DOR ’ Bas bee 0% 08) Os Or? OBI 08 Orr Om OB O78 5 bee 079 073 8 OT) O79 Os? OM G73 089 Om O78 6 bs O77 Ort Om O77 O71 08S O78 O71 OB OTS O72 8 Om O73 er ost or O68 O82 O7F Ose GBB Ors OMB 0 Om O71 bes 87 Or) 6S OB Ov2 DAB OB O73 O65 a aae tae oad actor ‘oad taco eastacar oa 30 oss 0 bas 10 os 10 1 os 087 099 oar oo o8r oo 08? 2 oa Or og 07s ose 075 oss ors 3 7 08 or on on sr om 087 ‘ 870 ack G70 oe br o6e an ot 5 ber 080 oer 060 ag Os 287 060 8 oes 859 oes 058 005 083 Das 050 3 Om 006 oe O88 2 O56 ase 056 ” 06 oss rer sr 08 Ber 05 50g re 1380 Comers tes fy aes adn round coo ‘Seoxo.coe cable reo phase ats, rad sd by ise 5 z 3 4 = @ Cate ype ——Manbor Spc homalecsnce of sol mit) otsysons 07 to 15 2s OPE eae and ter Toaster ror rereny ‘gi rac0KY 050s 07 03 05 07 08 06 a7 05 06 OF 1 108 195 09 442 107 oD 118 1 119 an 10s 2 Ye 0s ase 103 09« 087 105 0a ass toe Ome Ome 3 092 bat O77 08) O65 O77 08s Om OM 095 Om O79 : 08 Da) ars a8 080 077 Om Os O7 O81 am ae 3 Os 0% ac ass a7 Om 087 07% 07 OB am an 8 Dm Ov os 083 7S Mes 0% G7 068 Om OF 068 5 Dra G7) Og oan O71 O@s 081 O72 Obs OB Or OB 0 677 0m om a78 Om 06s 078 07 08 07 Om Os Pic cae oad oe reer ‘aastacor peered der weiow oes oF OS 0s 07 «0S as OF © Os 08 1 098 097 099 101 101 100107 0) sor 80 2 092 089 O86 095 Om O87 1.00 06 OB 105 OT 3 Qs 084 O77 1 06s 078 ass Os 07 085 nT ‘ oa O90 Or OR) oor Om am Om Om Om om O75 5 Om 076 07) O85 077 07 Os7 Om O71 OR G7 O71 é dee Ore aoe Gad 075 Om OD G7 0H Oa O76 OD e Dr a7! Og 08) O72 Of as) O72 OB ost O72 Ome 6 O77 Om om 075 O70 OG 073 A) OM O79 OM Om Tate 15.56 (oot) ‘ 2 3 7 5 6 Gatletge ——Manbor Space Dead esstanes of 208 mi ofaysions 07 to 15 2s Massererepated| tae Toast (aaa cor ‘ana tase pong Bvt 140K 0s 08 07 «05 0G OF 05 06 07 05 0B OF 1 009 094 085 100 1.00 10010) 105 Toy 19 10108 2 feo oc oss 098 O99 OR? Tm 0m 08 10 O97 Om 3 Gee ost O77 08) 08S O78 ass O85 O77 095 Oe OR “ Qe aa) 073 Ome Oa 07% Om Gm Om om Om OT 5 Ge an or 088 077 Om Os7 O78 O71 087 07 On 6 Oe Ov Os 08s 075 068 Oss O76 Oe O95 Ose aco & br ant oes 08) O72 OG as) 073 06 Gm ON Ose 2 Orr Oop Oss O78 O70 ass O79 07 Om O79 OM O64 = Tadtecor ta ttor oad ac oad face oa 10 005 10 om 10 Oss 10 1 os 08s ag2 08s ose 08s, oss oss 2 am on a7 on on on oe o7t 5 am 08 063 062 be os ono ae * 06s O88 05s osm 055 058 oe 058 5 Ber Oss bet O58 oe 055 bee O88 8 250 Oss aso 058 om O55 oe 050 8 oar 0s 57 ost sr Ost ost ost 0 085 a 05s 048 035 048 055049 weQ Pe s7 ee onvrsion acters ables inground ape ‘Trowel cabling a Dee pase srs to ; ? 3 2 3 @ Cletype Number Specie ormaleisarce of so1 Ki ctayatens 07 1 6 25 creamer rere ‘osu tocer aad acer ans coe Osim 190K os 05 G7 08 GS 07 05 05 o7 05 08 oF 1 foe 103 099 105 105 100 309 106 1011 07 302 2 095 089 8 098 us! 08 099 Os2 05 101 os BT 3 088 080 Ors O88 DRI OF O80 OB O77 Os OB OTF 4 OS 075 06 D807 07 OMS OM ON OG OF O72 $ br art oes bad O72 Oas oe ays Oar am ars Dar é 07 068 om 07% Om O88 G7B O70 Oe am On oa é On Bet O50 G72 Gee O50 GIS O86 O80 07 OBS O80 0 66) Oe! Oss 06) oe O58 70 OG Osy O71 08) O57 Pvc ables toes cer oes te ose tate aaa for oar eeron os 05 07 0506 o7 a5 05 o7 05 05 1 9 92 098 097 asr 100 a8 109 191 339 107 2 0s O87 8 03 O90 aa os? oss O87 1m OMe 3 0s 08) 075 055 ca O78 091 Ost O77 O82 Os 4 om O78 bm «OM OF ON oes BM OF Bm Om 5 Om 072 66 «Oa GH GBT ast Gis O68 OR OFS e 076 009 Oo Orr a7 ase a7e O71 o6s are C7 8 07 O05 059 07 Oss O50 O74 G6? Os 475 BT 0 0m 062 Oe 07 08 DBF ON OBe O56 ON Oat “ate 19.57 conte) i z 3 2 s 6 Gavletype arbor Spec thermal estan oso Km oteysioms 07 to a5 2s ideas inprea. atte Tas tear ‘aad tocar \osatoaer Posing os 0s a7 05 as Oy 0s 08 OF or gens Ost 095 097 1.00 190 102105 105 18 soe Stable 2 fas Omd Des 084 08 OBS Os om Oar 101 OB 088 asearony bss ost a7s ad NAY O77 OST OB Fe ose OW OTF 4 bse O77 Off 8S 078 072 988 O79 O79 O87 Os Td 3 eo 07s Oer Ost ar 06 am 075 O8 08 O70 068 6 Or 070 6s OM ON O55 079 O72 06 OM O79 O86 6 Oye bse Ost ov Dar Ot 075 Oss OM 07S OE OP 0 bro oss oss OM de O88 O72 G65 O59 072 055 O50 - Teco ‘o0dtacor ‘oad acter ona tae “ veo wet oo 3 ast 1 om 089 om 089 ast 089 095 028 2 or 7 om or ora 072 om or 5 a ome oss oe bes 08 059 06 a 03 08 m3 057 08s 087 06s O57 5 053 058 ase 053 058 058 rem 8 bss ost bss Ost 087 Ost aay ost ® bse O87 ose or nse Oa oss aer ~ ad Oa cer 25004 oso oma * inevee grace ema to and age abl er WS thao Sams 1B chee Sfoem tame mnmznnacppriesrgecie bes ON42.28 Selection and protection _overond proton (OV VDE 0700 Pat 60) it ovescaang ofthe cious 9, socket cutlets, motors, micpmed. he overload fotecien system must meeithe oromingconons » @ 25 {nad aor (ase Tete 13-9 Ig Prospective operating cet of eromt 1, Curent ang of eo eto gs RECERRRT 35953433 1. mor omert ef ytcten men See tana Svcn ite seta t= 10 o| 2/43 3R58S832 1, Thbsbnmt tate ta rani ser ar cancion pected rhe Taree eease ‘bis 15.608 haved on OWN VDE 0296 Pat 4 and snows current ang or overond [roton covcec wit vieslad egy nvarous ways andan ambit tempore of Bere. En 08 07 ‘Specie era essiance ofa KW oad far 05. olsysioms Or Fg. 13 to 18-10 and Table 196% 10 19-62 can bo uBed Crane fe ranma longs of PUC-inslales conductors enaurig te fem ‘ook tes Ciro event of sot cc, or 3 vay of poecve dewcos regula ‘nyt vespord9 ser cree 088 ose aa oer bes 50 038 059 19 Troe vera ais nahgogram a wed 80 CR u ji g u conepe Pvceatiec an wv PVC eaie aro kv ea g Teroametnn cai dreee on tna We 148 SO ero Wee ae oleae Toevice ona Pon) g mere Na eT HOTU MOM HOMER MPHT NT sin oueng anges 70°C cate ane sas a |wee sea enk obs ope .|ana ses 88 8 cone . 2 - 8 . 2 [ees eee g ~ 2 [ans eas 2 ~|eas see 2 ~| een nea se | een sae 88 «ese wae wg «ean eae a8 ~|eae age ae «lene e928 ge ~|eas ese 3a Gonpse 2 ~|eee nee a8 .|sen a8 5a s/pan sea 3g « ofess sea 35 sows Ione 5 —_~— “Toe parma break time tor short chots lasing up to 88 canbe appronately darcminea iho folowing ein may—Lzetencaretemtng —s 50 _a09ss2 282916 106" [esaoimpssanae Ponarsoace= Pr op pecance | Bxamate: Selig of short-cut ease 2008 ‘ire ooeeecion som oop impeaance soma Hse gormed Ine ength om Fig 19-10 Nemezrarn for detomising max, permissive wie or cab fonts win single phase + Show cheats 880220 V newats fo dratveatrs fo DIV VDE 0660 rsponag np roahor cheut, ane PVE nau tes up 0 Y6 mnt Cu esTonle 19.61 Moe sera wee cane ang wn seem hr cn 20 ‘rtsoranest ON vor eos tegundn ro nacre PHC eas ‘ostumsbio sora vex, perme wie eablelergth wh single-phase shor out 80/220 V et Wore fe fees fa DR VDE 0696 ooperdny on town ckcus, nd PVCS ‘ioe of 2510 120 ne CL Grose Fuse eaten eating ene Havin esi wih 9009 impedance uBio 2 Oa, ee ee ‘Shar Mima onan wh a oop impedance 2 cron peel Girent 10m Sms 100mR 200m 200m ® oe em woe Oe 138 ee so 17881 2 ro KB a oo ro i se 2 Bee we 8 mo ase ee - So 02178 BF 130038 et 30, meh 2D ef ‘ os mater BT I 130 us to mo ts 9a 2 ot oom 2a ef : rao O82 sf 4501S — 200 0378 mot 4300269 a fea bo te Dot 200 tas a8 Dot peo the to toe feo an rw poo me peo 8 Yeo eT po ea geo 88 feo os “To ensure elite operation the vallage must rot ok betw cerain kms. general |) these bts ae apace ote metaon or spulted by the eee uty, | cncalcuatna ro voltage cop, see Secfors 24 and 8.1.613:26 Instalnton of ables and wires Table 13068 Caloation of mie parted pig toes : 2 3 4 Pungmeted Cabietype Formula Factor Puingmened Caetype __Femis er ‘te pling eye AL caba p08 Poa ox S0Nnnt Cuvee) sn omauae (9230 Rin (Awe) Win eanegr> Plasiciauates Pari o-+ SON Cu wire) (22 SD Nie lwo) ke SNinn# eo a NeLeY ee) Poked? Ke aNinmt “Tvoe gre St cable eoneees, NABKEDA cto} PaKgt Ka 1Ninmt ote Por ee | ah Winanoom Ups0SKY Ua>d6 KV ‘60.01 VDE 0208 Pars tend’ Area goxd 1Sxd 1S aed ied wed. T Tobia 19-85 fale 186 Methods of sable laying to DIN-VDE 0286 Pat 4 | alphanumeric codes and sjmbols ht eaicn a cneurexting ofiraatd and bare cor- ora | etree IN 40705, Fobruary 1980), ET ea | Corser aseaton ‘Symial—Catour Sei andere on shames wes inset BOW =+ ye ONS Tne tran consol Doran mcr wes aie nay 00 ned {ahr paps ow torn bw recs snc other verte ene os est1828 Cables for controls, instrument wansformera and auxliary sup igh-vetage ewichgear installations Cran preter one of cable ata used fr lotcalyconmsctng spell sepa tyler componente, The reactor meat ike eaount fhe oowng ech ea ramen rable 1267 Prefered certo! and auliay supply cles 08/1 RY for highataga ewtenng ‘atone, Typo NVC Ceecetea Sev Peal protection sol avy pedee 1987 ‘Flore optceabies Projred contol and eurlay supply cables 81 HY fr high-ctaye swacing | Fine opis are being uted more anc moi inthe power nusty a8 2 means of Fans. ‘satone, Type BYP Irateg tiorabon a temintrtench. Get ony ao tare oe cat im. ca ana Won daa Eoetne@ Passe Wee Got oe ote onme tas aa Sere tah! fnew wee Ere Gh a eee =» @ eee 2 oD eee 19 . cxveng ‘coca rion heros ag. t398 Prins cfm fre ope tarsmission san | ingun, 2 Sena covaoning, 3 Becte-cptcal concer, ¢ Comacty, § Fe ont Jatin 6 Qpoecical convert, 7 Oat co1326 Telecommulations cables “Tis ite ran 9 asewser of 0.4 mm fr up 0 0 pas, and 0S mm Kr rave an 16 “Tne erwening wre must be croc to ear stone end ere cable. ‘re inci fotos we clou-odes andi up mars, The redial pases ar Seed) ‘acing the Gore om ha eu mar, ee ro! 5ape Cong of cores 2 palrgabns ae ced a¢ fellows: ‘an i eaquonce ran oss Sameer mm os oe Loop reaearce atz0°0 max, tk 190 ma rroutton ‘estan min Ua-km 03 100 fective capaclance —— \GOOHZ sox atk 120820 Line steruston ipsrning quldsins) ot 20042 om 478 Copactve 300" ‘ouping IS00KZ ky mae prton Kon max prom 100% Twatvotage Ga, 300 ony 200 envicevtage meV 200 Perma tempereure vane when ve . 2510450 Satre ano ater ayng °c i Pema 75 «Cable bering ade in ‘daetat caronnie anon Ouse oh ‘ihm reas e8ebeiskeedada | 828 5828 00 | B8588 snd US cables ot ceria sles ‘orton gt a 9Tab 13.71 (ont) ‘cute cars end weights (pea) of singlo-com cables, achat data = otis T Tate 19:72 ‘Cute ciamaters and weighs (ypkal of SH, 4 and Sore cables rete data = srnidorsoecoction os qo ee, ES | eae a, ee = a. Se BS | Se ey A Ee Behay Sey SN Se BR | SEE BY a Sine tl ST an St a ee Sie mo en = ae gS 2g “e 420 380, — = = { am 3t0 310 8 ea Blage oS go> 2 2 t aia 2 a ST | wee 2 las 8 mee a) ® saw wD gk ue Bias 8 Bt oe s Bx 35116) 2s — ar a7 ar 30 80 080 one Ro (BD nto ne ax 50 (18) 28 = = 38 Ey pee 07) $200, + 80 ee ere a new p> ge Bol ee = 2g sooner oh oa 00 Ea ax 70018) at — = ae ot 2 a vais aeamn 9 al tre 2 al en a aoe 8m cae yh gat 4700 gh oak semen ee 2 abe od woe ud a ace gE & at oB oo BLE samen od swe ‘ a = swe reso 45100 ged 7000 eee nem “a 2 je ee ny es ns ee a ee ny a ot ow = of | 9x 195 25) = = - Ga e ' SE eh and ame eS er ee ee ee * apet oe, 10h Pa MAY Uamwig LOANED —ecIoNpLOD fenuDE Jo UO}. iaii asia sad] ove woe BES S882 9 0108 apa jo Gs site pus MUP PMD beer tetigetnrntnns 1) 1 By 1) 83 Sede Bs 8 or iii Burs Be Sey de des pedbesuntecetededi aan eure 130A pu MAS vobmIEG UoREGUED ‘iOBARUED FESIDeS Jo SUENTEESHO.D sus oe, OA fut Shy useMIRG NoebeCi2D “RioRNGUED LEUBEP jo SueNDHENHOID ee 8s, oanusve9) et ae SSOn ~ Table 13.75 feontrund) 13.28 Power cabie acoossories for low and mediumoltage Coss-soatons of soctica conductors Comparison Botwoon SWG and VDE Stndarde we ‘Bric Standard Wire Gauge NS) ~ rm SW Sening ends ting designed 9 tenn ad sel he end of acaba and 0 post do avitole mene or connactng be cable conductor © a elec cl seine, atch bear comparomr or an overhead tre. The sean end cormences war th cable orsrvon i mode by he ng of aang ena component erds athe gin cf pnnoaton othe epoartve cat ry rlaedlate component comeing a umber ct ftaog ras oper doing box is a ng dasigad to cemect Mo ox mare cabs ogee. Over We ‘Shain of ein ne tng Hae wo tunis ofthe rg nl cable The spn ot he [sti ctro and onde nara ne conmrcton of ne cable e mode or change by te Jing of ont commonamt. A eotneton rade betwen sralghtPreugh, wanason Seopa nse eraser Tobe 1-78 Cenarion af cetera in square mieten ane square inenes ounlnadteg on om an rafoe wiih det ae. Dpening.r wes the fre pst ha an eee conc prose an evertal core recast fg {gto be o! he antriat r ioral ane 0. 1 lscadoyalajr of metal nung aigher Geletie constr ar the cabs Uttam" change mn delacire characteristic enunes th Fla Ines 19 be cloned {Broken row contol secededAaktiona requeemont framing boxe separation of suiting media ‘eg: measures ust surah mpregatng qué om mpeper-rslated cate {aro come in conac ih PVC ns ees eat date cables ‘Tre papacin.Ate richanialy wesoea unig tre ming ra ont ing eb provide a eservar cf irpregnating oe ensure that Me fae can reponse, Aktonat raqiements fr silted cote tains + sartned etal autncs, ouch soo ~ restr immuny 1 nwocenertal infuences 9. waleright 6 Design and cannon of voltage eossories eau oft low voles od ld sens meee, he 3 = Minor = a Th See eaecate 4 i | aw m6 mw em wo — OW an eS mts ase rs. one a | . FTE an vow = — ee wwe pe aw a = ee we ew | eye ee | wa = we me sew ei Pape mag Pg ow ih 4 ‘oe 8 ww ww SY a0 1977 ents) Gu sn wr = ° mo = 7 ares om wet we Fa eT hanaeeae aw ee av = = = le a mw he a we niente a ee aw ee = a Sie a ee Tarsiopemg te oreeae pee emenr emt eee Tirana ate eames, aw ome me Ree ee as iso me ee |19.3 Safe working equipment In suitehgear installations | te gation fat ito pans a: (fearing) twhion na deter comeley se Patt 1 pare. 9 stoae at adeence of woge can aa be wccatod ‘ ial can bo suo wen the SwiN”g divce pans. TNS powsbie wh races eapactvey expled fo attr UTelornets OF | meee Sschecore: indtor of ths tnd must be ted before use, This con be dor a 220V coset cet | authing ana shooting ‘The earthed or shoes caren must be vibe rom the werkng poston, “The cath connection canbe mace eer wih an eating wen incorrect or wih a aura and sher-eting cevice A> earthing UE # ‘ianing 0" prohititen signs rust bo Gepuyed to quad agninetceclosng. Other Using an earthing and sharon de Donsblhor coc ay fiires daatingoertirgrachwisr ond convarswicnes, vee ar a tay wih tuckmoutid ‘utcrgear, for evarpie type 8D. Tk ‘Testing for absence of votage | wnenn | in medern maum-votage sutengonr he “Tre tighvotage detector sate way of esting or vetlage in swschear resale (EGR car be earted a the ose ‘rou bene: ~ wit atchgoe of ype EML by moons ‘Gren eating docennower a he open 380 oe rage terrace Sheen oe = Soe Saget ene omee ae smecebeceninadstontesepwutsy cated win the subingcacentteonea’ | 14 Protection and Control in Switching Stations Dsante clans eno age mabe Sieclnaeaes wimarco andreverevotarema® | "and Power Networks | 14.0 Introduction ta ne cain camaes under bean of rnin an cobain icing eaten four ccna ety oso VOE 10 aera wie Fa 19704 pee namin el astern or DTU ea es eo esienrgosite Raoesta ne stsesear peldtan, cnel ana aragarart of sain corwinan and eae © Pa Hae ema ne tags genie: acvat pam Sdnarvenag rare, he suet eves om MRD A > eae ae cnssemges ty nie te arcatines mite cane rea! Ngaio ere 0 consonance stone fr rata end Was 3 pears ataned ov ectey peel enhpate reser stim | pacha ‘sorawed In pave, Fig tet es an hucatn ote frctons and uneyatoms ha go & Make c- “The aarthing davice must be removed ages" ie the reverse order before the eartboe 1 Paltchnclogy in t89 contox’ of wlacriy wanemiesion ar cistron fre" Spur cin porto. Ln rcereael om sxc ajar ingueraaion recy ei ens “hw earbing and sorcteng cos at dined we wlan one exc tho rarmurn pomlabie show Grout avese, Hing been subjected to Pie eee, tejnaibedemee nO" Having been subjegod 1 i ‘Sameera nie nme Fre b ser auomaonwcrigies can pre al the moans neces fo posesing ° , Fo 1920 » ee re emtrgr enor norte ot ard ‘Extingceoes 19 DIV 87689 ror efett cae of erg equonert ans io of vt, tery a owns He Sie prace bo car secon 25 © 120 _) anning ana shor sting dovcn fr 20 ‘and 25 mn da. spherical ized po, (oman secu eo ana Inohy («2481 eutcoo uicyards, per Ganon pcre of he ore hl carting tucks provide sal. aftcive re orn tea acne ‘hoy of eck: vtloge anor earirg. ‘oracive actions ae ‘eases drow have Dee Guards arcane Inyout of emergence egimanagorent cansets indirect hitunchg be yim oad oss wih moat “ask aybe sve cat nthe vy tv pre ny peat agp srt lpm wie acing YET NN TM ee et an ‘onal IN VDE O108 Pat 1) have heen tn tha erm of lr oe pmurots ocovsumeroftopoes On aban Of cron ures and srtecn by cover ebro ree tones to oven cut the goverarg play load coves end ake Deter efor working on the outgoing leer of enching tations wit ed appa he ope ovsbor Gaconnecor Ts gud agit Coa! na anata sytore coset moeion pad howe 1 02 se ly cancam ne eng siaaton aad a ich eh mst be conliaes nthe Saing ern enc operant on14 Protection and Contra! in Switching Stations ‘Ta cable can in asion ve spray earthed wiih eating vce sttesspoeet | 4 2h ara The paces erg ee rr vt a ‘ind Power Networks 44:1 Introduction ‘Obserng the § afty kes of DIN VOE 010s Part, he aring wie (Fp. 18206 ‘rat screwed to te speriay marie ed enting pois. To a “The aacing dice must Be reroved again In tho rovers order befce eahed | seacer's pu back m operation. ‘Ta earthing and abetting cavees are designed io witsand one wxosure tho maim permiast shar-crat srs. Hoving Been aubjoctod to Ts eecs ‘oy mus be dead. Ve | Im ony. 245 19 outdoer ecards, 30 al eatng tucks rove see, ofecive ‘Nav oF otoing (or votago ad fo oartong.‘voious pectocton doves ave avelaie for grotetinggonostora.rersfrmar, nes cedomrart tera ah ted volages >t wV. The Surposs atlas ana =| sear ys rad ley, mia rlaya,ncuytieg rely); rmatre taye,noeng co relays: Ten] oommaoe) PS] js ect tncton days, ene ceay rye, con Ty, morenay-cOMaet m3 ead shag Soarataiee rate tthe Tames] feel Tama =au ; Fe ony sa yoy 0 eho secres ees tn cen ten pee vena fey = Funcions apd sbaptanm of coos awehgearhaatotene wed netsh Fig t0sCharacterize of overcome aleve 4) DTD mays, mo-sage 08 ofa taut from augned tow ppg ange by meseuing ie 5) Movaye wo ngreaaren | Te.slanee atau! fom arta ean a ent Ona sage 1 Oyeruran stage 1 emp 85-00% of latence AB 1 Autores i An au e2000 ey report tvve ghana he ergy uly reg storea by | Gottnrovrcurantray or dance rely end he connect Rater en ahaale i) feat ese 300 mor re ectve tate bie esrtza cg ns tem | ‘an operation can reeurra witout mtenuption, Felure to reclose reauls in @ S-chase: oe recone arta ins ‘elas 10 avaatie fo Yonsiomers of gareraiers ire eins for | An indaston of dracon ty obtned rom th reve veto! gostion of nests meesuring element ele! stant end. Te lay ro rkocy cet wies. currant ar sual volage. The ae of te fault ceniMed by caaring the vANeS Toque axpersien wo acura tha! he pectstn system operates cacy, ‘reeauredin ne nator Oar matheds of measirermen ar poate coPragncy cays ‘echaria stems Vonage ctays \otogsdeistions arenes ling the system nad tobe resucod as necsteary Other proecive devices used apeafcay wih cesain aystem coments inca Intron tay gate seauonca relay, revs pomer eave kr ganar, Buctholzreity,tomgararemorsors, ol evelincalrs cl and air bw ineatr te ‘wansfermars and nauon most er sanductre Bip.a chads pone se mesnrmsece onesie mmcovera nn a Recommended ylang ir in masur-votage newark ae shown Tale 44 Tab 164 Recommend grag mes in madu-voane ntworts Greitcooaer Moot ecn secondaryeciays 400 00 Soldat so, rays 20 290 eroproceesorelays 280 250 ‘Rives iiecones "gel wy en ping rain 1S, SR Manat tone che ge itoutadion etre on decade svches an sores fstion Pt eos ensue ¢ cee pleurs oft stun. Seteenonng mn ri2e8 Ca trme Deo deals uarante parent cont wd secure rongStale pretecton rays wih cecrete componaris have by das Hen ‘olny exulpped ti mlerooderers (i). gal devess ef ho some re can Dt canal functors ax wel an poteton tee, Users oa coming fo Maison; The rire spnings ct onthe rin bustn program, ~ Sever! protective functors can be cantined and eveculed 1 « siglo wit (outro ely = Tho lay incorporate constant oot-montecng tna lage They canbe contted rom a percral computer (PC} wh menu guance In 8 vont of onguagee. ‘Sea invrtacen make nem easy raga It can! antennas. ‘be 1-2 anon te cowarcormptin of eet mech! a kit A ny, Table 102 (0707 TO rave vero aye ft retay transtorer Dit. eyeing = Cubices for caalizes protection a sans, Pip tae ‘Baste schoreo rtecton sytem fer awictgen nes and vansoer: a) Gable, b) Overton tr, 6) Tanstoraw,¢) Auta the * overeuront tine protection, 2 Dance potecton, & Autres ry, «Diora. Invprstocton. s Drsctonal ear tal rotecion, Overoad proecton 7 Frequency (ate 8 Volage relay, 9 Carvin pot rly 10 Busber powston 17 Buchhole roacton wampartre mentary, 1414.2.4 Generator volt protection uit protection a used when te vans of protein find the sven Waraormar are combine wit = wath he generators ected by a cout tresker ra load dnconnestor hath the vende ranuomer hee te or ten windings 2 Insrumbar of serdoos vanstomare Te mato of arciaton (slat tyra rotaing races ‘To gonaral yout kan up accacngy for seh nid projet Aa an exam, Fy. cs shone the single tna cagram for «unk po oreegerent wit generat ‘ieutbreakor ne ge hernal peer pet esFy 48 Singin stogram of enarater unt reecion sytem, tnt conection o oe protectin syste, th gonertor ‘A tunon dagran shown ho enc rset es ma het cone on ies ae pt ito Wo superstar lrg incpondert eupe ane elated fe dorantcbices, Thi rues soperats power ‘ipntea and Vipprg matmes. Prleeon aya that component rs nes ry ap foreach otr canbe aires toh grou. Anns tty tale ete pacon rea banyak up big tested te chet Fone en een whup 8] wnt apenas pe aComte hv oe sno conmectes here ach br. tte batery equipment is sutabe tod. cua om te vctior and ito te bar ean be comecied Indeponconty Yo be de. BSE, So greg rena ex.s be to use OV fer deck fannie own, see Fg 1-8. [ods aes bo provce lr erergorloe. The tnee-phase lade ar connect es ‘Slrmotany ms poral ne wo too hase busbar thus femed: the bony rect- 0‘The allowing cecions rus bo exten ti case: 1. Disconnectors 1, 02 end Q8 can bo operated ont when breaker 0 aps (ortceton agains xtc uncer loc) 8. lstemneaes OF ans 2 con become oni tha etc Beating oe G15 or G25 is open. " sted us earring seh 4. Dscameio CO can b opr ony whan ting ech 8 I open ‘account of other end i necessary). ” ° ‘ne ony when pani 8 span taking i oecereayh 4 Dicuss Gi, 02 ang 09 San b oprte Enh when catrance arin ‘switches 05 1/082 are opan. ¥ “en eck oat antes cane’ ia rtevockconons,Swtchng operators the responsibilty of the person auihorzed. es pe ‘The arose ot moor eauee In 8 suchas babi to chao 8 caw conedton into we ines Hare the device can be didd no thoxertting = swterng paras, Local convet 10 be empleyod oly for appara: uses very exten ra rani pte cont ston caneaet uel bo coneare ether Na oh scolar colrgoy manned rman reroay montoed end cowed ede econo! ose canbe browy doled ae Bows, ere tr contol ar coset the ewicngoa. They are ued mei ding cori ‘ing and maonanea, often & emergencies 3s wet. Thay Ae ost on We apparé- (Uekaa orn branch cabice ne wor indapendony ot igherivel emo yet, fs controll oat fram the ene cont point whore Ison such at my ule ha entchgear 3 cond “Ganvol fem he aaon pael abs acces tceaon of tein vio acroen.‘Remote contrat Table 149 mn ‘Standard signal sequence fr op nseators an neators Sgraiseauence —-Aagindeater —_—_Uphtnater Als coriet vive Sw ‘ | i — z | nome EJ t - eee a | “rie | oe t reset, om Pah fm ' | @ ’ 6 roto ‘ Hig | e \ a : cageiey cory tare et - @ J qeeen ey cis TELL mee | lame con® onto oral | tm stg tS fone Fo 1800 restos © of DS Tripping oireult supervision for a circuit: Cupiication of oirouits with THe | \weater incised an open seetion” and Bureaterarangeset i ae smn 143.4 Idleton oe Operating personnel must be informed of faults, circuit conditions and the sel ‘ ran ong ow urene cog crater sntantctymanstotnmmntes me = Fee eee ee er tener Ro esteem cereten ere Seok Saare veiw on Someta senses s “The secondary ies of tnt on votage Warfomers mus oe ered 80 386 Jd ary tn ecbomn ta pace em uracoraby Rahaes Ccurertansormers mi nl ba operand wh pen second wdnge 2 tahigh ‘tes cc Ie auctor lemmas a Segara may 890th tersomer oomisery 1 3 a 7 i EB) le =I joao 1 i moss ‘aj Shaves, ze, 0) Sele anc) Categ of swenboard instumentssenension im “A Quast seni, B Coe seae, C Serie scala, D Sector sea for wut, ‘ncemorts, Etieay sea, Exar of cng: insure fr 50H wih 2 2 , U OPER we Be, ‘S16, a a 0 : 5 | Sexzbeg Sym ements C3 vert. poo, es! voags 2 Av ant connecion: 1 | Sho canent SBA sox cirent A prim vo 1000 ¥ vo. 100 Fa t0tt Gur romsorme secon Ses: T defense esitance ad power consume secon rand, Ieee tansfamarcowaa nS A= | ‘Betten! macsurng nruman's havea cass cooing. Te deste {ier2s and. rows date ine monsverento reang eri tie ond nega, Toy Maye atthe ep oe measuring re (Gootes 01 1205 are pecsion neruments, Dose sbove ae ns “The shapes, Sees andeadng ctawletboadindomertsaresurmerizinny. 12. | onyy Sg Memerotamans | Transducars ine fal of poser enginestg conor input varies such us eu, ‘ote, gener and stn requancy nto ansogue alocreal tut cues, usa (Fine form of pressed don urent ow eoretines als Irreared 3.0. vlage. fem partes sua fr aubeaquene essuredaho vl a wy ie LE pw sw i i hd wle iy [Fm a fe 7 Sennen ceaooy ma Favetoomiog ne ue ibs HLH GannTable 14-5 shows ypiew power consumo” figures fe he main types fnsrument mabe 145 lew power conemptons of measang insures, seats, moe, Fans mete wih akemating oe n Bi ce ig onergy crac loz av or paps tod 2aro-volsgs ndator verva | So a4 Vi, | | See sna __tsomt_sasiria » ett ps a Seer ww eos aman “The standard bsrumertaon lor syneronzing conde ofa double equonoy ester, aust votrolor and a zero-vatag ve’ Syetvosccpe. When the vologe ZT the phasalarpe gout so Fig. 18-14 Po ts Darciaip aynetwons "rinse oat ans erplas way of checking phe colncidence. When te phases ancl pate AD and BI have he seme poten soho amped nt Ua Urske a zec-olye mate a ayrohracope i akin ol motor wih neste whether ‘he gonorio being crmactog reds trun fase or Sowee. ‘When syotoriing gorectos wih para ota lvoe a aleays advan 10 tomo erm euota synchronrzton Wi ereeuttakon of vaspe chase argo, [Tocwercy and toaher operating ine, Pe comand fo cove ls guar 80 hat ‘reo sorte toch secsely he irstant the phages ae te sme, ‘inen comecng pars ofa retwor a eefian to use syehoniam tsar whieh ‘ue equipped wth ony one syncrolan unt, n most Inston sccompanie bys aynenorim Test ao cata a chock syncwonlze, The contol ‘rte branchog moe! be atarged 36 tal to Branches carro e awed nat he 1427 Matering Meters ee used ir cetnining the amounts of power supe om the power suo (rdenauion sytem tothe consumer The selection cena ar shown in Table 14-8‘As wal ae recording eutne messutements, i th event ofa outs leo meorantto Teconstue and have evidence ofthe suroundieg cteumstarces andthe {aus ceurence Wr enoosingthete iene, care mutt be akon tat hoes for use wth Tsoi, The stance of 9s ean ba read tom to olble-creut nes ncusa means cl corpereton. Fauilocalos canbe ine erm of {he A885 ‘RANZA’ tang of soparala ures or Integy ate othe ABE INDACTICL ‘5 taut recor 14.38 Recording ena iogaing vont recorders “Theo ar ncocety' et sytem management andre genecaly suring th imornaton en cares vluges, powers 358 Sane vere ‘rca spate ot. 9. fo te ABE ADACTIOY ange. ia vs sting tere a. 8aviabe o Sereguiragin toe tgoter wa ne tre, on pier aoe shawn tenses ch the VOD ‘etociatorenore a ak ro oryee pee ‘Te sence auilaroe of eeting satena ince atematcWansier facies wich, betoaer 10 seconen and soveral minutes fo Sow rods Sectors 1424 and 1048, Fig 1417 ‘Bink alsran cfs asomati ranch ana utr rans cy =e Sequence ear, C2 elt doos nat operate; Sigal M (1) Stet conte, eee tee Ft os, Fst ner Nagao 703143.10 Transformer conto and votage repulsion “Ta tation pane can alo show th vag abe maltined, 28 wel a th selec ted taprings. ‘Ottoad tap changers 16 use in networs wh te Fuciation in fox Te tap chan- get covers a bande « 5% of te guaravteed oporsing valage. The ips are changed ‘toad in 2x2 stages each of 25%. Tris can be doce ony y hand Srsiy ante ‘tanto Fig. 1048 ‘Base ctagram of aca io changer cont PRCT) Mone tome, Mt | mechanical is | mechan (EF cose eet seat sth FET) Hora owe © | oecar @ oneretr PyCT higher we, inchs Selected tapping shun ‘mocnanicaty Local rena selector ach FET | igor enor seca! or ot Conic tin sone Cone stip ‘racwe 1 contelystem ie connected walage and instrument taratermers at the 6 net ing in pal Ta at coat, sp ‘evel tha reds ob hed eonatant “Sica hen as ontop toings of al naan conseces paral ‘Sinatenoous manval suo operaton it prevented by elect switch 708{44 Switehing station control with microprocessofs 11481 Outinn “smthing ston conl nai ving micrerocessrs and ae dota wars” pa femal he aaaulenes functions of he secondary systema in arsorner arc aie Ing nsstator, La on/08 cont erockng, measreren, exdoaex con oe | akon agrarg, protection (eedere and busbar) and meteng ee, except metering fortnvolcng eurposes. ‘ut computer-aided ayeems ofr mote: process cgrosts, the resto and ator ‘avon dosenaleed subteiors,ogethr win prerinary ovate data procasig ‘Sh cing the ganar! ask network menaperert ‘Acadia! lone of ee new tennology Hs Be slagnosecapsby, whic atone has Gouratana Donets br Um user even lhe docies agli ote: raw poskilies vane phones, TEH PLC communication, Z Metering, ZL Terminal inks Further deta. cont eons era tobe " her detats on te doin ot founa a Section 1453 jena devices may requte many diferen autiar volagee and power concen = Theses benseen te devas ard wits ho swicgen rue a groat eal oftng reabing and mears of meng “= Tha iomation fom the switching apparatus hes to be aspiod sepa 10 ‘Terres input fr poveton, cao, riroka et, 60 nif the mereas ‘Seorelested = Cheering the prtomance a he nai! devioes a aocorgaiedby rere ciiout — andarized sewer supply and wily cones~ Sorel data arate minimizes wiring dover) ‘The tancions pertomec nth bay na 0 baloty those whle requ sunnary tom magus “esatcycare h Suieeencgiaturatrga (EV < EXE (Binge coarse Succ ew" ue Sean 3 ns conned um ceabe 168 (eonteueds “Tasks for provers computers in conta cons ae subetaters ° 7 ‘ain scion and ‘erase er Procmingimataons proces compute Torani tnetens le nscatenoeceniy etccralta ey sap ‘eh ofthe mary inctone av o be incorporate n a cona cnte perc very Imus on ne performance epeaicaton ced francia eseurces athe wins Gapota- Decks te ena ala rat fom pa fhe pine'g pas, Fer smell and modkan-siged tn ad regina ent! corse, an ay evel system Cano bused on pecsona omputra wit eer rapier, th pecass bang (rl sr om te esout moniors OF tere maybe tara fr rosie mana (ornent one or eine min panel prov an overall pcre an er omagenoy Spector. Dosides putty letical crit rooms ‘er messun-elage ratwrts tie category ‘hen aes inctles mstpurpoee coral os far ron nds of ener, @ gle ‘ay gns dab heating and weer, rich are mrtored in prale! by ane omautor eter Thre ary and towards contin network nc load-ranagememr, ‘ake nt some system. ‘ery erasing deans ara nade oto coroute syst ft age and compen at ‘werk rrenagerent aslos and or excdepaching ceatres. Hera adetana ction orang i neok operaton toes datuor netork planning ard statics have to be povies, an wel as network manager it ‘Sniy ct ben other besides to hacwar, the neberk management syster'e capebiies are dotemines fsove ally tno aotmare, An kmpoan earerrent ce aware, ar rom pat Tring alte ots neon. sat shoud be aos) so, Th sae mux pe aot ‘Tawage tho yam wohout ny rogram sis dwn dalogut gudance easy De capala of sdurmonts ara anges the dea ad natvork conigurations. ‘contcheentes equpned wih proves computers rome anumberct ir fcitns mt ‘nol: Beste condoning ‘er he comput rooms To mani 2 censtantelmos: Dw, en uncteroptie power upaty I eaceosry to prevent date Kom berg garbed ros. The WDEW recommendations elated o sarin (388 Sesion 145.1) dal wth ne per. {brmerce spectonions and enlemertnon of process compu systems fo NtWOTE Iraragotrot, They sap cove aspects of reading wth ho prcess, me Wieck oer and ie cone room. vat“= proventaton ad interteion of ifmator, taking Into acount dtring ihe noes ath a lve 086 wis | tne escetve sears doa wih contol rtm ceslgn a gonara ana of ein: ‘soihay canbe adapted wiht cy to ay et of equromont, ‘neni eapn ean eomraren and hoa nes Se Sr Seintte on spcobcatins aicabe econ tum Cony _Aathnconl oars ftan sean a electing ho mage fhe susoy uty iss are ‘ner sgtcon aspect to ba conecoreain cing the her stngs ana 1453 Conta cones, design and equipment | ane 1 inaceon to tha aul vane of slgtiog ard cort to pr | cinorintetigent davies for fcating fouls, large-scale dapnys “Those ams cost physioeges cro! by rota of gma hn, cite oder ct, te soe sme mae Seat ns rar at 722FS shows an exanpa cf onl rom na songz rors cnt etre ase css ws Snares, els ome one ‘Yorentedunay andcerintan lptstsen evan se Seas {80 See some ve cha erent tring ptf tgs netwo conl crore Fo. 1425 Layout ofa raion networ contol ram 1454 Telecontol and wleconto systems | ng with dla processing, acon plays 8 vial ae mn oonralnswerk manage. rant ts communications technology appt Wechrical roceasos, Rs euros ‘Do economia! ard wala Wanarissan of dla (6u0 a& swtching and adusinent Commands, egras and meseweents)botwoen the deserved Statens (2g ‘yards ane carta orl oom. ‘andere ember TEC 60. px 371 | soon tis subiect, gre der Ferrite, publobed as tect No, 26 by ‘Ube: Vetg Gr, Beri Ofenzeen 1995, as been rough p10 ceed conta til catnons mn Engh and Gorman ane Fassodio closet ustatons vis adalna elect fod Ines. CGhocsing the most sutabe telecon! sytem depends on ts requd perorance ‘Theat citria are tha vou of iareazon and ROW up to-date needs tb, but ‘Gal importants is ncorporatonine teary ofthe contel system a aw. Fraquaney dion maple (FON) telecon systems ave now used ony cated ‘oows fy wry sal volumes of data er stein, or where fact acres 8 Needes 12“The lasses of aeeevotage leit valves and nsaton recuitamanis ar shown in {or telecontil systems and Ineraces with © Fanigg tag and 140. The choke of class depends onthe characorstes ofthe sichigene. ree 169 Nelee-velago ft values end inuston resroroots for tinary sna “Tannese votage | Lerghudral wage — Oversina ‘BBVAG Bvos. Saiki Sawnee Be mis eam ro ras0 : aro of mero emeson a ete toe oe aan mu ian bean enn iuaesEVAG @ x ar ae ame ‘mouts fn / OF curDURs {bj min 10. MQ at S00 VAG, (3) i Grave weatswvaS 9pr mm conmanis Nelaowtoge tnt vans endinslatn egareensferenaoa carats mands ta sihlng davies a ranslormars rade ar apprstioncoM 78 ____Temnsnevorage _tevotvarat sien ‘ands of 69 VDC asing 100 to $00 . Suge te are? ee ‘ih a awcing dev eve ae a Surge tins Tint ncwual groupe of commands ora conmacs fon Pe are? for teleeortotaquismer ‘ath sao BUI Barer Icteatone " ‘Garey to aol’ uel opeating ine Slgrlsnrespons to swing operators ‘hou, uoatever potable be generated isalyn 9a swtetbay. ojorad values are fod 9 he eecontol system as cauring pues or coded ‘ountroal The neg dos rary coders) usualy have @ dress and BOD ‘oan tt cout A dean pt ia oaed forthe ght puts tote tecontol evoment 70 mma - wo ne Gonectia condos 148 Load management raple contro! Cis ineuated sires ances may be wae 2 connec the teecoriol quant 1© 44.41 Purpose of pple conto and loed managernent nated ae yb ts Ccrvancantnacian ‘At Pract eee cons rjatr-poct sl bm stably ele ot the wos necessary, Tha oma bet kid underioor gules ean ays orks. rte uppaatua mt be grtecod win dtng, 62 Fipple conto es ad shiaing ust be connected by lew-ampodancs jos Dpolecive ems conductor Sgral rie mt be outed eway Rom tne ‘The stnderds covering aeecton, stalin, airing ant conneaon ofthese con. 28 lower isestsione wih nominal vokages iprant for ue In sincta power insta 109 een arcdeseratancfelacommenicas “The tcontl does sre usualy connec o 8 secre 90m aaa bo sort he power inne evening lain ae ri oe toad paitern Denwesn might and ™ ‘Spm, shown oe queria SHera908 Spee ulbout a eovetoneg.“The terns have a ditt pubs sequence foreach Kind ot sal and ae rocosed by © saving Pdse, whe meder syste alse have an Ire pu ‘om cation ctor [and compenantng eapestor borg oarnected ws sree, “The requisie sudo frequency votages ana eur are necad nto the suy ret ‘oc by state voir ood by ether set et cousings. htatng ou te aus ea {om to awiohing nm eae ‘onecies te consumer a are inuctvely inka whlch ach ener trou se tararter unt ee con gulalons mus be obsaved when oxi # pp , ras ls eo ee {odie laccmmanieaion annals, 29, VT channes raion ol German Ewarety Cores aw ways ef operating ple certo ystams havo become posse asthe rest of gue ae aos th recevers fo farclon as Tote conotes tiers ruthod,chargnover ies can be sored in he sufchng progam o: sched ad ot Te salvates byt interal dk. The Umetabie can aso be mocked, a Ie Usied according to tempera or istanoe, or the en command port. tie tren oy necossay to send synching sigs ram the corms are so Ne receters, pepe once 8a, 40 thal he reeves can conve ts funeon indepen eet “Tho contol eyten is thus unaeetea by custo Wfueroxs In conseauence, the Cera’ rie cond equent and tw power dorian ring os ommunvenios eran! rust no onge? be 100 % avalabi m ofc fo be carn hat tho prepa coral soton awaye tks place. erofeal fr vanamision wits tours dt now exes fo aocarsmadate is raw opproneh. ‘The equipment of conto cet, tanamissionequpment and eeehre ° ‘ovfarn the protect bath converera epi con tects and of aa-Io- ‘ected ansmison- ~ Paae vaineyiatime— ~ “TL weanomitednruptpuse 14.8 Flppta control command contre Fo. 1428 “The process fcontlid and mortored central hors the oad management unit. Trane of contol pcos wis and without inter pulses ema tis ae: |$T stating puts Exccation of time ond event-bazed conto} actions according 16 defined time choses + Display ofrecer sta — Cominuous messuemeet et sytem loed anc eacuaon of fad vend witin ag 15 utes) = Detemining power corecions and scheduing consumers. tor connection daconnectn’ orig ottraiesion equipment aro transnitg ple Wore by rath ta sbetaion cna~ Thenaw tetcogy aso reuse raons of eqitarng time schedule stredin the dooertzed cavers. supporing the setand scutedWonomissin poe ‘Th appcainstardards are covered by IEC 70 and EN 0870, 140.4 Equipment tor Apple contra! Fipple conta ecusmert e usd fer betng the aco requency sign’ nt to omar supty net ipo contol ranemiters isi cont ransstors are static covers whieh ret the ntact stage 6 {201x/380 Ver by tigguring paver semscanducore (ysios or ranlesea aoe worine dc atage ine autostecuareyvolages wah srs posses as ator oct ‘Spal tthe tansrater opt power ib eeded forte apa 180 150 AVA ae needa when fdIng Heo & mec {0 1S00KVA fora 1TONV Rghtage meter, tos ofthe SPLD.ER, LMS tamiy have caconccuten So taton and canbe matched Ue aneint behave rent hi ings Tre srr Varamaters can be used fo paral and wai copings. Instalaton and commissioning othe wane e9 prank mus orm to tha ee venllEC cardar epoiazons coups ‘The auc roquony generate bythe doco contol Yanaiter ms ba imgosed hn he supply cater a th erect jection eel and wih minimus esses; converse {ho ayam votage and ts herons must be elf cianty damped go oer mo ih the vanity. Ts ee task of the covsicg, ‘A dtcton fe mace tween Ivete (es coping ond caps ptaal counting. ‘The choice of coun teigue depends en heed ‘ple conte fequeroy, a thoes ntancn Me signe ane atan to, isthe dcign athe stn lng oa wiht estes Irate aspect (evance o igh vatnge cole tr paral ona eoneldraons 78 5g. 1490 Prncil and aquvaen ageame of ar Shel ara sons covang of pe contrat Seen cua. Fl 4908 saint ers cng pe mnt wah rons wi, tear an Shot SePnovavgvtge drop aors weno’ Zend ghcigs rete Bhaconporoie he sar 2h reg cond . cept ince octen bang ve aninseunert ante power ane ‘ine aad tuna) toomee cava Yafomed te ire Miecton el ep Fe esi vee, 78 V mE ofa) ae rfases back o Vio Tsien omred soi ava wanes teu eso ores ae ae ower wearer ncon he 30 Hae sso ance nse nas ho aba cm per tantrer ot ‘pebirtewotevtage fee, ts won uta or Sghor Brug aos Parts ewig Fi 14308 eto yeosin tis je agora Pacers, Teagasc ai tres tr eon ree on tor coger). Mas equaney owt ectone os 2H ranisformer Z;-and high-voltage networ feSererbepondee na aealansoe coven fom fp aetaa newer Cousrg othe 6 enews fered Saab aamoy, tapas on mo hearer sets roy clans pw Te ange of hgreongs capadon ard co {err oo fovorty eso egarcyana enw pecan 8 {Siozstee'2) dhe sora vs cd1485 Apple cool rocelvers Fo 1491 ‘rosd-band response chiracartes of apo conto! receivers for common tars: meson requercies — Response characte ofrecalvers, —= Harmante votage ive of re oe Uy enone vatage, tuo Reqvenay, UyyAudoagueney voage “The péncpa components oa convelioral se corral receiver athe er mea, ‘haelogram deceding unit ard ne rusia tape, 708 jos wih cpt ers show pariulaty goon evaractrsts sunpreasing sytem at he consumars ord ovata ro puss he 20 He suppy, and conver the ro feos very recreated frsais oY He for Scare, | weer 1692, Fite order Nt = 186, NZ = 986 (aseaded 300 uo woo moO. 260 BD 20 iter curve ota dg ter wit optimum suppresclon ol yseeRarmonic and dtnes nophboung requenles a8 Heiner “The desoting uri e8n evalustateaprams generated by dierent Sale cons Treaces ei" Genagye Decal, icone, ets ain by rans ct so aed ‘Gaam parameters The Wegmans are usualy enended mourn or marae cee ths ope onthe “erste lignes” prio and pot yenourted on re mae bower ect an ne mete teins Ted tens rd tsing thas are cota EC A037 andar ob airy for pi conve! cae 19918 Ancillary Plant 45. Standoy power aupplien 1841 Genet ‘Standby power supply Plans take over he suppy of pe to ection euipmant fauts case do far of the pute sup. ora dec uno} appears Vda fr teamesloreconomie reasons ‘These erent requtements gv se othe foonngcxtgoras ‘Table 5-1 ets use reups or standby power supstestagather wh examples che soeut gysiome they core. ore etna ey Geom oe aie waa a remarks ad Facer dome Sacer. Bp SRLS” cca on vor 18 ty, Hrgvvee tongs, aang “POY PNP Oren Spies | Seoeoaonm a bem Ses omer on EET 2 eee Fanon cone EOP eure atone ‘Aiport, awa corral pial contul syste, runway, tamer and setety uti, rai and radar. compare away stone ‘ental ora yt sey i i restarag erdefmang yams oad won wad biwiac” Ugh. tiation monioang Hers, fee eigenen onlanner ae m0 ‘ster monitoring and supply stor pacens spate, automate onl estoms 18:12 Stanaey power eupply with power-generating plant Laaractors for saconday power upp are proerbly even by cess ean. TH ‘spies bobo “Emorgoney power ple whieh expos eases loads on flix of the gone poe sph sn 10 ‘iotonsorvcas pia, which sett continuous operation Supphirg pom ie ra cvart of pie yer ali, cae cover daly load 928k Diesel anges fr erorgency power ganecsiors ara pradominanty highspeed eosin ai towne cf east £200 mi". Boedes © Fgh power wah 86 tn creer etayrasning toe synebonaus speeds of syetrancus generals. te apo the gentler, te Yard owards brushless machines. Totoro IS Be ponent a proved by Sn egal vot-erited tee-pase extra ell ‘Saree ctatng ses Tro volage le eg.ntein tha Sedo tne vee phase exaket, Setar sro no rusts, ewer S20 parts ere neuded enc nainenanee dice ‘ABSeraiy. Te sence of buch dactarges meen at ven th lrpest rachis Ge ererence tea win no noos er special measures, the woage has 1 B8 He Fave icy ine overt of ot surges cttexced corpouna generators co ‘Sanivollage goers) sould be used “Onty very rarely can he eapacy fhe govern plant be datrmined tor th un of “naa Toads wth alcnance fora every fair, Te par copay 8 selte of be veeus once ith prove charged dase! onghnos, reumcy reaporea 8 bot wid bacnized operation, Ae rogers te Mra age ange vga) Starred bythe ior AmB. WE ma__ . + Inaeavevales speed and vole ber ar given ISO stancar a528%ans 4 Sugetoading 1 6), Smal machine are esvered by 0 standard asa Fa. Messmur perrole dyna resueney ad vote vritons sir surge la 1 PeegNo operons of acva ad ane eurent ana power factor Of aporeprate tng ‘tpt oad nih posable ennacton segue. 5. Engine room “Tearapen socens, oundains brain camping, Tenn, space heating. 8 xara ceoina 7. Vortaton ard a sip ‘Engine combustion a, engine room vests, cong ar. 18. Gos amavet sytem ecraust tng stack, eral insula, waste hast utzon, 2. Fue capa and storage 10. Stanger and cont gear ‘Swéchgear, automation. epuetion, prolactin and entorng, aula sup yer supenision. Gnce on projet lnning is covainad 10 standard 8628 Pa 7. 18:19 Uninterupted power suppiy with stancby generating plat (rotary UPS e. 2 ater fr (upto asoutsorain, 5X Gonverar and tno! with cutcrcnupod 0. engine fr prnged SUREy(rae- ‘eaty otto _Unimarpod ne-beak supp ystems (irstntanecus avaab BY) orate eosoraly of & sion with ctor pans and or wih 2 tnsaation sto [Ahiuge of se, ambient tamper, huni, formation on cat pecan tmuan oe erbet erpume, hay. matron a opensile the Faquency ofthe conve fas a8 rune down una the moment tn hax ‘Siete nsyrcvortim a pratetng sich chenges over instenaneaust tori Sino oa ho i owen. Abwtery con be wtodrioad oa dese ergne (ig, 18-16. Shot break ump sy00s Sort rook eupsysystms ce ape emergency power uns wih a fae ih Perea where ony metutne sors 250 sar if accoplale, They er aly oe eam layout aw a Unracrruped sya witha over co Wh he sera tne ganerto face powes crawl othe eds, whi wih 8 shot ee, tte fe lana nomaly dew ok energy fr the mins network 16:2.4 Unintereupied power euplin wth attic Inverters (attic UPS systems) Pinole or uncon Lnirtarupted pone ely syste vn stati vere ee Beeorng roan ‘camran, beste wae wih etary converts. [ABE UPS insalaion ave based che compact, aster SPECTRUM system, nates iPx. The general rangoment ls shown Fa 15-2 q | “ea _* @ —_ i Fig 152 | SPECTRUM UPS eyo, sees PPX, LG Charger, WH vai, SW Por te Sefnerirouout SB Sta bysos, Wa Mafnenance byaast 8 Baty ‘ice eit cen be stored rely only 8 ret ourent an ntrdiie ot Pine ccs Po bts pecrananty corned to ister ct, The 8, ‘Rome carer at reted by tho carpe UG. Tae verter WA then rns te Cre Coven bec o aeraing core. 48‘Ate wi optinizad characteris wn fvanin ibe avert oh vactens, ‘Toe maximum feng of pomer provided as backup ‘tem concent Each conatr provided wt a sats bypass svtch 89, Fig. 152. On overons he Venalation and nsatsnon ‘Yetiabonis by meena of ult tana. Noe foe's needed thers. Argldbace. ‘Fare mates sation aay. The ealee canbe reugit nor above or oS usrng ofupet the ro oars tt nme Tube Scans nk ‘he phase cterance beeen tem sal ~ the crcutbreakrs must have shor eperating ines ~ the cis st bo capable ot handling any transl phoncmna ang cng a hangaovercperation Typical apeceons bn practice, nemal power stators ar ganeraly designed win to separate sures? Fi 18 Base agar ofa un type power station: BT Gonsator vanstomer OS Goneator ercuveaker, EBT Unt vanatrmat, AT Sexrup tanstome: SUE Righ seed ctangecwer equine EB Une any enone m8 une jer ar ar sve osg51822 Changeover princple ‘Suthing the power supees to igh-atage motors ges rae to mechanical frees 4152.9 Design ot high-speed changeover auuipment Pip 186 Decay of resid! vetage Un as a fe ton of fe Pp 157 Ccitogrm ofa shots changeover hing operon. 1 uber votags, 2 Gierantal vataze Up. 3 Curt afer changeover ¢ Curent before he changoover Un Resi! vatage, Vay SOV VOREGE, Uy RUUD valk (298, Dead A, oy Nor mee od cure bj Resttuatstage changeover In cases of supply are where the votages of the no ysis are not ynctronows, [Setening 1 tho heathy sytem canot be pererrred uri the rescue vote othe erarglzed moore bee ropned 1 8 value at which echnical ana ecient | components ra not endangered.noma ogerafon mode, evry pecs relay whose operation in ressonee io 1 inne png ol te noel ower sup shod ao sar Me change mark fant apraion so occslonadyreiles equipment to be svtned from one Source étsupsy la enober. eg when string or shut down a generar, of When ‘amecareo work on one suppl fs necessary. 6uch operations can be parted ‘uaky wo by Bo high-speed changeover folly 415. Statlonery batterles and battery planta ype and oheracteriton $n sicher netaitlons or surging power to cont protection, ror eve, decent fhe moi Powe: BLS ed capac ofa toragebatry are determine by te erie vale Pigs nosor ha permit vage lranoe oh nil as tent rtocton doves) tho power const of th varous fads, he etait ame meyers nopratin athe mennes wth thy row power. Two ran (pps of baer ar used for sichgoarntaltons: Load aca bates wih elctodes alan Had compounds, and fit sue Stas ertne eave Tay are employed n swtchyers, arto salons ad power lois beaver even relay Pgh power demands for onsigereie eng fire, erergeney (gr, ype of cal for oad act bari: ponte on-ad plats (ON 40790 Part & 2, OHV 40757 Part 82) | ‘Test oguoment i este lots ees tee (DIN 40 723 Pat 1&2, DIN40 736) t ‘tn postive PlaI6 toe, humour ose Fy abled tty cuca sae stu oid wh gates it = Saumar wich aos re sy toe mia ont inet renege ae [Netetcndniun atring war pote elects of nike compocra, regalo, sr ab con 2abing andro eres ca cia shod Oe trodes ot encum and Site potassium ryeronde as he elecroyte. Tay sre used ‘heck for contr. ‘tain In eal ta metdumze smtengear nealaone where space rid. Pratered typo for ike caamien bars: “TTP _: wih postive pockets lates (DIN 40784, DIN 40789, O1N40 770, tana ne as wena doves el nang cores i or TSITSP: mh porte psteipe ster oe {re operatlon the even of fast Dapanding onthe ype a Sn vance be moos sonecte to # ay expanence Yolo cokes rated > eon yorsoran? Shange'npece ani and achergaintrecvency. The lia he a 2 ccna lan kt nr elaine of ati na {rect no chars ota recess phpnas chance lees asamasechtiwamsanen encore enone | me 7‘Comper wih eadinde bates Rey have coin edaages anddisodvalages: | Pinal charge vag: “Te thal dscage votaye {Uy ea cetne vaio baw whch tne wlage mtn a ven aesharging ate eect corer “Theremin al chtege voRagS Ua Ie ved e lemine the none ang Ky ‘When powers den ate rom Sahar SUPER y= te Gaseng votage: “The gassing votags(U) isthe charging votage above which gas frasonbocerns ont appurent the ate: wih load ape borates 240 (9 2.45 V per cel, wth Fetal cmium bart 1.5510 160 pores ect of change: charge ty Is Ps ato of te quay of ecichy rogues or a fat Sarge fo tho quay of bacety gredously wan Che recprees of chara ronna rattanes: “The rir resistance of aba cl el depends on re os tperaie ard the love of docharge, The vahise given fr guidance n Table 159 apy 10 & My ‘Shatged beter Fig 189 shows miaral eto in rein to eval ot Sherge ‘Acontsetesstance of 20.04 2 ot may be apes the eamectons between one | ta J ‘oa ad 6S 8G TOD 159 -esisinnes characters of torent ina of Baty in relation fo ove of ce chage: hour (e 9. y= Sour ating] E Lave! ofecharge, P,ntemal resicince of batary por cal $ Leadascis battary 9Pe OPES. P Lantacs hatery pa GO / Gree. 9 Loadaci batery Noe GOEH. ‘Tae aston yl ean Shoeotcndmam beter oe HTP, 8 Metotcadnism cater hype T3/TSP 7 8Terts. Nea bates ead ets opr Go /G0E GwEH TIT Ke a a ‘Sect cera ot hates Characate Norn ang x, Tate 15.3 18.2.2 Battory horging ne iacharging = 82 fap i od i 2 fs es i : i : u 8 fet s,s RB f iy i ; ; & i sates “AN7T2, 41774 i destsf] oH | sesame emenmenn ae: Snore or ocean Brag 5 ot ‘crag tancermiar Sym SS S12 ey ; a i aod: i ae 28 8 i Pou a BF #4 oF ads baad HORE Lng ATE HEME HA HJR HE‘15.4 Battery aslecton ‘The design cf batery facia fe govered by the lead concions oozing Inthe “Such tadation erat erparane "med 9 Taqued te ov aenaey owe tha mas a) Notage aps eonnocionbernean charger and bt | Laer eieton le based on he ra Une Teck charge vlogs por et (Grangeover by hand must bo posse when charging betas ot higher votgas. ‘poral eperaton, te rumbac (care must be ther o isoonet the supa fed loads or supply bus fhe mana | ‘ei-earge volage ante maximum paid gotinuous demand ago omit vales as excesded fh operating maces ottr than costant erage. jg Yimnt Ben aro cae capacty curv a 20°C the chosen utente acharge dara doe Fa. 18:10 Fg. tot8 Fig. 15092 ‘ure aterycpsraten: —_Foating operation: rangesver operation 1 Drecrcuren soure, P Load, 3 Batley Important rate! ‘sates connocid rcie's and vere ho chavsceies of hay cemwors must i be mutch fo each ote! fr al leas contans. Tho eaecshy ef the Wo vote Fig 1549 Pp o4 ‘evel vat be rataned und’ loa currents an aces Accrdiny, he esa “Seacon curves fread kt batvses Selector curves Nica bates ing device must be abe fo supoy at leas ines the fled cunen er 8 pene. ‘ype Tang TP ‘his adrecing othe vohage redtin aeciled by VDE. Vion reteredto Ke = J00/AN aloes tered 0K «100Fig. 15-14 snows na over 3 hours 9 madam of 76 AN ea Be drown with Ky = 100 Ah | 8.26 A To. actiove 40 A one roquies 100 Ah 40 A 28 A= 199.3% ANIC Datery of pe TPIS i= 1650) 8 ehoson According to Dit VOE 0510, each ot container rust be nsates ns sy Wi e5- Doct oath, Satire ay be mounted on = wooden floor rams, | = sped wooden ramee nw ows ow bind the he, = wooden tacks, = feor mauris ules wah no fram ‘Ascogerds meistonance, ti most orveriant¥o have he oes arranged on one va. ‘Statonary btris ere avetale as scrowed or vaided types Hare R rus be noted, owavor bat wih lage atleras tha bold "ya ls possbla only uD to a capesty of [Rove S08 An cargr Bata are avahoble ery in weed orm, as te Wego crop ‘foes ave ternal woud be co pret ‘sentco panrays Iti stated n DIN VDE 0510 atthe rom of ols must be accesso by mare of 8 | Ganga, With foo teres te Wot et ho gangvny mua De a ast SOD rem, thy iis at lant 200 rm, Howaver, thos bean found practes thal gengerys ofthese ‘id are att marow. A mnnure ah of 600 rr terelor ecommendegvh oorerouried ames and 000 mm WF (chs | Bator rooms ‘Banery rooms mst be bul in coords wih frm J3t oft AGI stagnate Elta or Tnduneberiove). Bary room af ‘eotcid-coess rooms of normal trating neg conaring bateres for aunping ome 1 elec Istalaions. \eordance win BIN VOEOS10 and DIV VDE 0100, hey ae nesod local praises, ftp wetaaon designed for aad voage up 10220 V, ond as ‘ecko elecica prs ith Intaletions desgned ke fatedvollages above 220, Furor dette on tn ev consrusion ef battery rere 61e to bo ound in Secon foe 15.4 Switchgear station services and lighting ‘oh ndoor ae cundoor we goa atlas rogue airy powor er peposes of | Gpmraton: ent end sparing for ESN 700 ma15.41 Station serene power demand, equipment “Te ang cables and wise deat wah in oston 8,17 and 19.2.4. ‘Aten must lea be pao the manvactures’ quienes, ‘Tae power demand Pay is cbahed tam the sum of the connects vies 27 fhe ocular uri and complete wring eat ao obtainable oo various nds ‘wandaut coneumer grup andratipioaby ta camara factor g and outing matress be chosen according to the axpcted fects of el hn ems oa hr eal acts, Ty ows ae ‘peal vice demand factor gor — adecuate heat saapatonproveton af at deposi, ee tctvn sprain of pow outs anc eacemmurication ines, a of he rte ‘wore fr standby power supe Weng oper oF eorcenie. ffeent ety fr roaieaens and aditond, Carting oe 08 ‘Secket outlets on on ~ tre prverion AAconoring, vention ' ‘ Hest 1 1 ‘ile wing rune ave nine wth te ad af te assor - nad, sored ot banded clamps of lst or mata, then action 28 z pi td fbi cot of nee ora oe Tables 15510 18.8, aero igring (Poodlghing) ~ Atte wig rune ar ata th hw i ot = ta ype carps of let, “Tre diferent method of ndoorwting had to comple striae besides er err so enteral neon ores and eraNaNg “Typial ealtons gyms fr Spe butane ae: Unceroor wig ‘th singe and muti eta or plas ng fr ayn he ‘aloe ces spray, th uti tales sore or under ano adm ora he ough Hor, nthe ihn ayer or sh‘na special varsion of ts sim. toot pene ar provid for cach neon | able 185 pot. The wing stn along channas cracks nthe storey eke Undaroor wing far seo Be usd mn cnjuncton wh couse or eyeter, For evry for smucura there are sutable aoa which have Yo be ssl ‘scoring oe parcel requromars and evanemie soneceratons, eos: thread and unheaded sve! cond 0 ON 42 gel cond Tx heavy presse 0 ON 4.073 ‘cana bps oo8) Tab 163 Elecite! conti to DIN OE 0905; fee, comigaed, famaprct pass tubes for [on and mechan preaures io DIN 48078) lew ana mecten emsurero ON SSOTEN Sneeaies Pt corset tae ert eine fbateg rs Senumpenaen hres Te enn anc tb. anes on ho raped mech OR. ‘The condi can Be ain the grou, on orn wal coger a Ditleront ids of leticl conduit are deal wih n Tablas 16510159. 08Tab 187 bie 159 ‘Bette condut to DIN VDE 0805; teuie, corugated Rare peti hoes fr} Eleciel conduit o DN VOE 26D, ene, comnts non last oto: ‘igh presaure 10 DWN a9 01822 ard Seb, moot, tamaproct ‘moda prosaures 6 pret less tubes fer | fon rescues and hea resistant (0106 “GioOIN 4801073 comagatod On 400re | ope eatfe candle hers YC, compressive seth io IN 187 (rote VOE 0808) ‘pe aerong VE O08 Fedele cornea cout of owen Pl noon ' i “Treen ace claon betwaen conduit msc same max ponies fcr on max gincttobebeteceningrconpoks Trs must ba ken no aooant ith planing soge. ullng wires ard cables trough the cords mans tha cern tobe consleorec: = cnsie innate of able numor cables pe conduit 1 Simeon ort on ae 988 1 SEtiectwets cen ee 94) fom sanewtonas 1 Simecantieg sv ete 1 Sie eon eee een 7 pemnosesma srw exon rsa ‘anche on bee noms iypicel vals of aco fr nsrton lng of 98 mor es. ot ocean ater nd of taaton or aga are bund bien werTable 15:10 “yp oof iter cons ype arinsaiton, eats hand ean ioe porriied cond Tacos wih rx nseciontongh Sm &m 9m ‘Bvojsoe Gnd exposed ee cable Dyn 18-damm 07 OF 05 OS Tagmm of G8 Otoko PvCistol cond expose, bundied cable Oy =1B-demm 08 05 4 OS - s45mm 0308} Pvcisiee conaut concealed, snl cae Oy = 18-44mm 9499 cas 0302 0802 — 20m 2asmm "9202 0202 cave o2u2 — oon bone PvCinon concur concsale, bund cable On + 18=44mn oaos 0403 0202 osD2 — lism "9202 9202 0202 0202 — 2 eset bond PvCiberatete conc im grounder eoncrts, sn eae On tom 0S OS OS OBS — - 30mm Oko OOO PvCicerceta conduit ground or concrete bonded cae Oy ssomm 04 O44 OK Ud a damm 08 «03030303 og os os oy scala tom the quar of he consis ge lames ‘ofthe aqusres of te olde umole of al cables (Dy) ob ond The fama 2 alow me cable re ples rough by machina, which lente case wih edits inthe ‘round or eoneee the ples engl us" at exceed 100, 184.3 Ughtng systema Using fates forincoor and outdoor ultchingnstlatons a tovmetwadey dierent requrenenes as rogarde MsTinarce ‘sour end colour rence eins ve ecient na 11 coo 6D SN Shes espa ping oyare ub rte te oh ost ns race ara cs pocrg tar wre spite ore | Gann png rion op6r 0: 128 normat vay swe, snatiping te tcor wih the narnaroqted Wurinance gives he Ruminare8 0 be ‘aated. 3 | Glare precautors nat so 3 ‘euaty mocessary 100 3 a0 2 “amoapner Eaton, wasn ponatly eandsecont ‘ampe 100 2 10 2 amr fehina “eat ousa burg atch noma ‘or people 2 3 ‘orpecse.vetides 100 3 " Staenaue, beatae, 7 Irene ati ous, Teasing ramps utc ameyer syste on bots near vate routoe 100 3‘ite 15-14 Comin ‘able ae of wa Neral Ughtealour Greco ot Rewaka cob andering of iteront ih sources saci, iunnaoe oor 1 Lg eoeer Tpkaligrtzeroes Reraks yp potions Si area ad saan severe wine Parsarant spear Fe te proces | “arranger ofc ‘stg shes ard witha wot postions ‘yong. neesce,0 | inion ity of oooh | tal via sea 2 1 Sete Saco tn god Se i tos bi 2 ror ourendeing awe Sovererceroans — m00 | wmnrw rir white eandaecent amps, combine Fogen apm wer vey WOH Peconicn areas 100 2 (0) io moresort wh ner ala procaeng meas 500 2 ype very po Sotoatspac0 ‘Sutching ination | ae Set SS ‘Suitcring instataions 100 ow 2 ve, 10 ‘wivie aps and metal na jen ras onamge creme, oars 2 ee ‘iw ae ciate io me 8h may const eo, chsgat sor of SRE ah. caw , BP BERS: See Siehe. rma mo wm he Berets crvmcne _e_iaee 8 i ceed eee {radon tothe tumirance hve te ight courens are cheeon ofthe ig worm wee warm white fuores- combine vests, sta Lee es angus gunna eenane eae Tun? Sarclempe th good wel wen eases, outdoor ‘aourreedaing woandes: hing sermons ‘oo ghing cao" ing m0 ™sag efoto corny rane geal oom, The rece a automatically oF by hand aro ehown In Fig, 18:15, ~ lou rendering, oe Table 15-12, Forte to be covidorea: ~ dimensions otreom or are, = colour ctretectng and eoundin wutacen, ~ halpntatight aaure above werking are, ‘Varecaltuminance in nprtant rere eas are taka coral ranma arog Upto. nen dengning en euloatc te ala acy. account must be taken of any var- ‘Otte to pclpal metho of eleltng tung sytere: When cain se yan an to ater plaed ao tate sam a ven =e etftency mad and winaut dy ~ the poitto-point moths, The aqvrurct o be mt by emeraercy sorthe aves and tha Hurneten ot | cncapo vouan are cons DIN 6D 8848, 144 Flee lar ayatema Ag 1815 Pace congonani of earn yaar) en 1 Fre slam cate, pemanenty menned ‘ont oping ystems fa Pom auopiy (mane Boop” ane 5 Wana rece ‘Sitchger atlas wiplyng power to hosp or chor onsen sorcas rast eaten? & Buiting seres com _Saaye be eauapes wth Ko alos, © Be vegrted ws th overlie eoecion | 2 Auiomat fr detectors 7 Froawm commercatons eee 4 Ren-autemas franca he ams 3 Pubeteerganeal omptesln) Fo th are sawraton pressure, ha wate vapour and lave hurdty ase wah ncesang corres. eer @ eecitctd during orirensicn Is colecied sutematcay by partons foeween the vas cOMesso tape, nN ca Be cee tax, pose maitre conta intake Lonpeatr ax, posse melstre conten al charge tamoeratie (i). bar (273625) ~aeabar G79e TK rar quabty esr, A which sate ‘rertore be oie a as posse oto absent erneatte of creases nines proportion oe sem presse assum ne ampere rasabe 15-19, conan ng? & pom, the maximum qurtty of weer cortained 178 fy a aeoapherepreeare ‘Wt cotta a vats ep or ol cere peste iad i a {= saturation moisture content of compressed air, in gin? or pam, depends on Dewpont—— Satrnied temperature ard presse temperate mostra ke Jn aco, kos acount ofthe dnropriate aati In net arte’ of corpreaes si raion 0 hr agra < once ame te on rc a a Hardee 2 om 8 erm a SSCSORE | 2 te 30 Sse 440 Stare is {Ls rams 143 ak 0 2ise 20 Wis vs) Rast = Seale maine content 6955. F490 » clave hums ='3 S200 as Bao = Sud mature arent '@2 ** 7 7 ° seco +0 saere om = prs per ian, + pp Son? water vapou 1 ey a a OT Fo. 18:8 shows to reliorship bowonn saatnd mlaure conert fy srensse | f= POsIG ewpoint the deupar of omrossos arin 'C ‘vont end pressure of comaression ‘A compressed aystam tor sunpirg suchgaar consis of compressors, a 6 Preesuep ‘rate win pp, presse rediaars and tre mean ot 50 bar 200 100 69 49_ 20 10 8 stoma te aongear apatalue se wit ath compressor ‘are used ov in suiching sotons tat Terure ie a, oa ly is @ ready-made unit rounied on a horizcrit tank of 125 to a 20) 3 | reir = torcgectomtconvamioue ft = tee an 3 Seat ae aed “cpap laos an ame amt ov oF oe oe1 et 88% | Y pewrson oe? ‘gh i Demon . Fo. 1510 $ : Serta moet content af compressed ar ‘Strege pressure sy0r8 ‘Tears compresses ad tre ata pressure igor han the wok pressue ofthe Gnichgour Doves ecuton who subcboy 8 esas pac nano Dette ot mecrant camoesse er: Spuitaataiona woe conrad Presurereducson sod recur ohages. {= abvoUte mrss corent. mgmt pe. the quantity trois present eta | Fig 1548 shows the basic aangamant of erage pressure sy wh he cor hentanpectir omtoreen " me ‘nny uoed ead of atrayo, oct an dab buon 70 ™. $6 e a s _ rs ig 4 Y . ‘Compression fe e e Aig 15:16 a0: eo: oO: Strap pressor ses enema saan: 1 caveat on tear race 2 Lez econ serge a! dso rene 2 eintalrsocal con supe ar hp ant Geshe re * conmeaa, 2 Pema cona iva 2 Conan! ochre po A cis Deh IOS Tie daenae et Sanson el 7 Archon (ston Ine, Bitntar want pena), Ben (nto pw) 155.4 Nominal proveures and prenaure ran a8 ‘nr compression an ditto asta fr specs appicatons con: of compres. ‘i euewar toscana aaltn and devbation sya. The poser range fro ‘aio secton fhe aytem ate shown Tale 15-14. “The choice of prssne eves depends phtpaly onthe nreakercoetatng pres, a Taplristnert es on parable tenpetature drop af ardexpension at ms ~-— . - i x i; x xan x ree ia [oP Tas sae res # j 7 | | Fo 18:19 | Temperaure-croe agra l |, 1828 calculation ot ar compression and torene lant | Maus gure for calculation: ‘Ye catia comproser auut “The sve ota compriesad a pan dope onto numba of eching yee 22H ting in acon genera reaton ven TOBG 95-16,a ™ % Factor alls for lenoge asseo/24 Rom he switchgear. Vag ae gen ne ‘Sa heat ort beaker vq 28 700 For meclum and mah-precoure recaives, th rocower vfurs fr comtonsea ‘ase eles as Fortighcuren usbera 5 = tas at nono coer ys 2m "TP Wye gee so- Sony hte sagen, wy ft aa 00 ‘18:58 Compressod-elralstibution systems ‘Conf a oe! tbe fod forte comresued-alratsbuton ayatem. Up f0 a0 ‘purangprosute of €9 bar, ont reade wh soto uns. Te 28 sider Shen fr copper ico hos 69 © Sn end § % 85, and a wor Vompereir ct about HSC Jaeoses and oraseue ranget fv compressed lines In awiengoat In Jona oro sated n OI B14 os no ent of ppg duo temperature vations mustbe compensated feororating erparsoninaps A conan copes of movemelt most be sowed for when feng in Does 71161 ron ond steel 101.1 Structural see, general ‘The motels szeieaton or stuciral sets © DIY 1710 appt carbon soo aontzaton 098s for otra stools ate cosanod fn DIN 17 O06 This also shows tha cherie! compoation and mathe of king og “The standards ghing the mensions of geno sucrose Table we Sel shot ran and steve (ea ae) 161.2 Dlmenslone and wolghts of soo bars actions ena tubes bie 163 Dimersions and wight of tet bare Dinarions andi ofeteeibare Saws ore anon DA TOUAROTT rare Geansan et tamrave 16-6 Dimensions en wight of reund stool ard ste bes Bandseaiogu BAER Soin Saree ee gs BS ce oe mgm See SETS, om ; nica Sark pein ttm O63 3 nee 3 nes ‘ coos : eae i os : 900 3 aoe a Sees " 1a % 3 3 i 2 ee 3 i 2 Ere = as Marfan rena be 260 2 so hea et s a irasess s 3 gis 3 3 Eo ass s En or aes 2 ; fe BIE 2 we MS ash 3 Be gt posaes S is seams ube on 268 ee ua eu 8S Bite 18 Raith 38 1 ato shania earn conaucere 2 Feber epeteg mechan tnoss Queene o ee eh 398 82 s88 age 825 B28 es 195Tabi 168 “Thase, natal ergot 12: bm 1028 ay Taboo 167 ears, somal eng 41618 n, ON 1025 Sheet | RT foe ry Symtal Omens nem Wai 2 * Bet kgm 7 Deopweb T ba ON 1024 np 0 2 3 > & % as 2% 0 40 3a o © © 6 %& % & bs ee es mo © @ ¢ m7 m8 Bo o 8 38 2 19 eC Te Brood Aarge Thee DIN 1024 mo 65 e 3 a 8 ke o 6 7 6a = 100 65 az om 8 @ Be T ‘Square 6¢96T bor tens. was zm 0 2» aa Be a “TeWanees' up io 80 mes a8 emule Ome TS mi 798 ‘ection moc or ‘aeghttlrancee: pf 200 an 2 Be, above = mmi SEE | i ae al E to i a 3 ° zg fq : eG zs : A c ee Z/G2fg° | suey 882 888 dea ess soe 3 a a ae | 2 : sent $a88 888 898 Ese ese see 3 po ‘ 3 to Sieseet | Seen saz age sss ces sB82 3 i | a 2 a i By scent : i et" : | ‘ seeg Fi i] ges $ | i asS8 B26 age ous cag agg | IEE F 3 eat1612 Stresses ntact components Avni fr lets anges i ava as ‘The cormisoe avec in ste! compners fo ransmlasion tones ans secures fot etdcorstagee etalaione rac down IN VDE Q21G, Tie mse or ttovont xing of aeos such 2 tenes. shes cemgress and bean eoeoey a> pecied fro sew! esclons given in DIN VOE G20, be 2. rte DIN 1712, upd a pray aul (cde 8831) oe im ade G6) ar clos sess reas ru ft oan mo a 162. Non-errous metala 1621 Copper tor eletcal engineering Z ‘One i compalion and type of 9510 meat seca requiemens egarcng ora, organ fer tame seeing “The dettenon cece important for ensuring cards. compoationantatengee | cnmretoreton serve \seetncze [e Le [ro ‘tootica eoppar (ot for gaa weidingy ———__T 7 i | fr slectrcal onginecring High cx sain, denoted A 90.9 Fe cbse eect tam pinay amu rakes retin by melalrgicel mea, eatin gota hw Smet le od | inn srt, ood A 28H. num aed fon esa ceawhcnconorsto te space purty 7303% 163. Insulating materials 1631 Solid insulnting materials i re 1610 : trois ang propre a nel ter ee on Soi Fine oem roe came ee ew Mere ay aa Tare ay Seon tre og mina bond pee trove woncicen Cost OS, eet Pa 0 Hint Rott int or thine at dion Bon feararaives ON on oR oN on, an ow “Wee oe WOE femaie™ Bhe Se Sas Sis Bier She Bla Sen SSH We re ponents Asan Mein, aa 3 wee 2 aa-ps earch Mrafowigs ym al ta 3 SEF Soha apa tome Foust ‘em %E payee coir o> zat mp8 0k TOY Eau in reer i a Pome cas com SRT nao 20 ote mate Hed tn barat So ‘porta ate ALPE crosteked a9 = 2 Sauer ou {G8 papenfane visi S° RT ak ne % G09 COW Gm FAT SO HAO 25 Feng Spat ETS, fare Fon To tse FOr pire aka ame 8k) as fata Tao 16-10 conte) ‘Abortions and propeie of sol ssiaing teas ioe a ed =o SORA ERA FB vena era Ge ge etme oasae eee Sore or fl os be Ss bw mw ta & ae | Brow that fleet tie Kee fic Wanye cee hue Hon i ee ee ee ee 5 oe i et ee eo » 2 ran 19 0 70 so wet0e 47 egos | sont070 wens 2000 = owt ce uname 1 mee wer 6s wm 2m0 08 a2 1 KAI mM 3D um. PU aeesooss Sep Bia lrwanes 41a com 2s mom wu ove. oraa waKsAY snan (mW 15 Aeamcuae rons | tian ton Mam e204 os 19 HAL ameter 5 senna doo 1550 25:25 eee. 91-08 O2AT MEMOKAIE 1090 IO 530 AbaME ene 8 Sembee bateTae 16-10 cores _Abcetons ond properties of sold rau mike oe ono ret oe Too es Gamay = a = es “een ek Cane boo Be Sow hh 2 Bm pe some ee ee ee i gam teow eum ores os we aw ey © ax Sew 7) pean iitrwnertone 16 Tom 3 6 oMeDIUZOs Iw MED TOF EB = ex vo 604150 amet netat Faegneee Sheree con, toa eoaN ras (cecronese © myrare VEU aT oes as es ok me Tyee mene TBhgeaoar” 1719 an en nao tsome one2 Oy me mee reser peony tec Be? Sa Se mince fe As-75 Sa Pherae hers som or0nes on Mase on wt 9 gem cm Frocmtnens 2 * ew we zs eX Ano - Ble @ : sal ' eaten } Tae 1610 (contr) eben and oer ol oh nang tos ‘nt tome Tear aye oom tp, gy oe Tams tg a ee Toe I coe ame be fe ee =" sand 10 ron Bret] meant 24 OST om +8 se-se sot 6 1m Fran 8008 cee. Romemeie | wena) oe es wm @e22 om 2s fom wiwesmetamornatos | = a | wha Jeane 28 119 HD woe = e296 oe Se jay RSs! sm 8 Be Sia Reece | = \ TEN } Sg sos0 op oe So we 8 wees jE eR nn: ke feces : ean E TET we aaa ox bstaasrernawe spe ed em em The vs hn a mcr sete ayer ete, dow as Rn nd eee tm # Gad organs 72°07 00'S 4 Tes aed vas creed w be row urate gan duties, Mo et ren oo Vang prencen69.2 Luis insulating materials Table 16-11 ‘Types and proper of quid ineieting mses 163.3 Gaseous hneulting materials eno 1612 Proper ofa ard SF, Peer OM Mem Ut Gxpie WK Spee Senet oe Siete bt aw Slot Slee em fe ake Pi Sim Sy = Cr Koray ot ea a ee os a ) rome Ce eo Taras ere of? HEY 960) 4a nerd Se oust eas conse Spe mt pe tsa ae ee) Onan tame ata meats Denaty Biztdowmvotnge Oideacecoaant nn res) “omnes Suorurnevatveide 607% ‘et aon curves of pressure, mporture sed any for SF gas are shown in Fg ‘1-1, The Cures @ fo aecavenching proprio of Bis ge ae deo wt: mn Borsona 2.4.4 nd ya 164 Sembfiniehed products 4844 etl shoe, dimen and welahis? Te 16.19, Weight cart ot shot, ks Freiness Steel Auminum Copper Brass Zine FAnbed Prfled hmm Creel rence agager' |! Perey 1808 vora = a 16:42 Stottod tea ip 18.4. Soroma end accessorien | mabe 16-15 ‘tarda srons are bots (he Fae denote ON mbes etn toni LL menene 5 Cimeasions ——Slotsize Weight lig i q ow mei (ea [ S ee, UE Sh Rts 40x55, 0.187 7 t i [ i ~ t q By Gf Be B20 RE US Si SEBS ee ee ie be Melee bea rts cme wt * Bua “ones 04e0 420 60 tf g il {i qT i a2 OE wox6 60x85, o7te 100 30 | aM Bio OS a A the aos | sua a ule Sone 70x85, 1380 20 30 4 z @ T 1 a vaael “Sel narting sp, hot galvanized, DIN 48 801 u EE oe Joes! al Dimensions weigh ‘Seancardl fl Q & a 2 liv i | ela/o aa Sos we lees ome | oe | a ia ‘Bon reo eos "0 ( j 4 i | | Be 3 | i ats, 4-1 au | ove ‘a cmv en i i i Wey T = a i ™ 7 samen : aaa | tia 28 18 of _| ; 5 ; : & : : g : : 2 : Piel ek 3 z 8 Emrpesntatgaeomvonrnneomnove 1616 “Standard mathe and nts (ha grea dancta IN numbers lOLON@lte 25 veo | ose a jas | 1© sre as 988 Shs ee BRE BE B88 28k BSE16:45 Thoads for etect ca enginoring 17 Miscellaneous an 16-10 ‘Stee cord tresee, DIN 40400, mensions nen Installations 1898 contin thers undring te VDE catalogue rete gat arifeance, Sean “Tho stpuatens contained the VDE standard cataiog¥e | ty he Gousone Etetretehrsche Koreriseen(OKE) of . ‘he ORE ie tho German nos! organzaton for comping none! and TMamatocal saedords ond VDE eneltcatons nine ora ls Fala ep” are to ba adoctd a for 2 poabe wihout ord catalogue and se Heroousy i te ca engine inthe Fe ee 16-19 i serial thread, DIN 40 400, cmenlons nmin Dew Bor ration Major ameter “slog. The ete oft work elao nud dam standards, The ress numbered ON VDE rdrtztion work te VDE standarcs catalogue a ‘categorized in ha 06 manner, VDE recor | Toeate ne changa o te new casifenten, err specications ae orcasionsy it {Toler oa he Schgen Manca by Bead designations, “accecng to 6 alte reed 2rd impemeting ox (fete January : 1357 the Goran power industry act, goresly acopies egieerrs halos tse cbecrved the constucton and upkeep cf rstafeons fr [Joneratn, bansmting and deverng elec, Where Evopsen Catr one e8164.5 Trade or oootica eiginering 17 Miscellaneous | nano 1618 i Important IEC Publications and OIN VDE Speeifictions relating to Switehgesr Instaliations 2. dmenclons "coe caas ns 198 cont ne rues unde he VOE ceo fang. |, ethos ths enlogur comaonat ae wn epi Wor igs i eance. Sc: {ed ects of tncarvefal rat aro qucted below i “ro aguas conlsines nthe VOE standard catego dwn up bythe Gauche Sakroweate sche Komisson (OKE} of DIN and VDE, ‘Teo DKE ls be German catonl organization fr comping nana és Tavaaeatsnndarts and VDE spectcatons nthe entre Rll of shot gine Peder! Repub haute of lean! work are fo ba adopt a far a esse whet itoraon Ho Be VOE taraarés calaogue and simensoiny ito fe DIN ottrue of tacts, “Tee comoonent pat ef he VOE standard allogu ee: i Mn ean oe (es lang Here's | = Vbe ete ore oi 16:19 i 7 Nault ls, VE spesextns en VOF snes ‘Bjeerrical threads, DIN 49 400. dimeraions irri ven on Dew. por gration apr Moor dome dameter ‘na arash ol eter starardeaton werk te VDE standarcs claogve at 7 presenta ees roous catego’ armen, VDE recor frensatone, VDE spctiesions, “oema he etange tote naw lassfemion corer pectiatons av ocasionaly i Te oned igi the Sukehgoar Manual thr od das gra ons a th sine of \VDE apectealone represent a yatatick te ‘eproacranle ongosrng precen™ “Aecoring $1 ofthe oveed 2nd nlementng eer oecvo 1 Jauaty 1 {S57 1 tho Garran power odusty ac, gerealy acepted ence clo stoSe cbeorved ntre cosetucion ard upkeep otras fr Goncrang,vancrating ad clverng elec. Where European Commany regltone demand tat istaliaions must cory wn exe requ ‘neck apaleasiin the Cini, iso reqomons ara marry. ‘YOE anecitntons enaua theroxe atraye be obearvod wan ono ‘even of ol wet cua eat aed alien ithe mater ‘Sota etaltions and apart. OE oe an 850 omens taint tyne encore Whe Proton ait oowosion due fo say currents of dealt gh) ats and minimum dimendions of eath elctiodes DINWOE Ne SSOP Te Mirtumpectofenrosn 2048 Election equerent or use in electical power nea latone and tee assery Io slectral power ns lations Eng ‘Group 1 Power ination ooqs73 a4 inet cl spa nana es et} Ling ton aster Gana wn rogues (Eh) = Giectnctapecal soc (Eg) Inckacnaf ges and water Goss man eau {et bonding yen sec ntalatos ochre Fpcoone of BON (pwseces by ON VDE O10) o101588 - 34,621 Erection of power insaltons wih rated woRages sbave THY Engl). 01020180 609 Cea shor-cxeut cen in tree phase a2, stems Eng) Boman) cnsyoaes 72 Clore finals and pust-btos(E) | eroup2 power gues | mwvaesoor 20 Copper er aces ening, tei ae ot Gehry ‘Sheet be econs Wee ‘otoaro.9 100 Pan 11090 Fooimmendaions on tbe colour of plastic or raboer plotecveshethe or cover or xb and neat Tt Inglaion coerdinaton for equipment in free-phase ‘nev aystame above 1 #Y gl) ceson2ss 628 | ene om a 204 acca equipment cui machines (ak)DINVOE No, _IECPubl, Te | ORME Ne. ECPI, Tite canes ‘Const of ovarone power Ines wen ratvan , OWNZET 862 ‘gos upto T0004 cae Pa 2004.95 Parsigr 66 Pansa7 86 oasoi2.87 ‘98 Alain car tra carn oot stars am tt a ~"Conera for abies wih rated voksgas Uy UP cast? penzii7 257 Penne 33 - e257 Aani0@t Peramass 9646425 — agen 72 ‘casssait01 m8 mda tte oma 75 Par o9.86 505 Pon2noas sto en602 08 Pansice.8s sit carveaas 909 we caracne9 Pan 108 84 08DNVOENe, (ECPIbL Tie 0903 ‘234-1 Oeterinsion of th oleeeal breakdoom wotage and ast 21.74 ‘soar sro (Eng) Dotominton a acroits comoevo aes (Era) ‘oatmemod fo orauargressianceto rackg at igh stage al) 707 Thermal propane cl cre! uting mete Engh) 28 Instango Sn degrees noi {seen fom eeeres oguomert (Eng) ‘Group + Moneuroment, conto tenting ouonio7s «4 VDE Speeaton for be oat o1e Pan in073 Pat 280 Pan anne one 408 108.88 ona Pat 100.80 Pan 20073 Pen ao7 7 Pan 7907.82 rmatnod feng) ‘Menurement pani acenarge (Engl) ot tegrating meters engl) _Specotion rtf ewechng oes ‘but mainckeerg S00 KY fen! Inaultors fr overhead Fes, conte wites and tle. ‘ormunicatoslnos fr series vlsgee above 1 KV “eaing of osltre for 2, «serve vllages above euoron antigo Bacher “= |DINVOEND, _IEGABL_Te ESRB Te om 967 Lomvetage atchgear and conte goa Part s/048s 685-1 Frehazas testing gl) ~ Spocteanone, smoses (Era) ob205 67 BIT Recommendatent or esing oust cables and tex 7 ueted and tater stancar the soos 6 DIS Becaus engl) ‘VDE 0880 Erg.) ~ tnoxto gars of Starcard DIN VDE 6572 367-1 ~ Lowuotage swrichgeas, ganctal speciation Par 070882 Par 108/08 a2 Part 1269 Past 205.70 Pane? 70 = Speen or cepactors for poe stor (Eal | I ! | | conor. 74 2800 Par 108.83 sit omaveae Tet ninco a oueoo pot nate errs 2 material of glass for system voltages above 1 kV (Engl) orsaast 22a —_Toas ap hatow mous aes nein uD ment rg) ons ocormertalos fo oveoragy prteton sevees sere Meir cut ress sot, “alveipe tung eres ore neaa Per 20s7s — S61a _ Aelaatnel vvesoe ding arctan ents 810 atsDNVOENe EOP THe | tre une rteity of atchgea nslatons and heres the twgey undsturboc treromoion of lectin spomer net dpend on he Sui ana aly oh ponant,syteme und oacaesee ersioye. Cl growing roars Feral harmonies ste means. aly ascurae manager, quly planing, city contol and inspection 608 amber crue se raquted lo adopt the saris of Evopean standards 0 f0 EN 20 04, whi cancer Yo gating up a a qu syste. Tre sais 2 rterston standard 50 8000 te [50 0008 5p cones: CGuoity management and quity eesuance standacs, quiets for rans EN 27001: Quality syst model of quaty assurance indesign develoement, HO. | Te cojcie ot nse nda | selon eit el poss | Sessa ot pee nd twine eset trent an aut azarae rocetodbyolcremagnots ois 48% Couling devoes or PLO rensisson ayes 952 Sprints fer PLC wave taps e7sit2 8 Raviosrtertornce supreesion of cro! aplarose Fire opt cats fe acommuncations purposes ose Par 106.68 Avpcation of exbes and irauluted we for tetera ‘mucatons and nonmatn prosossiny yen17 Notable events and achlovements inthe history of ABE: ‘ewitehgear technology 1850 _Tvoo-hase wanton in Seen 1200 Ofcrevtrasker ith autor ceescurent tp 1808 98 kVewichgoarstfaon wih partons batweon te ives phases tngeayoed ation! crbetr, caret Yara, vole an: $900 Transformer tin fr 50 KY ‘par arn tne wa Peon se anes 912 68 KV swingoer eaten wth pationd phases | 066 Fst sleconie monbar peoocon syatm fr madium and rightage 1917 0K Inder switchgear wah cut asbas | ee Bee renwoton ‘322 O/ED KV cr ewbcting sation wth eceseod of ceeubraskars 1667 Feat SF, ga nslte suitchosar for 128 KV in Garany CALOR EMAG) 1822 Sheet steal cote pene! with conc swtones and breaker poston in nd 17010 Stoned ‘cars memported hamimi 504) 5968 Germarys tet corto syste ung iegtted crt 900 Fietmineure ccutraaker wih eral and gee 1969 1924 Highspeed breaker or restr sysoms ‘970 1805 Keune suitchgear mounted on nee type oon 1828 Fretceivmy of linsustd conor earefermats for 101 1870 1828 Didanoe relay fo selocvedncomecton a tasted parts of remo, Je7A7a Armin 50 ewe comm cr fo ney out 1880 minated mm ela ora 110720 HY ranforer siaon wih eemes! | nas 1920 bore fret od baget “ple canta! yt with rystrizd tansmtors so SOK net wr ower con ayter ith ono atts oetiatcr program for Leulon: 28 "Swizerad sna Core Hanon wnresoras | cutdor abies re breakers and current taraermers nthe USA arming anc reactive cuentcemomraston coneciese andIO™SPRN | erg pete management oad epeching eens wh prmces compete, ' i orl date processing and vices teins 8 | fore Age erro cua for 27K, 100A and ad corr ’ | ‘en of 22000 8 sn 197 Jat pucgeerinetalatone for 420 HM and 525 KY in tors Swzetand and Canna or $20 KV autor swing station wh ular star for 9000 A 050 Inoductcn ofthe MINS mata-oncete medal syst sitago used ech connect 102 Oe nates oycearirsaliaton fr Gervany Feet eiduabcuret potetan ovech 134 elec) sytem wih adaptive gna rang 1957 om a51876 Fret evpertast recton comparzengretceton ayer arngn ane ere | 1965 Fist gt poate comparison srokecton syste sigh vohage netvork igh vane power nw 1928 Supeareslonal network cool caros fr 380 HV 1010 RV wh mata 1075 “MODURES" medulerelectontteley system for magum and nighvetane camouers sec cree, Merarchenysrusred wie ness insaiione 5975 Network contl system for @ sequence of ameter ho genta eas 1880 Work?s bieges 123 KV SF, gassed eutengsr Instslon tte ‘Yb incisal empl in Saud Arabia with 5? cestceei brace 1860-51 iredueton of moll cxde wuge arastrs and Wore fist date DDevmack and for 7368 19 Canada 1982 Ward anch ofthe @ steel mods contacts Dewey oft rt remot poate re contl matt rah rasa tence, tect nd orto ong esos C 1 mec vohage swichgear cue, deleted to Warhol, of the frat mutitarmnal HVOG system of 2000 1HAppendix Some suoplomentay nate not ices! a he ‘be foun on pages B18 lo 820. Te crater ‘lave wher the olan utc sh th Avcanacts or dartages or orang ig intone hen hace he or ‘care must be taxen that the— ; ~ Tate 19.900 Consircin end aurentoryng eapscly of TA Sins (Ste! Aberin con ‘eri agen Saget Gena Tse end Res eas He Se Se fog bens en eo com anes aRBRaEEE: esr rl ate dsc ma aif on is a Bic are neonoaerionpuc 15°C 220 ‘Autor angaratrec2ble 618 ‘Alin cotecers. 297 ‘ulin itches. 234,607, 4 [AWG (Amara Wire Gaus Bockotnans poerton 188 Backup powerplant. ene Stantoy= contnvous ing 952 = design fblats.phase) 398 = DURESCA bars Ss = conmecore 290, 68, 580 oz~cermes 722 = euthles $19,486,690 ~ accrepaney ences 830 earth alecrod 200 = toors. 708,728 conval ast “autora 702 eet 051 = NSUM tory systems 328 = mcropoeananrs 708,710,718 = navi 716 = PROGONTIC. 705 = pyRAMID 711,749,727 ‘Greitdecumentaten eateteaton 261 = eeqitemanss 776 Camate evoss 237,299 cose “eaties 614 = creuteooumeniaton 251 = electrical equipmest 208 Comparmentyoe swichioands, $24 ‘Corwererstaton HVDO} 416 ‘Ceoing at anstormre. 183, 510 Cooper Tar condctrs 560 ‘Corscion fair forbusbacs 575 | sonora 28 296 = mater eiecton 23, 489 = faulted es arc cables. 618 = etanded conductors, wires. 595 os= sgtring protection. 202.212 Dram aietgnar 221,925,360 = rintanance, earth eter athe Divan eat erodes (S009 ame) 209 ing) 208 Dryngetar 75, = materia) 204, 208 ~ encouping 239 = ralvay power supply 42 DURESCA busbare. 385 [= ressrenent 212 — intrtererce quanties 220,226 or= hrettence sinks 228 Fe constant teen 89 7 Geroratr cet treater 288 HRC Hes 253 imetrenca sowie 222 Fragorproat potecton 188 Geraci tection 668 Huy, athe 290,775,Maximum periesble szest ~ tos cempanents 36, 700 anes 12 Maxsrvm temperatures = eankes 0 = conductors $88,575 Maaautngingrumen sters 692,698 Mechanica sees cables 185 = pou insiars 123 rgd condos 119 = we conkers 129 ting ait of onuoe matrile £80 ‘Mating tne of tusee $07,255 ead ewtehgear 966 Na onclsed erehgsa cubes 364 Motto anostor 435, 458,450, Matar boards 319 ier nigh Magnetic qanttes $2 = door intone 185, Maitenance (ayter eating 202 Sepa 185 Marsaling peard 626 utdoornetalaions 105 Horie acetetion sciies 047 Wirinur sting Clay. 63 ass momerttirtria, 40 Ns eyo 322 Matotal Moduarcewoutunts 828 eoatients (conductors) 185 ‘MODURES protection system 689 = donsiy $8, 658 Mote comort ota 778,778 = speaicaton $68.782 Moment inet = stag 38 “eaeuaien 108 Matematica! symbols, lectiea 60 tint condctore 127 eyPretecton agaist oct contact 187.187 = backap 188 parior 162,197 = bending comtuctars 08, 231 os= sotage 662 j i | | i eres cenracien $9 Sets couring 797 ‘Soules mound moto 257 ‘Seeaga caogoriog contre 207 = sylengear 909 _5F gas Tule swchoar (215) 48 ‘Sag of sanded wr corcutors = sgporais connections 145 genet brotars 388,981= oad deconnactor 472 State vareorngensaton 818 Staion tren Sig's companaaton 546 Shae dogran 272 8 ’ Staton panning 244 ‘taboo tarvees. 381,740,761 ‘Swtonetocomnectos fed aches fo nk 202,953, = goomeal 407 gonerater 202 = ngnvonage 420 ~ lowvetage 302 = maaurn-volage 262 = SF, year 479 = standard aings 410 ‘Suter gar cuban ‘towvotage 919,927 = mae applenion 948 40,221» Groctcurent walatons: 342 dewbuten coacs. 920 ~ craw roses 28 < twad modules 225 = hes 908 = fe-ewiches 902 = gangway wn 168 SHAG. tures 908 = rerneappenion 347 ~ rote panes 912 = mature oreo breakers mcd) gargaywiths 100, 16 = gaeinautod ewichgear 972 = gonerterbusiue's 990 = generar oroutreckers 206~ wis 1.8 ~ eurentcharscestinicn 907.512, ~ svtergser eves = neceseoies O74 rytetoconvatn reactor TOR} 818 “Thyste-sotchod eapadior TSC} 519 = shorberelt event 828 Te ~ sasors, 00 Transformer tatoo = stared shortcxcutcrent 528 ~ cision multe tact 5y3- toms TOM 728 = tapchongr contol 708= zerosequenco mpedence 66 “raretormorsafone no = generar wansoriat stall 507 ~ toad conte subaton 698 = maintrantore siaton 808 ‘Tranamicsion network 244-248, 250 “ranemissionsehnigues 727 “Tipping cheacteile 298, 912,214 “Tiwcksmouniad schgear 986,969 Trretwont 190, 255 “Tolar contre ~ euranscaryng capacity 560,671 Twole-pule oat 949,514 Tocolumn tary desormedtors 412 ‘Typereead swtengenr ticles. 321, 980 Urimatesvengn 37 Underage elosse 294, 901 Uinteruptad power suppy 743 Unit connection in gower pants 387 ume = basic Stunts t ~ comronty use, ener 16 ~ occa, magnets 12 ~ fre, every 8 = goomenie 2 Voge setactor 675 Vonage rep ~ salsbon 62 = toes 62 = reactors 598 = anstomers 526 Wontorreitrce 237 Weogrt of condscors 888575 ‘Wats of gangways 160,169,168 ‘Wir eon france) = ley 580 = lumen 589 lining pretct