APELE ROMNE

MEDIUM AND LONG TERM STRATEGY FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT

ROMANIAN WATER AUTHORITY

CONTENT:
1.INTRODUCTION 2.NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD MANAGEMENT
NECESSITY GOALS PRINCIPLES OBJECTIVES

3.IMPLEMENTATION
PLANS AND PROGRAMS FUNCTION AND RESPONSABILITY

4. POPULATION EDUCATION AND INFORMATION 5. LEGAL ASPECTS 6. FLOOD MANAGEMENT EXEMPLE2

GENERAL DATA :
Floods are natural phenomena and are component of the hydrological cycle Floods are the most widespread disaster on earth as well as the biggest cause for damages and even deaths. Floods represents more than 90 % of the natural disasters that affect Romania.
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HISTORICAL CHARACTERISATION OF CATASTROPHIC FLOODS

Catastrophic floods were always a real hydrologic phenomenon in whole Romanian history Past chronicles have regularly registered catastrophic floods: 10 in XVI-th century; 19 in XVII-th century; 26 in XVIII-th century; 28 in XIX-th century; 42 in XX-th century. Frequent presence of flooding and its amplitude are due to: Climate change; Non-authorized constructions in floodplain.
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APELE ROMNE

Periodicity of hydrological and meteorological conditions

No. of years

20

LEGEND
Rainy conditions

14 12 12

15 13 11 12 13

Normal Conditions Droughty conditions

1942 - 1953

1881 1893 1905 1917 1930 1941 1953 1968 1981 2003 2008

1881 - 1893

1906 - 1917

1969 - 1981

1894 - 1905

1918 - 1930

1931 - 1941

1954 - 1968

1982 - 2003

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PERIOD

APELE ROMNE

5500 (RECOVER.) 4650 (REGIST.) JULY 2005 2800 AUGUST 2005 4650 AUGUST 2008

2OOO JUNE 2005 1250 APRIL 2005

1332 SEPT 2005

Significant reservoirs: 400 Stored volume: 13,070 mill. cu.m Water derivations: derivations: 1490 km Embankments and riverbed regulations works: 18,240 km Protected area: 2.13 mil. ha Localities: 1927 Social and economic units: 3100 Roads and railways: 6100 km Draining works: 3.2 mill. ha Soil erosion protection works: 2.27 mill. ha

Actual stage of flood protection works

67 114 W.D. 1680

W.D. CRISURI
130 226 1780

SOMESTISA

129 415 1738

TOTAL
1419 3716 15,701

W.D. W.D. SIRET PRUT

31 194 W.D. MURES 1495 308 2067 798
Nr. Mil. mc. mc. Km.

54 242 W.D. 2095

BANAT

W.D. OLT W.D. JIU

50 177 890

191 113 1666

W.D. IALOMITA -BUZAU W.D. ARGES -VEDEA

77 224 104 384 36 29 715

W.D. DOBROGEA LITORAL

PeakPeak-flow mitigation reservoirs (no (no.) Attenuation volumes in reservoirs (mill. cu.m) cu.m) Structures on watercourses (km.) 9

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138

POTENTIALLY AFFECTED LOCALITIES BY FLOODS

W.D. CRISURI

W.D. SOMESTISA W.D. W.D. SIRET PRUT W.D. MURES

TOTAL
2050 1298 752

W.D. BANAT

W.D. OLT W.D. JIU W.D. ARGES -VEDEA

W.D. IALOMITA -BUZAU

W.D. DOBROGEA LITORAL

Flooded localities in natural conditions Protected localities (no.)

10 Localities without flood protection (no.)

Floods in Romania 2005-2008

APELE ROMNE
29 %

SATUMARE BIHOR SALAJ

BOTOSANI MARAMURES SUCEAVA BISTRITANASAUD NEAMT IASI

Dm<30
Dtot<250

33 % Dm>70 Dtot>750

CLUJ MURES ARAD HARGHITA BACAU ALBA TIMIS SIBIU HUNEDOARA BRASOV COVASNA VRANCEA GALATI VASLUI

28 % Dm=30-50 Dtot=250-450

10 % Dm=50-70 Dtot=455-750

CARAS -SEVERIN GORJ

BUZAU VALCEA PRAHOVA ARGES DAMBOVITA ILFOV TULCEA

Dm Average damages ( billions lei) DtotDtot- Total damages ( billions lei)

BRAILA

IALOMITA CALARASI CONSTANTA

MEHEDINTI DOLJ OLT TELEORMAN

BUCHAREST GIURGIU

Counties with very high vulnerability Counties with high vulnerability

Affected areas in 2005 Affected areas in 2006 Affected areas in 2008

Counties with medium vulnerability Counties with small vulnerability

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Damages caused by flooding during 1992-2006 period

50,000

7800

5860

TOTAL 1992-2004: 29,581 bil. old lei

4253 Bil. old lei 3332 2927 2218 2352 2588 958 411
1992

3623

165
1993

520
1994 1995

374
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

2006

12

Years

2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- NECESSITY The evolution of flood perception from: -fight against floods to -flood control and flood prevention a new approach: FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT
policies, procedures and practices with risk identification, analyze and evaluation; reevaluation and risk monitoring so human communities with all their citizens may live, work and fulfill their needs and aspirations in a sustainable environment.

Flood Management main ACTIVITIES: before flood (prevention, protection and preparedness) during the flood (emergency situations management) after the flood (assistance, reconstruction, flood management activities review)

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2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- NECESSITY Management strategy pro arguments:

o Increased flood risk due to a unreasonable land use and climate changes; o necessity for a strategic approach in case of flood risk management; resources optimization; o necessity for environmental protection measures less structural measures, more non structural measures/ preventive; o necessity for holistic approach / basin approach; o Controlled development of floodable areas where human lives and activities could be endangered; o Population from floodable areas should be aware of this risk and should not increase it.

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2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- GOAL Flood management strategy is the framework document for specific measures and activities aiming:

Flood risk acknowledge; Flood monitoring; Population awareness; Reconsider flood risk in all activities that includes land reclamation; Preventive measures; Preparedness for emergency situations; Reconstruction and prior experience learning.
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2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- PRINCIPLES Sustainable development; - economical acceptability - social acceptability - ecological acceptability Strategic approach; Transparency and simplicity; Basin - type approach; Interdisciplinary approach; Solidarity principle; Balance between preventive measures and actions and response and reconstruction measures and activities.
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2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- PRINCIPLES Use of EU and UN Economical Commission best practices;

Use of EC EXCIMAP Guidelines for good practices for risk mapping

Integrated actions for entire hydrographic basin 8 basins were tendering for hazard mapping and integrated flood management solutions Cooperation between countries in flood risk decreasing for transboundary rivers in the context of international regulation (Danube river and Tisza river).
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2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- OBJECTIVES GENERAL OBJECTIVES (ECONOMIC, SOCIAL and

ENVIRONMENTAL) Increase in life quality through diminishing of flood related damages; Decrease the impact of ecological systems through risk management measures (at temporal and spatial scale); Proper resource use for building infrastructure, maintenance and exploitation and for diminishing flood risk measures; Keeping proper economic activities (agricultural, industrial, commercial) in floodable areas.
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2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ECONOMIC

Economical loss prevention or minimizing through flood risk measures in urban areas; Economical loss prevention or minimizing through flood risk measures in existing infrastructures; Economical loss prevention or minimization through flood risk measures in protecting agricultural areas. Flood risk prevention and limitation for human communities; Flood risk prevention and decreasing in case of public goods (hospitals, schools) and recreational areas; Epidemics prevention and population health improvement after flood related pollution; Accessibility to important infrastructures (bridges, airports) during flooding.
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SOCIAL

2. NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES ENVIRONMENT

To be in concordance with EU Water Framework Directive; Less anthropic interferences within the geomorfological structure of hydrological basins; To prevent rivers and phreatic water to be polluted because of flood effects; Land quality improvement and protection through appropriate agricultural practices; Ecosystems, protected areas and monuments protection and conservation; Environment protection and esthetic improvement; Climate changes prevention and minimization in order to prevent floods.
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3.IMPLEMENTATION

- PLANS AND PROGRAMMES National Programme for prevention, protection and decreasing of flood effects national level; Flood Risk Management Plan - basin level;

Plans for flood protection basin/county/ city/ communal level, according with existing specific regulation in emergency situations domain.
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ARRANGEMENT PLAN FOR RIVER BASIN

ACTUAL SITUTION

NEW CONCEPT ARRANGEMENT

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National Programme for prevention, protection and decreasing of flood effects

Ellaboration of Guiding Schemes for Improving and Management of hydrographic basins (according to the Water Law)
deadline: 22 December, 2009

Romanias compliance as EU member state to the 2007/60/EC EU Directive reffering to the assessment and flood risk management
Deadlines: December 2011 preliminary assessment of the flood risk management; December 2013 hazard and flood risk maps ellaboration; December 2015 Flood risk management Plans ellaboration. 23

General approach
A. A. Topographic and geodetic studies B. B. Hydrological, hydraulical and management studies at basin level water

The studies results

The potentially flooded area corresponding to the various probabilities (0.1%; 1%; 5%; 10%). Measures, actions and works proposals regarding hydrographic basins for flood risk mitigation (structural and non-structural) Flood risk Management Plan at basin level 24

Potentially flood zones

2 1.5
adancimi [m]

1 0.5
viteze [m/s]

25
2

0.5

1.5

STRUCTURAL MEASURES

2009

DEVELOPMENT WORKS for: - Increase the safety level for dams - Rebuilding the flood defences affected by floods - New flood defences - New hydraulic structures for ensuring water resources - Ecological renaturation river works TOTAL PROJECT : 3 bn. Euro PROJECTS IN IMPLEMENTATION : 309 From which : - 38 PIF 2009
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3.IMPLEMENTATION

- FUNCTION AND RESPONSABILITY MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, CONSTRUCTIONS MINISTRY OF ADMINISTRATION AND INTERNAL AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF ECONOMY MINISTRY OF PUBLIC HEALTH MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH COUNTY COUNCIL through the County Committee for Emergency Situations which exits in each county LOCAL COUNCIL - through the Local Committee for Emergency Situations which exits in each locality LOCAL COMUNITIES HOUSEHOLDERS
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POPULATION EDUCATION AND INFORMATION

are involved: - public society - citizens - authorities were elaborated- guides/guidelines, flyers, posters with information about flood effects, prevention and protection measures at individual or community level. proper education for local communities from endangered areas there are ECO* Centers in schools for environment protection training and ECO leaders formations to transfer their knowledge to population from small localities * ECO = eco centers responsible with ecological issues including floods created problems ; for the moment there are installed in 7 counties 28

POPULATION EDUCATION AND INFORMATION

public information and flood warning alarming evacuation intervention exercises (floods simulation exercises) two manuals were elaborated to improve the involvement of local communities in case of flood (The prefect manual for emergency situations in case of flood and The mayor manual for emergency situations in case of flood)

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POPULATION EDUCATION AND INFORMATION

Example: Pilot application in Cheia Basin
In Cheia Basin was initiated a project - Forward Integration of Flood Warning in Areas Prone to Flash Floods by the Global Water Partnership with the financial support of WMO, which had the main objective the adaptation of a warning system of the population in case of flash floods. The pilot application provided an increasing awarness of the inhabitants (included children, tourists) and local administration from small localities downstream Cheia through presentations of the educational materials (the brochures, web - sites) We appreciate the project taking into account the population sector is addressing; this completed the awarness activities developed by Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

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5. LEGAL ASPECTS
REGULATIONS
GD 1854/2005 National strategy for Flood Risk Management GD no. 1208/2006 Programme for economical and ecological resize in Romanian water meadow Danube GD no. 1309/2005 for implementation of the: National Plan for prevention, protection and mitigation of flood effects REGULATION for emergency situations due to floods, dangerous hydrological and meteorological phenomena, hydraulic works accidents, accidental pollution, approved in the 0/2005 GO no.138/2005 C and D dams safety exploitation Prefect Handbook for flood emergency situations management ,,Mayor Handbook for flood emergency situations management
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5. LEGAL ASPECTS
2006 Long Term National Strategy for Flood Risk Management (PHARE project) DESWAT implementation (integrated decisional informational system water caused disasters) WATMAN implementation (decisional informational system for water management in case of disasters) 2007 2008 Strategy for flood protection improvement and flood risk diminish in Timis river basin (Riverlife Project and others) To increase Serbian and Montenegro and Romanian authority capacity for flood diminish and prevention activities (FLOODSIM) Flood risk management in Danube and Tisza basins projects (in fund rising phase) 2009 New Water Law in accordance with Flood Directive
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FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT

- EXEMPLES -

Danube River Floods in 2006

Danube Flood from April-May 2006 had a peak of 15800 cm/s, the highest peak from 1840 2006. Romanian flood defence infrastructure has 1200 km dykes. The Flood defence activities based on three scenarios : 13500 cm/s; 15000 cm/s and 16000 cm/s The increasing of the level at Bazias Station at the same flow For reducing of the level and the damages and cut the peak of floods was necessary to open the dyke in three points: Rast, Calarasi Raul si Facaieni Vladeni. The effect of these controlled flooding have been protection of the cities Calarasi, Braila si Galati. The evacuated people was 15000

CONCLUSION : Necessity to redesign the arrangement plan of Danube River in Romania

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DANUBE 2006
BREACHES ON DIKES, NATUAL CAUSES
Ceatalchioi, 25.04.2006, ora 18.00 Isaccea Bresa nchis, 10.04.2006, 11.00

BREACHES ON DIKES FOR WATER EVACUATION CONTROLLED BREACHES FOR LEVEL MITIGAGION
Ostrov, 26.04.2006, ora 19.40

Fcieni Inundare controlata, 15.04.2006, 19.00 Obretin, 20.04.2006, ora 12.00

Spanov, 23.04.2006, ora 14.30 Rast, 14.04.2006, ora 11.30 Bistre, 24.04.2006, ora 7.50 Tatina, 3.05.2006, ora 11.10

Clrai-Rul Inundare controlat 17.04.2006, 16.00

Cardon, 24.04.2006, ora 7.00

Channel mpuita Controlled breaches, 21.04.2006, 14.00

Bechet, 24.04.2006, ora 7.15

Mnstirea, 2.05.2006, ora 17.10, breaches for water evacuation Nedeia, 3.05.2006 Ora 15.41, breaches for water evacuation

Oltina, 22.04.2006, ora 17.00

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Section

Design Level (cm)

Maxim Level before 2006 (cm)

Level in 2006 (cm)

Diferent Level 2006 Maxim Level 1970/1981 (cm)

Diferenta nivel 2006 nivel de proiectare cu diverse probabilitati (cm) 1% 5%

1 % Gruia Calafat Bechet Corabia Giurgiu Oltenita Clrai Cernavod Hrova Brila Tulcea

5%

Inregist rat 862 / 1981 899

Reconstituit

Diferenta

899

+37

782

734

802 / 1981 787 / 1981

861 845

865 857

+4 +12

+59 +58

+79

+127

773 804 794

711 750 741

756 / 1970 795 / 1970 772 / 1970 703 / 1970

801 822 809 737

812 830 815 765

+11 +8 +6 +28

+45 +27 +37 +34

+28 +18 +15

+90 +72 +68

690 678 678 458

644 641 619 411

708 / 1970 727 / 1970 639 / 1970 435 / 1970

736 764 699 438

760 792 724 450

+24 +28 +25 +12

+28 +37 +60 +3

+46 +86 +21 -20

+92 +123 +80 +27

Maximum registered and reconstituted water levels in various Danube s sections Danube 2006 year in comparison with the highest registered levels after Danube s embankment and the design dikes levels Danube

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Main elements and principles for rearranging of Danube River in Romania

1) Exchanging of the hydrological regime : increasing of level of River Danube in Bazias section and the level of Black Sea in Sulina Section; the effect of hydro technical works from upper stream and from down stream of Danube River Basin 2) Applying the WDF and all European Directive regarding environmental protection 3) Reduce the floods damages and protect the people 4) Creating the condition for Sustainable Developing of Danube area
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Proposal actions for ecological restoration of Lower Danube

10 19 18 17 4

OLDAVIA MOLDAVIA
8 16 15 14

UKRAINE

1 2

1 1 2 7 2 3 3 4 5 3 5 4 6
0 25 50 75

13

YUGOSLAVIA

8 9

10

12 11

BLACK SEA

BULGARIA
Arii protejate existente Zone propuse pentru a fi studiate 1.Parcul Natural Portile de Fier (115656ha) in vederea declararii lor ca arii protejate 2.Padurea Starmina (310 ha) 1.Hanova Ostrovul Corbului (1960 ha) 3.Rezervatia Naturala Ciuperceni-Desa (200 ha) 2.Ostrovul Mare -Ostrovul Turcesc (230 ha) 4. Insula Mica a Brailei (17529 ha) 3. Ciuperceni-Rast (2590 ha) 5.Rezervatia Biosferei Delta Dunarii (580000ha)4. Pietris (26 ha) 5. Vana (105ha) 6. Sector Dunare km 587-636 (4863ha) 7. Cama Dinu ( 196 ha) 8. Lacul Bugeac (1400ha) Cursuri de apa 9. Lacul Oltina (2509 ha) Drumuri roads 10. Lacul Mirleanu (550ha)

100 Kilometers
Ecological reconstruction areas

LEGEND

Arii protejate existente existing protected areas Arii protejate propuse proposed protected areas Zone propuse pentru areas proposed for reconstruction reconstructie

Zone de reconstructie ecologica proposed to be studied propuse pentru a fi studiate 11. Lacul Vederoasa (230ha) 1.Campia Blahnitei-Insula Corbului (1981ha) 12. Lacul Baciu (200ha) 2.Garla Mare-Salcia (681ha) 13.Lacul Hazarlac(268ha) 3.Incinta-Bistret-Nedia-Jiu (1080ha) 14.Mlastina Peceneaga (40ha) 4. Amenajarea complexa Potelu (23330ha) 15.Iazurile Turcoaia(310ha) 5.Amenajarea complexa Suhaia (17490ha) 16.Lacurile Sarat si Slatina (150ha) 6.Balta Greaca (33819ha) 17.Mlastina Macin-Smardan(230ha) 7.Insula Calarasi-Rau (13050ha) 18. Lacul Jijila (2500ha0 8.Complex Crapina (10000ha) 19. Lacul Brates (2111ha) 9. Complex Pardina (27052ha) 10. Lunca Prutului inferior (32400ha)

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PRUT River Floods in 2009

Prut Flood from July August 2009 had a peak of 4650 cm/s, the highest peak from 1840 2009. Prut River is the last tributary of Danube, its a transboundary river between Romania and moldova Romanian flood defence infrastructure has 800 km dykes. The Flood defence activities based on three scenarios for discharge flow from Stanca Costesti dam : 750 cm/s; 1000 cm/s and 1250 cm/s The effect of these controlled flooding have been protection of the peoples and properties from Romania and Moldova downstream reservoir Stanca Costesti . The evacuated people was 8500 downstream reservoir Stanca Costesti Political decisions have been taken based on technical decisions

CONCLUSION : Downstream reservoir Stanca Costesti no fatalities and not affected

properties

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RIVER PRUT BASIN GENERAL DATA

- RB Prut surface 10.990 km2 - Prut river length 742 km - Qmax 1% = 4150 m3/s - Q max 0.1% = 6550 m3/s

STANCA COSTESTI DAM V = 1,3 bil cm; H = 40 m

Multipurpose reservoir : Flood control, Water supply for population & irrigation, Hydropower, Fishing

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Historical flood event on Prut river 24/07 31/07/2008

the greatest flood event registrated on Prut river till present : Flow : Qmax = 4650 m3/s > Q1% Shape of hydrograph : two peaks
H1max = 1130 cm, exceeding the danger level with 5.30 m H2max = 1058 cm, exceeding the danger level with 4.58 m

Volume : 1.400 bil cm Time : 8 days Speed : water level in the reservoir increased with 8.64 m in 3 1/2 days (max. increasing being of 2.66 m / daynormally 1m / day).
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RADAUTI-PRUT OROFTIANA

FLOOD SCENARIOS
FLOOD SCENARIO B Qout = 1000 CM/S
POTENTIALLY AFECTED People + Goods : - People = 8500 - Houses = 2530 - Roads = 180 km - Agr. Land = 17200 ha
UNGHENI PRISACANI

AC. STANCA-COSTESTI
STANCA AVAL

FLOOD SCENARIO A Qout = 750 CM/S

POTENTIALLY AFECTED People + Goods : - People = 2800 - Houses = 721 - Roads = 60 km - Agr. Land = 8400 ha

INC. TRIFESTI-SCULENI INC. SCULENI-TUTORA

INC. TUTORA-GORBAN
DRINCENI

FLOOD SCENARIO C Qout = 1250 CM/S

POTENTIALLY AFECTED

FLOOD SCENARIO JOINTLY ADOPTED Qin > Q1%; Qout = 750 m3/s
OANCEA

People + Goods : - People = 15000 - Houses = 4575 - Roads = 260 km - Agr. Land = 35841 ha

PROTECTED People + Assets : - People = 15000 - Houses = 4575 - Roads = 260 km - Agr. land = 35841 ha

Conclusions
National Strategy of Flood Risk Management is in the implementation phase The action plan is following the terms which are included in EU Flood Directive through the steps bellow mentioned:
Preliminary flood risk assessment: 22/12/2011 Flood hazard maps and flood risk maps: 22/12/2013 Flood risk management plans: 22/12/2015

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Thank you !

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