International Journal of Engineering Research and Development

e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com

Volume 8, Issue 11 (October 2013), PP. 54-61
54
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle

M. H. Gulzar
Department of Mathematics University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006

Abstract:- The problem of finding the number of zeros of a polynomial in a given circle is of great interest in
the theory of the distribution of zeros of polynomials. In this paper we consider the said problem under certain
conditions on the coefficients of the polynomial or their real and imaginary parts and prove certain results that
generalize some well-known results on the subject.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C10, 30C15
Keywords and phrases:- Coefficient, Polynomial, Zero.

I. INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF RESULTS
In the literature many results have been proved on the number of zeros of a polynomial in a given
circle. Recently M. H. Gulzar [3] proved the following results:
Theorem A: : Let Let

=
=
0
) (
j
j
j
z a z P be a polynomial o f degree n such that
j j
a o = ) Re( ,
j j
a | = ) Im(

and for some positive integers , and for some real numbers
2 1 2 1
, , , t t k k ,

. ...... ......
...... ......
0 2 1 1 1 2
0 1 1 1 1 1
| t | | | | |
o t o o o o o


> > > s s s s
> > > s s s s
+
+
n n
n n
k
k

Then the number of zeros of P(z) in 1 0 , < < s o o z does not exceed
0
*
log
1
log
1
a
M
o
, where

0 1 2 1 2 1
*
) 1 ( ) ( ) ( 2 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( o t | o | o | o

+ + + + + + =
n n n n n
k k k k a M

0 0 2 0 2 0 1
) 1 ( a + + | t | t o t .

Theorem B: Let Let

=
=
0
) (
j
j
j
z a z P be a polynomial o f degree n such that
j j
a o = ) Re( ,
j j
a | = ) Im(

and for some positive integers o , , , and for some real numbers
1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 ; , , , ; , , ,
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
s < s < s < s < k k k k k k k k t t t t , , 1 0 , 1 0
2 1
s < s < t t
1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0
4 3 2 1
s < s < s < s < t t t t ,

.
. ...... ......
...... ......
...... ......
...... ......
1 4 3 1 2 1 2
1 ]
2
[ 2
2
0 3 2 2 2 2
]
2
[ 2
3
1 2 3 1 2 1 2
1 ]
2
[ 2
2
0 1 2 2 2 2
]
2
[ 2
1
| t | | | |
| t | | | |
o t o o o o
o t o o o o
o o



> > > s s s
> > > s s s
> > > s s s
> > > s s s
+

+
+

+
n
n
n
n
k
k
k
k

If n is even, then P(z) has all its zeros in the disk
2 1
r z r s s , where
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
55

M
a
r
0
1
= and
n
a
M
r
'
=
2
,
with
1 4 3 1 2 1 1 1
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (

+ + + + + + =
n n n n n n
k k k k a a a M | | o o

1 4
0 3 1 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 4 1 2
1 4 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
) 1 (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( 2
| t
| t o t o t | t o t | t o t
| o | o | | o o
o
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
n n n n
k k k k

and
1 4 3 1 2 1 0 1 1
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (

+ + + + + + = '
n n n n n
k k k k a a a M | | o o

. ) 1 (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( 2
1 4
0 3 1 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 4 1 2
1 4 1 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
| t
| t o t o t | t o t | t o t
| o | o | | o o
o
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
n n n n
k k k k

If n is odd, then P(z) has all its zeros in the disk
2 1
R z R s s , where

M
a
R
' '
=
0
1
and
n
a
M
R
' ' '
=
2
,
and M ' ' and M ' ' ' are respectively the same as M and M' , except that
4 3 2 1
, , , k k k k are respectively
replaced by . , , ,
3 4 1 2
k k k k
In this paper we shall find a bound for the number of zeros of the polynomials of Theorems A and B in a
circle of any positive radius. In fact, we prove the following results:
Theorem 1: Let Let

=
=
0
) (
j
j
j
z a z P be a polynomial o f degree n such that
j j
a o = ) Re( ,
j j
a | = ) Im(

and for some positive integers , and for some real numbers
, 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 ; , , ,
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
s < s < s < s < t t t t k k k k

. ...... ......
...... ......
0 1 1 1 1 1 2
0 1 1 1 1 1 1
| t | | | | | |
o t o o o o o o


> > > > s s s s
> > > > s s s s
+
+
n n
n n
k
k

Then the number of zeros of P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not exceed
0
1
log
log
1
a
M
c
, where
] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1
1
| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a M
] ) ( [ ] ) ( [
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
| | | t | o o o t o

+ + + + + + R R for 1 > R
and
] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1
1
| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a M
] ) ( ) ( [
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
| o | | t o o t | o

+ + + + + + R for 1 s R .
Remark 1: Taking R=1 and 1 0 ,
1
< < = o
o
c , Theorem 1 reduces to Theorem A.
For different values of
2 1 2 1
, , , t t k k , Theorem 1 gives many other interesting results.
Theorem 2: Let Let

=
=
0
) (
j
j
j
z a z P be a polynomial o f degree n such that
j j
a o = ) Re( ,
j j
a | = ) Im(

and for some positive integers o , , , and for some real numbers
1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 ; , , , ; , , ,
4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1
s < s < s < s < k k k k k k k k t t t t , , 1 0 , 1 0
2 1
s < s < t t
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
56
1 0 , 1 0
4 3
s < s < t t ,

.
. ...... ......
...... ......
...... ......
...... ......
1 4 3 1 2 1 2
1 ]
2
[ 2
2
0 3 2 2 2 2
]
2
[ 2
3
1 2 3 1 2 1 2
1 ]
2
[ 2
2
0 1 2 2 2 2
]
2
[ 2
1
| t | | | |
| t | | | |
o t o o o o
o t o o o o
o o



> > > s s s
> > > s s s
> > > s s s
> > > s s s
+

+
+

+
n
n
n
n
k
k
k
k

Then, for even n, the number of zeros of P(z) in in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not exceed
0
2
log
log
1
a
M
c
,
where
] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1
2
| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a M
] ) ( [ ] ) ( [
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
| | | t | o o o t o

+ + + + + + R R for 1 > R
and
] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1
2
| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a M
] ) ( ) ( [
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
| o | | t o o t | o

+ + + + + + R for 1 s R .
If n is odd, the number of zeros of P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not exceed
0
2
log
log
1
a
M
c
'
, where
'
2
M is same as
2
M except that
4 3 2 1
, , , k k k k are respectively replaced by
3 4 1 2
, , , k k k k .
For different values of
2 1 2 1
, , , t t k k , Theorem 2 gives many interesting results.
Theorem 3: Let Let

=
=
0
) (
j
j
j
z a z P be a polynomial o f degree n such that for some positive integers , ,
and for some real numbers , , , ,
2 1 2 1
t t k k , 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0 , 1 0
2 1 2 1
s < s < s < s < t t k k

. ...... ......
...... ......
1 2 3 1 2 1 2
1 ]
2
[ 2
2
0 1 2 2 2 2
]
2
[ 2
1
a a a a a k
a a a a a k
n
n
t
t


> > > s s s
> > > s s s
+

+

Then for even n the number of zeros of P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not exceed
0
3
log
log
1
a
M
c
,
where for 1 > R ,

1 2 1 1 0
1
1
2
3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( [

+

+
+ + + + + =
n n
n n
n
n
n
a k a k a R a R a R a M

)] 2 ( sin
) 2 2 ( cos
2
2
0 1 1 2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

+ + + + +
+ +
n
j
j n n
n n
a a a a k a k
a a a k a k a a
t t o
t t o


and for 1 s R ,

1 2 1 1 0
1
1
2
3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( [

+

+
+ + + + + =
n n
n
n
n
n
a k a k a R a R a R a M
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
57

)]. 2 ( sin
) 2 2 ( cos
2
2
0 1 1 2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

+ + + + +
+ +
n
j
j n n
n n
a a a a k a k
a a a k a k a a
t t o
t t o


If n is odd, then the number of zeros of P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not exceed
0
4
log
log
1
a
M
c
,
where
4
M is same as
3
M except that
2 1
, k k are respectively replaced by
1 2
, k k .
For different values of
2 1
, k k , Theorem 3 gives many interesting results.

II. LEMMAS
For the proofs of the above results we need the following results:
Lemma 1: If f(z) is analytic in R z s ,but not identically zero, f(0) = 0 and n k a f
k
,......, 2 , 1 , 0 ) ( = = , then

}
=
=
n
j
j
i
a
R
f d f
1
2
0
log ) 0 ( log (Re log
2
1
t
u
u
t

Lemma 1 is the famous Jensens theorem (see page 208 of [1]).
Lemma 2: If f(z) is analytic and ) ( ) ( r M z f s in r z s , then the number of zeros of f(z) in 1 , > s c
c
r
z
does not exceed

) 0 (
) (
log
log
1
f
r M
c
.
Lemma 2 is a simple deduction from Lemma 1.
Lemma 3: Let

=
=
0
) (
j
j
j
z a z P be a polynomial o f degree n with complex coefficients such that for some
real | o, , , 0 ,
2
arg n j a
j
s s s s
t
o | and
, 0 ,
1
n j a a
j j
s s >

then for any t>0,
o o sin ) ( cos ) (
1 1 1
+ + s
j j j j j j
a a t a a t a ta .
Lemma 3 is due to Govil and Rahman [2].

III. PROOFS OF THEOREMS
Proof of Theorem 1: Consider the polynomial
) ( ) 1 ( ) ( z P z z F =

1
2 1 1 1 1 0
1
0 0 1 1
1
0 1
1
1
) ( ) ( ) 1 (
) ( ...... ) (
) ...... )( 1 (

+

+

+ + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + + =
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
z z k z k a z a
a z a a z a a z a
a z a z a z a z
o o o o o


} ) 1 ( ) ( ...... ) ( ) (
...... ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( { ) 1 (
) ( ....... ) ( ) ( ......
0 2 0 2 1 1
1
1
1
2 1 1 2 2 0 1
0 1 1 1
1
1
z z z z
z z k z k i z
z z z
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
| t | t | | | | |
| | | | | o t
o t o o o o o

+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +

+
+

+
+

For R z s , we have by using the hypothesis
...... ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (
1
1 2 1 1 1 0
1
+ + + + + s


+ n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
R R k R k a R a z F o o o o o
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
58

R R R R
R R k R k
R R R R
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
0 2 0 2 1 1
1
1
1
1 2 2 1 2
0 1 0 1 1 1
1
1
) 1 ( ) ( ...... ) ( ) (
...... ) ( ) ( ) 1 (
) 1 ( ) ( ....... ) ( ) (
| t | t | | | | |
| | | | |
o t o t o o o o o

+ + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + +

+
+

+
+

For 1 > R ,
...... ) 1 [( ) (
1 2 1 1 1 0
1
+ + + + + s

+
n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a z F o o o o o

] ) 1 (
...... [ ] ) 1 (
...... [ ]
...... ) 1 (
0 2 0 2 1
2 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 2
1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2
| t | t |
| | | | o t o t o
o o o o | | | |
| | | | | o o o o

+ +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +

+ + +
+ + +
R
R
k k
n n n n n

] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1

| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a
] ) ( [ ] ) ( [
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
| | | t | o o o t o

+ + + + + + R R
For 1 s R ,
] ) ( ) ( [ ) (
2 1 0
1

| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + s
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a z F
] ) ( ) ( [
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
| o | | t o o t | o

+ + + + + + R .
Hence by Lemma 2, the number of zeros of F(z) and therefore P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not exceed
0
1
log
log
1
a
M
c
, where
] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1
1
| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a M
] ) ( [ ] ) ( [
0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
| | | t | o o o t o

+ + + + + + R R for 1 > R
and
] ) ( ) ( [
2 1 0
1
1
| o | | o o | o + + + + + + + =
+
n n n n n n
n n
n
k k R a R a M
] ) ( ) ( [
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
| o | | t o o t | o

+ + + + + + R for 1 s R .
That proves Theorem 1.
Proof of Theorem 2: Let n be even. Consider the polynomial
) ...... )( 1 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (
0 1
1
1
2 2
a z a z a z a z z P z z F
n
n
n
n
+ + + + = =

3
1 3
1
3 1 2
1
1
2
) ( ...... ) ( ) ( z a a z a a z a a z a az
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
+ + + + =


+

+


0 1
2
0 2
) ( a z a z a a + + +

1
2 2 1 1
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 (

+
+ =
n n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
z k z k z k z a z a o o o

. ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
...... ) ( ) ( ) (
) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 ( {
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
...... ) ( ) ( ) (
2
0 0 3
2
0 3 2
3
1 1 4
3
1 4 3
3
5 3
2
4 2
1
3 1 4
1
1 4 2 3 3 0 1
2
0 0 1
2
0 1 2
3
1 1 2
3
1 2 3
3
5 3
2
4 2
1
3 1 2
z z z z
z z z k
z k z k z k i a z a
z z z z
z z z k
n
n n
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n n
n
n n
n
n n
| | t | t | | | t | t |
| | | | | |
| | | |
o o t o t o o o t o t o
o o o o o o
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +

For R z s , we have by using the hypothesis
1
1 2 1 2 1
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (


+

+
+ + + + s
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
R k R k R k R a R a z F o o o o
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
59

3
1 2
3
1 2 3
1 2
3 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
3
3 5
2
2 4
1
1 2 3
) 1 ( ) ( ...... ) (
) ( ...... ) ( ) (
...... ) ( ) ( ) (
R R R
R R R
R R R k
n
n n
n
n n
n
n n
o t o t o o o
o o o o o o
o o o o o o

+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + +

+
+
+
+

| | | | | |
| o t o t o
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 3 2
3 0 1
2
0 1
2
0 1 2
) ( ) ( ...... ) (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) (
R R R k
R k a R a R R
n
n n
n
n

+
+
+ + + +
+ + + + +


2
0 3
2
0 3 2
3
1 4
3
1 4 3
1 2
3 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 (
) ( ) ( ) ( ......
R R R
R R R
| t | t | | t
| t | | | | |
o
o o
o
o o
+ + +
+ + + +


+
+

For 1 > R ,
1 2 1 2 1 0
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) 1 [( ) (

+

+
+ + + + + s
n n n n
n n
n
n
n
k k k R a R a R a z F o o o o

] ) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 (
......
......
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) (
) 1 ( ......
......
......
1 0 3 0 3 2 1 4
1 4 3 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2
3 0 0 1 0 1 2
1 2 1 2 3 3 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 5 2 4 1 2 3
a
k
k a
k
n n
n
n n n n n n
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+

+ +

| t | t | | t
| t | | | | |
| | | | | |
| o t o t o
o t o t o o o
o o o o o o
o o o o o o
o o o o





1 1 0
1
1
2
[

+

+
+ + + + + + =
n n n n
n n
n
n
n
R a R a R a | o | o

]. ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( 2
1 0 4 1 3 0 1 1 2
0 3 0 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2
3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
a
k k
k k
n n
n n
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + +


| t | t o t o t
| t o t | t o t | o
| o | | o o
o

For 1 s R ,
1 1 0
1
1
2
[ ) (

+

+
+ + + + + + s
n n n n
n
n
n
n
R a R a R a z F | o | o

]. ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( 2
1 0 4 1 3 0 1 1 2
0 3 0 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2
3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
a
k k
k k
n n
n n
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + +


| t | t o t o t
| t o t | t o t | o
| o | | o o
o

Hence , by Lemma 2, the number of zeros of F(z) and therefore P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not
exceed
0
2
log
log
1
a
M
c
, where for 1 > R ,
1 1 0
1
1
2
2
[

+

+
+ + + + + + =
n n n n
n n
n
n
n
R a R a R a M | o | o
) ( ) ( 2
3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 n n
k k | o | | o o
o
+ + + + +



], ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
) ( ) ( ) (
1 0 4 1 3 0 1 1 2
0 3 0 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2
a
k k
n n
+ + + +
+ + +

| t | t o t o t
| t o t | t o t | o

and for 1 s R ,
1 1 0
1
1
2
2
[

+

+
+ + + + + + =
n n n n
n
n
n
n
R a R a R a M | o | o
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
60

]. ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( 2
1 0 4 1 3 0 1 1 2
0 3 0 1 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 2
3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
a
k k
k k
n n
n n
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + +


| t | t o t o t
| t o t | t o t | o
| o | | o o
o

The proof for odd n is similar and is omitted.
That proves Theorem 2.
Proof of Theorem 3: Suppose that n is even and the coefficient conditions hold i.e.

. ...... ......
...... ......
1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 2
0 1 2 2 2 2 1
a a a a a k
a a a a a k
n
n
t
t


> > > s s s
> > > s s s
+
+

Consider the polynomial
) ...... )( 1 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) (
0 1
1
1
2 2
a z a z a z a z z P z z F
n
n
n
n
+ + + + = =

3
1 3
1
3 1 2
1
1
2
) ( ...... ) ( ) ( z a a z a a z a a z a az
n
n n
n
n n
n
n
n
+ + + + =


+

+


0 1
2
0 2
) ( a z a z a a + + +

1
2 2 1 1
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 (

+
+ =
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
z a k z a a k z a k z a z a

0 1
2
0 0 1
2
0 1 2
3
1 1 2
3
1 2 3
1 2
3 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
3
5 3
2
4 2
1
3 1 2
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ...... ) (
) ( ...... ) ( ) (
...... ) ( ) ( ) (
a z a z a a z a a
z a a z a a z a a
z a a z a a z a a
z a a z a a z a a k
n
n n
n
n n
n
n n
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +

+
+
+
+

t t
t t

For R z s , we have by using the hypothesis and Lemma 3
1
1 2 1 2 1
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) (


+

+
+ + + + s
n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
n
n
R a k R a k a R a k R a R a z F

0 1
2
0 1
2
0 1 2
3
1 2
3
1 2 3
1 2
3 2 1 2
1 2
1 2 1 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
3
3 5
2
2 4
1
1 2 3
) 1 (
) 1 ( ......
......
......
a R a R R a a
R a R a a R a a
R a a R a a R a a
R a a R a a R a k a
n
n n
n
n n
n
n n
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + +

+
+
+
+

o t t
t t

1 2 1 0
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) 1 [(

+

+
+ + + + s
n n
n n
n
n
n
a k a k R a R a R a

] sin ) ( cos ) (
) 1 ( ) 1 ( sin ) ( cos ) ( ......
sin ) ( cos ) ( sin ) (
cos ) ( ...... sin ) ( cos ) (
sin ) ( cos ) ( ...... sin ) (
cos ) ( sin ) ( cos ) (
1 0 1 2 0 1 2
0 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3
3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
2 4 1 2 1 2
a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a a a a
a a a k a a k a
n n
n n n n n n
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + +
+
+
+ +

o t o t
t t o t o t
o o o
o o o
o o o
o o o





1 2 1 1 0
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( [

+

+
+ + + + + =
n n
n n
n
n
n
a k a k a R a R a R a

)] 2 ( sin
) 2 2 ( cos
2
2
0 1 1 2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

+ + + + +
+ +
n
j
j n n
n n
a a a a k a k
a a a k a k a a
t t o
t t o


for 1 > R .
For 1 s R ,
On the Zeros of Complex Polynomials in a Given Circle
61
1 2 1 1 0
1
1
2
) 1 ( ) 1 ( [ ) (

+

+
+ + + + + s
n n
n
n
n
n
a k a k a R a R a R a z F

)]. 2 ( sin
) 2 2 ( cos
2
2
0 1 1 2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

+ + + + +
+ +
n
j
j n n
n n
a a a a k a k
a a a k a k a a
t t o
t t o


Hence , by Lemma 2, the number of zeros of F(z) and therefore P(z) in ) 1 , 0 ( > > s c R
c
R
z does not
exceed
0
3
log
log
1
a
M
c
, where for 1 > R ,

1 2 1 1 0
1
1
2
3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( [

+

+
+ + + + + =
n n
n n
n
n
n
a k a k a R a R a R a M

)] 2 ( sin
) 2 2 ( cos
2
2
0 1 1 2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

+ + + + +
+ +
n
j
j n n
n n
a a a a k a k
a a a k a k a a
t t o
t t o


and for 1 s R ,

1 2 1 1 0
1
1
2
3
) 1 ( ) 1 ( [

+

+
+ + + + + =
n n
n
n
n
n
a k a k a R a R a R a M

)]. 2 ( sin
) 2 2 ( cos
2
2
0 1 1 2 1 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2

+ + + + +
+ +
n
j
j n n
n n
a a a a k a k
a a a k a k a a
t t o
t t o


That proves the result for even n. The case when n is odd is similar and is omitted.

REFERENCES
[1]. L.V.Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, 3
rd
edition, Mc-Grawhill
[2]. N. K. Govil and Q. I. Rahman, On the Enestrom- Kakeya Theorem, Tohoku Math. J. 20(1968),126-
136.
[3]. M. H. Gulzar, Some Results on the Zeros of Polynomials, International Journal of Advanced
Scientific and Technical Research, Vol.4 Issue 2 August 2012.