Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th edition ISBN 0-13-196893-9 Prentice Hall

8th Edition: Zusammenfassung der Kapitel: http://cwx.prenhall.com/brock/ 11th Edition ?Folien? US $ 16,90: http://www.aw-bc.com/brock/

Growth of bacteria

-> large surface -> high turnover

Cell division

Cell counting Total cell count

Total cell count

Viable cell count

Nutrients required for growth of microorganisms

Macronutriens: C/N/P/S/H/K/Mg/Ca/Na/Fe Micronutrients: Trace elements: Na Temperature pH Salt Oxygen supply Water activity (Humidity)

Nutrition and Metabolism of Microorganisms

Principles of Metabolism:

Reduction potentials

The Electron Tower

NAD as a Redox Electron Carrier !freely diffusible)

Used for energy generating reactions (catabolic)

Nicotinamid-adenine-dinucleotide

Used for biosynthetic reactions (anabolic)

NAD/NADH Cycling

Energy-rich compounds

Energy conservation in fermentation and respiration

ATP synthesized during steps in Catabolism

ATP synthesized at the expense of proton motive force

Glycolysis Emden Meyerhof pathway

Respiration

Vinegar production: Acetobacter /Gluconobacter

Anoxic sewage digestion

Aerobic respiration: The citric acid cycle

Fatty acids

Amino-acids

Electron transport, proton motive force, and ATP synthesis

Oxidative phosphorylation

Electron transport: pH gradient and electrochemical potential = proton motive force > energized membrane > drives ATP synthesis chemiosmosis

Classification in terms of energy

Aerobic respiration (Chemotrophs)

Glycolysis TCA cycle

Ammonia oxidation
Nitrosomonas

Nitrite oxidation
Nitrobacter

Calvin cycle

Chemolitotrophic metabolism

Phototrophic metabolism

Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase

Classification in terms of e-acceptor

Abiotic parameters affecting growth of microorganisms

Parameters that affect growth of microorganisms

Macronutriens: C /N /P /S/ K/Mg/Ca/Na/Fe Micronutrients: Trace elements Temperature pH Salt (Osmolarity) Oxygen supply Water activity (Humidity)

Temperature classes of microorganisms

ph and growth

Salt and growth

Hypersaline habitats and bacteriorhodopsin

Oxygen and growth

Generating anoxic conditions

ps/pwater

Microbial growth control

Heat sterilization Pasteurization Ionizing radiation Filtration Chemical growth control Desinfectants

The autoclave

Radiation

Filters

Antimicrobials

Measuring antimicrobial activity

for external use

Targets of antibiotics

Commonly used antibiotics

Translation

Translation

Cell wall synthesis

Sensitivity towards antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance

Nosocomial Infections

Appearance of multi-drug resistant pathogens * Untreatable with conv. antibiotics

Antimicrobial drug-resistance
Mechanisms: Drug uptake / efflux Drug modification Drug-inactivation Alteration of drug target