T2178-360-01 IG Lec EN PDF

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Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER

Wildfire 4.0
T2178-360-01
Authored and published using
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Copyright 2008 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright for PTC software products is with Parametric Technology Corporation, its
subsidiary companies (collectively PTC), and their respective licensors. This software
is provided under written license agreement, contains valuable trade secrets and
proprietary information, and is protected by the copyright laws of the United States and
other countries. It may not be copied or distributed in any form or medium, disclosed to
third parties, or used in any manner not provided for in the software licenses agreement
except with written prior approval from PTC.
UNAUTHORIZED USE OF SOFTWARE OR ITS DOCUMENTATION CAN RESULT IN
CIVIL DAMAGES AND CRIMINAL PROSECUTION.
User and training guides and related documentation from PTC is subject to the copyright
laws of the United States and other countries and is provided under a license agreement
that restricts copying, disclosure, and use of such documentation. PTC hereby grants to
the licensed software user the right to make copies in printed form of this documentation
if provided on software media, but only for internal/personal use and in accordance
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About PTC University

Welcome to PTC University!
With an unmatched depth and breadth of product development knowledge,
PTC University helps you realize the most value from PTC products. Only
PTC University offers:
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An innovative learning methodology - PTCs Precision Learning

Methodology is a proven proprietary approach used by PTC to develop and
deliver learning solutions.
Flexible Delivery Options PTC University ensures you receive the same
quality training programs regardless of the learning style. Our extensive
experience, innovative learning techniques, and targeted learning modules
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Delivering Value A role-based learning design ensures the right people
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organizations overall performance goals.
The course you are about to take will expose you to a number of learning
offerings that PTC University has available. These include:
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Instructor-led Training (ILT) - The ideal blend of classroom lectures,

personal demonstrations, hands-on workshops, assessments, and
post-classroom tools.
Pro/FICIENCY - This Web-based, skills assessment and
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PTC University additionally offers Precision Learning Programs. These are
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current skills, desired competencies and training preferences.
Whatever your learning needs are, PTC University can help you get the most
out of your PTC products.
PTC Telephone and Fax Numbers

North America
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Europe
Education Services Registration

Tel: (888) 782-3773
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Technical Support, License Management, Training & Consulting

Tel: +800-PTC-4-HELP (00-800-78-24-43-57)
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Please refer to http://www.ptc.com/services/training/contact.htm for contact

information.
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In addition, you can access the PTC Web site at www.ptc.com. Our Web
site contains the latest training schedules, registration information, directions
to training facilities, and course descriptions. You can also reach technical
support, and register for online service options such as knowledge base
searches, reference libraries and documentation. You can also find general
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Support, and PTC Partners.
Precision Learning
Precision Learning In The Classroom
PTC University uses the Precision Learning methodology to develop
effective, comprehensive class material that will improve the productivity
of both individuals and organizations. PTC then teaches using the proven
instructional design principal of Tell Me, Show Me, Let Me Do:
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Topics are introduced through a short presentation, highlighting the key

concepts.
These key concepts are then reinforced by seeing them applied in the
software application.
You then apply the concepts through structured exercises.
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After the course, a Pro/FICIENCY assessment is provided in order for you to

assess your understanding of the materials. The assessment results will also
identify the class topics that require further review.
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At the end of the class, you will either take a Pro/FICIENCY assessment via
your PTC University eLearning account, or your instructor will provide training
on how to do this after the class.
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Precision Learning After the Class
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Each student that enrolls in a PTC class has a PTC University eLearning
account. This account will be automatically created if you do not already
have one.
As part of the class, you receive additional content in your account:
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A Pro/FICIENCY assessment from the course content that generates a

Recommended Learning Report based on your results.
A Web-based training version of the course, based on the same
instructional approach of lecture, demonstration and exercise. The
Recommended Learning Report will link directly to sections of this training
that you may want to review.
Please note that Web-based training may not be available in all languages.
The Web-based training is available in your account for one year after the
live class.
Precision Learning Recommendations
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PTC uses a role-based training approach. The roles and the associated
training are graphically displayed in a curriculum map. Curriculum maps are
available for numerous PTC products and versions in the training section of
our Web site at http://www.ptc.com/services/edserv/learning/paths/index.htm.
Please note that a localized map may not be available in every language and
that the map above is partial and for illustration purposes only.
Before the end of the class, your instructor will review the map
corresponding to the course you are taking. This review, along with instructor
recommendations, should give you some ideas for additional training that
corresponds to your role and job functions.
For Students: How to Use this Course Handbook

Guide Layout
The information in this guide is organized as topics to aid students in finding
information after the class is complete. Each topic is divided into the following
sections:
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Concept This section contains the initial introduction to the topic and is
presented during the class lecture.
Theory This section provides detailed information introduced in the
Concept.
Procedure This section provides step-by-step instructions on how to
complete the topic within Pro/ENGINEER. Procedures are short, focused,
and simple exercises that cover the specific topics to which they apply.
Procedures are found in this Student Handbook only. Not every topic has a
Procedure as there are knowledge topics that can not be exercised.
Exercise Exercises are longer than procedures, and may cover multiple
topics, so not every topic will have an associated exercise. Exercises are
typically more involved and use more complicated models. Exercises are
found in the printed Exercise Guide and the online exercise HTML files.
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Additionally, topics are organized into modules. Except for the first module,
all modules are grouped to keep similar functionality together.
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The first module is typically a process module. In this module, you are
introduced to the generic high-level processes used during the course and
after the course is completed.
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Running Course Handbook Procedures and Exercises

To make the exercises and procedures (referred to collectively as labs for the
remainder of this section) as concise as possible, each begins with a header.
The header lists the name of the lab and a brief scenario. The header lists
the working directory, the file you are to open, and the initial datum display.
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An example of a Procedure is shown below, but Exercises follow the same

general rules:
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The following gives a brief description of the items highlighted above:

Procedure/Exercise Name This is the name of the lab.
Scenario This briefly describes what will be done in the lab.
Close Windows/Erase Not Displayed This indicates that you should
close any open files and erase them from memory. Click the Close
Window icon until the icon is disabled and then click the Erase Not
Displayed icon and click OK. These icons have been added to the
left side of the main toolbar.
4. Folder Name This is the working directory for the lab. Lab files are
stored on a module by module basis. Within each module, you will find
subdirectories for each lab. In this example, Extrude_Features is the
working directory. To set the working directory, select the folder from
the browser, right-click and select Set Working Directory
5. Model to Open This is the file to be opened from the working directory
(extrude.prt for example). In the browser, right-click on the file and
select Open. The model could be a part, drawing, assembly, etc. Also,
if you are expected to create a model, you will see Create New here.
6. Datum Display Setting The initial datum display is shown here.
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1.
2.
3.
means that you should display datum

For example,
planes but not display datum axes, datum points and datum coordinate
systems. Before beginning the lab, set the icons in the datum display
toolbar to match those shown in the header.
7. Task Name Labs are broken into distinct tasks. There may be one
or more tasks within a lab.
8. Lab Steps These are the individual steps required to complete a task.
Two other items of note for labs:
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Saving Saving your work after completing a lab is optional, unless

otherwise stated.
Erasing models from memory You should always erase models from
memory when a lab is complete.
Training Agenda
Day 1
Module 01
Module 02
Module 03
Module 04
Introduction to the Freeform Surface Modeling Process

Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling Concepts
Creating Initial Freeform Curves
Developing Freeform Surface Models
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Module 06
Module 07
Module 08
Module 09
Advanced Tools and Techniques for Defining Freeform

Shapes
Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models
Integrating Style and Parametric Features
Techniques for Creating Common Detailed Shapes
Creating Complex, High Quality Freeform Models
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Module 05
Day 2
Table of Contents
Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
Instructor Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Recommended Course Delivery Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
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Introduction to the Freeform Surface Modeling Process . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction to Freeform Surface Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Understanding Surface Modeling Paradigms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combining Freeform and Parametric Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typical Pro/ENGINEER Freeform Modeling Process . . . . . . . . . . . .
1-1
1-2
1-4
1-6
1-8
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Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Understanding the Style Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Understanding Style Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Understanding the Style Modeling Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Using Style Tool Shortcut Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Using Style Tool Key Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Understanding Active Planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
Understanding the Style Tool 4-View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Understanding Style Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
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Creating Initial Freeform Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Understanding Style Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Introduction to Creating Style Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Creating Style Curves as Circles or Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Understanding Datum Features within Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10
Creating Style Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11
Manipulating Style Point Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Editing Endpoint Tangency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Editing Soft Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Editing Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
Copying and Moving Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34
Offsetting Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-38
Using the 4-View Layout to Modify Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42
Analyzing Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Using Imported Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-49
Using Imported 3-D Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-54
Using References from Design Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55
Developing Freeform Surface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Understanding Style Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Boundary Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creating Loft Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-6
Using Multiple Curves as a Single Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Creating a Blend Surface using the Radial Option. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
Creating a Blend Surface using the Uniform Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
Using Surfaces to Define Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
Creating a Curve on Surface Type Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Intersecting Surfaces to Create a COS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-22
Creating a Curve using the Curve from Surface Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
Manipulating COS Type Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
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Advanced Tools and Techniques for Defining Freeform Shapes . . . . 5-1

Manipulating Shapes using Internal Curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Creating Radial Path Planar Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
Copying Curves Proportionally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Modifying Curve Shapes Proportionally . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Unlinking Style Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Making Curves Planar Between Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Editing Style Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Resolving Failed Style Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26
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Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Understanding Curvature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Connecting Style Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
Understanding Style Curve Connection Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8
Manipulating Curve Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
Connecting Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13
Understanding Surface Connection Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Analyzing Continuity of Freeform Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18
Using the Curvature Analysis Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
Using the Shaded Curvature Analysis Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24
Using the Dihedral Angle Analysis Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28
Using the Reflection Analysis Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
Integrating Style and Parametric Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Understanding Parallel Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
Using Surfaces to Define Solid Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Exporting Curve Parameters for Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Referencing a Parametric Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13
Manipulating Style Geometry using Editing Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-16
Techniques for Creating Common Detailed Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Creating Common Detailed Shapes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
Creating Scoops or Bulges using Intersecting Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Definite Boundaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Blurred Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
Creating Split Surface Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
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Creating Complex, High Quality Freeform Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

Understanding Four-Boundary Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Using the Overbuild Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Using the Create Boundaries Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-7
Using the Void Boundary Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11
Creating a Four-Boundary Rounded Shape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Creating a Triangular Shape using Four Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17
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Instructor Preface
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Module Overview
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Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 is designed for users

who want to create models with freeform shapes, contours, and curvatures
that do not have to be constrained by dimensions, parameters, or references.
Freeform surface models are created using the Interactive Surface Design
Extension (ISDX) modeling environment within the Style tool.
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As the instructor, you are responsible for teaching students how to

create, modify, and analyze freeform curves and surface features in this
comprehensive, hands-on course. You also teach the students how to create
complex freeform shapes, maintain smooth freeform models, and integrate
freeform Style features with conventional parametric geometry.
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As the instructor, your goal is to deliver the highest quality course possible. In
this module, you learn the design intent that the course developers had in
mind when writing the course. This includes notes on how to best present the
course to students through your lectures and demonstrations. Additionally,
module durations and other recommendations that are included have been
benchmarked during the testing of this course.
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Objectives
After completing this module, you will be able to:

Deliver the course on schedule.
Instruct students how to use the course materials.
Deliver lectures using the course content.
Deliver the demonstrations using the course content.
Facilitate lab exercises.
2008 PTC
P. i
Software Versions Used

Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 F000
Licenses Required
Note that you will need Pro/ASSEMBLY, Pro/FEATURE, Pro/SURFACE, and
Interactive_Surface_Design.
Instructor Materials
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Before teaching this course, you must read and thoroughly understand the
following materials:
Applicable Help Documentation

Review Online Help documentation by selecting the Help Center
menu option from the Help drop-down menu within Pro/ENGINEER
Wildfire 4.0. Select Surfacing as the functional area and then select
Freeform Surfacing (ISDX) as the module review in the Online Help
documentation.
2. Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
Review the Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
(T2178) training material located in the New! PTC Customer Education
& Knowledge project in Windchill ProjectLink.
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2008 PTC
Recommended Course Delivery Schedule

It is recommended that the course be run with the approximate times shown.
Day Module
Lecture
Demo
Exercise
Knowledge
Check
5 min
15 min
30 min
Module
2
10:15
10:45
am
10 min
5 min
10 min
Module
3
10:45
12:15
pm
30 min
60 min
Lunch
12:15
1:15 pm
Module
3
1:15
2:45 pm
Module
4
2:45
4:40 pm
Pro/FICIENCY
4:40
5:00 pm
Module
5
9:00
10:30
am
Module
6
10:30
12:00
am
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85 min
5 min
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5 min
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10 min
9:15
10:15
am
9:00
9:15 am
Module
1
Course
Intro
30 min
60 min
5 min
10 min
20 min
55 min
5 min
10 min
20 min
55 min
5 min
20 min
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Delivery
Times
Lunch
12:00
1:00 pm
Module
7
1:00
2:10 pm
10 min
10 min
45 min
5 min
Module
8
2:10
3:25 pm
10 min
15 min
45 min
5 min
Module
9
3:25
4:40 pm
10 min
15 min
45 min
5 min
Pro/FICIENCY
4:40
5:00 pm
Keep the following in mind when using the course delivery schedule.
Successful delivery of the course requires careful time management.
2008 PTC
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Although the course is quite full of content, keeping to the above schedule
will help you stay on track.
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The course delivery times have been worked out based on testing of the
course.
It is recommended that you start the class at 9:00 am. Each module is
followed by a Pro/FICIENCY knowledge check. Module durations are
designed to include 5 extra minutes for the students to complete the
mandatory knowledge check.
In general, you should aim to complete each course component
(lecture, demo, lab, and knowledge checks) within +/- 5 minutes of the
recommended time. If you are consistently running over, this can add up
significantly by the end of the day. However, provide students with the full
time allocated for labs since students would want to complete all tasks
in the lab exercises.
Course Introduction Use this time to do introductions with the students.
Let the students familiarize themselves with the layout of the classroom
and building facilities. Give an overview of the course content and explain
how the course fits in a role-based curriculum. Assure them that they will
learn a lot by the end of the course. Also make sure that the students have
completed the prerequisites before taking this course.
Lunch Ensure that the lunch break does not exceed 1 hour. The
students are free to work on additional lab exercises or review previous
modules during lunch time.
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Instructing Students How to Use the Course Materials
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Instructing students how to use the course materials is important because

the key concepts for each module are introduced during the lecture. Mention
to the students that they can take notes in the Lecture Notes page at the
beginning of the module.
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Inform the students that the slides and reference material used by
the instructor are provided in each module in the training guide. It is
recommended that students concentrate on what the instructor is presenting,
and review the reference material in the training guide at a later time. Remind
the students that by watching and listening to the instructor, they can gain
valuable insights and additional tips on the topics covered in each module.
Make sure that you review the Pro/FICIENCY questions at the end of each
module as part of the knowledge check process.
Also, do not hesitate to recommend that students should watch and listen
to the demonstration, without flipping through the guide. This is important
because you will be demonstrating and explaining the key concepts of the
module. Remind students that they have a copy of the demonstration - the
lab exercises in their training guide. Additional exercises, tasks, and optional
exercises are also included in most modules.
In addition, keep students attention to your lectures and demonstrations by
discouraging them to use the computers during your delivery of material. If
the classroom layout does not permit for separate lecture and lab spaces,
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have the students turn off their monitors (or close laptop screens) before
starting each module.
Remember that students learn better by the following approach:
Tell them (Lecture), show them (demo), and let them do it (lab).
Delivering Lectures Using the Course Content
Your lectures are meant to quickly introduce the module topics and inform
students why these topics are important to them. Remember, students learn
more by completing the exercises than listening to lengthy lectures.
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Discuss what each topic is and why it is important. You can do so by

expanding on the bulleted items in the lecture slides and detailing how they
relate to the figures in the slides. You should NOT be reading the reference
notes under the slides to the students.
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Encourage students to ask questions, but do not hesitate to ask them to

hold their question until the demonstration if you can answer their question
more effectively. Also, answer advanced or off-topic questions for a particular
student during lab time.
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Furthermore, you should NOT spend time on details, such as menu picks.
Save the detailed explanations for the demonstration or you will waste time
by telling students the same thing more than once.
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The time durations have been allocated so that at least 95% of all students will
finish all the lab exercises, including the project. If you stick to these times,
you will be able to deliver the course according to schedule. Assure them that
the course is designed so that they can complete it according to the schedule.
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Finally, practice your lectures several times so that you can deliver them with
a smooth flow. If you keep in mind that you are briefly describing topics, and
are NOT delivering all the reference material for the slides, then you should
be able to deliver the lectures in the time allowed.
Delivering Demonstrations Using the Course Content
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Your demonstrations are meant to concentrate on showing your students

how to perform a task and reinforce why the task is important. It is during
the demonstration that students learn the menu picks and steps required to
complete various tasks. Do NOT skip the demonstrations to give students
more time for lab exercises. Effective demonstrations enable students to
complete their lab exercises with greater ease.
While performing the demonstrations, you should explain the clicks and
selections that you make and why they are important. For example, it is
important that students understand why certain steps are used to complete a
task. It is also important to explain the design intent of all tasks.
It is critical that you practice the demonstrations so that you can complete
them within the allocated time. The times allocated for demonstrations in
each module are reasonable for well-practiced demonstrations.
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Also, do not hesitate to answer advanced or off-topic questions for a particular

student during lab time. Answering these types of questions in front of the
group can easily take an additional 5-10 minutes.
Remember that students learn more by completing the exercises
themselves rather than watching lengthy demonstrations.
Facilitating Lab Exercises
It is critical that you maximize lab time since students learn best by completing
their lab exercises.
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Download and install the lab files and desktop exercises for the class on each
student workstation. The zip archives can be found in the NEW! Customer
Education & Knowledge project in ProjectLink.
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Be sure that C:\users\student\Freeform_WF4 class directory is set as the

Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 startup directory in all the student workstations.
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The desktop exercises are organized with a launch page (index.htm) that is
found in the T2178_360_HTML folder. Load this page for each student prior
to the class, and ensure that it is open at the beginning of each day. You
should also create a desktop shortcut to T2178_360_HTML\index.htm and
name it Freeform Exercises.
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Students will launch the HTML version of the procedures, exercises, and
projects by selecting the links on this page. Each time a link is selected, the
student is taken to the appropriate lab. On the lab page, the student can click
the Return to Exercises link, which takes them to back to the main page,
or the Mark Complete and Return link, which takes them back to the main
page and displays a check mark next to the link, indicating completion.
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When you complete the course, click the Clear Checks button at
the bottom of each students desktop HTML page. This will delete
the cookies that are stored for indicating completed links. Note that
this does not reset the actual Pro/ENGINEER lab files. The lab files
must be deleted and extracted again from the zip archive.
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Ensure that ALL students progress through the labs by continually walking
around and helping them. It is a fact that most students will try a task a few
times before asking for help. It is also a fact that students are much more
inclined to ask a question when you are casually walking around the room. In
addition, many students lose sight of the task at hand while trying to follow
picks and clicks in the lab exercises. Identify the areas where students seem
to be struggling and give extra help to resolve the problematic areas. Do
NOT spend lab time preparing for the next module, checking your e-mail, or
surfing the Internet. Complete your preparations before or after class hours,
if necessary.
As the instructor, it is critical that you emphasize the real-world
importance of the tasks students perform in the lab exercises. You
should explain to students why they need to know certain features,
functions, and options, and why they are important.
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Start the lectures in a timely manner and refer to the delivery schedule for
time recommendations. Give the class a 5 minute warning near the end of
each lab, and then start the next lecture promptly.
Remember, students learn the most by successfully completing the
lab exercises. As the instructor, it is up to you to facilitate the lab
exercises properly to ensure their success.
Build Code(s)
Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
F000
Build
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Title/Version
Summary
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Deliver the course on schedule.

Instruct students on how to use the course materials.
Deliver lectures using the course content.
Deliver the demonstrations using the course content.
Facilitate lab exercises.
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After successfully completing this module, you should know how to:
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Introduction to the Freeform Surface

Modeling Process
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Module Overview
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This module is an overview of the freeform surface modeling and the surface
modeling paradigms used within Pro/ENGINEER. You also learn how,
in Pro/ENGINEER, you can combine freeform surfacing with parametric
modeling to create styled models that contain engineered detail and precision.
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Objectives
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Finally, you learn about the freeform modeling process typically used within
Pro/ENGINEER. This simplified process is used at most companies, although
your specific company process may differ. The process is supported
throughout the course modules.
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Understand and describe freeform surface modeling.
Understand and describe the two modeling paradigms used within
Pro/ENGINEER.
Understand and describe how freeform and parametric modeling can be
combined in a Pro/ENGINEER model.
Understand and describe a typical Pro/ENGINEER freeform modeling
process.
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Module 1 | Page 1
Introduction to Freeform Surface Modeling

Freeform surface modeling enables engineers to create highly
precise and distinctly aesthetic product designs.
Freeform surface modeling is used for:
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Shapes with high curvature.

Sculpted shapes.
Shapes that are difficult to create
using parametric features.
Models requiring tangent or curvature
continuity.
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Motorcycle Helmet
Water Faucet
Hedge Trimmer
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Introduction to Freeform Surface Modeling Theory

Freeform surface modeling enables you to design models that have:
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Geometric shapes with high curvatures, or curvature in two directions.

Fluid, sculpted, or organic shapes.
Shapes that are difficult or impossible to design using parametric surface
features.
Smooth shapes with tangent or curvature continuity.
Images displayed above are examples of models that you can create using
freeform surface modeling techniques.
A motorcycle helmet
A water faucet
An electric hedge trimmer
Common Freeform Surface Modeling Scenarios

The following are standard scenarios in which freeform surface modeling
yields better results, since it requires interactive modeling:
Your colleague has developed a foam model of a product shape. You
create a model that matches to the mock-up.
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You receive an e-mail attachment with the concept sketches of a molded

suitcase. You develop a Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire model.
You have drawings of an automobile mirror with views and sections. You
create a digital model of the mirror.
The internal components of a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) are known.
You intuitively create the body design.
You design a toy based on the data available in IGES form.
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Module 1 | Page 3
Understanding Surface Modeling Paradigms

You can use two different surface modeling paradigms within
Pro/ENGINEER.
Parametric Surface Modeling:
Dimensionally controlled
Engineering type features
Freeform Surface Modeling:
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Driven by intuition and feel

Aesthetic requirements
Select either method, based on:
Inner Door Panel
Outer Door Panel
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Design input
Design intent
Designers background
Pro/ENGINEER Surface Modeling Paradigms Theory

There are two surface modeling paradigms in Pro/ENGINEER:
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Parametric Surface Modeling

Parametric surface modeling uses techniques similar to solid modeling.
Creates surface features that are ultimately driven by dimensions,
parameters, or mathematical equations.
Parametric surface modeling (also known as Pro/SURFACE) forms the
basis for the other surface modeling course: Surface Modeling with
Pro/ENGINEER.
Freeform Surface Modeling
Creates surface features that are driven by intuition, feel, and aesthetic
requirements.
Freeform surface modeling (also known as the Interactive Surface
Design Extension, or ISDX) forms the basis for this course.
Selecting a Surface Modeling Paradigm

Both of these approaches can deliver the required surface model shape. You
can select a suitable approach based on the following factors:
The design input:
Hard data and dimension values.
Sketches or conceptual drawings.
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The design intent:

Control geometry based upon dimensions.
Manipulate curve and surface geometry interactively.
The designers background:
Design engineers may prefer parametric surface modeling.
Designers with industrial design or artistic backgrounds may prefer
freeform surface modeling.
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Module 1 | Page 5
Combining Freeform and Parametric Modeling

You can create product shapes using a combination of freeform
and parametric modeling.
Many product shapes are best created
utilizing a combination of:
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Parametric surface models with

freeform curves and surfaces.
Freeform surface models with
parametric framework and relations.
Blower Model
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PDA Model
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Ring Model
Combining Freeform and Parametric Modeling Theory
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Using Pro/ENGINEER, you can combine freeform surfacing with parametric

modeling to create styled models that contain engineered detail and precision.
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Many product shapes are best created using a combination of parametric

and freeform surface features.
Using ISDX (Interactive Surface Design Extension) enables you to combine
the parametric feature-based modeling approach with the unconstrained
freeform surface modeling approach.
For example, while designing jewelry you may use freeform surface
modeling tools to create the sculpted shapes, and parametric surface
modeling tools to create a ring base and precise jewel cavities.
Techniques for Combining the Modeling Paradigms

To combine both the modeling paradigms, you can:
Create freeform features with references to the geometric features.
Create a parametric framework and then create freeform features with
references to the framework.
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Define blends and transition surfaces using freeform surfaces in a

parametric surface model.
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The figures above display a ring model created with a combination

of parametric and freeform surface features, a freeform PDA model
with parametric framework to modify the overall dimensions, and
a blower model in which the blending surface (highlighted in wire
mesh) is created as the freeform surface.
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Module 1 | Page 7
Typical Pro/ENGINEER Freeform Modeling

Process
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The typical freeform modeling process can be summarized in

four steps:
2. Creating Style Features
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3. Blending Parametric and

Style Features
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1. Creating a Design Framework
4. Refining the Design
Creating a Design Framework
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Begin your freeform design by creating a framework of reference geometry

that defines key characteristics of your design. You can use a framework to
define overall size, the location of attachments, design limits, and so on. The
framework can include datum features, copied geometry, imported 3-D data,
or even images of conceptual sketches.
Creating Style Features

You can create freeform surface features using the interactive modeling
environment within the Style tool. Style curves and surfaces enable you to
create design models with complex and high-curvature shapes. Referencing
the previously defined framework enables you to parametrically control your
freeform design.
Blending Parametric and Style Features

A freeform model typically contains both style and parametric features. You
can combine standard Pro/ENGINEER parametric features and freeform
features to create a detailed solid model. Features that reference the style
features will update as the style features are edited. Style features that
reference parametric features will update as you edit the parametric features.
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Refining the Design
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You typically refine the look and feel of a freeform design by adding or editing
style curves and surfaces. You can add curves to influence the shape of a
surface, end conditions changed, surface details added, and so on. The
relationship between parametric and style features in a Pro/ENGINEER
model ensures that edits to the style features are propagated to all referencing
features in the model.
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Module 1 | Page 9
PROCEDURE - Process Exercise

Objectives
After successfully completing this exercise, you will be able to:

Create a datum plane for use as a models framework.
Create a style surface using the Style tool.
Create parametric features that reference a style surface.
Create a style curve using the Style tool.
Edit a style surface using the Style tool.
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Scenario
You have taken over the design of a cover model that was started by a
colleague at your company. This component is part of a user interface so it
must be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
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The framework of the model contains functional information including

attachment locations and overall size. You will add an additional feature
to the existing framework. You will then use the style curves to create a
styled surface that defines the look and feel of the cover. You will add
detailed geometry to the model by creating standard parametric features that
reference the styled surface.
Step 1:
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After the initial phase of the design has been completed, you refine the design
by making edits to both the style and parametric features of the model.
Add a datum plane to the existing design framework.
1. Open the COVER.PRT part model.

from the main toolbar at the top of the interface.
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Click Open
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In the File Open dialog box, click Working Directory
Double-click module_01, right-click the Process folder and select
Set Working Directory.
Double-click the Process folder to view its contents.
Select COVER.PRT and click Open.
2. Click Axis Display

Display
, Point
, and Csys Display
from the main toolbar at the

top of the interface to disable
their display.
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3. Create a datum plane at the

center of the existing framework.
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Click Datum Plane Tool

from the feature toolbar on the
right side of the interface.
In the Graphics window, select
datum plane RIGHT.
While pressing the SHIFT
key, click and drag the small,
white, square drag handle to
the curve, as shown.
Select the Properties tab.
Edit the name to Center and
click OK.
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The datum planes and sketch features that make up the framework
of this model will be referenced by both the style and parametric
features used to further define the model.
Create a styled surface using the Style tool.
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Step 2:
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1. In the model tree, select the Insert Indicator , right-click, and

select Cancel. Press ENTER to accept the default value of Yes.
2. Click Plane Display
to disable their display.
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3. In the model tree, select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit

Definition.
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4. In the style tree, located in

the lower portion of the model
tree, select each of the four style
curves and observe each as they
are highlighted in the Graphics
window.
A single style feature typically contains multiple style curves and

surfaces.
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Module 1 | Page 11
5. Create a style surface using the four style curves as boundaries.
Add parametric features to further define the model.
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Step 3:
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Click Surface
from the style feature toolbar.
Press CTRL and select the four curves, as shown.
to complete creation of the style
Click Complete Feature
surface.
Click Done
from the style toolbar.
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1. Edit the selection filter, located in the lower-right corner of the

Pro/ENGINEER window to Quilts.
2. In the Graphics window, select the surface created in the previous
task.
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3. Mirror the style surface.

In the feature toolbar, click
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Mirror Tool
.
In the model tree, select
FRONT as the mirror plane.
Click Complete Feature .
4. Merge the two surfaces into one.

Click in the Graphics window
to de-select the mirror feature.
Press CTRL and select both
surface quilts, as shown.
In the feature toolbar, click
Merge Tool
, to merge the
two quilts into one.
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5. Add solid thickness to the model,

referencing the surface quilt.
With the merge feature still
selected, click Edit > Thicken.
Edit the thickness to 1 and
press ENTER.
to Through All
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Click Remove Material

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Click Extrude Tool
In the dashboard, edit the
depth from Specified Depth
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6. Remove material to form four

access holes.
Sketch 2.
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7. Round the sharp edges.
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Click Round Tool

.
Press CTRL and select the
five edges shown.
In the dashboard, edit the
value to .5 and press ENTER.
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Step 4:
Edit the styled surface.

Definition.
to enable their display.
3. Right-click in the Graphics window, click Set Active Plane, and

select datum plane CENTER.
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Module 1 | Page 13
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5. Create an internal control curve of the surface to be referenced.

Click Create Curves
from the feature toolbar.
Click Planar in the dashboard, if necessary.
Press SHIFT and click to place the start point of the curve on the
lower boundary of the surface, as shown.
Press SHIFT and click to place the end point of the curve on the
upper boundary of the surface, as shown.
to complete creation of the style curve.
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6. Edit the style surface and add the new curve to its definition.
In the style tree, select the surface feature, right-click and click
Edit Definition.
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In the dashboard, click to activate the Internal Curves

field
then select the previously created curve.
surface.
Click Done
Notice how the internal curve has influenced the shape of the
surface.
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7. Add additional points to control

the internal curves shape.
If necessary, select Style 1
from the model tree, right-click,
and select Edit Definition.
Select the previously created
curve, right-click, and select
Edit Definition.
Right-click in the Graphics
window, select Active Plane
Orientation.
Right-click the curve and
select Add Midpoint.
Right-click the curve, just
above this first midpoint and
Right-click the curve just
below the first midpoint and
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8. Edit the end conditions of the

curve.
Select the upper end point of
the curve.
Right-click the tangent handle
and select Normal. In the
model tree, select FRONT.
Select the lower end point of
the curve.
and select Draft Tangent.
In the model tree, select TOP
and edit the draft tangent
angle value to 3.
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Module 1 | Page 15
9. Add a curvature analysis to the

curve.
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10. Edit the shape of the curve.

Press CTRL + D.
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Click Curvature
from the
main toolbar.
Select the curve you are
currently editing.
In the Curvature dialog box,
type 1 for the scale and press
ENTER.
In the lower left of the
Curvature dialog box, select
Saved from the drop-down
list.
from the
Click Accept
Curvature dialog box.
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Click Pause Feature

the dashboard.
Click Show All Views
from the main toolbar.
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Click Resume Feature from the dashboard.

In the lower-right view, refine the shape of the curve using the
curvature plot as a guide. Observe the shape of the surface
updating in each view, as you move points.
surface.
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Click Delete All Curvature

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Click Done
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Step 5:
Make final edits to the model.
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1. Apply a reflection analysis to the

model.
Click Analysis > Geometry >
Reflection.
two top surfaces of the model,
as shown.
In the lower left of the
Curvature dialog box, select
Saved from the drop-down
list.
from the
Click Accept
Reflection dialog box.
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2. Edit the initial design framework.

In the model tree, right-click Sketch 1 and select Edit.
Double-click the 40 dimension, edit it to 55 and press ENTER.
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Click Regenerate Model

to update the geometry.
Click Analysis > Delete All > Delete All.
In the model tree, select Style 1, right-click, and select Hide.
3. Click Save
dialog box.
from the main toolbar and OK from the Save Object
4. Click Close Window

from the main toolbar at the top of the
interface to close the window containing COVER.PRT.
This completes the procedure.
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Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling

Concepts
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Module Overview
In this module, you learn basic concepts of the Style tool, features, and the
modeling environment. You also learn to work more efficiently within the
environment using shortcut menus and keyboard-mouse combinations.
Objectives
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You will learn to use the Active plane and 4-view layout, both concepts unique
to the style modeling environment. Finally, you learn about preferences that
you can set to customize the working environment.
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Understand the Style tool.
Understand style features.
Understand the Style modeling environment.
Use Style tool shortcut menus.
Use Style tool keyboard-mouse combinations.
Understand the active plane concept.
Understand and use the Style tool 4-view layout.
Understand available Style tool preferences.
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Module 2 | Page 1
Understanding the Style Tool

The Style tool enables you to interactively manipulate curves
and surfaces to easily create freeform design models.
The Style Tool
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Dynamically interactive
Flexibility for changes
Conceptual designs
Flashlight Concept 3
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The Style Tool Theory
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The Style tool provides a feature set that enables you to interactively and
intuitively manipulate curves and surfaces to easily visualize and create
freeform design models.
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You can drag and manipulate curves while the surfaces update dynamically.
Freeform models provide flexibility for design changes or to explore
alternate variations of a design.
You can use concept images or mockup data to create freeform conceptual
design models.
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Understanding Style Features

Use the Style tool to create style features that define your design.
Create Style Curve Features
Shape visually.
Manipulate interactively.
Boundaries, sections, and trajectories.
Use for style or parametric features.
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Create Style Surface Features
Shape Visually
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Use style curves or other curves/edges.
Style Surfaces
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Style Curves
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Understanding Style Features Theory

The Style tool enables you to create style features in a special modeling
environment within Pro/ENGINEER. The environment has specific drop-down
and pop-up menus, as well as Style-specific toolbar icons.
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Style is a spline-based freeform modeler that enables you to create freeform

2-D and 3-D curve features as well as freeform surface features.
Create Style Curve Features
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Within the Style tool you can create style curves that you can use to:
Shape the model visually.

Manipulate interactively to make changes to the model.
Define boundaries, sections, or trajectories.
Create references for other style or parametric features.
Create Style Surface Features

Within the Style tool you can also create style surfaces by referencing style
curves, model edges, or parametric datum curves.
Note that a style feature may consist of any number of curve and
surface features.
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Module 2 | Page 3
Understanding the Style Modeling Environment

Pro/ENGINEER provides a special modeling environment for
creating style features.
Modeling Interface
Styling menu
Toolbars
Shortcut menus
Shortcut keys
Style tree
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Views and Orientation
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View layouts
Active plane
View orientations
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Style Environment
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Style Modeling Environment - Overview

When you create a style feature, Pro/ENGINEER provides a special modeling
environment, including:
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The styling menu in the main menu.

Style-specific right-click shortcut menus.
Style-specific keyboard combinations.
Style and surface analysis toolbars.
Style preferences.
Style tree.
Style also activates menu options within the standard drop-down menus
that are not accessible while creating other features.
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Views and Orientation

The style modeling environment also provides options for views and
orientations of the model:
You can toggle between a single view layout and a 4-view layout to create
and manipulate style curves and surfaces.
You can define an active plane for creating style curves.
You can edit style curves by orienting the model to the active plane
orientation or any of the saved view orientations.
The figure on the slide highlights style-specific menus and toolbars.
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Using Style Tool Shortcut Menus
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There are several context-sensitive shortcut menus available

within the Style tool.
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Style Tool Shortcut Menus Theory

Shortcut menus within the Style tool are context sensitive. While performing
a task, right-click to access the appropriate menus.
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Shortcut Menus
The images above are provided for reference. There are difference
context-sensitive options, depending on the task at hand:
Generic shortcut menu.
Shortcut menu when manipulating curve tangents.
Shortcut menu when manipulating soft points.
Shortcut menu when manipulating hard points.
Shortcut menu when manipulating curves
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Module 2 | Page 5
Using Style Tool Key Combinations

There are several keyboard-mouse combinations available
Selections
Curve Create/Edit
Double-click: Edit Definition

CTRL + ALT: Lock horizontal or
vertical drag.
CTRL: Copy and move by
dragging.
CTRL + SHIFT: Move by dragging.
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CTRL: Add curves to selection.

SHIFT: Add curve to chain.
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Surface Create/Edit
SHIFT: Snap to geometry.

ALT: Move normal.
SHIFT + ALT: Extend point.
CTRL + ALT: Lock horizontal
and vertical drag.
ALT: Drag tangent length.
CTRL + ALT: Drag tangent
angle.
Style Tool Key Combinations Theory
Selections
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Pro/ENGINEER uses several keyboard-mouse combinations within its

workflow, for example, click to select, middle-click to accept or complete,
right-click for shortcut menus. Above, you will see additional keyboard-mouse
combinations that you can use when creating or editing a style feature.
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Double-click When editing the definition of a style feature, double-clicking

a curve or surface in the feature will enable you to edit its definition.
The alternative method is to select the entity, right-click, and select Edit
Definition from the shortcut menu.
CTRL + ALT When dragging geometry, during a move or copy operation,
this keyboard combination locks drag movement to be in either a horizontal
or vertical direction.
CTRL Select a curve to copy and move by dragging.
CTRL + SHIFT Select a curve to move by dragging, without copying.
Surface Create/Edit
CTRL Press CTRL to select multiple curves as surface references.
SHIFT Press SHIFT to add a curve to a chain of curves defining a surface.
Curve Create/Edit
SHIFT Snap to existing geometry. When you press the SHIFT key and
click, the cursor is followed by a snap cursor when creating or moving a
curve point. If you do not press the SHIFT key, snapping is disabled.
ALT When you press the ALT key, a curve point can only be dragged in a
direction normal to the active plane.
SHIFT + ALT You can add points to extend a curve by pressing SHIFT +
ALT and clicking at either end of the curve.
Module 2 | Page 6
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CTRL + ALT This keyboard combination locks the drag movement of

curve points to be in either a horizontal or vertical direction.
ALT With the tangent vector visible, press ALT to drag and change only
the tangent length.
CTRL + ALT With the tangent vector visible, press CTRL + ALT to drag
and change only the tangent angle.
2008 PTC
Module 2 | Page 7
Understanding Active Planes

Points on a style curve are projected onto the active plane.
The Active Style Plane
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Default active plane

Setting active plane
Internal active plane
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Default Active Plane
Set Active Plane
Internal Active Plane
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Active Style Plane Theory
When you define style curves, the points are projected onto the current
datum plane, known as the active plane.
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By default, the Style tool assigns datum plane TOP as the active plane.
Setting the Active Style Plane

Any datum plane or planar surface can be set as the active plane.
The active plane is displayed with a grid.

Style enables you to assign different active planes while creating or editing
curves, and without exiting the Curve dialog box.
Internal Active Planes

You can also create an internal datum plane in the Style tool that is
automatically assigned as the active plane for the current style feature.
Module 2 | Page 8
2008 PTC
Understanding the Style Tool 4-View Layout

In the Style tool, you can display a model in a single or 4-view
layout.
4-View Layout
Resize
Switching
Style Orientations
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Active Plane
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Zooming
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4-View Layout
The 4-View Layout
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You can use a multi-pane view or a 4-view layout to create and edit the
style geometry.
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In a 4-view layout, the system displays the top view in the upper-left window,
the front view in the lower-left window, and the right side view in the
lower-right window. The default view is displayed in the upper-right window.
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The 4-view layout displays four orthographic windows.

The 4-view layout is particularly useful in creating and manipulating 3-D
curves.
Resizing the 4-View Layout
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You can drag the sidebars or the central intersection of the four windows
to resize them.
To restore the default layout, you double-click the central intersection.
Switching Between the Layouts and Views

You can click View > Show All Views to toggle between the single and
4-view layouts.
Alternatively, you can right-click and select Show All Views or click the
Toggle Views
icon from the main toolbar.
In a single view layout, you can click View > Show Next View to toggle
between the default, top, front, and side views.
Style View Orientations

In a single view layout or 4-view layout, you can you can orient the model
using the following options:
Default orientation.
2008 PTC
Module 2 | Page 9
Active plane orientation.

Saved 3-D views.
Auto-generated 3-D orientation.
Using Active Plane Orientation
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To edit curves on a specific plane, you can set the active plane by
right-clicking and selecting Active Plane Orientation. The system then
sets the active plane parallel to the screen.
In a 4-view layout, you need to position the cursor over the desired view
window, then right-click and select Active Plane Orientation.
The active plane orientation is particularly useful in manipulating curves
and points that have been aligned to a plane other than the default plane.
Zooming, Panning, or Rotating the Views in a 4-view Layout
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In a 4-view layout, you position the cursor over the chosen window and use
the standard zoom, pan, or rotate commands.
To reset a view in a 4-view layout, you position the cursor over the desired
view window, right-click, and select Default Orientation or Active Plane
Orientation.
Module 2 | Page 10
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Understanding the Style Tool 4-View

Layout
Scenario
Manipulate model views using the Style tools 4-view layout.
4view_flash.prt
4-View
Task 1:
Start the Style tool and start the 4-view layout.
to start the 4-view
2. In the main toolbar, click Show All Views

layout.
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1. In the model tree, select Style 2, right-click and select Edit Definition.
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3. Click and drag the horizontal and vertical sashes to resize the
windows.
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4. Click and drag the intersection of the sashes to resize all four
windows.
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5. Double-click the intersection of the sashes to reset the 4-view window

sizes.
Toggle between 4-view and single view layouts.
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Task 2:
1. Click Show All Views
to toggle to the single view layout.
2. Click View > Show Next View to show the right side view.
3. Click View > Show Next View three more times to toggle through the
front and top views before returning to the default view.
to toggle to the 4view layout.
5. Right-click in the lower-left

window and select Show All
Views.
Notice that the front view is
now displayed in the single
window.
2008 PTC
Module 2 | Page 11
6. Right-click View > Show All Views to toggle to the 4-view layout.
7. With your cursor in the upper-left window, middle-click and drag to
spin the model.
8. Right-click in the same window and select Default Orientation.
9. Click in the upper-right window.
10. Click Named View List
and select Back.
11. Right-click in the same window and select Default Orientation.
to leave the Style tool.
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12. Click Done
Use the Active Plane Orientation.
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Task 3:
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Notice that the window returns to a single view because you

have left the Style tool.
1. In the model tree, select Style 1, right-click and select Edit Definition.
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Notice the window returns to a 4-view layout because that is the

layout you were in when you were last in the Style tool.
to toggle to the single view layout.
3. In the Style tool, select the curve

CF-0, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
4. Right-click, and select Active

Plane Orientation.
5. Click Done
to close the Style tool.
6. Click File > Erase > Current and then click Yes from the Erase
Confirm dialog box.
Module 2 | Page 12
2008 PTC
Understanding Style Preferences

Preferences for display, curvature plots, and surface mesh can
be defined in the Styling Preferences dialog box.
Styling Preferences:
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Surface
Display
Auto Regenerate
Grid
Surface Mesh
Quality
Styling Preferences
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Setting Style Preferences
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You can define preferences for display, curvature plots, and surface mesh
using the Style tool. Click Styling > Preferences to open the Styling
Preferences dialog box.
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Surface Use the Default Connections option to enable or disable surface

connection. When enabled, connections are established automatically
when you create surfaces. Note, a connection may not always be possible.
Display - Use the Grid option to display the grid for ease of modeling.
Auto Regenerate
Curves When enabled, the child curves are automatically regenerated.
Surface When enabled, the child surfaces are automatically
regenerated.
Shaded Surface When enabled, the child surfaces are automatically
regenerated during modification of a parent if the display mode is
wireframe or shaded.
Grid - Use the Spacing option to edit the spacing of the grid.
Surface Mesh
On Displays the surface mesh.
Off Disables display of the surface mesh.
Off When Shaded Displays the surface mesh except when the model
is shaded.
Quality Increases or decreases the number of mesh lines displayed in
both directions.
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Module 2 | Page 13
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Creating Initial Freeform Curves
3
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Module
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Module Overview
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In this module, you learn basic concepts of creating and editing style
points and curves. You also learn how to analyze the curves you create
for curvature.
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Finally, you learn to reference images, imported data, and design models
when creating freeform curves.
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Objectives
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Understand style curves.
Create style curves.
Create style curves that are splines, circles, and arcs.
Understand the creation of datum features within a style feature.
Manipulate style point locations.
Edit endpoint tangency conditions.
Edit curves by splitting, combining, and extending.
Copy and move curves.
Offset curves.
Modify curves in the 4-view layout.
Analyze curves.
Reference images in a design.
Use imported 3-D data in a design.
Use references from design models.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 1
Understanding Style Curves

You can use freeform style curves to create both parametric
and style features.
Uses of Style Curves
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Freeform Surface Boundaries

Parametric Feature References
Sections and Trajectories
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Surface Boundaries
Trajectory
Section Reference
Understanding Style Curves - Theory
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You use style curves to interactively and visually define the freeform shape of
a curve.
Uses of Style Curves
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You can use completed style curves for the following:

As boundaries for freeform style surfaces such as loft and blended surfaces.
As references for the creation of parametric features.
As sections and trajectories for parametric features such as the sweep,
swept blend, and variable section sweep.
Module 3 | Page 2
2008 PTC
Introduction to Creating Style Curves

Style curves are splines that are interactively drawn and shaped
Style Curves
Internal Points
Tangent Control at Endpoints
Defining Shape
Free
Planar
Curve on a Surface (COS)
Curve from a Surface
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Three Internal Points
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Style Curve Types
Endpoints with Tangent Control
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Planar Style Curve
Creating Style Curves - Theory
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In freeform surfacing, creating good curves is necessary when you create a

feature with high-quality surfaces, because all surfaces are defined directly
from curves.
Style curves are splines drawn through two or more points. A set of internal
points and endpoints define the curve.
You can use the Style tool to create 2-D or 3-D unconstrained curves, or
to create constrained curves by snapping to other features such as points,
edges, and other curves.
Defining a Curves Shape

You can place points that define a curves shape by interactively clicking
in the Graphics window to specify point locations. When you are finished
placing the points, middle-click to complete the placement.
You can define points lying free in space (free) or constrained to specific
planes (planar) when creating style curves.
The shape of the curve is further refined by editing point locations and
endpoint tangent conditions.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 3
Style Curve Types

Free - A free curve lies in the 2-D or 3-D space.
Two-dimensional Free Curves You can create a free 2-D curve by

selecting points on an active plane in a single view layout.
Three-dimensional Free Curves You can create 3-D curves by:
Defining a 2-D curve and then modifying the points in 3-D space.
Defining 3-D curves by selecting the points in a minimum of two windows
in a 4-view layout.
Snapping to 3-D geometry and then unlinking the points.
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Planar - You use the Planar option in the Curve dashboard to create a planar
curve. The planar curve is attached to the active plane and all points are
placed on that plane.
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Offsetting an Active Plane While creating a planar curve, you can offset
the active plane by entering the offset value in the dashboard.
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You can convert planar curves to free curves and visa versa, using
Edit Definition.
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Curve on a Surface (COS) You can create a COS curve by manually

specifying the points through which you want the curve to pass on a surface,
projecting a curve onto a surface.
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Curve from Surface You can create a free or COS curve by offsetting
an existing curve along a surface.
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The 4-view layout is very useful when creating 3-D curves. It

enables you to drag and manipulate a curve in any of the views, and
the curve updates dynamically in the other view windows.
Module 3 | Page 4
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PROCEDURE - Introduction to Creating Style Curves

Scenario
Create simple 2-D and 3-D style curves.
intro_curve.prt
Intro_Curve
Task 1:
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1. Start the Style Tool
Create a free curve.
Notice that the active plane is now visible on the TOP datum
plane, identified by the brown grid.
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3. Right-click and select Curve.

Click Free in the dashboard if
necessary.
Working left to right, from the
center of the model, select
locations for four points, as
shown.
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2. Right-click and select Active Plane Orientation.
4. With the curve still selected, right-click and select Edit Definition.
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5. Spin the model and notice that the four points and resulting curve
were placed on the active plane.
and select Front.
7. Select the point shown and drag it upward, off of the active plane.
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8. Spin the model to notice that the free curve you initially created in 2-D
curve is now a 3-D curve.
Note the gray ghost curve visible when spinning the model is the
shape of the original curve prior to your edits. This ghost display
will be removed when the curve is completed or by clearing the
Show Original check box in the dashboard.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 5
Task 2:
Edit the curve to be planar and then change its shape.
1. In the dashboard, click Planar.

2. In the model tree, select datum plane TOP.
and select Front.
4. Select the same point and attempt to drag it upward, off of the active
plane.
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Because the curve is now a planar curve, the points cannot be

moved off of the TOP datum plane, only within it.
5. Right-click and select Default

Orientation.
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8. Select and move the points, as

shown.
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disable their display.
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6. Right-click and select Active

Plane Orientation.
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9. Select the left endpoint, then

drag the length and angle of the
tangent handle.
10. Click Complete Feature
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11. Click Done
Module 3 | Page 6
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Creating Style Curves as Circles or Arcs

Create circle and arc geometry within the Style tool.
Shapes
Circles
Arcs
Options
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Free/Planar
Radius value
Resulting Curve
Sketched Circle and Resulting Spline
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Spline Curve
Edit the Curve
Circle to Create Recess
Sketched Arc and Resulting Spline
Creating Style Curves as Circles or Arcs Theory
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Besides using the versatile spline shape for style curves, it is often desirable
to create exact arc or circle geometry without having to exit the Style tool.
Options
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You can create arc and circle geometry within the Style tool. You can create
arcs and circles as either free or planar curves. You can also specify the
radius value as well as the angles of the endpoints for arcs. In addition, you
can snap the centers or endpoints to existing geometry.
Resulting Curve
The resulting curve is created as a spline curve. It matches the exact circle
or arc shape, and you can manipulate it using the Edit Curve tools like any
other style curve.
In the image shown, circular curves are used to create a recess for buttons
on the display cover model.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 7
PROCEDURE - Creating Style Curves as Circles or Arcs

Scenario
Create style curves using the Circle and Arc tools.
Circ_Arc
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2. Click Create Circles

from
the curve flyout in the style
toolbar.
Right-click and select Active
Plane Orientation.
Click Planar in the dashboard
if necessary.
Select the References tab
and if necessary, edit the
Offset value to 0.
Click to place the circle at the
center of the active plane.
Edit the radius to 200.
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Create two style curves using the Circle tool.
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Task 1:
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3. Click Create Circles

.
Select the References tab
and edit the Offset value to
160.
Click to place the circle at the
center of the active plane.
Right-click and select Default
Orientation.
Task 2:
Add an arc to the style feature.
1. Right-click and select Set Active Plane.

2. Select datum plane FRONT from the model tree.
Module 3 | Page 8
2008 PTC
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3. Click Arc
Right-click and select Active Plane Orientation.
Click Planar in the dashboard if necessary.
Select the References tab and if necessary, edit the offset value
to 0.
Click to place the arc center, as shown.
Edit the start angle to 126.
Edit the end angle to 180, if necessary.
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Orientation.
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5. With the curve still selected,

right-click and select Edit
Definition.
Press SHIFT, select the
bottom endpoint, and drag to
snap to the lower circle curve.
Press SHIFT, select the top
endpoint, and drag to snap to
the upper circle curve.
6. Click Done
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 9
Understanding Datum Features within Style

You can create datum planes internal or external to the style
feature.
Datum Features
Axes
Points
Curves
Planes
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Internal Datum Planes

Internal to the style feature.
Visible only in the style feature.
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Creating Internal Datum Planes
Style Feature Closed
While Editing Style Feature
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Understanding Datum Features within Style Theory

You create datum planes from within the Style tool that are either internal or
external to the style feature being created. However, you create datum axes,
points, and curves external to the style feature.
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Creating Datum Features
The Style tool enables you to create any type of datum feature, such
as axes, points, curves, and datum planes. Once created, these datum
features appear before the current style feature in the model tree and can
be referenced by the style feature. You can edit these features outside
of the Style tool.
Creating Internal Datum Planes

You use the Internal Plane
option within the Style tool to create datum
features internal to the style feature. This is useful for planes that are only
used in the context of a particular style feature. All standard creation options
are available, and you can view and edit the datum plane when editing the
parent style feature.
Module 3 | Page 10
2008 PTC
Creating Style Points

You can use several point types and attachment methods to
control style curves.
Point Types
Free Points
Constrained Points
Attaching Points
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Use SHIFT
Use Snap
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Fixed Endpoints and Free Mid-Point
Fixed on Vertex, Soft on Edge
Soft Endpoints and Free Mid-Point
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Creating Style Points Overview

To create a spline-type curve, you need to define at least two style points.
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Every point on a curve has a position, tangent, and curvature.

The tangents of the internal points of the curve are created and maintained
by Pro/ENGINEER; you cannot change them.
You can change the direction and magnitude of an endpoints tangent. By
selecting an endpoint, you can view the tangent vector located at that point.
Point Types
There are two general types of style points, free and constrained.
Free Point - A point lying in space that is not connected to any other entity.
Constrained Points:
Soft Point- You attach a style curve to style curves, datum curves, solid
and surface edges, surfaces, and datum planes by snapping a point to
these entities. This creates a soft point. Soft points attached to different
entities are represented differently. A hollow circle represents a soft
point attached to a curve or an edge, and a hollow square represents a
soft point attached to a surface or datum plane.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 11
Fixed Point - When you create a point by snapping it onto an existing

datum point, vertex, or datum plane, style creates a fixed point. A
fixed point appears as an X. You cannot drag a fixed point because it
references a defined datum point or vertex. To snap an endpoint to a
vertex, right-click the endpoint and select Lock to Point.
Attaching Points
You can attach points to existing model geometry using one of two methods:
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Pressing SHIFT and dragging the point to the entity on which you want to
attach the point.
Activating the Snap option from the Styling menu and then dragging the
point to the entity on which you want to attach the point.
Module 3 | Page 12
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PROCEDURE - Creating Style Points

Scenario
Create free and planar curves by attaching style points to existing curves.
style_pnts.prt
Style_Pnts
Task 1:
Create a free curve by attaching soft endpoints to existing curves.
1. Select Style 1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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Click Free from the dashboard,
if necessary.
Press SHIFT to snap the start
point to the closest curve.
Select a point location
approximately in the center of
the model, as shown.
Press SHIFT to snap the end
point to the far curve.
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2. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and then select RIGHT.
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Notice the circles at each end of the curve, signifying the soft
point attachment to the curves.
4. Right-click and select Edit
Definition.
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5. Select and drag each endpoint

along the curve it is attached to.
to see
the curve is now a 3-D curve.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 13
Task 2:
Edit the curve to be planar and observe the fixed endpoints.
1. In the dashboard, click Planar,

then select datum plane RIGHT.
then
right-click and select Active
Plane Orientation.
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The X symbol now at each end of the curve signifies that the
points are now fixed points. They are located at the intersection
of the curves and datum plane RIGHT.
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Click Free from the dashboard,
if necessary.
Orientation.
point to the end of the curve,
as shown.
Press SHIFT to snap the end
point to the middle of the far
curve.
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Create a curve with fixed and soft endpoints, then add a mid-point.
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Task 3:

Definition.
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3. Select the endpoint closest to

you, right-click, and select Lock
to Point.
4. Right-click the curve and select
Add Midpoint.
5. Click and drag the far endpoint

along the curve.
7. In the lower-right view, select the

middle point and drag it upward.
Module 3 | Page 14
2008 PTC

10. Click Done
11. Right-click and select Default Orientation.
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Module 3 | Page 15
Manipulating Style Point Locations

Manipulate the location of a curves style points using a number
of methods.
Manipulating Point Locations
Dragging Points
Numerically
Constraining Movement
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Show Original Option
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Dragging Control Points
Dragging Multiple Points
Dragging a Single Point
Manipulating Style Point Locations - Theory
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To modify the shape of a curve, you can manipulate the location of the style
points defining it.
Dragging Points
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You can use the following options to drag the points.

Default Dragging curve points enables you to modify the curve shape.
Control points Dragging control points enables you to modify the curve
shape.
Multiple points You can select many points on a single curve or multiple
curves to modify their location.
Controlling Numerically
You can change the location of a free point by changing the coordinates.
However, you cannot numerically modify the location of a soft point or a fixed
point.
Constraining Movement
By default, unattached points move freely. You can constrain the movement
using the Free (Default), Horizontal/Vertical or Normal options.
Module 3 | Page 16
2008 PTC
Show Original Option

No matter which method you use to manipulate style points, Pro/ENGINEER
displays a ghost image of the original curve, prior to movement of any points.
When the curve feature is completed, the ghost image is automatically
removed. This tool enables you to easily compare the original curve shape to
the new shape created by the manipulation of points.
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You can toggle the ghosting behavior on and off by selecting or clearing the
Show Original option in the feature dashboard.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 17
PROCEDURE - Manipulating Style Point Locations

Scenario
Edit the shape of a design by manipulating the location of style points.
man_pnts.prt
Man_Pnts
Task 1:
Numerically manipulate point locations.
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2. In the style tree, select curve

CF-26, right-click, and select
Edit Definition.
select Add Point.
With the new point still
selected, select the Point tab.
Edit the Y coordinate value to
0 and press ENTER.
Edit the Z coordinate value to
125 and press ENTER.
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3. With the Point tab still open,

select the top endpoint in the
curve.
Edit the Soft Point, Offset from
Plane value to 175 and press
ENTER.
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4. Select the bottom endpoint in

the curve.
Edit the Soft Point, Offset
from Plane value to 175 and
press ENTER.
Module 3 | Page 18
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Drag multiple points and then control points.
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1. In the Style tree, select curve

Edit Definition.
Plane Orientation.
three points in the middle of
Press CTRL + ALT and drag
the three points to the right, as
shown.
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Pressing CTRL + ALT when dragging points locks their

movement in either the vertical or horizontal directions.
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2. In the dashboard, click Control

Points.
Drag the control points to
shape the top and bottom of
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Orientation.
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You can also numerically

control the location of
control points.
Task 3:
Add and manipulate a midpoint.
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Edit Definition.
With the new point still
selected, select the Point tab.
Drag the point into a position,
as shown.
Edit the X coordinate value to
Edit the Y coordinate value to
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 19
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Edit Definition.
Drag the point into an
approximate position, as
shown.
Click Done
.
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Module 3 | Page 20
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Editing Endpoint Tangency

The length and direction of endpoint tangency influences the
curves shape.
Editing Tangents
Direct Manipulation
Constraining Tangents
Natural
Free
Fix Angle
Horizontal
Vertical
Normal
Align
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Tangent Handle with Default Tangency
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Drag Tangent Handle to Edit Tangency
Editing Endpoint Tangency Theory
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To change the shape of a curve, you can manipulate the length and direction
of an endpoints tangency by dragging and rotating the tangent handle or
modifying the numerical values.
Constraining Tangents
You can constrain the free endpoint tangents using the following options:
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Natural System-defined length and angle of the tangent.

Free User-specified length and angle of the tangent.
Fix Angle Determines the current direction, but you are able to change
the length by dragging.
Horizontal Sets the current direction to horizontal, relative to the grid
of the active datum plane.
Vertical Sets the current direction to vertical, relative to the grid of the
active datum plane.
Normal Sets the current direction to be perpendicular to a reference
datum plane.
Align Sets the current direction to a reference location on a selected
curve.
Symmetric Sets the tangents of two adjoining curves to be the average
of the tangents at the end points.
Soft Point Connections

While constraining the tangents of a soft point, you can access the following
additional options to connect curves to other curves or surfaces:
Tangent/Curvature
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Module 3 | Page 21
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Surface Tangent/Surface Curvature

Disconnect
Draft Tangent
Module 3 | Page 22
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PROCEDURE - Editing Endpoint Tangency

Scenario
Edit the shape of two point curves using only tangency.
edit_tan.prt
Edit_Tan
Task 1:
Edit the tangency at the endpoints of a curve.
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Edit Definition.
Click each endpoint and
drag the tangent handles, as
shown.
Plane Orientation.
1. Select Style 1, right-click, and

select Edit Definition.
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3. Select the lower endpoint.

datum plane TOP as the Draft
Tangent reference.
Click Tangent from the
dashboard.
Edit the Draft value to - 5.
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4. With the Tangent tab still open,

select the upper endpoint.
datum plane TOP as the Draft
Tangent reference.
Edit the Draft value to 5.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 23
Task 2:
Add normal and horizontal tangency to the endpoints of a curve.

Orientation.
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Add normal tangency to both endpoints of a curve.
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Task 3:
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3. Select the endpoint on the left.

and select Horizontal.
Select the Tangent tab, if
necessary.
Edit the Length value to 20.

Edit Definition.
Select the endpoint on the
right.
Right-click the tangent
handle, select Normal, and
select RIGHT as the normal
reference.
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Edit Definition.
Plane Orientation.
Click the endpoint on the left.
Right-click the tangent handle,
select Normal, and select Top
as the normal reference.
Module 3 | Page 24
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2. Select the endpoint on the right.

Right-click the tangent handle,
select Normal, and select Top
as the normal reference.
Select the Tangent tab, if
necessary.
Edit the Length value to 50.
Orientation.
Click Done
.
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Module 3 | Page 25
Editing Soft Points

When you edit the location of a soft point, it will move along the
entity to which it is attached.
Locating Soft Points
Length
Length Ratio
Parameter
Offset From Plane
Lock to Point
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Editing Location by Length

or Length Ratio
Soft Point Located by Offset

From Plane
Soft Point Moves as Reference

Plane Moves
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Editing Soft Points Theory
When you move a soft point, it moves along the entity to which it is attached.
You can slide a soft point along its reference geometry during curve edits.
When you move a soft endpoint that has the tangency condition set, it does
not change the condition even if the location is changed.
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Locating Soft Points

The location of the soft point changes when you edit the parent entity. By
default, this is controlled by the property parameter, which maintains the
position of the point by keeping its parameter along the curve constant.
You may control the location of a soft point using the following options:
Length Location is determined from the beginning of the referenced

curve to the point.
Length Ratio Location is determined using a ratio of the distance of the
point from the beginning of the curve to the total length of the curve. For
example, a ratio of 0.25 is 25% along the length of curve.
Parameter Maintains the position of the point by keeping a consistent
parameter along the curve.
Offset From Plane Determines the position of the point by intersecting
the parent curve with a plane at a given offset from a datum plane.
Module 3 | Page 26
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Lock to Point Applies only if the current position of the soft point lies on a
defining point of the reference curve (typically an endpoint), and maintains
the reference to that particular point of the reference curve.
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Module 3 | Page 27
PROCEDURE - Editing Soft Points

Scenario
Use various options to locate soft points along a curve.
edit_soft.prt
Edit_Soft
Task 1:
Edit the location of endpoints using the Length Ratio option.
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CF-9, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
Select the endpoint closest to
you.
Select the Point tab.
Edit the Soft Point, Length
Ratio to 1.
Select the endpoint farthest
from you.
Edit the Soft Point, Length
Ratio to .6 and press ENTER.
Task 2:
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Notice the circle symbol, denoting that it is a soft endpoint.
Edit the location of an endpoint using the Length option.
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1. With the far point still selected,

select Length from the Type
drop-down list.
2. Edit the Soft Point, Length value
to 100 and press ENTER.
Notice the value 80.530185 is placed in the value field, this is the
full length of the curve. A length of 100 is not possible because the
curve is only 80.530185 mm long.
Module 3 | Page 28
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Task 3:
Edit the location of an endpoint using the Length option.
1. Select the closest point and

select Offset from Plane from
the Type drop-down list.
2. In the model tree, select RIGHT
as the offset reference.
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3. Edit the Soft Point, Offset from

Plane value to 25 and press
ENTER.
Task 4:
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1. Select farthest point and edit the

Soft Point, Length value to 75
and press ENTER.
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Edit the location of an endpoint using the Lock to Point option.
2. Right-click that same point and

select Lock to Point.
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Notice that the soft endpoint

locks to the nearest vertex.
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4. Click Done
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2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 29
Editing Curves
Edit curves by moving, adding, or removing the style points that
define them or, by splitting, combining, or extending the curve.
Moving Points
Adding and Deleting Points
Splitting and Combining Curves
Extending Curves
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Free
Tangent
Curvature
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Curve Split and Point Added
Split and Extended Free
Point Added
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Editing Curves - Theory
One method for editing a curve is to edit the style points that define that
curve. You can move, add, or remove style points to change the curves
definition. You can also edit the curve itself, by splitting it, combining it with
another curve, or extending its length at the ends.
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Adding and Deleting Points
To define the shape of a desired curve, you may need to add or delete points.
Adding Points Select a curve and then click the location where you
want to add a point.
Adding Midpoints Use the Midpoint option.
Deleting a Point Select a curve and then click the point you want to
delete.
Splitting and Combining Curves

To split a curve, click the location on the curve where it is to be split, right-click,
and select Split. The split operation divides the curve into two segments that
are attached with a soft point. However, there is no connection between the
curves. The resulting curves change shape as they refit to the new defining
points. You can also combine the two curves. To combine curves, one of the
Module 3 | Page 30
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curves must have a soft point at the endpoint. The resulting curve readjusts
its shape to fit the new definition and maintain smoothness.
Extending Curves
You can extend a curve using the following options.
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Free Press SHIFT + ALT and click anywhere on the screen to add a new
point. The curve shape is changed to accommodate the new point.
Tangent Press SHIFT + ALT and drag the endpoint. For tangent curves,
the curve extends along the original tangent direction.
Curvature Press SHIFT + ALT and drag the endpoint. For curvature
continuous curves, the curve extends while maintaining curvature
continuity.
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Module 3 | Page 31
PROCEDURE - Editing Curves

Scenario
Use various options to edit existing curves.
edit_curve.prt
Edit_Curve
Task 1:
Combine two curves and delete a point.
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Edit Definition.
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3. Right-click the point shown and

select Combine.
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4. Right-click the middle point

shown and select Delete.
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Notice the combined curve contains five points and has been
renamed to CF-96.
Task 2:
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Add a midpoint to a curve, split it, and drag the intersection.
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Edit Definition.
Add Midpoint.
3. Right-click the new point and

select Split.
Notice in the Style tree that curve CF-95 has been replaced with
CF-97 and CF-98.
Module 3 | Page 32
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Task 3:
4. Select the endpoint that you

used to split the curve.
Select the Point tab.
Edit the X coordinate value to
30 and press ENTER.
Edit the Z coordinate value to
Click the Tangent tab.
Edit the Angle value to 50 and
press ENTER.
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Edit Definition.
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Extend a curves using the free and tangent options.
2. Click the right most endpoint of

the curve.
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3. Press SHIFT + ALT and click

just to the right of the endpoint,
as shown.
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Notice that the old endpoint changes to an internal point while

a new endpoint is created where you clicked in the Graphics
window. This is a Free extension.
4. Click the left most endpoint of

the curve.
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5. Press SHIFT + ALT and drag the

endpoint as shown.
7. Click Done
Notice that the endpoint moves along with the curve attached
to it, leaving an internal point at the old endpoint location. This
is a Tangent extension.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 33
Copying and Moving Curves

Translate, rotate, and scale curves using the Copy and Move
tools.
Marquee
Rotation Jack
Copy and Move Curves
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Translate
Rotate
Scale
Scale by Dragging the Marquee
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Moving a 3-D Curve
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Translate by Dragging the Marquee
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Copying and Moving Curves Theory
Unlink
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Use the Move and Copy tools to manipulate curves. You start the tools by
clicking Edit > Copy and Edit > Move. Both tools utilize a marquee box that
controls the translation, rotation, and scale of the moved or copied curves.
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The cleared Unlink check box ensures that all references to the original
curve are maintained in the new curve. For example, if an endpoint has
a normal tangent condition in the original curve, that condition will also be
maintained in the new curve. If required, select the Unlink check box to
remove any references from the original curve.
Marquee and Rotation Jack

The marquee and rotation jack are used to define direction and location
during copy and move operations.
Marquee The handles and frame surrounding the geometry being copied
or moved. Dragging these handles will translate and scale the geometry.
Jack This entity looks similar to a coordinate system and defines the
center of rotation used when rotating geometry during copy and move
operations.
Translation Operation
Drag selected style geometry anywhere in the Graphics window while
copying or moving it. In the dashboard, select one of the following to specify
the direction constraint while translating the geometry:
Module 3 | Page 34
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Free Geometry moves freely. This is the default translation constraint.

Normal Geometry moves along the normal of the active datum plane.
Alternatively, you can press the ALT key while dragging the geometry to
make it move along the normal of the active datum plane.
Horizontal / Vertical Geometry moves parallel to the active datum plane
either along the horizontal direction or along the vertical direction only.
Alternatively, press the CTRL + ALT keys while dragging the geometry to
make it move parallel to the active datum plane along either the horizontal
or vertical direction.
Scale Operation
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Use the handles on the marquee to scale the geometry while copying or
moving it.
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Drag to Scale Drag any corner, edge handle, or edge arrow on the
marquee to scale the geometry.
Scale by Value In the Options tab, specify X, Y, and Z values for scaling
geometry.
Scale Types In the dashboard, select one of the following to specify
the Scale type.
Center Scales uniformly around the center of the marquee.
Alternatively, you can press the SHIFT + ALT keys while dragging the
marquee to scale the geometry uniformly around the center axis.
Opposite Scales geometry uniformly in the opposite direction of the
selected corner, edge, or face.
Rotation Operation
Use the rotation jack to rotate the geometry while copying or moving it.
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Drag Rotation Drag the handles on the ends of the jack to rotate the
geometry about the center of the jack.
Rotation By Value In the Options tab, specify X, Y, and Z values for
rotating geometry about the center of the jack.
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Transformation Types
Select one of the following transformation types from the dashboard:
Selection Transforms the selected curves with the marquee.

Alternatively, you can right-click the rotation jack and select Transform
Selection. This is the default and most common type of transformation.
Marquee Transforms only the marquee and the rotation jack.
Alternatively, you can right-click the rotation jack and select Transform
Marquee. Because the rotation center is defined by the location of the
jack, you may be required to transform only the marquee, before rotating
geometry.
Note that planar curves can only be translated, scaled, and rotated
in two directions. COS type curves cannot be copied or moved.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 35
PROCEDURE - Copying and Moving Curves

Scenario
Use the Copy and Move tools to create new curves.
copy_move.prt
Copy_Move
Task 1:
Copy and scale a curve.

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CF-1357.
5. Release the wheel button when

complete.
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6. Click Undo
until the copy
returns to its original position.
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4. Click the Z-axis of the jack and

drag the curve in any direction
within the window.
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3. Click Edit > Copy.
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Notice that the copy does not move along the Z-axis as you may
have expected. This is because by default, the Unlink check
box is cleared, leaving the copy linked to the original curve.
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7. In the dashboard, select the Unlink check box.

8. In the Move drop-down list, select Normal.
9. Click Options to open the tab.
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10. Click the Z-axis of the jack and

drag the curve toward you, along
the Z-axis.
11. Notice that when you release the
mouse, the move value for Z, in
the Options tab, returns to zero.
12. Clear the Relative check box and drag along the Z-axis again.
13. Edit the Move value for Z to 275 and press ENTER.
Task 2:
Scale the copy.

2. In the model tree, select datum plane FRONT.
Module 3 | Page 36
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4. Click and drag the upper-right

marquee handle to scale the
copy.
5. Click Undo
until the copy
returns to its original position.
Notice that the curve was scaled with the lower-left corner
locked in position.
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8. If necessary, click Option to

open the Option tab.
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7. Click and drag the upper-right

copy, as shown.
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6. In the dashboard, select Center

from the Scale drop-down list.
9. Edit the move value for Y to 0

and press ENTER.
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Task 3:
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Scale the copied curve, using the Move tool.
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2. With the copied curve still selected, right-click and select Edit
Definition.
Notice that the copied curve is the same as a curve created
using the Curve tool.
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4. Click Edit > Move.
5. Select the copied curve as the curve to be moved, if necessary.

6. In the Move drop-down list, select H/V.
7. Click and drag the lower-left

curve horizontally, as shown.
9. Click Done
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Module 3 | Page 37
Offsetting Curves
Create style curves using the Curve Offset tool.
Offset Curve
Direction Reference
Normal
Value
Editing
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Curve Offset Normal to Plane
COS Offset on Surface Reference
Curve Offset Parallel to Plane
Offsetting Curves Theory
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You can use the Offset Curve tool to duplicate a curve by offsetting it a
distance from the original, existing curve within the Style tool. Click Styling >
Offset Curve from within the style feature to start the Offset Curve tool.
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Offset Direction
You can offset a curve normal or parallel to a reference. The reference used
varies depending on the type of curve being offset. By default, Normal is
cleared in the dashboard and curves are offset parallel to a reference. When
you click Normal, the curve will be offset normal to a reference.
Below is a list of the references used for each type of curve when creating
an offset curve:
Free The offset reference plane of a free curve is selected by
Pro/ENGINEER. You edit the direction reference by clicking the direction
collector and selecting a datum plane or planar surface.
Planar The offset reference of a planar curve cannot be edited. It is the
reference plane used to create the curve.
COS By default, you offset a COS curve a distance from the original
curve, on the surface referenced by the curve. Clicking Normal will offset
the curve normal to the reference surface of the COS curve.
Module 3 | Page 38
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Offset Value
Drag the handle displayed on the selected curve to change the offset distance
or double-click the display value for the offset and specify a new offset value.
Alternatively, specify a new offset value in the Offset box on the dashboard.
You select the Offset check box to export the offset value for modification
outside the Freeform Surfacing tool. You can then edit the dimension in the
standard Pro/ENGINEER environment.
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Some offset values can produce cusps or self-intersecting curves.

In this situation, the curve is automatically split into multiple curves
to retain the cusp point. This results in more than one offset curve
entity.
Editing Offset Curves
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You cannot edit the shape of an offset curve. You must convert an offset
curve to an independent curve before editing it. Use Edit > Convert to make
an offset curve independent of its parent curve.
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Module 3 | Page 39
PROCEDURE - Offsetting Curves

Scenario
Create new curves using the Offset Curve tool.
off_curve.prt
Off_Curve
Task 1:
Create an offset curve.

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OF-1393.
3. Click Styling > Offset Curve.
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4. Drag the offset handle to an

offset value of 10, if necessary.
By default, the offset distance is parallel to the TOP datum plane.
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5. In the dashboard, click Normal

to make the offset distance
normal to datum plane TOP.
6. Right-click, select Direction

Collector, and click datum plane
FRONT.
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The offset distance is now

normal to datum plane
FRONT.
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7. Clear the Normal check box.

The offset distance is now
parallel to datum plane
FRONT.
Task 2:
Convert the offset curve to a standard curve.
1. With the offset curve selected, right-click and select Edit Definition.
Notice that the shape of the curve cannot be edited, only the
offset values and references.
2. Click Cancel Feature
Module 3 | Page 40
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3. Select the offset curve and click

Edit > Convert.
4. Click Yes to confirm the
conversion.
Definition.
Task 3:
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Notice that the dashboard

and curve now appear as
a standard curve when
editing.
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1. In the style tree, select curve CF-1395.
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Offset a COS curve.
This curve was created using the COS option.
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2. Click Styling > Offset Curve.
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3. Drag the offset handle towards

you, to an offset value of 10.
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The curve is now offset

normal to the surface it was
created on.
4. Clear the Normal check box, if
necessary.
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The curve is now offset on

the surface it was created
on.

6. Click Done
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Module 3 | Page 41
Using the 4-View Layout to Modify Curves

You can use the 4-view layout to create and modify curves.
Using 4-View Layout
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Create 3-D curves.

Manipulate curves.
See edits in all views.
Editing in a 4-View Layout
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Using the 4-View Layout Theory
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You can use the 4-view layout option within the Style tool to create and
manipulate style curves and surfaces. When activated, the system creates
front, top, right, and 3-D views of the model. You can re-size each window
and then independently spin/pan/zoom in each window.
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When using the 4-view layout, changes made to style features in one window
display dynamically in the other three windows. This is particularly useful
for creating and manipulating curves in 3-D space, as you see their shape
change on three planes simultaneously.
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In this example, a spline style curve is being edited in 3-D space and you can
see it update simultaneously in all views.
Module 3 | Page 42
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PROCEDURE - Using the 4-View Layout to Modify

Curves
Scenario
Edit curves using the 4-view layout.
4-view.prt
4-View
Task 1:
Create an offset curve.
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2. In the style tree, select curve CF-1407, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
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4. In the lower-right view, drag the

tangent handles at each end of
the curve to adjust the shape, as
shown.
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Notice that with the 4-view layout, it is easy to see how edits
affect the design from every angle.
Edit Definition.
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7. In the upper-left view, drag the

three points to adjust the shape,
as shown.
The 4-view layout, it is especially useful when editing 3-D curves.
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Module 3 | Page 43

Edit Definition.
10. In the lower-right view, drag the
point shown to adjust the shape.
12. Click Done
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The 4-view layout is only

available when you use the
Style tool. As soon as you
click Done
to exit the
Style tool, the 4-view layout
is no longer available.
When you restart the Style
tool, the model will again
appear in the 4-View layout.
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Notice that the Style tool is still using the 4-view layout.

.
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15. Click Done
to disable the 4-view layout.
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Module 3 | Page 44
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Analyzing Curves
Analyze curves to ensure that your finished model meets the
styling requirements of your product.
Analyzing Curvature
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Curvature plots.
Using curvature plots:
Analyze shape.
Analyze quality.
Plot settings.
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Curvature Plot
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3-D Analysis in the 4-View Layout
Analyzing Curves Theory

You should analyze curves during the modeling process to ensure that
tangency and curvature requirements of your design are maintained.
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Curvature Plots
You can graphically plot the curvature of a curve. The curvature plot displays
normal vectors proportional to the curvature along the length of the curve.
Analysis of curves is important because a distorted curve, unless analyzed,
may appear clean and smooth. You use the curvature plot to:
Capture the intended shape of a curve.
Evaluate the curve quality. For a smooth curve, the curvature plot should
be smooth. It should be devoid of unwanted distortions. However, a corner
or crease in the curvature plot does not indicate a crease in the curve, but
displays a sharp change in the curvature.
Using 3-D Curvature Plots

You can use the curvature plot when editing the shape of curves. When
editing the shape of a 3-D curve, if you use the curvature plot in one view, you
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 45
may not receive an accurate assessment of the correct shape of the curve.
To manipulate the shape of a 3-D curve, you should use the 4-view layout.
Curvature Plots Settings

You can modify the display settings of the curvature plot using the following
options available in the Curvature dialog box:
Quality Modify the number of segments on the plot.

Scale Modify the relative scale of the plot.
Type Edit the type from Curvature (default) to display Radius or Tangent
analyses.
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Saved Analysis
Edit the definition of the curve you are analyzing.

from the dashboard.
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Click Pause Feature
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You save curvature analyses and reuse them at any point in time. Use the
following steps to save a curvature analysis:
Click Curvature
Select the curve you are currently editing.
Change the settings as required.
In the lower left of the Curvature dialog box, select Saved from the
drop-down list.
from the Curvature dialog box.
Click Accept
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Click Resume Feature
from the dashboard.
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You can hide, un-hide, and delete saved analyses from the Saved Analysis
dialog box, opened by clicking Analysis > Saved Analysis.
Alternatively, you can click Analysis > Hide All and Analysis > Delete All to
manage saved analyses in the model.
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Best Practices
You should analyze the curves and surfaces that define your model as they
are being created. This ensures that your finished model meets all of your
products styling requirements.
Module 3 | Page 46
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PROCEDURE - Analyzing Curves

Scenario
Analyze curves to ensure tangency and curvature requirements are met.
analyze.prt
Analyze
Task 1:
Apply a curvature analysis to a curve.
from the dashboard.
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3. Click Pause Feature
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Definition.
from the dashboard.
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5. Click Resume Feature
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4. Click Curvature
Select the curve you are currently editing.
In the Curvature dialog box, type 200 for the scale and press
ENTER.
In the lower left of the Curvature dialog box, select Saved from
the drop-down list.
Click Accept
.
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Note that if you create an analysis feature without pausing the

feature creation, the analysis dialog box does not open so you
are not able to adjust the analysis scale, quality, and so on.
You can however edit these options using the Saved Analysis
dialog box.
Task 2:
Apply a curvature analysis to a curve and edit that curve.
Definition.
2. Click Pause Feature
2008 PTC
from the dashboard.
Module 3 | Page 47
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from

the dashboard.
3. Click Curvature
from the
main toolbar.
Select the curve you are
currently editing.
In the Curvature dialog box,
ENTER.
Click Accept
from the
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Use the Saved Analysis dialog box to manage saved analyses.
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Task 3:
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Notice that both curvature

analysis features update as
the curve is being adjusted.
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5. Drag the inner points to shape

the curve approximately, as
shown.
1. Click Analysis > Saved Analysis.

2. In the dialog box, click Hide Analysis
the list.
to Hide the first analysis in
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3. Select the second analysis in the list and then click Delete Analysis
to remove it.
4. Close the Saved Analysis dialog box.
5. Click Done
Module 3 | Page 48
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Using Imported Images

You can insert an image into your model and create style curves,
using the image as a visual reference.
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Apply the image to a plane.

Fit the image to your model.
Position the image in your model.
Manipulate the image visually.
Use the image as a visual reference when creating curves.
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Using an imported image:
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Position and Fit the Image
Use Image as a Visual Reference
Using Imported Images Theory
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In a style feature, you can apply images to a specified plane. You can use
images to create style curves by tracing contours or in sketch, when creating
solid features.
Applying Images
To use an image, you need to apply it to a datum plane.
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Fitting Images
Once you apply an image, the system provides horizontal and vertical
location bars that assist in defining the image size. The Fit option will then
scale the image to the distance defined between the location bars.
Positioning Images
Once you have fit the image to your model, you position it using the blue jack
locator. Simply drag the jack to a defined location in the image, and then drag
the image and jack to a defined location in the model.
Manipulating Images
You can use the Rotate, Move, and Scale options in the Trace Sketch dialog
box to position and scale the images visually on the screen. You can use the
Transparency option to dynamically manipulate the display of the image on
the screen.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 49
Tracing Curves
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You use the applied image as a visual reference for creating or tracing style
curves or sketch geometry.
Setting transparency You can change the transparency of the images
to view the image contours and geometry together.
Using images to sketch curves You can create a style feature with
an image applied to a datum plane and then exit the feature. The image
remains visible outside the style feature. Use the image as a reference in
Sketcher to create parametric curves.
Using multiple images By using multiple datum planes, you can use
multiple images and create different curves on different planes.
Module 3 | Page 50
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Using Imported Images

Scenario
Add a image representing the concept shape of a vaporizer to the model.
Then, use that vaporizer image as a tracing reference for defining style
curves.
vap_base.prt
Ref_Image
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2. Click Styling > Trace Sketch.

In the Trace Sketch dialog
box, click Front.
Fit the image to the model.
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Task 2:
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Click Working Directory

.
Double-click Images, select
VAP_FRONT.JPG, and click
Open.
Apply an image to datum plane FRONT.
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Task 1:
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1. Right click and select Set Active Plane.

Select datum plane FRONT.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 51
2. Zoom in, and click and drag the three yellow dimensioning bars
inward to align with the reference lines drawn in the image, as shown.
Notice that the horizontal reference dimension is 116.
3. In the Trace Sketch dialog box, select Horizontal as the Fit option.
Position the image in the model.
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Task 3:
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4. Type 116 as the value and click Fit to scale the image.
5. Click Properties in the Trace Sketch dialog box, type 10 in the
Transparency field, and press ENTER.
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1. Drag the blue jack to align it at

the bottom, center zero location,
as shown.
2. Click the image (not on the blue

jack) and drag it to align the
blue jack on the datum plane
intersection, as shown.
3. Click OK from the Trace Sketch
dialog box.
4. Click Done
style feature.
to complete the
5. Press CTRL + D to reorient the

model.
Module 3 | Page 52
2008 PTC
Task 4:
Create a style curve using the image as a tracing reference.
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3. Click Create Curves

.
Click Planar from the
dashboard, if necessary.
Select the References tab in
the dashboard.
Type 0 as the offset values and
press ENTER, if necessary.
Select locations for five points
as shown, using the image as
a visual reference.

Select datum plane FRONT from the model tree.
from the dashboard.
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5. Right-click and select Edit Definition.

6. Drag points to refine the curve shape.
8. Click Done
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from the dashboard.
to complete the style feature.
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2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 53
Using Imported 3-D Data

Reference imported curve, surface, and point data to create
style features.
Imported 3-D Data
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Imported curves
Imported surfaces
Scan curves
Faceted geometry
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COS Created on Imported Surface
Completed Design
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Style Surface from COS
Using Imported 3-D Data Theory
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You can use imported data from sources such as IGES, STEP, VDA, and
so on to create style features. Common methods for using this data are
listed below.
Use imported curves to directly build surfaces.

Convert imported curves to datum curves or style curves to build surfaces.
Snap style curves to imported surfaces.
Drop curves onto imported surfaces.
Use edges of the imported surface data to build surfaces.
Use faceted data to create surface models.
The image above shows the model of an eyepiece developed using the
imported surface data of a head model.
Module 3 | Page 54
2008 PTC
Using References from Design Models

You can design freeform surface models with reference to
design models.
Design References
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Skeleton Models
Framework
Curve References
Surface References
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Exploded View of Style Geometry

Referencing Design Geometry
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Curve Endpoints Referencing

Skeleton Geometry
Using References from Design Models Theory
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Like any Pro/ENGINEER features, you can add design intent to freeform
surface models by referencing design information in other models. Updating
the referenced design models will then automatically update referenced style
features.
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Design Framework
Create or copy a design framework into your freeform surface model. You
can reference a framework of datum features to control important engineering
detail such as overall size, attachment locations and so on.
Style Feature References

You can create style curves that reference geometry in other models for point
locations and endpoint conditions. Style surface can reference edge and
surface geometry to define surface boundaries, tangent conditions, and so on.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 55
PROCEDURE - Using References from Design Models

Scenario
Create style features that reference a common skeleton model.
ref_design.asm
Ref_Design
Task 1:
Create a style feature, referencing design copied from a skeleton.
nl
1. In the model tree, expand

both REF_BASE.PRT and
REF_DESIGN.PRT.
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2. Select the External Copy

feature in each model. Notice
the same sketch curve geometry
is copied into each model from
the skeleton model.
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3. In the model tree, right-click REF_DESIGN.PRT and select Open.

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5. Right-click and select Set Active Plane, then select datum plane
RIGHT from the model tree.
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Click Planar from the
dashboard and in the
Reference tab, edit the
offset value to 0, if necessary.
point of the curve to horizontal
sketch segments shown.
Select a point location
approximately in the center of
the model, as shown.
Press SHIFT to snap the
end of the curve to horizontal
sketch segments shown.
8. With the curve still selected, right-click and select Edit Definition.
Click Plane Display
to enable their display.
Press SHIFT and drag the middle point until it snaps to datum
plane RIGHT.
Module 3 | Page 56
2008 PTC
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13. Click Window > Close.
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12. Right-click and select Surface.

Click in the Graphics window
to de-select any already
selected items.
four sides of the copied sketch
geometry, as shown.
Right-click and select Internal
Collector.
Select the previously created
style curve, as shown.
Click Done
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Edit the design model and notice that the style geometry also
updates.
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Task 2:
1. In the model tree, expand

REF_DESIGN_SKEL.PRT.
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2. Right-click Sketch 1 and select

Edit.
3. Edit the 60 dimension to 80.
.
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4. Click Regenerate
5. In the model tree, right-click

Sketch 1 and select Edit.
7. Click Regenerate
When design information in the skeleton model is updated,

the external copy features and all related geometry are also
updated. This includes the style curve and surface you created
in this exercise.
2008 PTC
Module 3 | Page 57
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Module 3 | Page 58
2008 PTC
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Module
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Developing Freeform Surface Models
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Module Overview
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In this module, you the learn basic concepts of creating style surfaces. You
also learn to use surfaces to define style curves. Finally, you learn how to edit
those surfaces and curves.
Objectives
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Understand style surfaces.
Create boundary surfaces.
Create loft surfaces.
Use multiple curves as a single boundary.
Create a blend surface using a radial option.
Create a blend surface using a uniform option.
Use surfaces to define curves.
Create a curve on surface type curve.
Intersect surfaces to create a COS.
Create a curve from surface.
Manipulate COS type curves.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 1
Understanding Style Surfaces

Create complex and high-curvature surface geometry using the
interactive Style tool.
Types of Surfaces
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Boundary surfaces
Loft surfaces
Blend surfaces
Composite surfaces
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Boundary Surface
Loft Surface
Blend Surface
Understanding Style Surfaces Theory
PT
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You can create freeform style surface geometry within Pro/ENGINEER to

conceptualize and refine a product form.
Types of Style Surfaces
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You can create the following types of style surfaces using style curves, datum
curves, sketches, or edges:
Boundary Surfaces Have a rectangular or triangular boundary. A set of

primary curves with optional internal curves defines the complete boundary
of the surfaces.
Loft Surfaces Created from a set of non-intersecting curves that flow in
the same direction.
Blend Surfaces Created by selecting one or two primary curves and
one or more cross curves. A cross curve is a curve that intersects the
primary curve(s). There is no restriction to the number of cross curves you
can select to define blend surfaces.
Composite Surfaces Surfaces with more than one curve as a single
boundary or internal curve are composite surfaces. You press SHIFT and
select multiple curve segments as a single boundary. You press CTRL to
select multiple boundaries.
Module 4 | Page 2
2008 PTC
Creating Boundary Surfaces

Create style surfaces referencing three and four sided
boundaries.
Boundary Surfaces
Four Boundary Surface
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Three Boundary Surface
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Triangle: Three Boundary Surfaces

Rectangle: Four Boundary Surfaces
Creating Boundary Surfaces Theory
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You can create style surfaces using boundaries. You can add internal
curves to modify the shape. You can work interactively with style surfaces
by manipulating the boundary and the internal curves. Boundary surfaces
are particularly useful when you create conceptual models where you
interactively and intuitively design the shapes.
Three or Four Boundaries

A boundary surface can reference either three or four boundaries.
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Triangle You create triangular surfaces using three boundaries.

Triangular surfaces have one degenerate edge. The edge opposite the
degenerate vertex is called the natural boundary. When you create a
triangular surface, the first boundary curve you select becomes the natural
boundary.
Rectangle You create rectangular surfaces using four boundaries. You
can use style curves, datum curves, and solid and surface edges as
boundaries.
Rules for Defining Boundary Curves

The defining curves of style surfaces must intersect each other. However, the
curves may extend past each other. They should either be connected to each
other with soft-point, or attached to a common reference as fixed points. You
can also use partial boundaries when creating style surfaces.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 3
PROCEDURE - Creating Boundary Surfaces

Scenario
Create three and four-boundary surfaces, using solid edges, sketched
curves, and style curve boundaries.
bound_surf.prt
Bound_Surf
Create a four-boundary surface.
Task 1:
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from the style
2. Click Surface
toolbar.
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3. Press CTRL and select the four

boundaries shown.
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Note that you can select the four boundaries in any order.
The selected boundaries include a solid edge, two sketched
curves, and a single style curve.
Task 2:
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5. Click Done
Create a three-boundary surface.
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2. Click Surface
toolbar.
from the style
3. Select the top edge of the solid

cylinder.
When you create a triangular surface, the first boundary curve

you select becomes the natural boundary. This is the boundary
that is opposite of the degenerate vertex.
Module 4 | Page 4
2008 PTC
4. Press CTRL and select the other

two style curves, as shown.
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6. Click Done
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2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 5
Creating Loft Surfaces

A loft surface references non-intersecting curves that flow in
the same direction.
Loft Surfaces
Loft Curves
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Reference non-intersecting curves.

Curves flow in same direction.
Loft Surface
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Creating Loft Surfaces Theory
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You can create loft surfaces by selecting a set of non-intersecting curves that
flow in the same direction as boundaries.
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The images above display a loft surface created by referencing four

non-intersecting parametric curves. Notice that all the curves flow in the
same direction.
Module 4 | Page 6
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Creating Loft Surfaces

Scenario
Create a loft surface through a series of sections.
loft_surf.prt
Loft_Surf
Task 1:
Create a loft surface.
2. Click Surface
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3. Press CTRL and working from back to front, select the four loft
sections, as shown.
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Note that you create a loft surface by selecting boundary curves

that flow in the same direction across a model. You cannot select
curves randomly, they must be selected in a single direction
across the model.
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5. Click Done
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 7
Using Multiple Curves as a Single Boundary

You can create style surfaces using more than one curve as a
single boundary.
Multiple Segments Boundaries:
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Press SHIFT to select.

Joined using tangent or curvature.
Results in a composite surface.
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Select Multiple Curves
Composite Surface
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Tangent or Curvature Continuity
Using Multiple Curves as a Single Boundary Theory

You can use more than one curve to create a single boundary of a surface,
however the resulting surface will be a composite surface.
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Selecting Multiple Curves as a Single Boundary

Press SHIFT to select multiple curves that define a single surface boundary.
If you are selecting a boundary that is not the first boundary of the surface,
you will need to first release the CTRL key, before pressing SHIFT.
Tangent or Curvature Continuity

The set of curves along a single boundary can consist of different types of
curves, but they must join at the ends with tangent or curvature continuity.
Composite Surface
Creating a surface from a boundary containing multiple curves will result in
the creation of a composite surface. Composite surfaces are composed of a
set of surface patches but are treated as a single surface quilt. The surface
normals of the component surfaces are oriented consistently with each other.
Module 4 | Page 8
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Using Multiple Curves as a Single

Boundary
Scenario
Create a style surface using a boundary containing multiple curve segments.
multi_bound.prt
Multi_Bound
Task 1:
Create a boundary surface with a multi-segment boundary.
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2. Click Surface
from the style
toolbar.
Select the lower arc-shaped
curve, CF-32, as the first
boundary.
upper arc-shaped curve,
CF-34, as the second
boundary.
With CTRL still pressed, select
the lower-left curve, CF-25, as
the third boundary.
Release CTRL and press
SHIFT, then select the
upper-left curve, CF-26, as the
second boundary segment.
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Notice that the error message in the lower-left of the

Pro/ENGINEER window states: The chain is not tangent. You
must join multiple curves with tangent or curvature continuity if
they are to be used as a single boundary.
Task 2:
Edit the curves end condition so that you can use it as a boundary.
2. In the style tree, select CF-26,

right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
3. Select the endpoint shown,
right-click on the tangent handle,
and select Tangent.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 9
Task 3:
Create a boundary surface with a multi-segment boundary.
PT
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2. Click Surface
from the style
toolbar.
Select the lower arc-shaped
curve, CF-32, as the first
boundary.
upper arc-shaped curve,
CF-34, as the second
boundary.
With CTRL still pressed, select
the lower-left curve, CF-25, as
the third boundary.
upper-left curve, CF-26, as the
second boundary segment.
Release SHIFT, press CTRL
and select the lower-right
curve, CF-27, as the fourth
boundary.
upper-right curve, CF-28,
as the second boundary
segment.
1. Select anywhere in the Graphics window to de-select the selected

curve.
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4. Click Done
Notice that the completed

surface is a single quilt,
composite surface,
containing three surface
patches. It is a composite
surface because it was
created from boundaries
containing multiple curve
segments.
Module 4 | Page 10
2008 PTC
Creating a Blend Surface using the Radial Option
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Use the Radial option to control the shape of a blended surface.
Without Radial Option Top View
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With Radial Option
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Without Radial Option
With Radial Option Top View
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Creating a Blend Surface using the Radial Option Theory

In the example shown, a blended surface is created by selecting one primary
curve and one cross curve as a boundary.
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You can further control the shape of this type of blended surface using the
Radial option.
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Radial - The Radial option controls the sweep of the cross curve. If you
select the Radial option, the cross curve sweeps radial to the primary
curve. If you do not select the Radial option, the cross curve sweeps along
the primary curve, keeping the cross-sections parallel to the cross curve.
A cross curve is a curve that intersects the primary curve.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 11
PROCEDURE - Creating a Blend Surface using the

Radial Option
Scenario
Create a surface and then edit its shape by clearing the radial option.
Radial_Surf
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2. Click Surface
Select the large primary curve, CF-0.
Right-click and select Cross Collector.
Select the small cross curve, CF-3.
Create a surface using the Radial option.
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Task 1:
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3. Start the Named View List
from the main menu and select Front.
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5. Right-click and select Active Plan Orientation.
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6. Click Options in the dashboard. Notice that Radial is the default

option selected in the tab.
Notice that the radial option creates a surface by sweeping the

cross curve normal to each point on the primary curve.
Module 4 | Page 12
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Remove the Radial option from the surface.
1. Clear the Radial check box in

the Options tab.
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3. Click Done
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Notice that, without the radial option selected, the surface is

created by sweeping the cross curve parallel to primary curve.
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2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 13
Creating a Blend Surface using the Uniform

Option
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Use the Uniform option to control the shape of a blended surface.
Without Uniform Option Front View
With Uniform Option
With Uniform Option Front View
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Without Uniform Option
Creating a Blend Surface using the Uniform Option Theory
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In the example shown, a blended surface is created by selecting two primary

curves and one cross curve as a boundary.
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You can further control the shape of this type of blended surface using the
Uniform option.
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Uniform - The Uniform option controls the sweep of the cross curve along
the primary curves. If you select the Uniform option, the cross curve is
scaled uniformly along the primary curves. If you clear the check box,
the cross curve is scaled non-uniformly to preserve a consistent loft over
the blend.
A cross curve is a curve that intersects the primary curve.
Module 4 | Page 14
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Creating a Blend Surface using the

Uniform Option
Scenario
Create a surface and then edit its shape by clearing the uniform option.
Uniform_Surf
Task 1:
uniform_surf.prt
Create a surface using the Uniform option.
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2. Click Surface
Press CTRL and select the two longer curves as primary curves.
Right-click and select Cross Collector.
Select the small cross curve.
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3. Right-click and select Active Plan Orientation.

from the main menu and select Front.
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5. Click Options in the dashboard. Notice that Uniform is the default

option selected in the tab.
Notice that the Uniform option creates a surface by sweeping the

cross curve along the primary curves, scaling the cross curve
uniformly along the primary curves.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 15
Task 2:
Remove the Uniform option from the surface.
1. Clear the Uniform check box in the Options tab.

.
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3. Click Done
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Notice that without the Uniform option selected, the cross curve
is scaled non-uniformly to preserve a consistent loft over the
blend.
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Module 4 | Page 16
2008 PTC
Using Surfaces to Define Curves

You can use several methods to create curves using surfaces
as references.
Creation Methods
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Using the COS Option

Drop Curve
COS By Intersect
Curve from Surface
Free
COS
The COS Option and Drop Curve
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COS By Intersect
Curve from Surface
Using Surfaces to Define Curves Theory
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You can create several types of curves that use surfaces as references.
Methods for creating these curves are as follows:
Curve on Surface (COS) Option You can create a COS by manually
specifying the points through which you want the curve to pass on a surface
by selecting the COS option in the curve creation dashboard.
Drop Curve The Drop Curve
tool enables you to select an existing
curve and project it onto a selected surface.
COS By Intersect The COS By Intersect

tool enables you to
intersect a surface with another surface or datum plane to create a curve.
Curve from Surface You can use the Curve from Surface tool to create
a Free or COS curve by selecting a point on the surface through which
the curve must pass.
Curve on Surface (COS)

All of the methods above, except the Curve from Surface, with the Free
option, produce a Curve on Surface (COS) type curve. All points of a COS
type curve are constrained to lie on a single surface so the curve is also on
the surface. The curve is a child of the surface, and updates accordingly
when the shape of the surface changes.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 17
The Drop Curve and COS By Intersect methods enable you to create COS
type curves across multiple surface patches. You cannot do this in single
operation when using the COS Option or Curve from Surface methods.
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If you use the Free option when creating a curve using the Curve
from Surface method, it has no parent/child relationship with to
the surface. When the surface shape is changed, the curve will
not change accordingly.
Module 4 | Page 18
2008 PTC
Creating a Curve on Surface Type Curve

Create a curve directly on a surface or by projecting an existing
curve onto a surface.
Curve on Surface (COS)
Create using the COS option.
.
Projecting a Curve onto a Surface
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Creating a COS Directly
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Project an existing curve onto a surface using Drop Curve
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Creating a Curve on Surface Type Curve Theory

You can create a curve on a surface using the following methods:
PT
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Using the COS Option You create a COS by selecting a surface and then
defining the points by clicking directly on the surface. Style creates a COS
that passes through these points and is constrained to lie on the surface.
Dropping a curve You project a curve onto a surface or set of surfaces
Fo
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. The curve is projected normal to a selected plane.

using Drop Curve
When you project a curve on a composite surface, individual COS curves
are created for each component of the composite surface.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 19
PROCEDURE - Creating a Curve on Surface Type Curve

Scenario
Create a curve on surface type curve by placing points directly on the surface
or dropping an existing curve onto the surface.
cos.prt
COS
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2. Click Create Curves

from
the style toolbar.
In the dashboard, click COS.
Press SHIFT and place a soft
point on the upper boundary
of the surface.
Click the surface to place two
additional points, as shown.
Press SHIFT and place a soft
point on the lower boundary of
the surface.
Create a curve on surface using the COS option.
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Task 1:
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5. Drag the points to adjust the shape, as shown in the previous image.
6. Spin the model to observe that the curve has been placed on the
surface.
Create a COS by dropping an existing curve onto the surface.
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Task 2:
1. Select anywhere in the Graphics window to de-select the curve you

just created.
2. Click Drop Curve
from the
style toolbar.
Select the circular curve.
Right-click and select Surface
Collector.
Click on the surface that the
curve will be dropped on.
Module 4 | Page 20
2008 PTC
Notice that by default, the TOP datum plane is selected as the

direction reference. You can edit this at any time.
4. Click Done
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5. Spin the model to observe that

both curves have been placed
on the surface.
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Module 4 | Page 21
Intersecting Surfaces to Create a COS

You can create COS type curves by intersecting surfaces as well
as datum planes.
Intersecting References
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Create a COS at the intersection of two surfaces.

Create a COS at the intersection of a surface and a datum plane.
Intersecting a Plane and Surface
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Intersecting Surfaces
Intersecting Surfaces to Create a COS Theory
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You can create COS type curves by intersecting two surfaces or a surface
with a datum plane. You can reference surface geometry from solid models,
imported geometry, or style features.
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Curves of this type are useful in a variety of applications such as adding

boundaries to a style feature, creating style curves related to existing models,
and so on.
Intersecting References
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The first reference selected when creating a COS type curve, using the COS
by Intersection method must be a surface. The second reference can be
either another surface or a datum plane.
Module 4 | Page 22
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Intersecting Surfaces to Create a COS

Scenario
Create COS type curves by intersecting imported surfaces and datum planes.
inter_curve.prt
Intersect
Task 1:
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Create a COS type curve by intersecting imported surface data.
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.
fly-out, next to Drop Curve
Select the upper surface, as
shown.
Right-click and select Second
Collector.
Select the side surface, as
shown.
2. Click COS By Intersect

from the style toolbar, in the
You can reference surface geometry from solid models, imported

geometry, or style features to create COS type curves.
Create three COS curves by intersecting datum planes with
surfaces.
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Task 2:
to
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enable their display.
.
shown.
Collector.
Select datum plane TOP.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 23
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Create a style surface referencing the curves created in the

previous tasks.
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Task 3:
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.
shown.
Collector.
Select datum plane RIGHT.
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.
shown.
Collector.
Select datum plane FRONT.
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2. In the model tree, right-click Imported Feature id 23, and select

Hide.
.
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3. Click Surface
4. Click anywhere in the Graphics

window to de-select all geometry.

boundary curves shown.

7. Click Done
Module 4 | Page 24
2008 PTC
Creating a Curve using the Curve from Surface

Tool
You can create a free or curve on surface (COS) curve from a
parallel isoline of a surface.
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Select a location on the surface.

Drag or specify a relative value to position the curve.
Free or COS type curves.
From a single surface patch.
Cannot Cross Surface Patches
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Select to Locate
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Location Options
Creating a Curve using the Curve from Surface Tool Theory
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You can create a free or COS curve from a parallel isoline (isoparametric) of
a surface. You can create a curve from surface curve by selecting the point
on the surface through which the curve must pass.
After the curve is created, you can edit it as you would any other curve.
Locating the Curve from Surface
Fo
r
After the curve is placed, you can drag the curve across the surface to
position it. In the Options tab, you can position the curve by specifying a
relative value between 0 and 1 along the curve.
The curve is exactly on the middle of the surface when the value is 0.5.
You can press CTRL and click the surface to change the direction of the curve.
Curve Types
Curves created using the Curve from Surface tool can be free or COS.
Limitations of Curve from Surface

If you select a composite surface (a surface consisting of more than one
surface patch), a curve will only be created on the selected patch.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 25
PROCEDURE - Creating a Curve using the Curve from

Surface Tool
Scenario
Create a curve using the Curve from Surface tool.
from_surf.prt
From_Surf
Create a curve from surface.
Task 1:
nl

rn
4. Press CTRL and click the

surface again to change the
curves direction.
al
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3. Click Free in the dashboard, if

necessary.
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2. Click Styling > Curve from

Surface and click on the
surface, as shown.
PT
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In
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Notice that the curve does

not span the entire surface.
This surface is a composite
surface and you can only
create curves from a single
surface patch.
5. Select SF-15 from the style tree to see the isoline dividing the surface
feature.
Fo
r
6. Click Repaint
7. Press CTRL and click on the surface to change the curves direction
back to a horizontal orientation.
8. Click Options and edit the

curves relative location value to
.1 and press ENTER.
9. Click and drag the curve until
the value in the Options tab is
approximately .5.
Module 4 | Page 26
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Edit the surface that the new curve was created from.
1. Select the curve CF-8, right-click,

2. Click and drag the midpoint of
this curve, as shown.
nl
4. Spin the model and observe

that the curve you created using
Curve from Surface does not
follow the modified surface.
se
Free type curves from surface do not maintain a parent/child

relationship with the surface they were created from.
al
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5. Select the last curve created (created using Curve from Surface) ,
right-click, and select Edit Definition.
In
te
rn
Notice that the curve which was created using Curve from
Surface is now like any other curve and can be edited as such.
The Curve from Surface dashboard is only available during
creation of the curve.
7. Select the surface, right-click,

PT
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8. Right-click and select Internal

Collector.
Fo
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9. Select the curve created using

the Curve from Surface option
as the surfaces internal curve.
11. Click Done
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 27
Manipulating COS Type Curves

You can manipulate COS type curves by editing the curve or
references of the curve.
Manipulating a COS Shape
Edit point locations.
Edit the parent surface.
COS Across Surface Patches
nl
Drop Curve
COS By Intersect
Unlink from Surface
In
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Manipulating the COS
Reference Surfaces
Unlinked from Surface
PT
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Manipulating COS Type Curves Theory

A COS type curve consists of point locations lying on a surface, with the
curve through the points also lying on the surface. To manipulate a COS type
curve, you can then either manipulate the points or the parent surface.
Fo
r
In the case of a COS created using Drop Curve or COS By Intersection,

you can also manipulate the curve that was dropped or the surfaces forming
the intersection.
Editing the Parent Surface
The surface that a COS type curve lies on is the curves parent surface.
When a parent surface is edited:
A COS type curve readjusts itself to the new shape.
If the modification is such that the dropped curve intersects only a part of
the surface, the curve is projected onto the available surface.
If the surface cannot accommodate a dropped curve, the operation fails.
Creating COS Across Surface Patches

You can create COS type curves across surface patches using the Drop
Curve or COS By Intersect tools.
Module 4 | Page 28
2008 PTC
Using the Curve from Surface tool or the COS option to create a COS type
curve will only enable you to create a curve on a single patch. In these cases,
you must create a COS for each surface patch and join it to the other COS.
A COS that joins to another COS becomes the child of the COS to which it
joins. If the parent surfaces are tangential, you can connect the COS with
tangent continuity.
Unlinking COS
To convert a COS to a free curve, click Edit > Unlink. In this case, the curve
breaks its relation with the parent surface.
Fo
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PT
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In
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al
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You can unlink COS curves created using the Curve from Surface tool or
the COS option by editing the definition of the curve and changing it to a
planar or free curve.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 29
PROCEDURE - Manipulating COS Type Curves

Scenario
Manipulate the shape of COS type curves.
man_cos.prt
Man_COS
Task 1:
Manipulate curve so that it crosses the surface patches.
nl
2. Click No hidden

al
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4. Drag the curve end shown and

attempt to connect it to the end
of curve CF-549.
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3. Right-click curve CF-547 and

In
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5. Click Undo
rn
The step above cannot be completed because a single COS

type curve cannot span surface patches.
6. Press SHIFT and drag the

endpoint, attaching it to the
surface boundary as a soft point.
.
Fo
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PT
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Module 4 | Page 30
2008 PTC

9. Click COS from the dashboard, if necessary.
10. Click to place two endpoints on the middle surface patch, near the
ends of the existing curves, as shown.
It is important that you do not click beyond the middle surface
patch when placing the two points.
.

Definition.
In
te
rn
13. Press SHIFT, then drag and

attach each endpoint as soft
points, to the existing curves.
al
U
se
nl
14. Right-click the tangent handle

of each endpoint and select
Tangent.
.
PT
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Fo
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17. Drag the endpoint, as shown.

Observe how the curves
remain connected, and on their
reference surfaces.
2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 31
Task 2:
Edit the drop curve by editing the reference surface and curve.
1. Right-click curve DF-553 and

2. Right-click and select Surface
Collector.
3. Press CTRL and select the
middle surface patch.
.
nl
se
You can use Drop Curve and COS By Intersect to create COS
type curves across surface patches.
6. Drag a point on the curve, as

shown.
.
In
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rn
al
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5. Right-click curve DF-552 and


PT
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9. Select the middle point of the

curve.
10. Click Point tab in the dashboard

and edit the X coordinate to 280
and the Y coordinate to - 105.
.
Fo
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Task 3:
Edit a COS type curve to a free type curve.
1. Click Shading
2. Right-click curve DF-554 and select Edit Definition.

3. Select Free from the dashboard.
4. Select Yes to accept the conversion to a free type curve.
You can also click Edit > Unlink to remove a curves reference
to a surface and other references.
Module 4 | Page 32
2008 PTC

and select Front.
Add Midpoint.
7. Drag the new point off the
surface, as shown.
9. Click Done
nl
10. Spin the model to observe that

the curve is no longer laying on
the surface.
Fo
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PT
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al
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2008 PTC
Module 4 | Page 33
y
nl
O
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Module 4 | Page 34
2008 PTC
5
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Advanced Tools and Techniques for

Defining Freeform Shapes
Module
al
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Module Overview
In this module, you learn to use advanced tools and techniques for defining
and editing freeform shapes.
rn
Objectives
Fo
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PT
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In
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Manipulate a surface shape using internal curves.
Create radial path planar curves.
Copy curves proportionally.
Modify curve shapes proportionally.
Unlink style curves from references.
Make curves planar between endpoints.
Use surfaces to define curves.
Create a curve on surface type curve.
Edit style surfaces.
Resolve failed style geometry.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 1
Manipulating Shapes using Internal Curves

You can manipulate the shape of a surface by adding internal
curves to the surface definition.
Adding Internal Curves
nl
Rules for Adding Internal Curves
Can be added in both directions.

Any number can be added.
Can connect to opposite
boundaries.
rn
al
U
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Without Internal Curve Control
Cannot attach to adjacent

boundaries.
Curves in two directions must
connect to each other.
Curves attached to same
boundary, cannot intersect within
boundaries.
Cannot intersect the boundary
more than once.
Cannot add COS type curves.
In
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With Internal Curve Control
Manipulating Shapes Using Internal Curves Theory

You use internal curves to manipulate the shape of a style surface.
PT
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Adding Internal Curves
When adding internal curves, you should remember the following:
Fo
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You can add internal curves in both directions (u and v).

There is no limit to the number of internal curves you can add to a surface.
You can add free or planar curves as internal curves on two opposite
boundaries.
Rules for Adding Internal Curves

When adding internal curves, the following rules apply:
You can attach internal curves only to opposing boundaries and not to
adjacent boundaries.
If you attach curves in two directions, then they must be attached to each
other.
If you attach multiple internal curves to the same boundaries, the curves
should not intersect within the surface.
You cannot attach an internal curve if it intersects the surface boundary at
more than two points.
You cannot add a COS type curve as an internal curve.
Module 5 | Page 2
2008 PTC
Best Practices
You should add only the minimum number of internal curves required to
define the required surface shape.
Fo
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PT
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In
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Use Styling > Preferences to control the Surface Mesh display. The mesh
display will help ensure that you have not distorted the surface by the addition
of internal curves.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 3
PROCEDURE - Manipulating Shapes using Internal

Curves
Scenario
Manipulate the shape of a surface by adding internal curves to the definition.
internal.prt
Internal
Add internal curves to the surface definition.
Task 1:
nl

se
2. Select surface SF-15, right-click

4. Select each of the three possible

internal curves to observe how
each influences the shape of the
curve.
rn
5. Select curve CF-23, as shown.
al
U

Collector.
In
te
6. Press CTRL and select CF-26 to

add a second internal curve to
the surface definition.
PT
C
7. Press CTRL and attempt to

select CF-13 as the third internal
curve.
Fo
r
Notice that the surface does not update. Pro/ENGINEER will not
accept this curve as an internal curve because it does not attach
to the internal curves in the other direction.
8. Press CTRL and select curve CF-13 again to remove it from the
internal curve list.
Module 5 | Page 4
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Edit the third curve so that it can also be referenced by the surface.
1. Select curve CF-13, right-click

Plane Orientation.
nl
O
al
U
5. Press SHIFT and drag the new

point down until it snaps to curve
CF-26, as shown.
se
4. Right-click the curve, just to the

left of the midpoint, and select
Add Point, as shown.

midpoint of the curve down until
it snaps to curve CF-23, as
shown.

Orientation.
.
In
te
rn
8. Select surface SF-15, right-click

PT
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9. Press CTRL and select CF-13

as the third internal curve.
11. Click Done
Fo
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2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 5
Creating Radial Path Planar Curves

You can create curves on soft planes. Soft planes are active
planes located normal to a selected curve.
Positioning the soft plane:
nl
Length Ratio
Length
Parameter
Offset from Plane
Lock to Point
In
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Copy Normal to Curve
rn
al
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Normal to Parent Curve at Point
Normal to Curves Active Plane
Creating Radial Path Planar Curves Theory
PT
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You can create a radial path planar curve by creating points on a soft plane.
The soft plane is normal to the parent curve at a selected point on the parent
curve and normal to the parent curvess active plane. The soft plane can slide
along its parent curve while remaining normal to the parent curve. When the
parent curves are updated, the planes and the planar curves are regenerated.
Fo
r
Positioning the Soft Plane
You can use the following option to define the position of the soft plane and
how the soft planes position updates during regeneration.
Length Ratio Maintains the position of the soft plane to the percentage
of the length from the start of the parent curve to the plane, relative to the
total length of the parent curve. This is the default option.
Length Defines the distance from the start of the parent curve to the
soft plane.
Parameter Maintains the position of the soft plane by keeping its
parameter constant along the curve.
Offset from Plane Defines the position of the soft plane by intersecting
the parent curve with a plane at a given offset.
Lock to Point Locks the soft plane on the parent curve at the closest
defining point, typically an endpoint.
Module 5 | Page 6
2008 PTC
Copying Radial Path Planar Curves
Fo
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PT
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In
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You can copy existing radial path planar curves to create more radial path
planar curves using the Copy tool. You can press ALT to drag the copied
curve along the parent curve of the soft plane.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 7
PROCEDURE - Creating Radial Path Planar Curves

Scenario
Create a radial path planar curve on a soft plane, copy that curve, and then
add it to the definition of a surface.
soft_plane.prt
Soft_Plane
Create a radial path curve on a soft plane.
Task 1:
nl

rn
5. Place the soft plane by clicking

on the curve, as shown.
al
U
4. Right-click and select Reference

Collector.
se
3. Click Planar from the dashboard

and in the Reference tab, edit the
6. In the main toolbar, select TOP
In
te
from the Named View List
7. Select the References tab from

the dashboard.
PT
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8. Edit the Radial Plane, Length

Ratio Value to .2 and press
ENTER. Notice how the soft
planes location changes.
Fo
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9. Edit the value to .8 and press

ENTER.
Notice that the new soft plane is normal to the selected curve
and the curves reference plane at the location selected.
Module 5 | Page 8
2008 PTC
10. Slightly rotate the model, as

shown.
11. Press SHIFT and select the
upper curve shown as the new
curves start point.
12. Release SHIFT and select the
second point.
nl

lower curve shown as the new
curves end point.

Plane Orientation.
Drag a copy of the radial path curve.
In
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Task 2:
rn
al
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17. Shape the curve, as shown,

by editing point locations and
tangency.
se

Definition.
PT
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2. Click Edit > Copy.
3. Select the previously created curve, if necessary.
Fo
r
4. Press ALT and drag the Z-axis

of the jack along the reference
curve, as shown.
7. Select References from the toolbar.

8. Edit the Radial Plane, Length Ratio field to .2 and press ENTER.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 9
10. In the Style tree, select SF-1013,

Definition.
Collector.
12. Press CTRL and select the two
internal curves shown.
nl
14. Click Done
Fo
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PT
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In
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Module 5 | Page 10
2008 PTC
Copying Curves Proportionally

You can create proportional copies of single curves and their
linked parent curves using the Copy Proportional tool.
Copy Proportional
Linked
Unlinked
se
nl
Free and Planar

Soft Points
Fixed Points
Linked Copies
Unlinked Copies
Unlinked Proportional Copy
In
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Conditions and Limitations
Edit After Copy
Linked Proportional Copy
PT
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Copying Curves Proportionally Theory

The Copy Proportional tool enables you to duplicate the selected geometry,
retaining the original proportions when the endpoints of the selected curve
move to new positions during duplication.
Fo
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Copy Proportional Conditions and Limitations

The following conditions and limitations are applied when using the copy
proportional tool:
Free and Planar You can copy planar and free curves but not COS type
curves.
Soft Points Soft point connections are maintained when copying a set
of linked curves.
Fixed Points You cannot create a linked copy of curves that reference a
curve with fixed points.
Linked Copies Linked copies move along the parent curve.
Unlinked Copies By default, unlinked copies move parallel to the active
plane.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 11
PROCEDURE - Copying Curves Proportionally

Scenario
Create proportional copies of single curves and their linked parent curves.
proportional.prt
Proportional
Task 1:
Create a proportional copy of a single curve.
nl

2. Select curve CF-4.
3. Click Edit > Copy Proportional.
al
U
5. Using the arrowhead handles,

drag the curve, as shown.
se
4. Clear the Unlink check box if

necessary.
Task 2:
In
te
rn
Notice that the copy moves parallel to the original curves active
plane and changes size proportionally, no matter where you
drag the endpoints.
Create a proportional copy of a curve and its parents.
1. Right-click and select Clear.
PT
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Fo
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Notice that the two parent

curves of CF-9 are also
copied.
3. Using the arrowhead handles,

drag the curves, as shown.
4. Select the Unlink check box.

Notice that the linked parents
are no longer a part of the copy.
5. Clear the Unlink check box.
The selected curve is linked
or referenced to the parent
curves using soft points at
each endpoint.
Module 5 | Page 12
2008 PTC
6. Press CTRL and select curve

CF-6, as shown.
Edit a copied curve.
nl
Task 3:
se
rn
al
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Notice that you can now

edit the curves like any
other curve. The Copy
Proportional tool is only
accessible during the copy
operation.
1. With the four new curves still

selected, right-click and select
Edit Definition.

.
In
te
3. Click Done
Fo
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PT
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2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 13
Modifying Curve Shapes Proportionally

You can apply proportional updates to curves in order to see
predictable results when you make modifications to referenced
geometry.
Proportional Update
nl
Using Proportional Update

Planning for Proportional Update
al
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Original Curve
Without Proportional Update
rn
With Proportional Update
In
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Modifying Curve Shapes Proportionally Theory

When you select the Proportional Update option, you force the free points of
the curve to move proportionally in relation to the reference (soft) points.
PT
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Using Proportional Update
Fo
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When you change the location of a point on a curve without the Proportional
Update option applied to it, the shape is altered based on the new location of
only the point being moved. This is a non-proportional change. If you want
to change the entire shape of the curve proportionally, you can apply the
Proportional Update option to the curve.
Planning for Proportional Update
You need to plan your model so that changes in the model size or proportions
produce predictable and desirable results. You may need to use the
Proportional Update option with a number of curves to achieve a predictable
update of the model.
The figure in the lower-right corner of the slide depicts a
non-proportional modification of a curve. The figure in the lower-left
corner depicts the same modification but with Proportional Update
option applied to the curve.
Module 5 | Page 14
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Modifying Curve Shapes Proportionally

Scenario
Use the Proportional Update option to modify curve shapes.
mod_prop.prt
Mod_Prop
Task 1:
Edit the shape of curves without the Proportional Update option

enabled.
nl

al
U
se
3. Drag the style points of the

curve, as shown.
2. Select curve CF-545, right-click,

Enable the Proportional Update option for the three attached

curves.
1. Click Undo
In
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Task 2:
rn
Notice that the interior points of the three attached curves do not
move as the endpoints are dragged.
until the feature is returned to its original shape.
PT
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3. Select curve CF-548, right-click, and select Edit Definition.

4. In the dashboard, click the Proportional Update.
Fo
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2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 15
Task 3:
Edit the shape of curves with the Proportional Update option

enabled.

2. Drag the style points of the
curve, as shown.
.
nl
4. Click Done
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Notice that with the Proportional Update option enabled, the

interior points of the three attached curves moved proportionally
as the endpoints were dragged.
Fo
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PT
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In
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Module 5 | Page 16
2008 PTC
Unlinking Style Curves

You can unlink style curves from the geometry that they
reference.
Unlink Curves
Unlink COS Type Curves
nl
Create a complex 3-D free curve.
In
te
rn
al
U
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Unlinked Fixed Point
Soft Points
Unlinked Soft Points
PT
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Unlinking Style Curves Theory

You can unlink style curves to modify parent/child relationships between style
features and the geometry they reference.
Fo
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Unlinking COS Type Curves

You can create complex 3-D curves by creating a COS type curve and then
unlinking it from its creation references.
To unlink sketched COS type curves, select the curve and then use Unlink
option. This creates a free curve that is no longer attached to the surface.
When creating COS type curves by dropping curves, the dropped curve is
linked to the projected curve and reference surface. Unlinking a dropped
curve breaks the associativity between them.
You cannot reestablish the link for the projected curves that you have
unlinked.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 17
PROCEDURE - Unlinking Style Curves

Scenario
Edit the style feature by unlinking its style curves from referenced geometry.
unlink.prt
Unlink
Task 1:
Unlink a style curve from the sketched curve framework.
1. Select Sketch 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Delete.
nl
2. Select Cancel from the Delete dialog box.

rn

al
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This dialog box warns you that because Style 1 is a child of

Sketch 1, deleting Sketch 1 will also delete Style 1. Unlinking
the curves in Style 1 from the Sketch 1 geometry enables you to
delete Sketch 1 without deleting Style 1.
In
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5. Right-click each of the curves

three soft points and select
Unlink.
.
PT
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7. Click Done
8. Select Sketch 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Delete.
9. Select OK from the Delete dialog box.
Fo
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You can delete the sketch feature this time because the style
curve was no longer linked to it.
Module 5 | Page 18
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Unlink fixed points from one style curve and link them to another
curve.

4. Select curve CF-555 in the

graphics window.
al
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5. Press SHIFT and drag the style

point to curve CF-564, as shown.
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nl

rn

graphics window.
In
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PT
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graphics window.
9. With your cursor over the
selected curve, right-click, and
select Delete Curve.
Fo
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10. Click Yes to confirm deletion of

the curve.
Task 3:
Create a 3-D curve by unlinking a dropped curve.
1. Click Surface
2. Press CTRL and select the 4

Collector.
4. Select the internal curve shown.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 19
6. Click Drop Curve

8. Right-click and select Surface
Collector.
9. Select the surface, as shown.
nl
11. In the Style tree, select the surface feature, right-click, and select
Delete.
12. Click Unlink from the Delete dialog box.
13. In the Style tree, select curve CF-572, right-click, and select Delete.
16. In the Resolve dialog box, select

dropped curve feature, and then
.
.
In
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17. Click close and then Done
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click Convert
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15. Click Done
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14. Click Unlink from the Delete dialog box.
Fo
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PT
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Module 5 | Page 20
2008 PTC
Making Curves Planar Between Endpoints

You can make free curves planar between their endpoints.
Planar on Endpoints Option
rn
Free Curve
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Internal points cannot be constrained.

Endpoints cannot have tangent constraint.
Free Curve Planar on Endpoints
In
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Making Curves Planar Between Endpoints Theory
PT
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You can make free curves planar between their endpoints using the Planar
on Endpoints option. Pro/ENGINEER modifies free tangents, if necessary,
while making the curves planar between their endpoints.
Fo
r
Note that using the Planar on Endpoints option does not change a
free type curve to a planar type curve. It only moves the internal
points to the same plane as the endpoints. You can move them out
of that plane at any time.
Planar on Endpoints Rules

You cannot make curves planar between their endpoints if they contain:
Constrained internal points.
Endpoints with tangent constraints.
The curves do not maintain history after being made planar.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 21
PROCEDURE - Making Curves Planar Between

Endpoints
Scenario
Edit the free curve so that all points between its endpoints lie on the same
plane.
planar_curve.prt
Planar_Curve
nl
1. Select Front from the Named View List
Make the free curve planar between its endpoints.
Task 1:
se
2. Select Style 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
rn
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In
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4. Right-click the curve and select Planar on Endpoints.

.
PT
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6. Click Done
Fo
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Note that the curve is not a planar curve. It remains a free curve.
The points between its endpoints have only been moved to the
same plane that the endpoints are on.
Module 5 | Page 22
2008 PTC
Editing Style Surfaces

You can change the shape of a style surface by altering the
surface type, boundary curves, or internal curves.
Editing Methods
rn
Two Point Internal Curve
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Edit the defining curves.

Add/remove internal curves.
Change surface type.
Five Point Internal Curve
In
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Editing Style Surfaces Theory
You can edit the shape of a style surface using various methods.
PT
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You can redefine a style surface by specifying new defining curves.

You can add or remove internal curves by redefining boundary surfaces.
You can change the surface type while redefining the surfaces.
Fo
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The figures above depict adding internal curves and points to

modify the shape of a style surface.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 23
PROCEDURE - Editing Style Surfaces

Scenario
Edit the style surface by adding internal curves and defining curve shapes.
edit_surf.prt
Edit_Surf
Task 1:
Add an internal curve to the surface definition.
nl

2. Select surface SF-579,

Definition.
Edit the shape of the internal curve.
rn
Task 2:
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4. Select curve CF-555 as an

internal curve of the surface.
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Collector.
In
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PT
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Add Midpoint.
4. Right-click to the right of
the midpoint and select Add
Midpoint to add a second
internal point.
Fo
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5. Right-click to the left of the

original midpoint and select Add
Midpoint to add third internal
point.
6. Select and drag the midpoint, as
shown.
Notice that the surface
dynamically updates as the
defining curve is updated.
Module 5 | Page 24
2008 PTC

Orientation.
9. Click Done
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2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 25
Resolving Failed Style Geometry

You can resolve failed style features using the Resolve tool for
style features.
Resolve Tool for Style Features
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Failed and blocked features.

Access to other style tools not
restricted.
Cannot exit style feature without
resolving failed features.
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Modify Parent/Child Relationships
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Resolve Dialog Box for Style
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Resolving Failed Style Geometry Theory

The style feature has its own resolve environment. Style features enter
Resolve mode:
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When trying to regenerate a style feature with failed entities.

When trying to exit or complete a style feature with failing entities.
By invoking the Resolve tool when you click Edit > Resolve.
Resolve Tool for Style
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The Resolve dialog box provides:
Information about the failed and blocked features. Blocked features are
entities that cannot be regenerated until a failed parent is resolved.
Tools to resolve the failed features.
Resolve does not restrict access to other tools in the style feature. You may
close the Resolve dialog box and continue to create geometry or modify
it to resolve failed features.
You are not able to exit the style feature until all the objects are resolved.
Modify Parent/Child Relationships

In a style feature, if an entity refers to another entity that is created prior to
the current feature, it becomes a child. However, the style geometry created
within the current feature maintains a flexible hierarchy, enabling you to
modify the parent/child relationship.
Module 5 | Page 26
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Resolving Failed Style Geometry

Scenario
The Style tools resolve mode enables you to resolve failed style geometry.
resolve.prt
Resolve
Task 1:
Delete style entities and resolve the subsequent failures.
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1. Select Style 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
2. Press CTRL, then select curves CF-572 and CF-545 from the style
tree.
3. Right-click and select Delete.
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4. Click Suspend from the Delete dialog box.
. This opens the Resolve dialog box.
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5. Click Done
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Note that selecting Suspend deletes the selected parent but

suspends the deletion of its children. When the children fail
regeneration due to the missing parent, you will resolve the
failures using resolve mode.
6. Select the first failed curve
CF-548 from the Resolve dialog
boxs list of failed features and
.
click Redefine
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endpoint until it snaps to the end
of curve CF-564.
.
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9. Select the second failed curve

CF-549 from the list of failed
features and click Redefine
.

endpoint until it snaps to the end
of curve CF-564.
2008 PTC
Module 5 | Page 27
12. Select the third failed curve

CF-555 from the list of failed
features and click Redefine

endpoint until it snaps to curve
CF-564.
.
15. Click Regenerate
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16. Select the failed curve CF-582

from the list of failed features
.
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and click Unlink
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17. Select the failed surface SF-576

from the list of failed features
and click Redefine
.
as it is no
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You can also delete curve CF-582 using Delete

longer needed in the feature.
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18. Right-click and select Primary

Collector.
19. Press CTRL and select curve
CF-564, as shown.
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21. Select the failed drop curve

DF-577 from the list of failed
features and click Convert
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22. Now that you have resolved all

of the failed features, click Close
from the Resolve dialog box.
23. Click Done
The Convert
tool converted the drop curve to a sketched,
COS curve. It is no longer related to curve CF-572, which was
originally selected to be dropped on the surface.
Module 5 | Page 28
2008 PTC
6
y
Module
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Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models
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Module Overview
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In this module, you first learn about curvature and its effect on a design. Next
you learn how to connect curves and surfaces in order to produce the desired
transition between them. Finally, you learn to use analysis tools that enable
you to verify the quality and smoothness or your design.
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Objectives
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Understand curvature and its effect on curves and surfaces.
Connect style curves.
Understand style curve connection levels.
Manipulate curve connections.
Connect style surfaces.
Understand surface connection order.
Analyze continuity of freeform design.
Use the Curvature Analysis tool.
Use the Shaded Curvature Analysis tool.
Use the Dihedral Angle Analysis tool.
Use the Reflection Analysis tool.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 1
Understanding Curvature
Curvature is an important measurement for determining the
quality of a freeform surface.
Curvature = 1/Radius
Smaller Radius = Higher Curvature
Larger Radius = Lower Curvature
Curvature Facts
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Curvature of a straight line = 0.

Curvature of an arc is constant.
Curvature of a spline changes
constantly.
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Curvature Display 1/Radius
Undesirable Acceleration and

Inflection in Curvature
Change in Curvature Shown in

a Reflection Analysis
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Understanding Curvature Theory
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Freeform surface modeling often requires that certain measurements of

curvature be met to create a curvature continuous model. This is especially
true when it comes to consumer products such as automobiles, cell phones,
and other products where the look of the model is as important as the function
of the design. Inconsistent acceleration or inflection of curvature does not
produce visually appealing design surfaces.
Curvature Definition
Curvature is defined as a portion of a surface that is proportional to 1/radius

at any given point on a curve. Hence, the smaller the radius value, the
greater the curvature. The lower the radius value, the higher the curvature.
To detect changes in curvature, you can use a combination of surface
analysis tools available in Pro/ENGINEER.
Curvature Facts
When designing surfaces with curvature, keep in mind the following:
A straight line has zero curvature since 1/infinity = zero.
A true arc has constant curvature at all points along the curve, based on
its radius.
Module 6 | Page 2
2008 PTC
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Splines, in general, have constantly changing curvature.

Geometry can contain inflection points, in which the curvature switches
from one side of the surface to the other.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 3
Connecting Style Curves

You can connect style curves to various entities in a model.
Connect style curves to:
Style curves.
Datum curves.
Surface and solid edges.
Surface features and solid surfaces.
Datum planes.
Tangent Edge Connection
Surface Curvature Connection
Surface Tangent Connection
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Connecting Style Curves Theory
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In order to create a curve that is connected to other entities, you need to

attach or snap the curve endpoint to another entity with a soft point. You can
then constrain the endpoint tangent vector as tangent, curvature, surface
tangent, or surface curvature.
You can connect style curves to the following entity types.
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Style curves.
Datum curves.
Surface and solid edges.
Surface features and solid surfaces.
Datum planes.
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When you snap a curve to an entity with a soft point, the snapped
curve is a child or follower of the curve to which it is attached. The
other curve is referred to as a parent or leader.
Manipulating Connected Points

When you move the location of the soft point along the entity to which it is
attached, the set tangency condition is retained.
You can connect the endpoint of a style curve to the endpoint of another
style curve or anywhere along the curve by constraining the tangent. You
can make the curve tangent-continuous or curvature-continuous.
You can make a curve, that is attached with a soft point, tangent or
curvature-continuous to edges, datum curves, and datum axes. A curve
connected to edges or datum curves will be a child of the selected
reference.
Module 6 | Page 4
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Connecting Style Curves

Scenario
Create style curves and connect them to various pieces of model geometry.
con_curve.prt
Con_Curve
Create a curve connected to a solid edge and datum curve.
Task 1:
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4. Right-click and select Set Active

Plane, then select the front face
of the model.
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3. Click Planar from the dashboard and in the Reference tab, edit the

edge of the arc as the start point.
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end of the datum curve as the
endpoint.
.
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Definition.
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9. Click Point from the dashboard

a then select the upper point of
the curve.
10. In the Point tab, edit the Length
Ratio value to 0, if necessary.
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and select Tangent.
12. With the Point tab still open,

select the lower endpoint of the
curve.
13. In the Point tab, edit the Length

Ratio value to 1, if necessary.
14. Right-click the endpoints
tangent handle and select Align.
15. Select the curve as the alignment
reference.
16. Drag the tangent handle to the
right, as shown.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 5
17. Click Tangent from the dashboard.

18. In the Tangent tab, edit the tangent length to 10.
Task 2:
Create a curve connected to a solid surface and datum curve.
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2. Right-click and select Set Active

Plane, then select datum plane
FRONT from the model tree.
3. Press SHIFT and select the arc

surface as the start point.

Definition.
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7. Select the lower endpoint of the

curve.
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datum curve as the endpoint.
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and select Normal.
9. Select the model face as the
normal reference.
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10. Drag the tangent handle to the

right, as shown.
11. Select the upper point, right-click

the tangent handle, and select
Surface Tangent.
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13. Click Done
Module 6 | Page 6
2008 PTC
Task 3:
Edit the geometry and observe how connected curves follow.

Sketch 1 and select Edit.
2. Edit the 12 dimension to 24 and
the 25 dimension to 12.
Extrude 1 and select Edit.
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5. Press CTRL + G to regenerate

the model.
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Notice that all style curve connections update with the geometry
they reference.
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2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 7
Understanding Style Curve Connection Levels

You can connect style curves using various levels of
connections.
Connection Levels
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Tangent
Symmetric (Tangent)
Curvature
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Symmetric (Tangent)
Tangent
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Curvature
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Understanding Style Curve Connection Levels Theory

You can connect a curve to another curve or surface using various levels of
tangency and curvature constraints.
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Level of Connections
You can connect a curve to another curve with the following levels of
connections.
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Tangent When you connect a curve as tangent-continuous, the endpoint

tangent has the same tangent direction as the parent curve at that point.
The parent curve remains unchanged. A tangent connection appears with
the single arrow icon.
Symmetric (Tangent) The symmetric connection is different than the
other connection types because the symmetry applied is only temporary.
The symmetry connection actually applies a symmetrical tangent
connection, with the initial tangent angles of the two adjoining curves set
to the average of the tangents at the endpoints. After the symmetry has
been applied, the connection becomes a standard tangent connection and
can be edited as such. There is no real symmetric connection applied
that stays with a connection.
Module 6 | Page 8
2008 PTC
Curvature A curvature-continuous curve is influenced by the curvature

value of the parent curve. The parent curve remains unchanged. A
curvature connection appears with the double arrow icon.
In the figures above, the default connection condition has been
edited to show the symmetric (tangent), tangent, and curvature
connections. A curvature plot is shown on the curvature connection
figure so that you can see the continuous curvature between the
curves.
Connecting to Surfaces/Planes
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You can connect a curve, that is attached to a surface with a soft point, as
tangent or curvature-continuous to the surface. A curve connected to a
surface will be a child of that surface.
When you connect a curve to a surface that is located on a common
boundary of two surfaces, you must select the surface to which it should
be tangent.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 9
Manipulating Curve Connections
You can manipulate curve connections to change the shape of

your design.
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Modify Connection Type
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Reverse a Connection: Change Parent/Child Relationship
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Modify Length and Direction of Connected Tangent Vectors
Manipulating Curve Connections Theory

Connections between curves influence the shape of the curves. You can
manipulate these connection to change the shape of your design.
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Modifying the Connection Type You can modify a connection from

tangent to curvature or curvature to tangent. To change the connection
type, use the dialog box or the shortcut menu.
Reversing the Connection You can change the parent/child relationship
of connected style curves by reversing the arrow direction. Click at the end
of the connection icon to change the arrow direction.
Modifying Tangent Lengths and Direction You can only modify the
tangent length of a child curve. However, you manipulate both the tangent
direction and length of a parent curve. This enables you to make relaxed
or tight connections.
Module 6 | Page 10
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Manipulating Curve Connections

Scenario
Connect curves using various connection levels.
manip_con.prt
Manip_Con
Task 1:
Manipulate the tangent connection between curves.
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1. In the model tree, select

CONNECT, right-click, and
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3. Select the left endpoint of the

curve.

Edit Definition.

and select Tangent.
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5. Drag the tangent arrow to modify

the length of the tangent vector.
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Notice that the parent curve on the left remains unchanged

as you drag the tangent arrow. Also, you can only modify the
tangent length as the tangent angle is controlled by the parent
curve.
6. Drag the tail of the tangent
arrow, located just to the left of
the connection point.
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Notice that dragging the tail

modifies both the tangent
angle and tangent length of
the parent curve.
7. Click on the tail of the tangent

arrow (left side) to reverse the
tangency.
8. Drag the tangent arrow to adjust
the curve shape.
Notice that the parent
curve has changed with the
change in tangent direction.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 11
Task 2:
Observe how the symmetric connection behaves.
1. Right-click either the arrow or tail of the tangent arrow and select
Symmetric.
Note that the shape did not change because symmetric tangent
connections can only be applied to the parent curve.
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2. Double-click the parent curve

(on the right) and select the
connection point.
3. Right-click either the arrow or tail

of the tangent arrow and select
Symmetric.
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4. Select the Tangent tab, notice

that the connection level listed in
the tab is Tangent.
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When you select Symmetric, you are not really applying

a symmetric connection level. You are applying a tangent
connection, with the initial tangent angles of the two adjoining
curves set to the average of the tangents at the endpoints.
After the connection is applied, it behaves as any other tangent
connection.
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5. Right-click the tangent arrow

and select Curvature.
6. Drag the curvature arrow and tail

to change the shape.
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Notice that you can

manipulate the curvature
connection in the same way
with the same limitations as
the tangent connection.
and Done
Module 6 | Page 12
2008 PTC
Connecting Surfaces
The shape of a surface is influenced by the boundary and
connection conditions applied to it.
Surface Connections
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Normal to Plane
Draft
Position (G0)
Tangent (G1)
Curvature (G2)
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G0 Position
G2 Curvature
G1 Tangent
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Connecting Surfaces Theory

You can apply surface connections to influence the shape of a surface.
Surface connections, like curve connections, are based on the concepts of
parents and children. A parent surface does not change its shape while a
child surface changes its shape to meet the parent.
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You can connect a style surface to:

Another style surface within the style feature.
Any solid, datum plane, or surface features constructed prior to the current
style feature.
To connect a surface to another surface, the relevant boundary curves must
be connected to one of the following entities.
Boundary curves of the surface.

Edges of the surface.
Directly to the surface.
Surface Connection Limitations

The following limitations apply when connecting surfaces:
Style surfaces can only be a follower of surfaces created in an earlier
feature.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 13
Style surfaces can only be connected if the relevant curves are connected
first.
Connection Types
You can apply the following connections to the boundaries of a surface:
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Normal The boundary curve that supports the connection is planar. All
the cross boundary curves have curve tangents normal to the plane of
this boundary. An arrow pointing from the connected boundary, but not
crossing the boundary, represents a normal connection.
Draft All cross boundary curves have draft curve connections at the same
angle to the reference plane or surface relative to the boundary. A dashed
arrow pointing from the common boundary represents the draft connection.
When geometry is joined at a common boundary, the surfaces can connect

at three different levels of continuity.
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Position (G0) Implies that the surfaces share a common boundary, but
that there is no shared tangent or curvature across the boundary. This is
represented by a dashed bar icon.
Tangent (G1) Implies that the two surfaces have a common boundary,
and that at every point along that boundary they are tangent to each other.
A single arrow icon represents the tangent connection. When a parent
surface changes its shape, the child surface adapts its shape to maintain
tangency with the parent. An arrow pointing from the parent to the child
represents the Tangent connection.
Curvature (G2) Implies that the surfaces are tangent-continuous across
the boundary and that they share curvature along the common boundary.
A double arrow icon represents the curvature connection. In a curvature
connection, the surface constraint follows the concept of parents and
children. When a parent surface changes its shape, the child surface
adapts its shape to maintain curvature continuity with the parent.
To attain a higher order of smoothness between the surface patches, you
can define the continuity as curvature-continuous or G2. You need to
create G2 surfaces for aesthetic or engineering reasons such as:
Exterior panels of automobiles that must have a shiny and glossy
surface finish, such as painted, chrome-plated, and glass surfaces.
(Class A surfaces.)
Products that need smooth surfaces to improve fluid-dynamic (or
aerodynamic) properties, like valves and flow meters.
The figures above display the surface connection icons and a
curvature plots for the position, tangent, and curvature connections.
Editing Connections
You can edit connections while editing the definition of a surface or by clicking
Surface Connect
from the style toolbar. Using Surface Connect
displays only connection icons for each selected surface. It does not display
the reference boundaries seen when using Edit Definition.
Module 6 | Page 14
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Connecting Surfaces

Scenario
Modify the surface shapes by editing surface boundaries conditions and
connections.
con_surf.prt
Con_Surf
Task 1:
Edit connections at a surface boundary.
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3. Select the far-left endpoint,

right-click the tangent handle,
and click Normal.
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2. Select curve CF-1026,

Definition.
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1. In the model tree, select Style

1, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
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4. In the model tree, select TOP as

the normal reference.
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7. Select the far-left endpoint, right-click the tangent handle, and click
Normal.
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8. In the model tree, select TOP as the normal reference.

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10. Click Surface Connect

and
select the highlighted surface
SF-1077.
11. Right-click the connection icon
at the far left and select Normal.
To make a boundary normal, you must edit the defining boundary

curves and then the surface connection at the boundary.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 15
Task 2:
Edit connections between surfaces.
1. Select the middle surface

SF-1078.
2. Select the surface connection
icon shown, right-click, and
select Tangent.
3. Click Yes to confirm connecting

curves will be edited accordingly.
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Notice that the connection

does not change and
displays the warning
message, The cross
curves are not connected
with the same continuity as
the connection.
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select Curvature.
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7. Drag the curve endpoints to

observe that the near endpoint
is not attached to a boundary of
the parent surface.
8. Press SHIFT and drag the near
endpoint, connecting it to curve
CF-1028, as shown.
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9. Click Point in the dashboard and

type a length ratio value of 0.
11. Select surface SF-1078,

Definition.

select Curvature.
Done
.
and

Module 6 | Page 16
2008 PTC
Understanding Surface Connection Order

When creating multiple style surfaces, the latest surface is
always a child of the previous surface.
Connecting Surfaces
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Latest surface is child of previous surface.

Connection influence is applied to the child surface.
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Curvature Arrows Pointing to Child
Yellow is Now Parent of Pink
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Understanding Surface Connection Order Theory

Because the influence of a connection is always on the child surface, the order
in which you create surfaces can have a significant effect on your design.
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Connecting Surfaces Appropriately
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While creating several adjoining surfaces, the Style tool makes the latest
surface become the child of the previous surface. You can modify the
parent/child relationship to avoid an undesirable influence and improve
surface quality.
You can modify parent/child references by editing references, connections,
and recreating surfaces.
The left figure above shows a surface that is a child of its
surrounding surfaces. Notice that the curvature icons are all
pointing towards it. On the right side, the parent/child relationship
has been modified so that the surface in yellow is not the parent of
the surface in pink. Again, notice that the curvature icon is pointing
towards the pink surface.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 17
Analyzing Continuity of Freeform Designs

Analyze the continuity of curves and surfaces to ensure a high
quality freeform design.
Analyzing Curvature
Curvature
Dihedral Angle
Sections
Shaded Curvature
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Curvature Analysis
Reflection Analysis
Shaded Curvature Plot
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Analyzing Continuity of Freeform Surfaces Theory
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As a designer, you can analyze surfaces for problems related to the tangency
and curvature of connected surfaces. Most of the freeform surface models
are made up of a series of interconnected surfaces that fit smoothly across
the entire shape. Surface analysis helps you achieve smooth freeform
shapes when designing consumer products.
Surface analysis is an iterative process, typically performed after curve
analysis to determine the surface quality. The surface, and its connections
with adjacent surfaces, must be of high quality.
Tools for Analyzing Continuity

Pro/ENGINEER provides various tools that you can use to analyze the
continuity of curves and surfaces:
Curvature Evaluates and displays the curvature of curves and surfaces.
Mathematically, the curvature is equal to 1/radius.
Dihedral Angle Displays the angle between the normals of two surfaces
that share an edge. You can use this to determine continuity during the
evaluation of neighboring surfaces.
Sections Evaluate surface continuity, especially across shared
boundaries.
Module 6 | Page 18
2008 PTC
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Shaded Curvature Evaluates and displays the smallest and largest

normal curvature for every point on a surface. Color values are assigned in
ranges to display curvature. Values towards the red and blue ends of the
spectrum indicate maximum and minimum curvatures, respectively.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 19
Using the Curvature Analysis Tool

You can use the curvature analysis tool to analyze curvature of a
curve or surface.
Curvature Plot
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Analyze curve or surface

smoothness.
Analyze curve or surface
continuity.
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Connected without Continuity
Connected with Tangent Continuity
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Connected with Curvature Continuity
Using the Curvature Analysis Tool Theory
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Curvature analysis enables you to determine the smoothness and continuity

of a curve or surface. You use the Curvature tool to graphically display the
curvature of selected curves or surfaces using a porcupine plot (equally
spaced lines that display the curvature of the surface). The line segments
of the plot are equally spaced, and their length is proportional to the surface
curvature at that point.
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When analyzing a surface, you can display the porcupine plot in two
directions. The porcupine curvature plot enables you to discover
discontinuities in curves or surfaces.
The Curvature Tool
While working in the Style tool, open the Curvature dialog box by clicking
Curvature
Curvature.
from the main toolbar or by clicking Analysis > Geometry >
You can define the following elements and options within the dialog box.
Geometry The Geometry collector enables you to add or remove curves
and surfaces from the analysis.
CSYS The CSYS collector enables you to set a reference for curvature
plot output. This is usually not necessary.
You can customize or edit your analysis using the following options.
Module 6 | Page 20
2008 PTC
Plot You can select Curvature, Radius, or Tangent type plots from the
Plot drop-down list.
Sample Control the sampling of your plot by Quality, Number, or Step
values from the Sample drop-down list. Adjust the sample values using
the wheel button or slider.
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The figures above show how the curvature plot along two connected
curves changes as the connection level between them changes.
When connected without continuity, the connection is not smooth.
With a tangent constraint added, the connection is smooth but
with a sharp acceleration in curvature.
With curvature continuity added, the connection is smooth with a
more gradual change in curvature.
Similar plots appear when you analyze a surface, however, the plot
appears in two directions across the surface.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 21
PROCEDURE - Using the Curvature Analysis Tool

Scenario
Analyze and edit the curvature of the model at its curve and surface
connections.
curvature.prt
Curvature
Analyze curvature along the model curves and surfaces.
Task 1:
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2. Click Curvature
, press
CTRL, and select the three
curves shown.
View List
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4. In the Curvature dialog box,

ENTER.
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3. Select FRONT from the Named
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Notice that the curvature accelerates sharply as the plot

transitions in and out of the smaller arc shaped curve. For styled
designs, a more gradual transition in curvature is desirable.
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5. Select Default Orientation from

the Named View List
6. Right-click and select Clear to

clear the three curves from the
geometry collector.
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7. Right-click and select Geometry

Collector.
8. Press CTRL and select the three

surfaces, as shown.
9. In the Curvature dialog box, edit the sample number to 3 in both
directions.
10. In the lower left of the Curvature dialog box, select Saved from the
drop-down list.
11. Click Accept
Module 6 | Page 22
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Edit curvature of the curve and surface connections.

Edit Definition.
2. Select the upper endpoint,
right-click the tangent arrow, and
select Curvature.
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Notice that the curvature acceleration at that connection is now

more gradual.
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right-click the tangent arrow, and
select Curvature.
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3. In the Graphics window, select

curve CF-1051.
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6. In the style tree, select SF-1068,

Definition.
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icon, right-click, and select
Curvature.
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9. Click Done
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Every point along the surface connection is now curvature

continuous.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 23
Using the Shaded Curvature Analysis Tool

You can use the shaded curvature analysis tool to graphically
display a surface curvature.
Shaded Curvature
Gaussian
Maximum
Mean
Section
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Using the Shaded Curvature Analysis Tool Theory

You can detect discontinuities in a surface based on the discontinuities that
appear in the shaded curvature plot.
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The Shaded Curvature Tool

While working in the Style tool, open the Shaded Curvature dialog box by
clicking Shaded Curvature

from the main toolbar or by clicking Analysis
> Geometry > Shaded Curvature.
Surface The surface collector enables you to add or remove surfaces
from the analysis.
You can customize or edit your analysis using the following options:
Plot You can select Gaussian, Maximum, Mean, or Section type plots
from the Plot drop-down list.
Module 6 | Page 24
2008 PTC
After selecting a surface to analyze, a Color Scale dialog box opens enabling
you read values assigned to colors in the plot, as well as edit the style of
plot being used.
Shaded Curvature Plot Types

You can use one of the following shaded curvature plot types when analyzing
surfaces.
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Gaussian Gaussian curvature is the product of the smallest and largest

normal curvature for every point on the surface. Shaded curvature displays
positive values (ridges), negative values (saddles), and zero values (for
example, cylinders and planes).
Maximum Shaded curvature displays the largest normal curvature at
every point on the surface.
Mean Shaded curvature displays the continuity between surfaces.
Section Shaded curvature displays the curvature of cross-sectional cuts
parallel to a reference plane.
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The figures above show shaded Gaussian curvature plots when no

continuity, tangent continuity, and continuous continuity conditions
are applied to surfaces connection.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 25
PROCEDURE - Using the Shaded Curvature Analysis

Tool
Scenario
Measure the curvature of connected surfaces using the shaded curvature
analysis tool.
shade_curve.prt
Shade_Curve

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4. In the Shaded Curvature dialog

box, slide the Quality bar to 100.
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2. Click Shaded Curvature

3. Press CTRL and select both
surfaces.
Analyze the curvature of the connected surfaces.
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Task 1:
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Notice that the maximum Gaussian curvature of the surface falls

within a range of -0.000720144 and 0.000530336. These values
are listed in the dialog box and shown in the color chart.
5. From the Plot drop-down list,
select Mean to display the
continuity between surfaces.
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6. In the lower-left of the Curvature

dialog box, select Saved from
the drop-down list.
7. Click Accept
from the
Shaded Curvature dialog box.
Module 6 | Page 26
2008 PTC
Task 2:
Edit the continuity between the surfaces.
1. In the Style tree, select surface

SF-1087, right-click, and select
Edit Definition.
2. Right-click the surface
connection icon between
the two surfaces and select
Curvature.
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5. Click Analysis > Saved

Analysis.
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Notice that after you change the connection to curvature, the

mean curvature range that appears left to right across the
surface connection is now more uniform.
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7. Click Done
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6. In the Saved Analysis dialog

box, click Hide Analysis
and
then close the dialog box.
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2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 27
Using the Dihedral Angle Analysis Tool

You can use the dihedral angle analysis tool to measure the
angle between the tangents of adjoining surfaces.
Dihedral Angle
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Analyze angle between tangents.

Check for continuity.
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Without Continuity
With Tangent Continuity
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With Continuous Continuity
Using the Dihedral Angle Analysis Tool Theory
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The Dihedral Angle analysis tool measures the angles between the tangents
of the adjoining surfaces along the common edge and returns a numerical
value. This is useful in determining whether two surfaces are tangent (G1), or
the extent to which they deviate from tangency.
The Dihedral Angle Tool
While working in the Style tool, open the Dihedral Angle dialog box by clicking
Analysis > Geometry > Dihedral Angle.
Edge The edge collector enables you to add or remove surface edges
from the analysis.
Module 6 | Page 28
2008 PTC

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The figures above show dihedral angle plots when no continuity,

tangent continuity, and continuous continuity conditions are applied
to surfaces. Notice that in both the tangent and continuous
continuity conditions, the maximum and minimum dihedral angle
along the edges is zero.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 29
PROCEDURE - Using the Dihedral Angle Analysis Tool

Scenario
Measure the dihedral angel between tangents of connected surfaces.
dihedral.prt
Dihedral
Task 1:
Analyze the dihedral angle along connected surfaces.
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2. Click Analysis > Geometry >

Dihedral Angle.
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5. Slide the Quality bar to 100.
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4. In the Dihedral Angle dialog box,

ENTER.
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3. Select the connecting edge, as

shown.
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Notice that in the dialog box and the Graphics window, the Max
dihedral angle is listed as 5.0 and the Min is listed as .1285.
6. Spin the model if necessary, to better view the analysis.
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drop-down list.
8. Click Accept
Edit the surface connection.
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Task 2:
from the Dihedral dialog box.
1. In the style tree, select surface

Edit Definition.
connection icon shown and
select Tangent.
Module 6 | Page 30
2008 PTC
5. Click Analysis > Saved

Analysis.
6. Select the analysis feature from
the list and click Edit Analysis
.
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7. In the Dihedral Angle dialog box,

ENTER.
from the Dihedral dialog box.

10. Click Done
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8. Click Accept
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Notice that the Max dihedral angle is now listed as 0. The

maximum dihedral angle for a tangent or curvature-continuous
connection is zero.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 31
Using the Reflection Analysis Tool

You can use the reflection analysis tool to graphically identify
inconsistencies in curvature.
Reflection Analysis
Lights
Angle
Spacing
Width
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Using the Reflection Analysis Tool Theory

You can use the Reflection analysis tool to simulate the reflection of light on
selected surfaces. The reflection analysis enables you to visually find surface
defects and sharp accelerations in curvature across selected surfaces.
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You can display curves that represent the reflection, due to linear sources
of light on a surface, when viewed from the specified direction. To view
changes in the shaded reflection, spin the model and observe the dynamic
changes in the display.
The Reflection Analysis Tool
While working in the Style tool, open the Reflection dialog box by selecting
Reflection
Reflection.
from the main toolbar or by clicking Analysis > Geometry >
Surface The surface collector enables you to add or remove surfaces
from the analysis.
You can adjust the reflection properties used in the analysis using the
following options.
Lights Specify the number of light bands applied to the surface.
Module 6 | Page 32
2008 PTC
Angle Adjust the angle of lights applied to the surface using the Angle
slider. The default is 90 degrees.
Spacing Adjust the spacing between the linear light source applied to
the surface.
Width Adjust the width of the linear light source applied to the surface.
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The figures above show a reflection analysis applied to surface

connections without continuity, tangent continuity, and continuous
continuity. While all three look very similar, you can see the
reflection across the connections gets smoother as the connection
changes from no continuity to continuous continuity.
2008 PTC
Module 6 | Page 33
PROCEDURE - Using the Reflection Analysis Tool

Scenario
Simulate the reflection of light on the surface.
reflect_curve.prt
Reflect_Curve
Task 1:
Apply a reflection analysis to the model surfaces.
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from the
2. Click Reflection
main toolbar.

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5. Spin the model and observe how

the reflection changes across
surfaces and their connections.
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4. In the Reflection dialog box, edit

the number of lights to 12.
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surfaces.
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Notice that the reflection curves do not transition smoothly

across the surface connection. This condition would not make a
visually appealing surface design.
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drop-down list.
7. Click Accept
Edit the surface connection to be tangent.
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Task 2:
from the Reflection dialog box.
1. In the style tree, select surface

Edit Definition.
connection icon between
the two surfaces and select
Tangent.
3. Click Yes to confirm that
connecting curves will be edited
accordingly.

that the reflection change across
surface connection is now
smoother.
Module 6 | Page 34
2008 PTC
Note that, while the reflection looks smoother across the

connection, the connection is still tangent (G1) continuous. This
is good enough for some designs, but usually not good enough
for styled designs such as consumer products, automobiles,
and so on.
Task 3:
Edit the surface connection to be curvature continous.
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1. Right-click the tangent surface

connection icon between the two
surfaces and select Curvature.
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that the reflection change across
surface connection is now
seamless.

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Notice that because the surface connection is now curvature

(G2) continuous, the reflection across the connection is
seamless.
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5. Click Done
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Module 6 | Page 35
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Module 6 | Page 36
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Integrating Style and Parametric Features
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Module Overview
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In this module, you first learn about parallel modeling and the benefits
provided by integrating style and parametric features. Next you learn to use
surfaces to define solid geometry. You learn to export style curve parameters
so that they can be edited outside of the style environment. You learn to use
a parametric framework to define and control your design. Finally, you learn
to manipulate style geometry using various edit tools.
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Objectives
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Understand parallel modeling.
Use surfaces to define solid geometry.
Export curve parameters for modification.
Reference a parametric framework.
Manipulate style geometry using edit tools.
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 1
Understanding Parallel Modeling

Parallel modeling is the term used to describe the integration of
style and parametric features within a design.
Integrating Style Features with
Parametric Features
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Parametric Framework
Style Curves and Surfaces
Adding Dimensional Control to
Style Features
Apply Solid Modeling Options
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A Style Feature Referencing

a Parametric Curve
Exported Style Dimensions, Edited

Outside of Style
Solid Surface Defined by

Style Surface
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Understanding Parallel Modeling Theory
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You can combine the advantages of parametric modeling and the flexibility
of freeform features by integrating style and parametric features. You may
develop style geometry, that is referenced to parametric geometry, so that
when you make a change to the parametric geometry, the freeform geometry
updates accordingly. You can also use style geometry as a base to develop
parametric features.
Integrating Style Features with Parametric Features
You can create curves and surfaces to best capture the design intent,
regardless of whether the curves and surfaces are style or a parametric
features. You need to integrate the style and parametric features so that
modifications to either update in a predictable manner. The following
describes many ways that you can combine style and parametric features.
Parametric Framework A parametric framework of sketched curves
and datum features is often used as reference for style features. This
framework provides an efficient method to parametrically add engineering
detail such as overall height, attachment locations, and so on to your
styled model. As the parametric features in the framework are modified,
referencing style features will update accordingly.
Module 7 | Page 2
2008 PTC
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Style Curves and Surfaces You can use style geometry as a reference
when creating various parametric features such as trajectories for sweeps,
curves used for trimming, surfaces to thicken, and so on.
Adding Dimensional Control to Style Features You can add
dimensional controls to style geometry by exporting style parameters or by
referencing existing parametric features.
Apply Solid Modeling Options You can apply solid modeling options
such as Copy, Transform, and Patterns to completed style features. You
can use the Warp tool to preform operations such as twisting and bending
of freeform geometry. Also, you can optimize freeform models using the
Behavioral Modeling (BMX) analysis tools.
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 3
Using Surfaces to Define Solid Geometry

You can use surfaces to define or manipulate solid geometry.
Integrating Style Features with
Parametric Features
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Thicken
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Parametric Framework
Style Curves and Surfaces
Adding Dimensional Control to
Style Features
Apply Solid Modeling Options
Replace Portion (Patch)
Replace Surface
Using Style Surfaces to Define Solid Geometry Theory
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You can use style surfaces to define solid geometry in a model. You can use
the style surface to add or remove solid material to a model.
Methods for using Style Surfaces to Define Solid Geometry
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You can use style surfaces to define solid geometry using any of the following
methods.
Depth Reference You can extrude a solid extrusion up to a selected
style surface.
Solidify You can use the Solidify tool to add or remove solid material
from a surface volume. You can add and remove material at the same time
by using the Replace Portion (Patch) option of the Solidify tool.
Thicken You can use the Thicken tool to add or remove solid material to
a specified distance normal to a surface.
Replace You can use the Replace Surface option in the Offset tool to
replace a solid surface with a single style surface.
Using the Replace Portion Option in the Solidify Tool

The Replace Portion option of the Solidify tool can simultaneously add and
remove material from your model. Because the feature can add and remove
material at the same time, all boundaries of a quilt being used as a replace
Module 7 | Page 4
2008 PTC
portion reference must lie on the solid surface. If this condition is not met, the
Replace Portion button will not be available in the Solidify dashboard.
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The Replace Portion option is sometimes referred to as the Patch

option.
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 5
PROCEDURE - Using Surfaces to Define Solid Geometry

Scenario
Use surfaces and various tools to define and manipulate solid geometry
in the model.
solid.prt
Solid
Reference a surface feature to remove material from the model.
Task 1:
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1. Select Extrude 3 from the model

tree.
2. Click Edit > Solidify.
Replace the flat solid surface with a styled surface.
1. Drag the Insert Indicator
so that it is located just above Shell 1.
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Task 2:
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3. In the dashboard, click Remove

Material
.
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2. In the model tree, expand Group TOP_SURF, select the four features
in the group, right-click, and select Unhide.
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feature Extrude 1 on the top
surface, move the mouse
slightly, and select that surface,
as shown.
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4. Click Edit > Offset.
5. In the dashboard, select

Replace Surface
from the
drop-down list and select the
surface quilt.
7. Click View > Visability > Reset

Status and click Repaint
Module 7 | Page 6
2008 PTC
Task 3:
Use the Replace Portion option of the Solidify tool to add geometry
to the solid surface.

the tree.
so that it is located at the bottom of
2. In the model tree, select Style 5.

4. In the dashboard, verify that
Use the Thicken tool to remove material from the model.
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Task 4:
6. In the model tree, select Style 5,

right-click, and select Hide.
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Replace Portion With Quilt

has been selected.
1. In the model tree, select Fill 1.

2. Click Edit > Thicken.
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3. Drag the depth handle until the

feature is 15 units thick.
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4. In the dashboard, click Change

Thickness Direction
twice,
so that the thicken operation
extends symmetrically about the
surface.
5. In the dashboard, click Remove

Material
.
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2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 7
Exporting Curve Parameters for Modification

You can export the parameters of a style curve so that they may
be modified outside of the style environment.
You can export the following style curve parameters.
Soft Point Locations

Endpoint Tangents
Offset Value of a COS
Radial Plane Location
Thicken
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Replace Surface
Exporting Curve Parameters for Modification Theory
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You can export certain curve parameters so that they can be modified as
dimensions outside of the style environment. If you edit the style feature,
an exported parameter will appear in the model as a dimension. You
can edit and regenerate these dimensions, the same as you would any
Pro/ENGINEER dimension.
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Exported Parameters
You can export the following curve parameters.

Soft Point Locations For soft point locations, you can export the
following parameters.
Length Ratio
Length
Parameter
Offset from Plane
Endpoint Tangents For endpoint tangents, you can export the following
parameters.
Length
Angle
Offset Value of a COS You can export the offset value of a COS.
Module 7 | Page 8
2008 PTC
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Radial Plane Location You can export the location of a radial plane
along its parent curve.
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 9
PROCEDURE - Exporting Curve Parameters for

Modification
Scenario
Export parameters from the style feature and edit their values outside of
the style environment.
export.prt
Export
Edit a dimension from a datum plane internal to the style feature.
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Task 1:

Style 1, and select Edit.
Export parameters from the style feature.
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Task 2:
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This dimension is from

a datum plane created
internal to the style
feature. Dimensions from
internal datum planes are
automatically exported to
the model level.
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3. Click Regenerate
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2. Double-click and edit the 200

dimension to 250.

2. In the style tree, select DTM1, right-click, and select Edit Definition.
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Notice that this datum plane is the internal datum plane that was
modified in the task above.
3. Click Cancel from the Datum Plane dialog box.
Edit Definition.
5. In the dashboard, click Point.
the endpoint, as shown.
7. In the Point tab, select the Value
check box, to export the Offset
from Plane parameter.
Module 7 | Page 10
2008 PTC
8. In the Graphics window,

double-click curve CF-131.
9. In the dashboard, click
References and select the
Value check box, to export the
length ratio of the radial plane.
10. In the dashboard, click Tangent.

13. In the Graphics window,

double-click curve CF-127.
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14. In the dashboard, click Tangent,

if necessary.
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12. In the Tangent tab, select the

Angle check box, to export the
Tangent Angle parameter.

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16. In the Tangent tab, select the

Angle check box, to export the
Tangent Angle parameter.
and
Edit dimensions that have been exported form the style feature.
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Task 3:
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Done
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select Edit.
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2. Edit the dimensions as follows.

Edit 95 to 50.
Edit 250 to 150.
Edit 270 to 250.
Edit 340 to 0.
3. Click Regenerate
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 11

select Edit.
5. Edit the dimension .5 to .25.
6. Click Regenerate
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Referencing a Parametric Framework

You can reference a framework of parametric features to define
and control style features.
Framework Geometry Examples
Sketched Curves
Datum Features
Solid Geometry
Parametric Surfaces
Controlling Datum Plane
After Framework is Modified
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Controlling Sketched Curves
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Referencing a Parametric Framework Theory
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You can define and control style features by referencing parametric geometry
such as sketched curves, datum features, solid geometry, parametric
surfaces, and so on. This enables you to control the crucial dimensions of
the style geometry as well as parametrically modify the model. Modifications
made to the framework will update referenced style geometry accordingly.
Framework Geometry Examples

The following are typical examples of how you can reference a framework
when creating style geometry.
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Sketched Curves You can create sketched curves to define crucial

controlling dimensions in your design. Curves and surfaces attached
to those curves will update as you make modifications to the framework
curves.
Datum Features As with solid modeling, you can use datum features
such as planes, points, and axes as references when creating style
geometry. The datums can define the size and location of style geometry in
your model.
Solid Geometry You can always use style features to reference solid
geometry that exists in your model. You can attach style curves to solid
edges and surfaces. You can create style surfaces using solid edges as
boundaries.
Parametric Surfaces Many styled designs do not contain all style
surfaces. You can incorporate and reference surface geometry, that you
create using parametric surfacing tools, as part of a models parametric
framework.
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 13
PROCEDURE - Referencing a Parametric Framework

Scenario
Reference the framework of the model to define and edit the model.
framework.prt
Framework
Task 1:
Create style features referencing the parametric framework.
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2. Press CTRL, select curves CF-570 and CF-573 from the style tree,
right-click, and select Hide.
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3. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and select datum plane UPPER
from the model tree.

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three endpoints of the sketched
curve Sketch 2, as shown.
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9. Select the left endpoint, right-click the tangent handle, select Normal,
and select datum plane MID.
10. Click Tangent and edit the tangent length to 25.
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11. Select the right endpoint,

select Normal and select datum
plane MID.
12. With the Tangent tab still open,

edit the tangent length to 25.
14. Right-click, select Set Active

Plane, and select datum plane
INTERNAL from the model tree.
two endpoints, at the end of the
sketched curves, as shown.
Module 7 | Page 14
2008 PTC

19. Right-click the curve and select Add Midpoint.
select Normal, and select datum
plane MID.
23. Press CTRL, select curves

CF-570 and CF-573 from the
style tree, right-click and select
Unhide.
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21. Select the lower endpoint,

select Normal, and select datum
plane BASE.
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25. Click Surface

, press CTRL,
and select the four boundary
curves shown.
26. Right-click, select Internal
Collector, and select the last
curve created.
and
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click Done
.
Task 2:
Edit the framework and observe how the style features update.
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1. In the model tree, right-click Sketch 1, and select Edit.
2. Edit the 39 dimension to 50 and click Regenerate
3. Right-click UPPER and select Edit.
4. Edit the 15 dimension to 30. This time press CTRL + G to regenerate.

5. Right-click Sketch 2 and select
Edit.
6. Edit the 40 dimension to 50, the
25 dimension to 50, and the 24
dimension to 25.
7. Click Regenerate

2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 15
Manipulating Style Geometry using Editing Tools

You can use various editing tools to manipulate a style geometry.
Typical Surface Editing Tools
Pattern
Merge
Mirror
Offset
Copy
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Mirrored Style Feature
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Patterned Style Feature
Merged Style Feature
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Manipulating Style Geometry using Editing Tools Theory

You can further define and manipulate style geometry using tools found in the
edit menu and toolbar. These tools are used outside of the Style tool, after
the style geometry has been completed.
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Typical Surface Editing Tools

The following is a list of typical editing tools that you can use to define and
manipulate style geometry.
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Pattern You can use the Pattern tool to quickly create patterns of style
and parametric features.
Merge You can merge style surfaces into single surface quilts. This
tool is especially useful when creating geometry that is formed by the
intersection of multiple style surfaces.
Mirror You can use the Mirror tool to mirror surface geometry when
creating symmetrical designs.
Offset The Offset tool is used to create surfaces that are interior or
exterior to the design surface. You can use this to define the opposite
material side or simply as a tool for creating designs.
Copy You can copy surface patches and quilts to other locations in a
design. This is helpful when reproducing the same shape throughout
a model.
You cannot mirror style curves and surfaces from within the Style
environment.
Module 7 | Page 16
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Manipulating Style Geometry using

Editing Tools
Scenario
Manipulate existing style geometry using editing tools.
edit_tools.prt
Edit_Tools
Task 1:
Pattern a style feature.
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Definition.
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2. In the Style tree, select curve OF-598, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
3. In the dashboard, select the Offset check box.
and click Done
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Selecting the Offset check box exports the style parameter,

associated with the offset curve, into the standard
Pro/ENGINEER modeling environment.
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5. With Style 3 still selected,

right-click and select Pattern.
6. Click the 4 dimension, type 6,

and press ENTER.
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7. In the dashboard, edit the

number of pattern members
from 2 to 5, and press ENTER.
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Task 2:
Create and pattern an offset surface.
and select Default Orientation.
2. Select Quilts from the drop-down list of the filter, located in the
lower-right of the window.
3. Zoom in and select the surface
from the first instance of the
pattern, as shown.
4. Click Edit > Offset.
5. Edit the offset value to .1 and
press ENTER.
2008 PTC
Module 7 | Page 17
7. With the offset surface still selected, right-click and select Pattern.
Task 3:
Merge and pattern the offset surfaces to the main surface.
1. Click anywhere in the Graphics window to de-select all geometry.
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2. Select the main surface of the

model, press CTRL, and select
the first offset surface, as shown.
3. Click Merge Tool

from the
Edit features toolbar.
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4. In the dashboard, click Flip First

Direction
, from the far left of
the dashboard.
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6. With the merge feature still selected, right-click and select Pattern.
and select Standard Orientation.
Task 4:
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9. In the model tree, right-click Pattern 1 of Style 3, and select Hide.

Mirror the model and merge both surfaces.
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1. Click anywhere in the Graphics window to de-select all geometry.

2. Select the main surface of the
model and click Mirror Tool
from the Edit features toolbar.
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3. In the model tree, select datum

plane MID.

halves of the model and click
Merge Tool
from the Edit
features toolbar.
Module 7 | Page 18
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Techniques for Creating Common Detailed

Shapes
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Module Overview
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Objectives
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In this module, you first learn how to create common detailed shapes that
are often used to finish up a styled design. Then, you learn various methods
for creating scoop and blend geometry. Finally, you learn how to create split
surface geometry.
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Create common detailed shapes.
Create scoops or bulges using intersecting surfaces.
Create scoops or bulges with definite boundaries.
Create scoops or bulges with blurred boundaries.
Create split surface geometry.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 1
Creating Common Detailed Shapes

You can use the Style tool to create detailed shapes commonly
found in styled designs.
Creating Detailed Features
Scoops
Bulges
Split or Tearing Geometry
Surface to surface intersections.

Using COS type curves.
Blurred boundaries.
Definite boundaries.
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Modeling Techniques
Scoop from COS Boundaries
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Intersecting Surface Bulge
Creating Common Detailed Shapes Theory
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You can use the Style tool to create common detailed shapes in style or
solid geometry designs. These shapes are typically the finer, more detailed
shapes added near the end of the design process.
Creating Detailed Features
Scoops Depressions of general or precisely defined shapes.

Bulges Protrusions on a surface that can be considered reverse scoops
from a construction standpoint.
Split or Tearing Geometry A recess with sharp edges, similar to those
found when material is split or torn.
Modeling Techniques
Surface to Surface Intersections You can use the resulting geometry
from intersecting surfaces to create scoop or bulge geometry.
COS Boundaries You can use COS type curves as boundaries to define
scoop or bulge surface geometry.
Module 8 | Page 2
2008 PTC
Fo
r
PT
C
In
te
rn
al
U
se
nl
Blurred Boundaries The shape of geometry with blurred boundaries is

controlled by tangency conditions and intersections of geometry rather than
specifically defined cross-boundaries.
Definite Boundaries To define the scoop or bulge of a specific shape,
you must define cross-boundaries that define the entire shape of the
surface.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 3
Creating Scoops or Bulges using Intersecting

Surfaces
You can intersect surfaces to add scoop or bulge geometry
details to a model.
Surface to Surface Intersection
se
nl
Merge intersecting surfaces.

Blend the intersection.
In
te
rn
al
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Two Surface Features
PT
C
Blended Intersection
The Surface Merge
Creating Scoops or Bulges using Intersecting Surfaces Theory
Fo
r
You can create geometry to form scoops and bulges by intersecting surfaces.
First define the independent bulge or scoop surface, then merge it with the
parent surface. The resulting surface defines a scoop or bulge that you can
use to define detailed geometry in a surface or solid model.
Blending the Intersection
You can use fillets or create style blends to smooth the transition between the
scoop or a bulge with the parent surface.
You may not be able to control the shape of the boundary of an
intersecting bulge. Therefore, this type of a construction technique
is useful only in situations where the resultant intersection does not
need to be defined by the design intent.
Module 8 | Page 4
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Creating Scoops or Bulges using

Intersecting Surfaces
Scenario
Create bulge geometry by intersecting surfaces, then use that geometry to
define solid geometry.
inter_surfs.prt
Inter_Surfs

al
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boundaries shown.
se
in the style
2. Click Surface
toolbar.
Create the scoop-shaped surface quilt.
nl
Task 1:
In
te
rn

Collector.

internal curves.
PT
C
7. Click Done
8. Edit the selection filter to Quilts.
Fo
r
9. Press CTRL and select the

second surfaces, as shown.
10. Click the Merge Tool
11. If necessary, click Flip First

Direction
and Flip Second
Direction
to define the
merge, as shown.
13. Select Style 1 from the model tree, right-click, and select Hide.
14. Spin the model to observe the completed scoop geometry.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 5
Task 2:
Add a round and thicken the quilt.
1. Start the Round Tool

the feature toolbar.
from
2. Select the edge of the scoop, as

shown.
3. Edit the radius to 15, press

ENTER, and click Complete
Feature .
nl
4. With the Quilts filter still on,

select the models surface.
5. Click Edit > Thicken to add

material to the surface.
Use the quilt to manipulate the shape of a solid block.
rn
Task 3:
al
U
se
6. Drag the depth in both directions

to create various thicknesses.
so that it is located at the bottom of
In
te

the tree.
2. Click Hidden line

, and notice the surface embedded in the
bottom of the solid block.
PT
C
3. With the Quilts filter still on,

select the surface quilt.
Fo
r
5. If necessary, click the yellow

direction arrow to reverse the
solidify direction, as shown.
7. Click Shading
and spin the
model to observe the removed
material.
If the extruded material was
on the other side of this
scoop, the solidify feature
would have created a bulge
of material.
Module 8 | Page 6
2008 PTC
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Definite

Boundaries
You can use scoop or bulge geometry with definite boundaries
to add detailed shape to a model.
Creation Technique
nl
Create upper and lower surfaces.

Create COS curves on both
surfaces.
Trim the surfaces as required.
Create defining cross-boundary
curves.
Create two boundary surfaces.
In
te
rn
al
U
se
Defined Cross-Boundaries
Dropped Curves - Trimmed Surfaces
PT
C
Two, Four Boundary Surfaces
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Definite Boundaries Theory
Fo
r
You can create scoops and bulges with definite boundaries to add detailed
shape to your model. The shape of a definite boundary surface is defined
by the cross-boundaries of the surface, rather than the tangent condition
at the edge of the defined surface.
A typical process used to create scoops or bulges with definite boundaries
is as follows.
Create or identify two surfaces in your model, one for the upper boundary
of the surface and one for the lower boundary.
Create COS type curves on the upper and lower boundary surfaces.
If necessary, use the COS type curves to trim the boundary surfaces.
Create cross-boundary curves, connecting the COS curves created in
the previous step.
Create a boundary surface defining the first half of the scoop or bulge
geometry.
Create a second boundary surface defining the second half of the scoop or
bulge geometry.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 7
PROCEDURE - Creating Scoops or Bulges with Definite

Boundaries
Scenario
Create a definite boundary scoop and use it to remove material from the
model.
def_bound.prt
Def_Bound
nl
in the style toolbar.

halves of the large sketched
circle.
In
te
rn
4. Right-click, select Surface

Collector, and select the upper
surface.
se
2. ClickDrop Curve
Drop curves and use them to trim the surfaces.
al
U
Task 1:
6. Click Surface Trim
and select the upper surface.
7. Right-click and select Curve Collector.
PT
C

halves of the dropped curve.
Fo
r
9. Right-click, select Delete

Collector, and select the
surface inside of the dropped
curve.

11. ClickDrop Curve
in the style toolbar.

halves of the smaller sketched
circle.
Collector, and select the lower,
offset surface.
Module 8 | Page 8
2008 PTC
and select the lower, offset surface.
16. Right-click and select Curve Collector.

halves of the smaller dropped
curve.
nl
Complete the sidewalls of the scoop.
rn

Plane, and select FRONT.
al
U

se
Task 2:

surface outside of the dropped
curve.
In
te
4. Press SHIFT and select

endpoints on each dropped
curve, as shown.
Definition.
PT
C

at each endpoint and select
Surface Curvature.
.
Fo
r

endpoints on each dropped
curve, as shown.

Definition.
at each endpoint and select
Surface Curvature.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 9

remaining boundary curves, as
shown.
nl
17. Spin the model to reorient as

required.
20. Click Done
PT
C
In
te
rn
21. Spin the model as required

to view the completed scoop
geometry.
al
U
se

boundary curves, as shown.
Fo
r
Module 8 | Page 10
2008 PTC
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Blurred

Boundaries
You can use scoop or bulge geometry with blurred boundaries
to add detailed shape to a model.
Creation Technique
nl
COS Boundaries
Internal Curves
Style Surface
Tangent Condition Control
se
In
te
rn
al
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Tangent Condition Control
Solidify to Remove Material
PT
C
Scoop Geometry
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Blurred Boundaries Theory
Fo
r
You can create scoops and bulges with blurred boundaries to add detailed
shape to your model. The shape of a blurred boundary is defined by the
tangent condition at the edge of the defined surface rather than by defining
boundary curves.
Create four COS type curves by either dropping or sketching them onto
the surface.
Create internal curves to further define the shape of your scoop or bulge.
Create a style surface referencing the curves.
Use the tangent condition of the curves and surface to control the blurred
boundary of the geometry.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 11
PROCEDURE - Creating Scoops or Bulges with Blurred

Boundaries
Scenario
Create a blurred boundary scoop and use it to remove material from the
model.
blur_bound.prt
Blur_Bound
Create internal curves for the new surface.
Task 1:
nl
1. In the model tree, right-click Style 1, and select Edit Definition.
se
In
te

Definition.
rn
5. Press SHIFT and select three

points, as shown. The points
should connect to both boundary
curves and the datum point
PNT0.
al
U
4. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and select FRONT.
7. Select an endpoint, right-click the tangent handle, and select Surface

Curvature.
PT
C
8. Click Tangent in the dashboard and edit the Tangent length to 30.
Leave the Tangent tab open.
Fo
r
9. Select the other endpoint,

and select Surface Curvature.
10. Edit the Tangent length to 30.

Plane, and select RIGHT.
points, as shown. The points
should connect to both boundary
curves and the datum point
PNT0.
Definition.
Module 8 | Page 12
2008 PTC
16. Select an endpoint, right-click

the tangent handle, and select
Surface Curvature.
17. Click Tangent in the dashboard
and edit the Tangent length to
30. Leave the Tangent tab open.
18. Select the other endpoint,
and select Surface Curvature.
nl
Create a surface and use it to remove material from the model.

al
U
se
Task 2:
19. Edit the Tangent length to 30.

boundary curves, as shown.
In
te
rn

Collector.

interior curves, as shown.
PT
C
6. Right-click each of the four

tangent icons and select
Curvature.
8. Click Done
Fo
r
9. With the surface still selected,

click Edit > Solidify.

Style 1, and select Hide.

PNT0, and select Edit.
13. Edit the 10 dimension to 25 and
click Regenerate Model
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 13
Creating Split Surface Geometry

You can add detailed shapes to your model using a split surface
feature.
nl
O
Free Curve Below Surface
In
te
rn
al
U
se
Create upper and lower

surfaces.
Create COS curves on both
surfaces.
Trim the surfaces as required.
Create defining cross-boundary
curves.
Create two boundary surfaces.
Creation Technique
Split Surface Geometry
Position Connections
PT
C
Creating Scoops or Bulges with Definite Boundaries Theory
Fo
r
You can create scoops and bulges with definite boundaries to add detailed
shape to your model. The shape of a definite boundary surface is defined
by the cross-boundaries of the surface, rather than the tangent condition
at the edge of the defined surface.
A typical process used to create scoops or bulges with definite boundaries
is as follows.
Create or identify two surfaces in your model, one for the upper boundary
of the surface and one for the lower boundary.
Create COS type curves on the upper and lower boundary surfaces.
If necessary, use the COS type curves to trim the boundary surfaces.
Create cross-boundary curves, connecting the COS curves created in
the previous step.
Create a boundary surface defining the first half of the scoop or bulge
geometry.
Create a second boundary surface defining the second half of the scoop or
bulge geometry.
Module 8 | Page 14
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Creating Split Surface Geometry

Scenario
Add a split surface to the existing geometry.
split_surf.prt
Split_Surf
Task 1:
Trim away material from the existing surface.
and then select the model surface.
3. Right-click and select Curve

Collector.

surface inside the curves.
Add a curve to define the split edge.
In
te
Task 2:
rn
al
U

curves.
se
nl

Definition.
PT
C
2. Click Free in the dashboard, if

necessary.
Fo
r

endpoints on each curve, as
shown.

Definition.

Add Midpoint.
6. Drag the point to the location
shown.
2008 PTC
Module 8 | Page 15
Task 3:
Create the split surfaces.

remaining boundary curves, as
shown.
nl
3. Right click the Normal tangent

icon on the upper boundary
of the surface, right-click, and
select Position.
9. Click Done
Fo
r
PT
C
In
te
rn
al
U
7. Right click both Normal tangent

icons on the upper and lower
boundary of the surface,
right-click, and select Position.
se

Module 8 | Page 16
2008 PTC
9
y
Module
se
nl
Creating Complex, High Quality Freeform

Models
al
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Module Overview
In
te
Objectives
rn
In this module, you first learn the importance of four-boundary surfaces in the
development of high-quality surfaces. Then, you learn a variety of techniques
for creating models using four-boundary surfaces. These techniques are
especially helpful in situations where there are fewer than four boundaries
present in the design.
Fo
r
PT
C

Understand the benefits of creating four-boundary surfaces.
Use the overbuild technique.
Use the create boundaries technique.
Use the void boundary technique.
Create a four-boundary rounded shape.
Create a triangular shape using four boundaries.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 1
Understanding Four-Boundary Surfaces

Four-boundary surfaces are often required to create high-quality
surfaces.
Four-Boundary Surfaces
High Quality
Flexibility
Creation Techniques
nl
Overbuild
Create Boundary
Void Boundary
In
te
rn
al
U
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Overbuild Technique
Void Boundary Technique
Create Boundary Technique
Creating High Quality Surface Models Theory
PT
C
Four-boundary surfaces are the most flexible and stable surfaces. You may
need to use them to create high-quality surface models if three-boundary
surfaces do not provide acceptable results. You may use three-boundary
surfaces in models but you should always analyze them for distortions and
unwanted high curvature zones.
Fo
r
You use four-boundary surface modeling to ensure:

High quality.
Flexibility to connect with other surfaces.
The connection type can be a leader or a follower.
Can have tangent and curvature continuity connections.
Connections with blend surfaces can only be a leader, not a follower.
Flexibility to connect with other surfaces.
You can add internal curves in two directions to refine shape.
You can only add internal curves to triangular surfaces in one direction.
Complex Surface Modeling Situations

You sometimes are required to create a high quality surface over an area
defined by less than four boundaries. You may also encounter situations
where you have to create rounded forms with more than four boundaries.
Module 9 | Page 2
2008 PTC
To deal with complex situations using the four-boundary surface modeling

approach, you can do the following.
When creating conceptual models without exact boundaries, you can use
the Overbuilding technique.
When you have exact boundaries, you can use the Create Boundaries
and Use a Void techniques.
Singularity in Triangular Surfaces
Fo
r
PT
C
In
te
rn
al
U
se
nl
Singularity refers to the specific location in a surface model to which a whole

row of points is drawn, causing distortion in the surface model. Triangular
surfaces inherently have singularity at the degenerate vertex. A shaded
curvature plot can detect any unwanted high curvature, which indicates an
area of distortion.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 3
Using the Overbuild Technique
nl
You can create a high quality, four-boundary surface larger than

required and then trim it to the required shape after completion.
Mirrored Surface
In
te
rn
al
U
se
Overbuilt Four-Boundary Surface
Finished Design
Merged Surface
PT
C
Using the Overbuild Technique Theory
Fo
r
You can create a high quality, four-boundary surface larger than required and
then trim it to the required shape after completion. You can trim the surface
back within the Style tool or using the Merge tool, outside of the Style tool.
Note that using this technique produces an intersection edge that
is a result of the intersecting surfaces. It is not a curve boundary
that you can control or edit. This may or may not meet your design
intent requirements.
Module 9 | Page 4
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Using the Overbuild Technique

Scenario
Create the top surface of a mouse using both three-boundary surfaces and
a four-boundary surface. Analyze and compare the surface quality of both
techniques.
overbuild.prt
Overbuild
Task 1:
nl
al
U
se

curves shown.
1. In the model tree, select Style

1, right-click, and select Edit
Definition.
2. Click Surface
Create and analyze three-boundary surfaces.
In
te
rn

curves shown.
PT
C
8. Click Done

Curvature.
Fo
r

style surfaces, as shown.
11. Observe the curvature plot.
from the
12. Click Cancel
Notice the spikes in curvature at the corners of the

three-boundary surfaces. This is an example of a
three-boundary surface that does not produce a high quality
surface. Surfaces with sharp changes in curvature may not meet
visual requirements of the design. These areas may also cause
problems when you try to offset surfaces in the design.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 5
Task 2:
Create and analyze the surface using the overbuild technique.
1. In the model tree, select Style 1, right-click, and select Suppress.

2. Click OK.
3. In the model tree, select Style 2, right-click, and select Resume.
Definition.
se
8. Click Done
nl

curves shown.
10. Select datum plane FRONT.

the Merge Tool
In
te
rn
12. Press CTRL and click both

halves of the surface, then start
al
U
9. With the surface still selected, start the Mirror Tool
PT
C
14. Press CTRL and click both

halves of the surface and then
start the Merge Tool
.
Fo
r
15. Click the yellow arrows to edit

their direction, if necessary.

Curvature.
18. Press CTRL and select the top
two surfaces, as shown.
Notice the smooth curvature
plot created from the
four-boundary surface.
19. Click Cancel

Module 9 | Page 6
2008 PTC
Using the Create Boundaries Technique
Create One Four-Boundary Network
PT
C
In
te
rn
al
U
Two Sets of Three-Boundary

Surfaces
se
nl
You can create new boundaries to form a series of four-boundary

curve networks.
Four-Boundary Surfaces
A Second Four-Boundary Network
Using the Create Boundaries Technique Theory
Fo
r
You often come across situations in which you have to use surfaces that
are not defined by four boundaries. The Style tool enables you to create
triangular surfaces directly, but in some cases the resulting surface quality
may not be desirable. In such cases, you can create an internal network of
curves that defines a large area as rectangular patches.
Note that you can fill the remaining three-boundary voids using a
number of techniques. In this example, you can fill the three-sided
void using the rounded shape technique.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 7
PROCEDURE - Using the Create Boundaries Technique

Scenario
Replace three-boundary surfaces with high quality four-boundary surfaces.
create_bound.prt
Create_Bound
Task 1:
Analyze the current surfaces of the helmet model.

Curvature.
nl

surfaces.
al
U
se
3. Click Cancel
from the
Notice the spikes in curvature at the corners of the

three-boundary surfaces. These are not high quality surfaces.
rn
Create additional boundaries for creation of four-boundary

surfaces.
In
te
Task 2:

Definition.
2. Press CTRL and select both surface features from the Style tree.
PT
C
3. Right-click, select Delete, and click Yes to confirm.

Fo
r
6. Click References and edit the offset value to 100.

points on the existing curves, as
shown.

Definition.
9. Right-click the tangent handle at
an endpoint, select Normal, and
select datum plane FRONT as
the normal reference.
10. Right-click the tangent handle at the other endpoint, select Normal,
and select datum plane FRONT as the normal reference.
Module 9 | Page 8
.
2008 PTC

curves shown.
Collector.
15. Select curve CF-15, shown in
red, as the internal reference.
nl
18. Right-click, select Set Active Plane, and select datum plane RIGHT.
19. Click References and edit the offset value to 300.
se
20. Press SHIFT and select two points on the curves, as shown.
al
U

Definition.
rn

at the upper endpoint, select
Normal, and select datum plane
FRONT.
In
te

the lower endpoint, and select
Surface Curvature.
PT
C

remaining curves shown.
Fo
r

between the surfaces and select
Curvature.
29. Press CTRL and select the lower

surface.
30. Click Curvature
31. Click Cancel

from the
32. Click Done
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 9
Spikes in curvature have been eliminated. You can fill the

remaining three-boundary void using the rounded shape
technique.
Fo
r
PT
C
In
te
rn
al
U
se
nl
Module 9 | Page 10
2008 PTC
Using the Void Boundary Technique
nl
You can trim away part of a surface, leaving a four-boundary void

that you can use to create a high quality four-boundary surface.
Trimmed Surface
New Four-Boundary Surface
rn
Final, High Quality Surface
al
U
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Dropped Curve
In
te
Using the Void Boundary Technique Theory
PT
C
If there is a triangular area in your surface model that you will eventually
remove or trim away, you may use this area to your advantage by trimming
away the triangular patch while dividing the curve network. You can also
trim away an area and rebuild it using a four-boundary surface. Using this
technique, you avoid having to create a triangular surface.
A typical process for creating a high quality surface using the void boundary
technique is as follows.
Fo
r
Create a COS type curve that you will use as a trimming reference.
Trim the surface, leaving a four-boundary void.
Create the four-boundary surface.
Note that if you can create the triangular surface created directly
with satisfactory results, then this technique may not be necessary.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 11
PROCEDURE - Using the Void Boundary Technique

Scenario
Use the void boundary technique to create a high quality surface.
void_bound.prt
Void_Bound
Offset the existing styled surface.
1. Select the styled surface and click Edit > Offset.
nl
2. In the dashboard, edit the offset value to 1 and press ENTER.
se
and YES to confirm.
3. Edit the offset value to 5 and press ENTER.

Task 1:
In
te
6. Click Cancel
from the
rn
5. With the surface still selected,

click Analysis > Geometry >
Curvature.
al
U
Notice that when the value is edited to 5, the preview geometry

(in yellow) no longer appears. This is because the surface
cannot be offset past 4 units.
Use the void boundary technique to create a higher quality surface.
Fo
r
Task 2:
PT
C
The large spike in curvature that appears in the right corner of

the model is the reason why the surface cannot be offset past
4 units.

Definition.
2. Click Drop Curve
and select
curve CF-42, as shown.

surface.
and select the surface.
6. Right-click, select Curve Collector, and select the dropped curve

that you previously created.
Module 9 | Page 12
2008 PTC

lower portion of the surface,
highlighted in red.

curves shown.
13. Click Done
al
U
14. Select the styled surface from

the Graphics window and click
Edit > Offset.
se
nl

between the surfaces and select
Curvature.
rn
15. Drag the offset handle in both

directions.
In
te
16. Edit the offset value to 55 in the

upward direction shown.
PT
C
Notice that the higher quality surface enables you to offset the
surface much farther, in both directions.

Curvature.
Fo
r

surface patches, as shown.
Notice that the surface no longer contains sharp changes in

curvature. It is now a high quality, very smooth surface.
20. Click Cancel
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 13
Creating a Four-Boundary Rounded Shape
se
nl
You can add curves and trim back the surface to create a
four-boundary rounded shape.
Trim using COS Curves
PT
C
In
te
rn
al
U
Create COS Curves
Four-Boundary Surface
Four-Boundaries after Trim
Fo
r
Creating a Four-Boundary Rounded Shape Theory

In many cases, a rounded surface that you create using three boundaries
will not meet the surface quality requirements of your design. In these
situations, you should add boundaries and create a four-boundary surface.
This technique enables you to fill the remaining void, after a rectangular curve
network has been used to divide a rounded shape.
A typical process for filling a three-boundary void, using a four-boundary

surface is as follows.
Create COS type curves as the third and fourth boundaries.
Trim away unnecessary portions of the surface.
Create a four-boundary surface.
Module 9 | Page 14
2008 PTC
PROCEDURE - Creating a Four-Boundary Rounded

Shape
Scenario
Fill the three-sided void with a four-boundary round shape.
round_shape.prt
Round_Shape
Create two boundary curves on the existing surface.
Task 1:
nl

Definition.
3. Click COS in the dashboard, if

necessary.
In
te
rn
al
U
4. Press SHIFT and select the two

endpoints shown.
The first endpoint is on the
back curve, CF-33.
The second endpoint is
located on the surface.
se

Definition.
PT
C

the far endpoint, select Normal,
and select datum plane FRONT.
.
Fo
r

9. Press SHIFT, select the two
endpoints shown.
The first endpoint is attached
to the end of curve CF-33.
The second endpoint is
attached to curve CF-40.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 15
Task 2:
Add the four-boundary surface.

select the surface.
and
2. Right-click and select Curve

Collector.

COS type curves previously
created.
se
nl

surface to delete, highlighted in
red.

curves shown.
PT
C
In
te
rn
8. Right-click the three connection

icons between the surfaces and
select Curvature.
al
U
Fo
r
10. Click Done
Module 9 | Page 16
2008 PTC
Creating a Triangular Shape using Four

Boundaries
Construction Surface and Boundaries
In
te
rn
al
U
Triangular Shape Curves
se
nl
You can create a temporary construction surface and use it to

create a triangular surface using four boundaries.
Trimmed Construction Surface
New Four-Boundary Shape
PT
C
Creating a Triangular Shape using Four Boundaries Theory

In many cases, a triangular surface that you create using three boundaries
will not meet the surface quality requirements of your design. In these
situations, you must add boundaries and create a four-boundary surface.
Fo
r
Sometimes it is necessary to create a temporary construction surface before

adding the additional boundaries.
A typical process for creating a construction surface and additional

boundaries is as follows.
Create a surface along the boundary that you will replace with two
additional boundaries.
Create COS type curves as the third and fourth boundaries.
Create the four-boundary surface.
Trim away unnecessary portions of the surface. You can trim away
unnecessary portions inside or outside of the Style tool, depending on
the situation.
2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 17
PROCEDURE - Creating a Triangular Shape using Four

Boundaries
Scenario
Create a temporary construction surface and use it to create a triangular
shape using four boundaries.
triangle.prt
Triangle
Create a construction surface and use it as reference when

creating a four-boundary triangle.
nl
Task 1:

Definition.

Definition.
rn
4. Press SHIFT and select the two

endpoints shown.
al
U
se
In
te
6. Right-click the tangent handle of

each endpoint, select Normal,
and select datum plane LEFT.
PT
C

curves shown.
.
Fo
r

12. Click COS from the dashboard
and then click to place two
endpoints on the surface.
Definition.
14. Press SHIFT and slide the upper
most endpoint until it snaps to
end of curve CF-71, as shown.
Module 9 | Page 18
.
2008 PTC

17. Press SHIFT and place two
endpoints, one at the end of the
last curve, the other at the end
of curve CF-71, as shown.
.
nl

22. Click Done
se
al
U
Task 2:

curves shown.
Eliminate the construction surface from the design.
rn
1. Select both surfaces and start

the Merge Tool
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2. Right-click and select Join.

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4. Select the surface and click Edit

> Trim.
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5. Click Datum Plane Tool

and select datum plane RIGHT
from the model tree.
6. Press SHIFT and drag the offset
handle until it snaps to the style
curve endpoint, as shown.
7. Click OK from the dialog box.

the dashboard.
from
9. If necessary, click the yellow

direction arrow on the model, to
change the direction of the trim,
as shown.

2008 PTC
Module 9 | Page 19
Copyright
Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0
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Copyright 2008 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

User and training guides and related documentation from Parametric Technology Corporation and its
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The software described in this document is provided under written license agreement, contains
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Pro/NETWORK ANIMATOR, Pro/NOTEBOOK, Pro/PDM, Pro/PHOTORENDER, Pro/PIPING,
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Pro/PLASTIC ADVISOR, Pro/PLOT, Pro/POWER DESIGN, Pro/PROCESS, Pro/REPORT,

Pro/REVIEW, Pro/SCAN TOOLS, Pro/SHEETMETAL, Pro/SURFACE, Pro/TOOLMAKER,
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Patents of Parametric Technology Corporation or a Subsidiary
Registration numbers and issue dates follow. Additionally, equivalent patents may be issued or
pending outside of the United States. Contact PTC for further information. 5,771,392/23-June-1998;
(EP)0240557/02-October-1986;
5,423,023/05-June-1990;
4,956,771/11-September-1990;
5,058,000/15-October-1991;
5,140,321/18-August-1992;
5,297,053/22-March-1994;
5,428,772/27-June-1995;
5,469,538/21-Nov-1995;
5,469,538/21-November-1995;
5,506,950/09-April-1996;
4,310,614/30-April-1996;
5,513,316/30-April-1996;
5,526,475/11-June-1996;
5,561,747/01-October-1996;
5,526,475/6-November-1996;
5,557,176/09-November-1996;
5,680,523/21-October-1997;
5,689,711/18-November-1997;
5,771,392/23-June-1998;
5,838,331/17-November-1998;
5,844,555/01-Dec-1998;
5,844,555/1-December-1998;
5,850,535/15-December-1998;
4,310,615/21-December-1998;
4,310,614/22-April-1999;
6,275,866/14-Aug-2001;
6,275,866/14-August-2001;
6,308,144/23-October-2001;
6,447,223B1/10-Sept-2002;
6,473,673B1/29-October-2002;
PCT
03/05061/13-Feb-2003;
6,545,671B1/08-April-2003;
GB2354683B/04-June-2003;
GB2354683B/04-June-2003;
6,580,428B1/17-June-2003;
GB2354685B/18-June-2003;
GB2354684B/02-July-2003;
6,608,623B1/19-August-2003;
6,608,623B1/19-August-2003;
6,625,607B1/23-September-2003; GB2354924/24-September-2003; GB2384125/15-October-2003;
GB2354686/15-October-2003; GB2353376/05-November-2003; GB2354096/12-November-2003;
GB2353115/10-December-2003; 6,665,569B1/16-December-2003; (KO)415475/6-January-2004;
GB2388003B/21-January-2004;
GB2365567/10-March-2004;
EU0812447/26-May-2004;
GB2363208/25-August-2004;
GB2366639B/13-October-2004;
7,006,956/28-February-2006;
7,013,246B1/14-March-2006; 7,013,468/14-March-2006; (JP)3,962,109/25-May-2007.
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are copyrighted software of Adobe Systems Incorporated. The Pro/ENGINEER Digital Rights
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CETOL is copyrighted software of Sigmetrix, LLC. Pro/ENGINEER Tolerance Analysis Extension powered by CETOL Technology.
I Run and ISOGEN are copyrighted software of Alias Ltd.
Word, FrameMaker, and Interleaf filters. Copyright 2000 Blueberry Software. All rights reserved.
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and only bundled as part of the product. CambridgeDocs is not distributing additional software
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Larson CGM Engine 9.4, Copyright 1992-2006 Larson Software Technology, Inc. All rights
reserved.
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Microsoft Jet, Microsoft XML, Technology "Powered by Groove", Microsoft SQL Server 2005, Visual
Basic for Applications, Internet Explorer and Portions compiled from Microsoft Developer Network
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of Microsoft Corporation.
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Fatigue Advisor nCode libraries from nCode International.
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Corporation. Oracle programs provided herein are subject to a restricted use license and can only
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PDFlib software is copyright 1997-2005 PDFlib GmbH. All rights reserved.
Proximity Linguistic Technology provides Spelling Check/Thesaurus portions of certain software
products, including: The Proximity/Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag Database. Copyright 1997
Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag. Copyright 1997, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology,
Inc.; The Proximity/C.A. Strombertg AB Database. Copyright 1989 C.A. Strombertg AB.
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Inc. Database. Copyright 1994 Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Copyright 1994, All
Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology, Inc.; The Proximity/Hachette Database. Copyright 1992
Hachette. Copyright 1992, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology, Inc.; The Proximity/IDE
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1990 Merriam-Webster, Inc. Copyright 1984, 1990, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology,
Inc.; The Proximity/Merriam-Webster, Inc./Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Database. Copyright
1990 Merriam-Webster Inc. Copyright 1994 Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Copyright
1994, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology, Inc.; The Proximity/Munksgaard International
Publishers Ltd. Database. Copyright 1990 Munksgaard International Publishers Ltd. Copyright
1990, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology, Inc.; The Proximity/S. Fischer Verlag Database.
Copyright 1983 S. Fischer Verlag. Copyright 1997, All Rights Reserved, Proximity Technology,
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Proximity Technology, Inc.
Certain license management is based on Elan License Manager 1989-1999 Rainbow Technologies,
Inc. All rights reserved.
PDEFIT 1995-2002 Dr. Klaus Schittkowski.
MuPAD OEM kernel, version 3.2.1 (Mathsoft Kernel) 2005 by SciFace Software GmbH & Co. KG.
TetMesh GHS3D provided by Simulog Technologies, a business unit of Simulog S.A.
HOOPS graphics system is a proprietary software product of, and is copyrighted by, Tech Soft
America, Inc.
TECHNOMATIX is copyrighted software and contains proprietary information of Technomatix

Technologies Ltd.
TIBCO ActiveEnterprise, TIBCO Designer, TIBCO Enterprise Message Service, TIBCO Rendezvous,
TIBCO TurboXML, and TIBCO BusinessWorks are provided by TIBCO Software Inc.
Parasolid is copyrighted software of UGS Corp, a Siemens group company.
VisTools library is copyrighted software of Visual Kinematics, Inc. (VKI) containing confidential
trade secret information belonging to VKI.Technology "Powered by WebEx" is provided by WebEx
Communications, Inc.
Certain graphics-handling portions are based on the following technologies:
nl
JPEG: This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group.
GIF: Copyright 1989, 1990 Kirk L. Johnson. The author disclaims all warranties with regard to
this software, including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness. In no event shall the
author be liable for any special, indirect, or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever
resulting from loss of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence, or other
tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
PNG: Copyright 2004-2006 Glenn Randers-Pehrson.
se
TIFF: Copyright 1988-1997 Sam Leffler, Copyright 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. The
software is provided AS IS and without warranty of any kind, express, implied, or otherwise,
including without limitation, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
In no event shall Sam Leffler or Silicon Graphics be liable for any special, incidental, indirect, or
consequential damages of any kind, or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data
or profits, whether or not advised of the possibility of damage, or on any theory of liability, arising
out of or in connection with the use or performance of this software.
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XBM, Sun Raster, and Sun Icon: Copyright,1987, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
ZLIB: Copyright 1995-2004 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler.
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Sentry Spelling-Checker Engine copyright 1994-2003 Wintertree Software, Inc.

Portions of software documentation are used with the permission of the World Wide Web Consortium.
Copyright 19942006 World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights
Reserved. http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal. Such portions are indicated at their points of use.
Copyright and ownership of certain software components is with YARD SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
LIMITED, unauthorized use and copying of which is hereby prohibited. YARD SOFTWARE
SYSTEMS LIMITED 1987. (Lic. #YSS:SC:9107001)
**********
LAPACK libraries used are freely available at http://www.netlib.org (authors are Anderson, E. and
Bai, Z. and Bischof, C. and Blackford, S. and Demmel, J. and Dongarra, J. and Du Croz, J. and
Greenbaum, A. and Hammarling, S. and McKenney, A. and Sorensen, D.).
Certain software components licensed in connection with the Apache Software Foundation and/or
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Expression, Commons-FileUpload, and XML Beans
IBM XML Parser for Java Edition, the IBM SaxParser and the IBM Lotus XSL Edition
DITA-OT - Apache License Version
IzPack: Java-based Software Installers Generator (http://www.izforge.com/izpack/start)
JakartaORO (as used with Jena Software)
NekoHTML and CyberNeko Pull Parser software developed by Andy Clark Copyright, Andy
Clark. All rights reserved.
Lucene (http://lucene.apache.org)
Quartz (scheduler) Copyright 2004-200x OpenSymphony (http://www.opensymphony.com/quartz/)
Jetty Copyright Mortbay.Org (http://www.mortbay.com/mbindex.html)
Google Web Toolkit Copyright 2007 Google
U3D Library Copyright 1999 - 2006 Intel Corporation

antlr-2.7.0.zip - ANTLR parser and lexer generator, version 2.7.0; Provided pursuant
to: ANTLR 2 License http://www.antlr.org/license.html.
The Boost Library - Misc.
C++
software from http://www.boost.org; Provided pursuant to:
Boost Software License
http://www.boost.org/more/license_info.html and http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.
PDFBOX Free software provided pursuant to the BSD license at http://www.pdfbox.org/index.html
- Features.
Eclipse
SWT
is
distributed
under
the
Eclipse
Public
License
(EPL)
(http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.php) and is provided AS IS by authors with no
warranty therefrom and any provisions which differ from the EPL are offered by PTC. Upon
request PTC will provide the source code for such software for a charge no more than the cost of
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The following software is incorporated pursuant to the BSD License (or a similar license):
iCal4j is Copyright 2005, Ben Fortuna, All rights reserved.
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Dojo Copyright 2005, The Dojo Foundation, All rights reserved.
All Rights
Jaxen (shipped as part of dom4j) Copyright 2003-2006 The Werken Company.

Reserved.
XMP (eXtensible Metadata Platform) technology from Adobe - Copyright 1999 - 2007, Adobe
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Redistribution and use of the above in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: (i) Redistributions of source code
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Telnet
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(StatusPeer.java,
TelnetIO.java,
TelnetWrapper.java,
TimedOutException.java), Copyright 1996, 97 Mattias L. Jugel, Marcus Meiner, is redistributed
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eXist, an Open Source Native XML Database, is redistributed under the GNU LGPL. You may
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Java Port copyright 1998 by Aaron M. Renn (arenn@urbanophile.com),

is
redistributed under the GNU LGPL. You may obtain a copy of the source code at
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May include Jena Software Copyright 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Hewlett-Packard
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CUP Parser Generator Copyright 1996-1999 by Scott Hudson, Frank Flannery, C. Scott
Ananianused by permission. The authors and their employers disclaim all warranties with regard
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organization dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available. ImageMagick
is freely available without charge and provided pursuant to the following license agreement:
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ICU Libraries (International Components for Unicode) Copyright 1995-2001 International Business
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iText Library - Copyright 1999-2006 by Bruno Lowagie and Paulo Soares. All Rights Reserved
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METIS, developed by George Karypis and Vipin Kumar at the University of Minnesota, can be
researched at http://www.cs.umn.edu/~karypis/metis.
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tiff-v3.4-tar.gz - Libtiff File IO Library version 3.4:
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ftp://ftp.sgi.com/graphics/tiff) Used by the image EFI library;
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pcre-4.3-2-src.zip - Perl Compatible Regular Expression Library version 4.3. http://www.pcre.org;
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lpng120.zip - PNG image library version 1.2.0.
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Curl software, Copyright 1996 - 2005, Daniel Stenberg, <daniel@haxx.se>. All rights reserved.
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OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
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OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE. Except as contained in this notice, the name of a copyright holder shall not be used in
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written by Philip Hazel, and copyright by the University of Cambridge, England. This software is
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Regular Expressions support was derived from copyrighted software written by Henry Spencer,
Copyright 1986 by University of Toronto.SGML parser: Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997,
1998 James Clark, 1999 Matthias Clasen.
XML parser and XSLT processing was developed using Libxml and Libxslt by Daniel Veillard,
Copyright 2001.
libWWW (W3Cs implementation of HTTP) can be found at: http://www.w3.org/Library; Copyright
1994-2000 World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institut
National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, Keio University).
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at: http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright-software-20021231.
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distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See W3C
License http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal for more details. Copyright 1995 CERN. "This
product includes computer software created and made available by CERN. This acknowledgment
shall be mentioned in full in any product which includes the CERN computer software included
herein or parts thereof. "Perl support was developed with the aid of Perl Kit, Version 5.0. Copyright
1989-2002, Larry Wall. All rights reserved.
The cad2eda program utilizes wxWidgets (formerly wxWindows) libraries for its cross-platform UI
API, which is licensed under the wxWindows Library License at http://www.wxwindows.org.
zlib-1.2.1.tar.gz - Zip compression library version 1.2.1. http://www.gzip.org/zlib; Provided pursuant
to: Zlib.h License.
ATLPort copyright 1999, 2000 Boris Fomitchev is provided by the copyright holder "as is" with
absolutely no warranty expressed or implied. Permission to use or copy this software for any
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License may be obtained at http://www.opencascade.org. The Initial Developer of the Original Code
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Certain Pro/TOOLMAKER functions/libraries are as follows:
CSubclassWnd version 2.0 - Misc. C++ software; Copyright 2000 NEWare Software.
STLPort - C++ templates; 1999,2000 Boris Fomitchev; Provided pursuant to: STLPort License
http://stlport.sourceforge.net/License.shtml.
ZLib - Compression library; Copyright 1995-2005 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler; Provided
pursuant to: ZLib License. http://www.gzip.org/zlib/zlib_license.html.
Zip32 - Compression library; Copyright 1990-2007.
Info-ZIP; Provided pursuant to: Info-ZIP License http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/license.html.
Inno Setup - Installer package; Copyright 1997-2007 Jordan Russell; Provided pursuant to Inno
Setup License. http://www.jrsoftware.org/files/is/license.txt.
7Zip - Compression package; Copyright 1999-2007 Igor Pavlov; Provided pursuant to 7-Zip
License http://www.7-zip.org/license.txt.
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T2178-360-01
Date
Description
08/29/2008
Initial Printing of:

Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire
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Document No.
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Copyright 2008 Parametric Technology Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

About PTC University

An innovative learning methodology - PTCs Precision Learning

Instructor-led Training (ILT) - The ideal blend of classroom lectures,

PTC Telephone and Fax Numbers

Education Services Registration

Technical Support, License Management, Training & Consulting

Please refer to http://www.ptc.com/services/training/contact.htm for contact

Topics are introduced through a short presentation, highlighting the key

After the course, a Pro/FICIENCY assessment is provided in order for you to

Precision Learning After the Class

A Pro/FICIENCY assessment from the course content that generates a

Precision Learning Recommendations

For Students: How to Use this Course Handbook

Running Course Handbook Procedures and Exercises

An example of a Procedure is shown below, but Exercises follow the same

The following gives a brief description of the items highlighted above:

means that you should display datum

Two other items of note for labs:

Saving Saving your work after completing a lab is optional, unless

Introduction to the Freeform Surface Modeling Process

Advanced Tools and Techniques for Defining Freeform

Introduction to the Freeform Surface Modeling Process . . . . . . . . . .

Understanding Freeform Surface Modeling Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Creating Initial Freeform Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Developing Freeform Surface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Using Multiple Curves as a Single Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Advanced Tools and Techniques for Defining Freeform Shapes . . . . 5-1

Creating Smooth Freeform Surface Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Integrating Style and Parametric Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Techniques for Creating Common Detailed Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Creating Complex, High Quality Freeform Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

Freeform Surfacing using Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 is designed for users

As the instructor, you are responsible for teaching students how to

After completing this module, you will be able to:

Software Versions Used

Applicable Help Documentation

Recommended Course Delivery Schedule

Instructing Students How to Use the Course Materials

Instructing students how to use the course materials is important because

Delivering Lectures Using the Course Content

Discuss what each topic is and why it is important. You can do so by

Encourage students to ask questions, but do not hesitate to ask them to

Delivering Demonstrations Using the Course Content

Your demonstrations are meant to concentrate on showing your students

Also, do not hesitate to answer advanced or off-topic questions for a particular

Facilitating Lab Exercises

Be sure that C:\users\student\Freeform_WF4 class directory is set as the

Deliver the course on schedule.

Introduction to the Freeform Surface

After completing this module, you will be able to:

Introduction to Freeform Surface Modeling

Shapes with high curvature.

Introduction to Freeform Surface Modeling Theory

Geometric shapes with high curvatures, or curvature in two directions.

Common Freeform Surface Modeling Scenarios

You receive an e-mail attachment with the concept sketches of a molded

Understanding Surface Modeling Paradigms

Freeform Surface Modeling: