(gusan geh)

I
, ,
, , --
, .
: gusan (gowsan, kowsan) , , , ,
, , gusanakan (gowsanakan, k-) , ,
gusanamut , gusanutiun ,
( . . , ), gusanamol
, gusan-erg [NB I, 582; , 1838, 294;
Bedrossian, 1875-79, 128]. mgosani ,
. .
gusan .-. *gsn [HAB I, 597-598].

: (*gsn-i
navgar, . . k-) - ( ,
).
, , : uniygar ( .-. huniygar)
rmigar. gsn [gwsn] .
Gyn wifrs [Boyce, 1957, 11; Durkin-Meisterernst, 2004,
168] 1. gsn
usin / awsena ( -, ).
,

- (1920-2006).
The Parthian gsn and Iranian Minstrel Tradition (1957 .)
Encyclopdia Iranica (2002 .). , .
gsn,
(a Parthian word of unknown derivation) [Boyce, 2002, 167].
,
, ,
.
,
, (), 2:8,
, : ()
(
) ( :


, ).
( , 19:35). ()

. ,
: Aydgr Zarrn (
) - Draxt Asrg ( ) [Boyce,
1957, 18, 31; Boyce, 1983, 1157, 1160].
1

: () (kam te
lsicem takawin z-jayn gusanac ew varjakac).
(I. 14)
, ,
(i pokunc
omanc ew yannanic aranc i gusanakann ays gtani ooveal i diwani arkuneac) [
, 1981, 58; , 1990, 28].
V , ,
. III, XIX (
, ,
). C ,
, (),
, , -,
(ew mpin and gini bozok ew varjakok ew gusanok ew katakok)
[ , 1987, 76; , 1953, 40].
V, VII ( , , ,
, , ).

(), .
, , ,
, , ,
, (stapeac z-na ew
mxitareac, ew urax anr z-na gusanok) [ , 1987, 318; , 1953,
160]. , , V, XXXII (
, , ).

-,
,
(ew min der tagaworn Pap z-uraxutean ginin unr i matuns iwr,
ew nayr nd psps ambox gusanacn) , ,
(ew minc der berann i
baakin r y-mpeln, ew aokn y-araj koys puceal hayr nd psps amboxs gusanacn)
[ , 1987, 354; , 1953, 178].
(V ) ( 17:
, )
, . :

. ,
, ,
(
,
),
.

, , ,
. ,
, ,

[, 1952 (2), 33-34].
. .
,
... (

 ,
,

, .
, )
[, 1952 (2), 72]. () (),
( ). ,

- , ,
( ,
,
) [, 1952 (2), 75-76] 2.
, ( ).
648 ( )
, . ,
-, - , ,
, ,
, [, 1952 (2), 77].
(VII .) I, XXVI
( , , ,
, 12)
, , , :
(), .
(ew aynk, or koc dnen, z-tanutern ew z-gusansn,
kapescen ew i durn arkuni tarcin ew patuhas i veray dicen, ew ntanikn z-het artasowel mi
ixescen) [ , 1983, 92]. . . ,
, [ , 1984, 58, 192].

(IX-X .)
(dass gusanac :
, ) (. 8: )
[ , 1985, 458; , 2001, 214, 467].

. (.
, XIII .)
( 45) , ,
(
. )
[ , 1958, 51].
, . 2000
. , .
.
entirely speculative [Boyce, 1957, 14, . 6], , -
, . .
,
, (
), ,
,
. . (, , , , ,
, ) [, 1952].
2

 (XII-XIII .)
( 350) ( , ()
, ? ,
, ) [, 1956, 140] ( 282),
, (
. ).

. (ark
Xratakank, XIII) ()
, [Boyce, 1957, 14, . 4].

: (gusanutiwn),
[Boyce, 1957, 14, . 5].
(Vasn arbecoac ew gusanac) , ,
,
[Russell, 1987, 442, 467].
. ,
.
, . , ,
- (gusan ergecik diwakan) [Boyce,
1957, 14].
,
. , ,
(XVII .) :
,
( I, . 31), --
( I, . 40), -, ,
( II, . 24) [ , 1969, 79, 90, 140]
(XVII .)
( , )
(, 9) , 1660 :
. .
.
. .
.
, -
-, -,
(
, -, vobergak jaynarku ,
, . , ). ,
-,
. , . . ,
/ . . ( ,
, kusank gusank
g k ) ( ,
, II.60) [, 1952, 282-283, 499-501].
,

 , .
,
. . ( ) 3,
,
, ,
. 4

. () 5,
,
, ,
.
,
.
, , ,
. 15 ,
, () ,
.
, .

. ,
[Avdoyan, 1993, 34-37, 75-79, 87-88].

[Kennedy, 1904, 309-314; Avdall, 1836, 331-339] 6.

. (9:23)
.
. , , , .
, . ()
( mgosnebi < mgosan+ . . . ebi) [Blake, 1933, 50].
(I. )
(XI .): mgosanni glovisani , -,
( , I, 53) (mgosnebi, Q40,1. 25)
II (), [Thomson,
1996, 63].

.
- (XII .) ,
, ,
[Amiran-Darejaniani,1958, xiv]. ()
,
(, XII .) (mushaithi ) (
, , , 2.119),
-, .-. *kra-pati- .
gisawor , ,
; , -,
.
5
; , , ,
.
6
. ,
, , ,

(, III.II. 27-28) [, 1993, 70].
3
4

 ,
[The Man in the Panthers Skin, 1912, 20].
,
( ) .
( XII ),
. .
( ) (XIII
.) .
(XVII .)
(2.12) ,
( mgosnebi) ,
[, 1988, 229]. XVII .
( ), I (1589-1663),
, I ,
13 (26 . .) 1624
, , ,
:
, (13).
.
*gsn [gwsn, N^>8{] g-,
,

Gyn wifrs ( , 4, 80) [Boyce, 1957, 11;
Durkin-Meisterernst, 2004, 168].
: ,
, (awgn gsn k hasnagn
ahrdrn ud kawn hunar wifrsd ud xwad wi n kard . ,
. ).
. 1988 () 1997 ().
, , *gsn
: wd byd (m)nhg hynd (g)[w](s)n * ky hsyngn hrdrn (w)[d q]wn
hwnr wyfrs(y)d * wd [wxd]ywyc ny kryd * ( M5561+M5562 v 7:
(g)[w](s)n, M847 v 9: [gw](s)n, M4350 v 7: [gws](n) ) [Sundermann, 1997].

7 M5561+M5562 verso
( ,
). : Digitales Turfan-Archiv
(Die Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften).
gsn gsn.
.
, ( ) (--, . 40-41)
[Lidzbarski, 1915, 164-166].

. ,
, .
, , (-,

),
. , ,
, , , ,
, , .
Asfar Malw (
), (gsn),
( , ,
, ) [Lidzbarski, 1915, 164].
- -
gsn al-jsan wa al-jawsina ( . . .)
[Lidzbarski, 1915, 165; Hoffmann, 1874; Thesaurus syriacus, 1879, 685],

. ( -
, X .) sin
. ./awya (*awsina) , *jsn/*jawsina.
*jsn - gsn
1968
( . - ) [Tafazzoli,
1968, 410-411].
, , (
V, 421-439), gregis ludiorum //, cum ludiis et
parasitis [Hamza Isfahani, 1864, 54-55; 1868, 40]. ,
, III, (632-651), mille spadones
) [Hamza Isfahani, 1864, 63; 1868, 47].
-
:
,
, , .
. (...)
,
. : ,
? :
- , 100
, .
7 .
12000 , .
, .
8 [Gilsenbach, 1993, 23].
6F

7F

, ( V .), (
).
8
, ()
, , ,
(omba, om . .) (: , , ) - ,
. ama
.
, . amara, amaru , ,
, , amarin , am- ( ), (
). :
amra , amaama , -.
() [Goeje, 1913,
2].
7

 ksn ksn,
, .
: 9 (XI .) (ksn-i
navgar, . k-) - ( ,
).

,
.
,
(Mh) . ,
, , , .
,

Akaft-i Dvn ( ) ,
([ ) , 1983, 317-321; Ws
o Rmn, 1865, 218-220]. , ,
: () * . :
*
*
(),
() ():
*

k- kf, g- gf. g-
gf ( g-
k-), ,
10.
, , ,
, , , .
, , [Bailey, 1934, 514],
, -, , (a minstrel) [Minorsky, 1946,
750].
,
mgosani [Visramiani, 1914, 205]. 38-
, .
, , , , (mutribi , : the court singing girls). ( mgosani ) 11 12.
, () [, 1968, 151].
9F

10F

1F

, : .
g- (),
gsn gusan.
11
. mgosantha
mutribtha [Visramiani, 1914, 23].
12
: : ,
, . . ,
. , .
9

10

, gsn
.
(1972 .) ,
,
[Avery, 1973, 86, 87],
,

[Rougemont, 1983, 65]. (Mankn, ,
), ,
.
, - ( , 1126 ., XII
.) ,
[Mohl, 1841 (II), 515-516, 534]:
, ,
(), ,
(ksn), 13 ()
( - ). 12
(), , (, , )
, ,
.





.


,
( ),
[, 1984, 340-341].
( ) , ,
- (Ksn al-Arman), - (, ),
(199.8) (IX .) -
[Justi, 1895, 169; Baldhuri, 1916, 312]. ,
.
ksn gusan
XIX

, ,

[Stackelberg, 1894, 495].
gusan

, 1927 1932 .
.
, , , !
, , [, 1968, 151].
13
, .

. , ,
gusan .-. *gsn [HAB I, 597-598].
. gusan (. gowsan)
. govasan , ,
( w v, . gov , govel ,
govaban , govi , govasanakan ) [HAB IV, 630].
.
, ,
, (
),
,
( ), (), ,
v v ,
gvsn gsn [,
1989, 160-161]
.
, ,
, ,
.

gusan. .-.
*gheu- , .
, ,
gusan , ga , ga
, (
) [Boetticher, 1850, 352]. . . gha , ; ;
, ; , gho- , ghoana ; , ,
ghoavant ; . , ghati ,
, gha , *gheu () [KEWA, 363-364; EWAia I, 518-519].
, , , Gosche , , . gov,
govest (govem ) , . .

*gau , [Cheung, 2007, 115]
( . gao-, g- , . .-. g , .-. niy(x)idan
, gsrd , . ni- , niag , ,
ab , , ) .-. *g(u)eus- (ghous-) ;
, [LIV, 200; IEW, 454]. ,
*gaub [Cheung, 2007, 113-114] ( .-.
gaub- , .-. gw- , . guftan; ) 14.

. , ,
-. *gheu c bh (*gheu-bh) *gheu-s
[Kent, 1950, 182].
. , *gheu- *gheu-bh- .-. gaub, *gheu-s-, , [KEWA, 364].

, w- , . wxtan
[Ghilain, 1939, 68], . *ua [Cheung, 2007, 402-404] .-.
*ueku- [LIV, 673; IEW, 1135].
14

 gsn 15 *gheu-s- ,
.
,
, (. . gea ,
, , ; gaya ,
, . . - , , r- , , AirWb 591-521),
, , (
16 : ii-
, , ; ,
13.105, AirWb 521) 17.
, ,
gusan .-. *keh2u- (ku-, ku-) ,
.
1934 . . gsn, . gusan .
ksn / ksn, . g-
, , ,
gsn ( ) [Bailey, 1934, 514-515].
gsn . gs .
, , . mgosani . gos
-- [, 1840, 278].
, grat military
cloak, d- g-
-ast -at, gos ,
, ksa-
ks , grat *gurat- (.
gurat shirt) . kurat.
, , . ,
, *godsli .
[, 1986, 477], , -
g(i), g(i), g , , [IEW, 355].
16
( ) .

, ( -) ( 10.89).
17
( , 105) , ,
, , ,
. . . . garhayim/*garhayem
[, 1993, 44-52]
[Prikhanian, 1988-1989, 29-36]. . . garhayim,
, .
: .
(. .: garhayicis , . III, IV)
(. .: garhayeloy iwr yui yararacsn , II,
3). ,
gahry-, .
, ,
, ,
, , .
gahrdanft ; (.
gahrdanft pride, vanity, gahry- to boast, exult, be proud, .-. gahriyngar
boaster [Durkin-Meisterernst, 2004, 162]). gahry-,
. , . ii-, *ry, ; (, . ryati
..), a- . *(y)-,
*g()-, *g()-, *g- , , , . .-. gajati , . giedti , . gayati , . .-. glgy (*gza- + gy-) ,
. . niy- , , -. ggha- , . gyatr- , , .
afn , , (<*abi-gna-) [, 1993, 50-51].
15

 , gusan
, . kwsn gsn,
ksn, . mgosan-i
[Bailey, 1955, 11, . 6].
gos ( : koz) 18 [NB I, 573],
( ) 19 ( . . goser
), (XII .), . .
. ks , (. . kws) [HAB I, 582;
Hbschmann, 1897, 264; Hbschmann, 1881, 663]. ,
*gs.
ks, kstan , (.
. ks-) [MacKenzie, 1971, 51] .
g- , gs
*ks ks, .
kosi [Visramiani, 1914, 28, 44, 47, 389].
gos . . gosk, goser gosner,
gosaharel [, 1838, 288, 292],
tmbowk
, . . . tmbowkner , : tmbakahar .
tumbag
(tumbak) .
. ks ( ) , ,
20, . . ks-i subh ( ) , ksdr ( )
. -t, . .
kst ( ), , [Steingass, 1963, 1061-1062]
kstan , . kstan
, 21 . *ka(H)us
[Cheung, 2007, 228], .-. *keh2u- (ku-, ku-)
, [LIV, 345; IEW, 535].
gos ,
*gs, . ks, , ,
. . gsn. gsn
,
. , -,
, -, - ks ,
(, kstan , )
[Durkin-Meisterernst, 2004, 215] 22. ,
-
( . ama),
19F

20F

21F

*ksag , , , ,
ksa kawsaj.
: gosak, kosak g k [Asatrian M., 2006, 101].
19
, 900.
20
. ks , . ku , ,
al ( kugugal) , . (AssDict,
1971, vol. 8).
21
ksa, ksaj ( ), , , , ks (( ))
, , ksa , . .
22
, : - ( ), . qws (ks)
[Henning, 1940, 57].
18

 , . . amara , . am- (
), ( ). , , ,
() , ,
.-. *ks . , -

.

.
. -
XI , XV - (.
, k , au q )
[Albright, 1976, 221; 1987, 741] 23. , ,
.
, , , ozan
gsn (ozan < gsn) [Bagz, 2001, 229-236; Piras, 2009, 113; , 1977, 3].
, , , ,
[Perry,
2011, 90]. ()
,
, , (. :
) -
(, ),
- ,
,
[Russell, 2009].
, ,
. , . .
, . .
, , , .
, . .
,
, - .
( , -, ),
, ,
( ( ) ,
), bdguz(r) narrator rerum
gestarum, ,
[, 1909, 8; 1909 (II), 8, 12; Goeje, 1879, 182-183; Vullers, 1855, 164; Steingass,
1963, 140]. (S. M. Stern) , bd gurt
, tellers of windy stories,
aykrt . ., .. aykr / aydgr [Stern, 1970, 412; Asatrian, 2006, 97],
.
1845 Denkschriften - ,
[Isztachri, 1845, 65].
, ,
. *buzand
V (
, ),
[buzandaran
2F

23

, .

patmutcyunkc]. 1947 .
, : bhu-, bhav- ,
, , , , ,
. zand , (. . zantay- /zantav- , ,
), , (banastec).

,
bav-, bu- (AirWb, 927) [ , 1987, 418-419].
. ,
-
buzand (bouzand) Biwzand (Biuzand),
*bzand
*bava(t)-zanti- , / [Prikhanian, 19881989, 37; Prikhanian, 1986, 653-658; Prikhanian, 1986 (II), 279] 24. C . zandvf,
zandbf ; ; , ; ,
. *zntw , song-sayer, . zand (znt, zntyh,
znth <. -zanti-) ; ;
zntwh mr , singing
bird [Henning, 1939, 104-105] 25. (Pawstos Biuzand),
, .
,
, (hoom) .
*bava- (, , ),
, , . bhva
bhvana , , .
II
geh () (: gih, goh, gex) , ,
, [NB I, 582]
.
( 17:43), ,
(
. ).
, gehik () ( . ,
; ), gehkanal , ( .
, ), gehoren . .
[HAB I, 600],
( . glexi ,

[Garsoan, 1989, 14; Mah, 1992, 414; Russell, 1996, 30; Russell, 1999, 449; Traina, 2001, 412; Lint van, 2012,
185]. . : It is regrettable that Prof.
Anahit Prikhanians explanation of Arm. buzand, generally considered to mean Byzantine, from an unattested
Iranian compound *bavat-zanta-, hence epic history, supposition unsupported by solid evidence, has gained
uncritical acceptance [Russell, 2005, 189].
25
, . zant
(. zanda-, AirWb 1662, ; ) (
18.55; 61.3). / ;
.-. zandk/zandg , , (. , ),
zand , ; , (<. zantay-/zanti/zantav-, AirWb 1660) , , zan- (AirWb 1659) [Nyberg,
1974, 229]. . zanda- ; . [Bailey,
1943, 171; Mollayi, 2001, 79-80].
24

 26, . gurh , . qara , ). gurh (

.-. grh , , ), ,
( groh c kroh, grox
[HAB I, 606]).
*greh, .-. grehag
[*gryhcg] , ( , ) [DurkinMeisterernst, 2004, 164] 27. .-. , ,
: grh , gristag (
).
. - , , ,
, ( nmna- ) ,
( ) , 15.47 (AirWb 522-523):



( ),
(),
().
-
, 3.10),
( ),
( ) ( ),

(
, 3.7).
, ,
, , ,
(
, 7.23-24).
. - , , : gh , , , grta- , ,
.-. *gard, .-. gl ,
, ; , , gl-kan . : ggal
( *garduv-<gard-) (DKS, 81), ga ye *garganta- (DKS, 78).
. .
(Glmn Dumbwandi), KZ 24 (
.-. ), () () [, 2010,

. , , ,
. , gehik
glexi [, 1971, 436].
27
,
. ,
. grhcg gryhcg
: Ernst Waldschmidt, Wolfgang Lentz, Die Stellung Jesu im Manichismus (p. 112),
. gur, gara (=h-i zindn , )
gristag [Henning, 1937, 83]. .
, [Sundermann, 2003, 220],
.-. graag , [Durkin-Meisterernst, 2004, 163]. grih
(knot),
, (mud) [Durkin-Meisterernst, 2004, 164]. ,
. grih/greh .
26

90], (Garddtak) 11
/ [, 2010, 87].
. . -
*gard , . . gardh , , (gardha ,
, gardhin , ) [Cheung, 2007, 106], .-. *g(w)eldh(gheldh-) , , ,
, , [LIV, 185; IEW, 434]. ,
, , , , , -,
*gart to turn (, ) [Cheung,
2007, 110], .-. ger- drehen, winden (, )
[IEW, 385]. grih .
*graH [Cheung, 2007, 122] .
granth , granth .-. ger- [IEW,
386]. .-. ger- [IEW, 383]
zusammenfassen, sammeln (, ) . grma ,
, , grma, grmy , , ,
, grmka , . grmulas , , .
.-. grh , , .-. .
gra- , [Brandestein, Mayrhofer, 1964, 122].
*gravava- [Nyberg, 1931, 84].

AirWb Bartholomae Chr., Altiranisches Wrterbuch, Strassburg, 1904.

Albright, 1976 Albright Ch. F., The Azerbaijani shiq and His Performance of a Dstn //
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220-247.
Albright, 1987 Albright Ch. F., EQ, in Azerbaijan, Iran, and the Republic of Azerbaijan, a
poet and minstrel who accompanies his singing on a long-necked, fretted, plucked
chordophone known as a sz // Encyclopdia Iranica. Vol. II, Fasc. 7, 1987, pp. 741-742.
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Traditionally Ascribed to Mose Khoneli. Translated by R. H. Stevenson, Oxford, 1958.
Asatrian, 2006 Asatrian M., Iranian Elements in Arabic: the State of Research // Iran and the
Caucasus, Vol. 10, No. 1, Yerevan, 2006, pp. 87-106.
Avdall, 1836 Avdall J., Memoir of a Hindu Colony in Ancient Armenia // The Journal of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal. Vol. V, No. 54, June, Calcutta, 1836, pp. 331-339.
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Historical Investigation, Critical Translation, and Historical and Textual Commentaries, by
Levon Avdoyan, Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993.
Avery, 1973 Avery P., Vis and Ramin by Fakhr ud-Dn Gurgn. Translated by George
Morrison. The Persian Heritage Series. New York and London: Columbia University Press,
1972; // The Middle East Journal, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Winter, 1973), Washington, D.C., pp.
86-88.
Bagz, 2001 Bagz I., From gosan to ozan // Turcica, Vol. 33, Paris, 2001, pp. 229-236.
Bedrossian, 1875-79 Bedrossian M., New Dictionary of Armenian-English, Venice, 1875-79.
Boetticher, 1850 Boetticher P., Vergleichung der armenischen Consonanten mit denen des
Sanskrit // ZDMG, Bd. 4, Leipzig, 1850, Ss. 347-369.
Bailey, 1934 Bailey H. W., Iranica (II) // Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland, No. 3 (Jul., 1934), London, 1934, pp. 505-518.
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Lectures. Oxford, 1943.

Bailey, 1955 Bailey H. W., Ariana (Dress and Equipment) // Orientalia Suecana, Vol. IV,
Uppsala, 1955, pp. 1-18 ( : Donum Natalicium H. S. Nyberg
Oblatum, Uppsala, 1954, pp. 1-16).
Baldhuri, 1916 The Origins of the Islamic State. Being a translation from the Arabic,
accompanied with annotations, geographic and historical notes of the Kitb Fut al Buldn
of al-Imm abu-l Abbs Amad ibn-Jbir al-Baldhuri by Philip Khri itti, Vol. I, New
York, 1916.
Blake, 1933 Blake R. P., The Old Georgian Version of the Gospel of Matthew from the Adysh
Gospels with the Variants of the Opiza and Tbet Gospels. Edited with a Latin translation //
Patrologia Orientalis, Volume 24, I, Paris, 1933.
Boyce, 1957 Boyce M., The Parthian gsn and Iranian Minstrel Tradition // JRAS, Vol. 18,
pt. 1-2, London, 1957, pp. 10-45.
Boyce, 1983 Boyce M., Parthian writings and literature // The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol.
3 (2). The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian periods. Edited by E. Yarshater, Cambridge,
1983, pp.1155-1166.
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minstrel. // Encyclopdia Iranica. Vol. XI, Fasc. 2, 2002, pp. 167-170.
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Wiesbaden, 1964.
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Etymological Dictionary Series. Edited by Alexander Lubotsky. Vol. 2). Leiden-Boston,
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