Printer and Network

4TH ASSIGNMENT FOR SEMESTER 1

Ak Abd Harith bin Pg Abdul Rahim

HND in Communications and Computer System Engineering CCSE | Group 3 | Intake 29

Types of printer:
Inkjet printer Laser printer Dot-matrix printer Thermal printer

Stages troubleshooting laser printer:

Printer not working: Check that printer is switched on, plugged in and online Check cables , device driver, switch box (should not use with LaserJeet printer) Check/Change CMOS printer type setting. LaserJet printers sometimes cannot establish communications when attached to a switch box

Paper Jam: It can be caused by cheap paper, wrong type of paper, or paper that was stored or loaded improperly. Most paper jams happen in the paper pickup area

LaserJet 20 Mem Overflow error or bottom on page not printed out: Pc or printer needs more memory

Print Output Slow:

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Upgrade printer, add more memory, or faster processor to printer

Output garbled or corrupted: Update printer driver, check CMOS, and printer settings

Poor quality:
Toner/Ribbon low, cheap/wrong paper

Laser memory errors: Theres likely not enough memory for the print job

Blank pages:
OPC drum, corona transfer wire improperly seated or damaged

Networked printer problems: Check printer to make sure it is shared, properly configured, has correct latest printer driver, has enough disk space on print server for print spooler, and that spooler service is not stalled or off

Why we are still using DOT Matrix Printer:

The main reason why people still use dot-matrix printers is that because they use an impact technology they can be used with multipart forms. The pressure of the needle against the ribbon is
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transferred through the top copy to the carbon paper or carbonless paper beneath it.

It is more tolerant of the hot and dirty operating conditions found in many industrial settings. Its simplicity and durability of the design allows users who are not computer literate to easily perform routine tasks such as changing ribbons and correcting paper jams. This printer uses pin feeders and tractor feeder with continuous paper to prevent skewing.

Types of ports or interface used to connect the printer to PC:

USB Parallel Port 3 types of ports are used to connect the printer and PC o 9-pin o 24-pin o 48-pin

PRINT server:
A print server is a software application, network device or computer that manages print requests and makes printer queue status information available to end users and network administrators. Print servers are used in both large enterprise and small or home networks. In a large organization, a single dedicated computer serving as a print server might manage hundreds of printers. In a small office, a print

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server is often a specialized plug-in board or small network device about the size of a hub that performs the same function as a dedicated print server, but frees up valuable disk space on the office's limited number of computers.

Computer network:
It is a group of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitate the communications among users and follows users to share resources

Why use computer network:

Computer networks help users on the network to share the resources and in communication. Advantages Resource Sharing Increased Storage Capacity Increased Cost Efficiency Disadvantages Security Issues Rapid Spread of Computer Viruses Expensive Set Up Dependency on the Main File Server

Peer to Peer and Server Based (client server) network:

Peer to peer is an approach to computer networking where all computers share equivalent responsibility for processing data. Peer-topeer networking (also known simply as peer networking) differs from client-server networking, where certain devices have responsibility for providing or "serving" data and other devices consume or otherwise act as "clients" of those servers.
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The term client-server refers to a popular model for computer networking that utilizes client and server devices each designed for specific purposes. The client-server model can be used on the Internet as well as local area networks (LANs). Examples of client-server systems on the Internet include Web browsers and Web servers, FTP clients and servers, and the DNS.

Operating systems that use peer to peer or server based network:

Windows 2000 Server/Advanced Server/Datacentre Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 Standard/Enterprise/Datacentre/Web Server/Small Business - Microsoft Linux FreeBSD 7.0 Mac OSX Server v10.4 Apple NetWare 6.5 Novell Solaris 10 Sun Microsystems HP-UX 11i v 1.6 & HP-UX 11i v 2 Hewlett Packard IRIX 6.5 SGI ARIX 5L 5.2 IBM

5 different services used in computer network:

Local Area Network : The computers are geographically close together (in the same building). Usually used by small organizations. Wide Area Network (WAN): The computers are farther apart and are connected by Internet. Campus Area Network (CAN): The computers are within limited geographic area, e.g. campus and military base.

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 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A data network designed for town or city. Personal Area Network (PAN): A network contained within a users home that connects a persons digital device.

Needed to setup small LAN:

Ethernet adapter Ethernet hub Adapter cards Cables IP adresses

Network topology:
Bus Ring Star Tree Mesh

There are advantages and disadvantages to each type of network topologies. The advantage of Bus Topology is it easy to use and the disadvantage you can only use a limited amount of stations. The advantage of the Ring Topology is you do not need a central server and the disadvantage is the nodes affect the whole network. The advantage of Star Topology is that it is easy to use and the disadvantage is if the central hub goes down,it affects the whole network. The advantage of Mesh Topology is that you can transmit data from a node to other nodes simultaneously. The disadvantage is there are too many connections that are not needed.

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Networking devices used to create LAN and WAN:

LAN Devices Hub LAN card Switch Gateway Repeater

WAN Devices Routers IDSN Adapters CSU/DSU Bridges Modems Router

Media and connector used in BUS, STAR and RING topology:

BUS Topology RG-58 STAR Topology RG-45

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Attenuation:
Attenuation is the gradual loss in intensity of any kind of flux through a medium.

The topology bandwidth in LAN:

100Mbps to 1000Mbps

Simplex : One way Communication

Data in simplex is always one way. Simplex channels are often used because it is not possible to send back error or control signals to the transmit end.

Half-Duplex: 2 way communication, one direction at a time

A half duplex channel can send and receive but not at the same time. It is like a one-lane ridge traffic must give way in order to cross. Only one end transmits at a time, the other end receives. In addition, it is possible to perform error detection and request the sender to retransmit information that arrived corrupted.

Full duplex: 2 way communication simultaneously

Data can travel in both directions simultaneously. Theres no need to switch from transmit to receive node like half duplex. It is like a two lane bridge on a two lane highway.

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