Zhongwen Tomo 6

6
CIP
/ .
2006.12
ISBN 7-81029-701-5
.
.
.
. H195
/ 0086-10-68320122
/ 0086-20-87206866
/
/ 0086-20-85221583
1997 6 1
2006 12 2
787mm1092mm
1/16
2006 12
10.25
1996
48
1224 AB1219976
19991156020002003

http//www.chinaqw.com
http//hwy.jnu.edu.cn

1997
5248
1 2 1
1996

2001
1988
14
12314

116
66
112
5
145
14
5

1997
1986

16

2006628
Preface
Zhongwen (Mandarin Chinese Language) course materials of trial edition were

written for overseas Chinese and their children in 1996 by College of Chinese
Language and Culture, Jinan University, under the commission of Overseas Chinese
Affairs Office of the State Council of Peoples Republic of China. The entire course
materials consist of 48 books, including 12 text books, 24 exercise books (book A and
book B), and 12 teacher s reference books. Publication started in June, 1997 and
completed in November, 1999 with more than 5.6 million copies distributed up to this
day. However, supply was not able to keep up with demand. Between 2000 and 2003,
entrusted by Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council of Peoples Republic
of China, we developed teachers Zhongwen VCD and online edition Chinese Online
(see www.chinaqw.com or http//hwy.jnu.edu.cn ), and arranged a traditional Chinese
character edition. All these products have gained a wide popularity among Chinese
language teachers, students and their parents abroad.
This revision of Zhongwen materials was authorized by Overseas Chinese Affairs
Office of the State Council of P. R. China to College of Chinese Language and Culture
and Education Institute of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan University. This
revised edition reflects actual needs and characteristics of overseas Chinese language
education and takes in constructive advice from many sides and research findings on
language teaching and textbook studies. The new edition of Zhongwen is now a
collection of 52 books, with additional four books-one Study Pinyin textbook, two
Study Pinyin exercise books and one Study Pinyin teacher s reference book-to the
original 48 books.
The instructional goal of Zhongwen is to enable students to acquire basic
listening, speaking, reading and writing capabilities of Putonghua (Mandarin Chinese)
through a process of learning and training, to expose students to Chinese culture and
lay a solid ground for their further study of Chinese language and culture.
The revision was carried out under the guidelines of Standard of Chinese
Language Level and General Outline of Chinese Grammar (1996) issued by
Department of Testing Affairs of China National Office for Teaching Chinese as a

Foreign Language(NOCFL), General Outline of Chinese Language Level of Glossaries
and Characters(2001) issued by China National Committee for Chinese Proficiency Test
(HSK), and List of Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese (1988) issued
jointly by State Language Commission and Ministry of Education of China. Based on all
above, an effort has been made at enhancing learning experience and development with
a careful choice of characters, words, sentences, and texts. The homework exercise has
been modified and arranged in order of increasing difficulties and advancement. These
improvements are expected to be of enormous benefits to both teachers and students
alike, in improving their Chinese language skills, raising their learning motivation,
stimulating their active thinking and increasing their overall proficiency in the use of
Chinese language. Meanwhile, extensive research was made in the existing Chinese
textbooks that are used overseas which provided much helpful experience to the
revision. The revised edition closely integrates instruction and practice, learning and
application. Creative innovations have been incorporated in the course content, general
arrangements, page design, question format and instructional concepts.
The following is a summary of major changes including reorganization, deletion and
addition of new materials in the revised edition:
1. In light of the shorter term or semester in overseas Chinese schools, the number
of lessons in each book has been reduced from 14 to 12, with a moderate simplification
of the texts. The 12 lessons are now subdivided into four units of three lessons each,
which are followed by a comprehensive exercise. In addition, each book includes a
general exercise. Every text book is attached an alphabetic vocabulary which contains
all the new words in the texts of the book, including singlesyllables and multisyllables.
Each new word is marked with serial number of the text where it belongs.
2. Lessons one to six of Book 1 are designed for character learning. The main texts
are followed by a list of new Chinese characters without words or sentences. Beginning
with Lesson seven in Book 1, the main texts are followed by a list of disyllabic and
multisyllabic words and sentences, in contrast to the monosyllabic words found in the
previous lessons. Some of the main texts are also followed by a list of proper names,
such as, names of people, places and countries.
3. For teaching convenience, a Study Pinyin course book and two Study Pinyin
exercise books are included in the revised edition. Therefore, instructional materials for
pinyin are removed from the 12 textbooks. However, exercises on pinyin are included from
exercise book 5 to above.
4. Pinyin annotations are provided to all the main texts and reading materials in
textbooks one to four. Beginning with Book Five, the application is limited to only new
characters. In general, the annotations are applied character by character, except in the list
of words or expressions and proper names following the main texts, where they are applied
word by word. The characters are normally annotated in their original tone, with the
exception of the neutral tones. Characters generally of light pronunciation, are annotated
with tones when they are stressed.
The characters (yi) and (bu) are annotated in their actual tones
according to the context.
5. In retroflex finals, where the retroflex is unnecessary in written Chinese, the
character or word is not presented in its retroflexed form; and where the retroflex is
necessary, the character(er) is attached, e.g., ,.
6. English translation or explanation is provided for titles of texts and exercises. Proper
names in teachers reference books are also attached with their English equivalents.
7. New strokes or radicals are listed with new characters, with the exception of lessons
for character learning where only strokes are listed, but not radicals. In the classroom
exercise of Learn to write in textbooks one to four, new radicals, components and
characters are presented with their stroke order, and writing directions are noted in red
arrows. In textbooks five and above, new characters in the classroom exercises are not
presented with their stroke order. The stroke order is based on Stroke Order Regulation of
Frequently Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which was issued by the State Language
Commission and the General Administration of Press and Publication of P. R. C. in 1997.
8. For the convenience of teaching and self instruction, lists of new characters, words
and some proper names are added to the reading comprehensions. Their references and
resources are also added to the teachers reference books accordingly.
9. To meet the need of certain students for traditional Chinese characters, the main
text book is attached with a comparative list of new characters in simplified and traditional
forms arranged in alphabetical order, and each new word is marked with serial number of
the text where it belongs. In Book 2 and above, the alphabetical vocabulary list is
accumulative with new words of the previous text books. The traditional characters are
based on the 1986 version of General List of Traditional Chinese Characters issued by
the State Language Commission. Since variant characters listed in Appendix 1 to

General List of Traditional Chinese Characters are no longer used officially, they are
no longer included as traditional characters or variant characters in this edition. The
traditional characters also supplement the revised teachers reference books accordingly.
In addition, text books one to six are attached with character learning cards for
convenience.
10. Practice in communicative functions in Chinese is further enhanced in the
revised edition to improve the communication skills of the students.
We are greatly indebted to Chinese linguists, experts in Chinese language teaching,
overseas Chinese teachers, and researchers of Chinese language that have all generously
provided us very useful advice and suggestions in the revision of this course.
Finally, given the magnitude of this project and the time constraint, it is possible
that certain omissions or errors may be observed. However, we will be very open to any
suggestions and advice from experts, researchers, teachers, students and their parents
on further improvement.
Chief Compiler Jia Yimin

June 28, 2006
Contents
1.
TextIn the Park
ReadingAugeuste Rodin
2.
TextGo to the Post Office
ReadingA Story on a Stamp

3.
TextThe Ocean World
ReadingThe Turtle Lays Eggs

Review 1
10
17
19
25
27
4.
TextThe Buried Gold
ReadingThe Ant and the Cicada

5.
TextThe Giants Garden
ReadingMice Had a Meeting

6.
TextStories about Idioms
ReadingA White Hare and a Gray Hare

Review 2
31
37
39
46
48
55
57
Contents
7.
61
TextSun Moon Lake
68
ReadingThe Story of Taurus and Vega

8.
TextTelescope
ReadingThe World in the Microscope

9.
TextTwo Ancient Poems
ReadingThe Story about Li Bai

Review 3
70
77
79
83
85
10.
TextQu Yuan
ReadingWalt Whitman
11.
TextAn Angel in White
ReadingA Girl Who Sought Brightness

12.
TextNie Er
ReadingLeomardo da Vinci Drew the Eggs

Review 4
90
97
99
106
108
114
116
Contents
121
Exercises

125
Alphabetic Vocabulary Comparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters
128
Alphabetic Glossary
131
Sentences
133
Table of Chinese Characters Strokes
134
Table of Stroke Order
135
Names of Radicals of Chinese Characters
138
Phonetic System of the Chinese Language

141
Alphabetic Vocabulary 1 Comparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters

143

145

147

149
In the Park
Characters
f
xin
nn
sh
zhun
nn
tn
zhn zhun
yn
su
Words and expressions

xnqtin
fjn
xinde
wi
dfn
ysh
kish
jiotn
nji
Proper nouns
Xl
Mkilnjlu
Ludn
Greece
Michelangelo
Augeuste Rodin
Sentences
dio

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
d yi d
Read aloud.
3 Expand and substitute.
du hu
Dialogue
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
Think and answer the following questions.

1
2
Reading
lu dn
Augeuste Rodin
Characters
lio

dios
shn yu j
Go to the Post Office
10
Characters
j
ho
fn
sh
lio
xn
shn
zn
to
qn
nn
11

yuj
rnshi
zhshi
lioji
xnshn
znzhn
qnzh
bou
Proper noun
Xinn
Hong Kong
Sentences
12

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
13
d yi d
Read aloud.
14
15
du hu
Dialogue
xin yi xin
shu yi shu

1
2
16
Reading
A Story on a Stamp
17
Characters
zhn
lun
xn
18
The Ocean World
19
20
Characters
x
yn
shn
dn
yn
wi
pi
ln
ti
bi

xyn
bl
dnxn
bioyn
jim
wib
shnhu
Sentences
ln rn jn q de sh cn mn d i tn
21

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
22
d yi d
Read aloud.
tn
tn
23
tn
du hu
Dialogue
tn
xin
sh
sh
sh
tn
jn
24
tn
jn
xin yi xin
shu yi shu

1
tn
jn
2
3

Reading
The Turtle Lays Eggs
25
Characters
sh
zh
kn
mi

shji

26
zhuzi

Review 1
zi xi li
ji din z
de zhn qu d yn shn d
1. Mark
with the correct pronunciations of the dotted characters.
A. le
B. lio
C. l
D. lio
2
A. zhn
B. chn
C. zhn
D. chn
A. ho
B. ho
D. o
C. o
A. bi
B. bi
C. pi
D. bi
b
yi
zi z
2.
{
{
Compare and form phrases.
27
xun z tin kn
3.
Choose the right characters to fill in the blanks.

1
2
4
5
tn
xun c y tin kn
4.
Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.
1
2
tn
tin kn
5.
Fill in the blanks.
28
lin c chn j
6.
Put the given words in the correct order to make sentences.
2
3
4
zo j
7.
Make sentences with the given words.
1
2
3
4
5
yu d dun wn
pn dun j zi
du de d
cu de d
8.
Judge the correctness of the sentences below and mark on each right sentence

and on each wrong sentence according to the passage.
29
2

3
30
mi zi d
de
jn
The Buried Gold
31
32
Characters
mi
jn
su
yn
sn
kn
bin
chn
lin
sh
hun
qn

surn
tinq
qitin
chnlin
linshi
zhyo
nfu
rnwi
wnshn minqin
yhu
Sentences
33

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
34
d yi d
Read aloud.
35
du hu
Dialogue
36
xin yi xin
shu yi shu

1
2

m y
Reading
The Ant and the Cicada
37
Characters
j
ln

zhlio
38
tiny
zi
The iants Garden
39
40
Characters
j
zhu
wi
pi
jn
zh
ni
jio
dn
zun
yun
chi

pizi
jnzh
wimin
mnbi
yuny
bx
dnshu
Sentences
41

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
42
d yi d
Read aloud.
43
Expand and substitute.
44
du hu
Dialogue

45
xin yi xin
shu yi shu

1
Reading
sh
Mice Had a Meeting
46
Characters
sh
hn
dufu
lndn

47
Stories about Idioms

wn
lo

Mend the Fold after a Sheep Is Lost
48
zh
Spoil Things by Excessive Enthusiasm
49
50
Characters
b
xi
ln
qun
di
wi
zh
pn
yn

wz
jsh
lnj
dol
pnwn
ync
hrn
dy
Sentences
51

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
52
d yi d
Read aloud.
53
du hu
Dialogue
54
xin yi xin
shu yi shu

1
2

Reading
A White Hare and a Gray Hare
55
Characters
56

Review 2
d pn yn
xi
c y
1.
Write one word for each Pinyin.
lnj
doli
jnzi
xind
ync
hrn
bx
yuny
zho yi zho
xi ch yu xi li b shu de z
2.
Put the
words which contain the same radical together.
zho l zi z c y
zi zo j
3. Form phrases and make sentences after the

model.
l
57
xun c y tin kn
4.
3
4
lin yi lin
xi yi
xi
5.
Link and write.
yn ji din de
zi
y zo j
6.
Read the sentences and make
sentences with the dotted words and expressions.
58
lin c chn j
7. Put the given words in the correct order to make sentences.

1
2
3
4
d k wn
pn dun j zi
du de d
cu de
8.
Judge the correctness of the sentences below with on each right sentence and
on each wrong sentence according to the text.
59
yu d dun wn
pn dun j
zi
du de
cu de
9.
d
Judge the correctness of the sentences below withon each right sentence
andon each wrong sentence according to the passage.)
60
yu tn
Sun Moon Lake
61
62
Characters
bn
do
ln
zh
ch
jin
kn
shn
li

zhuwi
dnrn
kp
kf
dzi
knnn
shnl
fnjn
hin
qnnin
Proper nouns
Ryutn
lshn
Sun Moon Lake
Moun Ali
Sentences

63

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
64
d yi d
Read aloud.
65
du hu
Dialogue

66
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
3
4
67
Reading
ln h zh
The Story of Taurus and Vega
68
Characters
xn
pi
hu
qnlo
xnf
xqu

69

Telescope
70
71
Characters
tu
xio
tn
zhn
ln
ch
qi
bi
yn
ji
jn
ln

ynjn
mnku
xioxi
sh
jx
wny
ynch
ynji
yuln
wl
qnchu
rqi
jnsh
ty
bsi
zhun yu mn c
Proper nouns
Hln
Liynh
Ydl
Jill
Holland
Rhine
Italy
Galilei
Sentences
72

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
73
d yi d
Read aloud.
74
75
du hu
Dialogue
ji
ji
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
1
ji
2
3
76
Reading
The World in the Microscope
77
Characters
wi
jin
hun
Proper noun
Leeuwenhoek Antonie Van
78
Two Ancient Poems

d
Leave the White Emperor City at Dawn

Tn L
ci
ln
hun
yun
zhu
chn
79
Waterfall on Mount Lu
Tn L
z yn
yo
chun
yn
Characters
d
zho
ci
hun
chn
yn
yo
yn
zhun yu mn c
Proper noun
Lshn
Mount Lu
80

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
81
d yi d
Read aloud.
du hu
Dialogue
chun
ln
yun
zhu
82
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
ln
1
2
p
3
ln d bn bi sn k wn
Read aloud and recite the text.
Reading

The Story about Li Bai

83
Characters
ti
qu

T
dsh
84
dqu

Review 3
zho l
zi
xi ch xi li
de pin pn b shu
1.
Write down the radicals of
each character below after the model.

l
zho l
zi
c y
zi zo j
2.
Form phrases and make sentences after
the model.
:
1
zho l
zi i xi
zi
3.
Reconstruct the following sentences with the given words
and expressions after the model.

l

85

1
2
3
4
l
1
2
3
xun c y tin kn
4.
86
5
d
k wn
zi zhn qu de
j zi hu min d
5. Mark
on the right sentences according to the texts.
{
{
{
{
zo j
6.
Make sentences with the given words.
1
2
3
4
87
i bn j
7. Correct the following sentences.

1
2
3
4
yu d dun wn
pn dun j zi
du de d
cu de
8.
Judge the correctness of the sentences below with on each right sentence and
on each wrong sentence according to the passage.
88
89
10
Qu Yuan
90
91
Characters
pin
jn
zhn
zh
qu
wn
ch
tu
bi
tn
hu
shn
wi
dun

jnshn
ri
zu
zhnzh
zhzhn
bitn
xnzho
fndu
zhun yu mn c
Proper noun
Q Yun
Qu Yuan
Sentences
92

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
93
d yi d
Read aloud.
94
du hu
Dialogue

95
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
1
2
96
Reading
hu
mn
Walt Whitman
1819
1855

1892
97
Characters
sh
sn
bn

nrn
zhun yu mn c
Proper noun
Hutmn
Walt Whitman
98
jiosh
chbn
11
An Angel in White

99
100
Characters
tn
sho
yu
shu
zhn
ln
wn
zn
jn
sh
xin

jitn
shonin
shdi
ynyu
mish
chnshn
by
zhnzhn
tch
nxin
yunwn tnk
fw
shw
zhuny
znjn
jish
zhnsh
zhun yu mn c
Proper nouns
Nndnr
Du
Fu
Lndn
Nightingale
Germany
France
London
Sentences
101

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
102
d yi d
Read aloud.
103
104
du hu
Dialogue
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
105
Reading
A Girl Who Sought Brightness
doll
water
106
Characters
mn
sh
xnq

zhun yu mn c

Hiln
Proper nouns
kil
Hellen Keller
Anne Sullivan
107
Ni
12

Nie Er
108

1931
1934
1949

109
Characters
q
ln
qn
tn
chun
qn
shn
fn
yn
kn
zh

tbi
wnj
shnw
bitin
chunzu
rnmn
fnkn
qnl
zhun yu mn c
Proper nouns
Ni r
Rbn
Dnbisnshn
Nieer
Japan
Three Provinces in Northeast
Tian Han
Yynjnjnxnq
Tin Hn
Chinese National Anthem
Sentences
110

Exercises in Class
Learn to write.
111
d yi d
Read aloud.
112
du hu
Dialogue
113
xin yi xin
shu yi shu
2 ?
Reading

Leonardo da Vinci Drew the Eggs
114
Characters
zhun yu mn c
Proper noun
Dfnq
Leonardo da Vinci
115

Review 4
zi hu xin z
Markon the
1.
right pronunciations of the underlined characters.
l
di
d de
1 hu
2 l
hu
yu
3 sho
sho
4 tn
5 1931 xn
shn
6 chun
b
yi b
zi z
c y
2.
{
{
{
{
116
Compare and form phrases.
{
{
tn
chun
xun z tin kn
3. Choose the right characters to fill in the blanks.

1
lin yi lin
c y
4.
Link and form phrases.
5. Write after the model.

l
117

hu ch xi
li
j zhn de cu bi z
b zhn qu de
xi zi
6.
li
Find out and correct the wrong characters.
wn
pn dun j zi
du de
cu de
7.
d
Judge the correctness of the sentences below with on each right sentence

and on each wrong sentence according to the text.
118
j zi
yn de
y zo j
8 . Read the sentences and make

1

2
yu d dun wn
pn dun j zi
du de d
cu de d
9 .
Judge the correctness of the sentences below withon each right sentence and
on each wrong sentence according to the passage.
119
120
Exercises
lin yi lin
xi
1.
Link and write.
zi xi li
ji din z
2. Mark
on the right pronunciations of the dotted characters.
A. f jn
B. f jn
C. f jn
2

A. wn b
B. wn b
C. wn
A. yn jn
B. yn jn
C. yn
jn
A. yn l
B. yn
C. yn
yu
yu
121
xun c y tin kn
3.
Choose the right words and expressions to fill in the blanks.
3
4
5
i xi li z
ji shn b shu
zi z
c y
4.
Add one radical to each given character below to make different characters and form phrases after the
model.
l
lin c chn j
5.
Put the given words in the correct order to make sentences.
122
j zi
yn ji din de
c y zo j
6.
Read the sentences and make
yu d dun wn
xun z zhn qu de d n
7. Reading comprehension
123
1
A.
B.
C.
2
A.
B.
C.
3
A.
B.
4
A.
B.
C.
5
A.
B.
C.
124
C.
yn x shn z bio
jin fn du zho

Alphabetic Vocabulary
Comparison between Simplified and Traditional Chinese Characters
bn
bi
10
11
B 3
b
ci
C 9
dn
chi
bin
chn
F 2
G 1
ho
H 2
j
J 6
ji
kn
dn
f
n
12 11 2
h
hu
kn
L
3
8
ch
ch
chun
12
dun
10
12
hun
hun
10
4
9
2
8
j
ch
di
12 4 1
12 7
ln
9 10
4
do
fn
n
chn
fn
bi
3 8
D
7
3
E 8
bi
jin
jio
jn
jn
5 10 11
kn
jn
jn
jn
li
lin
lio
ln
2
4
6
125
ln
ln
ln
12 11 8
l
12
mi
10
nn
5
2
7 8
ni
pi
qi
qun
pi
10
sh
qn
8
ti
shn
sho
sh
sn
W 4
wi
pin
11
qn
qn
12
2
shn
shn
shu
su
6 11 10
qn
11
2
12
sh
su
tn
tu
wn
tn
to
2 12
7
wn
wi
wi
shn
sh
7
s
tn
tn
tn
12
11
10
wi
10 11
3
5
w
11 5
1
4
1
10 8
w
9
7
qu
1
3
tu
7
1
12 12
4
2
s
nn
pn
10
6
shn
ln
nn
p
ln
10 6
4
x
xin
xin
xn
xi
3
11 8 2 6
1
5
x
xio
126
yn
Y 9
y
yn
yn
8
1
y
yn
yn
yn
yo
9
4
yn
yn
9 3
11 12
1
yn
12
zn
2
3
zhn
zho
yun
11
5
zh
2 11 9 12
zh
10
z
zhn
zhu
5
1
zun
yu
zh
zn
zhn
zhun
zhn
zh
10
zh
5 7
zhun
1
1
11
9 10
5
127
yn x shn c bio
Alphabetic Glossary
B 6
12 7 2 8 10 4
5 11 4 3 3 6
C 5 4 11 9
dn
D 3 6
12
6 1 6 5 7
5 7 7
E 8
F 2 10 12 7 11 1
G 1 1 4 11 2
un
7 6 10 9 4
6 8 11 7 5 1 3
11 5 10 8
128
1 7 7 4 7
7 4 2 6 12 8 3 7
M 11 8 10 4 5
1 2 7
7 3 5 6 11
12 12 7 8 2 4
10 12 2 4
6 10
R
S 10 12
11 12 8 4 4
3 7 11 11 11
T 8 2 12 12 8 4 11
10 8 11 7
W 4 5 4 12 3 10 8
129
6 6
X 3 1 8 2
1 6
10
Y 9 8
4 1
11
2 11 11
yu
6 11 2 8 3
8 8 6 4 4
10 2 4
7 10 11 9 10 5 11
130
zi
Sentences
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
131

10.

11.
12.
132
hn
hu mn chn bio

Table of Chinese Characters Strokes
b hu
mn chn
din
b hu

li
hn
sh
mn chn
hn pi wn u
sh u
shu
sh
wn u
ji
pi
rn
sh t
mn
sh wn
hn u
xi
sh wn u
din
hn zh
ku
sh zh zh
dn
sh zh
shn
hn zh u
yu
sh zh zh u
nio
pi zh
hn pi
hn zh t
hn zh wn u
yu
rn
ji
xi u
w u
hn zh zh pi
jin
pi din
hn zh zh zh u
ni
133
xn
xi
b shn u z bio
Table of Stroke Order

u
xin hn hu sh
sh
shn
xin pi hu n
tin
sn
cn shn do xi
zo
cn zu do yu
shu
tn
cn wi do ni
xin
shn
cn ni do wi
zh
xin l tou hu fn ku

xin zhn jin hu lin bin
yun
xio
shu
134
)(
)(
)(

Names of Radicals of Chinese Characters
1.
(This table lists some of the common radicals of Chinese characters for the convenience of teaching
and learning.)
2.
(Most of the radicals this table includes are not characters by themselvesor difficult to nameor
have confusing names. The radicals that are Chinese characters by themselves and easily pronounced
such as etc.have not been
listed here.)
3.
(Some radicals have different namesbut this table only offers the most commonly used ones.)

Radical

Name

Examples
()

135

Radical

Examples

Name
5
6
136

Radical

Name

Examples
137
5
6
Phonetic System of the Chinese Language

1957 11 1 60
Endorsed at the 60th meeting of the Plenary Session of the State Council on November 1st
1957.
1958 2 11
Approved at the 5th Session of the 1st National Peoples Congress of February 11st1958.
(Alphabet)
(Name)

The Alphabet
V
The letter v is only used in loan wordsethnic minority languages and dialects.
The letters are written in the same way as the Latin alphabets.

The Initials
b
zh
ch
sh
zh ch sh
When phonetic notations are given to Chinese characterszhch and sh can be abbreviated as
and to simplify the spelling.
138

The Finals
ei
1. i
zhichishirizicisi
The final i is used in the seven syllables of andand thus
they are spelled respectively as zhichishirizici and si.
2. er r
ert
hur
The final is written as erbut as r when used as a tail finali.e.ert and
hur.
3.
The final is written as when used independently.
4. yi y ye yo you
yn yin yn yin yon
The finals in the i row are written as yi y ye yo you yn
yin yn yin yon if no initials precede them.
u u oe
139
e e
The finals in the u row are written as u o e
e and e if no initials precede them.

ueu
The finals in the row are written as ue and u if no initials

precede themand the two dots of are omitted.
j q ju qu xu
nl n l
When the finals in the row are used together with the initials of jq and xthey are written as
ju qu xu with the two dots of being omittedwhen they are used together
with the initials of n and l the two dots of are retained as in n and l .
5. iouueiuen iuuiun: niuui lun
When iouuei and uen are preceded by initialsthey are written as iuui and unsuch as in niu
ui and lun .
6. n
When phonetic notations are added to Chinese charactersn may be abbreviated as to simplify
the spelling.

The Symbols of Tones
high and level tone
rising tone
fallingrising tone
falling tone
The symbol of each tone is marked on the main vowel of a syllablebut it is omitted when the pro
nunciation is light. For example:

high and level tone

rising tone
fallingrising tone
falling tone
light pronunciation

The Syllable dividing Mark
oe
pio
When a syllable beginning with o e follows another syllable and the boundary of
t he two syllables are confusing the syllable dividing mark is used to separate them
i . e . pi o .
140

yn x shn z bio
jin fn du zho

Alphabetic Vocabulary 1
A
7
b
bi
bi
bi
B 1 9 6 1 11
co ch
chn
ch chun chn
C 6
4 12 5
8
6
d
di
do
de
din
dn
dn
du
D 2 12 12 9 5
11 5
5
r
E 10 2 1
fn
fn
F 11
5
o
G 8 10
ho
hi
hn
hu
hu
H 8 3 9 6
10 10
6
j
ji
jin
ji
hun
hu
J 10 9
1
8
ki
kn
ku
K
10 2
8
li
ln
lo
le
li
7 8 4 1
4
6
6
m
mo
mn
men
min
M 9
12 10
11 3 2
6
8
ni
N 9
q
nn
no
nio
qi
rn
rn
R 12 2 11 3 4
sn
ni
11 12 8 10
6
6
qin
Q 1 10 5 4
r
nin
shn shn sho shn shn
sh
sh
sh
sh
S 1 3 4 2 12 7
1 3
7
shu
shu
shu
7 2
1
8
141
ti
tin tin
tn
tu
10 11 12 5 3 7
3
2
wi
wn
W 10 7 7 1
xin
xio
xio
xn
xn
X 11 12 4 5 11
12
5
8
7
yn
Y 6
yu
yn
xi
yu
yu
11
1 12 9 4
9
yn
3
5
zo
xi
zh
zhn zhn zh
zu
zu
142
5
6
zu
Z 8
8 4 12 4 2 4 4
9
xu
xu
yun
10

yn x shn z bio
jin fn du zho

bn
bo
bo
bn
bi
B 10 12 5
2
6 2
7
2
chn
chn cn
C 11 5 11
dn
de
D 5 8
E
6
f
de
din
12
8
9
1
4
fn
fn
dn
du
fi
F 10 6 3
9
o
du
n n
G 3 5 1
8 7 12 11 10
5
un
un u
9 11 5
4
hi
hi
H
4
6
hu
hu
hi
hn
12
hn
9
1
hun
hu
8 9
hu
11
12
1
1
6
j
ji
jin
jin
jin
jin
jio
J
12 6 7 11
1
4
2
jio
jio
ji
jn
ju
11 2 5 3 5
8
k
ko
kui
K 5 7 6 12
l
lin
lin
li
L 12 )
8 9 12
2
7
m
mi
me
mi mio
mn
4 10 11
2
5
8
n
no
mn
8 11
N 8 2
7
pn
P 3
q
qn
qn
Q 3 4 11
4
143
shi
shn
sh
sh
sh
sh
shu
sh
sh
S
8
6 6 2 6
10
3
9
2
shun
7
t
3
5
tio
su
tn
T 11 2 11
3
wn wn
wi
wn
W 5
3 12 12
7
8
3
x
xin xi
xi
xn
X 6 1
9
3
4
1
4
y
yn
yo
yn
yn
xn
yu
3
yu
yu
Y 10 12 10 8 9 12 12 4 9 3 7
yun
8
zi
zi
zhn
zhn
Z 1 4
5
zu
zu
zu
zu
11 5 7 4
144
zhe
zhn
11 10
9
zhn
10 2 1

yn x shn z bio
jin fn du zho

bo
bi
bin
bin
bin
bn
B 9
12 4
9
2
4
5
3 9 10
C 4 4
8 5 2 8
7
6
7
4
ci
d
ci
di
cn
chn
di
chn chn ch chn chun
do
dn
dn
chun
din dio
D 9 9
1 10
2 7 1 10 2 11
3
1
dio dn
du
5
4
4
fn
fn
F
4 2
2
i
ui
3 12 12 7 6 2 8 10
8
9
6
hn
hu
hu
hun
hu
H 12 5
12 10
8
3
2
j
11
8
jn
ji
ju
jio
jio
ji
ji
jn
jn
1
1 11 11 4
5
7 3
9
7
k
kun
K 8 12
2
1
l
ln
lo
ln
lin lin
lu
L 1 12
5 12 6 3
4
7
mn
mn
mn mo mo
mi
M
10 1 6 3 1 4
6
n
ne
N 2 2
p
po
nn
11
p
nn
12
pin pin
pio
10 5 9 9 12
9
5
q
qin qin
Q 12 8
5 7
8
2
rn
rn
rn
R 10
10
8
145
S
T
si
sho
shn
sh
sh
sh
shu shu
12 10
12
3
7 5
3
7
8
tn
tin
tio
wn
wn
W 1
xin
tn
wi
xin
tn
wn
tn
2 6
3 10
xin
xio
11
6
2
7
yn
yn
yn
yo
Y
4
7 11 10
6
8
3
3
zo
zn
zhn
zhn
9 11
6
3
zhu
zhu
zu
10 11 6 4
146
zh
zh
zh
9
5
4
zh
yn
yun yun
zh zh zhun
5 9 11
9

yn x shn z bio
jin fn du zho

A 2 1 2
bn
bn
bn
B 11
11 5
5
ci
cn
ch
C 4 7 11
d
chn
chn ch
chun chun chun
1 1
10 10 3
4
dn
do
dn
cn
12
dn dn
D 12 10
2 7 5 11
7
2
f
fi
fn
fn
fn
12 2 11 1 4 11
n
n n u
un
un
8 3
11 1
5
6
6
hn hn
ho
hu
H 7 12 12 5
j
jin
jin
jin
hun
11 8
ji
ji
ji
jn
jn
jn
jn
5 10 4 10 7 6 12
1
1
8
8
jn
jn
ji
ji
2
9 8
3
kn ko
kn
kui
K 4 9
9 8 7
9
8
l
lo
li
lin
ln
lu
L 6
12
9
7
3 7
6
9
2
9
mo
mi mn
m min mio
M 10 2 12 3 7 11
n
nn
nun
N 12
9 4
7
pn
pn pio pn
P
6 1 1
7
qin
qio
pn
10 10
qn qn
qi
q qun qn
9 11 12 1 3 1 6
5
2
r
R 3
sn
shi
sho shn shn sh
sh
sh
sh
S 11 2
9 6 5
12 8 12
4
2
147
sh
sh
9
1
ti
to
tn
T
10 1 7
5
6
3
wn
wn wn wn wn
W 10 2 6 3
10
7
x
xi
xin xin xio
X 8 11
3
8
yn
yn
yn
Y 11 2
yun
yun
12 5
z
yn
yn
3
7
11 3
3
yun
10
zho zhn zh
zh
zh
Z 8 4 5 6 2 9
148
zhun
xi
zu
2
8
xn
xn
xn
7 1 4
yn
yu
12
1
6

yn x shn z bio
jin fn du zho

A 12
bo
bio
3 12
2
9
ci
ch cho cho chn
chn
C 2 2 1 2 10
c
cn
chn
11
cu
dn
dn
D 6 11
fn
fn
dn
do
12
1 4
3
fn
F 8 4
12
7
i
ch
ch
chu
10 9 10
1 5
7
7 6 7
5
di
chn chn
n u un un
dn
11
7
2
u
G 12
1 8 5 10
6
2
7
h
hi
hn hn
hui
H 5 4 7 1 12
4
j
ji
ji
6 8
3 5
2
2
9
jin
ji
ji
ji
jn
11
6
8
4
k
kn kn
ku
jn
li
lin
jin
12 11
ju
3
7
K 6 5 9 7 2
3
li
jin
lin
ln
li
ln
L 9 5
9
12 3 11
8
1
3
7
mi
mi
mi
mn
M
6 7
9
8
7
nin nn
N 9 4
pn pio
pn
P 3 1 1
4
q
qin qin
qio
qi
qn
qn
qn
qin
qi
Q 9 8 10
10 2
11 12 6
8
4
149
rn
ru
R
2
8
sn
sh
shn sh shn
sh
sh
sh
sh
shu
S
10 1 9
8 5 1 12 6
5
9
sh
shu
3
3
tn
tn
shn
sun
sun
6 3 5
9
to
su
12
ti
tu
11 11
10
3
2
8
wi
wi
wi
wi wn w
W 11 12
2 7 8
9
x
xin
xin
xin xin
xi
12
xn xn
X 6
11 10 1 4 12
2
7
yn
yo
yn
yu
xi
9 6
1
yu
yn
Y
10 11 12 12 3 11 11 8
1
5
zi
zn
zn
zhi zhn zho zho
Z
10
5 3 5 4
9
4
zhn
zhn
10
5
zh
10
150
zhun zhn
zn
5
4
zh
zh
zh
1 3
1

Zhongwen Tomo 6

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6

Zhongwen (Mandarin Chinese Language) course materials of trial edition were

Department of Testing Affairs of China National Office for Teaching Chinese as a

the State Language Commission. Since variant characters listed in Appendix 1 to

Chief Compiler Jia Yimin

TextIn the Park

ReadingA Story on a Stamp

ReadingThe Turtle Lays Eggs

ReadingThe Ant and the Cicada

ReadingMice Had a Meeting

ReadingA White Hare and a Gray Hare

TextSun Moon Lake

ReadingThe Story of Taurus and Vega

ReadingThe World in the Microscope

ReadingThe Story about Li Bai

ReadingA Girl Who Sought Brightness

ReadingLeomardo da Vinci Drew the Eggs

Words and expressions

3 Expand and substitute.

Think and answer the following questions.

Words and expressions

Go to the Post Office

Words and expressions

3 Expand and substitute.

Think and answer the following questions.

Words and expressions

The Ocean World

Words and expressions

3 Expand and substitute.

Think and answer the following questions.

The Turtle Lays Eggs

Words and expressions

Compare and form phrases.

Choose the right characters to fill in the blanks.

Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.

Fill in the blanks.

Put the given words in the correct order to make sentences.

Make sentences with the given words.

The Buried Gold

Words and expressions

3 Expand and substitute.

Think and answer the following questions.

The Ant and the Cicada

Words and expressions

The iants Garden

Words and expressions

Expand and substitute.

Think and answer the following questions.

Mice Had a Meeting

Words and expressions

Stories about Idioms

Spoil Things by Excessive Enthusiasm

Words and expressions

3 Expand and substitute.

Think and answer the following questions.

A White Hare and a Gray Hare

Words and expressions

Write one word for each Pinyin.

words which contain the same radical together.

3. Form phrases and make sentences after the

Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.

Link and write.

Read the sentences and make

sentences with the dotted words and expressions.