LGEE010 Fuzzy logic control for a brush less dc motor to run at the exactly entered speed

Based on the principle of PWM controlled BLDC motor on closed loop feedback giving RPM reference of the motor by a shaft mounted IR sensor is fed to the control the circuit. A display unit displays the full speed and one can enter the desired percentage with help of Keypad to reduce the speed. The pulse width would be automatically adjusted to maintain the DC power to the motor such that the entered speed percentage matches the RPM. The above operation is carried out by using motor driver IC where IR sensing is used for getting the speed reference to the micro controller as error signal.

The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the micro controller and other components.

BLOCK Diagram:
KEYPAD

IR sensor Pair

MOTOR
MICROCONTROLLER

DRIVER

DISPLAY UNIT (LCD)

DC MOTOR

Block description: IR sensor block: This will be used to detect the speed of the motor first Keypad Block: This will be used to enter the percentage of the speed to run the motor. Display unit: This will be used to display the desired data on the LCD. Motor driver block: This provides sufficient current and voltage to the motor according to the signalling. Motor: This is simple motor to show the output.

Component details: Hardware: IR sensor Microcontroller Motor driver Motor LCD Switch

IR SENSORS: IR LED is used as a source of infrared rays. It comes in two packages 3mm or 5mm. 3mm is better as it is requires less space. IR sensor is nothing but a diode, which is sensitive for infrared radiation. This infrared transmitter and receiver is called as IR TX-RX. Colour of IR transmitter and receiver is different. The radiations are transmitted by the transmitter and the receiver coverts this to respective voltage. The voltage across receiver falls if there is obstruction of radiation.

MICROCONTROLLER This project is built with the Atmel IC ATMEGA 168, Hence become more compact. Here the speed and direction are controlled digitally. Hence wireless communication between the controller and the dc driver is possible by adopting suitable methods. This project can be used wherever there is a DC

motor. The controlling becomes very easy because a very small circuitry is sufficient. This can be used in any industrial applications and in electronic devices, where a DC motor control is significant. MOTOR DRIVER:

Here we used L293D to drive the motors .whatever signals it receives from the microcontroller on the basis of that it will drive the motors. An H-bridge is an electronic circuit which enables a voltage to be applied across a load in either direction. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards and backwards. H-bridges are available as integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete components

DC MOTOR: A direct current (DC) motor is a fairly simple electric motor that uses electricity and a magnetic field to produce torque, which turns the motor. At its most simple, a DC motor requires two magnets of opposite polarity and an electric coil, which acts as an electromagnet. The repellent and attractive electromagnetic forces of the magnets provide the torque that causes the DC motor to turn.

PWM: This is based on the on the duty cycle that is on and off time. Vout= Ton/(Ton+Toff)*V Duty cycle can be changed with the help of Microcontroller. SWITCH: A micro switch, also known as snap-action switch, is a generic term used to refer to an electric switch that is actuated by very little physical force, through the use of a tipping-point mechanism POWER SUPPLY: The power supply consists of a step down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805 which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components. Advantages It is user-friendly. Safer to use. Reduces the time of switching due to automation. Requires least maintenance. Can be used in rotor controls etc.