Structure Analysis I

Chapter 6

Influence Line for Statically y Determinate Structures

Influence lines
Influence lines provide a systematic procedure of how force in a given part of structure varies as the applied loads moves along l the h structure

Procedure for Analysis

Place a unit load at various locations locations, x along the member, and at each location use static to determine the value of the function ( Reaction, Shear, Moment) at the h specified ifi d point. i If the h IL for f a vertical i l force f reaction i at a point i on a beam is to be constructed, consider the reaction to be positive at the point when it acts upward on the beam If a shear or moment IL is to be drawn for a point, take the shear or moment at the point as +ve according to the same sign convention used for drawing shear and moment diagram. di

 All statically determinate beams will have IL that consist of straight g line segments. g After some practice p one should be able to minimize computations and locate the unit load only y at points p representing p g the end points of each line segment

Example 1
Draw the IL for the Reaction at A

IL Equation

=0

Ay (10) + (10 x)(1) = 0

1 Ay = 1 10 x

Example 2
Draw the IL for the Reaction at B

Example 3
Draw the IL for the Shear at C

Load from A to C

Load > C

Example 4
Draw the IL for the Moment at C

Load from A to C

Load > C

Example 1
Draw the IL for the Shear & Moment at B

Example 2
Draw the IL for the Shear & Moment at C

0.5

Example 3
Internal Hinge Example Determine the shear & moment at point D

Example 3-Continue 3 Continue

Example 4
Determine the moment at C in the two cases

Case 1

I .L M c

M c = 6(1.25) + 10(2.5) = 32.5 kN .m

Case 2

I .L M c

M c = 6(2.5) + 10(1.25) = 27.5 kN .m

Qualitative Influence Lines

Example 5
Sketch the influence line for the vertical reaction at A

Example 6
Sketch the influence line for the shear at B

Example 6 6-b b
Sketch the influence line for the moment at B

Influence Line for Floor Girders

Example 7
Draw the influence line for the shear at panel CD

Example 8
Draw the influence line for the moment at F

Example 9
Truss Example Determine The force in member GB

FGB cos 45 = RE FGB = 1.41RE

f the for h second d part FGB cos 45 = RA FGB = 1.41RA

Example 10
Truss Example Determine The force in member GF, BF

= 0 40R D = FGF (17.3)

FGF = 2.3R D FBF cos 30 = R D FBF = 1.15 1 15R D

= 0 20R A = FGF (17.3)

FGF = 1.15 1 15R A FBF cos 30 = R A FBF = 1.15R A

Example p 11
Truss Example Determine The force in member CG

Example p 11

IL due to Series of Concentrated Loads

(V C )1 = 1(0.75) + 4(0.625) + 4(0.5) = 5.25k

( 0.125) ) + 4(0.75) ( ) + 4(0.625) ( ) = 5.375k (V C )2 = 1(

( ) + 4( ( 1.25) ) + 4(0.75) ( ) = 2.5k (V C )3 = 1(0)

2(7 5) + 4(6 4(6.5) 5) + 3(5 3(5.0) 0) = 56.0 56 0 k .ft ( M C )1 = 2(7.5) ( M C )2 = 2(4.5) + 4(7.5) + 3(6.0) = 57.0 k .ft ( M C )3 = 2(0) + 4(3.0) + 3(7.5) = 34.5 k .ft

Example p 12

Example p 13

( M B )max = 8(1.2) + 3(0.4) = 10.8 kN .m

Example p 14

Absolute Maximum Shear and Moment

Simply p Supported pp Beam

The location of Maximum Moment is at x x = 2

Example p 15