Glossary A

Abstract Art Art in which the subject is recognizable but portrayed in an unrealistic or stylized manner Abstract Expressionism An art movement that rejected recognizable subject matter and emphasized feelings and emotions. Abstract The subject of the artwork is simplified or stylized. Achromatic White, black, and different values of gray Acrylic A quick-drying, water-based synthetic paint. Additive A sculpting method produced by adding to or combining materials. Advertising design An area of graphic art whose goal is to help inform, sell, or promote products or services. Adobe Sun-dried clay used as building material Aerial Perspective A method of using hue, value, and intensity to show distant objects Aesthetic views An idea or school of thought on what is most important in works of art. Aesthetics The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and value of art. Animator An artists who creates moving cartoons Analogous Colors that are side by side on the color wheel Amphitheater A circular or oval building with seats rising around an open space. Amphora A vase with two handles and a narrow neck Analogous colors Colors that are side by side on the color wheel and share a hue. Analyzing In art criticism, noting how the art principles are used to organize the elements of art. In art history, noting an artwork's style. Application Software that tells a computer to perform specific tasks. Applied art Art made to be functional as well as visually pleasing. Architect An artist who plans and creates buildings.

Basic Art Vocabulary

Aqueduct Network of channels used to carry water to a city Arabesques Decorations composed of intertwined flowing patterns of flowers, leaves, branches, and scrollwork Architectural rendering A detailed, realistic, two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional structure. Architecture The art of planning and creating buildings. Art Visual statement that represents the world, communicates an idea or feeling, or presents an interesting design. Art critic A person who practices art criticism. Art criticism An organized approach for studying, understanding, and judging artworks. It involves four steps: description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment. Art Historian Person who judges artists and their works by deciding how much they have influenced art history. Art history The study of art from past to present. Art media Tools and materials used to create works of art. Art movement A trend formed when a group of artists band together. Artifacts Simple handmade tools or objects Artisan Artist who specialize in crafts Artistic value Why and how an artwork is important. Artists People who use imagination, creativity and skill to communicate ideas in visual form. Ashcan School The popular name given to artists who made realistic paintings of contemporary American city life. Assemblage A sculpting method in which different kinds of materials are gathered and joined together. 3-D collage Asymmetrical Balance Type of balance in which a variety of different objects that have approximately equal visual weight are placed on either side of the central axis. Atmospheric Perspective Decreasing the intensity of hues for objects that appear farther back in a composition. This technique is used to Mrs. Hurds Art Class

create the illusion of space and suggest the effects of light, air, and distance Avocational Art produced that is not related to a job or career

B
Background Area of a picture that appears farthest from the viewer. Balance The principle of art concerned with arranging art elements in a work to create a sense of stability. Banding Wheel A portable turntable used to rotate pottery while it is being worked on. Baroque An art style that emphasized movement, contrast, and variety Bat A slab of some material, usually round, upon which pottery is formed Binder A liquid to which the dry pigment is added. Bisque Fire First firing in which the water molecules are burned off and the clay is left hard, but porous. Bisque Ware Pottery or ware that has been fired once. Bleed Drawing in which the shapes reach the edges of the working area Blending Smoothly drawing dark values little by little by pressing harder on the drawing medium. Blind contour drawing An exercise in which you concentrate on the contours of the object you are drawing and avoid looking at your paper. Bone Dry Coniditon of unfired pottery that looks and feels completely dry Brayer A roller with a handle. Bristol Paint brush that has stiff hair. Paper that has tooth Buttress A brace or support placed on the outside of a building

C
Calligraphy A method of fine handwriting, sometimes done with a brush Callipers used to measure when throwing pots with lids or making repeated shapes Camera A dark box with a hole controlling how much light enters.

Caption Words or phrases that describe the story or action occurring in an illustration. Captions can be located throughout a panel and sometimes above and below it. Caricature A drawing that exaggerates one or more facial or bodily features. Carving A sculpting method in which material is cut or chipped away. Cast Shadow Shadow thrown by the object onto a surface; it is sharper and darker nearer the object. Casting A sculpting method in which melted material is poured into a mold. Castles Fort-like dwellings with high, thick walls and towers Cathedrals Large churches; normally the principle church of a bishop. Center of vision In one-point perspective, the vanishing point. In two point perspective, the place opposite the eye of the observer. Ceramics The process of creating objects from clay and hardening them by fire. Chalk A soft rock composed of fossilized shells. Like charcoal, it can be ground or compressed into a crayon. Charcoal A black or very dark-colored, brittle substance made of carbon Charcoal pencils Compressed charcoal in pencil form Clay Alumina, silica, water, impurities Cloister Covered walkway around an open court Cinematographer The person in charge of running the camera or cameras. Collage An artwork made up of cut or tom materials pasted to a surface. Color The element of Mt that is derived from reflected light. Color wheel An arrangement of hues in a circular format. Colored Chalk Dry, powdery sticks of pigments. Colored Pencils Waxy pencils with strong, durable colors Columns Vertical posts that rise to support another structure. Comic Strips Multipaneled illustrations set up in a series that tell a story. Most stories are humorous, but they can range from drama to action. Compass Tool that is used to draw circles Mrs. Hurds Art Class

Complementary colors Colors opposite each other on the color wheel. Composition How the art principles are used to organize the art elements. Compressed charcoal A form of charcoal made by binding together tiny particles of ground charcoal. Computer graphics Drawings created by a computer Concrete A hard, strong building material made from a mixture of powdered minerals, gravel, and water. Conte Crayon The best-known type of drawing crayon. It is hard and grease free. Content The message, feeling, or idea an artwork communicates. Contour drawing A drawing in which an object is drawn as though your drawing tool is moving along all the edges and the ridges of the form. Cool Colors Blues, greens, purples; recede; soothing and calm; winter and early mornings Core Shadow Where the form turns away from the light Cradle Board Harness worn on the shoulders and used to carry a small child. Craftspersons Artists who make useful and aesthetically pleasing goods. Crafts Different areas of applied art in which craftspeople work. Credit line A listing of important facts about an artwork. Cropping Selecting a small area of a picture and eliminating the rest Cross contour Line that runs across the form of around it to show its volume or to give it depth. This kind of line creates the illusion of a third dimension, depth, in addition to width and height. Crosshatching The technique of using sets of crisscrossing, parallel, and overlapping lines to create areas of differing degrees of darkness.. Cross-section Cutaway view. Cubism An art style in which a single object is shown simultaneously from multiple points of view. Culture The ideas, beliefs, and living customs of a people

Cursor Point of bright light on a computer screen that marks your position or location

D
Dabbing soft dabs of built-up color Daguerreotype An image made on copper plates coated with highly polished silver. Damp Room/Closet/Box Fairly airtight, and maintaining slightly higher then normal humidity place greenware is stored while working on a piece. Description In art criticism, making a careful list of all the things you see in the work. In art history, asking when, where, and by whom the work was done. Design qualities The way the elements and principles of art are used in a work of art. Design relationship The way the elements and principles of art are combined. Desktop publishing The use of a computer and special software to combine text and graphics on a page. Digital art Art made in part or whole using computer hardware and software. Digital camera A camera that contains a tiny scanner, which converts visual information into computer-coded form. Digitizing A method in which basic units of display called pixels are converted to dots. Director The person in charge of shooting the film and guiding the actors. Double Loading Painting technique where two colors appear side by side, achieved by loading two colors. Dry Brush Painting technique that creates course, irregular strokes Dry Media Media used in drawing that are free of liquid or moisture and remain that way when they are used. Dry media include pencils, charcoals, chalk, and crayon. Dwellings Home

E
Earthenware low-fire clay, porous and soft after firing unless glazed. Edition A series of prints that are all exactly alike. Mrs. Hurds Art Class

Editorial cartoons Cartoons that humorously express opinions on politics or social issues. Element of art The basic components, or building blocks used to create works of art: line, shape, form, value, texture, space, and color. uses to create art. Elevation A drawing of an outside view of a building. Emphasis The principle of art concerned with making an element or object in an artwork stand out. Encaustic A painting medium in which pigment is mixed into melted wax. Engraving Work of art which is made by cutting into a surface, inking the surface, and pressing paper against it to make a print. Exaggeration Enlargement of figures or objects or their parts in a work of art to communicate an idea or feeling Expressive qualities The way the drawing effectively communicates an idea, feeling, or mood to the viewer. Extruder Tool that forces clay through a die to produces various shapes

F
Facade The front of a building. Fan brush Flat profile spread as a fan. Ideal for blending and smoothing transitions between colors or creating texture like hair, grass or trees. Fauvism An art movement and painting style that made use of wild intense color combinations to express emotion Fibers Strands of any thin, threadlike material. Figure A positive shape. Also a human form in a work of art Fine-line marker Fiber tipped pen Fine art Art valued solely for its visual appeal or success in communicating ideas or feelings. Filbert Paint Bristles are narrow and flat, but come to a rounded point. (cats tongue) Used on its side, a filbert gives a thin line; used flat it produces a broad brush stroke Fired Hardened by applying high heat. Flat brush bristles are arranged so the brush is quite wide but not very thick; should spring or snap back into place Produces longish, straight brush strokes; straight edge to it.

Flat wash used to quickly cover large areas with solid color. Flip book A bound pad of paper containing a series of drawings that when flipped, appear to have movement. Floor plan A diagram, drawn to scale, of a room or building as seen from above. Foreground Area of a picture that appears closest to the viewer. Foreshortening Shortening an object in a drawing to make it look as if it extends backward into the space. This method reproduces proportions a viewer sees Form An element of art that refers to an object with three dimensions. Like a shape, a form has length and width, but it also has depth. Formal Drawing Drawings that concentrate on design qualities Formalism Theory of art that concentrates on design visual qualities Formalist Specialist in the aesthetics who considers only the design qualities- the elements and principles of art-to analyze and judge drawings Form Shadow Shadows on the side of forms away from the light source (middle values) Found objects Natural or man-made objects found by chance and used in a work of art Freestanding sculpture Sculpture surrounded on all sides by space. Freehand drawings Drawings done without measuring tools Fresco A painting medium in which pigment is applied to a wall spread with wet plaster. Frisket material used to preserve white on your paper as you paint; masking fluid

G
Gag Cartoon A single-panel cartoon depicting a humorous situation either with or without caption Gesso White, plaster-like surface used for drawing or painting/priming Gesture drawing A drawing in which lines are drawn quickly and loosely to capture the form and actions of a subject in movement Gothic International style An elegant, flowing style of painting that was practiced throughout Mrs. Hurds Art Class

western Europe during the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries Glassblowing The craft of shaping melted glass by blowing air into it through a tube. Glaze A thin, transparent layer of paint applied over a layer of existing dry color. Glazed Ceramics coated with a mixture of powdered chemicals that melt during firing to form a hard, glasslike finish Glaze Fire Second fire in which the quartz inversion takes place and the glazed ware is vitrified. Gouache Paint made from pigments ground in water and mixed with gum to form opaque watercolor. Gouache resembles tempera paint. Gradation Principle of art that combines elements in a work of art by using a series of gradual changes. Graded Wash color transitions down the page from dark to light Graphic designer An artist who translates ideas into words an images to create attractive materials for businesses, individuals, and organizations Graphics table A flat piece of equipment with a type of electronic pencil called a stylus or digital pen Greenware Pottery or other ware that has not been fired; maybe wet leather hard or bone dry. Ground The empty spaces between the shapes or forms. Negative shapes.

High relief A type of relief sculpture in which the forms project boldly Horn a flat background. Horizon A line that divides the sky from the ground or a body of water Horizontals Drawings that are wider then they are long Hue A color's name.

I
Illuminations illustrations in early handmade manuscripts. Illustration Drawings used to tell a story, give instructions, or make a product look attractive. Illustrator An artist who creates the visual images that complement written words Impasto paint applied in thick, buttery layers/texture. Imitationalism Theory of art that focuses on the literal or realistic qualities of artworks Impressionism A style of painting that attempts to capture the rapidly changing effects of sunlight on objects. India Ink Black drawing ink. It is available in tow types: waterproof and soluble. Waterproof withstands washes, soluble dissolves in water. Informal balance Involves a balance of unlike objects or elements. Intaglio Printmaking technique in which the image to be printed is cut or etched into a surface. Intensity The brightness or dullness of a hue. Interior Designer Artist who plans the design and decoration of the interior spaces in homes an offices. Intermediate Colors made of primary and adjacent secondary color Internet A network of linked computers that exchange information with one another by way of telephone cables, microwave towers, and satellite transmissions. Interpreting In art criticism, assigning a meaning or finding a message in an artwork. In art history, noting how time and place affect an artist's style and subject matter.

H
Handbuilding To make pots or other forms by any method other than throwing on a wheel or mechanical process; usually refers to pinching, coiling, and slab techniques. Halftone The value of the actual object; it masses against and emerges from the core shadow Harmony The principle of art concerned with combining similar art elements to create a pleasing appearance. Hatching Drawing a series of thin lines all running parallel, or in the same direction. Heroic Figure A figure that appears a little taller than life-sized Highlight Areas on a surface that reflect the most light. In a drawing, these areas are shown by light values to create the illusion of depth.

Mrs. Hurds Art Class

limestone, zinc, or aluminum with a special greasy crayon.

J
Judging In art criticism, making a decision about a work's success and giving reasons for that decision. In art history, determining an artwork's contribution to the history of art.

K
Ka Ancient Egyptian word meaning spirit. Key poses Poses that involve the position of characters at extreme points of movement, usually marked by a change of direction. Kneaded eraser Pliable eraser used for lifting in detailed areas, cleaned by tearing apart and putting back together. Kiln A special ceramics furnace.

Logo A special image representing a business, group, or product. Symbol, trademark that is immediately recognizable. Loom A frame or machine that holds a set of threads that run vertically. Low relief A type of relief sculpture in which the forms project only slightly from a flat background.

M
Madonna A work showing the mother of Christ. Manikin Wooden tool used to help practice figure drawing and anatomy Mannerisim A dramatic, emotionally charged style of art created during the sixteenth century. Maquette A three-dimensional scaled-down study of a larger planned sculpture. Mat Knife Box knife or utility knife, also used for cutting mats. Matting Surrounding an artwork with a cardboard border. Drawings for an exhibition or an artists portfolio are often matted, as are framed drawings Mechanical drawing Drawing done with the help of measuring tools Media Materials used by an artist to create a work of art Media Materials used by an artist to create a work of art Medium Any material used to create art Minarets Structures from which the faithful are called to prayer each day. Mixed media Artwork in which several media are combined to obtain desired effects Mobile A sculptural technique in which painted sheet-metal shapes suspend freely from wires, permitting movement. Modeling A sculpting method in which a soft or workable material is built up and shaped. Modeling Tool used for texture and shaping in ceramics; wood or plastic Monochromatic Different values of a single hue Monotypes Prints that are made by painting or inking an image on a plate and transferring it to paper by pressing or hand-rubbing. Mrs. Hurds Art Class

L
Landscape A drawing or painting of mountains, trees, or other natural scenery. Layout designers Graphic artists who arrange text and illustrations and prepare the material for printing. Leather-hard Clay that is still damp but is too dry to shape. Line A continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point. Line Art A line drawing composed of solid blacks and whites Linear Perspective Technique for creating the illusion of depth for the three-dimensional objects on a two dimensional surface known as a picture plane Linocut print A design cut into a block of linoleum. The surface is then layered with ink and pressed onto a sheet of paper to transfer design. Literal qualities The realistic or lifelike representation of subject matter in a work of art. Lithograph A print made by lithography. Lithography A printmaking technique in which the image to be printed is drawn on

Motion picture A series of photographs of the same subject taken a very short time apart and flashed onto a screen. Movement The principle of art used to create the look and feel of action and to guide the viewer's eye throughout a work of art. Multimedia art Art that simultaneously uses several different electronic media. Such ass text, graphics, animation, video, and sound Mop Brush Holds a large quantity of fluid paint. It's a soft and floppy brush, ideal for large watercolor washes. Murals Works of art painted an drawn directly on walls.

Package designer An artist who produces the containers that attract the attention of consumers. Palette Any tray or plate on which paints are mixed before use. Palette Knife used to scoop and mix paints; texture tool Pastels Chalks that, depending on the kind and amount of binder, can be powdery, waxy, or oily. They can be applied to high-quality surfaces, usually special pastel papers, by hand or with rubbing techniques. Available in both round and square sticks. Patrons of the arts Sponsors, or supporters, of an artist or art-related events such as exhibitions. Pattern A principle of art concerned with a twodimensional decorative effect achieved through the repetition of colors, lines, shapes, and! or textures. Pencil Drawing and writing tool that consists of a slender, cylindrical sassing around a marking substance. Perceive To become aware through the senses of the special nature of objects. Perception Awareness of aspects of the environment through the senses. Photogenic drawing The process of coating a sheet of drawing paper with silver chloride. Photogram An image made using precoated paper that detects the presence of ultraviolet light. Photography The art of making images using light and other principles of science. Photojournalism Reporting a news event mainly or totally through photographic images. Picture plane The flat surface of a painting or drawing. Pigment Finely ground colored powders Pinch Pot Clay pot made by pinching or working the clay with the fingers Pixel The smallest dot or mark that a computer can display on screen. Plan Drawing showing lines of an object from directly above on a flat plane without perspective. Pointillism An art style, also known as NeoImpressionism, that was developed in the last quarter of the nineteenth century by Mrs. Hurds Art Class

N
Negative (Shape) Empty space surrounding a shape or form Neoclassicism An art style that attempted to recapture the spirit and style of art created in ancient Greece and Rome Neutral Colors Browns and grays; formed by mixing two complements, closer to color found in nature Nonobjective art Art having no recognizable subject matter.

O
Oil paint Paint with an oil base. One Point Perspective A technique for perspective in which the lines formed by the sides of the road, walk, or track seem to come together at a vanishing point on the horizon. It is also known as parallel perspective. Opaque Does not let light pass through. Opposite of transparent. Outline Contour The line around the outer edge of a figure or an object that shows the overall shape of the person or object tahat you are viewing from a particular spot. Overlapping Placing one object in an artwork in front of another, partially concealing the object behind. This technique is used to suggest depth.

Georges Seurat. Seurat applied tiny, uniform dots of pure color to his canvases. Pop Art An art movement that focused attention on the commercial products of contemporary culture. Portraits Visual representations of people. Positive shape Shape or form in two or threedimensional art Pottery Objects made using ceramic techniques. Potters Wheel A rotating wheel for making (throwing) pottery. Presentation drawing Detailed sketches that show the final project in perspective. Principles of art Guidelines that govern the way artists organize the elements of art. Printing plate A surface onto or into which the image to be printed is cut or carved. Printmaking A process in which an inked image is transferred to a surface. Primary Colors that can not be mixed; red, yellow, blue Producer The person in charge of the business end of making a movie. Proportion A principle of art concerned with the way in which the parts of a work relate to each other and to the whole.

R
Radial Balance A type of balance in which objects or figures are spaced evenly around a central point. Real Texture Kind of texture that the viewer of an artwork can touch Realism An art style that rejected both ideal or classical subjects and dramatic action in favor of realistically rendered scenes of contemporary life. Realist Artists that rejected subject matter that glorified the past or romanticized the present. They painted everyday events the way these subjects really looked. Reflected Light Light reflected up from the supporting surface; must be darker than the halftone Registration Careful matching up of plates in prints with more than one color. Regular Shadow visible between the reflected light and the core shadow

Relief printing A printmaking method in which the image to be printed is raised from a background. Relief sculpture A type of sculpture in which forms and figures project only from the front. Renaissance A period of great cultural awakening that began in Italy during the fourteenth century. The word Renaissance means rebirth. Rendering use of media to create a finished artwork Rendering A process by which a vector-based image is converted to a bitmap. Resolution The number of dots per square inch used to produce an image in printing or on a computer display screen. Rhythm A principle of art concerned with the repetition of an element to make a work seem active. Ribs A hand held tool made of hard material used to shape a pot when throwing, or smoothing when handbuilding Rigger Liner brush with thin, extremely long bristles; creates very fine lines. Ideal for signing name, tree branches or cat whiskers. Rococo An art style that used free and graceful movement, a playful application of line and rich colors. Rolling Pin Used to make slabs in ceramics Romanticism An art style that emphasized the expression of feelings and emotions in drawings and paintings completed in a spontaneous manner. Roughs Sketches that indicated the general idea for finished work, including the size, position, and relationship to images. Round Brush Good for touching in or for more detailed work. Especially useful with slightly thinner acrylic paints. Rubbing Method of reproducing texture by placing a thin sheet of paper over an actual textured surface and then rubbing the top of the paper with a crayon, pencil, or charcoal.

Ss
Sable Brush Soft hair paint brush Saturation Brightness or dullness Mrs. Hurds Art Class

Scale The size of something as measured against a standard reference, such as the human body. Scanner An input device that copies a printed page or image into a computers memory Scraffito Scraping wet paint from canvas to reveal lighter values Scratchboard Illustration board that can then be coated with ink. The image is then scratched into the surface Screen printing A printmaking technique in which a stencil with a design cut into it is placed over a fabric screen. Sculpture The art of creating three-dimensional works. Secondary Colors made by mixing two primaries Serigraph A screen print that has been handmade by an artist. Setup Group of objects arranged as a subject for drawing Shade Black added to color Shading The use of light and shadow to give a feeling of depth. Shape An element of art that refers to an area clearly set off by one or more of the other six visual elements of art. Shrinkage Contraction of the clay or glaze either while drying or firing Simulated (visual) texture Kind of texture suggested or implied in an artwork Sketch A drawing done quickly in preparation for a finished artwork Sketchbook Pad of drawing paper used by artist to record ideas and information for works of art and to practice drawing Slab building Hand-building process which involves forming flat, even thickness pieces of clay and connecting them to form a vessel Slip Clay mixture of water clay; acts as glue. Software A collection of electronic instructions that directs the computer to carry out a specific task Solvent A liquid that controls the thickness of the paint. Space An element of art that refers to the distance or area between, around, above, below, and within objects. Also a principle of art that creates the illusion of three dimensions in an artwork. Spattering Technique that speckles canvas with fine dots of color.

Station point The viewpoint from which you make your first measurements when creating a drawing Still Life A group of nonmoving objects that are subject matter for a work of art Stippling Creating dark values by using a dot pattern. Storyboards Illustrations describing a series of camera shots depicting the staging and acting of the characters Studies Preliminary artworks, often done as drawings. Stump Tightly rolled paper stick used for blending Style An artist's personal way of expressing ideas in a work. Subject The image viewers can easily identify in an artwork. Subtractive Produced by removing or taking away from the original material. Surrealism An art style that tried to express the world of dreams and the subconscious workings of the mind. Symmetrical Balance Type of balance in which objects or figures are repeated in a mirror like fashion on each side of the central axis Synthetic paints or brushes Manufactured with plastic binders.

TT
Tactile Appealing to the sense of touch Tapestry A weaving used as a wall hanging. Tempera A painting medium in which pigment mixed with egg yolk and water is applied with tiny brushstrokes. Temperature relationship between warm and cool colors Texture The element of art that refers to how things feel, or look as though they might feel, if touched. Three Point Perspective A technique in which objects in a drawing have three vanishing points---two on the horizon and one above or below it. Throwing the method of making pottery on a potters wheel by manipulating the clay while the wheel is rotating.

Mrs. Hurds Art Class

Thumbnail Sketch Small sketch drawn quickly to record ideas and information for finished drawings Tint White added to a color Tone Gray added to a color Translucent Light is able to pass through. Triangle Tool which is placed along the top edge of a T square to draw vertical lines or lines at 45 degree angles. Transparent Clear. Opposite of opaque. Two Point Perspective A technique for perspective that shows different sets of receding lines converging, or meeting, at different vanishing points.

W
Ware term used to describe pottery or ceramic products Warm Colors Reds, oranges, and yellows; pop forward, excitement and energy, afternoons summers Wash term used to describe the medium made by thinning ink or paint with water. It is applied with a brush in a range of light and dark values determined by the amount of water added to the ink or paint. Wash Drawing Drawing made with a brush and mixtures of ink or paint thinned with water Watercolor Paints that consist of extremely fine, transparent pigments in a medium of water or gum and are available in tubes or sectioned pans. They result in a transparent effect that distinguishes this medium from other, more opaque paints. Weaving A craft in which strands of fiber are interlocked to make cloth or objects. Web designers Artists who work with text and pictures to create Web sites. Wedging preparing clay by mixing and de-airing. Cut clay diagonally and compress(slam) pieces together Wet Media Media that come in a liquid state and are applied with brushes, pens, and other drawing tools. Most wet media are permanent and erasing is nearly impossible Wet-into-wet color applied next to another that is still wet; blended by stroking them together where they meet. Wire Cutter Wire or 30lb fishing line, used to cut clay Wire Loop Tool used to shape and model clay; handle with loop or metal ribbon on one or both ends Woodcut print Print made from an inked wood block Word Balloons Outlined shapes, often oval or rounded squares, that contain a characters dialogue or thought

Uu
Underpainting wash or combination of washes that act as a guideline for the rest of the painting. Unity The arrangement of elements and principles with media to create a feeling of completeness.

V
Value An element of art concerned with the lightness or darkness of a hue. Value Gradation Gradual change from dark to light areas used to create the illusion of three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface. Vanishing points Imaginary points at the horizon where parallel lines meet Variety The principle of art concerned with combining art elements with slight changes to increase visual interest. Vertical Axis Imaginary line dividing a figure in half vertically Vignette Drawing in which the shapes often fade gradually into the empty working area around the edges of the drawing Vine Charcoal Charcoal in its most natural state. It is made by heating vines until only the charred, black sticks of carbon remain. These thing carbon sticks are soft, lightweight, and extremely brittle. Visual Texture Suggested or implied texture Visual Vocabulary The elements and principles of art.

Mrs. Hurds Art Class