before handling or eating of food should be taught to the children, food handlers and the Public; Covering of food

from fly contamination and prevention of fly contamination at homes; Use of proper latrine facilities only and wash hands after use. Human excreta should not be left on an open space, because when rains do come it would be washed to the streams and rivers.

common source of typhoid Fever.

Important Safety Tips

The germs that cause Typhoid are invisible. They can be carried on your hands without you knowing it. Always wash your hands: After you use the toilet or latrine; After washing your children; Before you prepare or serve food; Before you eat or feed your children. What is the best way to wash your hands ? Always use soap; Use plenty of clean water; Wash all parts of your hands front, back between the fingers and the nails. KEEP IT CLEAN WASH YOUR HANDS Typhoid bacteria live in faeces. Even a person who is healthy might have Typhoid in the faeces. Always use a toilet or latrine. If you do not have one build one. Keep the toilet or latrine clean. Dispose of babies faeces in the toilet or latrine (or bury them). Wash your hands with soap and clean water after using the toilet or latrine.

Typhoid Fever

Role of the Environmental Health Practitioner (EHP)!

Environmental Health Practitioners (EHPs) are required to investigate all Typhoid cases: By taking samples of suspected sources of water, food and blood to the Laboratory for analysis;

Tracing contacts by taking urine and stool samples to the Laboratory for analysis; Motivate Communities to use toilets. Health Education of Communities. Organize temporary water purification and sanitation facilities until longer term measures can be implemented.

Ensure that

they take the necessary

precautionary measures against shellfish taken from sewage contaminated beds, vegetables fertilized by night-soil and eaten raw and contaminated milk and milk products. It needs to be borne in mind that polluted water is the most

Kwazulu-Natal Province Department of Health; Private Bag X 9051, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 Phone: 033 8467504 Fax: 033- 8467272 Email: jay.maniram@kznhealth.gov.za

What is Typhoid Fever?

It is an illness caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi and is contracted by drinking water or eating food contaminated by Salmonella. There are more than 107 different strains of this bacteria.

Food Preparation Tips

Cooking kills Typhoid -thoroughly cook all meats, fish and vegetables. Eat them while they are hot; Washing ing food; Wash your dishes and utensils with soap and water. Wash your cutting board especially well with soap and water; Peeling protects from Typhoid eat only fruits that have been freshly peeled, such as oranges and bananas. KEEP IT CLEAN & COOK IT, PEEL IT, OR LEAVE IT! adapted for the bleach available on the local market. Clean water can become contaminated again if it is not stored safely. Store drinking water in a clean container with a small opening or a cover. Use it within 24 hours. Pour from the water container do not protects from Typhoid wash your hands before preparing or serv-

What are the symptoms of Typhoid Fever?

Continuous Fever; Headache; Nausea and or anorexia; Constipation or diarrhoea. Hoarse cough.

Three Simple Rules to Prevent Dysentry

Cook your food. Boil or add bleach to your drinking water. Wash your hands.

Are you protected from Typhoid?

IS YOUR DRINKING WATER BOILED OR TREATED? Even if it looks clean, water can and may contain Typhoid bacteria. Water for drinking can be made safe in two ways: Boil it to kill the Typhoid bacteria; Bleach kills Typhoid bacteria. To make a simple chlorine solution: mix a teaspoon of bleach into 25 litres of water. DRINK ONLY SAFE WATER.

dip a cup into the container. KEEP IT CLEAN STORE DRINKING WATER SAFELY. How is Typhoid Fever detected?
It is detected by isolating S. typhi from blood or stool.

How is Typhoid Fever Spread?

It is transmitted by food and water contaminated by feaces; Urine of patients and carriers; Polluted water is the most common source of typhoid. Vegetables fertilized by night soil and eaten raw; Contaminated milk and milk products have also been shown as a source of infection. ARE YOU PROTECTED FROM TYPHOID? DO YOU PREPARE FOOD SAFELY ?

How to treat and manage Typhoid Fever?

Use purified water for vegetables and fruits washing; To purify water, bleach can be used water after 2 hours had elapsed; Washing The of food utensils of in clean, hands treated or boiled water; importance washing 1 teaspoon in 25 liters of water and use

Is your Drinking Water stored Safely?

The quantity for a bleaching powder that contains 30% concentration by weight of available chlorine. This quantity to be recommended must be