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Tea Break Conventional & CAP NSD 50 Transmitter & Receiver G4AA G4AC QA Protection coupler demo
The PLCC is a technology which uses power line as physical media for speech, Data & protection signal transmission.
PLCC Network
Exercise
Look at the pictures & write their names
Cabinet
Modules
Tx
Rx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Telephone Bandwidth
1000 Hz 2000 Hz 3000 Hz
U KHz
BW 4
+ 4 + 4 + 4 =16KHz
U KHz
+ 4 + 4 + 4 =16KHz
Single channel Maximum 56 no. of PLCC panels for 50 to 500 KHz range Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx
Tx / Rx Tx / Rx
Twin channel Maximum 28 no. of PLCC panels for 50 to 500 KHz range Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Tx/Rx I Tx/Rx II
Carrier
AM signal fc + fm fm fc fc
fc - fm
Carrier
fc Carrier signal
fc
Carrier signal
T x
Speech signal fm
Protection signal fm
T x
fc + fm AM fc signal
R x Data Signal fm
Carrier
fc
fc - fm
PLCC Applications
PLCC link
PLCT are used as a pair one at each end Each PLCT is designated for a set of Tx & Rx freq. These freq may be Separate Or Adjacent. The corresponding PLCT at the other end will be designated for the reverse value of Tx/Rx freq. The ch freq. will be either in 4 KHz or 8 KHz BW depending upon single ch or Twin ch.
Protection Frequency
Guard Frequency
Pilot Frequency
Carrier Frequency
Data Freq.
Dial Freq.
Speech Freq.
Exercise
Exercise
Hints 1. Make ,Type & Frequency of PLCT 2. Selection of Pass band of LMU 3. Selection of Blocking band of LMU 4. PLCC Phase to phase coupling 5. Main HF cable & HF loop connection.
Mode 1 coupling Center ph to Outer ph (No Mode 3) Center ph to Ground ( No mode 2) Outer ph to outer ph with Ground return (No mode 2) Outer ph to Ground ( All 3 modes)
PLCC Coupling
LT
LT
Cc
LT
PLC
LMU
Cc
Cc
LT LT
PLC
LMDU
LMU
Phase-to-Ground
PLC
Cc
Cc
LMDU
LMU
Inter circuit
Phase-to-Phase
Modal analysis
Modal analysis is a mathematical tool similar to symmetrical components used for analyzing unbalanced faults on three ph power system. It can be shown that no. of natural Nodes is equal to the no. of conductors involved in the propagation. For example, 3 nodes in the case of a single circuit line with 2 earth wires earthed at each tower. The ph conductor V or I can be resolved into 3 sets of natural mode components at any point on a lossy, reflection free three ph line.
Mode 3 is the highest attenuated mode & more frequency dependent has Mode 1 is least attenuated & least is propagated on all 3 phases & returns& via the ground dependent more attenuation than Mode1 frequency
b) Outer phase to Ground coupling c) Center to Outer Push Pull coupling d) Outer to Outer Push push coupling
Protection
Substation B Substation A
In case of 400 KV line, Main I & Main II are parallel commands. M I ,M II should be operated simultaneously.
Substation A
Substation B
86ROV all commands are routed through 86ROV except Hand trip 85 LO receive command is routed through 85LO
relay.
Distance Relay 21
Distance Relay 21
Distance Relay 21
Protection Coupler
Protection Coupler
Distance Relay 21
Protection Coupler equipments can be used along with PLCC terminals for Tele protection requirements.
Protection Coupler ABB Make NSD 50 (Full version) DSP Card G4AA Relay Interface 1 G4AC Relay Interface 2 G4AC
DSP
Opto coupler Alarm Contact Solid state C Solid state C Opto coupler
Opto coupler Alarm Contact Solid state C Slot no. 10 Slot no. 15
Opto coupler
Distance Relay 21
Alarm Contact
Alarm Contact
Opto coupler
Distance Relay 21 85X
Alarm Contact
Alarm Contact
Opto coupler
Opto coupler 85X
85X
30X
Alarm Contact
Alarm Contact
Principle of operation
Under normal conditions, i.e. when there is no fault in the line, guard frequency or frequencies G1 & G2 will be continuously transmitted through the PLC channel for monitoring the healthiness of the equipment. In the event of operation of protection due to fault the guard signals will be cut & corresponding trip signals will be transmitted in the Speech band. Speech & any other Data transmission are interrupted while the trip signals are being transmitted.
AF Tx
DA
A D DA
C
BOOST
Pilot Tx Speech
DA
AF Rx
A D DA
C
Rx Speech AGC
ALARM
ABB ETL 41 C
ABB ETL 41
ABB ETL 41
M II Parallel
v
M I Own
M I Parallel
M II Parallel
M I Own
v
Direct trip Own
v
M II Own
OR
Channel I
ABB ETL 41 A B C
Channel II
ABB ETL 41 A B C v v
v
M II Own
Relay Interface 1 G4AC I/P Volt 125 V DC250 V DC I/P Volt 48 V DC110 V DC Trip signal A / C Trip signal B / D Rack slot N15/ N21 CA,CC,CG,CI CB,CD,CH,CK CE,CP,CF,CQ CL,CU,CM,CV CN / CO
BA / BB
Security : Step 2 (increased) / step 1 T03 nominal Transmission time T0 = 46 ms T02 nominal Transmission time T0 = 26 ms T01 nominal Transmission time T0 = 16 ms
[ x ] (8) Not used [ x ] (7) Local Test ON / OFF [ x ] (6) -10 dBm0 / -14 dBm0 unblocking threshold [ x ] (5) 200 Bd /100 Bd Pi filter [ x ] (4) ETL Pilot / own guard S4 (3) (2) (1) = pilot [ x ] (3) Setting of 0 0 0 = 3780 Hz [ x ] (2) Guard or Pilot Freq 0 0 1 = 3600 Hz 0 1 0 = 3360 Hz [ x ] (1) (Default = 3780 Hz) 0 1 1 = 3120 Hz
1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 = 2880 Hz = 2640 Hz = 2400 Hz = 2160 Hz
[ x ] (8) Not used [ x ] (7) Not used [ x ] (6) Interface in Slot N 21 ? Yes / No [ x ] (5) Interface in Slot N 15 ? Yes / No [ x ] (4) Command output latching status for [ x ] (3) An alarm condition ( SNR/ Level Alarm) [ x ] (2) 6 dB / 12 dB SNR alarm threshold [ x ] (1) Cyclic loop test ON/ OFF
S5 (4) (3) = statuses of the com O/P for an alarm 0 0 = no influence on receiver contacts 0 1 = uncoded tripped, coded contacts quiescent 1 0 = all receiver contacts quiescent. 1 1 = no influence on receiver contacts.
27
26 25
6.5 s
3.3 s 1.6 s Alarm Relay delay = Sum of ON values (settings in steps of 50 ms) Default setting = 10 s
24
23 22 21 20
0.8 s
0.4 s 0.2 s 0.1 s 0.05 s
Signal Processor
Data & Program Memories
Digital signals
Tx command A
Start A
Tx command B Start B Rx command A AUX A
Rx command B
AUX B
Unblocking 1 Unblocking 2
Relay Panel
Protection coupler
Distance Relay 21
Trip Send Contact in RP 85X
RP K102
RP K877 Opto coupler
RP K173
30X
RP K169
Relay Panel
Distance Relay 21 Trip Send Contact in RP 85X
Protection coupler
Opto coupler
CR relay in RP
Solid state C Distance Relay 21 Trip Send Contact in RP 85X CR relay in RP Solid state C
Opto coupler
30X
Carrier Healthy relay in RP Alarm Contact
WT
WT
Relay Panel
Protection coupler
Protection coupler
Relay Panel
21
Trip Send Contact in RP 85X
RP K102
RP K102
RP K877
Opto coupler
21
85X
Trip Send Contact in RP
RP K173
RP K173
30X
RP K169
RP K169
30X
RP K161
RP K169
RP K169
MI
MI
M II
DT
M II
DT
MI M II DT
MI M II DT
Exercise
Refer Fig A & B and Complete the following table
Under normal conditions i.e. when there is no fault in the line, two guard frequencies G1 & G2 will be continuously transmitted through the PLC channel for monitoring the healthiness of the equipment. When there is a fault the guard signals will be cut & corresponding trip signals will be transmitted in the speech band.
Speech & any other Data transmission are interrupted while the Trip signals are being transmitted.
Block Diagram of DC 4
Face plan of DC 42
The DC PSU Module provides dual 12 V DC outputs & 5 V DC output. DC CPU module provides the commands necessary to generate the Guard & Trip frequencies. DC REC module is responsible for transmitting the frequency corresponding to command issued by DC CPU as well detecting the trip frequency and issuing corresponding trip command to DC CPU. DC COMIO consists of DC CIC & DC COC DC CIC provides the interface between the local distance protection relays & protection relaying equipment. DC COC provides the necessary interface for transferring the trip command received from the distant protection equipment to the local distance protection relays.