ISO1502

Ref. ISO 1502

ISO general-purpose metric screw threads - Gauges and gauging

Introduction :

The purpose of this information is to explain possible causes of the problems which can arise when only thread plug and ring gauges are used for manufacturing and inspecting threads - especially if the finished product (thread) is close to the max. or min. tolerance limits. The ideal fit between a screw and a nut is probably best obtained with a combination of inspection (using a GO solid gauge) and measurement, as the ideal fit should neither be to loose or too tight. Thread pitch diameter tolerances are often much larger than most realise. N.B. It is recommended that ISO 1502 be read as it contains more details and tables. EXTERNAL THREAD d = Major diameter d2 = Pitch diameter d1 = Minor diameter INTERNAL THREAD D = Major diameter D2 = Pitch diameter D1 = Minor diameter P = Pitch a = Thread angle 60O If not specified then the pitch diameter tolerancen for a standard metric nut is 6H and for a standard metric screw is 6g

Tolerance classes for metric threads

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Td2 is the screw pitch diameter tolerance TD2 is the nut pitch diameter tolerance D2 / D2 is the nominal pitch Max d2 skrue Max D2 mtrik diameter es is the distance from nominal d2 El is the distance from nominal D2 ZR is the distance from the middle of the tolerance limit area TR and the thread's max limit ZPL is the distance from the middle of the tolerance limit TPL and the thread's min limit TR is the manufacturing tolerance for GO and NG ring gauges TPL is the manufacturing tolerance for GO and NG plug gauges

Min d2 skrue

Min D2 mtrik

Tolerances and values (mm) Td2 / TD2 (mm) above

50 80 125 200 315 500

Permissable wear on the pitchdiameter of plug gauges and rings (mm) Td2 / TD2 (mm) WGO
GO ring GO plug

WNG
NG ring NG plug

TR TPL ZR ZPL above

6 7 9 -4 -2 2 8 12 20 28 0 2 6 12 16 24 32 50 80 125 200 315 500

up to
50 8 80 10 125 14

up to
50 80 125 200 315 500 670

10 12 16 21 25,5 33 41

8 9,5 12,5 17,5 21 27 33

7 9 12 15 19,5 25 31

6 7,5 9,5 11,5 15 19 23

200 18 11 315 23 14 500 30 18 670 38 22

pitch diameter tolerances for GO and NO-GO thread ring and plug gauges

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New GO ring TR/2

d2 es ZR d2 es

Used GO ring + WGO

d2 es ZR d2 es

New NO-GO ring

Used NO-GO ring ZR + WNG used GO plug ZPL + WGO Used NO-GO plug ZPL + WNG

Thread rings Td - T /2 T /2 2 R R Thread plug New GO plug D + El + Z 2 PL gauges

TPL/2 New NO-GO plug TD2 + TPL TPL/2 D2 + El +

D2 El D2 + El

The calculation examples are pitch diameter tolerance limits for a standard M36x4-6g screw and M36x4-6H nut plus a set of GO/NO-GO M36x4-6g thread rings for a screw and a set of GO/NO-GO M36x4-6H thread plug gauges for a nut. Nominal pitch diameter (d2 / D2) for a M36x4 thread is 36,000 2,598 = 33,402 M36x4-6g screw d2 max = 33,402 0,060 =33,342 d2 min = 33,402 0,284 = 33,118 M36x4-6H nut D2 max = 33,402 + 0,300 = 33,702 D2 min = 33,402 0,000 = 33,402 d2 tolerance = 33,342 33,118 = 0,224 ( Td2 )

D2 tolerance = 33,702 33,402 = 0,300 ( TD2 )

Calculations for thread ring and plug gauge pitch diameter tolerances
Max Min

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New GO ring d2 es ZR TR/2 Used GO ring d2 es ZR 33,402 0,060 0,012 0,0115 33,402 0,060 0,012 Td2 - TR/2 TR/2 0,0255 Used NO-GO ring d2 es 33,402 0,060 0,224 ZR + WNG 0,0115 0,0115 33,402 0,060 0,224 0,012 0,0195 New GO dorn D2 + El + ZPL New NO-GO ring d2 es TPL/2 + WGO

33,3415 33,3555 33,1180 33,1255

33,3185 33,3185 33,0950 33,0950 33,4110 33,3970 33,7020 33,6940

33,4250 33,402 + 0 + 0,016 0,007 33,4250 33,402 + 0 + 0,016 0,021 33,7160 Used GO dorn D2 El 33,7160 33,402 + 0 + 0,300 + ZPL + WGO 0,007 0,007 New NO-GO dorn D2 + El + 33,402 + 0 + 0,300 + 0,007 0,015 T + T T /2
D2 PL PL

Used NO-GO dorn D2 + El ZPL + W NG

Tolerances on threaded components and thread gauges

M36x4-6g screw d2 tolerances M36x4-6g thread ring d2 tolerances M36x4-6H nut D2 tolerances M36x4-6H thread plug D2 tolerances

GO max 33,3555 / min 33,3185 NO-GO max 33,1255 / min 33,0950 Tolerances on a GO thread ring is 33,3555 33,3185 = 0,0370 Tolerances on a NO-GO thread ring is 33,3555 33,3185 = 0,0305 max 33,342 min 33,118

NO-GO max 33,7160 / min 33,6940 GO max 33,4250 / min 33,3970 Tolerances on a GO thread plug gauge is 33,7160 33,6940 = 0,0220 Tolerances on a NO-GO thread pluggauge is 33,4250 33,0970 = 0,0328 Max 33,702 Min 33,402

Thread manufacturing close to either the max or min tolerance limit will, when two different sets of gauges for manufacturing and inspection are used (even if these two sets of gauges are within tolerance) as well as machine repeatability, probably give situations where the components could be rejected as defect. Many operators regard a "tight" fit between gauge and component as desirable. This approach gives increased wear on the gauge and the need for frequent callibration. By combining thread measurement (for example with FMS accessories and thread inserts for external and internal pitch diameter measurement) with
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thread inspection (using GO thread plug and ring gauges) will the conditions for manufacturing a correct fit between screw and nut be met. For example a M36x4-6H/6g fit should have a miimumn pitch diameter fit of 33,402 33,342 = 0,060 and a maximum pitch diameterfit of 33,702 33,118 = 0,584. The ideal fit (slack) between the screw and nut is 0,584 0,060 / 2 = 0,262 mm

There are several possibilities for thread measurement and inspection. The most advangeous (and inexpensive) is probably the combination of a "GO" thread plug or ring gauge for correct profile and pitch and measurement of the thread pitch diameter for correct positioning within tolerance limits.

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