Fish and food security: securing blue growth of aquaculture

ASEAN Regional Conference on Food Security (ARCoFS'13) Georgetown, Malaysia. 8 - 10 October 2013

Michael Phillips and Malcolm Beveridge

Outline

Fish and food security Blue growth in aquaculture Future actions

Wealth and population growth are major drivers for animal source food consumption, including fish

Fish demand is growing .. along with other animal sources foods

120 120
Growing fisheries (0.7% per annum) Growing fisheries (0.7% per annum) Stagnant fisheries Stagnant fisheries Production forecast (this study)

Production (million (milliontonnes) Production tonnes)

100 100

Pig

Production targets (national data)

80 80

Chicken

Globalconsumption consumptionrises risesto to22.5 22.5 kg/y kg/y Global Globalconsumption consumption remains remainsat at Global 1996 levels (15.6 kg/y) 1996 levels (15.6 kg/y)

60 60
Fish Fish Fish

40 40
Technological Technologicaladvances advancesin inaquaculture aquaculture Baseline Baseline scenario scenario Ecological Ecological collapse collapse of of fisheries fisheries

20 20

1950 1950

1960 1960

1970 1970

1980 1980

1990 1990

2000 2000

2010 2010

2020 2020

2030 2030

Year Year
Ye (1999) Ye (1999) IFPRI (2003) FAO IFPRI (2004)(2003) FAO (2004) Wijkstrom (2003) Wijkstrom (2003)

source: Hall et al. (2011)

Aquaculture is growing to meet demand

Future fish demand (2007-2015)

source: FAO - Cai (2011)

Future need

Small-scale, wild, fisheries will remain important for the poor, food and nutrition

Blue growth of aquaculture

The world according to aquaculture

source: Hall et al. (2011)

Aquaculture major species groups, 2008

freshwater fishes aquatic plants clams, mussels, oysters prawns, shrimps, etc.
5.0 13.1 28.8

15.8

salmon, trout, etc. marine fishes

other aquatic animals 0

3.3 1.8 0.6

10

15 million tonnes

20

25

source: http://www.fao.org/sof/sofia/index_en.htm

Aquaculture growth impacts ecosystems

Major impact categories
Eutrophication

Freshwater use Land use Ecotoxicity Biodiversity

Climate change Energy use Biotic depletion

Life cycle analysis approach

Environmental impacts - a summary

source: Hall et al. 2011

Farmed fish compares well with other animal source foods

But, business as usual doubles impacts of aquaculture by 2030

Aquaculture impact categories Our planetary boundaries

Eutrophication

Freshwater use Land use

Ecotoxicity

Biodiversity
Climate change

Energy use
Biotic depletion source: Rockstrm et al, 2009
source: Rockstrom et al. 2009

Putting blue growth of aquaculture into practice

Blue Frontiers interventions

Innovation Regulations and policy Technologies and management Monitoring and compliance Supply, demand and markets

source: Hall et al. 2011

(1) Innovations
Feeds Genetics Systems Extension Markets Mobile tech

(2) Regulations and policy

International standards New regulations and policy Implementation

(3) Lower impact technology

Significant scope for improvement in environmental performance

.. within species groups

and between species groups

(4) Monitoring and compliance

(5) Better understand supply and demand scenarios

source: Cai (2011)

(6) Blue Investments

US$50-70 billion in infrastructure Clear need for private partnerships

Messages
Future food and nutrition security requires both aquaculture and fisheries Aquaculture can be an efficient animal source food producer Lower impact aquaculture pathways necessary Change is possible but the challenge is scale Inclusive partnerships

Thankyou
M.Phillips@cgiar.org WorldFish and CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS)
Acknowledgements Resource Legacy Fund, GIZ and FAO/Allfish