HOUSING YOUR PIGS

CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF PENS/PLACES

Gilt Places

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NO. OF GILT PLACES:

Occupancy in days = rearing period + cleaning/disinfection no. of sows x culling rate x occupancy No. of gilt places = ------------------------------------------------------365 x selection rate

Boar Pen

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NUMBER OF BOAR PENS

Number of sows No. of boar pens = ------------------------------------------------------Sow per Boar

Dry and Pregnant Sow Places

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NO. OF PLACES FOR DRY AND

PREGNANT SOWS Occupancy in days = 365 (farrowing period x Litter Index) No. of places no. of sows x occupancy = ------------------------------------------- + 10% 365

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ON PIG HUSBANDRY, PO Box 1, 4217 Lipa City PHILIPPINES

HOUSING YOUR PIGS

Farrowing-Rearing Pen

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NO. OF FARROWING REARING

PEN Occupancy in days = acclimatization lactation period + period No. of FR pen + cleaning disinfection

no. of sows x litter index x occupancy = ------------------------------------------------------- + 10% 365

Weaners Pen

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NO. OF WEANERS PEN

Occupancy in days = rearing period + cleaning/disinfection no. of sows x LI x weaned/li x occupancy No. of weaners =----------------------------------------------------------- + 10% pen 365 x number of weaners per pen

Fatteners Pen

FORMULA FOR CALCULATING NO. OF FATTENERS PEN

End weight - transfer weight Occupancy in days = ----------------------------------------- + cleaning & disinfection Average daily gain No. of fatteners pen = no. of sows x LI x reared/li x Occ. x % ret. ------------------------------------------------------365 x no. of fatteners per pen

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ON PIG HUSBANDRY, PO Box 1, 4217 Lipa City PHILIPPINES

HOUSING YOUR PIGS

CALCULATION
The following discussion will now focus on the calculation of the number of farrowing and weaners pen needed for a given number of sows. There are steps to follow: first is to assume some production parameters or starting points and then calculate the occupancy per pen (occupancy period). Computation of the Occupancy Period The occupancy period represents the number of days the lactating sow and the weaners stay in their respective pens, including cleaning and disinfection As have been mentioned, one should have assumptions of production parameters to serve as starting points and one can proceed with the calculation: Example: Assumption/Starting Points: number of sows litter index piglets born alive weaning age weaned piglets/sow/litter rearing period (weaning to transfer) number of pigs per weaners pen acclimatization before farrowing mortality Solution: 24 sows 2.0 farrowing/sow/year 10 head 35 days 9 piglets 35 days 10 head 7 days 10%

Farrowing-Rearing Pens:
occupancy in days: acclimatization period lactation period cleaning/disinfection period ================================ total period of occupancy 7 days 35 days 3 days 45 days

Nursery Pens
occupancy in days: rearing period (weaning to transfer to fattening section cleaning/disinfection period ================================ total period of occupancy

35 days 3 days 38 days

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ON PIG HUSBANDRY, PO Box 1, 4217 Lipa City PHILIPPINES

HOUSING YOUR PIGS Computation on the Number of Pens Needed: With the example above, we computed that the occupation period include: 45 days for sows and 38 days for piglets We can now proceed with the calculation on the number of pens needed for a 24- sow level farm.

Farrowing-rearing Pen:
formula: Number of sows x litter index x occupancy in days ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ + 10%1 365 solution: = 24 x 2.0 x 45 days ---------------------------------- + 10% 365 = 2160/365 = 5.92 + 10% of 5.92 = 5.92 + 0.59 = 6.51 pens or 7 farrowing-rearing pens

Nursery Pens
formula: number of sows x litter index x weaned/litter x occupancy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------365 x number of piglets per pen solution = 24 x 2.0 x 9 x 38 ------------------------------------365 x 10 = 16,416 ---------3,650 = 4.49 + 0.44
1

+ 10%2

+ 10%

the additional 10% serves as correction factor just in case one or two sows farrowed on top of the expected number of farrowing per month 2 again the 10% is a correction factor

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ON PIG HUSBANDRY, PO Box 1, 4217 Lipa City PHILIPPINES

HOUSING YOUR PIGS = 4.93 pens or ~ 5 nursery pens

Sample Calculation to be able to design a ground pen for 10 fatteners which will be marketed at 90 kgs LW. . Solution: 1. Compute the length of the feeding trough wherein 10 fatteners can eat at the same time. Mark it as "a". a = no. of fatteners X trough length per pig a = 10 pigs X 0.30 m. / pig a = 3.0 m. 2. Compute for the total area required for 10 fatteners. Mark it as "C". C = no. of fatteners X required area per fattener C = 10 pigs X 0.90 sq.m. /pig C = 9.0 sq. m. 3. Make a sketch of a square. Assume that the square is our pen, the area of a square is "C" and one of the side is "a". Mark the other side of the square as "b".

Feed trough

0.5 m

From the sketch we can say that a x b = C; being known a and C we can now compute for b. b = C/a b = 9.0 sq. m. / 3.0 m. b = 3.0 m. Therefore, the dimension of our pen is 3.0m x 3.0m. Sample Calculation to determine the number of fatteners pen based on the technical figures Starting Points:

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ON PIG HUSBANDRY, PO Box 1, 4217 Lipa City PHILIPPINES

HOUSING YOUR PIGS

No. of Sow Litter Index Weaned piglet/sow/yr Ave. Daily Gain Transfer weight End weight % retained for fatt * No. of fatteners per pen Cleaning/disinfection

24 2 8 650 g. 20 kgs. 90 kgs. 80 % 8 3 days

* 80% is the percentage of weaners that will remain in the farm for fattening while the 20% is the percentage of weaners that will be sold to other farms as weaners. Formula: no. of sow x L.I. x reared/Li.x Occ.x %retained FATTENERS PEN = ------------------------------------------------------------------365 x no. of fatteners per pen

Solution : 1. Compute for the total occupancy End weight - Transfer weight ---------------------------------------- + cleaning/disinfection Average Daily Gain 90 kgs. - 20 kgs. 0.650 kgs/day + 3 days

70 kgs + 3 days 0.650 kgs/day 108 days 111 days 2. Compute for the no. of fatteners pen FATT. PEN = 24 x 2 x 8 x 111 x 80% 365 x 8 + 3 days

FATTENER PEN = 34,099.2 2,920 FATT.PEN = 11.67 or 12 pens

INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTER ON PIG HUSBANDRY, PO Box 1, 4217 Lipa City PHILIPPINES