Mathematics IV: Polynomial Function

Competency: State and illustrate the Factor Theorem.

Oct 1, 2013
By the Factor Theorem, x 2 is a factor of x4 + x3 x2 x 18. 3. Find a polynomial function of minimum degree whose zeros are -2, 1 and -1. Solution: By the Factor Theorem, the polynomial must have the following as factors, (x + 2) (x - 1) and (x + 1). Thus, P(x) = (x + 2) (x - 1) (x + 1) = (x + 2) (x2 1) P(x) = x3 + 2x2 x 2. C. Abstraction

I. Objectives Knowledge: State the Factor Theorem and its converse. Skill: Use synthetic division and the Remainder Theorem to state the Factor theorem and its converse. II. Subject Matter Topic: Polynomial Functions Subtopic: Factor Theorem References: Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry, and Statistics by SJ Dilao Ed.D, F. Orines, and J. Bernabe; College Algebra by Gustafson and Frisk and Interactive Mathematics by Oronce, Santos, and Ona Materials: polynomial sheets Strategies: Discussion, Inference III. Procedure A. Activity Determine the quotient and the remainder of the given polynomials. 1. P(x) = (x3 11x - 6) (x + 3) 2. P(x) = (x3 + 8x2 + 13x 10) (x + 5) B. Analysis The Remainder Theorem states that when the polynomial P(x) is divided by x c, the remainder is P(c). For example, when P(x) = x3 x2 4x + 4 is divided by x 2, the remainder is P(2) = 23 22 4(2) + 4 = 0. The same result is obtained using synthetic division. 2| 1 -1 -4 4 2 2 -4 1 1 -2 0 Notice that P(c) in this case is 0. Since P(c) is 0, the equation P(x) = (x c) Q(x) + R becomes P(x) = (x c) Q(x) + 0 P(x) = (x c) Q(x). This implies that x c is a factor of P(x). Factor Theorem and Its Converse Let P(x) be a polynomial. If P(c) = 0, where c is a real number, then x c is a factor of P(x). Conversely, if x c is a factor of P(x), then P(c) = 0. Proof for a: Suppose P(c) = 0. By the Remainder Theorem, when P(x) is divided by x c, the Remainder R = P(c) = 0. Then, P(x) = (x c) Q(x) + 0 P(x) = (x c) Q(x). Therefore, (x c) is a factor of P(x). Proof for b: Suppose (x c) is a factor of P(x), then P(x) = (x c) Q(x). Since the equation is an identity and it is true for any value of x, then it must be true for x = c. Then P(c) = (c c) Q(c) P(c) = 0 Q(c) = 0 1. Show that x + 1 is a factor of 2x3 + 5x2 3. Solution: Let P(x) = 2x3 + 5x2 3. P(-1) = 2(-1)3 + 5(-1)2 3 P(-1) = -2 + 5 3 = 0 By the Factor Theorem, x + 1 is a factor of 2x3 + 5x2 3. 2. Show that x 2 is a factor of x4 + x3 x2 x 18. Solution: Let P(x) = x4 + x3 x2 x 18 P(2) = 24 + 23 22 2 18 P(2) = 16 + 8 4 2 18 = 0

State the Factor Theorem and its converse. If P(c)= 0, then (x c) is a factor of P(x). If (x c) is a factor of P(x), then P(c) = 0.

D. Application A. Use the Factor Theorem to determine whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second. 1. x + 1; x3 + x2 + x + 1 2. a 1; a3 2a2 + a 2 B. Find a polynomial function with integral coefficients that has the given numbers as zeros. 1. 0, 1, -2 2. 2, -1, -2 E. Assessment Answer completely. 1. Use the Factor Theorem to prove that the x + 2 is a factor of the x8 + 2x7 + x + 2 2. Find the polynomial function with integral coefficients that has 1, 1, and 3 as the zeros. IV. Assignment Answer Test Yourself page 99 numbers 6 8 and 15 17.

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