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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LAB

MEC424
BENDING IN BEAM
MR. SUHAIME SUPARMAN
GROUP: EMD4M12A
MOHAMAD FIKRI BIN MOHD SHAHIDAN 2010315603
MOHD SAFWAN BIN ABDULLAH 20101611!
MOHAMMAD ILI"AS HAKIM BIN IBRAHIM 2010!6!2
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ABSTRACT
When a beam s supported at two dfferent pont and oads are
apped anywhere on the beam, we can mathematcay determne the
defecton that occurs on the beam. Wth the defecton know, we can aso
determne the Youngs Moduus (moduus of eastcty) of the matera
used n the experment. The foowng procedures w expans how the
expermenta vaues of the defecton of beam and the moduus of
eastcty of the beam are determned.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................
...........4
1.1 GENERAL
BACKGROUND.........................
..4
1.2 THEORY...........................
.........4
2.0 EOUIPMENTS AND
PROCEDURES..........................6
2.1 EOUIPMENTS.........................
........6
2.2 EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURES........................6
3.0 RESULTS..............................
...........7
3.1 TABLE OF RECORDED
RESULT.........................7
3.2 GRAPH OF
RESULT.............................
..8
3.3 CALCULATION OF
RESULT..........................9
4.0 DISCUSSION............................
...........10
5.0 CONCLUSION...........................
..........11
6.0 REFERENCE............................
...........12
7.0 RAW
DATA.................................
......12
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1.0INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL BACKGROUND
If a beam s supported at two dfferent pont and oads s apped
anywhere on the beam, a defecton of beam w occur. When the oad
are apped ether on the outsde of the nsde of the support (n ths case,
the oads are apped on the outsde of the support), the defecton of the
beam can be mathematcay determned by usng the beams propertes
and geometres.
1.2 THEOR"
The fgure beow s the how the setup of the experment w ook ke.
Where; R = Radus of curvature of beam,
L = ength of the beam,
y = the defecton of the beam,
x = the dstance from the end of beam to support,
W = weght of the oad,
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Pure Bendng Theory;
Therefore:
and;
Therefore;
Graph of W aganst y;
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2.0 E#UIPMENTS AND PROCEDURES
2.1 E#UIPMENTS
1. Weght
2. Load hoders
3. Hanger
4. Unversa magnetc stand - to hod the gauge
5. Gauge - to read the defecton
6. Ruer - To measure the ength of beam
7. Screw drver
8. Pers
9. Beam - (md stee, aumnum, brass) - the beam shoud be
rectanguar, ong and thn. The exact dmenson of the beam shoud
be measured and recorded
10. Verner Caper - To measure beam wdth
2.2 E$PERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
1. The dmenson (wdth, heght and ength) of a the beams are
measured wth the verner caper and ruer and are recorded.
2. The 2 oad hoders are paced on the beam (md stee) at a
dstances 15cm from each of support bars.
3. The beam s paced on the support bars.
4. The gauge s attached to the unversa magnetc stand and s
poston at the mdde of the beam.
5. The readng of the gauge s reset to zero.
6. Loads of 2N are added at each of the oad hoders smutaneousy
and an ncrement of 2N s added unt a oad of 16N s acheved at
each oad hoders.
7. As the oads are added, the defecton readng from the gauge for
each of the oad s recorded.
8. Steps 2 to 7 are repeated for the remanng 2 beams (aumnum
and brass).
9. The recorded defectons of the beams are then tabuated.
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3.0 RESULTS
Load (N) Beam, Max Defecton (mm)
Md Stee Aumnum Brass
0 0 0 0
2 0.15 0.24 0.15
4 0.4 0.49 0.32
6 0.635 0.735 0.49
8 0.88 0.98 0.66
10 1.125 1.225 0.82
12 1.37 1.47 0.99
14 1.61 1.71 1.155
16 1.85 1.91 1.32
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C%&'(&%)*+,:
Md Stee:
Accordng to the graph drawn, the sope of the defecton for md stee s
8431;
Aumnum:
Accordng to the graph drawn, the sope of the defecton for aumnum s
8272;
Brass:
Accordng to the graph drawn, the sope of the defecton for brass s
12040;
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4.0 DISCUSSION
1. Compare the vaue of E (moduus of eastcty) obtaned from ths
method wth ther theoretca vaue.
After conductng ths experment and cacuate the data that was
recorded, the vaue of E (moduus of eastcty) of Md Stee s
220.19GPa, Aumnum s 68.93GPa and Brass s 100.33GPa.
Whereas theoretca vaue of these beams (from text book) such as
Md Stee s 210GPa, Aumnum s 69GPa and Brass s 102GPa.
2. Comment on your resut.
The cacuated E (moduus of eastcty) of the beams s not too
dfferent from ther theoretca vaue. Such exampes are the
expermenta vaue of E of Aumnum s 68.93GPa and ts theoretca
vaue s 69GPa. The dfferent of ths vaue s 0.07GPa or 0.10%
dfferent. Whereas the expermenta vaue of E of Brass s
100.33GPa and ts theoretca vaues s 102GPa. The dfferent of
vaue s 1.67GPa or 1.64%. Fnay the expermenta vaue of E for
md stee s 220.19GPa whe ts theoretca vaue s 210GPa. The
dfferent between these two vaues s 10.19GPa or 4.85%. The
dfferent n vaues between expermenta and theoretca can be
cause by error whe conductng the experment tsef. In every
experment there w be error but t s the man goa to mnmze
these errors. Errors n vaues that are ess that 5% are acceptabe.
3. What are the other methods avaabe to determne E of the
materas.
Other than determnng the E (moduus of eastcty) from sope of
the Load aganst Defecton dagram, we can aso determne the
moduus of eastcty from torson test. By conductng torson test of
a matera, we can determne ts shear moduus (moduus of rgdty)
and wth the reatonshp of moduus of eastcty, moduus of rgdty
and Possons rato, we can determne the moduus of eastcty of
the gven matera.
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Other way of determnng the moduus of eastcty s by drawng the
stress - stran curve of the matera. The sope of the curve of stress
- stran dagram s the moduus of eastcty of the matera.
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5.0 CONCLUSION
When a oad s apped to a beam, ether on a snge pont or dstrbuted
aong the beam, defecton w occur on the beam. Ths defecton that
occurs can be mathematcay determned. Due to errors w conductng
ths experment, we can assume that there w be dfferent of resut from
theoretca vaues and expermenta (practca) vaues. It s advsabe that
n every beam desgn, a margn of safety and thorough testng s needed
before the desgn of the beam s used. It s aso mportant to ensure the
testng of the beam desgn match rea word stuaton as cose as possbe.
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6.0 REFERENCES
1.0 Ferdnand P. Beer, E. Russe |ohnston |r. , |ohn T. DeWof.
"Mechancs of Materas". 2002. McGraw-H. New York.
2.0 Russe C. Hbbeer. "Mechancs of Materas". 2007. Prentce Ha.
.0 RAW DATA
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