N E W S L E T T E R

I C C R OM
ICCROM, the International Centre for the
Study of the Preservation and Restoration of
Cultural Property, is an intergovernmental
organization (IGO), and the only institution
of its kind dedicated to the protection and
preservation of cultural heritage worldwide,
including monuments and sites, as well as
museum, library and archive collections.
ICCROM fulls its mission through collecting
and disseminating information; co-ordinating
research; offering consultancy and advice;
providing advanced training; and promoting
awareness of the value of preserving cultural
heritage.
ICCROM
Via di San Michele, 13
I-00153 Rome, Italy
Telephone: +39-06585531
Fax: +39-0658553349
iccrom@iccrom.org
www. iccrom.org
I C C R O M
32
June 2006
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
PARTNERS IN ICCROMS PROGRAMMES 2005 2006
Academy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius, Lithuania
Agbodrafo Municipality, Togo
Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan
Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum,
Finland
Amis du Patrimoine, Togo
Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientic
Organization (ALECSO)
Archaeological Survey of India
Asian Academy for Heritage Management
Association de Dveloppement de Tibl
Botswana National Museum, Botswana
Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI), Canada
Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada
Caribbean Regional Branch of the International
Council on Archives
Centre de Recherches sur la conservation des
documents graphiques (CRCDG), France
Centre for Building Technology, Finland
Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (CHDA),
formerly PMDA, Mombasa, Kenya
Centre International de la Construction en Terre
- Ecole Nationale Suprieure dArchitecture de
Grenoble (CRATerre-ENSAG), France
Centro de Conservao e preservao fotogrca
(FUNARTE), Brazil
Centro de Conservao Integrada Urbana e Territorial
(CECI), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
Centro Europeo Venezia
Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnica per la
Conservazione del Patrimonio Storico-Architettonico
(CISTeC), Italy
Centro Internacional para la Conservacin del
Patrimonio (CICOP), Tenerife, Spain
Centro Nacional de Conservacin y Restauracin
(CNCR), Santiago de Chile, Chile
Chalmers University of Technology, Gteburg,
Sweden
Chefferie de Tibl
Children of Phrae (COP), Thailand
Comit de Gestion du Tombeau des Askia, Gao, Mali
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ICVBC, Italy
Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Ofce, Asia/
Pacic Culture Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Japan
Curso de Especializao em Conservao e
Restaurao de Monumentos e Conjuntos Histricos
(CECRE), Brazil
Departamento de Ingegniera Civil, Ponticia
Universidad Catlica del Per
Dpartement des Eaux et Forts, Gao, Mali
Department of Antiquities, Malawi
Department of Antiquities, Tanzania
Department of Antiquities and Museums, Uganda
DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation,
National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro
Direco Geral dos Edicos e Monumentos
Nacionais, Portugal
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bnin
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Burkina Faso
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Cameroun
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Gabon
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Madagascar
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Niger
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Sngal
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Togo
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel et du
Dveloppement Culturel, Congo
Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel, Mali
Direction Rgionale des Sports et de la Culture, Gao,
Mali
DOCOMOMO International
Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), Benin
Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain
Estonian Academy of Arts, Tallinn, Estonia
The European Commission
Fine Arts Department, Thailand
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)
The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), USA
The Getty Foundation, USA
Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
ICOM-Conservation Committee (ICOM-CC)
Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), France
Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH),
Seville, Spain
International Committee for the Conservation of
Mosaics (ICCM)
International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS)
International Council of Museums (ICOM)
International Council on Archives (ICA)
International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS)
International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA)
International Institute for Conservation (IIC)
Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Italy
Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy
Kabaka Foundation, Uganda
Library of Congress, USA
Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Direzione Generale per la
Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy
Ministero per i Beni e le Attivit Culturali, Italy
Ministry of Culture, Azerbaijan
Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Bulgaria
Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities and
Museums, Syrian Arab Republic
Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities,
Lebanon
Ministry of Culture, Department of Cultural Heritage
Protection, Lithuania
Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport,
Georgia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for
International Development Cooperation, Finland
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of
Antiquities, Jordan
Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara
Mombasa Old Town Conservation Ofce (MOTCO),
Kenya
Municipality of Kotor, Serbia and Montenegro
Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway
Naaba of Kokologho
Nara Municipality, Japan
National Archives of Brazil (AN), Brazil
National Board of Antiquities, Finland
National Centre for Arts and Culture, The Gambia
National Commission for Museums and Monuments,
Nigeria
National Heritage Board, Sweden
National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia
National Institute for Cultural Monuments, Bulgaria
National Monuments Council, Namibia
National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro
National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands
National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe
National Museums of Kenya
National Museums of Namibia
National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
National Park Service, USA
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
Nara (NRICPN), Japan
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
Tokyo (NRICPT), Japan
National Research Laboratory for Conservation of
Cultural Property (NRLCP), India
Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN)
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(NORAD)
Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research
(NIKU)
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
(NTNU)
Old Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), Lithuania
Opicio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy
Organisation of World Heritage Cities
Parks Canada
Pontical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the
Church, Holy See
Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice
Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World
Heritage Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunis,
Tunisia
Republic of Montenegro Institute for Conservation of
Cultural Monuments, Serbia and Montenegro
Republic of Montenegro Regional Institute for
Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor, Serbia
and Montegengro
Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for Cultural
Heritage)
Robben Island Museum, South Africa
Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture,
Copenhagen, Denmark
Samuel H. Kress Foundation
Saneyocop (South Asian Network of Young
Conservation Professionals)
SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre for Archaeology
and Fine Arts), Thailand
Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, Italy
Soprintendenza per i beni architettonici e per il
paesaggio per lUmbria, Italy
Soprintendenza Regionale dellUmbria, Italy
Soprintendenza Regionale per i Beni e le Attivit
Culturali della Liguria, Genoa, Italy
South African Heritage Resources Agency
Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (Sida), Sweden
Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences,
Department of Landscape Planning (SLU)
Tampere University of Technology, Finland
UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris, France
UNESCO, Division des politiques culturelles et du
dialogue interculturel, Paris, France
UNESCO Ofce, Amman, Jordan
UNESCO Ofce, Bangkok, Thailand
UNESCO Ofce, Beirut, Lebanon
UNESCO Ofce, New Dehli, India
UNESCO Ofce, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories
UNESCO Ofce, Venice, Italy
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France
UNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal Regional Ofce
for Asia and the Pacic), Bangkok, Thailand
Universit della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
Universit Libanaise, Centre de Conservation et
Restauration, Tripoli, Lebanon
University of Botswana
University of Hong Kong, Architectural Conservation
Programme, China
University of Perugia, Italy
University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
University of Santo Tomes, Philippines
University of Urbino, Italy
University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
US/ICOMOS
Valletta Rehabilitation Project Ofce, Malta
World Conservation Union (IUCN)
World Monuments Fund (WMF)
Partner list,15 June 2006
The articles in this newsletter
reect the range of programme
activities carried out by ICCROM
during 20052006. These activities
take place worldwide and take
on a variety of forms. They involve
courses, meetings, seminars and
publications on a wide range of
topics, as well as technical advisory
missions and other forms of support
to Member States.
The ICCROM programmes that have
been recommended by Council and
approved by the General Assembly
for the 2006-2007 Biennium are as
follows:
ICCROM Forum
Preventive conservation
Sharing conservation decisions
CollAsia 2010 (for Southeast Asian
collections)
Archives and libraries collections
conservation
Built heritage
AFRICA 2009
ATHAR
ICCROM NEWSLETTER, 32
JUNE 2006
ISBN 92-9077-202-6
ISSN 1010-2639
ICCROM 2006
Cover images
Top left: A funerary monument
in the Non-Catholic Cemetery of
Rome.
Top right: The Old City of Nablus in
April 2002 ( K. Bishara).
Bottom left: the library in Schloss
Branitz, Cottbus, Germany
( Stiftung Frst Pckler Museum
Park und Schlo Branitz).
Bottom right: Participants of the
ATHAR course examine mosaics.
All images ICCROM Archive unless
otherwise credited.
Ofce of the Director-General
Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General,
Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and
Administration,
Maria Teresa Jaquinta,
Italian Government Development
Co-operation Coordinator
Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG
Geraldine Fructuoso, Administrative
Assistant
Sonia Santangelo, Administrative Clerk
Sites Unit
Joseph King, Unit Director
Zaki Aslan, Project Coordinator, ATHAR
Webber Ndoro, Project Manager, AFRICA
2009
Sadahiko Tanaka, Project Manager
Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager,
Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA
2009
Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist
Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory Coordinator
Elena Incerti Medici,
Senior Administrative Assistant
Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative
Assistant, AFRICA 2009
Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative
Assistant, ATHAR
Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant
Collections Unit
Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director
Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Senior
Conservation Adviser
Katriina Simil, Project Manager
Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist
Jos Luiz Pedersoli Junior, Research
Scientist
Isabelle dAilhaud de Brisis,
Administrative Assistant
Chiara Lesprance, Administrative
Assistant
Ofce of Communication and Information
Robert Killick, Manager
Mnica Garca Robles, Web Administrator
M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training,
Information & Fellowships
Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant
Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk
Documentation, Library and Archives
Paul Arenson, Manager
Mara Mata Caravaca, Archivist
Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant
Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant
Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant
Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance
Service/Library Assistant
Administration and Logistics
Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and
Administration
Meriem Boudjelti, EPA Fund Co-ordinator
Roberto Nahum, Information Systems
Administrator
Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy
Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk
Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk
Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk
Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics
Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant
Giuseppe Ciof, Driver & Messenger
Staff Programmes
CONTENTS
Reections on ICCROMs 50th Anniversary 2
ICCROM News and Events 5
Cultural Heritage in Post-Conict Recovery 8
Teamwork for Integrated Emergency Management (TIEM) 10
Travel Operators: New Partners in Protecting Cultural Heritage 11
Millennium Development Goals and Cultural Heritage 12
COLLASIA 2010: Professionals on the Move 13
Science and Archives: the Advantages of Reciprocity 14
The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome 15
Building a Risk Management Learning Community 16
ICCROM and the Conservation of Built Heritage 17
Living Heritage Sites Workshop: Empowering the Community 18
Conservation Training in the Arab Region:
Regional Context and International Trends 19
Training in Archaeological Conservation in Southeast Europe 20
Reections on ICCROMs Internship Programme 21
ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions 23
Publications for Sale 27
ICCROM NEWSLETTER 32, JUNE 2006
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
2
FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL
!t is with cvcn grcatcr plcasurc than usual
that ! contributc to this latcst issuc ol thc
iccvo: Ncwslcttcr, sincc it is thc 50th
annivcrsary ol thc rcsolution takcn in 1956
during thc 9th scssion ol uxvscos Gcncral
Conlcrcncc hcld in Ncw clhi to crcatc
an intcrnational ccntrc lor thc study ol thc
conscrvation and rcstoration ol cultural
hcritagc, ol which thc hcadquartcrs would
bc in Romc.
Tis rcsolution was thc rcsult ol
discussions startcd in 1952 by thc Swiss
rcprcscntativc, who considcrcd that
givcn thc statc ol cultural hcritagc, thc
intcrnational community did not rcquirc
thc crcation ol a lund, as had originally
bccn suggcstcd, but rathcr that ol a
spccialiscd institution with thc primary
lunctions ol coordinating rcscarch,
contributing to thc training ol a body ol
conscrvation and rcstoration prolcssionals,
and crcating appropriatc documcntation.
Tc rst qucstion that comcs to mind,
in my opinion, is thc pcrtincncc ol that
historic dccision, lollowcd naturally by thc
qucstion ol its validity altcr ncarly hall a
ccntury ol iccvo:s cxistcncc. !t brings us
back to thc middlc ol thc twcnticth ccntury,
only a dccadc sincc thc crcation ol uxvsco
and thc cnd ol onc ol thc most murdcrous
conicts in thc history ol humanity.
As wcll as thc innumcrablc casualtics
ol this war, thcrc was also thc tragic loss
ol cultural hcritagc. Tcsc circumstanccs
also, by thc way, lcd thc lounding lathcrs ol
uxvsco to implcmcnt thc rst intcrnational
trcaty dcdicatcd to thc protcction ol cultural
hcritagc and to cnsurc thc adoption, by
1954, ol thc Haguc Convcntion, as wcll
as thc rst Protocol lor thc Protcction ol
Cultural Propcrty in thc vcnt ol Armcd
Conict. Tc lact that a sccond protocol to
this convcntion was draltcd, thcn adoptcd,
at Tc Haguc in 1999 gocs to show,
unlortunatcly, that armcd conicts arc not
on thc wanc, cvcn though thcy havc changcd
in naturc. Tcir conscqucnccs arc still just
as disastrous to humans, thcir cnvironmcnt,
and cultural and natural hcritagc.
Two ycars altcr this Convcntion was
promulgatcd, thc dccision to crcatc iccvo:
was takcn and !taly ocrcd to providc a
location lor its hcadquartcrs. As rightly
pointcd out in thc documcnt publishcd on
thc occasion ol iccvo:s 40th annivcrsary
(ICCROM & Italia. Quarantanni per la
salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale):
in this climatc ol postwar lcrmcnt,
a numbcr ol major intcrnational
committccs and institutions lor thc
protcction ol cultural hcritagc wcrc
cstablishcd, and it bccamc ncccssary to
hastcn thc commissioning ol thc rst
major opcrations to protcct univcrsally
lamous but scriously impcrillcd
archacological sitcs.
Tis situation highlightcd thc nccd
to cstablish an intcrgovcrnmcntal
tcchnical agcncy to study and
disscminatc mcthods and rcscarch
in thc cld ol conscrvation and
rcstoration.
Filty ycars altcr thc Ncw clhi
rcsolution, wc arc now ablc to scc thc
trcmcndous progrcss that has bccn
accomplishcd in thc rcstoration and
conscrvation ol cultural hcritagc and,
notably thanks to iccvo:, in thc training,
in various rcgions around thc world, ol
at lcast two gcncrations ol cxpcrts and
prolcssionals in thc cld. 8ut at thc samc
timc, in ordcr to rcspond to thc urgcnt
nccds arising lrom damagc to sitcs,
historical monumcnts, muscums, librarics
and archivcs, causcd not only by conicts
but also by natural disastcrs, onc can salcly
claim with no risk ol bcing contradictcd
that iccvo:, supportcd by and in
partncrship with othcr national institutions,
is morc ncccssary than cvcr.
Tis is truc also ol othcr institutions
such as thc !stituto Ccntralc dcl Rcstauro
in Romc, iccvo:s immcdiatc ncighbour
in its prcstigious and wcllknown prcmiscs
at thc \ia di San Michclc. As thc ircctor
Gcncral ol icv, Catarina 8on \alsassina,
notcd in 2005 in hcr introduction to thc
nglish translation ol Ccsarc 8randis
Teory of Restoration, rcqucsts lor thc icvs
prcscncc abroad in thc conscrvation cld,
involving manilold aspccts ol scicntic
advicc, dircct trcatmcnt, and training
ol conscrvatorrcstorcrs, has grown
cxponcntially in thc past tcn ycars.
Morcovcr, lct us not lorgct that, at thc
Gcncral Conlcrcncc that lcd to thc birth ol
iccvo:, onc ol thc rst rccommcndations
conccrning a spccic arca ol cultural
hcritagc was adoptcd, namcly how to
dcal with archacological rcscarch and thc
Reflections on ICCROMs 50th Anniversary
Mounir Bouchenaki
3
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
organization ol cxcavations. !n spitc ol
thc hallccntury that scparatcs us lrom
thc dralting ol this tcxt, it has to bc
acknowlcdgcd that thc issucs it raiscs arc
still vcry much to thc lorc today.
Tcrc is no doubt that iccvo: Mcmbcr
Statcs (which numbcr 117 at thc timc ol
writing) arc incrcasingly committcd to
cnsuring thc protcction ol thcir cultural
hcritagc. nc can takc grcat satislaction in
noting two rcccnt trcnds that conrm this.
Tc rst is thc stcady incrcasc ovcr thc last
thrcc dccadcs in thc numbcr ol Statcs that
havc raticd thc 1972 uxvsco Convcntion
on thc Protcction ol thc Vorld Cultural
and Natural Hcritagc, with thc prospcct
ol an almost univcrsal acccptancc ol this
intcrnational standardsctting instrumcnt.
Tis is highly unusual and worth taking
notc ol. n thrcc occasions iccvo:, as a
spccialiscd intcrgovcrnmcntal institution,
togcthcr with two nongovcrnmcntal
organisations, ico:os and iucx, is mcntioncd
in thc tcxt ol thc 1972 Convcntion: in Articlc
8.3, in Articlc 13.7, and in Articlc 14.
Hcrc is anothcr rcason that lcads onc to
ask Mcmbcr Statcs, as wcll as thosc who
arc not yct mcmbcrs, to adhcrc to and thus
rcinlorcc iccvo:s rolc and position as a
ccntrc ol cxccllcncc lor training, rcscarch
and awarcncssraising in thc conscrvation
ol cultural hcritagc.
Tc sccond trcnd obscrvcd on thc
intcrnational lcvcl, in tcrms ol thc Statcs
intcrcst in cultural hcritagc, rcgards thc
spccd with which thc rcccnt uxvsco
Convcntion lor thc Salcguarding ol thc
!ntangiblc Cultural Hcritagc, adoptcd
in Paris in 2003, was raticd. Ncarly
lty Statcs arc at prcscnt partics to this
convcntion, which hclpcd to providc a widcr
and morc cncompassing dcnition ol thc
notion ol cultural hcritagc, onc that is no
longcr limitcd to its tangiblc aspccts.
!n his lorcword to thc Apologie du prissable
(Ode to the Perishable), Picrrc Nora notcd that:
thc cxtcnsion ol thc conccpt ol
hcritagc has bccn accompanicd by
astounding divcrsication. !n thc
samc manncr, it has promotcd an
astounding principlc ol ination
!t is in lact a ncw lorm ol managing
our rclationship with timc and spacc
which is bcing sct, a vast outburst ol
our historical mcmory and a shilt in
its traditional supports ol rclcrcncc.
For his part, our collcaguc Jukka
Jokilchto, in his work cntitlcd A History of
Architectural Conservation (xlord, 1999),
rcminds us that modcrn conscrvation has
bccn csscntially rclatcd to ncw historical
consciousncss, but it has also bccn closcly
linkcd with cvolving scicncc and systcmatic
rcscarch lor knowlcdgc about thc past.
!t is a lact that wc arc witncssing, on
thc onc hand, thc widcsprcad popularity
ol uxvscos Vorld Hcritagc List, and an
ardcnt dcsirc by Statcs to put thcir cultural
and natural hcritagc sitcs on that list. n
thc othcr hand, wc arc also witncssing to our
rcgrct thc damagc and dcstruction ol sitcs
that arc considcrcd lcss important, hcncc thc
dangcr ol advocating a hicrarchy ol sitcs and
ol distinguishing bctwccn major and minor
typcs ol hcritagc. Similarly, thc trcatmcnt
ol thc various lorms ol intangiblc cultural
hcritagc must not bc pcrccivcd as mcrcly a
minor adjunct to tangiblc hcritagc.
!t is worth mcntioning, in this rcspcct,
thc thoughts ol thc lormcr Prcsidcnt ol
iccvo:s Gcncral Asscmbly, Abdclaziz
aoulatli. uring a conlcrcncc hcld in
Rcggio Calabria in 2003, hc raiscd thc issuc
ol thc complcmcntarity ol thc 1972 and
2003 Convcntions, stating that both typcs
ol hcritagc constitutc an indivisiblc wholc,
tangiblc hcritagc bcing in lact thc matcrial
cxprcssion ol intangiblc hcritagc. Undcr
thcsc conditions, is it not morc prudcnt and
ICCROMs rst
premises in the Via
Cavour, Rome.
FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
4
judicious to syncrgizc both componcnts ol
cultural hcritagc, unilying thc mcthods and
mcans uscd to conscrvc thcm, and hcncc
managc to givc an cvcn morc humanistic
mcaning to thc univcrsal, putting grcatcr
cmphasis on thc notion ol cultural divcrsity.
Conccrning this point, iccvo:s rolc
will also bc lundamcntal in assisting with
thc implcmcntation ol policics lor thc
training ol tcchnical sta spccialiscd in
collccting, rccording, listing, salcguarding,
and conscrving thc tangiblc clcmcnts that
gcncrally providc thc mcdium lor thc
cxprcssions and manilcstations ol mankinds
intangiblc hcritagc.
8ascd on thc cxpcricncc acquircd, and thc
lcgitimacy bcstowcd upon it by its Mcmbcr
Statcs, iccvo: must continuc, via its
govcrning bodics ol thc Gcncral Asscmbly
and thc Council, to analysc thc statc ol
cultural hcritagc worldwidc, and to cvaluatc
thc impact ol its training and awarcncss
raising programmcs. Tanks to thc cxpcrtisc
accumulatcd by iccvo:s sta and cxpcrts,
onc can bc surc that thc ncw challcngcs
lacing thc intcrnational community at thc
dawn ol thc third millcnnium with rcspcct
to thc salcguarding its cultural and natural
hcritagc can bc mct.
All cxpcrts agrcc on thc lact that
lragility is onc ol thc charactcristics ol thc
complcx rcality that is cultural hcritagc. Tc
disappcarancc ol thc lattcr, as undcrlincd
by Frcnch art historian Andr Chastcl,
rcprcscnts a major loss. Tc stratcgics
dcvclopcd by my prcdcccssors at iccvo:
ovcr thc last lcw dccadcs, cspccially in thc
claboration and implcmcntation ol training
courscs in Romc and in various locations
around thc world, havc contributcd in
a signicant manncr to thc crcation ol
laboratorics, schools and institutcs, ol which
somc arc alrcady ol intcrnational rcputc.
Among thcm, thc colc du Patrimoinc
Alricain in Cotonou (8cnin) stands out.
Tis school dcscrvcs a spccial mcntion
bccausc it scrvcs as a modcl ol good practicc
lor thc training ol prolcssional hcritagc
workcrs. Furthcrmorc, thc rcccnt dccision
takcn in Capc Town, South Alrica, in July
2005 by thc Vorld Hcritagc Committcc
to support thc initiativc aimcd at crcating
an Alrican lund in lavour ol cultural
hcritagc, rcprcscnts a dccisivc stcp in thc
rcinlorccmcnt ol thc structurcs rcsponsiblc
lor thc protcction and valorisation ol thc
contincnts cultural hcritagc. Tc Nairobi
mccting, which brought togcthcr Alrican
Ministcrs ol Culturc in Novcmbcr 2005,
and thc Summit ol Alrican Hcads ol Statc
hcld in Khartoum in January 2006 addcd
lurthcr wcight to this dccision. !t thus ocrs
a ncw challcngc lor iccvo:, which is alrcady
involvcd in a largcscalc Alricaoricntcd
training programmc.
Tc rcccnt mccting, hcld in \cnicc in
cccmbcr 2005 by thc !talian Ministrics ol
Forcign Aairs and Culturc in coopcration
with uxvsco \cnicc cc, on thc thcmc
ol thc cultural hcritagc ol South astcrn
uropc, was honourcd by thc participation
ol thc Prcsidcnt ol thc lormcr Yugoslav
Rcpublic ol Maccdonia, as wcll as all thc
Ministcrs ol Culturc and pcrsonncl in
chargc ol hcritagc protcction in thc 8alkans.
Tis important mccting, prcsidcd ovcr by
thc !talian Ministcr ol Culturc, lollows thc
mccting hcld in Mostar, in July 2004, on thc
cvc ol thc inauguration ol thc rcconstruction
and rcstoration work on thc Mostar 8ridgc,
hcld in thc prcscncc ol thc Hcads ol Statcs
ol thc rcgion and thc ircctor Gcncral ol
uxvsco, Mr Kochiro Matsuura.
iccvo: was invitcd to this mccting, and
was ablc to cvaluatc thc nccds cxprcsscd
lor thc training hcritagc prolcssionals,
so as to salcguard a hcritagc which was
unlortunatcly scriously damagcd by thc
rcccnt conict that torc thc rcgion apart.
Tis situation is charactcriscd by urgcnt
nccds lor thc typc ol training iccvo: had
alrcady dcvclopcd whcn it was conlrontcd
with a similar situation in postwar !raq
and Alghanistan and rcspondcd in a
timcly manncr. Tc training nccds arc
still cnormous, and thc support ol donor
countrics is vital il onc wishcs, oncc again,
to cnsurc somc ol humanitys trcasurcs and
part ol its mcmory survivc.
Tc point ol this bricl cditorial is not
to cnumcratc all thc actions iccvo: could
undcrtakc. Altcr all, thcrc would also bc
much to say about othcr rcgions ol thc
world such as uropc, Asia, North and
South Amcrica, and cvcn thc Pacic and thc
Mcditcrrancan basin.
Tc cclcbration ol iccvo:s 50th
annivcrsary will providc othcr opportunitics
to widcn our scopc ol action and,
particularly, to cxplorc and dcvclop potcntial
partncrships to mcct thc ncw challcngcs
that will lic ahcad.
FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL
5
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
24th General Assembly of ICCROM
Tc 24th Gcncral Asscmbly ol thc Mcmbcr
Statcs ol iccvo: took placc in Romc
lrom 9 to 11 Novcmbcr 2005. Tc Gcncral
Asscmbly approvcd iccvo:s proposcd
programmc lor thc 20062007 8icnnium.
Longtcrm activitics lrom thc prcvious
bicnnia will continuc, but thcrc arc also
ncw initiativcs such as thosc locuscd on thc
conscrvation ol sound and imagc archivcs
and on thc conscrvation ol manuscript
collcctions.
Tc Gcncral Asscmbly approvcd thc
appointmcnt ol r Mounir 8ouchcnaki
as thc ncw ircctorGcncral ol iccvo:
and congratulatcd thc outgoing ircctor
Gcncral, r Nicholas StanlcyPricc, on his
achicvcmcnts during his pcriod ol tcnurc
(20002005). clcgatcs also clcctcd thirtccn
ncw mcmbcrs ol iccvo:s Council.
Tc iccvo: Award was prcscntcd to r
AbdclAziz aoulatli. Tc award is givcn
to an individual lor outstanding scrviccs
in thc cld ol conscrvation, protcction and
rcstoration ol cultural hcritagc and lor
contributing to thc dcvclopmcnt ol iccvo:.
r aoulatli has madc a major contribution
to thc conscrvation ol thc hcritagc ol Tunisia
in particular and North Alrica in gcncral.
Hc has also bccn ol longstanding scrvicc
to iccvo:. From 1977 to 2001, hc scrvcd
almost continuously as a mcmbcr ol thc
iccvo: Council. Hc was also \iccChair
(19941997) and Chair (20002001).
New Member States
Tc numbcr ol countrics joining iccvo:
continucs to incrcasc. Sincc Junc 2006,
8ahrain, 8runci arussalam, Scncgal, and
Togo havc all bccomc Mcmbcr Statcs,
bringing thc total to 117.
ICCROM staff
Jos Luiz Pcdcrsoli Junior joincd iccvo:
in 2005 as Rcscarch Scicntist in thc
Collcctions Unit. A citizcn ol 8razil,
Jos Luis is a conscrvation scicntist and
a spccialist in thc application ol scicntic
mcthods to thc conscrvation ol papcr and
papcrrclatcd matcrials. Hc was also coursc
assistant lor thc iccvo: Scicntic Principlcs
ol Conscrvation coursc hcld in 8razil in
1995, and in Romc in 1996.
lcna !nccrti Mcdici has bccn appointcd
as Scnior Administrativc Assistant, Sitcs
Unit. lcna is wcll known to iccvo:,
having workcd as a consultant on thc i:uc
and Alrica 2009 programmcs as wcll as on
activitics rclating to Vorld Hcritagc.
n 27 May 2005, iccvo: hcld a
rcccption to cclcbratc thc rcmarkablc scrvicc
to thc organization ol Alcjandro Alva
8aldcrrama, Scnior Adviscr, Architcctural
Conscrvation, on thc occasion ol his
rctircmcnt altcr twcntysix ycars at iccvo:.
Tc ircctorGcncral strcsscd Alcjandros
lundamcntal contribution to iccvo:s work
ovcr thc ycars, in particular to thc annual
Architcctural Conscrvation coursc (~vc),
and to thc promotion worldwidc ol thc
conscrvation ol carthcn architccturc.
!n 2006, Hcrb Stovcl, lormcr Unit
ircctor ol thc Hcritagc Scttlcmcnts
Unit at iccvo:, was awardcd thc Mcdal
ol thc rdcr lor Mcrits to Lithuania lor
scrviccs to thc protcction and prcscrvation
ol Lithuanian cultural hcritagc. His
conscrvation work in Lithuania was
carricd out initially as a consultant lor
thc Canadian Urban !nstitutc and thcn as
a sta mcmbcr lor iccvo:, particularly
within thc lramcwork ol thc !ntcgratcd
Tcrritorial and Urban Conscrvation (i:uc)
programmc.
Fellows and interns
Toby Raphacl hcld a vcmonth lcllowship
at iccvo: lrom May to Scptcmbcr 2005. Hc
is a scnior conscrvator at thc U.S. National
Park Scrvicc (xvs) and works at its ccntral
cxhibit lacility whcrc hc scrvcs as cxhibition
conscrvation coordinator lor cxhibits
nationwidc. uring his timc at iccvo:, hc
dcvclopcd a sct ol practical standards to assist
managcrs, cxhibit spccialists, and muscum
sta in gcncral, in thc salc cxhibition ol
vulncrablc muscum collcctions. Tcsc will bc
publishcd on thc intcrnct in 2006.
r Cao Lijuan hcld a thrccmonth
lcllowship lrom Scptcmbcr to Novcmbcr
2005. Shc rcccntly complctcd hcr doctoratc
in Cultural Gcography (National Parks
and Vorld Hcritagc Rcscarch) at 8cijing
Univcrsity. uring hcr stay at iccvo:
r Lijuan invcstigatcd aspccts ol thc
conscrvation ol historic gardcns and cultural
landscapcs in !taly.
r Hicran Topu was awardcd a thrcc
months lcllowship lrom Fcbruary to April
2006. r Topu, who participatcd in iccvo:s
!ntcrnational Coursc on !ntcgratcd Tcrritorial
and Urban Conscrvation in 2003, holds a
ICCROM News and Events
Dr Abdel-Aziz Daoulatli accepts the
ICCROM Award for 2005.
Jos Luiz Pedersoli Junior joined
ICCROM in 2005 as Research Scientist.
ICCROM MATTERS
oci@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
6
ICCROM Courses
December 2005November
2005
Core Regional Course on
Conservation of Archaeological
Sites, Tripoli, Lebanon. 14
November-22 December 2005,
16-27 January 2006. Organized
by ICCROM in collaboration with
the Universit Libanaise, UNESCO
Beirut Ofce, DGA (General
Directorate of Antiquities, Ministry
of Culture, Lebanon), DGAM
(General Directorate of Antiquities
& Museums, Ministry of Culture,
Syria), DGA (Department of
Antiquities, Ministry of Tourism &
Antiquities, Jordan).
Asian Academy for Heritage
Management: 2005 Field School
Conservation and Presentation
of Archaeological Heritage in an
Urban Context, Hanoi, Vietnam.
1-12 December 2005. Organized
by ICCROM in collaboration
with UNESCO Bangkok, Deakin
University, Hanoi Architectural
Research Institute and Hanoi
Architectural University.
International Course: Conservation
of Southeast Asian Collections in
Storage, Manila, the Philippines.
8-31 May 2006. Organized by
ICCROM in collaboration with
SEAMEO-SPAFA, the National
Museum of the Philippines and the
University of Santo Tomas.
Third International Course on
the Conservation of Modern
Architecture (MARC 2006), Suburban
developments of the Recent Past:
Visions Realities Futures, Helsinki,
Finland. 13 May-9 June 2006.
Organized by the Alvar Aalto
Academy, Finnish National Board
of Antiquities, Tampere University
of Technology, Helsinki University
of Technology, Chalmers University
of Technology and ICCROM.
12th International Course on Wood
Conservation Technology (ICWCT
2006), Oslo, Norway. 29 May-7 July
2006. Organized by Riksantikvaren,
Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, Norwegian
Institute for Cultural Heritage
Research, the Museum of Cultural
History of Norway, and ICCROM.
4th Technical Course on the
Conservation of Rock Art Heritage,
Namibia. 17 July-10 August
2006. Organized by ICCROM
in collaboration with National
Museums of Namibia, the National
Heritage Council of Namibia and
the Southern African Rock Art
Project.
Ph.. in Architcctural Rcstoration lrom thc
Middlc ast Tcchnical Univcrsity (:v:u)
in Ankara. uring hcr stay at iccvo:, shc
carricd out rcscarch on Risk Managcmcnt
lor Cultural Hcritagc in South ast Anatolia
a pilot study lor thc cultural landscapc ol
Hasankcyl .
r Robcrt Vallcr was a Fcllow lrom
March to August 2006. Hc has a Ph..
lrom Gtcborg Univcrsity !nstitutc lor
Conscrvation and is currcntly Chicl ol
Conscrvation at thc Canadian Muscum ol
Naturc in ttawa. uring his lcllowship, hc
invcstigatcd busincss scctors such as insurancc
and thc protcction ol commcrcial propcrtics
to scc how thcy could makc a major
contribution to improving thc managcmcnt
and risk asscssmcnt ol cultural hcritagc.
Prolcssor Guo Xuan lrom thc Faculty ol
Architccturc and Urban Planning, Chingquin
Univcrsity, China, was awardcd a twomonth
lcllowship, lrom April to May 2006, to carry
out rcscarch into Architcctural conscrvation
in cultural contcxts: China. Tc rcgional
intcrprctation ol intcrnational principlcs.
uring thc last twclvc months, Sarath
Chandra 8oyapati, Sarah Clcary, Tscpang
Shano and Ulla \isschcr havc all hcld
intcrnships at iccvo:. Sarath Chandra
8oyapati was a mcmbcr ol thc tcam that
prcparcd thc Managcmcnt Plan lor thc
Hampi Vorld Hcritagc sitc in !ndia, and
has cxpcricncc ol working with thc !ndian
National Trust lor Arts and Culturc. Vhilc
at iccvo:, hc assistcd thc Sitcs Unit in thc
dcvclopmcnt ol thc training workshop hcld
in Tailand in Novcmbcr 2005 undcr thc
Living Hcritagc Sitcs programmc.
Sarah Clcary hcld a thrccmonth
intcrnship sponsorcd by us/ico:os and
supportcd by a gcncrous grant lrom thc
Samucl H. Krcss Foundation. Vhilc at
iccvo:, shc collaboratcd on an cvaluation
ol thc conscrvation rcquircmcnts ol thc
Protcstant Ccmctcry in Romc (scc pagc 15).
Tscpang Shano assistcd with thc
prcparation ol coursc matcrial lor thc scvcnth
Rcgional Coursc on Conscrvation and
Managcmcnt ol !mmovablc Hcritagc hcld in
Mombasa (AugustNovcmbcr 2005) undcr
thc Alrica 2009 programmc. Shc works
on immovablc hcritagc at thc Ministry ol
Tourism and Culturc in Lcsotho.
Ulla \isschcr ol \ancouvcr is currcntly
a graduatc studcnt at thc School ol Library,
Archival and !nlormation Studics (si~is),
Univcrsity ol 8ritish Columbia. Vhilc at
iccvo:, shc workcd with thc ocumcntation
Scrvicc, Library and Archivc to crcatc a
prcscrvation and managcmcnt plan lor thc
iccvo: imagc archivcs.
Adopt a Mediterranean Heritage
iccvo: is participating with thc uromcd
Hcritagc programmc in a ncw initiativc
callcd Adopt a Mcditcrrancan Hcritagc. Tc
programmc brings togcthcr cultural agcncics
conccrncd with cndangcrcd Mcditcrrancan
hcritagc and potcntial intcrnational invcstors.
(scc www.curomcdhcritagc.nct)
Conservation Research Group
!n 2005, thc Conscrvation Rcscarch Group
(cvc) was crcatcd within iccvo: with thc
aim ol strcngthcning thc organizations ability
to lull onc ol its statutory lunctions ol
coordination, stimulation and disscmination
ol rcscarch. !t is an intcrdisciplinary
tcam, spanning archacology, art history,
conscrvation, conscrvation scicncc and urban
planning, rcccting thc incrcasing complcxity
ol conscrvation rcscarch.
Tc locus ol rcscarch in conscrvation is
ncccssarily linkcd to an objcct within a spccic
cultural contcxt, that objcct can bc as small
and lragilc as a tcxtilc lragmcnt or as largc
and apparcntly solid as a tcmplc in Angkor.
8ut catcgorics and typologics ol objccts havc
bccn constantly cxpanding, duc to rcscarch and
incrcascd awarcncss, and now includc cultural
landscapcs, anthropological itcms, and idcas
and bclicls linkcd to objccts or placcs (many
subsumcd undcr thc catcgory ol intangiblc
hcritagc). Vith such cxpandcd tcrms ol
rclcrcncc, an intcrdisciplinary approach to
conscrvationrcstoration is a ncccssity: it must
includc communitics and stakcholdcrs, as wcll
as dicrcnt ways ol looking and sccing thc
objcct and its contcxt, and dicrcnt ways ol
rcscarching and undcrstanding.
Currcntly, thc cvc is working on a history ol
iccvo: to cclcbratc thc long 50th annivcrsary
ol iccvo:, lrom 1956, thc ycar in which thc
crcation ol an intcrnational conscrvation and
rcscarch ccntrc was approvcd, to 1959 whcn
thc ccntrc startcd lunctioning. Tis rcscarch
projcct will not bc a mcrc chronological
succcssion ol cvcnts, but rathcr an analysis
and intcrdisciplinary story ol thc cvolution ol
conscrvationrcstoration, within iccvo:, and all
thc Mcmbcr Statcs involvcd in thc numcrous
activitics spanning its rst lty ycars.
ICCROM MATTERS
oci@iccrom.org
7
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
ICCROM website redesigned
Tc iccvo: wcbsitc was rcdcsigncd in
spring 2006 to takc account ol cmcrging ncw
standards lor wcbsitc dcsign. Tc rcdcsign
was carricd out with thc support ol thc
!talian Vorking Group ol thc uropcan
Mincrva Projcct, a nctwork ol Ministrics
lrom uropcan Mcmbcr Statcs (www.
mincrvacuropc.org). Tc objcctivcs ol thc
projcct wcrc to crcatc an agrccd uropcan
common platlorm and standards lor thc
digitisation ol cultural and scicntic contcnt
on thc wcb, and to cnsurc longtcrm
acccssibility and prcscrvation.
Tc !talian Vorking Group ol thc Mincrva
Projcct dcvclopcd a prototypc wcbsitc bascd
on prior idcntication ol uscr nccds, contcnt
analysis and spccic quality critcria lor wcb
applications, lor cxamplc taking into account
dicrcnt disabilitics and avoiding thc usc ol
colours that can harm cycsight. iccvo: was
invitcd to participatc as a casc study lor thc
projcct and bcnctcd lrom thc cxpcrtisc ol thc
group and its mcthodological approach to wcb
dcvclopmcnt.
Recent publications from ICCROM
uring thc last twclvc months, iccvo: has
publishcd thc lollowing titlcs:
Traditional Conservation Practices in
Africa (iccvo: Conscrvation Studics 2),
cditcd by Ticrry Joroy,
Conservation of Living Religious Heritage
(iccvo: Conscrvation Studics 3), cditcd
by Hcrb Stovcl, Nicholas StanlcyPricc
and Robcrt Killick,
Te Preservation of Great Zimbabwe.
Your Monument, Our Shrine (iccvo:
Conscrvation Studics 4) by Vcbbcr
Ndoro, and
Legal Frameworks for the Protection of
Immovable Cultural Heritage in Africa
(iccvo: Conscrvation Studics 5), cditcd
by Vcbbcr Ndoro and Gilbcrt Pwiti.
All iccvo: publications, as wcll as a
sclcction ol thosc lrom othcr publishcrs, can
now bc purchascd dircctly onlinc lrom thc
iccvo: bookshop, using a sccurc crcdit card
paymcnt systcm.
Conservation and Management of
Archaeological Sites (CMAS)
Tc pccrrcvicwcd journal Conservation and
Management of Archaeological Sites (c:~s),
which is jointly publishcd by arthscan/
Jamcs & Jamcs and iccvo:, is now acccpting

submissions in Frcnch, !talian and Spanish

in addition to nglish. !l acccptcd lor
publication altcr rcvicw, thc papcrs arc thcn
translatcd into nglish lor thcir publication.
ach articlc is accompanicd by abstracts
in nglish, Frcnch and Spanish. c:~s is
thc only journal covcring both thcorctical
and practical issucs in archacological sitc
conscrvation.
Obituaries
Dr Omotoso Eluyemi, ircctor ol thc
National Commission ol Muscums and
Monumcnts ol Nigcria, dicd on 18 Fcbruary
2006 at thc agc ol 58. r motoso was a
man ol scvcral titlcs: Chicl ol !lc, thc Apcna
ol !lc, and thc kaomcc ol !gboukwu
among othcrs. Most ol his prolcssional
collcagucs rclcrrcd to him as Chicl
motoso. Chicl motoso was Chairman
ol thc ~vvic~ :oo Stccring Committcc
lrom 2004 to 2005. Hc was a distinguishcd
scholar, writcr and an accomplishcd orator.
Hc was appointcd to thc post ol ircctor
Gcncral ol thc National Commission ol
Muscums and Monumcnts in 2000 and was
succcsslul in sccuring thc rcpatriation ol
Nigcrian antiquitics. Hc was also a \icc
Chair ol thc Vorld Hcritagc Committcc
lrom 2003 to 2005.
Professor Roberto Di Stefano, architcct
and cnginccr, passcd away on 16 Junc 2005.
Hc was thc pupil ol (and succcssor to)
Robcrto Panc as Prolcssor in Rcstoration
at thc Univcrsity ol Naplcs, onc ol thc
signatorics ol thc \cnicc Chartcr, and
a major contributor to thc dcnition ol
modcrn rcstoration thcory, oltcn rclcrrcd
to as rcstauro critico. Prolcssor i
Stclano was an activc mcmbcr ol ico:os
and a longtimc prcsidcnt ol thc !talian
National Committcc lor ico:os. Hc had
a longstanding and lricndly rclationship
with iccvo:, and took part in many joint
mcctings and conlcrcnccs.
Dr Trba Togola dicd on 7 Novcmbcr
2005, at thc agc ol 57. Hc was thc National
ircctor ol Cultural Hcritagc ol Mali.
r Togola pursucd a brilliant carccr as a
rcscarchcr in thc Human Scicnccs !nstitutc
in Mali and was subscqucntly appointcd
National ircctor lor thc Arts and Culturc.
Hc playcd a kcy rolc in promoting iccvo:
in his homc country, and also madc an
invaluablc contribution as a mcmbcr ol thc
Stccring Committcc ol ~vvic~ :oo.
ICCROM Courses (contd)
Specialised Course on
Documentation and Management
of Heritage Sites in the Arab Region,
Bosra, Syria and Umm Qais
(Gedara), Jordan. 28 August-21
September 2006. Organized
by ICCROM in collaboration
with ALECSO (The Arab League
Educational, Cultural and Scientic
Organization), DGAM (General
Directorate of Antiquities &
Museums, Ministry of Culture,
Syria), DoA (Department of
Antiquities, Ministry of Tourism
& Antiquities, Jordan) and DGA
(General Directorate of Antiquities,
Ministry of Culture, Lebanon).
Regional Course on archaeological
conservation in Southeast
Europe 2006: Documentation,
diagnosis and planning for
conservation of archaeological
heritage, Archaeological
site of Sirmium, Serbia and
Montenegro. 28 August-22
September 2006. Organized by
ICCROM in collaboration with
the Diana Centre for Preventive
Conservation, National Museum,
Belgrade.
8th Regional Course on
Conservation & Management of
Immovable Cultural Heritage in
sub-Saharan Africa, Porto-Novo,
Benin. 4 September-24 November
2006. Organized by ICCROM in
collaboration with the Direction
du Patrimoine Culturel of Benin.
International Course on
Conservation of Japanese Paper,
Tokyo, Japan. 11-30 September
2006. Organized by the National
Research Institute for Cultural
Properties and ICCROM.
Reducing Risks to Collections,
Ottawa, Canada. 16-27 October
2006. Organized by the CCI
(Canadian Conservation Institute)
and ICCROM in collaboration with
the ICN (Netherlands Institute
for Cultural Heritage) and CMN
(Canadian Museum of Nature).
International Course on Sharing
Conservation Decisions, Rome, Italy.
16 October-10 November 2006.
Organized by ICCROM together
with the INP (Institut National du
Patrimoine), ICR (Istituto Centrale
per il Restauro) and OPD (Opicio
delle Pietre Dure).
ICCROM MATTERS
oci@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
8
!n situations ol armcd conict, buildings
and placcs that arc symbolic ol thc cncmys
cultural hcritagc arc somctimcs thc targct ol
dclibcratc attacks. Tc tacit goal in dcstroying
symbolically important objccts or placcs is
to sap cncmy moralc. As a stratcgy it has
a long rccord in thc history ol war. Tc
uxvsco cclaration (2003) conccrning thc
intcntional dcstruction ol cultural hcritagc
has bccn dcvclopcd in rcsponsc to this
phcnomcnon.
8ut intcntional targcting is only onc
symptom ol thc impact ol armcd conict on
cultural hcritagc. Lcss commonly rcportcd
arc thc longtcrm cccts ol armcd conict on
a pcoplcs idcntity and scnsc ol bclonging to
a placc and, in turn, thc pcoplcs rcsponsc in
cnsuring thc survival ol its cultural hcritagc.
!n gcncral, thc rolc ol cultural hcritagc in
postwar rccovcry has rcccivcd much lcss
attcntion than it dcscrvcs.
!t is all too casy to lall into thc trap ol
concciving ol this rolc simply in tcrms ol
thc rcstoration ol wardamagcd buildings.
Rcstoration projccts can oltcn bc bcnccial
both psychologically, in rcviving thc potcncy
ol lamiliar symbols, and practically in
cnabling thc buildings to rcsumc thcir
prcvious lunctions. 8ut thc thcsis conccrning
culturc and rccovcry lrom war is much
broadcr than that. As thc anthropologist
\alcnc Smith has writtcn: Vars arc without
cqual as thc timcmarkcrs ol socicty. Livcs
arc so irrcvocably changcd that culturc and
bchavior arc markcd by thrcc phascs: bclorc
thc war, during thc war, and altcr thc
war. !t is sobcring to rccct how oltcn thcsc
or similar phrascs must bc uscd around thc
world today.
Tc aim ol thc 2005 iccvo: Forum was to
bring togcthcr cxpcricnccs that dcmonstratc
that cultural hcritagc docs play an important
rolc in rccovcry lrom situations ol armcd
conict (and, ol coursc, ol natural disastcrs).
Vhilc humanitarian goals ol adcquatc
housing, lood and hcalth arc suprcmc in thc
postwar pcriod, thcsc arc most succcsslully
accomplishcd whcn thcir cultural contcxt
is lully undcrstood. Morcovcr, cvcn in thc
midst ol thcsc basic human nccds, in many
postwar situations thcrc is cvidcncc ol a
popular conccrn lor immcdiatc rcstoration
ol wardamagcd hcritagc and lor thc rcvival
ol obsolcsccnt traditions. Tis conccrn sccms
to answcr to a strong psychosocial nccd to
rccstablish thc lamiliar and thc chcrishcd
lollowing a phasc ol violcnt disruption ol
normal lilc. Tc crucial rolc ol culturc must bc
rccognizcd and incorporatcd in thc rccovcry
proccss, lor rcasons both social and cconomic.
Culture in the recovery from conict
Cultural hcritagc plays an csscntial rolc in
maintaining a pcoplcs idcntity and armcd
conict rcprcscnts an cxtrcmc casc whcrc this
is thrcatcncd. Tc many currcnt situations
ol armcd conict in thc world madc thc
Forum cspccially timcly. Ncvcrthclcss, thc
aim was to sclcct cascs lor discussion lor
which it is possiblc alrcady to havc somc
historical pcrspcctivc, rathcr than locusing on
contcmporary thcatrcs ol war.
uring thc thrcc days ol thc Forum,
spccic cascs wcrc prcccdcd by morc gcncral
discussions ol thc placc ol cultural hcritagc
in thc postconict rcconstruction ol socicty
and thc impact ol war on idcntitics (scc list ol
prcscntcd papcrs). Crosscultural comparisons
wcrc also usclul in providing insights into
undcrstanding thc ncxus bctwccn cthnic/
rcligious a liations and spacc in dividcd
citics, such as 8cirut, 8cllast, Mostar, Nicosia
and Jcrusalcm.
Tc cascstudics camc lrom thc
Amcricas, Asia and Alrica in addition to
uropc. Tcir vcry divcrsity might havc
wcighcd against any casy gcncralisations
about cultural hcritagc and armcd conict.
Howcvcr, acccpting that cach situation
dcscrvcs to bc asscsscd within its own
contcxt, thcrc wcrc thcmcs that constantly
rccurrcd in thc discussions.
!n lact, thcy suggcst a numbcr ol
important tcntativc conclusions:
Attcntion to cultural hcritagc is indccd
csscntial in thc postwar rccovcry
proccss, most importantly lor its rolc
in maintaining lcclings ol continuity
but also lor its cconomic potcntial lor
cmploymcnt and incomcgcncration in
thc immcdiatc postwar pcriod.
!ntcntional targcting tcnds to bc
countcrproductivc, rcinlorcing thc will
to rcsist rathcr than sapping moralc.
Physical scparation barricrs, as lound
in dividcd citics such as Nicosia and
8cllast, arc a symptom ol scvcrc social
brcakdown bctwccn communitics and
tcnd only to cxaccrbatc prcjudiccs in thc
longtcrm.
A popular urgc to rcstorc damagcd
public buildings can manilcst itscll

Cultural Heritage in Post-Conflict Recovery

Nicholas Stanley-Price
ICCROM FORUM 4-6 October
2005
Armed conict and conservation:
promoting cultural heritage in
post-war recovery
Invited speakers
Sultan Barakat (Post-War
Reconstruction and Development
Unit, University of York, UK)
Post-conict reconstruction and the
recovery of cultural heritage.
Neal Ascherson (author and
journalist for The Observer, UK)
Cultural destruction by war, and its
impact on group identities.
Jon Calame (Minerva Partners Inc.,
New York, USA)
Divided cities and ethnic conict in
the urban domain.
Gary Yia Lee (anthropologist, NSW,
Australia)
Hmong post-war identity
production: heritage maintenance
and cultural reinterpretation.
Hermann Graf von Pckler
(Kuratorium of Branitz, Germany)
Recovering a family heritage: a
personal experience in East Germany.
Suad Amiry and Khaldun Bshara
(Riwaq Center for Architectural
Conservation, Palestinian
Territories)
Political conict and recovery of
cultural heritage in Palestine.
Valerie Magar (ICCROM)
Armed conict and culture change
in Chiapas, Mexico.
Gamini Wijesuriya (ICCROM)
The restoration of the Temple of the
Sacred Tooth Relic in Sri Lanka: a
post-conict cultural response to loss
of identity.
Boureima Tikoroni Diamitani
(West African Museums
Programme, Senegal)
Armed conicts, peace culture and
protection of cultural heritage in
West Africa.
Hortense Zagbayou (Muse des
Civilisations de Cte dIvoire)
Promoting cultural heritage in a post-
war environment: the Cte dIvoire.
Hctor Ismael Sermeo (Director
Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural,
El Salvador)
Promoting cultural heritage in post-
war recovery: El Salvador.
The papers presented at the Forum
will be published by ICCROM in
the ICCROM Conservation Studies
series.
ICCROM FORUM
iccrom@iccrom.org
9
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
immcdiatcly altcr thc ccssation ol
hostilitics, tcstilying to thc powcr ol
visiblc cultural symbols in thc rccovcry
proccss (lor cxamplc, Covcntry
Cathcdral in 1945, ubrovnik in 1993,
thc Tcmplc ol thc Sacrcd Tooth Rclic in
Sri Lanka in 1998).
Cralt rcvival and maintcnancc ol
cultural traditions postconict can
bc strong unilying lactors cvcn altcr
massivc displaccmcnt ol populations
(c.g. among thc Hmong community
dispcrscd worldwidc altcr thc Lao
civil war (19531973) and lor thc
Salvadorcnos, ol whom somc 2.7 million
arc cstimatcd to havc cmigratcd during
thc twclvc ycars ol thc civil war that
brokc out in 1980).
Tc drivc to rccovcr oncs lamilys
hcritagc can bc powcrlul cvcn in thc
lacc ol lormidablc o cial obstaclcs,
cxcmplicd by thc Pucklcr cstatc ol
8ranitz in lormcr ast Gcrmany.
Tc valuc ol cultural hcritagc is wcll
known to thosc who would cxploit it in
timcs ol lawlcssncss but insu cicntly to
pcoplc in gcncral, a sccnario in which
muscums havc a lcading rolc to play (c.g.
in Vcst Alrica).
Cultural idcntitics may bc translormcd
as a rcsult ol armcd conict (lor
instancc, among thc Hmong and also
in Chiapas undcr thc Zapatistas) but a
scnsc ol placc and bclonging rcmains
lundamcntal to human cxpcricncc.
What role for the professionals?
Tc Forum concludcd with an uncomlortablc
qucstion: whcrcas, as wc had concludcd, it
is possiblc to documcnt thc importancc ol
culturc in thc rccovcry proccss, how activc
a rolc arc cultural hcritagc prolcssionals
playing in postconict situations: !t is onc
thing to arguc lor incorporating culturc in
thc rccovcry proccss but to what cxtcnt arc
thc political authoritics and humanitarian
organizations convinccd ol thc samc: Unlcss
convinccd to thc contrary, thcy would arguc
that othcr prioritics takc prcccdcncc and
culturc must wait.
So, thcrc is a casc that has to bc madc
this was thc prcmisc ol thc Forum. Vho
is bcst placcd to makc it and how can it bc
madc most ccctivcly: Hcrc thc prolcssionals,
cspccially thosc rcprcscnting intcrnational
organizations, can nd thcmsclvcs in a

quandary. As Jon Calamc obscrvcd at thc

Forum with rclcrcncc to dividcd citics, a
dilcmma is unavoidablc: to participatc is
incvitably pcrccivcd as bcing partisan, whilc
inaction squandcrs opportunitics to assist
traumatizcd communitics. Ncithcr option
prcscnts clcar prospccts lor satislaction and
succcss. Tc ncutrality and objcctivity that arc
so much part ol thc prolcssionals ordinary
mindsct cannot bc sustaincd. Prolcssionals
attcmpting to avoid taking sidcs oltcn nd
that a political a liation has bccn assigncd to
thcm, sincc noncommittal bchaviour can bc
vicwcd by both rivals and critics ol thc statc
as a tacit a rmation ol thc status quo.
!t is important to acknowlcdgc thcsc
rcalitics ol conict situations without
allowing thcm to diminish thc urgcncy ol
making thc casc lor cultural hcritagc. Tc
participants in thc Forum agrccd that wc
nccd to bc morc visiblc in postconict
situations and to dcmonstratc why. !n a
world rivcn by armcd conicts, thcrc has
ncvcr bccn a grcatcr nccd lor advocatcs ol
cultural hcritagc to contributc activcly to
rcconstruction and rcconciliation goals.
Nicholas Stanley-Price was Director-
General of ICCROM from 2000 to 2005.
Top: the Pckler estate of Branitz in
former East Germany.
Bottom left: A Jain Temple in Lahore,
Pakistan, collapses after being attacked
by Muslim protesters in December 1992.
Bottom right: Hmong embroidery used
as decoration for womens traditional
costumes.

S
t
i
f
t
u
n
g

F

r
s
t

P

c
k
l
e
r

M
u
s
e
u
m

P
a
r
k

u
n
d

S
c
h
l
o
s
s

B
r
a
n
i
t
z

A
F
P

G
a
r
y
Y
i
a

L
e
e
ICCROM FORUM
iccrom@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
10
mcrgcncy prcparcdncss is a topic that
most muscums bclicvc to bc important
but oltcn nd di cult to allocatc timc and
rcsourccs to. mcrgcncics, altcr all, do not
happcn cvcryday, and it is casy to postponc
taking action to put into ccct cvcn basic
prcparcdncss and mitigation mcasurcs.
For thc :iv: partncrs, it was important
not simply to givc a coursc but to hclp
institutions initiatc thc long proccss ol risk
asscssmcnt and cmcrgcncy prcparcdncss.
Tat mcant crcating an cducation modcl
that would cxtcnd thc cxpcricncc ol a coursc
workshop into thc institutional contcxts
in which thc participants workcd, and givc
traincrs/mcntors an opportunity to providc
ongoing support and cncouragcmcnt.
To scrvc this goal, Tcamwork lor !ntcgratcd
mcrgcncy Managcmcnt was dcvclopcd as
a thrccphasc coursc sprcad ovcr a pcriod
ol cight months: a twowcck introductory
workshop (1526 August, 2005) in 8angkok,
Tailand, a scvcnmonth distanccmcntoring
phasc (Scptcmbcr 2005March 2006), and a
rcvicw phasc ( Junc 2006).
According to vclyn sgucrra and Robcrto
8alarbar lrom thc National Muscum ol
Philippincs in Manila:
istancc mcntoring was ablc to
bridgc thc gap bctwccn thc traincrs/
mcntors and participants dcspitc
dicrcnccs in timc and locations. Tc
traincrs/mcntors wcrc ablc to guidc
thc participants as wcll as chcck thc
assigncd tasks givcn to thcm. ach
monthly progrcss rcport submittcd
by participants had a corrcsponding
rcsponsc and cvaluation lrom thc
mcntors. !t was vcry usclul lor thc
participants to know whcthcr thcy
wcrc doing thc right things and wcrc
on thc right path in thc opinion ol
thcir mcntors and traincrs.
uring thc distanccmcntoring phasc,
participants workcd in thcir own institutions
on a programmcdctcrmincd by thcmsclvcs
and thcir institutional collcagucswhich
took thcm through thc proccsscs ol a
muscum risk asscssmcnt and thc basic
stcps ol an cmcrgcncy plan. A limitcd
acccss coursc wcbsitc was sct up to lacilitatc
communication during this phasc.
ngoing support and cxchangc ol
inlormation via distancc mcntoring hclpcd to
maintain a lorward momcntum and, in somc
cascs, brought a changc in thinking at thc
institutional lcvcl. For cxamplc, at thc \ictnam
Muscum ol thnology, Hanoi, conscrvation
sta, with approval lrom thc 8oard ol
ircctors, changcd thc titlc ol thc Firc
Prcvcntion and Fighting Tcam to isastcr
Prcvcntion Tcam. Tis rccctcd a changc ol
institutional thinking as wcll as a rolc changc
within thc tcam, cnabling it to locus on thc
widcr arca ol disastcr managcmcnt.
Nguycn Ti Hong Mai and Lc Anh Hoa,
participants lrom \ictnam commcntcd:
Tcrc is now a ncw cmphasis on
thc skills and knowlcdgc rcquircd
to prcvcnt and managc various risks
spccically hazardous to thc muscum
and its collcction, including natural
and manmadc disastcrs as wcll as
rclativcly slowcr risks such as pcst
inlcstations.
Vhilc thc tcam in Colombo National
Muscum, Sri Lanka has initiatcd a nation
widc campaign lor incrcasing awarcncss
on cmcrgcncy prcparcdncss lor muscum
collcctions, thcir lcllow participants in thc
National Muscum ol thnology, saka,
Japan havc crcatcd an incidcnts rcgistcr to
inlorm thcir risk managcmcnt programmc.
All monthly progrcss updatcs and mcntors
rcsponscs imbucd a scnsc ol tcamwork and
sharcd accomplishmcnt.
Tc coursc was conccivcd as an cxpcrimcnt
to dctcrminc whcthcr it was possiblc to
crcatc an cducation modcl to providc
inlormation and support to participants
bcyond thc boundarics ol a traditional coursc
or workshop. Tc cxpcricncc rcvcalcd to
participants, instructors and thc partncrs thc
bcncts ol building a community ol practicc
that draws upon collcctivc cxpcricncc to
achicvc changc.
Tis can bc bcst summcd up in thc words
ol thc tcam lrom thc National Muscum ol
Philippincs:
Tis typc ol communication is likc
an opcn lcarning proccss whcrc lrcc
cxchangc ol inlormation is possiblc.
Sincc all thc inlormation gaincd lrom
thc rst phasc has bccn applicd to thc
sccond phasc in thc :iv: coursc, it has
bccn possiblc to obscrvc and analyzc
rcsults. Although, incvitably, thcrc arc
somc tcchnological problcms bcyond
our control, wc bclicvc that distancc
mcntoring in thc arcas ol prolcssional
dcvclopmcnt and training is a modc ol
lcarning wcll worth pursuing.
Teamwork for Integrated Emergency Management (TIEM)
Kathleen Dardes (GCI) and Aparna Tandon (ICCROM)
TIEM
TIEM has been organized
within the framework of the
MEP (Museums Emergency
Programme) education initiative.
MEP is a response to the
needs expressed by museum
professionals all over the world
to develop expertise in the areas
of emergency preparedness and
response.
Partners
ICCROM
The International Council of
Museums (ICOM)
The Getty Conservation Institute
(GCI)
Participants
National Museum of Cambodia,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
National Museum of Man, Bhopal,
India
National Museum of Ethnology,
Osaka, Japan
National Museum of Korea, Seoul,
Republic of Korea
National Museum of the
Philippines, Manila, Philippines
Colombo National Museum, Sri
Lanka
National Museum, Bangkok,
Thailand
Vietnam Museum of Ethnology,
Hanoi, Vietnam
Additional participants include:
representatives of Graduate
Programmes in Museology of
Hanoi University of Culture,
Vietnam, and of the University of
Philippines, Manila; Art Gallery of
Hamilton, Ontario; and Canadian
Conservation Institute, Ottawa,
Canada.
Kathleen Dardes is Senior Project
Specialist, Education, at The Getty
Conservation Institute.
Post-disaster recovery training exercise
at Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, Hanoi.
PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION
collections@iccrom.org
11
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
Tc Vorld Tourism rganization lorccasts
that thc numbcr ol tourists travclling lrom
onc country to anothcr will incrcasc lrom 700
million today to 1.5 billion in 2020. Cultural
hcritagc is a strong motivc lor pcoplc to travcl
and, thcrclorc, a kcy lactor in dcvcloping
tourism. cspitc a growing awarcncss ol thc
nccd to protcct cultural hcritagc, it is vital to
takc into account thc potcntial dcstruction
to thc natural and cultural cnvironmcnt
causcd by mass tourism. 8ut rathcr than
ccnsuring tourism, which constitutcs an
indispcnsablc rcsourcc lor many countrics,
hcritagc organizations should, togcthcr with
tourism prolcssionals, implcmcnt a joint
action plan to makc travcllcrs morc awarc ol
thc vulncrability ol cultural hcritagc and ol
thc nccd to protcct it.
iccvo:s rst initiativc in this arca was a
workshop on thc usc ol travcl guidcbooks to
raisc awarcncss about hcritagc conscrvation
(scc iccvo: Ncwslcttcr 30 (2004): 8).
Rcsults arising lrom this workshop includc
thc printing ol mcssagcs on thc lragility
ol cultural hcritagc in thc latcst cditions
or rcprints ol thc Loncly Planct (Frcnch
cdition), Michclin (Frcnch and !talian
cditions) and Touring Club guidcbooks.
Subscqucntly, in 2005, iccvo: and
uxvsco dccidcd to targct othcr scctors
ol thc tourist industry that wcrc capablc
ol rcaching largc numbcrs ol travcllcrs. A
sccond workshop, cvcloping Tourism and
Protccting Cultural Hcritagc: a Challcngc lor
thc TwcntyFirst Ccntury, was hcld which
locuscd on national tourism boards and tour
opcrator associations alrcady awarc ol thc
issuc ol rcsponsiblc tourism.
Tc aim ol thc workshop was to gathcr
thc various points ol vicw and pcrsonal
cxpcricnccs ol travcl prolcssionals, and to
cxplorc ways in which thcir clicnts could bc
madc awarc ol thc nccd to collaboratc on
hcritagc conscrvation.
uring thc workshop, thc spcakcrs
prcscntcd livcly and thoughtprovoking
accounts ol thcir rcscarch and cxpcricnccs.
!n particular, ilccn 8rcnnan, lrom I
Viaggi del Ventaglio, discusscd thc rcsults
ol a study on thc changing prolc ol thc
avcragc tourist ovcr thc last twcntyvc
ycars. Tc study rcvcalcd that todays tourist
is lcss matcrialistic than prcviously, and is
not locuscd cxclusivcly on thc pursuit ol
pcrsonal plcasurc. Tc ncw tourists wish
to undcrstand thc country thcy arc going
Travel Operators: New Partners in Protecting Cultural Heritage
to visit bclorc thcy dcpart, and to prcparc
accordingly. Tcy want morc cnriching
cxpcricnccs, and arc rcady to givc up ccrtain
comlorts on condition that thcy nd thc
sitcs rclativcly unspoilt. 8ascd on this ncw
trcnd, busincsscs havc crcatcd a ncw typc
ol cnvironmcntal guidc and ocr popular
travcl packagcs that includc, apart lrom thc
usual lcaturcs, naturc conscrvation activitics
in which tourists can participatc with thc
local communitics.
!n his prcscntation, Andrcas Mucsclcr,
ol i:u Touristik, highlightcd thc closc link
bctwccn cultural hcritagc and thc tourist
industry. According to onc study, 79 ol
pcoplc survcycd bclicvcd that thc intcgrity
ol thc natural cnvironmcnt is an csscntial
lactor in thc choicc ol a dcstination, 70
would likc to rcccivc qualicd inlormation
on cultural hcritagc in thcir own languagc,
and 81 considcr thc natural cnvironmcnt
as important as thc cultural and social
cnvironmcnts. Such rcsults will play an
important rolc in dctcrmining thc luturc
stratcgics ol thc tourist industry.
thcr organizations arc also working
on awarcncss initiativcs. A group ol
tour opcrators havc crcatcd a nctwork,
Tour pcrators !nitiativcs (:oi), which
is supportcd by thc Unitcd Nations
nvironmcnt Programmc (uxvv), uxvsco,
and thc Vorld Tourism rganization
(w:o). Tc aim ol thc nctwork is to dcvclop
rcsponsiblc tourism and diusc matcrial
lor awarcncssraising campaigns. uxvv has
crcatcd a scrics ol tools (brochurcs, lcacts,
postcrs, cuvo:s and passports) to protcct
coral rccls, which havc bccn disscminatcd
throughout thc nctwork.
Clcarly, tourism prolcssionals arc
alrcady involvcd in protccting thc natural
cnvironmcnt. !t should not bc di cult,
thcrclorc, to convincc thcm to intcgratc
matcrial on cultural hcritagc into thcir
programmcs. Tc iccvo: cxpcricncc shows
that thcrc is a willingncss on thc part ol
thc tourism industry to listcn, and rcspond
to, thc nccd to promotc awarcncss among
tourists about thc lragility ol cultural
hcritagc.
Yct, whilc thcy arc willing to work
with thc cultural hcritagc scctor, thc lack
ol clcar, rcliablc inlormation is sccn as a
major stumbling block. !t is up to us, as
prolcssionals in hcritagc prcscrvation, to
rcach out and rcmcdy this shortcoming.
Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM) and Monica Ardemagni
Developing Tourism and
Protecting Cultural Heritage:
a Challenge for the Twenty-
First Century
Workshop, 5 - 6 September
2005
The workshop was attended
by twenty-two representatives
of national tourism boards,
embassies in Rome, national
and international tour operators
associations and national as well as
international institutions dealing
with conservation and/or cultural
tourism.
Partner
UNESCO
Update, March 2006
Following the workshop, the
Turkish Minister of Culture and
Tourism has decided to include a
message on raising awareness on
the fragility of cultural heritage in
promotional material for tourists.
Monica Ardemagni was a member of the
ICCROM staff and worked on advocacy
issues prior to her retirement in 2004.
PUBLIC ADVOCACY
collections@iccrom.org
Tourists visiting the Roman Forum
(May 2006).
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
12
UN Millennium Development
Goals
1 Eradicate extreme poverty by
2015
2 Achieve universal primary
education
3 Promote gender equality and
empower women
4 Reduce child mortality
5 Improve maternal health
6 Combat HIV/AIDs, malaria and
other diseases
7 Ensure environmental
sustainability
8 Develop a global partnership for
development
Millennium Development Goals and Cultural Heritage
Webber Ndoro and Maria Teresa Jaquinta (ICCROM)
!n 2000 thc Unitcd Nations proposcd cight
Millcnnium cvclopmcnt Goals (:ucs)
to promotc concrctc actions lor thc world
to addrcss cxtrcmc povcrty in its many
dimcnsions: incomc povcrty, hungcr, discasc,
lack ol adcquatc shcltcr, and cxclusion. Vith a
targct datc ol 2015, thc :ucs arc a rst attcmpt
to subjcct thc dcvclopmcnt proccss to thc
disciplinc ol showing that it can improvc livcs
on a largc scalc within an agrccd timclramc.
Vhcn thcy wcrc madc public, howcvcr, many
hcritagc prolcssionals must havc wondcrcd why
thcrc was no rclcrcncc to cultural hcritagc and
thc rolc that it can play in achicving thc :ucs.
nc ol thc most important aspcct ol thc
:ucs is thc locus not only on lack ol incomc,
but also on accompanying problcms such as
lack ol cducation, gcndcr incquality, inlcctious
discasc, and lcclings ol hopclcssncss, loss ol
idcntity, and lack ol scllcstccm. Tc cccts ol
povcrty go bcyond thc individual, impacting
on wholc communitics and nations, accting
thcir ability to sustain thcmsclvcs and thcir
ways ol lilc, including thcir cultural hcritagc
and historic cnvironmcnt.
Yct cultural hcritagc and thc historic
cnvironmcnt hclp rcinlorcc mcaning and
idcntity in individuals, and cohcsion in
communitics. !t lollows, thcrclorc, that thc
conscrvation ol historic buildings, towns,
landscapcs, and collcctions should havc an
important rolc to play in any mcaninglul
povcrty rcduction programmc lcading to
sustainablc cconomic dcvclopmcnt.
Tis sort ol dcvclopmcnt is only possiblc
through thc cmpowcrmcnt and involvcmcnt
ol local communitics in thc dccisionmaking
proccss An cxamplc is rclatcd in a book
publishcd by thc Vorld 8ank (M. Palmcr
(2003), Faith in Conservation: new approaches to
religions and the environment). Tc govcrnmcnt
ol Mongolia galvanizcd support lor national
dcvclopmcnt through thc rcbuilding ol onc ol
thc countrics most important cultural hcritagc
asscts, a bronzc statuc which was dcstroycd
in thc carly part ol thc twcnticth ccntury.
Rcbuilding thc statuc altcr thc collapsc ol thc
communist rcgimc unitcd Mongolians and
madc thcm proud ol thcir own culturc. 8y
locusing rst on this important symbol ol thcir
hcritagc, thc govcrnmcnt pavcd thc way lor a
morc hcalthy dcvclopmcnt proccss.
8ut conscrvation projccts can also havc
a morc dircct ccct on dcvclopmcnt goals.
Hcritagc prolcssionals should try, whcrc
possiblc, to link dcvclopmcnt objcctivcs to
conscrvation work. An cxamplc ol this typc ol
link can bc lound in a sitc projcct which took
placc in Kokologho, 8urkina Faso, as part ol
thc ~vvic~ :oo programmc. Tc projcct was
carricd out in partncrship with thc National
ircction ol Culturc Hcritagc and thc local
chicl and rcsidcnts ol thc cight villagcs which
makc up Kokologho. Tc projcct callcd
lor thc promotion and rcinlorccmcnt ol
traditional conscrvation practiccs to cnsurc
thc ongoing protcction ol thc chicl s palacc.
To aid in thc conscrvation work at thc sitc,
a solar lighting systcm was installcd and a
borcholc drillcd. Tis inlrastructurc, ncccssary
lor thc conscrvation work, now supplics
clcctricity and watcr to thc surrounding
communitics. !n addition, thc projcct brought
thc communitics togcthcr and cncouragcd
thcir participation in a way which rcinlorccd
thc valuc ol thcir hcritagc. Tus, both
conscrvation and dcvclopmcnt objcctivcs
wcrc achicvcd within onc projcct.
~vvic~ :oo has also incorporatcd othcr
aspccts ol thc :ucs into thc implcmcntation
ol thc programmc activitics, such as discussions
ol niv/~ius and thc rolc that hcritagc
prolcssionals can play in its prcvcntion, and
building thc capacity ol womcn as hcritagc
managcrs. !n lact, most ol thc iccvo: rcgional
programmcs, including CollAsia :o+o, ~:n~v,
and Living Hcritagc Sitcs, placc community
involvcmcnt and thc rolc that hcritagc can play
in thc lilc and dcvclopmcnt ol thc community
at thc ccntrc ol thcir stratcgics lor bcttcr
conscrvation ol thc cultural hcritagc.
Tc intcrnational community is now
bccoming morc awarc ol thc importancc ol
cultural hcritagc. Tc ux Gcncral Asscmbly
2005 Vorld Summit a rmcd that all culturcs
and civilizations contributc to thc cnrichmcnt
ol humankind, and rccogniscd thc importancc
ol rcspcct and undcrstanding lor rcligious and
cultural divcrsity throughout thc world.
Tc cultural hcritagc can providc an
cnabling cnvironmcnt within which thc :ucs
can addrcss dcvclopmcnt objcctivcs. Howcvcr,
cultural hcritagc managcrs must rccognizc that
in ordcr lor socicty to apprcciatc thc potcntial
ol cultural hcritagc, it will bc ncccssary to
put lorward thc ncccssary argumcnts and
casc studics to convincc both policymakcrs
and local communitics. 8y promoting this
cnlightcncd pcrspcctivc towards all human
nccds, cultural hcritagc will bc ablc to makc its
truc contribution to improving thc wcllbcing
ol humanity in thc luturc.
If you would like to comment on the
issues raised in this article, please write
to mtj@iccrom.org.
CULTURE & DEVELOPMENT
iccrom@iccrom.org
The local community of Kokhologo at a
stakeholder meeting.
13
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
COLLASIA 2010: Professionals on the Move
Tc solid and rootcd atmosphcrc ol muscums
oltcn makcs us lorgct how lar many ol thc
objccts in thc collcctions havc travcllcd. Tc
history ol matcrial culturc is also a history ol
movcmcnt: things havc bccn scnt, shippcd,
sold or lost, cnding up somctimcs in vcry
surprising locations. Vithout lorgctting thc
dccp tragcdy ol lootcd hcritagc, which has
lclt scrious scars on thc cultural idcntity ol
pcoplcs around thc world, thc richncss ol thc
storics cmbcddcd in thc travcls ol matcrial
culturc is a dccp rcsourcc.
Tc CollAsia 2010 programmc is also
putting thc prolcssionals involvcd in
conscrving this hcritagc on thc movc. Sincc
2002, vc activitics havc mobilizcd ovcr onc
hundrcd prolcssionals within thc Southcast
Asian countrics and bcyond. Vorkshops and
othcr activitics havc providcd opportunitics
lor groups ol up to twcntyvc collcagucs
to discuss issucs rclcvant to shaping sound
and sustainablc conscrvation actions. Vhilc
thcrc arc many rcgional mcchanisms ol
intcrnational collaboration in Southcast
Asia, so lar vcry lcw ol thcm havc cngagcd
thc conscrvation prolcssionals. Tc CollAsia
2010 workshops, organizcd in dicrcnt
countrics in collaboration with local hcritagc
institutions, ocr prccious opportunitics
lor prolcssionals to lcarn morc about thc
matcrial culturc in its dicrcnt lorms and in
varicd contcxts.
Today, thcrc is still vcry littlc publishcd
litcraturc on conscrvation ol Southcast
Asian movablc hcritagc. Tis makcs thc
cxpcricncc that individual prolcssionals havc
gaincd by working with collcctions in thcir
institutions a crucial rcsourcc lor building
thc knowlcdgc basc ol thc prolcssion in
thc rcgion. Tc didactic approach ol thc
workshops, locusing on problcm solving
and an intcractivc lcarning cnvironmcnt,
has highlightcd thc potcntial ol prolcssional
cxchangc as a kcy clcmcnt lor shaping a
sharcd undcrstanding ol thc spccicity ol
Southcast Asian collcctions.
!n August 2005, thc CollAsia 2010
workshop on Conscrvation ol tcxtilcs in
Southcast Asian collcctions took placc in
Lcidcn, Ncthcrlands. Tc utch National
Muscum ol thnography houscs cxtrcmcly
important collcctions lrom Asia. For
collcagucs working on thc prcscrvation
ol this hcritagc, both in Lcidcn and in
Southcast Asia, thc workshop ocrcd an
important opportunity to discuss approachcs
to mccting thc challcngcs thcy lacc in thcir
work. Furthcrmorc, thc Ncthcrlands was
also thc host lor thc Tricnnial mccting ol thc
ico:cc (!ntcrnational Council ol Muscums
Committcc lor Conscrvation) in 2005. Tc
CollAsia workshop was timcd to culminatc in
thc wholc group participating in thc ico:cc
mccting in Tc Haguc.
Twcntytwo ol thc twcntyvc ico:cc
conlcrcncc participants lrom Southcast Asia
took part in thc cvcnt thanks to thc prolcssional
dcvclopmcnt componcnt ol thc CollAsia
2010 programmc. Vhilc this is still too lcw
to rcprcscnt a rcgion ol 600 million pcoplc
in a gathcring ol ovcr 900 prolcssionals, such
participation was an important stcp lorward
in intcgrating Southcast Asian prolcssionals
with thc intcrnational community ol collcagucs.
Taking part in thc spccializcd working groups
ol thc ico:cc, which covcr subjccts ranging
lrom Tcory and history ol rcstoration to
Vct organic and archacological matcrials,
is a concrctc way ol contributing to thc
dcvclopmcnt ol thc prolcssion in Southcast
Asia.
!t is to bc hopcd that in thc ycars to comc
thc hcritagc institutions in Southcast Asia
will makc thc most ol such prolcssional
mcctings to lurthcr thc dcvclopmcnt ol
thcir sta: thcy arc important occasions
lor a rming thc prcscncc and rclcvancc ol
Southcast Asian muscums to intcrnational
discussions on thc luturc ol conscrvation
actions.
!n this world ol things that do not stay
in onc placc, thc intcrnational gathcring in
thc Ncthcrlands providcd valuablc contacts
with collcagucs lrom thosc countrics which
produccd somc ol thc objccts that havc
cndcd up in collcctions in cvcn thc rcmotcst
corncrs ol Southcast Asia. Taking carc ol
this matcrial culturc whcrcvcr it nds itscll
today is a sharcd challcngc ol thc hcritagc
prolcssionals worldwidc.
Movablc hcritagc has travcllcd back and
lorth bctwccn rcgions ol thc world, taking
storics and mcssagcs ol thc culturcs ol origin
with it, cxprcssing in multiplc ways thc
richncss ol divcrsity. !t is to bc hopcd that
thc community ol conscrvation is onc morc
platlorm lor mcaninglul and hclplul dialoguc
bctwccn culturcs and pcoplc. !n pursuing
its aim ol improving thc conditions lor thc
conscrvation ol collcctions in Southcast Asia,
thc CollAsia 2010 programmc is committcd
to contributing to this proccss.
Katriina Simil (ICCROM)
CollAsia 2010
CollAsia 2010 is a seven-year
programme aimed at improving
the conservation conditions
of Southeast Asian heritage
collections. The countries in the
programme are Brunei Darussalam,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, and Viet
Nam. The programme is jointly
implemented by ICCROM and
SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre
for Archaeology and Fine Arts),
based in Bangkok, Thailand.
The CollAsia 2010 programmes
objectives are:
increased awareness and
knowledge about objects in
Asian collections (materials,
construction methods, sensitivity,
and conservation);
increased capacity of institutions
and increased resources for
professionals to implement
conservation strategies, including
local preventive conservation
initiatives;
functional tools to support the
dynamic development and
interaction of regional networks
of institutions and professionals.
The third CollAsia 2010 course
took place in Manila in May, 2006.
Its topic was the crucial issue of
storage in museums, libraries and
archives.
Course participants examine a
traditional puppet in the Dutch National
Museum of Ethnography.
COLLASIA 2010
collasia2010@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
14
Archivcs arc thc rcpositorics ol humanitys
documcntary hcritagc. !n lullling thcir
mission, archival institutions arc conlrontcd
with thc stccp challcngc ol having to prcscrvc
thc physical intcgrity ol a largc varicty ol past
and prcscnt rccords, and to providc acccss to
thc rccordcd inlormation.
Tc spcctrum ol matcrials and lormats
that has bccn uscd to crcatc archival rccords
is amazingly broad, ranging, lor cxamplc,
lrom irongall inks on parchmcnt to lascr
modicd photoscnsitivc dycs on mctallizcd
and lacqucrcoatcd polycarbonatc supports
ol cuvs. Tcrc is still a grcat dcal to lcarn
about thc matcrial bchaviour ol thcsc rccords
to cnsurc thcir optimum prcscrvation and
acccssibility. Tis is cspccially truc lor thc
morc rcccnt and widcly divcrsicd mcdia,
somc ol which havc worryingly short
lilctimcs, such as ccrtain typcs ol colour
photographs, ccllulosc nitratc and acctatc
lms, and magnctic tapcs and disks.
Signicant knowlcdgc gaps cxist also
bcyond thc tangiblc aspccts ol archival
rccords, including issucs ol gathcring,
manipulation, classication, storagc and
rctricval ol rccordcd inlormation, both
analoguc and cspccially digital. Tcy acquirc
a disturbing dimcnsion whcn onc considcrs
thc alrcady ovcrwhclming and lastgrowing
body ol rccordcd inlormation produccd in
thc currcnt !nlormation Agc.
Scicncc can ocr a sound contribution
by advancing thc statc ol knowlcdgc
ncccssary to mcct archival prcscrvation
and acccss challcngcs. Such a contribution
cncompasscs thc bcttcr undcrstanding and
improvcmcnt ol thc matcrial aspccts ol
rccords and ol thcir cnvironmcnt by thc
Natural Scicnccs, as wcll as thc application
ol inlormation and contcntoricntcd
tcchnologics dcriving lrom
thc !nlormation and
Computcr Scicnccs. !n
this contcxt, closc and
continuous collaboration
and cxchangc bctwccn
scicntists and archival
prcscrvation prolcssionals
is vcry important to cnsurc
an accuratc charactcrization
ol nccds, to prioritizc
rcscarch initiativcs, and
thcrclorc to incrcasc thc
practical rclcvancc ol
scicntic outputs. Tc
bcncts ol building a common languagc
bctwccn scicncc and prcscrvation, as wcll as
ol thc intcgratcd planning ol prcscrvation
stratcgics in a truly intcrdisciplinary
cnvironmcnt should bc thoroughly cxplorcd.
Nonscicntist prolcssionals will gain
signicant bcncts lrom improving thcir
scicntic litcracy. !t will cnablc thcm
to cvaluatc critically, contributc to, and
activcly participatc in thc application ol
scicncc, and ol thc tcchnology dcriving
lrom it, to thc prcscrvation ol archival
collcctions. Scicntic litcracy includcs
thc undcrstanding ol rclcvant scicntic
conccpts and principlcs, as wcll as ol thc
mcthodology ol scicntic inquiry and
cxpcrimcntation, thc ability to communicatc
rcciprocally and ucntly with scicntists, and
thc capacity to intcrprct corrcctly thc tablcs
and graphs ol scicntic litcraturc.
Scicntic litcracy is a kcy compctcncc
lor prcscrvation prolcssionals. Convcrscly,
scicntists likc myscll havc a grcat dcal to
lcarn about thc spccicitics ol archival
prcscrvation so that wc can contributc to
thc crcation ol bcttcr archivcs through
intcrdisciplinary tcamwork. Tosc
spccicitics includc issucs such as thc
vcry naturc and dimcnsions ol archival
collcctions, authcnticity, valuc, massscalc
approachcs, tcrminology, conscrvation
trcatmcnts, and acccss rcquircmcnts.
A particularly challcnging aspcct in
thc archival prcscrvation contcxt is thc
rapidly mutating naturc ol our documcntary
hcritagc. Tc currcnt dcgrcc ol changc
rcsulting lrom thc shilt lrom analoguc to
digital tcchnologics has bccn such that
digital litcracy is bccoming a rcquisitc
lor all prolcssionals dcaling with thc
prcscrvation ol archival collcctions. A morc
digitally litcratc prolcssion will also bc
bcttcr prcparcd to lacc luturc thrcats and
opportunitics in thc cld.
8ridging thc gaps bctwccn scicncc and
prcscrvation is dcnitcly a stcp towards
thc bcttcr salcguarding and lruition ol our
cultural hcritagc. Tc crosslcrtilization ol
scicncc and cultural hcritagc prcscrvation
sought and achicvcd across iccvo:s activitics
rcmains a kcy mcchanism lor contributing to
thc prcscrvation ol culturc and thc promotion
ol divcrsity worldwidc.
Science and Archives: the Advantages of Reciprocity
Jos Luiz Pedersoli Junior(ICCROM)
International Course on
Science and Conservation of
Archival Collections
11 - 29 July 2005, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
The core objective of this course
was to strengthen the participants
scientic and archival literacy,
thereby improving their
understanding of the application of
science and technology to archival
collections. It addressed the needs
to build a common language
between science and preservation,
and to encourage integrated
planning of preservation strategies
within a truly interdisciplinary
environment.
Partners
Instituut Collectie Nederland (ICN)
Centre de Recherches sur la
Conservation des Documents
Graphiques (CRCDG), France
Course participants discuss scientic
approaches to the problem of iron-gall
ink corrosion.
ARCHIVES & LIBRARY COLLECTIONS CONSERVATION
collections@iccrom.org
15
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome
Sarah Cleary and Sophie Hsu-Ming Lizeray
uring thc summcr ol 2005, iccvo:
undcrtook a thrccmonth study ol thc Non
Catholic Ccmctcry, locatcd immcdiatcly
insidc thc walls ol historic Romc and
adjaccnt to thc wcllknown Pyramid ol Caius
Ccstius (dating lrom approximatcly 12 nc).
Altcr a rcqucst lrom thc managcr ol thc
ccmctcry, and lollowing its inclusion on thc
Vorld Monumcnts Vatch List ol thc 100
Most ndangcrcd Sitcs, iccvo: ocrcd to
undcrtakc a study ol thc ccmctcry lor thc
Committcc ol Ambassadors rcsponsiblc lor
its managcmcnt. Tis committcc compriscs
ambassadors ol lourtccn ol thc countrics
whosc citizcns arc buricd at thc ccmctcry.
Tc study was carricd out by an
intcrdisciplinary group including architcctural
and archacological conscrvators, a landscapc
architcct, an urban planncr, and a nancial
managcmcnt spccialist. A horticultural cxpcrt
was also consultcd. Tc objcctivcs ol thc
study wcrc to analysc issucs rclatcd to thc
ovcrall managcmcnt ol thc sitc, including
thc conscrvation ol thc ccmctcrys landscapc,
stonc monumcnts and markcrs. Tc study
madc rccommcndations lor its longtcrm,
sustainablc managcmcnt and conscrvation.
Tc ccmctcry, which rcmains in usc
today, has a markcd uniqucncss dcrivcd
lrom its history, location and landscapc. Tc
sitc was rst uscd lor burials in 1738, with
thc majority ol thosc intcrrcd rcprcscnting
nonCatholic lorcigncrs who visitcd or livcd
in Romc. Today, it is a placc ol pilgrimagc:
visitors comc lrom around thc world to pay
thcir rcspccts to thc important historical
gurcs buricd thcrc. Among thosc whosc
gravcs can bc lound at thc ccmctcry arc thc
8ritish pocts, John Kcats and Pcrcy 8ysshc
Shcllcy, thc Amcrican poct, Grcgory Corso,
thc Gcrman architcct, Gottlricd Scmpcr,
and thc !talian philosophcr, Antonio
Gramsci. Family mcmbcrs too rcgularly visit
thc gravcs ol rclativcs.
Tc ccmctcry, approximatcly two hcctarcs
in sizc, is dividcd into two distinct arcas. Tc
oldcst part (la Parte Antica) is a lowdcnsity
at arca, with gravc monumcnts sprcad out
across a lawn shadowcd by thc adjaccnt pinc
trccs and thc pyramid. Tc sccond, largcr
arca has morc dcnscly packcd rows ol gravcs
aligncd on a slopc with diagonal, transvcrsal,
and longitudinal pathways which allow thc
visitor to walk bctwccn thc monumcnts and
thc colourlul shrubbcry. Tcrc arc morc than
2,500 luncrary monumcnts, with varying
sizcs, shapcs, matcrials, and artistic valucs.
Tc ccmctcry is comparablc to an outdoor
sculpturc gardcn.
Tc study lound that thc main problcms
with rcspcct to thc landscapc includc ground
subsidcncc, poor dcsign and usc ol spacc, and
thc nccd to improvc thc working practiccs
ol thc gardcning sta. Tc condition ol thc
monumcnts was also a conccrn, with ovcr
75 in nccd ol conscrvation trcatmcnts, 27
ol which wcrc considcrcd urgcnt. Causcs
ol conscrvation problcms includc moisturc,
pollution, and othcr cnvironmcntal lactors. !t
was also lound that a lack ol su cicnt lunds
was an issuc both lor thc conscrvation and lor
thc gcncral managcmcnt ol thc sitc. Tc study
idcnticd arcas whcrc improvcmcnts could
bc madc to conscrvation practiccs, landscapc
carc and maintcnancc, and to ovcrall sitc
managcmcnt and lundraising. Tc inclusion
on thc Vorld Monumcnts Vatch List may
providc an opportunity to acquirc thc lunds
ncccssary lor thc propcr upkccp ol thc
ccmctcry.
8y improving thc policics and dayto
day opcrations ol thc ccmctcry, along with a
succcsslul lundraising campaign, thc sitc will
bccomc morc sustainablc ovcr timc, in ordcr to
rcmain in usc both as an activc ccmctcry and
a dcstination lor tourists and othcr visitors.
Tc NonCatholic Ccmctcry is a rcmarkablc
placc that has inspircd visitors ovcr thc past
ccnturics. Vith propcr carc, it will bc ablc to
continuc to do so long into thc luturc.
For more information or to make a
donation to the cemetery, please
contact: mail@protestantcemetery.it
Sarah Cleary was an intern at ICCROM
in 2005, working with the Sites Unit on
the conservation requirements of the
Non-Catholic cemetery.
Sophie Hsu-Ming Lizeray was also an
intern at ICCROM and now works as a
landscape architecture consultant
The Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome.
SITE CONSERVATION
sites@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
16
Building a Risk Management Learning Community
!n Junc 2003, iccvo: and cci (thc Canadian
Conscrvation !nstitutc) organizcd jointly an
intcrnational coursc on rcccnt advanccs in
prcvcntivc conscrvation. !n thc cnsuing coursc
cvaluation, participants indicatcd that thc most
innovativc part ol thc coursc was that dcdicatcd
to Risk managcmcnt. Rcsponding to this,
a coursc on Rcducing Risk to Collcctions
was organizcd and hcld two ycars latcr in
2005, it was hcavily ovcrsubscribcd, with 122
applications lrom sixtccn countrics compcting
lor thc ninctccn placcs on thc coursc.
Vhy thc intcrcst: Although thinking
and practicc in prcvcntivc conscrvation has
bccn widcly disscminatcd in thc last 30 ycars,
prolcssionals arc still looking lor a rcliablc
approach to making thc bcst prcscrvation
dccisions lor thcir collcctions, onc that
involvcs and can bc casily communicatcd
to all partics, in particular to thc national
authoritics and partncrs which providc
thc ncccssary rcsourccs to thc hcritagc
institutions. Risk managcmcnt providcs such
an approach, its gcncsis lics in thc worlds
ol nancc, hcalth, salcty, and othcrs, whcrc
prcdiction is csscntial to inlorm highly
complcx and critical dccisions.
Vhcn applicd to cultural hcritagc, risk
managcmcnt is not only conccrncd with thc
managcmcnt ol disastcrs and cmcrgcncics,
such as oods or rcs, but also with much
slowcr, morc lrcqucnt and smallcr risks,
such as thc stcady dcvclopmcnt ol a pcst
inlcstation on an prccious collcction ol books
or rcgular shocks sucrcd by a major artwork
in transit. !n a gcncration or two, thosc slowcr
or smallcr risks can havc a disastrous impact
on thc valuc ol a collcction.
Tc appcaling aspcct ol this approach is
that it is ccntrcd on cstimating thc loss in
valucs ol thc cultural hcritagc, which is ol
common conccrn to prolcssionals, politicians
and thc public. !t is also a mcthod that allows
comparison ol vcry dicrcnt risks, thus
providing a rcliablc tool to cstablish prioritics,
allocatc rcsourccs and dcsign stratcgics.
Ncvcrthclcss, to bc lully opcrational,
this approach rcquircs morc rcscarch, morc
practicc and morc diusion. Tc availablc
inlormation, in thc cld ol conscrvation
and bcyond, nccds to bc invcstigatcd
and translatcd into usablc data, rcscarch
gaps must bc addrcsscd by thc scicntic
community, practicc must bc cncouragcd
in hcritagc institutions to rcnc mcthods ol
valucs cstimation and to gathcr institutional
and individual mcmorics on spccic risks, and
thcrc is a nccd to build a lcarning community
ol prolcssionals convcrsant with thc approach,
willing to apply it in thcir spccic contcxt,
and to sharc rcsults and challcngcs.
Tc participants and coursc tcam ol thc
2005 coursc wcrc pcrhaps thc rst mcmbcrs
ol this community. Tc coursc mcthodology
was spccically craltcd to crcatc a pccr
rclationship bctwccn cvcryonc and to stimulatc
an intcractivc spirit. 8clorc and during thc
coursc, participants had opportunitics to plan
risk managcmcnt activitics or projccts that
thcy could carry out on thcir rcturn to thcir
workplaccs. ight months altcr thc coursc,
79 ol thc group had succccdcd in thcir plans.
Filtccn participants subscqucntly carricd
out a risk asscssmcnt ol spccic collcctions.
Morc than twcnty muscum and archivc
collcctions wcrc involvcd (lor cxamplc,
artclacts lrom thc Naval Rcscrvc in Qucbcc,
storagc and display arcas in thc National
Muscum ol Lithuania, two rcgional librarics
in Slovcnia, thc visual arts collcction lrom
thc Muscum ol Arts and Scicnccs in thc
Philippincs, and collcctions in thc Nikola
Tcsla Muscum in 8clgradc).
Fourtccn participants locuscd thcir corts
on disscminating thc approach, rcporting to
thcir institutions and publishing in spccializcd
ncwslcttcrs. xamplcs includc a workshop lor
twcnty muscum prolcssionals in South Alrica,
training courscs lor communitics taking carc
ol rcligious objccts in Mcxico, an articlc in
thc Barbados Museum Journal, and a rcport
in thc ncwslcttcr ol thc Municipal Muscums
ol Antwcrp. Six participants, also involvcd
in cducation, intcgratcd risk managcmcnt in
coursc curricula (c.g. courscs ol thc National
Archivcs in Slovcnia, thc Muscum Studics
Graduatc Program in Turkcy, and thc Muscum
ol Tcxas Tcch Univcrsity in USA).
Two participants dcsigncd rcscarch
activitics on thc application ol risk
managcmcnt to immovablc hcritagc in ordcr
to promotc its widcr practicc. Most rcccntly,
onc ol thc coursc participants crcatcd a
wcbsitc dcdicatcd to thc advanccmcnt ol risk
managcmcnt lor collcctions. Tc wcbsitc will
bccomc thc main working and communication
tool lor this young community.
Tcsc rcsults arc cxciting. Tcy show how
participants on a singlc coursc can havc a
multiplicr ccct, rippling out through thcir
own institutions and countrics to promotc a
ncw approach to prcvcntivc conscrvation.
Isabelle Verger and Catherine Antomarchi (ICCROM)
Preventive Conservation:
Reducing Risk to Collections
6 - 24 June 2005, Rome
Partners
CCI (Canadian Conservation
Institute)
In collaboration with CNM
(Canadian Museum of Nature)
and ICN (Netherlands Institute for
Cultural Heritage).
With the support of the Italian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Development Cooperation.
Further reading:
C. Antomarchi, A. Brokerhof, S Michalski,
I Verger, and R.R. Waller, Teaching
Risk Management Internationally
in Collections: A journal for Museums
and Archives professionals, Vol. 2.2
(November 2005), 117-140.
Isabelle Verger is a conservator and
currently Secretary of the ICOM
- Conservation Committee.
Course participants evaluating packing
and transport risks
PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION
collections@iccrom.org
17
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
ICCROM and the Conservation of Built Heritage
BUILT HERITAGE
sites@iccrom.org
!n Novcmbcr 2005, thc iccvo: Gcncral
Asscmbly approvcd a ncw programmc
callcd Conscrvation ol thc 8uilt Hcritagc.
Tc programmc rcccts iccvo:s cxtcnsivc
cxpcricncc in capacity building in this arca,
including thc long running Architcctural
Conscrvation Coursc (~vc), thc courscs on
conscrvation ol wood, stonc, and modcrn
architccturc, and thc i:uc, :vvv~, ~vvic~
:oo, and ~:n~v programmcs.
Following cxtcrnal cvaluations ol both
thc ~vc and thc \cnicc Stonc courscs, thc
iccvo: sccrctariat undcrtook an cxamination
ol currcnt nccds in thc cld, using a widc
varicty ol sourccs. A working group ol thc
iccvo: Council lookcd at thc luturc ol
architcctural conscrvation at iccvo:. A
proposcd programmc was thcn dcvclopcd by
iccvo: sta, and discusscd and rcncd at a
mccting, in Junc 2005, ol twcntyvc cxpcrts
lrom various rcgions and spccialitics.
Tc rcsulting Conscrvation ol thc
8uilt Hcritagc programmc is dcsigncd to
strcngthcn thc application ol intcgratcd
approachcs to thc practicc ol conscrvation
ol thc built hcritagc. mphasis is placcd
on a conccrn lor balancing managcrial and
tcchnical conccrns, promoting traditional
construction and managcmcnt systcms, and
strcssing prcvcntivc conscrvation approachcs
including risk prcparcdncss. Links bctwccn
conscrvation practicc lor immovablc and
movablc, and tangiblc and intangiblc hcritagc,
will also bc strcngthcncd.
Tc programmc is anchorcd by a ncw
coursc on Conscrvation ol thc 8uilt
Hcritagc to bc hcld cvcry two ycars in
Romc. Tis cightwcck coursc is aimcd at
giving participants a bcttcr undcrstanding ol
intcgratcd approachcs to conscrvation ol thc
built hcritagc, looking at thc largcr planning
and managcmcnt contcxt as wcll as tcchnical
conscrvation conccrns. Tc rst coursc is
schcdulcd to takc placc lrom 1 Fcbruary to 30
March 2007.
Tc programmc also lorcsccs thc
continuation ol activitics such as thc
!ntcrnational Coursc on thc Conscrvation
ol Modcrn Architccturc (most rcccntly
hcld in Hclsinki, Finland lrom 13 May to
9 Junc 2006), thc !ntcrnational Coursc on
Vood Conscrvation Tcchnology (most
rcccntly hcld in slo, Norway lrom 29 May
to 7 July 2006), thc !ntcrnational Coursc
on Architcctural Rccords, !nvcntorics, and
!nlormation Systcms lor Conscrvation (to
bc hcld in Romc, !taly in 2007), and thc
!ntcrnational Coursc on thc Tcchnology ol
Stonc Conscrvation (to bc hcld in \cnicc,
!taly in 2007).
Tc programmc also cmbraccs iccvo:s
Living Hcritagc Sitcs and Conscrvation ol
Archacological Sitcs subprogrammcs, and
a rangc ol activitics which includcs rcscarch
projccts, tcchnical support, cld activitics. As
thc programmc maturcs, othcr thcmcs will bc
dcvclopcd.
Tc strcngth ol thc ncw Conscrvation
ol thc 8uilt Hcritagc Programmc will bc
in its programmatic approach. As with
othcr iccvo: programmcs dcvclopcd ovcr
thc past ltccn ycars, thc objcctivc ol thc
programmc to strcngthcn an intcgratcd
approach to built hcritagc conscrvation
was dcncd and thcn a rangc ol activitics
crcatcd to mcct that objcctivc. Tcsc activitics
support cach othcr and work togcthcr to
producc thc dcsircd outcomcs. 8y using thc
programmatic approach, iccvo: cnsurcs that
thc combincd rcsults will bc much strongcr
than thosc produccd by any singlc activity.
Tc programmatic approach also allows lor
casicr cvaluation and monitoring ol progrcss,
with thc possibility ol adjustmcnts ovcr timc
to cnsurc that thc objcctivc ol thc programmc
is achicvcd.
Joe King (ICCROM)
Conservation of Built Heritage
programme 20062015.
Participants in the Architectural Records,
Inventories, and Information Systems
course (ARIS), 2005.
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
18
Living hcritagc implics a locus on pcoplc
both past and prcscnt and thcir cultural
products both tangiblc and intangiblc. Tc
living hcritagc approach is an intcractivc
onc that rcspccts pcoplcs voiccs, pridc, scll
cstccm, and scnsc ol owncrship in hcritagc
managcmcnt. !t cmphasizcs thc importancc
ol cxibility and sustainability in a cultural
lramcwork rathcr than univcrsality in
conscrvation dccisionmaking. Tc main
goal ol thc Living Hcritagc programmc is
to promotc awarcncss ol thc living hcritagc
approach and to crcatc tools ncccssary lor
hcritagc prolcssionals to cngagc succcsslully
communitics in conscrvation.
To dcvclop and strcngthcn appropriatc
tools lor this approach, a pilot rcscarch
projcct is bcing conductcd in Phrac provincc
in Tailand. Tc rcsults draw attcntion to thc
challcngcs ol involving local communitics
in hcritagc managcmcnt, particularly in
a last changing socicty whosc youth is
abandoning thc lamiliar cnvironmcnts lor
bcttcr opportunitics, and whcrc dcvclopmcnt
prcssurcs arc intcnsc.
A subscqucnt workshop on mpowcring
thc Community locuscd on somc ol thc kcy
conccpts: living hcritagc (what is it and whcrc
is it:), community (why is it important: how
do wc dcnc it:), conscrvation (how to protcct
living hcritagc). Tcir intcrrclationships wcrc
discusscd and thc main points to cmcrgc arc
summarizcd bclow.
Expanding and clarifying the context
Living Hcritagc is considcrcd as thc
sum ol all cxprcssions rcsulting lrom thc
intcraction bctwccn pcoplc and naturc, it
strcsscs thc nccd to undcrstand hcritagc in
rclation to thc ccological contcxt within
which wc locus our conscrvation corts.
Tc notion ol continuity dominatcd thc
discussions. Pcoplc arc conncctcd to thcir
myths, bclicls, socicty and cnvironmcnt in
a varicty ol ways that havc rcsultcd in thc
crcation ol numcrous tangiblc and intangiblc
cxprcssions. Tcy constantly draw bcnct
lrom thcsc cxprcssions, which havc gonc
through a dynamic proccss ol cvolution,
rcintcrprctation and modication, rcccting
changcs occurring in socicty. !n thc proccss,
it is possiblc that thc conncctions bctwccn
pcoplc and hcritagc bccomc lost. orts to
rccstablish thcm subscqucntly may rcsult
cithcr in thc rccmcrgcncc ol thc original
valucs or in thc crcation ol novcl oncs.
Dening the community
Pcoplc arc, and havc bccn, conncctcd through
various mcans (gcographically, socially,
rcligious, rcsourcccxploitation) lorming
groups ol divcrsc naturc and magnitudc (c.g.
shing villagcs, communitics continuing with
thcir traditional lilcstylcs, thosc who migratcd
to a locality lor cconomic bcncts). Today,
thcrc arc also communitics living togcthcr
with divcrsc bclicls, laiths and aspirations.
Tcsc communitics may bc drivcn by dicrcnt
motivations but can act collcctivcly in pursuit
ol a common goal. !n somc instanccs, a lcgal
act such as thc Conscrvation Act ol Ncw
Zcaland dcncs communitics lor thc purposc
ol hcritagc conscrvation.
Communitics rccct dicrcnt intcrcsts and
lcvcls ol undcrstanding, and arc inucnccd
by many lactors (such as a rural and urban
location). Undcr thcsc circumstanccs,
thc dcnition ol a community is hcavily
inucnccd by thc contcxt, thc issuc(s) undcr
considcration, thc hcritagc conscrvation goals,
and associatcd tasks.
Community based heritage conservation
Communitics should bc a part ol
thc conscrvation proccss and ocrcd
options lor dicrcnt intcrvcntions (not
only minimal), whilc rccognizing thc
dynamic naturc ol hcritagc (tangiblc and
intangiblc), accommodating appropriatc
changcs as rcquircd, and providing lor ncw
intcrprctations whcrc nccdcd. Conscrvation
should not prcvcnt prccxisting uscs ol
hcritagc, bc thcy spiritual, cconomic or social.
!t should aim at thc rccstablishmcnt ol thc
lost conncctions with hcritagc.
Conscrvation should cmpowcr
communitics and assurc continuity ol
hcritagc, which is undcrstood and dcncd
through a rigorous proccss ol study,
consultation, and conscnsus. mpowcrmcnt
is ncccssary lor communitics to protcct thcir
own hcritagc, to undcrstand what it is thcy
valuc, and to claboratc thcir conscrvation
goals. !t also providcs thc mcans lor thc
community to start an initial dialoguc, to
achicvc conscnsus whcrc ncccssary, and to
work with authoritics and thc prolcssional
community to cstablish common ground
lor hcritagc conscrvation activitics. Vhcrc
appropriatc (or ncccssary) thc backing
ol lcgal protocols and lramcworks and
rcsourccs ol conscrvation institutions should
lorm part ol thc proccss ol cmpowcrmcnt.
Living Heritage Sites Workshop: Empowering the Community
Gamini Wijesuriya, Kazuhiko Nishi and Joe King (ICCROM)
Training workshop: Living
Heritage - Empowering the
Community
Phrae, Thailand.
November 2005
The objective of the workshop was
to improve the management of
historic sites in the Mekong River
Region, taking into consideration
their living aspects and values.
Partners
SPAFA (SEAMEO Regional Centre
for Archaeology and Fine Arts)
Fine Arts Department, Ministry of
Education, Thailand
Children of Phrae Group (CoP/
LMP)
Living Heritage Sites
Programme
The Living Heritage approach can
help a well-organized, focused
and committed community
group to make signicant gains
in protecting its own heritage.
Through its Living Heritage Sites
programme, ICCROM aspires to
provide both communities and
heritage organizations with new
tools to achieve this.
LIVING HERITAGE
living_heritage@iccrom.org
Vanishing traditions from Phrae.
19
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
Conservation Training in the Arab Region: Regional Context and
International Trends
Tc rst rcgional coursc ol thc ~:n~v
programmc, on thc conscrvation ol
archacological sitcs, took placc lrom 14
Novcmbcr 2005 to 28 January 2006 in
Tripoli, Lcbanon. Tc coursc, which locuscd
on thc countrics ol Lcbanon, Syria, and
Jordan, aimcd at building thc capacitics
ol prolcssionals to bccomc morc involvcd
in thc managcmcnt and dccisionmaking
proccss rclatcd to conscrvation projccts in
thcir countrics. Tc coursc also bcgan thc
proccss ol cstablishing a rcgional nctwork
ol prolcssionals and dcvcloping appropriatc
intcrdisciplinary training in conscrvation at
univcrsitics and training institutions in thc
rcgion. Tc partncrs in thc coursc wcrc thc
Lcbancsc Univcrsity, thc uxvsco cc in
8cirut, and thc dircctoratcs ol antiquitics ol
thc thrcc countrics conccrncd.
Vith any rcgional programmc such as
~:n~v, thcrc is a nccd to nd a balancc
bctwccn intcrnational principlcs and valucs
in conscrvation and thosc that arc rclativc
to thc systcm and cultural contcxt ol thc
hcritagc to bc conscrvcd. For a coursc
dcvotcd to conscrvation ol cultural hcritagc
in thc Arab rcgion, this mcans addrcssing
thc lundamcntal issucs rclcvant to rcgional
conscrvation approachcs that arc rootcd
in thc Arab historical contcxt as wcll as
contcmporary intcrnational trcnds in thc
cld. For cxamplc, thc Waqf (an cndowmcnt
loundcd on thc idca ol producing charity in
pcrpctuity lrom a sct ol xcd asscts) can bc
considcrcd as a rcgional mcchanism lor thc
conscrvation ol historic structurcs lrom thc
ninth ccntury until thc political and social
translormations ol thc twcnticth ccntury.
Rcccnt rcscarch by A. l Habashi has shown
that thc principlcs lor trcating buildings
within thc historical contcxt ol Waqf arc, to
somc cxtcnt, similar to modcrn intcrnational
conscrvation principlcs. Vhilc it may not bc
possiblc to rcvivc thcsc principlcs as part ol
todays Waqf systcm, thcir rcintcgration into
modcrn practicc was considcrcd during thc
coursc as an important constitucnt ol somc
Arab!slamic philosophical roots towards
prcscrvation.
!n addition, thc coursc introduccd somc
rcccnt rcscarch work (c.g. by H. Mahdi) that
locuscd on thc dcvclopmcnt ol wcstcrn
inucnccd conscrvation approachcs in thc
Middlc ast in thc ninctccnth and twcnticth
ccnturics. Tcsc approachcs arc associatcd
with cmcrging conscrvation institutions
such as thc Comit dc Conscrvation dcs
Monumcnts dc lArt Arabc in gypt (which
activcly conscrvcd and rcstorcd thc !slamic
monumcnts ol gypt lrom 1882 until
1954), and thc cmcrging dircctoratcs ol
antiquitics in thc rcgion cnlorcing wcstcrn
lcd lcgislativc mcasurcs lor thc conscrvation
ol monumcnts. Tis part ol thc coursc
highlightcd thc various philosophical
approachcs thcsc institutions adoptcd during
scvcral dccadcs ol activitics, with implications
on approachcs and social attitudcs towards
hcritagc conscrvation in thc Arab world.
Tc coursc also locuscd on a numbcr ol
important conscrvation proccsscs including
hcritagc managcmcnt and planning,
documcntation and rcscarch, diagnosis ol
causcs ol dctcrioration, sitc prcscntation, and
conscrvation tcchniqucs lor somc common
typcs ol hcritagc in thc rcgion. Classroom
activitics wcrc rcinlorccd by cld work at
thc Vorld Hcritagc sitc ol 8yblos, whcrc
participants wcrc ablc to apply many ol thc
conccpts discusscd.
As a rcsult ol thc coursc, participants
wcrc ablc to rccognizc thc nccd to match
intcrvcntion stratcgics with thc appropriatc
contcxts and mcanings, rcsulting lrom
invcstigation tcchniqucs which takc into
account multiplc pcrspcctivcs. Participants
wcrc also ablc to apprcciatc thc nccd lor
public involvcmcnt and thc nccd to cnsurc
that thc hcritagc rcmains a living part ol thc
community, not muscumizcd or scgrcgatcd
lrom its prcscnt cultural and social contcxts.
Finally, participants wcrc ablc to bcttcr
undcrstand and apply ncccssary scicntic
and planning mcthods to improvc dccision
making and cnsurc that thc cultural hcritagc
ol thc rcgion can bc passcd down to luturc
gcncrations.
Course on Conservation of
Archaeological Heritage
Tripoli and Byblos, Lebanon 14
November 2005 - 27 January 2006.
Partners
General Directorate of Antiquities,
Ministry of Culture, Lebanon
General Directorate of Antiquities
& Museums, Ministry of Culture,
Syria
Department of Antiquities,
Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities,
Jordan)
UNESCO Regional Ofce in Beirut
Universit Libanaise
The support of the Directorate
General of Development
Co-operation, Italian Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, for ATHAR
programme activities is gratefully
acknowledged.
Left: Participants examine the impact of
reburial on mosaic pavements at the site
of Byblos.
Right: Participants assess the condition
of wall paintings.
ATHAR
athar@iccrom.org
Zaki Aslan (ICCROM)
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
20
!t is a commonly acccptcd truth that
conscrvation should play an important rolc
lor thc cld ol archacology, at lcast in thcory.
For a long timc now, intcrnational rcsolutions,
chartcrs and a signicant numbcr ol national
laws havc cmphasizcd thc nccd to includc
conscrvation within archacological rcscarch.
Howcvcr, implcmcntation ol thcsc norms
at most archacological sitcs, and with thcir
collcctions, is oltcn lar lrom bcing a rcality,
hcncc thc continuous rcquircmcnts lor
training in this cld.
caling with archacological hcritagc
is undoubtcdly a complcx task, rcquiring
attcntion to tcchnical, cconomic, acsthctic
and symbolic aspccts. l all thcsc, cconomic
lactors arc most commonly citcd as thc
major constraint upon thc implcmcntation
ol conscrvation mcasurcs. Givcn limitcd
rcsourccs, as is oltcn thc casc in thc cultural
scctor, conscrvation is pcrccivcd as a
luxury, with painlully slow proccsscs that
rcquirc cxpcnsivc tcchniqucs and matcrials.
Conscrvation is thus oltcn sccn as limiting
advanccs in thc knowlcdgc ol thc past.
Vithout dcnying scarcity in rcsourccs and
thc conscqucnt limitations, a morc scrious
thrcat is poscd by a lack ol undcrstanding and
coopcration among prolcssionals involvcd
with thc archacological hcritagc.
!t is not su cicnt to implcmcnt scparatc
conscrvation and archacological activitics,
cithcr sitc or collcctionsoricntcd. Hcncc,
archacologists and conscrvators nccd to lcarn
about cach othcrs prolcssions, within thc
contcxt ol a joint curriculum. !n this manncr,
cach prolcssion would not bc lcarning about
thc othcr lrom a distancc, but would bc
sharing thc lcarning proccss and, through
this, crcating a common languagc thc kcy
to rcal luturc coopcration. Tis mcans not
working in a parallcl manncr, with oltcn
lrustrating rcsults, but crcating a harmonious
balancc bctwccn archacological rcscarch
and conscrvation nccds. Tis coopcration
implics having a rcal undcrstanding ol thc
rcquircmcnts and cthics ol both disciplincs,
cncouraging a broad pcrspcctivc to solvc
problcms and to producc rcsults in a
syncrgistic manncr. A nc balancc would
mcan that thc archacologist would not
cxplorc cvcrything at any cost and thc
conscrvator would not savc cvcrything at any
cost. !t also lorcsccs a joint planning cort
and continuity, lrom thc bcginning ol thc
planning ol a projcct through thc cxcavation
proccss, to thc managcmcnt ol thc collcctions
and thc longtcrm conscrvation ol thc sitcs.
Courscs ocrcd at iccvo:, in closc
collaboration with partncr institutions,
providc thc opportunity and thc challcngc
to bring togcthcr prolcssionals with
dicrcnt cultural backgrounds and training
in thcorctical and practical activitics, with
thc aim ol improving knowlcdgc and skills,
and pcrhaps most importantly ol changing
attitudcs and providing an opportunity to
crcatc this nccdcd common languagc.
nc ol thc rcgions whcrc iccvo: is
currcntly collaborating in thc dcvclopmcnt
ol training activitics is Southcastcrn uropc.
8ccausc ol rcccnt armcd and social conict
in this part ol thc world, both lacilitics and
training in conscrvation havc bccn limitcd.
Vorking with partncr institutions in Scrbia
and Montcncgro, ncw courscs havc bccn
dcsigncd to mcct thc nccds within this
rcgional contcxt. Two courscs havc alrcady
takcn placc, a short initial introductory
coursc hcld in 8clgradc in 2004, which
ocrcd an ovcrvicw ol conscrvation and
managcmcnt practiccs, and a longcr
thrccwcck coursc in 2005 at thc Roman
archacological sitc ol ianaKaratas, in
castcrn Scrbia and Montcncgro.
Vithout ovcrlooking thc managcmcnt
contcxt and thc signicancc ol thc sitc,
thc courscs locuscd on strcngthcning thc
capacitics ol thc participants in thc usc ol
both dcductivc and inductivc rcasoning to
comprchcnd conscrvation nccds within an
archacological sitc. Trough an undcrstanding
ol thc naturc ol thc matcrials and thcir
cnvironmcnt, and a systcmatic approach, a
complcx sitc can bc mcthodically analyscd.
Tis can thcn lcad to appropriatc rst aid and
stabilization intcrvcntions. Although complcx
conscrvation trcatmcnts arc somctimcs
rcquircd, simplc mcasurcs implcmcntcd
with locally availablc matcrials can also
tcmporarily prcvcnt or signicantly rcducc
dccay, allowing timc lor a conscrvation plan
to bc dcviscd and implcmcntcd.
uring thc most rcccnt coursc at iana
Karatas, participants lrom vc countrics
in thc rcgion analyscd lour casc studics,
proposcd rstaid actions and implcmcntcd
thcm at thc sitc, crcating modcls that can bc
rcpcatcd clscwhcrc. Morc importantly, thc
coursc providcd thc initial stcps towards a
bcttcr communication, brcaking down thc
psychological barricr bctwccn thc prolcssions.
Training in Archaeological Conservation in Southeast Europe
Valerie Magar (ICCROM)
Course on Archaeological
Conservation
Diana-Karatas, Serbia and
Montenegro
18 August - 7 September 2005
Partner
Diana Department for Preventive
Conservation, National Museum,
Belgrade
Course participant applying a gauze
facing to a render, before its reburial.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
sites@iccrom.org
21
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
Christian Biggi
As an archacologist, my application to
iccvo:s intcrnship programmc was bascd on
a dcsirc to undcrstand bcttcr thc approachcs
to protccting thc cultural hcritagc which is
discovcrcd by my prolcssion, but all too oltcn
ncglcctcd altcrwards. ! was cxcitcd to bc
acccptcd as intcrn to thc ~:n~v programmc
as it gavc mc thc chancc to complcmcnt and
improvc my knowlcdgc ol archacological
conscrvation in anothcr rcgion.
Tc intcrnship involvcd mc in thc
prcparation ol training courscs lor
prolcssionals lrom Syria, Jordan and
Lcbanon. Tc workload was considcrablc
but multilacctcd, and allowcd mc to assist
in coursc prcparation at cvcry lcvcl. !
bclicvc that contact with thc many high
lcvcl cxpcrts and participants that iccvo:
attracts was an invaluablc cxpcricncc which
is rarcly matchcd clscwhcrc. Vorking lor
thc ~:n~v programmc allowcd mc to comc
into contact with thc hcritagc ol thc Arab
Rcgion and thosc pcoplc working thcrc,
who arc highly committcd to prolcssional
capacity building and thc prcscrvation ol
cultural hcritagc and sitcs.
Sarath Chandra Boyapati
My intcrnship at iccvo: was a valuablc
cxpcricncc in my lilc, prolcssionally and
pcrsonally. Vorking on thc community
bascd Living Hcritagc programmc at iccvo:
broadcncd my knowlcdgc about conscrvation
thcory and practicc, and hclpcd mc to addrcss
thc complcx issucs ol managing a living
hcritagc sitc.
!n my currcnt rolc ! coordinatc multiplc
agcncics in an intcgratcd conscrvation
approach to thc Vorld Hcritagc Sitc ol
Hampi. Tis rcquircs multidisciplinary
skills in ordcr to handlc tasks such as
communication, conict managcmcnt
and conscnsus building. Managcmcnt
through dialoguc is thc bcst approach lor
conscrvation, cspccially in a country such
as !ndia whcrc thcrc is continuity in thc
cultural practiccs. Tc livcly and cncrgctic
iccvo: working cnvironmcnt, sct among
thc historic city ol Romc, will rcmain as a
standard, and will continuc to inucncc my
prolcssional practicc.
Christina Brooks
Vorking on thc CollAsia 2010 programmc
gavc mc a rcal undcrstanding ol thc thrcats
poscd to collcctions in Southcast Asia, and
thc prolcssional systcms and cnvironmcnts in
which conscrvators and hcritagc institutions
opcratc in undcrlundcd or dcvcloping
conscrvation cnvironmcnts. ! was also ablc
to lurthcr my lcarning in thc supcrb iccvo:
library and at various symposia whcrc !
was ablc to obscrvc iccvo: in action! Tis
providcd mc with a grcatcr undcrstanding ol
how !Gs can opcratc in an intcrnational
and highly complcx cld, through cducation,
awarcncss and advocacy. As a rcsult my
vicw ol conscrvation has shiltcd to a morc
intcrnational outlook, bascd on lactors such
as sustainability, appropriatc tcchnologics,
rclcvancc to local cnvironmcnts, and
community intcraction.
! will always rcmcmbcr my timc at iccvo:
londly, and as a timc ol growth and lcarning
lor which ! am ctcrnally gratclul.
Maria Corsino
My intcrnship at iccvo: has grcatly cnrichcd
my approach to scicncc and conscrvation.
Tc objcct ol my rcscarch was siliconbascd
products and how thcir application can
bc optimizcd lor conscrvation purposcs. !
collaboratcd closcly with rncsto 8orrclli,
Laboratory Coordinator.
! also took advantagc ol iccvo:s
intcllcctual cnvironmcnt. As an intcrn, !
had thc opportunity to intcract with othcr
iccvo: sta, intcrns and lcllows, and to
attcnd lccturcs on many dicrcnt topics. Tis
has bcnctcd mc in my currcnt architcctural
conscrvation projcct, collaborating with
prolcssionals in othcr clds. ! havc bccn ablc
to communicatc succcsslully conscrvation
issucs and notions, and this has rcsultcd in a
conscrvationlricndly outcomc. Conscrvation
issucs always intcrtwinc at somc point with
othcr disciplincs, and bcing inlormcd on
clds othcr than our own hclps us bccomc
bcttcr prolcssionals in our clds, and can bc
bcnccial to othcrs in uncxpcctcd situations.
Anne Cummins
Buon lavoro is !talian lor good work and thc
salutation ! cncountcrcd whcn bcginning my
working day at iccvo: in Romc.
! spcnt my vcmonth intcrnship
working on two stonc and mortarbascd
projccts in thc laboratory, supcrviscd by
rncsto 8orrclli. My particular intcrcst as a
matcrials conscrvator was in gaining a bcttcr
undcrstanding ol thc bchaviour ol dicrcnt
Reflections on ICCROMs Internship Programme
Christian Biggi
Christina Brooks
Sarath Chandra Boyapati
TRAINING
iccrom@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
22
mortars and rcndcrs. Australia docs not havc
a tradition ol applying hydraulic additivcs
such as pozzolana to mortars and concrctc as
pionccrcd by thc ancicnt Romans, so ! was
intcrcstcd in its modcrn applications.
Rcccntly, ! havc bccn ablc to apply
my iccvo: rcscarch to a conscrvation
projcct in Sydncy lor thc Macquaric Placc
bclisk, dcsigncd in 1816 to mark thc
distanccs lrom thc young port Colony.
! am taking a vcry mcthodical and
unconvcntional approach by planning thc
work in stagcs, with a prolongcd tcsting
and documcntation stagc to undcrstand thc
dccay mcchanisms and microcnvironmcnt
around thc monumcnt, bclorc bcginning
conscrvation trcatmcnts. Vc havc includcd
somc mortar trials adding a pozzolana
(trass) to a limcbascd mortar to inll scmi
dctachcd contour scalc on thc sandstonc, in
thc hopc that it will bc morc durablc than
traditional limc sand mortars.
My mcmorics ol iccvo: arc ol wondcrlul
dcdicatcd pcoplc and good work, so ! wish
you all buon lavoro.
Gayle McIntyre
As an intcrn and modcrator lor thc
!ntcrnational Coursc on Rcducing Risks
to Collcctions, ! had thc rarc opportunity
to intcgratc and align my cxpcricncc and
cxpcrtisc with thc currcnt rcscarch, thc
clcvcr and witty curriculum dcsign, thc
tcaching talcnts, and thc multiplc rcsourccs
and skills containcd within thc Collcctions
Unit ol iccvo:. !t was rcmarkablc to
obscrvc how this small dcpartmcnt works
tirclcssly on multilaycrcd and complicatcd
projccts with such stylc, gracc, commitmcnt
and gcnuinc passion.
Tis intcrnship aordcd mc thc
opportunity to mcct an intcrnational group
ol conscrvators, conscrvation scicntists,
collcctions cxpcrts, and conscrvation
managcrs, makc ncw lricnds and cstablish
a nctwork ol highly spccializcd contacts,
asscss thc pcdagogy lor this coursc, lcarn ncw
tcchniqucs to asscss, managc and rcducc risks
to collcctions, carn thc trust ol ncw group ol
pccrs, and bccomc acquaintcd with thc many
valuablc rcsourccs that iccvo: has to ocr to
thc conscrvation community.
For mc pcrsonally, thc most cnlightcning
lcsson was lcarning thc nccd to providc clcar,
consistcnt and unambiguous inlormation in
my work.
Gudrun Schmid
Vorking with iccvo:s guidcbook
projcct, and joining classcs and cxcursions
ol thc Sharing Conscrvation ccisions
2004 Coursc, ! gaincd a dccp insight
into many conscrvation issucs and thc
involvcd disciplincs. Now, whcncvcr ! visit
a hcritagc placc, my rst thought is about
its conscrvation. My sccond thought is:
how could thc placcrclcvant valucs and
vulncrability bc communicatcd to thc gcncral
public: And only my third thought gocs to
thc history and bcauty ol thc placc itscll.
! currcntly spccialisc in thc cstablishmcnt
ol managcmcnt plans lor hcritagc sitcs, a
rolc in which ! occupy a mcdiating position
bctwccn all thc stakcholdcrs who havc a say
in thc luturc dcvclopmcnt ol a hcritagc sitc.
My intcrnship at iccvo: allowcd mc to
scc with thc cycs ol a conscrvator, and ! am
now ablc not only to asscss conscrvation
aspccts inhcrcnt in managcmcnt issucs but
also to communicatc thcsc aspccts to non
cxpcrt partics.
Ulla Visscher
uring my intcrnship, ! workcd on
dcvcloping a collcctions disastcr rccovcry
plan and a longtcrm imagc and audiovisual
prcscrvation plan lor iccvo:s library and
archivc. ! rclicd hcavily on inhousc cxpcrtisc,
and also had thc opportunity to visit librarics
and archivcs in scvcral national, intcrnational
and lorcign institutions in Romc to discovcr
how thcy wcrc handling thcsc issucs.
isastcr planning rcquircs coordination
with local supplicrs, scrviccs, lacilitics and
cxpcrtisc. !ntcrnational institutions, or
national institutions opcrating outsidc thcir
own boundarics in a lorcign cnvironmcnt,
lacc challcngcs in this rcspcct, and incrcascd
corts arc rcquircd to undcrstand and opcratc
succcsslully within thc host country. iccvo:
can scrvc as an cxamplc ol succcsslully
marrying thc bcncts ol intcrnationalism
with thc addcd rcsponsibility that this
implics, to rcach out, clarily and build
conscnsus across cultural lincs.
My intcrnship cxpcricncc providcd mc
with a wcalth ol tcchnical inlormation
which ! look lorward to sharing in my luturc
carccr. ! rctain thc bcncts ol my cxposurc to
intcrnational prolcssionals and thcir various
points ol vicw, and thc conviction that by
combining dicring pcrspcctivcs, bcttcr
solutions can bc achicvcd.
Anne Cummins
Gudrun Schmid
Ulla Visscher
TRAINING
iccrom@iccrom.org
23
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
ICCROM Library: Selected New Acquisitions
Paul Arenson (ICCROM)
CONSERVATION RESOURCES
library@iccrom.org
Archaeology
Mitigation of construction impact on archaeological
remains. Vol. 1: Main report. Vol. 2: Database of
archaeological mitigation strategies, M. J. avis
ct al. (London: nglish Hcritagc) 2004. isnx
1901992470
Tis study, commissioncd by nglish
Hcritagc, discusscs ways to avoid or limit
damagc and disturbancc to archacological
sitcs and in situ rcmains that arc subjcct
to dcvclopmcnt works or construction
projccts. Scparatc scctions covcr options
intcndcd to lcsscn impact bclorc, during
and altcr construction, as wcll as monitoring
tcchniqucs and mitigation stratcgics such as
rcburial. An accompanying cuvo: contains
a databasc ol archacological and construction
sitcs whcrc thcsc stratcgics havc bccn put to
usc.
Arqueologa preventiva en el Eje Cafetero:
reconocimiento y rescate arqueolgico en los municipios
jurisdiccin del Fondo para la reconstruccin del Eje
Cafetero, FOREC, Carlos Andrs 8arragn and
\ctor Gonzlcz Fcrnndcz (cds.) (8ogota:
!nstituto Colombiano dc Antropologa c
Historia (ic~xn)) 2001. isnx 9588181038
Altcr thc 1999 carthquakc in thc Colombian
coccgrowing rcgion known as thc jc
Calctcro, thc Colombian govcrnmcnt crcatcd
a spccial lund, vovvc, lor thc rcconstruction
and dcvclopmcnt ol thc rcgion. Tis book
prcscnts corts madc to protcct thc rcgions
rich archacological hcritagc, with an cmphasis
on thc rolc ol prcvcntivc archacology in thc
rcscarch proccss. Tc studics, covcring thc
rcscuc and monitoring ol archacological
hcritagc within thc acctcd municipalitics,
arc documcntcd, along with thc lcgal
instrumcnts uscd by vovvc.
Architectural conservation
:
(Restoration of
monuments: rehabilitation of historical buildings
in Attica), Vols. I and II, Yiannis Kizis
(Athcns: vvcox iv) 2004. isnx 9608667660
Tis twovolumc sct documcnts lorty ycars
ol intcrvcntions to Atticas historic buildings
and sitcs. Rcstorations to sitcs dating lrom
classical antiquity includc thc Acropolis
rcchthcion, thc Tcatrc ol ionysus, and
Hadrians Library, whilc rchabilitations
and adaptivcusc projccts to ninctccnth
and twcnticth ccntury sitcs includc Saint
!rcncs Church, thc 8cnaki Muscum, and
a scrics ol govcrnmcnt buildings, privatc
mansions and industrial sitcs. Also lcaturcd
is a rcvitalization projcct lor thc Plaka
istrict, thc historical ccntrc ol Athcns. An
cditorial cort is madc to display thc tcnsions
bctwccn idcal and lcasiblc rcstoration goals,
and thc balancc struck bctwccn thc nccds ol
prcscrvation and modcrnization.
Mostart: A Bridge Story, Rusmir ii,
Tihomir Rozi, and Anto ain (Mostar: vcu
City ol Mostar) 2004.
Tis book documcnts thc projcct to rcbuild
thc Stari Most (Mostar 8ridgc), dcstroycd by
artillcry rc in 1993 and now rcconstructcd
by thc City ol Mostar with assistancc and
lunding lrom uxvsco and thc Vorld 8ank.
Scctions in 8osnian and in nglish covcr:
thc bridgcs history, a structural analysis ol
thc bridgc dcsign, sampling and classication
ol original building matcrials such as stonc,
mortar and mctal, strcngthcning ol thc bridgc
loundations, and thc spccications lor, and
cutting ol, ncw Tcnclija stonc blocks to bc
uscd in thc rcconstruction. Also prcscntcd
arc thc archacological invcstigations and
tcchnical dcscription ol thc associatcd Tara
and Halcbija Towcrs, which wcrc rcbuilt as
part ol this projcct.
Archives and library conservation
Scelte e strategie per la conservazione della
memoria (Choices and strategies for preservation
of the collective memory), Maria Tcrcsa Tanasi
ct al. (cds.) (8olzano: Archivio di Stato) 2005.
isnx 8875740488
Tc papcrs ol this intcrnational convcntion,
hcld in obbiaco in 2002, outlinc dangcrs
and solutions lor thc prcscrvation ol archival
inlormation, on whichcvcr support or lormat
it may bc lound. 8road topics includc:
risk asscssmcnt and disastcr mcasurcs,
options lor prcscrving original matcrials,
scicntic analysis ol dctcrioration, tcchnical
solutions lor common archival problcms,
acccss options, training and prolcssional
inlormationsharing, digitization and lorward
migration issucs, and rcpository dcsign,
rcstoration and rctrotting.
Blessures darchives, rve dternit: de la
conservation prventive la restauration,
Hlnc Grousson, ct al. (\alcncc: cspcssc)
2004. isnx 2860260366
Tis publication stcms lrom a joint cxhibition
organizcd by thc ccntral archivcs ol thc
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
24
CONSERVATION RESOURCES
library@iccrom.org
\auclusc and rmc dcpartmcnts in Francc.
Tc purposc was to cducatc thc public about
thc sourccs ol dctcrioration that commonly
dcgradc or dcstroy archival documcnts. Tcsc
includc: humidity and tcmpcraturc lcvcls,
dust and light, biodctcrioration lrom mould
and bactcria, or lrom inscct and rodcnt
attack, air pollution, and disastcr cvcnts such
as rc and ood. Also covcrcd arc prcvcntivc
conscrvation, archival housing and invcntory,
and documcnt rcstoration tcchniqucs
including anoxic dcinlcstation and papcr
rcintcgration.
Biology, microbiology, infestation
Schimmel: Gefahr fr Mensch und Kulturgut
durch Mikroorganismen (Fungi: a threat for people
and cultural heritage through micro-organisms),
Angclika Rauch, ct al. (cds.) (Stuttgart: Konrad
Tciss \crlag) 2004. isnx 3806219257
Tcsc papcrs, prcscntcd at thc 2001 vuv
conlcrcncc, locus on thc dangcrs poscd by
mould and othcr lorms ol microbiological
attack, both to cultural propcrty objccts
and to thc pcrsons who work or comc into
contact with thcm. 8road topics includc:
thc idcntication ol microbial attack,
contamination causcs, typcs ol objcct damagc,
prcvcntion and trcatmcnt options, and
prccautions to shicld humans lrom hcalth
risk. Tc contributions ol biologists, mcdical
doctors, archivists, and lawycrs wcrc sought
in addition to thosc ol conscrvators, so as to
crcatc an intcrdisciplinary discussion usclul to
thc conscrvation prolcssion yct also acccssiblc
to thc gcncral public.
Earthen architecture
Arquitectura de Terra em Portugal/Earth
Architecture in Portugal, Maria Fcrnandcs and
Mariana Corrcia (cds.) (Associaao Ccntro
da Tcrra, Lisbon: Argumcntum) 2005.
isnx 9728479360
Tis bilingual publication, crcatcd by thc
Associaao Ccntro da Tcrra, prcscnts a broad
vicw ol thc currcnt statc ol Portugucsc carthcn
architccturc. Papcrs lrom 54 contributors arc
dividcd into scparatc scctions covcring carth as
building matcrial, thc intcrscction ol carthcn
architccturc with conscrvation, landscapc,
archacology and contcmporary architccturc,
prolcssions associatcd with carthcn
architccturc, and training options in thc cld.
Tc book touchcs on carth constructions
lrom 8razil, Goa and Madcira in addition to
documcnting thosc ol contincntal Portugal.
Legislation
Les monuments historiques, un nouvel enjeu ?
Vols. I et II, Michcl Pricur and ominiquc
Audrcric (cds.) (Paris: LHarmattan) 2004.
isnx 2747565742 and 2747565750
!n cclcbration ol thc nincticth annivcrsary
ol thc groundbrcaking 1913 Frcnch law
dcdicatcd to thc protcction ol historic
monumcnts, a symposium was hcld in
Limogcs to discuss its impact in Francc and
worldwidc on thc prcscrvation ol movablc
and immovablc hcritagc. Tc publishcd
papcrs prcscnt vicwpoints lrom univcrsity
scholars, lawycrs and cultural hcritagc
prolcssionals on how this law has intcgratcd
conccrn lor hcritagc into subscqucnt
lcgislation, cultural policy, urban planning and
rcgional dcvclopmcnt corts.
Going, Going, Gone: Regulating the Market
in Illicit Antiquities, S.R.M. Mackcnzic
(Lciccstcr, UK: !nstitutc ol Art & Law) 2005.
isnx 1903987075
Taking as its topic thc problcm ol
incrcasing tra c in lootcd objccts, this
book prcscnts an analysis ol currcnt laws
rcgulating thc intcrnational movcmcnt
ol antiquitics, cxposing lcgal aws and
loopholcs cxploitcd by tra ckcrs as
wcll as ways in which thcsc laws arc
not appropriatcly adaptcd to how thc
antiquitics markct lunctions. Tc author
prcscnts intcrvicws and sitc visits at auction
houscs and muscums, cxamining lrom all
sidcs why thc currcnt lcgal controls arc not
working, and how thcy and thc antiquitics
markct as a wholc might bc improvcd.
Mural paintings
La Pintura Mural: Conservacin y
Restauracin, Csar dcl Pino iz (Madrid:
civ ossat 2000) 2004. isnx 8489656886
Tc principlcs and tcchniqucs ol mural
paintings conscrvation arc rcvicwcd in
this publication. Tcrc arc chaptcrs on thc
lollowing: thc charactcrization ol mural
painting typologics and mortar supports,
diagnosis and solutions lor dctcrioration
causcd by watcr, salts, light, vibration, climatc
and biological attack, and conscrvation
mcthodologics including consolidation,
clcaning, and protcctivc coating. Scicntic
analysis and rcstoration documcntation arc
discusscd, as arc tcchniqucs lor thc translcr ol
mural paintings on to ncw supports.
25
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
CONSERVATION RESOURCES
library@iccrom.org
Madrasa Amiriya: la conservazione delle pitture
murali/Amiriya Madrasa: conservation of the
mural paintings, Sclma Al Radi, Robcrto
Nardi, and Chiara Zizola (Romc: Ccntro di
Conscrvazionc Archcologica) 2005. Arabic:
isnx 8890190329, !talian: isnx 88
90190302, nglish: isnx 8890190310
Tis book dctails thc rcstoration projcct ol
thc mural paintings ol thc Amiriya Madrasa,
onc ol Ycmcns most signicant monumcnts,
which was undcrtakcn by thc Archacological
Conscrvation Ccntrc ol Romc with
thc hclp ol intcrnational lunding. Tc
rcstoration work providcd thc occasion lor
a sixmonth coursc in 2003 which traincd
Ycmcni prolcssionals in mural painting
conscrvation and maintcnancc. Tc book,
availablc in Arabic, !talian and nglish
vcrsions, dcscribcs all stagcs ol thc projcct,
as wcll as providing cxtcnsivc photographic
documcntation ol thc bcautilul tcmpcra
mural paintings, both prc and post
conscrvation.
Museum storage
Magasinbygningens, fysik og funktion: postprint,
Maj Ringgaard ct al. (cds.) (Hvidovrc,
cnmark: Nordisk Konscrvatorlorbund,
danskc aldcling) 2005. isnx 879905838
Papcrs lrom this 2004 coursc on muscum
storagc, hcld by thc anish chaptcr ol
thc Nordic Conscrvation Association,
invcstigatc topics such as lacilitics dcsign
and layout, cnvironmcntal monitoring,
collcctions managcmcnt and tracking, and
risk managcmcnt. Tis situation ol muscum
storagc in thc Facroc !slands, !ccland and
Swcdcn is also discusscd. Tc publication
cnds with a scction ol coursc survcys
cvaluating conditions in six anish muscum
storagc lacilitics.
Paintings
Minimo intervento conservativo nel restauro
dei dipinti, Ccntro pcr lo studio dci matcriali
pcr il rcstauro (cvs:~v) (Saonara, !taly: !l
Prato) 2005. isnx 8889566299
Minimal intcrvcntion was thc topic ol this
2004 mccting organizcd by cvs:~v, thc
sccond in thc conlcrcncc scrics Colore e
Conservazione (Colour and Conscrvation). !n
addition to dcning thc tcrm and asscssing its
thcorctical implications, thc collcctcd papcrs
rccct on thc goal ol minimal intcrvcntion
in thc light ol canvas and pancl paintings
conscrvation practicc. Rclining and backing
critcria and tcchniqucs, climatic cccts on thc
mcchanical bchaviour ol paintings, cvaluating
and corrccting tcnsioning lcvcls, and othcr
topics arc discusscd.
Taiteen Muisti: konservoinnin kerrostumia/
Arts Memory: layers of conservation, Rcctta
KuojarviNarhi ct al. (cds.) (Hclsinki:
Sincbrycho Art Muscum) 2005.
isnx 951532730X
!n thc coursc ol thc 20012002 rcstoration
ol thc Sincbrycho Art Muscum, a historic
housc muscum locatcd in Hclsinki, a
scrics ol intcrvcntions took placc to thc
housc intcrior as wcll as to its collcctions
ol lurniturc, pancl paintings, portrait
miniaturcs and pastcls. Among thc paintings
rcstorcd wcrc works by Giovanni 8occati,
Jurgcn vcns, and Martcn dc \os. Tis
bilingual publication lrom thc \altion
Taidcmusco (Finnish National Gallcry)
documcnts thc rcstorations and thc scicntic
analyscs that prcccdcd thcm, and providcs
historical background on thc housc and its
objccts, including discovcrics that camc to
light as a rcsult ol thc conscrvation work.
Site management and maintenance
Historic Fortication Preservation Handbook,
avid M. Hanscn, Kimbcrly Kcaglc and
cborah Rchn (VA: Vashington Statc Parks
& Rccrcation Commission) 2003.
Tis handbook, produccd by thc Vashington
Statc Parks and Rccrcation Commission
togcthcr with thc Unitcd Statcs National
Park Scrvicc and thc Univcrsity ol rcgon,
addrcsscs thc lundamcntal issucs ol historic
lortication dcsignation and managcmcnt.
!ndividual scctions covcr: thc idcntication
and cvaluation ol military lortications
as historic propcrtics, providing scvcral
dicrcnt survcy and condition asscssmcnt
mcthods, discussion ol sitc diagnosis and
trcatmcnt, with cmphasis on building
matcrials such as masonry and concrctc,
and managcmcnt issucs including
documcntation, thc ramications ol public
owncrship, visitor salcty, sitc intcrprctation,
and sitc carc options. Abundant cxamplcs,
casc studics, samplc lorms and workshccts
arc providcd.
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
26
CONSERVATION RESOURCES
library@iccrom.org
Att vrda en kyrka, lisabcth Svalin
(Stockholm: \crbum Frlag) 2004. isnx 91
52630110
Tis short volumc on church maintcnancc,
produccd in conjunction with thc
Riksantikvaricambctct (Swcdish National
Hcritagc 8oard), providcs practical guidancc
to carctakcrs ol church propcrty in Swcdcn.
Tc book discusscs church intcriors and
cxtcriors with a locus on climatc issucs,
thc daily handling ol church objccts and
clcaning ol church spaccs, thc crcation
and maintcnancc ol invcntorics, and risk
managcmcnt issucs such as sccurity, rc, thclt
and salcty. ach chaptcr cnds with a chccklist
ol rccommcndcd actions, and contains
suggcstions on how to dcsign maintcnancc
routincs. For instanccs whcrc cxpcrt
assistancc must bc sought and pcrmissions
obtaincd, inlormation is givcn on thc typcs
ol Swcdish antiquitics authoritics and thc
assistancc cach can providc.
Sculpture
Policromia: a escultura policromada religiosa dos
sculos XVII e XVIII: estudo comparativo das
tcnicas, alteraes e conservao em Portugal,
Espanha e Blgi, Ana !sabcl Scruya ct al. (cds.)
(Lisbon: !nstituto portugucs dc conscrvaao c
rcstauro (!PCR)) 2004. isnx 9729572445
Tis book arosc lrom a comparativc study
projcct starting in 1999 which involvcd ninc
movablcobjccts conscrvation institutions in
Portugal, Spain and 8clgium. Tc intcnt was
to crcatc a subjcct databasc, as wcll as to work
systcmatically towards a uropcan standard
ol bcst practiccs lor conscrving rcligious
polychromc 8aroquc sculpturc. Papcrs lrom
thc 2002 conlcrcncc hcld at thc !PCR in
Lisbon prcscnt dicrcnt aspccts ol thc topic,
including study ol tcchniqucs, dctcrioration
cccts, work mcthodologics and pigmcnt
analysis lor polychromc sculpturc in wood,
clay and stonc.
Tourism
Tourisme solidaire et dveloppement durable,
JcanMaric Collombon ct al. (cds.) (Paris:
ditions du Grct) 2004.
isnx 2868441491
Tc tourism scctor is onc ol thc most
cconomically dynamic in thc world, yct its
vcry succcss crcatcs conccrns lor thc ncgativc
impacts ol incrcasing numbcrs ol visitors
on sitcs and on thc oltcndisadvantagcd
countrics whcrc thcy arc locatcd. Tis 2003
conlcrcncc discusscs thc crcation ol lair
tourism partncrships, dcdicatcd to crcating
a morc cthical consumption whcrc tourism
prots arc uscd in targct countrics lor
sustainablc dcvclopmcnt corts, including sitc
prcscrvation. Articlcs lrom thc conlcrcncc arc
prcscntcd, along with casc studics ol lair
tourism initiativcs in Francophonc Alrica and
thc Ncar ast.
Urban conservation
Cairo: Revitalising a Historic Metropolis,
Stclano 8ianca and Philip Jodidio (cds.)
(Turin: Umbcrto Allcmandi & Co) 2004.
isnx 8842212350
Cairo, with somc sixtccn million rcsidcnts,
is onc ol thc most dcnscly inhabitcd citics
in thc world, with a population lcvcl that
proloundly impacts thc citys historic
monumcnts and thc quality ol lilc ocrcd to
its rcsidcnts. To improvc living conditions
whilc prcscrving historical monumcnts, thc
Aga Khan Trust lor Culturc undcrtook an
urban rcdcvclopmcnt projcct, crcating thc
AlAzhar public gardcn out ol what was
prcviously barrcn wastcland, rcstoring thc
Ayyubid city wall, and rchabilitating thc
historic but cconomically challcngcd al
arb alAhmar district. Papcrs collcctcd in
this volumc rctracc thc history ol Cairos
monumcnts and outlinc aspccts ol thc urban
rcdcvclopmcnt schcmc, with its statcd aim ol
rcconciling conscrvation nccds with thosc ol
Cairo rcsidcnts.
Te Science of Saving Venice, Carolinc Flctchcr
and Janc a Mosto (Turin: Umbcrto
Allcmandi & Co.) 2004. isnx 8842213101
cspitc numcrous rcstoration works to its
monumcnts, \cnicc is at cvcrincrcasing risk
lrom ooding causcd by soil subsidcncc and
rising Adriatic scalcvcls, as wcll as lrom
lagoon modications and hcavy tra c which
altcr tidal pattcrns and ncgativcly impact
watcr purity. Tcsc rising lcvcls ol salt watcr
and pollution, in turn, attack thc citys stonc
loundations. Tis book, thc rcsult ol a thrcc
ycar rcscarch projcct bascd at Cambridgc
Univcrsity, distils thc statc ol currcnt
scicncc and cxplains potcntial solutions to
savc \cnicc, including barricr tcchnology,
rcstoration ol lagoon wctlands, and thc nccd
lor carclul coordination ol rcstoration corts.
27
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
The following books are a selection of recent
titles offered for sale by ICCROM. Unless
otherwise noted, works are in the language(s)
of the title.
The books may be purchased online from the
ICCROM bookshop (http://www.iccrom.org/
eng/db_bookshop.asp), or by downloading
the order form, or by writing directly to
the bookshop at ICCROM (address on back
cover).
Publications for Sale
Reburial of Archaeological
Sites: a colloquium
held at Santa Fe,
New Mexico, 17-21
March 2003. Spccial
issuc ol Conservation
and Management of
Archaeological Sites, \ol.
6, Nos. 3 and 4, 2004.
270 pp. 66.00
Conservation of Living
Religious Heritage,
H. Stovcl, N. Stanlcy
Pricc and R. Killick
(cds). Romc: iccvo:,
2005. 113 pp. (iccvo:
Conscrvation Studics
3). 40.00
Porous Building
Materials - Materials
Science for Architectural
Conservation,
G. Torraca. Rcprint.
Romc: iccvo:, 2005.
149 pp. 15.00
Te Preservation of
Great Zimbabwe: Your
Monument, Our Shrine.
V. Ndoro. Romc:
iccvo:, 2005. 90 pp.
(iccvo: Conscrvation
Studics 4). 30.00
Traditional
Conservation Practices
in Africa,
T. Joroy (cd.). Romc:
iccvo:, 2005. 104 pp.
(iccvo: Conscrvation
Studics 2). 30.00
Solubility and Solvents
for Conservation
Problems, G. Torraca.
Rcprint. Romc: iccvo:,
2005. 64 pp. 10.00
Legal Frameworks for the
Protection of Immovable
Cultural Heritage in
Africa, V. Ndoro and
G. Pwiti (cds). Romc:
iccvo:, 2005. 75 pp.
(iccvo: Conscrvation
Studics 5). 25.00
Management Guidelines
for World Cultural
Heritage Sites,
8.M. Fcildcn and
J. Jokilchto. Arabic
translation. Romc:
iccvo:, 2005. 142 pp.
20.00
El estudio y la
conservacin de la
cermica decorada en
arquitectura.
A. Alva 8aldcrrama, A.
Almagro \idal, and !.
8cstu Cardicl (cds).
Romc: iccvo:, 2003.
Scvcral languagcs.
60.00
CONSERVATION RESOURCES
publications@iccrom.org
ICCROM Newsletter 32, June 2006
28
ICOM Committee for
Conservation. 14th
Triennial Meeting, Te
Hague, 12-16 September
2005. Prcprints.
London: Jamcs &
Jamcs, 2005. 2 vols. and
1 cuvo:. 155.00
Les mosaques: conserver
pour prsenter/Mosaics:
Conserve to Display?,
VIIme confrence du
ICCM, Actes, Arles,
22-28 novembre 1999.
Arlcs: Musc dc lArlcs
antiquc, 2004. 493 pp.
!n Frcnch and nglish.
35.00
Te Compleat Marble
Sleuth, P. Rockwcll,
S. Roscnlcld and H.
Hanlcy. Sunny !slcs
8cach, FL, Rockrosc
Publishing, 2004.
233 pp. 50.00
Te Illustrated Burra
Charter: Good Practice
for Heritage Places,
Pctcr MarquisKylc
and Mcrcdith Valkcr.
8urwood: Australia
ico:os, 2004. 116 pp.
32.00
Keeping Time: the
History and Teory of
Preservation in America,
V. J. Murtagh. 3rd cd.
Hobokcn: N. J. Vilcy
& Sons, 2005. 249 pp.
34.00
Teory of Restoration,
Ccsarc 8randi.
Florcncc: Nardini
ditorc, 2005. 186 pp.
20.00
Guide de manipulation
des collections, \. !llcs, 8.
crion. Paris: Somogy
ditions dart, 2004.
128 pp. 20.00
Manual para el manejo de
los sitios del Patrimonio
Cultural Mundial,
8.M. Fcildcn and
J. Jokilchto. Romc:
!CCRM, 2003.
187 pp. 22.00
Preparacin ante el
riesgo: un manual para
el manejo del Patrimonio
Cultural Mundial, H.
Stovcl. Romc: iccvo:,
2003. 206 pp. 22.00
Survey of the legal
and professional
responsibilities of the
Conservator-Restorers.
CC, 2001. 324 pp.
8ilingual nglish and
Frcnch. 30.00
CONSERVATION RESOURCES
publications@iccrom.org
PARTNERS IN ICCROMS PROGRAMMES 2005 2006
Academy of Cultural Heritage, Vilnius, Lithuania
Agbodrafo Municipality, Togo
Agency for Cultural Affairs, Japan
Alvar Aalto Academy and Alvar Aalto Museum,
Finland
Amis du Patrimoine, Togo
Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientic
Organization (ALECSO)
Archaeological Survey of India
Asian Academy for Heritage Management
Association de Dveloppement de Tibl
Botswana National Museum, Botswana
Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI), Canada
Canadian Museum of Nature, Canada
Caribbean Regional Branch of the International
Council on Archives
Centre de Recherches sur la conservation des
documents graphiques (CRCDG), France
Centre for Building Technology, Finland
Centre for Heritage Development in Africa (CHDA),
formerly PMDA, Mombasa, Kenya
Centre International de la Construction en Terre
- Ecole Nationale Suprieure dArchitecture de
Grenoble (CRATerre-ENSAG), France
Centro de Conservao e preservao fotogrca
(FUNARTE), Brazil
Centro de Conservao Integrada Urbana e Territorial
(CECI), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
Centro Europeo Venezia
Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienza e Tecnica per la
Conservazione del Patrimonio Storico-Architettonico
(CISTeC), Italy
Centro Internacional para la Conservacin del
Patrimonio (CICOP), Tenerife, Spain
Centro Nacional de Conservacin y Restauracin
(CNCR), Santiago de Chile, Chile
Chalmers University of Technology, Gteburg,
Sweden
Chefferie de Tibl
Children of Phrae (COP), Thailand
Comit de Gestion du Tombeau des Askia, Gao, Mali
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ICVBC, Italy
Cultural Heritage Protection Cooperation Ofce, Asia/
Pacic Culture Centre for UNESCO (ACCU), Japan
Curso de Especializao em Conservao e
Restaurao de Monumentos e Conjuntos Histricos
(CECRE), Brazil
Departamento de Ingegniera Civil, Ponticia
Universidad Catlica del Per
Dpartement des Eaux et Forts, Gao, Mali
Department of Antiquities, Malawi
Department of Antiquities, Tanzania
Department of Antiquities and Museums, Uganda
DIANA Department for Preventive Conservation,
National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro
Direco Geral dos Edicos e Monumentos
Nacionais, Portugal
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Bnin
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Burkina Faso
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Cameroun
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Gabon
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Madagascar
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Niger
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Sngal
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel du Togo
Direction du Patrimoine Culturel et du
Dveloppement Culturel, Congo
Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel, Mali
Direction Rgionale des Sports et de la Culture, Gao,
Mali
DOCOMOMO International
Ecole du Patrimoine Africain (EPA), Benin
Escuela de Estudios Arabes, Granada, Spain
Estonian Academy of Arts, Tallinn, Estonia
The European Commission
Fine Arts Department, Thailand
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)
The Getty Conservation Institute (GCI), USA
The Getty Foundation, USA
Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
ICOM-Conservation Committee (ICOM-CC)
Institut National du Patrimoine (INP), France
Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Historico (IAPH),
Seville, Spain
International Committee for the Conservation of
Mosaics (ICCM)
International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS)
International Council of Museums (ICOM)
International Council on Archives (ICA)
International Council on Monuments and Sites
(ICOMOS)
International Federation of Library Associations and
Institutions (IFLA)
International Institute for Conservation (IIC)
Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Italy
Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia, Italy
Kabaka Foundation, Uganda
Library of Congress, USA
Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Direzione Generale per la
Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Italy
Ministero per i Beni e le Attivit Culturali, Italy
Ministry of Culture, Azerbaijan
Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Bulgaria
Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities and
Museums, Syrian Arab Republic
Ministry of Culture, Department of Antiquities,
Lebanon
Ministry of Culture, Department of Cultural Heritage
Protection, Lithuania
Ministry of Culture, Monuments Protection and Sport,
Georgia
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Department for
International Development Cooperation, Finland
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Department of
Antiquities, Jordan
Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara
Mombasa Old Town Conservation Ofce (MOTCO),
Kenya
Municipality of Kotor, Serbia and Montenegro
Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Norway
Naaba of Kokologho
Nara Municipality, Japan
National Archives of Brazil (AN), Brazil
National Board of Antiquities, Finland
National Centre for Arts and Culture, The Gambia
National Commission for Museums and Monuments,
Nigeria
National Heritage Board, Sweden
National Heritage Conservation Commission, Zambia
National Institute for Cultural Monuments, Bulgaria
National Monuments Council, Namibia
National Museum of Belgrade, Serbia and
Montenegro
National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands
National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe
National Museums of Kenya
National Museums of Namibia
National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
National Park Service, USA
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
Nara (NRICPN), Japan
National Research Institute for Cultural Properties,
Tokyo (NRICPT), Japan
National Research Laboratory for Conservation of
Cultural Property (NRLCP), India
Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage (ICN)
Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(NORAD)
Norwegian Institute for Cultural Heritage Research
(NIKU)
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
(NTNU)
Old Town Renewal Agency (OTRA), Lithuania
Opicio delle Pietre Dure (OPD), Italy
Organisation of World Heritage Cities
Parks Canada
Pontical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the
Church, Holy See
Private Committees for the Safeguarding of Venice
Regional Secretariat of the Organization of World
Heritage Cities for Africa and the Middle East, Tunis,
Tunisia
Republic of Montenegro Institute for Conservation of
Cultural Monuments, Serbia and Montenegro
Republic of Montenegro Regional Institute for
Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor, Serbia
and Montegengro
Riksantikvaren (Norwegian Directorate for Cultural
Heritage)
Robben Island Museum, South Africa
Royal Academy of Fine Arts, School of Architecture,
Copenhagen, Denmark
Samuel H. Kress Foundation
Saneyocop (South Asian Network of Young
Conservation Professionals)
SEAMEO-SPAFA (Regional Centre for Archaeology
and Fine Arts), Thailand
Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, Italy
Soprintendenza per i beni architettonici e per il
paesaggio per lUmbria, Italy
Soprintendenza Regionale dellUmbria, Italy
Soprintendenza Regionale per i Beni e le Attivit
Culturali della Liguria, Genoa, Italy
South African Heritage Resources Agency
Swedish International Development Cooperation
Agency (Sida), Sweden
Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences,
Department of Landscape Planning (SLU)
Tampere University of Technology, Finland
UNESCO, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris, France
UNESCO, Division des politiques culturelles et du
dialogue interculturel, Paris, France
UNESCO Ofce, Amman, Jordan
UNESCO Ofce, Bangkok, Thailand
UNESCO Ofce, Beirut, Lebanon
UNESCO Ofce, New Dehli, India
UNESCO Ofce, Ramallah, Palestinian Territories
UNESCO Ofce, Venice, Italy
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, France
UNESCO-PROAP (UNESCO Principal Regional Ofce
for Asia and the Pacic), Bangkok, Thailand
Universit della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
Universit Libanaise, Centre de Conservation et
Restauration, Tripoli, Lebanon
University of Botswana
University of Hong Kong, Architectural Conservation
Programme, China
University of Perugia, Italy
University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
University of Santo Tomes, Philippines
University of Urbino, Italy
University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe
US/ICOMOS
Valletta Rehabilitation Project Ofce, Malta
World Conservation Union (IUCN)
World Monuments Fund (WMF)
Partner list,15 June 2006
The articles in this newsletter
reect the range of programme
activities carried out by ICCROM
during 20052006. These activities
take place worldwide and take
on a variety of forms. They involve
courses, meetings, seminars and
publications on a wide range of
topics, as well as technical advisory
missions and other forms of support
to Member States.
The ICCROM programmes that have
been recommended by Council and
approved by the General Assembly
for the 2006-2007 Biennium are as
follows:
ICCROM Forum
Preventive conservation
Sharing conservation decisions
CollAsia 2010 (for Southeast Asian
collections)
Archives and libraries collections
conservation
Built heritage
AFRICA 2009
ATHAR
ICCROM NEWSLETTER, 32
JUNE 2006
ISBN 92-9077-202-6
ISSN 1010-2639
ICCROM 2006
Cover images
Top left: A funerary monument
in the Non-Catholic Cemetery of
Rome.
Top right: The Old City of Nablus in
April 2002 ( K. Bishara).
Bottom left: the library in Schloss
Branitz, Cottbus, Germany
( Stiftung Frst Pckler Museum
Park und Schlo Branitz).
Bottom right: Participants of the
ATHAR course examine mosaics.
All images ICCROM Archive unless
otherwise credited.
Ofce of the Director-General
Mounir Bouchenaki, Director-General,
Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and
Administration,
Maria Teresa Jaquinta,
Italian Government Development
Co-operation Coordinator
Pilar House, Personal Assistant to the DG
Geraldine Fructuoso, Administrative
Assistant
Sonia Santangelo, Administrative Clerk
Sites Unit
Joseph King, Unit Director
Zaki Aslan, Project Coordinator, ATHAR
Webber Ndoro, Project Manager, AFRICA
2009
Sadahiko Tanaka, Project Manager
Gamini Wijesuriya, Project Manager,
Baba Keita, Project Specialist, AFRICA
2009
Valerie Magar, Conservation Specialist
Ernesto Borelli, Laboratory Coordinator
Elena Incerti Medici,
Senior Administrative Assistant
Marie-France Adolphe, Administrative
Assistant, AFRICA 2009
Rahel Wolde Mikael, Administrative
Assistant, ATHAR
Sonia Widmer, Administrative Assistant
Collections Unit
Catherine Antomarchi, Unit Director
Rosalia Varoli-Piazza, Senior
Conservation Adviser
Katriina Simil, Project Manager
Aparna Tandon, Project Specialist
Jos Luiz Pedersoli Junior, Research
Scientist
Isabelle dAilhaud de Brisis,
Administrative Assistant
Chiara Lesprance, Administrative
Assistant
Ofce of Communication and Information
Robert Killick, Manager
Mnica Garca Robles, Web Administrator
M. Anna Stewart, Coordinator, Training,
Information & Fellowships
Elisa Ortiz, Administrative Assistant
Sabina Giuriati, Information Systems Clerk
Documentation, Library and Archives
Paul Arenson, Manager
Mara Mata Caravaca, Archivist
Margaret Ohanessian, Library Assistant
Gianna Paganelli, Library Assistant
Nicolina Falciglia, Technical Assistant
Christine Georgeff, Technical Assistance
Service/Library Assistant
Administration and Logistics
Bruno Pisani, Manager of Finance and
Administration
Meriem Boudjelti, EPA Fund Co-ordinator
Roberto Nahum, Information Systems
Administrator
Alessandro Menicucci, Head of Accountancy
Anna Berardino, Financial Clerk
Maurizio Moriconi, Accountancy Clerk
Cristina Parrini, Accountancy Clerk
Enrico Carra, Head of Logistics
Pietro Baldi, Logistics Assistant
Giuseppe Ciof, Driver & Messenger
Staff Programmes
N E W S L E T T E R
I C C R OM
ICCROM, the International Centre for the
Study of the Preservation and Restoration of
Cultural Property, is an intergovernmental
organization (IGO), and the only institution
of its kind dedicated to the protection and
preservation of cultural heritage worldwide,
including monuments and sites, as well as
museum, library and archive collections.
ICCROM fulls its mission through collecting
and disseminating information; co-ordinating
research; offering consultancy and advice;
providing advanced training; and promoting
awareness of the value of preserving cultural
heritage.
ICCROM
Via di San Michele, 13
I-00153 Rome, Italy
Telephone: +39-06585531
Fax: +39-0658553349
iccrom@iccrom.org
www. iccrom.org
I C C R O M
32
June 2006
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE STUDY OF THE PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CULTURAL PROPERTY