Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
No Jubilem La Memòria Argentine Documentary Film tion: During the 1930s, the “official”
In November, the Catalonias orga- After many years of hard work, a position of the yishuv (who represent-
nization No Jubilem La Memòria will group of Argentine filmmakers has ed the Jewish population in Palestine)
host its fourth annual gathering in produced the first documentary film was to send money and aid to the
Marçà, Priorat, Catalonia, during the about their country’s volunteers in the Spanish Republicans, BUT not to en-
weekend of November 4-5. To mark International Brigades. courage people to volunteer to fight in
the 70th anniversary of the outbreak Titled Those men--Argentinian Spain. This was the position of
of war, the main themes will include Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War, the Zionism not only in Palestine, but also
the reasons for the conflict and the film was directed by Ernesto in Europe: that the fight in Eretz Israel
tragic events of the early days. The Sommaro and researched by Jerónimo and the effort to create a solid yishuv
program will include conferences, film Boragina. The film consists of more was more important to Jews than
documentaries, and commemorative than 700 historical photographs and fighting in Spain.
acts. As always, International Brigade interviews with veterans of the bri- Hanita, a little settlement near the
veterans will be especially welcome. gades. “What is more,” the filmmakers border of Lebanon, created in 1938 in a
For more information, please email write, “Victor H. Morales, the most im- difficult place, became a symbol of the
Angela Jackson at nojubilemlamemo- portant sports commentator in fighting for the creation of settlements
ria@yahoo.com. More details of the Argentina and Latin America, contrib- and, ultimately, of the fighting for
program will soon appear on the web uted commentary that reflects the Jewish statehood. That is why the slo-
page www.nojubilemlamemoria.tk. feelings of the Spanish tragedy. gan of Zionists to discourage
No Jubilem La Memòria recently “The project has taken several volunteering for the Spanish civil war
received a grant from the Catalan gov- years, and although we received col- was “Hanita has precedence over
ernment to mount a small itinerant laboration from different people, we Madrid,” or, as Eran translated it,
photographic exhibition, “Prelude to did not receive any institutional sup- “Hanita before Madrid.”
the Last Battle: The International port. As a consequence, the results The film is, consequently, about
Brigades in the Priorat, 1938” (Preludi from this project have a double value those who, despite the official (and
de l’Última Batalla: Les Brigades for us. It is a dream come true to pres- widespread) attitude, thought that
Internacionals al Priorat, 1938). They ent this film for the 70th anniversary, MADRID had precedence over Hanita.
have also been awarded funding for and we hope we can inaugurate a The new film includes Palestinian
further research in this area. phase in which Latin Americans could Jewish volunteers. Apparently, no
be represented in this fight for free- Arab or Armenian volunteers are still
Memorial for Welsh Coal Miners dom and against antifascism.” alive; we searched for them, but it was
On Sunday, July 16, Britain’s The premiere was scheduled for not easy. Those interviewed in the film
International Brigade Memorial Trust July 20 at the Colon Theatre in Mar del are Dora Levin, Salman Salzman,
and Big Pit National Coal Museum un- Plata and by end of the month in the David Ostrowski, Shemuel Segal, one
veiled a plaque to commemorate the capital city. ancient “Israeli” who lives now in
involvement of Welsh miners in the For further information, email Germany (Kurt Goldstein), and also
Spanish Civil War. The ceremonies imap322@yahoo.com.ar. family and friends.
were held at Big Pit National Coal This is a very moving film focus-
Museum and began with songs from Documentary on Palestine IBs ing on personal sentiments of people.
C r Cochion Caerdydd. A new film about the Palestinian For more information about the
La Columna Spanish Civil War re- volunteers in the International availability of the film, contact the
enactment group also performed at Brigades, made by Eran Torbiner, had filmmaker: erantor@hotmail.co.il.
various venues, followed by screen- its premiere screening in Israel in July.
ings of several films about the events The English title of the film,
of the 1930s. Madrid before Hanita, requires explana-
W
e had heard the stories. Something was said along the
We were sophomores at lines of wanting to explore recent his-
Reading Memorial High tory and he took off. “It is better to die
School in Massachusetts; the stories on your feet than to live on your
were directed towards us and the sto- knees,” he dictated, quoting La
ries would soon become about us. Pasionaria, with whom we would later
As sophomores enrolled in become very familiar.
Honors World History II, for our se- The Abraham Lincoln Brigade had
mester exam grade we were required never been covered before as a
to participate in National History Day, National History Day topic, and our
a national competition in which stu- dropped jaws in response to La
dents create a project displaying, in Pasionaria’s quote essentially chose Left to right: Maryellen Groot, Victoria
exquisite detail, an event in history our topic for us. The fact that the men Ronga, Dr. Jeff Ryan (11th grade Honors
US History teacher), James DeBenedictis
following that year’s theme. For the and women, who were ordinary peo-
(10th grade Honors World History II
2005-2006 competition, topics had to ple, were traveling to Spain of their teacher), and Laura Williams.
clearly connect with the theme of own free will to fight the evils of fas-
“Taking a Stand in History: People, cism and to take a stand for pore over pictures for hours, as well as
Events and Ideas.” democracy struck us the hardest. attempting to translate Spanish.
Their connection with the people of The Abraham Lincoln Brigade be-
Spain and their feelings of responsibil- came the biggest part of our lives; we
ity to defend the elected government soon began to talk about the Brigade
drove people to volunteer, despite lim- members as though we knew them
itations from the American personally, and we spoke about them
government and a multitude of risks. to anyone and everyone as often as we
We then began the task of know- could. The objectives of National
ing the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in History Day are to teach students how
its entirety. A circular six-foot exhibit to think critically and develop re-
board was being constructed by us search skills as well as obtaining
from wood, plexiglass, batting, fabric, self-motivation. True, those goals were
screws, hinges, and staples in undoubtedly reached, but more so
Victoria’s basement, what would soon than those objectives we discovered
Topics could be presented in a become a second home, and hundreds the strength the human race possess-
wide variety of ways either individu- of note cards were being taken from es, and in turn, the strength we
ally or as part of a group: exhibit research. The books piled up; the in- possess.
boards, documentaries, essays, and formation and stories flowed between Many facts were uncovered about
performances. We knew we were go- us even in the hallways at school. the Spanish Civil War, but the
ing to create an exhibit board, but we Twice we traveled to New York Abraham Lincoln Brigade oozes unde-
soon became somewhat lost amongst University to visit the Abraham niably of courage and selflessness. Our
centuries of world history and insuffi- Lincoln Brigade Archives at the hope to spread the legacy of the
cient topics. We brought our case to Tamiment Library to touch 1936-39 Abraham Lincoln Brigade fueled
Dr. Jeffrey Ryan, an RMHS history war pamphlets and postcards and Continued on page 4
Fitting the Rules to the Ranks: Dollard’s 1942 study “Fear and An Orchestrated Litany of Lines:
A Look into the Nature of Discipline Courage Under Battle Conditions,” Contra el Guernica Libelo
in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade oral history interview transcripts from by Antonio Saura
By Irene S. Walcott the 1984 documentary The Good Fight, By Judy Neale
My thanks go to the staff at ALBA and to and papers from the Moscow Archives Pablo Picasso painted his now fa-
Mr. Moe Fishman of VALB for their in- (which have only recently been uncov- mous Guernica (1937) in response to
valuable assistance in aiding my research.
ered and made publicly available). the saturation bombing of the Basque
T
his paper examines discipline Research on this debate led to town of Gernika by the German
in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade several main findings and conclu- Condor Legion, which operated in ser-
in light of the continuing de- sions. Abraham Lincoln Brigaders vice of the insurrectionary Nationalist
bate over the motives, experiences and were willing to do anything, even forces during the Spanish Civil War.
orchestration of the U.S. volunteers die, if shown in a democratic and hu- Painted for the legitimately elected
who fought on the side of Republican manistic way that what they were to Republican government, Guernica was
Spain from 1936-39. The existing rep- do would further their political con- finally delivered to Spain in 1981, dur-
resentation of the “good fight” waged victions, advance the fight against ing the transition to democracy
by the idealistic youth of Depression- fascism and further democracy following the death of General Franco.
era America is now being countered worldwide. A hugely important ele- The outpouring of political and art-
by another, revisionist perspective, ment of discipline to the volunteers critical commentary which anticipated
the “dark side” of Communist control was personal and self-imposed, the “return” of this modernist icon
direct from Moscow that forced vol- which is, arguably, what kept them and charged political symbol provid-
unteers to stay in Spain and ruthlessly fighting in Spain. ed the material for a pamphlet by one
suppressed any military or political While neither side of the debate of Spain’s prominent post-war paint-
dissent. This research seeks to con- can tell the complete story of the na- ers, Antonio Saura. Entitled Contra el
tribute to this debate by investigating ture of discipline in the Abraham Guernica. Libelo, Saura’s satirical litany
one of the important questions: how Lincoln Brigade, the “good fight” ar- of invective was popularly but mistak-
much of the discipline was volun- gument seems to hide far less than enly interpreted as an attack on
tary and self-imposed and how much proponents of the “dark side” would Picasso and his painting.
was imposed upon the volunteers like to believe. The former may be The contention of “An Orchestrated
by Moscow and the Comintern? somewhat over-idealized, but the lat- Litany of Li(n)es: Contra el Guernica.
After a critical analysis of the de- ter is highly decontextualized (the Libelo by Antonio Saura” is that Saura’s
bate itself, the paper explores the evidence does not lead clearly to the text in fact restores both Guernica and
uniquely political nature of the argument) and so more easily dis- Gernika to their “true” frames, and
Spanish Civil War and composition of proved. The American volunteers constitutes a revisionist (art) history
the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. It then were strong individuals with strong spanning the Spanish Civil War, the
focuses on three specific aspects of political convictions and goals for the Franco dictatorship and the transition
discipline in the brigades: the role of future. They brought these convic- to democracy. In support of this
political commissars, the response to tions and their previous experiences contention, the thesis orients the
desertion and deserters, and the intro- of struggle with them to Spain, where reader to the individual and social
duction of saluting when the they went to further their ideals of voices, languages and literary genres
International Brigades were incorpo- fairness, humanity, individuality, drawn into Contra el Guernica. Libelo
rated into the Spanish Republican equality, and democracy. Discipline for the orchestration of Saura’s
Army. Many primary sources from the in the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, if it political and aesthetic themes, and to
Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives, was to be successful, had to take this the constant transpositions of their
now housed in New York University’s uniqueness into account. In other respective codes. It thus reveals the
Tamiment Library, were used. These words, the rules had to fit the ranks. artist’s erudition and suggests keys to
included the research files of John his problematic text: dialogism—
Continued on page 11
6 THE VOLUNTEER Sept 2006
Lincolns Star in Spanish Film
and used them in the Law earned his stripes, leading
documentary Souls his men in battle. In 1937 he was killed
without Borders, by mortar fire in Brunete.
which aired on One of the last African-American
Spanish National TV vets died in 1993. In a radio broad-
on June 30. cast, Jimmy Yates said before he died:
Randall’s photo- “It was in Spain where, for the first
graphic archive is time, being a Black man, I felt like a
the graphic memory free man.”
of an unprecedented In December 1936 the first
multiracial epic. In American volunteers shipped out of
his photos black and New York. They left behind a country
white Americans whose government had forbidden
Dave Smith stand arm in arm, all them to participate in the Spanish
wearing the same ragged uniforms. Civil War. They departed from a city
By Miguel Ángel Nieto “For the first time in the history of the where nine out of 10 inhabitants had
Editor’s note: The following article ap- American military, black officers com- no idea what was going on in Spain.
peared in Madrid’s El País, Sunday, June manded white troops,” reports the They were headed for a country where
25, 2006. It has been translated by California-based historian Peter they knew no one, and where no one
Anthony Geist, co-producer of the docu- Carroll. “The Lincoln
mentary film, Souls without Borders. Brigade was the first fully
H
arry Randall lives in the integrated unit in the
Arizona desert, in Tucson. United States. This had
His hands look more like never happened before,
a pianist’s than a photographer’s. and didn’t happen a short
In 1937 he was the photographer of time later, in WWII, when
the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, com- the US Army remained
posed of 2800 American volunteers segregated.”
who joined the Second Spanish
Republic in the fight against fascism. Oliver Law,
During the long year he fought in African-American
Spain, Randall took thousands of pho- Commander
tographs and filmed dozens of hours of The most legendary
combat. Many of these images, largely of the African-Americans
unpublished, sat in boxes until a group in the Lincoln Brigade,
Abe Smorodin
of Spanish filmmakers dug them out Oliver Law, was ap-
proached by an American colonel who was waiting for them.
visited Spain in 1937. He asked Law, They underwent brief basic train-
“Aren’t you ashamed to wear a uni- ing in Albacete and saw their first
Almas sin fronteras
form with those bars?” And Law action in the battle of the Jarama, in
(Souls without Borders)
answered him: “I was a corporal in February 1937. The Jarama was the
Directed by Miguel Ángel Nieto,
the American army, because I was first international battle of the Civil
Anthony L. Geist, and Alfonso
Domingo. Diagrama Producciones Black. Here, in Spain, we earn our War, and the first encounter between
(Madrid, 2006), 54 minutes. stripes for our valor, not for the color the forces that would face each other
of our skin.” Continued on page 8
A
t the end of the Spanish Civil Fascist Refugee Aid Committee was Communist or anarcho-syndicalist
War, as the remnants of the labeled a subversive organization and traditions, played very prominent
Spanish Republican army, its fundraising abilities were crippled. roles on the Loyalist side during the
along with nearly 20,000 civilians, Aid for the Spanish refugees, however,
fled Spain to seek refuge in France, it was one cause that transcended the
became clear that the French govern- Left-sectarian divide. In 1953, Nancy
ment was highly ambivalent about Macdonald took the initiative and,
offering asylum. Feeling threatened with the help of Pablo Casals, James T.
by Hitler and Mussolini, French lead- Farrell, Mary McCarthy, Norman
ers feared antagonizing Germany and Thomas, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.,
Italy. The refugees who made it over Hannah Arendt and many others, or-
the Pyrenees were, for the most part, ganized Spanish Refugee Aid (SRA).
forced into internment camps with- As part of its Spanish Civil War
out shelter, running water, food, or project, which began with the acquisi-
sanitation facilities. Disease prolifer- tion of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade
ated and the death rates were high. archive, the Tamiment Library at New
For men and women on the Left, York University recently acquired the
this humanitarian crisis reinforced the extensive historical records of Spanish
idea that the Western democracies had Refugee Aid. This archive tells the sto-
not only refused to defend the Spanish ry of the Spanish refugees and the SRA
Republican government but also were relief effort. More than 10,000 case files
determined to appease fascism at all provide biographical information about
costs. The cause of the Spanish refu- the men and women who fled Franco
gees became a rallying cry that united Spain. They include demographic data
the anti-fascist movements in Europe (information about ethnicity, families,
and America. and regional affiliation, politics, and
When France fell to the German pre-civil war occupations), the role that
army in June 1940, many of the more these refugees played in the
politically active refugees joined the Republican army and government, the
resistance. Yet during the occupation, forced march out of Spain, and concen- Spanish Civil War and later received
Spanish refugees found that it was im- tration camp experiences. particularly harsh treatment from the
possible to assimilate into French These unique records also docu- Franco regime.
society. Those who refused to work for ment SRA’s relationship with the Recognizing that these refugee
the Nazis were sent to the Mauthausen anti-Franco underground files are an important repository of the
concentration camp, where more than (Communists, Socialists, Anarcho- historical memory of the Spanish Civil
80% perished. While some of the sur- syndicalists, and the Spanish labor War, the government of Catalonia is
vivors were able to find their place in movement), conditions in Spanish supporting a project to preserve and
postwar society, many had been so jails, Spanish political prisoners, and catalog the SRA archives. During the
traumatized that they were too dis- efforts by the European and American second phase of this initiative, the
abled to take care of themselves. anti-Francoists to isolate fascist Spain Tamiment Library will digitize these
As early as 1940, the American from the international community. A files so that they can be made available
Left, through the Joint Anti-Fascist preliminary survey of the refugee case through the state archives in
Refugee Aid Committee, had begun to files reveals that nearly 20% of those Barcelona.
provide assistance to these Spanish who received assistance were of Michael Nash, an ALBA board member, is
Civil War survivors. During the Catalan origin. This is not surprising head of NYU’s Tamiment Library.
T
he international journalism that Spanish Republic, but balanced includ- The exhibit, supported by the
defined the struggles between ing journalists sympathetic to Franco. Fundacion Pablo Iglesias and produced
nationalists and republicans in The exhibit draws on newspapers and in collaboration with El Mundo, is pre-
Spain is the subject of a fine exhibit at magazines from Portugal, the United sented in both English and Spanish. It
the Instituto Cervantes in New York States, Sweden, Canada, France, Britain, is accompanied by a catalogue in
City, Correspondents in the Spanish Civil the Soviet Union, Poland and Italy. Spanish of photographs, articles, and
War 1936-1939. Skillfully blending Against this broad canvas, many gems essays on the war including historian
prose and pictures from European and stand out: a chilling account of nation- Paul Preston, and a recent interview
North American publications, the ex- alist executions of republicans at with Geoffrey Cox, who covered the
hibition presents the story of the war Badajoz by Jay Allen for the Chicago war for the British News Chronicle.
and an analysis of the ideas and emo- Tribune; a photograph of Mikhail After New York, the exhibition
tions it inspired in the news media. Koltsov of Pravda interviewing the an- will appear in Lisbon and Madrid.
Newcomers to the story of the archist leader Bueneventura Durruti; Correspondents in the Spanish Civil
Spanish Civil War will find a solid in- Harold G. Cardozo extolling the na- War runs through September 30, 2006,
troduction to the struggle and why it tionalist defenders of the Alcazar for at the Instituto Cervantes, 211 East
mattered to so many people. the British Daily Mail; a copy of George 49th Street, New York, NY. The exhibit
Knowledgeable visitors will be im- Orwell’s essay “Spilling the Spanish is open Tuesdays to Fridays from 12:30
pressed by photographs, excerpts from Beans,” which was the foundation of pm to 6:30 pm and Saturdays from 10
classic reports, and original copies of Homage to Catalonia, in The New English am to 1:30 pm. Admission is free.
books, magazines and newspapers Weekly; and reports from Spain about Robert W. Snyder, ALBA board member,
from the time of the conflict. “Moors and colored people” in the war teaches journalism and media studies at
Correspondents in the Spanish Civil for the Baltimore Afro-American by Rutgers-Newark.
E
urope had been at war for twenty-seven months
before the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941, drawing the United States
into World War II. But except for what the public could
glimpse through newspapers, newsreels, and radio, few
Americans had faced the horror of modern warfare.
There was, however, one group of Americans who had
already confronted the fascist enemy on the battlefield
and had first-hand experience of the political stakes.
These were the U.S. veterans of the Abraham Lincoln
Brigade, a volunteer army of about twenty-eight hun-
dred men and women who sailed to Europe to fight
against fascism in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39).
After nearly three years of bitter, cruel warfare, General
Francisco Franco’s armies defeated the Republican forces in
March 1939. President Franklin D. Roosevelt acknowledged
that U.S. neutrality in the Spanish Civil War had been a
mistake. Six months later, the same German air forces that
bombed the Basque village of Guernica in 1937 were flying
over Poland launching the war that the Lincolns thought
could have been prevented. Although many brigaders
reluctantly hewed to the Communist party’s non- interven- been “premature antifascists.” By going to Spain, they
tionist line in 1939 and 1940, after Germany invaded the marked themselves as radicals whose loyalty to the govern-
Soviet Union in June 1941, they became enthusiastic about ment was suspect. After World War II, they were among
the second chance to achieve victory over fascism. the first victims of the Red Scare.
Even when U.S. military authorities, who were con- Most of the letters in this volume were selected from
cerned about the brigaders’ ties to the Communist party, thousands more that may be found in the Abraham
attempted to thwart their ambitions by blocking officer’s Lincoln Brigade Archives (ALBA) collection in New York
commissions and overseas combat assignments, the University’s Tamiment Library. Others came from the per-
Lincolns remained doggedly loyal to the struggle. African sonal collections of individuals and their families that can
American volunteers, who after serving in the integrated be found in the ALBA collection or in other depositories.
Lincoln brigade were forced into second-class duties in the
segregated U.S. army, maintained their commitments to
destroy the fascist beast; and when finally given the chance THE GOOD FIGHT CONTINUES
To order, use form on p. 17 or go to
to fight, they proved to be exceptional soldiers. Wherever
they served, individual Lincoln veterans won innumerable www.alba-valb.org
awards for bravery and sacrifice. The Good Fight Continues programs for teachers:
Despite their heroism in the second war against fas- www.alba-valb.org/curriculum/index.php?module=8
cism, the Lincolns never overcame the stigma of having
available Soviet sources. Rather, it is tance to the onslaught of the Army of Taken together, the implicit message
an article of faith, much as it has al- Africa’s seasoned troops? Quite sim- of Beevor’s intense ideological anti-
ways been for Cold War historians, ply, how might they stay alive? communism, combined with his
from Burnett Bolloten to Ronald Nor is the sociological complexity equally vehement criticism of
Radosh, and to whose school Beevor of Spain’s wartime mass communism Francoist barbarity, would seem to be
clearly belongs. As with his predeces- ever really explored. Beevor makes “a plague on both your houses.” This
sors, Beevor’s anti-communism at passing reference to the movement’s is not so very far removed from views
times blinds him to the evidence of his social and cultural hybridity but never explicitly expressed by some elite
own material. Many of the reports draws any conclusions from this in British opinion formers at the time.
filed by the Republic’s Soviet advisors terms of its political trajectory during But for a widely read professional his-
indicate their utter powerlessness to the war, nor to its manifest and obvi- torian to be implying the same in the
affect military outcomes given materi- ous weakness when faced with the 21st century is myopic and more than
al shortages and the huge Casado coup that capsized Republican unfortunate, ignoring as it does the
organizational and personnel prob- resistance in March 1939. Though the quite fundamental differences be-
lems they confronted. They were movement purportedly controlled ev- tween the Francoist and Republican
equally bewildered by the complexity erything in Republican Spain, the political projects. No doubt the author
and diversity of the Republican politi- historian is increasingly awash with would say that this is simply the cur-
cal scene, which neither they nor their evidence (much of it courtesy of the rent reviewer’s own “article of faith.”
Soviet masters ever really understood, Soviet archives) that indicates quite But in fact these differences are pretty
let alone controlled. In the end, of the opposite. Ultimately the problem much empirically verifiable if one
course, the Cold War view of the with Beevor’s relentless anticommu- compares the judicial, social and eco-
Spanish Republic at war is an imperi- nism is the problem of all conspiracy nomic practices of the Republican state
alist one: “Spain” was a blank canvas views of history: they never do justice at war (warts and all) with the practic-
until written on by agendas of the to the complexity of how and why es of Franco’s (emergent) new order.
great powers. The history of things happen. No doubt many com- Ideological blind spots notwith-
Republican Spain and the agency of its munists at the time believed their standing, Antony Beevor’s book is
protagonists are entirely written out of party-movement’s rhetoric: that “his- worth reading for its broad synthesis-
the script. tory” was on their side, that theirs was ing coverage—although the reader
Without any apparent sense of the the grand design. But that belief is an should beware of minor errors and
absurdity of the proposition, Beevor historical phenomenon, while Beevor gremlins that have inevitably crept in,
tell us that in August 1936 in Spain seems to mistake it for a methodology. given the scale of the author’s endeav-
“the communists” were interested in Much counterfactuality also our. The book’s real value, however,
building an army only because they creeps into Beevor’s assessment, in lies in Beevor’s thought-provoking
judged that, compared to the militia, it spite of this being the historian’s car- military analysis. For even if one dis-
would be easier to dominate. But in dinal sin. If Francoism was bad, he agrees with his conclusions, and there
the apocalyptic conditions of summer insists that a victorious Republic, post- are plenty of grounds for doing so, his
1936, all of the Republic’s frontline de- victory, would have engaged in just as assessments will contribute to and
fenders were interested in building an bloody a repression. Once again, this stimulate wider interest in the com-
army to fight Franco. Whether in isn’t so much argued as stated and as- plex ongoing debate over Republican
Mérida or Madrid, communists, so- sumed--indeed there isn’t even a military strategy and its political and
cialists, anarchists and republicans passing reference to the evidence/ar- material constraints. And that is no
were absorbed body and soul by pres- guments to the contrary available in bad thing.
ent danger: how might they several of the specialist texts the au-
conceivably offer an effective resis- thor cites in his own bibliography.
WWW.ALBA-VALB.ORG
BOOKS ABOUT THE LINCOLN BRIGADE by Cary Nelson
The Good Fight Continues: World War II Letters from Passing the Torch: The Abraham
the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Lincoln Brigade and its Legacy of Hope
edited by Peter N. Carroll, Michael Nash & Melvin Small by Anthony Geist and Jose Moreno
The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction Another Hill
by Helen Graham by Milton Wolff
Member of the Working Class Our Fight—Writings by Veterans of the
by Milton Wolff Abraham Lincoln Brigade: Spain 1936-1939
Fighting Fascism in Europe. The World War II Letters of edited by Alvah Bessie & Albert Prago
an American Veteran of the Spanish Civil War Spain’s Cause Was Mine
by Lawrence Cane, edited by David E. Cane, Judy by Hank Rubin
Barrett Litoff, and David C. Smith Comrades
The Front Lines of Social Change: Veterans of the by Harry Fisher
Abraham Lincoln Brigade The Odyssey of the Abraham
by Richard Bermack Lincoln Brigade
Soldiers of Salamas by Peter Carroll
by Javier Cercas The Lincoln Brigade, a Picture History
Juan Carlos: Steering Spain from Dictatorship to by William Katz and Marc Crawford
Democracy
by Paul Preston EXHIBIT CATALOGS
British Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War They Still Draw Pictures: Children’s Art in Wartime
by Richard Baxell by Anthony Geist and Peter Carroll
The Wound and the Dream: Sixty Years of American The Aura of the Cause, a photo album
Poems about the Spanish Civil War edited by Cary Nelson
VIDEOS
❑ Yes, I wish to become an ALBA Into the Fire: American Women in the Spanish Civil War
Associate, and I enclose a check for Julia Newman
$30 made out to ALBA (includes a one Art in the Struggle for Freedom
year subscription to The Volunteer). Abe Osheroff
Name ____________________________________ Dreams and Nightmares
Abe Osheroff
Address__________________________________ The Good Fight
Sills/Dore/Bruckner
City________________ State ___Zip_________ Forever Activists
Judith Montell
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You Are History, You Are Legend
_________. I wish ❑ do not wish ❑ to have this
Judith Montell
donation acknowledged in The Volunteer.
Professional Revolutionary: Life of Saul Wellman
Please mail to: ALBA, 799 Broadway, Room 227, Judith Montell
New York, NY 10003
Lois B. Pomeroy in memory of Lou Gordon $25 Karel Kilimnik in memory of Boone Schermer $20
Anne, Luke, James & Brenda Gordon in memory of Bunny & Jeff Dell in memory of Ann Newman
Lou Gordon $500 $100
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