1: What is primary productivity? What do we measure it in?

(units) Primary productivity is when organic compounds go through synthesis from carbon dioxide. It is measured by the oxygen production and consumption of oxygen.

2: What are producers? Who are the main producers in the ocean? How is this measured in an aquatic environment? Producers are organisms that produce their own food. The main producers in the ocean are the phytoplankton. To measure the amount of producers in an aquatic environment is

3: What is a trophic level? List and define the trophic levels. (Give examples) Trophic level is each feeding level in an ecosystem. Producers: see number two Consumers: organisms that consumers other Detrivitores: organisms that feed on dead organic materials Decomposers: organisms that decomposes organic materials

In which direction does the arrow go in a food web? Explain. There are no directions in a food web because it goes in all directions making a web.

4: What is a food web? How is it different than food chains? A food web is a more complex food chain. It is different than a food chain because it is a singular line of organism, while the food web branches out in all directions.

5: Explain the limiting factors for growth in ecosystems. Explain logistic growth. Limiting factors limits the population of organisms due to limit amount of one or more resources. These resources includes: water, sunlight, space, shelter, food

6: What is the carrying capacity (K) of an ecosystem?

 Carrying capacity is the maximum amount of organisms of a particular species that can survive over long periods of time in a given environment.

7: What factors affect the carrying capacity of a population? Explain how wolves and elk populations are linked and how they will reach equilibrium. The factors that affect the carrying capacity of a population are the food availability, water, environmental conditions, and spaces. Wolves and elk population are linked because wolves depend on elk as a food resource. To reach equilibrium, there must be an equal amount of both species for wolves to survive and reproduce.

8: Summarize the story of the Whitebark Pine and how humans can impact an entire ecosystem by choices we make (directly or indirectly). Whitebark Pine is a location that contains a lot of pine nuts and squirrels. Due to the rise in temperature, the amount of nuts has been decrease. Bears and squirrels utilize the pine nuts as a food source; therefore the squirrel and bear population are affected by the loss of nuts as well.