Sadam UTHM Chap 1

Company Introduction
LOGO
• Lecturer
– NORHANIM BINTI SELAMAT (Coordinator)
– ZEHAN AFIZAH BINTI AFIP @ AFIF
BIT 2013
– SITI MAHFUZOH BINTI WASIKON
ANALISIS DAN REKABENTUK SISTEM /
– HANNANI BINTI AMAN
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
• Lesson Plan
• Contact: norhanim@uthm.edu.my
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Afip 1 Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah
@ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim) Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim) 2
Introduction Information System

• The system development life cycle (SDLC) An Information System (IS) is such a grouping
is the process of understanding how an (people, objects and processes) that provides
information system (IS) can support
information about the organisation and its
business needs, design the system,
developing it and delivering it to users. environment. This information should be
useful to members and clients of that
• The key person in the SDLC is the system
analyst who analyzes the business situation, organisation.
identifies opportunities for improvements
and designs an information system to
implement them.
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah
Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim) 3 Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim) 4
Information Systems (con’t) Information Systems (con’t)

Take one example of information system:
-Processing of sales orders from customers
Grouping Environment – important elements outside the
People – staff of the company working in sales organisation. for example the firms’ competitors as
well as its customers.
Objects – records about customers and employees
Processes – a check to ensure the customer is
creditworthiness Organisation – bank, business, hospital, university,
and any other group of people trying to achieve a
Information – customer’s worthiness, whether the
common objective or ‘working together’.
products ordered are in stock, total cost of the sales
order.
1
The Role of Information in The Role of Information in
Organisations Organisations (con’t)
• A RESOURCE • AN ASSET
– can serve as an input to – can serve as the property
the production of of a person or an
outputs. For example, organisation that
contributes to a
hotel workers and company’s output. For
attorneys use information example, manager view
to serve their customers information as an
better. investment that they can
use strategically to give
the company an
advantage over its
competitors.
The Role of Information in Components of Information

Organisations (con’t) Systems
• A COMMODITY
– Companies can also sell IS Component
information, making it a
commodity. For People Hardware Software Data
example, publishers of
directories, television End Users IS Specialist
guides make a profit Systems Applications Specific-Purpose
from selling information.
Computer Systems Computer Peripherals
Components of Information Components of Information

Systems (con’t) Systems (con’t)
People Hardware
Computer systems:
End users:
Mainframes, supercomputers, minicomputers,
the people who use the system or information
it produces personal computers
Computer peripherals:
a source of data which is input into the
information system keyboards, optical scanners, bar-code readers,
Information systems specialists:

touch screens –input
Magnetic or optical devices – data storage
the people who develop and operate
information systems. Printers, video screens – output of information
e.g. system analyst, developer, tester
2
Components of Information Components of Information
Systems (con’t) Systems (con’t)
Software Data
Systems software
The basis for the informational aspects of the
This is a set of general programs which manages and controls
all of the operations of a computer system so that its use is
information system and hence is a key element of any
optimised. IS
An operating system provides the interface to the computer Data might exist from market intelligence, contacts,
hardware and is the buffer between users and the hardware.
Modern trend: support WIMP and ‘post WIMP’.
product, etc…
Applications software The information that could be derived from such
Software that performs a specific set of tasks related to data: Product prices and costs, delivery of the
business functions products/services, target specific promotions and
Software packages and electronic spreadsheets campaigns.
Specific-purpose or bespoke software
Referred to asNorhanim
‘tailor-made’ software
Selamat & Zehan Afizah Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah
Systems Analysts Recommend, Design, and

Maintain Many Types of Systems for Users A systems analyst
may be involved with
1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) Strategic
Level
any or all of these
2. Office Automation Systems (OAS) systems at each
3. Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) organization level
Higher
4. Management Information Systems (MIS) Level
5. Decision Support Systems (DSS)
6. Expert Systems (ES) Knowledge
Level
7. Executive Support Systems (ESS)
8. Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Operational
Level
9. Computer-Supported Collaborative Work
Systems (CSCWS)
Pg. 2
Operational Level Knowledge Level

• Office Automation System (OAS)
• Transaction Processing System (TPS) – Supports data workers who share information, but do not
– Process large amounts of data for routine business usually create new knowledge
transactions – Examples: Word processing, Spreadsheets, Desktop
– Boundary-spanning publishing, Electronic scheduling, Communication through
– Support the day-to-day operations of the company voice mail, Email, Video conferencing
– Examples: Payroll Processing, Inventory Management • Knowledge Work System (KWS)
– Supports professional workers such as scientists, engineers,
and doctors
– Examples: computer-aided design systems, virtual reality
systems, investment workstations
3
Higher Level Strategic Level
• Management Information System (MIS) • Executive Support System (ESS)
– Support a broad spectrum of organizational tasks including – Helps executives to make unstructured strategic decisions
decision analysis and decision making in an informed way
– Examples: profit margin by sales region, expenses vs. – Examples: drill-down analysis, status access
budgets • Group Decision Support System (GDSS)
• Decision Support System (DSS) – Permit group members to interact with electronic support
– Aids decision makers in the making of decisions – Examples: email, Lotus Notes
– Examples: financial planning with what-if analysis, • Computer-Supported Collaborative Work System
budgeting with modeling (CSCWS)
• Expert System (ES) – CDCWS is a more general term of GDSS
– Captures and uses the knowledge of an expert for solving a – May include software support called “groupware” for team
particular problem which leads to a conclusion or collaboration via network computers
recommendation
– Example: video conferencing, Web survey system
– Examples: MYCIN, XCON
Integrating New Technologies into Figure 1.2 Systems analysts need to be aware that
integrating technologies affects all types of systems
Traditional Systems
• Ecommerce and Web Systems
• Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
• Wireless Systems
• Open Source Software
• Need for Systems Analysis and Design
Enterprise Resource Planning

Ecommerce and Web Systems
Systems (ERP)
• Benefits • Performs integration of many information
– Increasing user awareness of the availability of a service, systems existing on different management
product, industry, person, or group
levels and within different functions
– The possibility of 24-hour access for users
– Improving the usefulness and usability of interface design • Example: SAP, Oracle
– Creating a system that can extend globally rather than
remain local, thus reaching people in remote locations
without worry of the time zone in which they are located
4
Wireless Systems Open Source Software
• System analyst may be asked to design standard or • An alternative of traditional software development
wireless communication networks that integrate where proprietary code is hidden from the users
voice, video and email into organizational intranets or • Open source software is free to distribute, share and
industry extranets modify
• System analyst may also be asked to develop • Characterized as a philosophy rather than simply the
intelligent agents process of creating new software
• Example: Microsoft's new software based on • Example: Linux Operating System, Apache Web
Bayesian statistics Server, Mozilla Firefox Web browser
• Wireless communication is referred as m-commerce
(mobile commerce)
Need for Systems Analysis and

Exercise:
Design
• Installing a system without proper planning leads to 1. Who is the systems analyst?
great user dissatisfaction and frequently causes the
2. List three roles that the systems analyst is
system to fall into disuse
called upon to play. Provide a definition for
• Lends structure to the analysis and design of
information systems
each one of the role.
• A series of processes systematically undertaken to 3. What personal qualities are helpful to the
improve a business through the use of computerized systems analyst? List them.
information systems 4. List and briefly define the seven phases of
the system development life cycle (SDLC).
Thank You
Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah

Afip @ Afit (PM. Dr. Rosziati Ibrahim) 29

Sadam UTHM Chap 1

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Sadam UTHM Chap 1

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Company Introduction

Introduction Information System

Information Systems (con’t) Information Systems (con’t)

The Role of Information in Components of Information

Components of Information Components of Information

Information systems specialists:

e.g. system analyst, developer, tester

Systems Analysts Recommend, Design, and

Operational Level Knowledge Level

Enterprise Resource Planning

Need for Systems Analysis and

Norhanim Selamat & Zehan Afizah

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