John Lennon

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John Lennon

Lennon rehearsing "Give Peace a Chance" in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 1969

Background information
Birth name John Winston Lennon
9 October 1940
Born
Liverpool, England, UK
8 December 1980 (aged 40)
Died
New York City, United States
Rock, pop rock, psychedelic rock,
Genre(s)
experimental rock, rock and roll
Occupation(s) Singer-songwriter, Artist, Peace activist
Instrument(s) Vocals, guitar, piano, bass, harmonica
Years active 1957 – 1976, 1980
Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, EMI, Geffen,
Label(s)
Polydor
Associated The Quarrymen, The Beatles, Plastic Ono
acts Band, The Dirty Mac
Website www.johnlennon.com
Notable instrument(s)
Rickenbacker 325
Epiphone Casino
Gibson J-160E
 Martin D-28
Fender Bass VI
Les Paul Junior

John Winston Ono Lennon,[1][2] MBE (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 1940 – 8
December 1980) was an English rock musician, singer, and songwriter who gained
worldwide fame as one of the founding members of The Beatles. Lennon along with Paul
McCartney formed one of the most influential and successful songwriting partnerships
and "wrote some of the most popular music in rock and roll history".[3] Lennon revealed a
rebellious nature and biting wit in his music, on film, in books, and at press conferences
and interviews. He was controversial through his work as a peace activist and artist.

After The Beatles, Lennon enjoyed a successful solo career with such acclaimed albums
as John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band and Imagine and iconic songs such as "Give Peace a
Chance" and "Imagine". After a self-imposed "retirement" from 1976 to 1980, Lennon
reemerged with a comeback album, Double Fantasy, which would win the 1981 Grammy
Award for Album of the Year. Less than one month after the release of the album, Lennon
was murdered in New York City on 8 December 1980.

In 2002, respondents to a BBC poll on the 100 Greatest Britons voted Lennon into eighth
place. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Lennon number 38 on its list of "The
Immortals: The Fifty Greatest Artists of All Time" and ranked The Beatles at number one.
He was also ranked fifth greatest singer of all time by Rolling Stone in 2009.[4] He was
inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1987, and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
in 1994.

Contents
[hide]

• 1 Early years: 1940–1957

• 2 The Beatles: 1957–1970
• 3 Solo career
• 4 Marriages and relationships
o 4.1 Cynthia Lennon
o 4.2 Yoko Ono
o 4.3 May Pang/The "Lost Weekend"
o 4.4 Julian Lennon
o 4.5 Sean Lennon
o 4.6 The former Beatles
• 5 Political activism
• 6 Drugs, meditation and primal therapy
• 7 Humour
• 8 Writing and art
• 9 Pseudonyms
 • 10 Death
• 11 Awards with The Beatles
o 11.1 Solo career
• 12 Discography
• 13 Musical instruments
• 14 Notes
• 15 References

• 16 External links

[edit] Early years: 1940–1957

Further information: Julia Lennon, Alfred Lennon, Mimi Smith, and George Toogood
Smith

John Winston Lennon was born in the Liverpool Maternity Hospital, Oxford Street,
Liverpool, to Julia Lennon (née Stanley) and Alfred (Alf, or Freddie) Lennon, during the
course of a German air raid in World War II. Julia's sister, Mary Smith, (Mimi) ran
through the blacked out back roads to reach the hospital. A two mile trek to the hospital,
she used the explosions to see where she was going.[5][6][7] He was named after his paternal
grandfather, John 'Jack' Lennon, and Winston Churchill.[7] Alf was a merchant seaman
during World War II, and was often away from home, but sent regular pay cheques to
Julia, who was living with the young Lennon at 9 Newcastle Road, Liverpool, but the
cheques stopped when Alf went AWOL in 1943.[8][9] When Alf eventually came home in
1944, he offered to look after his wife and son, but Julia (who was pregnant with another
man's child) rejected the idea.[10] After considerable pressure from her sister, Mary
"Mimi" Smith (who contacted Liverpool's Social Services to complain about Julia), she
handed the care of Lennon over to Mimi.[11] In July 1946, Alf visited Mimi and took
Lennon to Blackpool, secretly intending to emigrate to New Zealand with him.[12] Julia
followed them, and after a very heated argument, Alf made the five-year-old Lennon
choose between Julia or him, and Lennon chose him twice. As Julia walked away,
however, Lennon began to cry and followed her. Alf then lost contact with Lennon until
the height of Beatlemania, when father and son met again.[13]

Mendips; George and Mimi Smith's home, where Lennon lived for most of his childhood
and adolescence.
Throughout the rest of his childhood and adolescence, Lennon lived with his Aunt Mimi
and her husband George Smith, who had no children of their own, in Woolton, in a house
called "Mendips" (251 Menlove Avenue). Mimi bought volumes of short stories for
Lennon, and George, who was a dairyman at his family's farm, engaged Lennon in
solving crossword puzzles, and bought him a harmonica. (Smith died on 5 June
1955).[14][12] Julia Lennon visited Mendips almost every day, and when Lennon was 11 he
often visited her at 1 Blomfield Road, Liverpool. Julia taught Lennon how to play the
banjo, and played Elvis Presley's records for him. The first song he learned was Fats
Domino's "Ain't That A Shame".[15][16]

Lennon was raised as an Anglican and attended Dovedale Primary School until he passed
his Eleven-Plus exam.[17][18] From September 1952 to 1957, he attended the Quarry Bank
High School in Liverpool, where he was known as a "happy-go-lucky" pupil, drawing
comical cartoons and mimicking his teachers.[19][20][21]

Julia bought Lennon his first guitar in 1957, which was a Gallotone Champion acoustic (a
cheap model that was "guaranteed not to split").[22] Julia insisted it be delivered to her
house and not to Mimi's, who hoped that Lennon would grow bored with music; She was
sceptical of Lennon's claim that he would be famous one day, often telling him, "The
guitar's all very well, John, but you'll never make a living out of it."[22][23] On 15 July
1958, when Lennon was 17, Julia was killed on Menlove Avenue (close to Mimi's house)
when struck by a car driven by an off-duty police officer.[24][25] Her death was a bond
between Lennon and Paul McCartney, who also had lost his own mother (to breast
cancer) on 31 October 1956.[26]

Lennon failed all his GCE O-level examinations, and was only accepted into the
Liverpool College of Art with help from his school's headmaster and Mimi. There,
Lennon met his future wife, Cynthia Powell, when he was a Teddy Boy.[27] Lennon was
often disruptive in class and ridiculed his teachers, resulting in them refusing to have him
as a student.[28][29] Lennon failed an annual Art College exam despite help from Powell,
and dropped out before his last year of college.[30]

[edit] The Beatles: 1957–1970

Main articles: The Quarrymen, Lennon/McCartney, and The Beatles
Further information: The Beatles discography
The Beatles arriving in the U.S. in 1964.

When Lennon decided that he wanted to try making music himself, he and fellow Quarry
Bank Grammar School friend, Eric Griffiths, took guitar lessons at Hunts Cross in
Liverpool, although Lennon gave up the lessons soon after.[31] Lennon started The
Quarrymen in March 1957.[32] On 6 July 1957, Lennon met McCartney at the
Quarrymen's second concert at the St. Peter's Church Woolton Garden fête.[33][34]
McCartney's father told his son that Lennon would get him "into a lot of trouble", but
later allowed The Quarrymen to rehearse in the front room at 20 Forthlin Road.[35][36]
There, Lennon and McCartney began writing songs together. The first song Lennon
completed was "Hello, Little Girl" when he was 18 years old, which later became a hit
for the Fourmost.[37] McCartney convinced Lennon to allow George Harrison to join the
Quarrymen (even though Lennon thought Harrison to be too young) after Harrison played
the song "Raunchy" for Lennon on the upper deck of a bus.[38] Harrison joined the band as
lead guitarist, and Stuart Sutcliffe — Lennon's friend from art school — later joined as
bassist.[39][40] After a series of name changes, the group decided on The Beatles. Lennon
was always considered the leader of the group, as McCartney explained: "We all looked
up to John. He was older and he was very much the leader - he was the quickest wit and
the smartest and all that kind of thing."[41][42]

Allan Williams became the Beatles' first manager in May 1960, after they had played in
his Jacaranda club.[43] A few months later he booked them into Bruno Koschmider's Indra
club in Hamburg, Germany.[44][45] Lennon's Aunt Mimi was horrified when he told her
about the trip to Hamburg, and pleaded with him to continue his studies.[46] After the first
residency Sutcliffe left The Beatles to concentrate on his artwork, and to be with his
girlfriend, Astrid Kirchherr. McCartney took over as bass player for the group.[47]
Koschmider reported McCartney and drummer Pete Best for arson after the two attached
a condom to a nail in the 'Bambi' (a cinema where they were staying) and set fire to it.[48]
They were deported, as was Harrison for working under age.[49] A few days later Lennon's
work permit was revoked and he went home by train.[50]

Lennon's guitars.
After Harrison turned 18 and the immigration problems had been solved, The Beatles
went back to Hamburg for another residency in April 1961. While they were there, they
recorded "My Bonnie" with Tony Sheridan.[51] News of Sheridan and The Beatles' record
was published on the front page of Mersey Beat — a Liverpool music magazine — which
was available at Brian Epstein's music store, and prompted Epstein to order extra copies
from Polydor.[52] In April 1962, The Beatles went back to Hamburg to play at the Star-
Club, and were told that Sutcliffe had died two days before they arrived.[53] This was
another blow for Lennon, after losing his uncle and his mother.[53]

On 9 May 1962, George Martin signed The Beatles to EMI's comedy label, Parlophone.
After their first recording session, Martin voiced his displeasure with Best.[54] It was
decided that Ringo Starr, drummer with Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, should join,
although it was left to Epstein to inform Best. Epstein dismissed Best on 16 August 1962,
almost exactly two years after Best had joined the group.[55][56] The Beatles released their
first double-sided original single, "Love Me Do" b/w "P.S. I Love You" on 5 October; it
reached #17 on the British charts (although Starr did not play on these tracks, Martin
having secured the services of Andy White, a session drummer, before he knew Best had
been replaced). On 11 February 1963, the group recorded their first album Please Please
Me in one day with Lennon suffering from a common cold.[57] Originally the Lennon-
McCartney songs on the first pressing of the album, as well as the single "From Me to
You" and its B-side "Thank You Girl", were credited to "McCartney-Lennon", but this
was later changed to "Lennon-McCartney".[58] Lennon and McCartney usually needed an
hour or two to finish a song, most of which were written in hotel rooms after a concert, at
Wimpole Street — Jane Asher's home — or at Cavendish Avenue; McCartney's home[59]
or at Kenwood (Lennon's house).[60] The album and single hit #1 in Britain, and EMI
offered the album to their U.S. subsidiary, Capitol Records, but they turned it down.[61]
Epstein finally secured a deal with Vee-Jay Records; a predominantly black R&B and
gospel label.[62] Neither the single or the accompanying album, Introducing The Beatles
were successful in the US. By the time the group recorded "She Loves You", they were
dropped from Vee Jay and once again, Capitol declined to release their records. EMI were
forced to release it on the even more obscure Swan Records label.[63] It did eventually hit
#1 in January 1964, after Capitol Records finally released "I Want To Hold Your Hand" in
America. Following their historic appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show, The Beatles
would embark on a two-year non-stop period of productivity: constant international tours,
making movies, and writing hit songs. Lennon wrote two books, In His Own Write and A
Spaniard in the Works,[64] while The Beatles achieved recognition from the British
Establishment when they were appointed Members of the Order of the British Empire in
the 1965 Queen's Birthday Honours.[65]

In My Life (1965)

A Day in the Life (1967)

Problems listening to these files? See media help.

John Lennon in 1964

Lennon complained that nobody heard them play for all the screaming, and their
musicianship was beginning to suffer.[66] By the time he wrote his 1965 song "Help!",
Lennon had put on quite a bit of weight and said he was subconsciously crying out for
help and seeking change.[67]

The catalyst for this change occurred on 4 March 1966, when Lennon was interviewed
for the London Evening Standard by Maureen Cleave, and talked about Christianity by
saying: "Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I do not know what will go first,
rock 'n' roll or Christianity...We're more popular than Jesus now."[68] Five months later, an
American teen magazine called Datebook reprinted part of the quote on its front cover.[69]

The American Bible Belt protested in the South and Midwest, and conservative groups
staged public burnings of Beatles' records and memorabilia.[70] Radio stations banned
Beatles music and concert venues cancelled performances. Even The Vatican got
involved with a public denouncement of Lennon's comments. On 11 August 1966, the
Beatles held a press conference in Chicago, Illinois, in order to address the growing
furore.

Lennon: "I suppose if I had said television was more popular than Jesus, I
“ would have gotten away with it, but I just happened to be talking to a friend ”
and I used the words "Beatles" as a remote thing, not as what I think - as
Beatles, as those other Beatles like other people see us. I just said "they" are
having more influence on kids and things than anything else, including Jesus.
But I said it in that way which is the wrong way."

Reporter: "Some teenagers have repeated your statements - "I like the Beatles
more than Jesus Christ." What do you think about that?"

Lennon: "Well, originally I pointed out that fact in reference to England. That
we meant more to kids than Jesus did, or religion at that time. I wasn't
knocking it or putting it down. I was just saying it as a fact and it's true more
for England than here. I'm not saying that we're better or greater, or
 comparing us with Jesus Christ as a person or God as a thing or whatever it
is. I just said what I said and it was wrong. Or it was taken wrong. And now
it's all this."

Reporter: "But are you prepared to apologise?"

Lennon: "I wasn't saying whatever they're saying I was saying. I'm sorry I
said it really. I never meant it to be a lousy anti-religious thing. I apologise if
that will make you happy. I still don't know quite what I've done. I've tried to
tell you what I did do but if you want me to apologise, if that will make you
happy, then OK, I'm sorry."[71]

The governing members of the Vatican accepted his apology and the furor eventually
died down, but the Beatles soon decided to stop touring, and never performed a scheduled
concert again.

Lennon later wrote, "I always remember to thank Jesus for the end of my touring days; if
I hadn't said that The Beatles were 'bigger than Jesus' and upset the very Christian Ku
Klux Klan, well, Lord, I might still be up there with all the other performing fleas! God
bless America. Thank you, Jesus."[68]

In a 2008 article marking the 40th anniversary of the Beatles' "White Album" release, the
Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, issued the statement: "The remark by John
Lennon, which triggered deep indignation, mainly in the United States, after many years
sounds only like a 'boast' by a young working-class Englishman faced with unexpected
success, after growing up in the legend of Elvis and rock and roll. The fact remains that
38 years after breaking up, the songs of the Lennon-McCartney brand have shown an
extraordinary resistance to the passage of time, becoming a source of inspiration for more
than one generation of pop musicians."[72]

Lennon left The Beatles in September 1969 but agreed not to make an announcement
while the band renegotiated their recording contract. He became irate when McCartney
issued a self question-and-answer interview in April 1970, declaring that he was no
longer a member of The Beatles.[73] Lennon's reaction when told was, "Jesus Christ! He
[McCartney] gets all the credit for it!" Lennon later told Rolling Stone: "I was a fool not
to do what Paul did, which was use it to sell a record," (McCartney's first solo album) and
later wrote, "I started the band. I finished it."[74]

In 1970, Jann Wenner conducted an interview with Lennon for Rolling Stone (known as
"Lennon Remembers") that revealed his bitterness towards McCartney and the hostility
he felt that the other members had for Ono. Lennon said: "One of the main reasons The
Beatles ended is because we got fed up with being sidemen for Paul. After Brian Epstein
died we collapsed. Paul took over and supposedly led us. But what is leading us when we
went round in circles?"[75]
[edit] Solo career
At the end of 1968, Lennon performed as part of the group Dirty Mac, in The Rolling
Stones' film Rock and Roll Circus. The supergroup, made up of Lennon, Eric Clapton,
Keith Richards and Mitch Mitchell, also backed Ono's performance.[76] Lennon and Ono
were married on 20 March 1969, and he soon released a series of 14 lithographs called
"Bag One" depicting scenes from their honeymoon,[77] eight of which were deemed
indecent and most were banned and confiscated.[78]

Lennon and Ono recorded three albums of experimental music together: Unfinished
Music No.1: Two Virgins,[79] an album known more for its cover than the musical content,
Unfinished Music No.2: Life with the Lions, and Wedding Album. His first "solo" album
was Live Peace in Toronto 1969—recorded prior to the breakup of The Beatles—
recorded at a Rock 'n' Roll Festival in Toronto with The Plastic Ono Band. He also
recorded three solo singles: the anti-war anthem, "Give Peace a Chance", "Cold Turkey",
and "Instant Karma!". Following The Beatles' split in 1970, Lennon released John
Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, a raw emotional album that dealt with Lennon's pain in losing
his mother and split with The Beatles. It included "Working Class Hero", which was
banned by BBC Radio for its inclusion of the word "fucking".[80]

His album Imagine followed in 1971, and the title song would later become an anthem
for anti-war movements. It also included the track "How Do You Sleep?" -- a musical
attack on McCartney. Although Lennon softened his stance in the mid-70s and claimed he
wrote the song about himself,[81][82] he revealed in 1980, "I used my resentment against
Paul... to create a song... not a terrible vicious horrible vendetta... I used my resentment
and withdrawing from Paul and the Beatles, and the relationship with Paul, to write 'How
Do You Sleep.' I don't really go 'round with those thoughts in my head all the time."[34]

On 31 August 1971, Lennon left England for New York, and released the "Happy Xmas
(War Is Over)" single in December 1971.[83] To advertise the single, Lennon and Ono paid
for billboards in 9 major cities (and 7 different languages) which declared: "WAR IS
OVER!... if you want it."[84] Some Time in New York City was then released in 1972.
Recorded with Elephant's Memory, it contained songs about women's rights, race
relations, Britain's role in Northern Ireland, and Lennon's problems obtaining a United
States Green Card.[85] Lennon had been interested in left-wing politics since the late
1960s, and reportedly donated money to the Trotskyist Workers Revolutionary Party.[86]

In 1972, Lennon released "Woman Is the Nigger of the World". Many radio stations
refused to broadcast the song, although Lennon was allowed to perform it on The Dick
Cavett Show.[87] On 30 August 1972 Lennon and Elephant's Memory gave two benefit
concerts at Madison Square Garden in New York to benefit the patients at the
Willowbrook State School mental facility on Staten Island.[88] These were to be Lennon's
last full-length concert appearances.[89]

In November 1973, Lennon released Mind Games, which was credited to "the Plastic
U.F.Ono Band". He also wrote "I'm the Greatest" for Starr's album Ringo (his own demo
version of the song appears on the John Lennon Anthology) and produced "Too Many
Cooks (Spoil The Soup)" for Mick Jagger. In September 1974, Lennon released Walls
and Bridges and the single "Whatever Gets You Thru the Night" (a #1 duet with Elton
John). A second single from the album, "#9 Dream", was released in December. He wrote
"Goodnight Vienna" for Starr, and played piano on the recording.[90] On 28 November,
Lennon made a surprise guest appearance at Elton John's Thanksgiving concert at
Madison Square Garden after he lost a bet with John that "Whatever Gets You" would
reach #1.[91] Lennon performed "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Whatever Gets You
Thru the Night" and "I Saw Her Standing There".

In January 1975, Lennon co-wrote and recorded "Fame" with David Bowie and Carlos
Alomar which became Bowie's first U.S. #1 hit.[92] Lennon released Rock 'n' Roll, an
album of cover songs, in February 1975 – with Phil Spector as co-producer.

Lennon made his last stage appearance on ATV's 18 April 1975 special called A Salute to
Lew Grade performing "Imagine", "Stand By Me" (cut from the televised edition), and
"Slippin' and Slidin'" from his Rock 'n' Roll LP.[93] Lennon's backup band was BOMF
(known as "Etc." that evening).[94] The band members wore two-faced masks which were
digs at Grade, with whom Lennon and McCartney had been in conflict because of
Grade's control of The Beatles' publishing company. Dick James, The Beatles' publisher,
had sold his majority share in Maclen Music (Lennon's and McCartney's publishing
company) to Grade in 1969. During "Imagine", Lennon interjected the line "and no
immigration too", a reference to his battle to remain in the United States.[85] In October
1975, Lennon fulfilled his contractual obligation to EMI/Capitol for one more album by
releasing Shaved Fish, a greatest hits compilation. Lennon wrote and recorded "Cookin'
(In The Kitchen of Love)" with Ringo Starr in June 1976, his last recording session until
his 1980 comeback.[95]

In 1977, Lennon announced he would be taking three years off to raise his and Ono's son,
Sean. He emerged from retirement in November 1980, releasing Double Fantasy, which
also featured Ono. That previous June, Lennon traveled to Bermuda on a 43-foot sloop,
where he wrote songs for the album.[96] The name of the album refers to a species of
freesia flower that Lennon had seen in the Bermuda Botanical Gardens and saw it as a
perfect description of his marriage to Ono.[97] Lennon had written and recorded enough
material for another album and was already planning his follow-up, Milk and Honey,
which was released posthumously in 1984.[98]

[edit] Marriages and relationships

In one of his last major interviews Lennon said that he had never questioned his
chauvinistic attitudes towards women until he met Ono. Lennon was always distant with
his first son, Julian, but was close to his second son, Sean, calling him "My pride". Near
the end of his life, Lennon said that he accepted the role of househusband, after taking on
the role of a wife and mother in his relationship with Ono.[34] Lennon was always asked
about his fellow Beatles and his answer would change with every interview.
[edit] Cynthia Lennon

Further information: Cynthia Lennon

Lennon and Cynthia Powell in 1959.

Cynthia Powell met Lennon at the Liverpool Art College in 1957.[27] Although Lennon
was not her type, she was attracted to him. After hearing Lennon comment favourably
about another girl who looked like Brigitte Bardot, Powell changed the colour of her hair
to blonde.[99] Their relationship started after a college party before the summer holidays
when Lennon asked Powell to go a public house with him and some friends.[100] Powell
told him she was engaged (to a young man called Barry, in Hoylake) so Lennon stormed
off, shouting, "I didn't ask you to fucking marry me, did I!?"[101] Lennon was often
jealous, and once slapped Powell across the face (knocking her head against the wall) the
day after he saw her dancing with Sutcliffe.[102] In mid-1962, Powell discovered she was
pregnant with Lennon's child.[103] They were married on 23 August at the Mount Pleasant
Register Office in Liverpool. Manager Epstein thought a married Beatle might alienate
some fans and insisted the Lennons keep their union a secret. John Charles Julian Lennon
was born in Sefton General Hospital on 8 April 1963.[104]

Lennon was on tour and would not see his new-born for three days. He then went on
holiday to Spain with Epstein, which would lead to speculation of an affair between the
two (Epstein was widely known to be homosexual). Shortly afterwards, at Paul
McCartney's twenty-first birthday party, a drunken Lennon physically attacked Cavern
Club MC Bob Wooler for saying "How was your honeymoon, John?" (Wooler was
referring to Lennon's marriage, and not Lennon's holiday in Spain with Epstein).[105] In
1991, a fictionalized account of the Lennon/Epstein holiday was made into an
independent movie called The Hours And Times.[106] Lennon was distant to Julian, who
felt closer to McCartney than to his father. Julian later said, "I've never really wanted to
know the truth about how dad was with me. There was some very negative stuff talked
about me ... like when he said I'd come out of a whiskey bottle on a Saturday night.[34]
Stuff like that. You think, where's the love in that? Paul and I used to hang about quite a
bit ... more than dad and I did. We had a great friendship going and there seems to be far
more pictures of me and Paul playing together at that age than there are pictures of me
and my dad."[107]

Cynthia Lennon had become aware of Lennon's infidelities, but cites his increasing drug
use for their growing apart. She was also aware of Lennon's friendship with Ono.
Eventually, according to Powell, she suggested to Lennon that perhaps Ono was the
woman for him.[108] When Lennon and The Beatles went to Bangor to meditate, Powell
and Lennon were separated on the train platform. A policeman, who did not recognize
her, kept her from boarding the train. As she watched Lennon's train pull out of the
station, she broke into tears. In the documentary Imagine she explained, "Normally I
wouldn't have broken down, I'd have kept my cool... I knew I'd get there anyway. But at
that point I felt so sad. This was symbolic of our life... I'm getting off at this station."[109]
Lennon later tried to sue Powell for divorce, claiming she had committed adultery and
not him.[110] When it was discovered that Ono had become pregnant, Powell petitioned
Lennon for divorce. During negotiations Lennon refused to give his wife any more than
£75,000, supposedly saying, "What have you done to deserve it? Christ, it's like winning
the bloody pools." The case was settled out of court, with Powell receiving £100,000,
£2,400 annually, custody of Julian and the Lennons' house (Kenwood).[111]

[edit] Yoko Ono

Further information: Yoko Ono

John Lennon and Yoko Ono (1969).

There are two versions of how Lennon and Ono met: The first version says that on 9
November 1966, Lennon went to the Indica gallery in London, where Ono was preparing
her conceptual art exhibit, and they were introduced by gallery owner John Dunbar.[112][113]
Lennon was intrigued by Ono's "Hammer A Nail" Piece: patrons hammered a nail into a
wooden board, creating the art piece. Lennon wanted to hammer a nail in the clean board,
but Ono stopped him because the exhibit had not opened. Dunbar then said to Ono,
"Don't you know who this is?" Ono had not heard of The Beatles but relented, on the
condition that Lennon pay her five shillings. Lennon then said, "I'll give you an
imaginary five shillings and hammer an imaginary nail."[34] The second version is that in
late 1965, Ono was in London compiling original musical scores for a book that John
Cage was working on.[114] She knocked on McCartney's door, but he declined to give her
any manuscripts as he kept all his originals, but suggested that Lennon might oblige.
When asked, Lennon gave the original handwritten lyrics to "The Word" from Rubber
Soul to Ono. They were reproduced in Cage's book, Notations.[115]

Lennon began his physical relationship with Ono—seven years his senior—in May 1968,
after Lennon returned from India, where he had received numerous postcards from Ono,
who was in London.[84] As Cynthia Lennon was in Greece on holiday, Lennon invited
Ono to his home, where they spent the night recording what would become the Two
Virgins album, and later said they made love at dawn.[116][117] When Cynthia returned home
she found Lennon and Ono, who was wearing Cynthia's bathrobe, drinking tea together.
Lennon simply said, "Oh, Hi".[118] Cynthia filed for divorce later that year, on the grounds
of Lennon's adultery, which was proven by Ono's pregnancy. Ono later miscarried John
Ono Lennon II on 21 November 1968.[119]

During Lennon's last two years in The Beatles, he and Ono began public protests against
the Vietnam War. Lennon sent back his MBE insignia in 1969, which Queen Elizabeth
had bestowed upon him in 1965.[120] He wrote: "Your Majesty, I am returning this in
protest against Britain's involvement in the Nigeria-Biafra thing, against our support of
America in Vietnam, and against "Cold Turkey" slipping down the charts. With love.
John Lennon of Bag."[121][122] The couple were married in Gibraltar on 20 March 1969, and
spent their honeymoon in Amsterdam campaigning for an international "Bed-In" for
peace. They planned another "Bed-in" in the United States, but were denied entry. The
couple then went to neighbouring Montréal, and during a "Bed-in" at the Queen Elizabeth
Hotel recorded "Give Peace a Chance".[123] Lennon and Ono often combined advocacy
with performance art, as in their "Bagism", which was first introduced during a Vienna
press conference. Lennon detailed this period in The Beatles' song "The Ballad of John
and Yoko".[124] In April 1969, on the roof of Apple Records, Lennon changed his name to
John Ono Lennon.[125] After Ono was injured in a car accident, Lennon arranged for a
king-sized bed to be brought to the recording studio as he worked on The Beatles' last
album, Abbey Road.[126] To escape the acrimony of The Beatles' breakup, Ono suggested
they move permanently to New York, which they did on 31 August 1971. They first lived
in the St. Regis Hotel on 5th Avenue, East 55th Street, and then moved a loft at 105 Bank
Street, Greenwich Village, New York City, on 16 October 1971. After a robbery, they
relocated to the more secure Dakota at 1 West 72nd Street, in February 1973.[127]

[edit] May Pang/The "Lost Weekend"

May Pang.
Further information: May Pang

In June 1973, as Lennon was about to record Mind Games, Ono decided that she and
Lennon should separate. Ono suggested that he take their personal assistant, May Pang,
as a companion.[128] Lennon soon moved to California with Pang, and embarked on an
eighteen-month period he would later call his "Lost Weekend."[107] While Lennon and
Pang were living in L.A., Lennon's drunken behavior was widely reported by the media.
Lennon also took the opportunity to mend fences with the other Beatles and get
reacquainted with his son, Julian, whom he had not seen in four years.[129]

In May 1974, Lennon and Pang returned to New York where he began work on Walls and
Bridges. On the evening of 23 August 1974, both Lennon and Pang claimed to have seen
a U.F.O. in the sky from their balcony. Lennon mentioned the sighting in the booklet
accompanying the Walls and Bridges album.[130] When Lennon lost a bet to Elton John
and joined on stage at Madison Square Garden in November 1974, Ono was in the
audience.[131] Although Lennon would later claim he had no idea she was there, it was he
who arranged for her seats.[131]

[edit] Julian Lennon

Lennon's relationship with his first son was always strained. After Lennon and Ono
moved to New York, Julian would not see his father again until 1973.[132] With Pang's
encouragement, it was arranged for Julian (and Powell) to visit Lennon in Los Angeles,
where they went to Disneyland.[133] Julian started to see his father more regularly, and
played drums on "Ya Ya" from Lennon's 1974 album Walls and Bridges.[134][135] Lennon
also bought Julian a Gibson Les Paul guitar, and a drum machine for Christmas in 1973,
and encouraged Julian's interest in music by showing him some chords.[136][137] In his 1980
Playboy interview, Lennon was quoted as saying: "Sean was a planned child, and therein
lies the difference. I don't love Julian any less as a child. He's still my son, whether he
came from a bottle of whiskey or because they didn't have pills in those days. He's here,
he belongs to me, and he always will."[34] In an interview shortly before his death, Lennon
said he was trying to re-establish a connection with the then 17-year-old Julian, and
confidently predicted that "Julian and I will have a relationship in the future." Both Julian
and Sean Lennon went on to have recording careers years after their father's death.[138]
After Lennon's death, it was revealed that Julian was not mentioned in Lennon's will.[139]
It was said that Ono gave Julian £20 million, which Julian refuted by saying that it was
minimal compared to the figure reported.[107]

[edit] Sean Lennon

On 31 January 1975, the Lennons reunited and, on 9 October 1975 – Lennon's 35th
birthday – Ono gave birth to a son, Sean Taro Ono Lennon. Lennon did not release any
new records until 1980. He cited many reasons for his hiatus from music: he had been
under contract since he was 22 years old and he was now free from obligation; rock and
roll was not as interesting as it once was; and, because of his limited relationship with his
first son, he decided to devote all his time to Sean.[34]

[edit] The former Beatles

Although his friendship with Ringo Starr would remain consistently warm, Lennon's
public feelings towards his other fellow Beatles would often vary. He was close to
George Harrison after the initial break-up, but the two had drifted apart after Lennon
moved to America. In December 1974, Harrison was in New York for his Dark Horse
tour, and Lennon agreed to join him on stage. However, an argument ensued over
Lennon's refusal to sign the agreement that would legally dissolve The Beatles
partnership (meant to be at New York's Plaza Hotel on 19 December) and Lennon never
appeared. (Lennon would eventually sign the papers in Walt Disney World in Florida,
while on holiday there with Pang and Julian.[129]) In 1980, after Harrison released an
autobiography called "I Me Mine", Lennon was angered that he was not properly
acknowledged and issued some stinging remarks voicing his displeasure.[34]

Lennon's most intense feelings were reserved for McCartney. In addition to "How Do
You Sleep?", Lennon would argue with McCartney through the press for three years after
the group split. In 1974, the two would become close again, and even played together for
the one and only time since the Beatles split (see A Toot and a Snore in '74). In later
years, the two grew apart again. Lennon said that the last time McCartney had visited
they watched the episode of Saturday Night Live in which Lorne Michaels made a $3,000
cash offer to get The Beatles to reunite on the show.[140] They had considered going to the
studio to appear as a joke, but were too tired.[34] This event was fictionalized in the 2000
television film, Two of Us.[141]

Lennon always felt a musical competitiveness with McCartney and kept an ear on his
music. During his "retirement", Lennon was content to sit back as long as McCartney was
producing "garbage".[142] In 1980, McCartney released "Coming Up", and Lennon took
notice. "I can't get that song out of my head," he would jokingly complain, and felt
compelled to record again.[142][34]

In 1980, Lennon was asked whether the group were dreaded enemies or the best of
friends. He replied that they were neither, and he had not seen any of them for a long
time. But he added warmly, "I still love those guys. The Beatles are over, but John, Paul,
George and Ringo go on."[34]

[edit] Political activism

Recording "Give Peace a Chance".

Lennon and Ono used their honeymoon at the Amsterdam Hilton, in March 1969, as a
"Bed-in for Peace" that attracted worldwide media coverage.[107] At the second "Bed-in"
in Montreal, in June 1969, they recorded "Give Peace a Chance" in their hotel room at
The Queen Elizabeth. The song was sung by a quarter million demonstrators in
Washington, D.C. at the second Vietnam Moratorium Day, on 15 October 1969.[143] When
Lennon and Ono moved to New York City in August 1971, they befriended peace
activists Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman. Lennon performed at the "Free John Sinclair"
concert in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on 10 December 1971.[144] Sinclair was an antiwar
activist and poet who was serving ten years in state prison for selling two joints of
marijuana to an undercover policeman.[145] Lennon and Ono appeared on stage with David
Peel, Phil Ochs, Stevie Wonder and other musicians, plus antiwar radical and Yippie
member, Jerry Rubin, and Bobby Seale of the Black Panthers.[146] Lennon performed the
song, "John Sinclair", which he had just written, calling on the authorities to "Let him be,
set him free, let him be like you and me". Some 20,000 people attended the rally, and
three days after the concert the State of Michigan released Sinclair from prison.[147] This
performance was released on the two-CD John Lennon Anthology (1998) and the album
Acoustic (2004). Lennon later performed the song on the David Frost Show accompanied
by Ono and Jerry Rubin.[144]

In 1972, the Nixon Administration tried to have Lennon deported from the U.S., as
Richard Nixon believed that Lennon's proactive antiwar activities and support for George
McGovern could cost him re-election.[148] Republican Senator Strom Thurmond
suggested, in a February 1972 memo, that "deportation would be a strategic counter-
measure" against Lennon.[149] The next month the Immigration and Naturalization Service
began deportation proceedings against Lennon, arguing that his 1968 misdemeanor
conviction for cannabis possession in London had made him ineligible for admission to
the U.S. Lennon spent the next four years in deportation hearings.[85] While his
deportation battle continued, Lennon appeared at rallies in New York City and on TV
shows, including a week hosting the Mike Douglas Show in February 1972, where Jerry
Rubin and Bobby Seale appeared as his guests.[150]
On 23 March 1973, Lennon was ordered to leave the U.S. within 60 days, while Ono was
granted permanent residence.[151] In response, Lennon and Ono held a press conference at
the New York chapter of the American Bar Association on 1 April 1973 to announce the
formation of the conceptual state of "Nutopia"; a place with "no land, no boundaries, no
passports, only people", and all of its inhabitants would be ambassadors.[152] The Lennons
asked for political asylum in the U.S. while waving the white flag of Nutopia; two white
handkerchiefs. The entire press conference can be seen in the 2006 documentary released
by Lions Gate, The U.S. vs. John Lennon.[153] In June 1973, Lennon and Ono made their
last political statement by attending the Watergate hearings in Washington, D.C.[154]

Lennon's order of deportation was overturned in 1975. After Lennon’s death, historian
Jon Wiener filed a Freedom of Information request for FBI files on Lennon.[155] The FBI
admitted it had 281 pages in its files on Lennon but refused to release most of them,
claiming they were national security documents. In 1983, Wiener sued the FBI with the
help of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. The case went to the
Supreme Court before the FBI settled out of court in 1997; releasing all but 10 of the
contested documents.[156] The story is told in the documentary The U.S. vs. John Lennon,
by David Leaf and John Scheinfeld, released in theaters in September 2006, and on DVD
in February 2007. The final 10 documents in Lennon's FBI file were released in
December 2006.[157]

In 1976, Lennon's U.S. immigration status was finally resolved favourably, and he
received his green card. Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, showed little interest in
continuing the battle. When Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as president on 19 January
1977, Lennon and Ono attended the Inaugural Ball.[158][159]

[edit] Drugs, meditation and primal therapy

Lennon was first given drugs in Hamburg, Germany, as The Beatles had to play long sets
and were often given Preludin by customers or by Astrid Kirchherr, whose mother bought
them for her.[160] McCartney would usually take one, but Lennon would often take four or
five, and later took amphetamines called "Black Bombers" and "Purple Hearts".[160][161]
The Beatles first smoked marijuana with Bob Dylan in New York in 1964; Dylan
mistakenly interpreted the lyric "I can't hide" from "I Want to Hold Your Hand" as "I get
high" and presumed that The Beatles were already familiar with the drug.[162][163] Lennon
later said The Beatles "smoked marijuana for breakfast", and that other people had
trouble talking to them, because they were sniggering all the time.[34]

In a 1995 interview, Cynthia said there were problems throughout their marriage because
of the pressures of The Beatles' fame and rigorous touring, and because of Lennon's
increasing use of drugs.[164] During his first marriage Lennon tried LSD, and read The
Psychedelic Experience by Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert, and Ralph Metzner, which
was based on, and quoted from, the Tibetan Book of the Dead.[165][166] He later used heroin,
and wrote about the withdrawal symptoms he experienced in "Cold Turkey".[167] On 24
August 1967, The Beatles met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton, and later
went to Bangor, in North Wales, to attend a weekend of personal instruction.[168] The time
Lennon later spent in India at the Maharishi's ashram was productive, as most of the
songs recorded for The White Album, and Abbey Road were composed there by Lennon
and McCartney.[169] Although later turning against the Maharishi, Lennon still advocated
meditation when interviewed.[170] In 1968, Cynthia Lennon went on vacation to Greece,
leaving Lennon at Kenwood with Pete Shotton; his school friend and so-called assistant.

In 1970, Lennon and Ono went through primal therapy with Dr. Arthur Janov in Los
Angeles, California. The therapy consisted of releasing emotional pain from early
childhood. Lennon and Ono ended the sessions before completing a full course of
therapy, as Ono constantly argued with Janov.[34][171] The song "Mother" is based on
Lennon's experience and understanding of Primal Therapy.[172]

[edit] Humour
Each of The Beatles was known, especially during Beatlemania, for their sense of
humour. During live performances of "I Want to Hold Your Hand", Lennon often changed
the words to "I want to hold your gland", because of the difficulty hearing the vocals
above the noise of screaming audiences. At the Royal Variety Show in 1963 — in the
presence of members of the British royalty — Lennon told the audience, "For our next
song, I'd like to ask for your help. For the people in the cheaper seats, clap your hands...
and the rest of you, if you'll just rattle your jewellery."[173] Lennon put on weight during
1965, and later said, "It was my fat-Elvis period."[174]

During the "Get Back" sessions, Lennon introduced "Dig a Pony" by shouting, "I dig a
pygmy by Charles Hawtrey and the Deaf Aids; phase one in which Doris gets her oats!"
The phrase was later edited to precede "Two of Us" on Let It Be. Lennon often counter-
pointed McCartney's upbeat lyrics, as in "Getting Better":

McCartney: "I've got to admit it's getting better, a little better, all the time."
Lennon: "Can't get no worse."[175]

Lennon appeared in various television comedy shows, such as the Morecambe and Wise
show with the rest of The Beatles, and played a doorman in a gents' toilet in Not Only But
Also.[176][177] Lennon's humour could also be cruel, such as when Brian Epstein asked
Lennon for a title for Epstein's autobiography, and Lennon answered: "How about Queer
Jew ?"[178] When Lennon heard that the title of the book would be A Cellarful of Noise, he
said to a friend: "More like A Cellarful of Boys."[178]

[edit] Writing and art

This image is a candidate for speedy deletion. It may be deleted after Sunday, 29 March 2009.

Lennon started writing and drawing early in life, with encouragement from his Uncle
George, and created his own comic strip in his school book, which he called "The Daily
Howl". It contained drawings—frequently of crippled people—and satirical writings,
often with a play on words. Lennon wrote a weather report saying, "Tomorrow will be
Muggy, followed by Tuggy, Wuggy and Thuggy."[179][180] He often drew caricatures of his
school teachers, and when he was in Hamburg he sent love poems and drawings to
Cynthia (his future wife) once writing, "Our first Christmas, I love you, yes, yes, yes."[181]

When Liverpool's Mersey Beat magazine was founded, Lennon was asked to contribute.
His first piece was about the origins of The Beatles: "A man appeared on a flaming pie,
and said you are Beatles with an 'A'."[182] The first two books by Lennon are examples of
literary nonsense: In His Own Write (1964) and A Spaniard in the Works (1965). Ono
later allowed the works of Lennon to be published after his death: Skywriting by Word of
Mouth (1986) and Ai: Japan Through John Lennon's Eyes: A Personal Sketchbook
(1992), which contained Lennon's drawings illustrating the definitions of Japanese words.
Real Love: The Drawings for Sean followed in 1999. The Beatles Anthology included
writing and drawings by Lennon.[183] Lennon's love of nonsense language was influenced
by his appreciation for Stanley Unwin.[184]

[edit] Pseudonyms
Throughout his solo career, Lennon appeared on his own albums (as well as those of
other artists, like Elton John) under such pseudonyms as Dr Winston O'Boogie, Mel
Torment (a play on singer Mel Tormé), and The Reverend Fred Gherkin. He and Ono (as
Ada Gherkin "ate a gherkin", and other sobriquets) also travelled under such names, thus
avoiding unwanted public attention.[185]

Lennon also named his session musicians under various different band names during his
career, including:

• The Plastic Ono Band (for the Plastic Ono Band album)
• The Plastic Ono Band with the Flux Fiddlers (Imagine)
 • The Plastic U.F.Ono Band (Mind Games)
• The Plastic Ono Nuclear Band/Little Big Horns and the Philharmanic
Orchestrange (Walls and Bridges)

[edit] Death
Main article: Death of John Lennon

The entrance to the Dakota building where Lennon was shot.

On the night of 8 December 1980, at around 10:49 p.m., Mark David Chapman shot
Lennon in the back four times in the entrance of the Dakota. Earlier that evening, Lennon
had autographed a copy of Double Fantasy for Chapman[186] who had been stalking
Lennon since October.

Lennon was taken to the Emergency Room of nearby Roosevelt Hospital but was
pronounced dead on arrival at 11:07 p.m. On the following day, Ono issued a statement:
"There is no funeral for John. John loved and prayed for the human race. Please pray the
same for him. Love, Yoko and Sean."[187] Chapman pleaded guilty to second degree
murder and was sentenced to 20 years to life where he remains, having been denied all
requests for parole.[188][189]

Lennon's body was cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York; his ashes
were then kept by Yoko.[190][191]

Hours before his murder, Lennon told RKO Radio that he felt he could go out anywhere
in New York City and feel safe. While still a Beatle, Lennon was asked how he might die.
Lennon replied: “I'll probably be popped off by some loony.“[192]