Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Compiled by Fathima
Ratios and Proportion Example: Ratio Method
A piece of string , 26 cm long, is cut in the ratio 4 : 9. What is the
A proportion is an equation with a ratio on each side. It is a length of the longer piece?
statement that two ratios are equivalent. It is expressed as
shorter piece □□□□
a
= or a : b = c : d. 26 cm
b
In direct proportion , when one quantity increases, the other longer piece □□□□□□□□□
quantity increases in the same ratio. Likewise, when one quantity
4 + 9 = 13 parts → 26 cm
decreases, the other quantity decreases in the same ratio.
Examples Equivalent ratio method 9 parts → ( 26 I 13 ) x 9 = 18 cm
Find the answer 18 : 27 = ____ : 3 = 8 : 12
The ratio of the length of A to the length of B is 4 : 9. If the Therefore, the length of the longer piece is 18 cm.
length of A is 8 cm , find the length of B. In indirect proportion, when one quantity increases , the other
A:B quantity decreases in the same ratio and vice versa.
4:9 Example : A worker takes 4 hours to paint one room. How long will
4 workers take to paint the same room? How long will 4 workers
x 2 ↙ ↘ x 2
take to paint 5 such rooms ?
8 : __
1 worker : 1 room : 4 hours
Therefore, the length of B is ______.
åx4 I 4æ
Compiled by Fathima
Rate Method 2 è We can find the quantity for one unit before finding
for the given units.
Rate is used to expresse how long it takes to do something,
30 min è 4 km
such as traveling a certain distance.
One unit Ú 1 min è 30 ¸ 4 = 7.5 km
To walk 3 kilometers in one hour is to walk at the rate of 3 km/h.
The fraction expressing Rate has units of distance as the 45 min Ú ( 45 ¸ 7.5 )km = 6 km
Compiled by Fathima
Important: Average Rate of Speed
One of the most useful tips in solving any math problem is to
always write out the units when multiplying, dividing, or The average rate of speed for a trip is the total distance traveled
converting from one unit to another. divided by the total time taken for the trip.
Remember this triangle when calculating speed, distance or time.
Example: Formulas :
If Juan runs 4 km in 30 minutes, how many hours will it take him Distance = Speed x Time
to run 1 km? Distance
Be careful not to confuse the units of measurement. While Juan's Speed = Distance ÷ Time or
Time
rate of speed is given in terms of minutes, the question is posed in
Distance
terms of hours. Only one of these units may be used in setting up Time = Distance ÷ Speed or
Speed
a proportion. Convert 30 minutes to hours.
4 km Ú 30 min = ½ hr
Ô ÷ 4 ÷4 Ô
1
1 km Ú hr
8
1
The answer is hr.
8
Compiled by Fathima
On a vacation, Linda's family traveled 495 miles at 55 mph. How Example:
long did the trip take? A dog walks 8 km at 4 km per hour, then chases a rabbit for 2 km
at 20 km per hour. What is the dog's average rate of speed for the
distance he traveled?
4 km Ò 1 hours 20 km Ò 1 hour
Ôx2 Ôx2 ¯ ¸ 10 ¯ ¸ 10
8 km Ò 2 hours 2 km Ò 0.1 hours
Total Distance travelled 8 km + 2 km = 10 km
Total time taken 2 h + 0.1 h = 2.1 hours
Average Speed 10 km ¸ 2.1 h » 4.761 km/h
Compiled by Fathima