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Excerpts from: Performance, Duration and Acoustic test

reports for the Skystream 3.7 wind generator

Report One:
Power performance measurement on the Skystream 3.7 according
to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA
Report Two:
Duration Test on the Skystream 3.7 wind turbine
Report Three:
Acoustic noise measurements on the Skystream 3.7 according to BWEA-SWT

Southwest Windpower, Inc.


1801 W. Route 66
Flagstaff, Arizona 86001
Phone: 928-779-9463
Fax: 928-779-1485
Mobil: 928-380-3527
Web: www.skystreamenergy.com

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH


Report WT 7650/09 -replaces WT7361/09-

Power performance measurement of the


Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog,
Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog, 2009-11-02

Seite 1 von 55

Power performance measurement


of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog,
Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and
BWEA
Report no.:

WT 7650/09 -replaces WT7361/09-

Kind of report:

Site Calibration Report

Site or location:

TASWT, Kaiser Wilhelm-Koog, Germany

Client:

Southwest Windpower
Mrs. Ketter F. Ulrich
1801 W Route 66
Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA

Contractor:

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH


Sommerdeich 14 b
25709 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog
Germany

Order no.:

4270 08 04397 252

Order date:

2008-07-17

Report author:

Dipl.-Ing. Axel Sachse


test engineer Department Loads and Performance

Report verifier:

Dipl.-Ing. Martin Arndt


Deputy Head of Department Loads and Performance

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog 2009-11-02

________________________________
Dipl.-Ing. Axel Sachse

________________________________
Dipl.-Ing. Martin Arndt

This report in excerpts may only be copied with written consent of WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH.
It totally consists of 55 pages incl. all annexes.

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Table of Contents
1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................3
2 Results .................................................................................................................................................................4
3 Wind turbine ........................................................................................................................................................5
4 Measurement .......................................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Logbook of the measurement .............................................................................................................................6
4.2 Site ...................................................................................................................................................................6
4.3 Measuring program ............................................................................................................................................7
5 Measuring equipment .........................................................................................................................................9
5.1 Data acquisition ..................................................................................................................................................9
5.2 Wind speed ........................................................................................................................................................9
5.3 Wind direction...................................................................................................................................................10
5.4 Electric power...................................................................................................................................................10
5.5 Temperature and atmospheric pressure...........................................................................................................10
6 Data evaluation..................................................................................................................................................10
7 Measurement results.........................................................................................................................................11
7.1 Power curve......................................................................................................................................................11
7.2 Uncertainty analysis .........................................................................................................................................12
7.3 Power coefficient cp ..........................................................................................................................................14
7.4 Annual energy production (AEP) ......................................................................................................................15
8 Deviations ..........................................................................................................................................................15
9 References .........................................................................................................................................................15
10 Enclosures .......................................................................................................................................................16

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 2 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Introduction

The scope of this report is the measurement of the power performance of the Skystream 3.7 wind turbine, which was
carried out by WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH (WINDTEST) at the Test Area for Small Wind Turbines (TSWT)
at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog. The measurement which is documented in this report covers the period from 2008-11-14 to
2009-03-22.
The measurement was performed and evaluated in accordance with the IEC 61400-12-1 Ed.1: Wind turbines Part 121: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines [1], IEC 61400-12 Wind turbine generator
systems, part 12: wind turbine power performance testing, 1998 [2] and with BWEA Small Wind Turbine Performance
and Safety Standard [3].
The results given in this report relate only to the wind turbine mentioned in this report and cannot be transferred to other
sites.
This report was drawn up impartially in accordance with state-of-the-art technology and with best knowledge and
conscience.

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 3 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Results

0,60

3,00
2,80
2,60
2,40
2,20
2,00
1,80
1,60
1,40
1,20
1,00
0,80
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
-0,20

0,50
0,40
0,30
cp

power output [kW]

The valid datasets are normalised to sea level air density, referring to ISO standard atmosphere (1.225 kg/m3). The
average of the measured air density (during periods of valid data collection) is 1.262 kg/m3, which is within the range of
1.225 0.05 kg/m3. Thus - according to [1] - an additional normalisation to this air density (rounded to the nearest 0.05
kg/m3) is not required.
A differentiation regarding database A / B is not applicable, as cut-out behaviour has not been reached during
measurement period according to the measured status signals.

0,20
0,10
0,00
-0,10
0

8
10
12
wind speed [m/s]

14

16

18

20

WS_corr
[m/s]
0,56
1,04
1,52
2,02
2,51
3,00
3,51
4,03
4,46
5,00
5,49
6,00
6,50
6,99
7,49
7,99
8,50
8,99
9,48
9,98
10,47
10,97
11,47
11,93
12,45
12,97
13,50
13,99
14,52
15,02
15,45
15,99
16,50
17,00
17,41
17,95
18,99

P
[kW]
-0,018
-0,018
-0,018
-0,017
-0,012
0,003
0,034
0,084
0,132
0,203
0,285
0,391
0,510
0,643
0,799
0,968
1,146
1,333
1,531
1,745
1,938
2,101
2,242
2,301
2,363
2,403
2,403
2,425
2,388
2,412
2,403
2,393
2,321
2,299
2,274
2,246
2,203

Figure 1: Result according to [1]

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 4 of 55

cp
[]
0,017
0,119
0,195
0,226
0,247
0,261
0,275
0,282
0,285
0,288
0,288
0,284
0,279
0,273
0,267
0,256
0,242
0,226
0,206
0,186
0,167
0,148
0,135
0,118
0,108
0,099
0,089
0,078
0,071
0,065
0,059
0,049

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Enclosure 3 Technical data of the wind turbine (manufacturers certificate)

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 22 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Page 23 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

Enclosure 11

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Power curve (table and plot)

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 48 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Page 49 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

Enclosure 12

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Plot of wind speed vs. wind direction

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 50 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

Enclosure 13

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Plot of turbulence intensity vs. wind speed

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 51 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

Enclosure 14

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Uncertainty calculation

MEASURED POWER CURVE: IEC Test


(database A)
coverage factor (assuming normal distributions): k=1
reference air density: 1,225 kg/m
category A
category B
cut-out windspeed: m/s
bin
hub height
power
cp
no. of
standard
standard
no.
wind
output
values
data sets
uncertainty
uncertainty
speed
[m/s]
[kW]
(1 min. avg.)
[kW]
[kW]
1
0,56
-0,018
-15,405
468
0,000
0,011
2
1,04
-0,018
-2,391
1204
0,000
0,010
3
1,52
-0,018
-0,773
2082
0,000
0,010
4
2,02
-0,017
-0,311
3471
0,000
0,010
5
2,51
-0,012
-0,118
5236
0,000
0,010
6
3,00
0,003
0,017
6353
0,000
0,011
7
3,51
0,034
0,119
6465
0,000
0,013
8
4,03
0,084
0,195
9502
0,000
0,017
9
4,46
0,132
0,226
9778
0,000
0,020
10
5,00
0,203
0,247
6018
0,001
0,023
11
5,49
0,285
0,261
5407
0,001
0,030
12
6,00
0,391
0,275
4924
0,001
0,039
13
6,50
0,510
0,282
4619
0,002
0,046
14
6,99
0,643
0,285
4570
0,002
0,054
15
7,49
0,799
0,288
4194
0,003
0,066
16
7,99
0,968
0,288
3534
0,003
0,075
17
8,50
1,146
0,284
3093
0,003
0,082
18
8,99
1,333
0,279
2543
0,003
0,093
19
9,48
1,531
0,273
1688
0,004
0,102
20
9,98
1,745
0,267
959
0,006
0,113
21
10,47
1,938
0,256
553
0,007
0,110
22
10,97
2,101
0,242
335
0,008
0,096
23
11,47
2,242
0,226
182
0,009
0,088
24
11,93
2,301
0,206
105
0,010
0,051
25
12,45
2,363
0,186
47
0,021
0,050
26
12,97
2,403
0,167
27
0,021
0,043
27
13,50
2,403
0,148
25
0,015
0,035
28
13,99
2,425
0,135
33
0,014
0,039
29
14,52
2,388
0,118
37
0,017
0,043
30
15,02
2,412
0,108
38
0,013
0,039
31
15,45
2,403
0,099
32
0,011
0,036
32
15,99
2,393
0,089
14
0,017
0,036
33
16,50
2,321
0,078
12
0,019
0,066
34
17,00
2,299
0,071
8
0,008
0,038
35
17,41
2,274
0,065
3
0,039
0,042
36
17,95
2,246
0,059
2
0,070
0,040
#NV
#NV
#NV
#NV
#NV
#NV
37
18,99
2,203
0,049
2
0,066
0,062
#NV
#NV
#NV
#NV
#NV
#NV

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

combined
(expanded)
uncertainty
[kW]
0,011
0,010
0,010
0,010
0,010
0,011
0,013
0,017
0,020
0,023
0,030
0,039
0,046
0,054
0,066
0,075
0,082
0,093
0,102
0,114
0,110
0,096
0,089
0,052
0,054
0,048
0,038
0,041
0,046
0,042
0,038
0,039
0,069
0,039
0,058
0,080
#NV
0,091
#NV

Page 52 of 55

Power performance measurement of the Skystream 3.7 at Kaiser-WilhelmKoog, Germany according to IEC 61400-12-1 and BWEA

Enclosure 15

report WT 7650/09
2009-11-02

Annual energy production (AEP)

ESTIMATED ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCTION (AEP)


(database A)
extrapolation of the power curve between the highest
WT:
IEC Test
measured wind speed and the cut-out wind speed
cut-out wind speed:
m/s
with the average power at highest measured wind speed
reference air density:
1,225 kg/m
coverage factor k:
1
hub height
AEP-extrapolated
AEP-measured
Expanded uncertainty of AEPmeasured
annual average
(extrapolated
(measured
wind speed
power curve)
power curve)
(Rayleigh)
[MWh]
[m/s]
[MWh]
[MWh]
[%]
1,736
4,0
1,736
0,208
11,980
3,416
5,0
3,416
0,295
8,626
5,349
6,0
5,349
0,368
6,883
7,207
7,0
7,207
0,418
5,798
8,737
8,0
8,737
0,447
5,116
9,814
9,0
9,814
0,462
4,709
10,439
10,0
10,439
0,469
4,497
10,683
11,0
10,683
0,473
4,427
values marked with *: power curve incomplete acc. to IEC criteria for database

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 53 of 55

WINDTEST
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Duration Test on a Southwest


Windpower Skystream 3.7 wind turbine,
Bushland, Texas, USA

Report WT 6534/08
May 2008

WINDTEST
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH
Duration Test on a
Southwest Windpower
Skystream 3.7 wind turbine,
Bushland, Texas, USA
Report-No.: WT 6534/08

Site or measuring
place:
Customer:

Supplier:

Bushland, Texas, United States of America

Southwest Windpower
Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH
Sommerdeich 14b
25709 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog

Contract date of issue

2008-05-19

prepared:

Dipl.-Ing. A. Sachse
(Test engineer)

Order No.:

4270 08 04298 252


checked:

Dipl.-Ing. O. Bruhn
(Head of Loads Group)

Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog, 22th May 2008

This report may only be copied in excerpts with written consent of WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH.
It comprises of a total of 39 pages, including the enclosures.

Page 2/39

Table of Contents
1

Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3

History of the turbine ...................................................................................................... 3

Test site ............................................................................................................................ 4

Measurements.................................................................................................................. 4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3

Measurement system ...................................................................................................4


Data Results from measurements ..............................................................................5
Power production .........................................................................................................6
Reliable operation.........................................................................................................7
Power production degradation ...................................................................................7

Dynamic behaviour........................................................................................................ 10

Condition of the turbine after the test.......................................................................... 11


6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

Type plates ..................................................................................................................11


Blades
..................................................................................................................11
Generator ..................................................................................................................12
Nacelle with inverter and controller unit ..................................................................13
Tower and foundation ................................................................................................13

Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 13

Deviations....................................................................................................................... 13

Literature ........................................................................................................................ 13

10 Enclosures ..................................................................................................................... 14

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 3/39

1 Introduction
A Skystream 3.7 wind turbine with a rated power of 1.8 kW and a rotor diameter of 3.7 m was
erected at the Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (USDA-ARS) west of
Bushland, Texas, United States of America in order to perform a duration test. A detailed
description of the turbine and its components is given in enclosure A. USDA-ARS has installed
the necessary measurement equipment and conducted the duration test. The manufacturer of
the turbine, Southwest Windpower (SWWP), got in touch with Germanischer Lloyd Industrial
Services USA (GLIS USA) to check the database derived from the duration test and inspect
the turbine after completion of the test. This service was provided in close cooperation with
Windtest Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH (WTK) as an accredited institute for tests and
measurements on small wind turbines, amongst others.
The scope of this report are the results of the duration test according to the IEC 61400-2
standard [1].

2 History of the turbine


The turbine was erected at the USDA-ARS site in August of 2006. Different turbine
components like rotor and inverter unit have been changed until the final setup for the test was
completely installed in November of 2006. USDA-ARS has maintained a log book that includes
information about all test related activities performed at the turbine or at the measurement
system. Table 1 gives an overview about significant turbine and test related activities.

Date

Comment

2006-08-28

First run of a former version of the turbine

2006-11-17

new nacelle, tower flange bolts and isolators have been installed,
original rotor remained in use

2007-29-01

Inverter software update, Start of duration test

2007-04-19

RV-board of the turbine replaced

2007-12-07

Turbine was manually shut down due to approaching ice storm

2007-12-10

Turbine was powered back on, but was still in brake mode

2008-01-10

USDA-ARS had to disassemble the nacelle to reengage the turbine

2008-03-31

End of duration test

2008-04-03

Site visit and inspection by GLIS USA

Table 1, turbine history (source: USDA-ARS logbook)

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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3 Test site
The test site is located west of the city of Bushland near Amarillo, Texas, USA. The
coordinates of the turbine are:
351109.4 N and 1020457.1 W
The elevation of the site is 1,160 m. The annual average wind speed at the site is 6 m/s at 10
m height and the prevailing wind direction is 215 magnetic.
A photo series of the test site is given in enclosure B.

4 Measurements
4.1

Measurement system

The test setup consists of the turbine under test on a 10 m monopole tower and a 10 m tilt up
met tower that is located 9.1 m (2.5 times rotor diameter) from the turbine at 230 magnetic.
Following quantities have been measured during the test:
Signal name

Input

Sampling rate

Storage

WS (hub height wind


speed)

Frequency

1 Hz

1 min average

WD (hub height wind


direction)

Analogue

1 Hz

1 min average

Power (active turbine


power)

Analogue

1 Hz

1 min average

Table 2, Signal list


Used measurement sensors and data logger are given in Table 3.
Type

Manufacturer

Model

Serial number

Anemometer

Met One

010C

F2273

Wind vane

Met One

024A

D4614

Multifunction electric meter

Simpson

GIMA

1002194

Current transformer

Simpson

37029

None

Data logger

Campbell

CR23X

7016

Table 3, Sensor list

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 5/39

Calibration certificates could only partially be provided by USDA-ARS. Most of the documents
are outdated or do not fulfil the quality standards of WTK. A post calibration has been
performed for the anemometer, the data logger as well as for the watt transducer and the
current transformers (as a set). See enclosures C, D and E. The accuracies of the devices
were within the tolerances specified by the manufacturer.
The measurement range of active turbine power is only accurate for the turbine in power
producing mode as negative power values (consumption of the turbine and the measurement
system) can only be displayed as positive values. This effect results in an approximate 30
Watt offset in power measurements when the turbine is not producing. The accuracy of the
watt transducer is 0.6% according to the specification sheet of the device. The accuracy of the
three phase current transformer is 1% according to the spec sheet of the manufacturer of the
device.
The signal quality of the wind speed measurement has been checked by using a handheld
oscilloscope.
The wind direction sensor has been installed at a different met tower in a distance of
approximately 100 m at 50 magnetic. The wind direction calibration has been verified by in
situ. A deviation of only 3 has been noticed. A correction of the results was not necessary.
It was not possible to gather the maximum instantaneous wind speed during the measurement
period nor any turbulence intensities as only 1 minute averages of the wind speed were
available. Maximum, minimum or standard deviation of one minute time series could not be
provided.
The highest measured 1 min wind speed average was 23.2 m/s. The highest 1 Hz wind speed
sample at 10 m height from a nearby weather station located at the USDA test site was 24.5
m/s (2008-02-03).

4.2

Data Results from measurements

The derived database from the duration test has been checked on the criteria mentioned in the
IEC standard [1].
It was necessary to average the 1 min data sets in order to get 10 minute mean values as
required by the IEC standard [1]. Therefore only consecutive 1 minute datasets have been
used. Incomplete series have been discarded. For each 10 consecutive 1 min sets their mean,
max, min and standard variation values have been calculated for further evaluations.
Following picture gives an overview about the calculated 10 min data sets:

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 6/39

Figure 1, 10 minute data sets, unfiltered

4.2.1 Power production


The duration test is considered as complete as the following criteria of the IEC standard [1]
have been met:
Criteria

Required

Achieved

Duration of the test

6 month

14 month

Power production at any wind

2,500 hours

3,350 hours

Power production at 1.2 * Vave (1.2 * 8.5 m/s = 250 hours


10.2 m/s)

473 hours

Power production at 1.8 * Vave (1.8 * 8.5 m/s = 25 hours


15.3 m/s)

26.5 hours

Table 4, Duration test criteria


As the power measurement was not very accurate in the lower power range a rather
conservative filter criterion was chosen to find power production data sets. Power production
was defined as:
Power_min (10 min) > 200 Watt

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 7/39

The measurement sector has been chosen as 0 360 magnetic to provide a sufficient data
base. It is assumed that the actual wind speed is even higher than the measured wind speed
outside the measurement sector (when the anemometer is in the wake of neighbouring
turbines or other obstacles).

4.2.2 Reliable operation


The turbine showed mostly a normal behaviour during the period of the test. The operational
time fraction during the test has been determined according to Equation 1.

O=

TT TN TU TE
TT TU TE

Equation 1, operational time fraction


With: TT:
TN:
TU:
TE:

total time period


turbine known to be non-operational
turbine status is unknown
time excluded from analysis

TT is considered as the time between start and stop of the duration test (427.4 days)
TN is considered as the time when the turbine is stopped for any reason other than included in
TU or TE (38.7 days)
TU is considered as the time when no data were recorded or the measurements were not
reliable (4.7 days)
TE is considered as the time between 2007-12-07 16:20 and 2007-12-10 12:00 when the
turbine was shut down due to a approaching ice storm (2.8 days)

O=

427.4 38.7 4.7 2.8


= 90,8%
427.4 4.7 2.8

An operational time fraction of 90% is required by the IEC standard [1].

4.2.3 Power production degradation


A degradation of the power performance of the turbine could not be observed.
To check a degradation of power performance of the turbine the procedure described in the
IEC [1] has been used:
The power level of the turbine has been binned by wind speed for each month of the duration
test (first month February 2007, 14th month March 2008). The binned power levels have been
plotted as a function of time, to find possible trends. No results can be provided for June and
July of 2007 as the wind speed measurement was not reliable during this time. This procedure
is only useful for a wind speed range from approximately cut in wind speed to rated wind
speed. The deviation of the power values above rated wind speed is significant; a correlation
can not be identified.
WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

Page 10/39

The following picture represents the 10 minute mean power values as a function of 10 minute
mean wind speed values for the first 30 days of the test as well as the last 30 days of the test.
A significant degradation of power is not apparent.
period1: min10_Power_mean

period2: min10_Power_mean

W
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0

10

15

20

25
m/s

Figure 5, power vs. wind speed, period 1 first 30 days, period 2 last 30 days of the test period

5 Dynamic behaviour
The turbine has been observed during the site visit at wind speeds between approximately 5
and 12 m/s for approximately 1.5 hours. No abnormal behaviour could be noticed. The USDAARS personnel have also reported that no noticeable oscillations had occurred during the test
period.
An appropriate test device for monitoring the dynamic behaviour during the test was not
implemented in the measurement system.

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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6 Condition of the turbine after the test


The turbine was inspected on 2008-04-03 at the test site.

6.1

Type plates

A picture of the turbines type plate is given in enclosure F. Type plates of blades, generator or
other components could not be found. A manufacturers certificate provided by SWWP can be
found as enclosure A.

6.2

Blades

The blades have been visually inspected while mounted on the turbine. The blades have been
numbered for better separation.
Cracks have been found at the surface of each blade near the trailing and leading edges at the
suction side of the blade as well as at the blade root. Cracks are approximately 0.1 to 0.5 mm
wide and run along the bonding edges of the two blade shells. Pictures of the cracks are
attached in enclosure F.

Figure 6, Blade 1, suction side, location of cracks

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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Figure 7, Blade 2, suction side, location of cracks

Figure 8, Blade 3, suction side, location of cracks


The bolts that are connecting the blades to the hub are partially rusted. Picture attached in
enclosure F.

6.3

Generator

No anomaly has been observed.

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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6.4

Nacelle with inverter and controller unit

Marks of condensed water have been found inside the nacelle (enclosure F).
Most of the screws that are securing the inverter unit are corroded (enclosure F).
Grease is leaking from the yaw bearing (enclosure F).

6.5

Tower and foundation

No anomalies have been observed on the tower.

7 Conclusion
The turbine under test has been tested for fourteen month. During that time the turbine was
reliable running and producing power so that the duration test can be considered as
completed.
An inspection of the turbine after the test showed some minor corrosion problems. Minor
problems can easily be resolved during scheduled maintenance.
The problems found at the blades may, extrapolated to the lifetime of the turbine, lead to an
unreliable operation of the turbine. It is recommended to further investigate the reason and
severity of the cracks.

8 Deviations
The duration test has been performed with the following deviations to the IEC 61400 2:

Average turbulence intensity at 15 m/s and highest instantaneous measured wind


speed could not be determined.

Dynamic behaviour of the turbine hasnt been observed for wind speeds higher than
12 m/s.

Measurement sector has been chosen as 0 - 360 magnetic, no additional wind


direction filtering has been done.

9 Literature
[1]
IEC 61400-2 Ed.2: WIND TURBINES - Part 2: Design requirements for small wind
turbines

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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10 Enclosures

Enclosure A: Manufacturers certificate.................................................................................... 15


Enclosure B: Photo series of the test site................................................................................. 17
Enclosure C: Calibration certificate of the anemometer ........................................................... 19
Enclosure D: Calibration certificate of the watt transducer and current transformer ................ 25
Enclosure E: Calibration certificate of the data logger ............................................................. 28
Enclosure F: Photos of turbine inspection................................................................................ 30

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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Enclosure A: Manufacturers certificate

WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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WT 6534/08: Duration Test on a Southwest Windpower Skystream 3.7Bushland, Texas, USA

WINDTEST Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog GmbH

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