MC9277-Software Quality Management

1)Define software quality? Crosby,1979 - Zero defects ISO,1986 - The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy specified or implied needs. Fruhauf - Quality is when the customer comes back,not the product. 2)Write down the different views of quality? The transcendent view The product based view The value based view The manufacturing view The user based view 3)Describe the three areas addressed by Mccals model? Product operation Product revision Product transition 4)Define Mccalls quality criteria Usability Integrity Efficiency Correctness Reliability Maintainability Flexibility Testability Portability Reusability Interoperability 5)How the quality criteria interrelated? Inverse Neutral Direct 6)Give the conditions that quality metrics should met? Be clearly linked to the quality criterion. Be sensitive to the different degrees of the criterion. Provide objective determination of criterion. 7)Define Structuredness? Structuredness Modularity Lines of code Number of modules 8)What are the two types of metrics? Predictive Metrics Descriptive Metrics 9)Give the characteristics of quality of software?

 Quality is not absolute Quality is multidimensional. Quality is subject to constraints Quality is about acceptable compromises. Quality criteria are not independent. 10)Why software is considered to be problematical? Software has no physical existence The lack of knowledge of client needs The change of client needs. The rapid change in hardware and software. High expectation of customers 11)what are the seven criteria suggested by watts for a good metric? Objectivity Reliability Validity Standardization Comparability Economy Usefulness 12)How the metrics are classified? Readability as a measure of usability Error prediction as a measure of correctness Error detection as a measure of correctness MTTF as a measure of reliability Complexity as a measure of reliability. Complexity as a measure of mainatanability Readability of a code as a measure of mainatanability Modularity as a measure of maintainability. Testability as a measure of maintainability 13)Write down the limitations of metrics? They cannot be validated. They are not generally objective. Quality is relative.,not an absolute quantity. They depend upon a small set of measurable properties. The do not measure the complete set of quality criteria. The metrics measure more than one criterion. 14)What are the problem areas associated with implementation of the method? The method is different. The need for training and retraining. The need for effective management. The need to measure progress. Piciking up errors earlier may cause frustration. 15)write down the gilbs quality attributes? Workability Availability Adaptability

 Usability 16)Define workability? Workability is defined as the raw ability of the system to do work.workability may considered in terms of Process capacityIts the ability to process transactions within a given unit of time. Storage capacity-Its the ability of the syatem to store things such as information. Responsiveness-Its the measure of the response to single event. 17)Define Availability? Availability is concerned with the proportion of elapsed time that a system is able to be used.The sub attributes are Reliability Mainatainability. Integrity 18)Define Adaptability? Adaptability may considered in terms of improvability,extendability,and portability. Improvability-the time taken to make minor changes to the system where the term system is taken to include items such as documentation. Extendability-Its the ease of adding new functionality to system. Portability-Its the ease of moving a system from one environment to another. 19)Gilbs approach become obselent.State reason. Use of a template rather than rigid model. Explicit recognition of constraints upon quality. Recognition of critical resources Use of locally defined measures. Close links with the development process. 20)Write down the five methods suggested by waats for measuring quality? Simple Scoring. Weighted Scoring. Phased Weighting factor method. The Kepner-Tregoe method. The Cologne combination method. 21)Define Methodology? A methodology may be defined as a frame work for the systematic organization of a collection of methods. 22)Define QMS? The organizational structure,responsibilities,procedures,processes and resources for implementing quality management. 23)Define Quality Control. A systematic mathod of economically providing products or services that met the users requirements. 24)Define DRE? DRE= Errors found by an inspection * 100% Total Errors in the product before Inspection

25)Name the two metrics for DRE? Total defect containment Effectiveness(TDCE) Phase containment Effecetiveness(PCE) TDCE= Number of pre release defects Numberof prerelease defects+number of post release defects PCE= Number of phase i errors Number of phase I errors+Number of phase I defects 26)Write down the characteristics of DRE? There are only two phases of defect removal. The defect removal effectiveness for the two phases is same. 27)What are five factors affecting software quality assurance? Size of the system Criticality of the system. The cost of correcting errors. Type of release. Relationship with user. 28)Write down the guidelines for effective leadership? Trust your subordinates. Develop your vision. Keep u cool. Encourage risk Be an expert. Invite dissent. Simplify. 29)Write down the five effective methods to ensure the failure of software quality assurance? Too many technical niceties. Too much time spent stopping,rather than preventing defects. Efforts wasted. Management has a problem with the mathematical kid. Always complaining about the government,but no one does anything.

30)What is SRS? The software requirement specification document describes capabilities,states,functionality of all aspects of the system.This include major components,subcomponentsof the software and internal interfaces of the software and may include databases.It also include items specifically required by the user. 31)Write down the principles behind the review process? Establishing what reviews are needed by the project. What are contents of various review. What should be results o f the review. 32)Write down the specification for reviews? Formal reviews occur at menaing ful points of the software schedule. Include affected groups within organization and customer or end user representatives as appropriate. Review materials that the responsible software managers have reviewed and approved.

Check the commitments,plans and status of the software activities. Document the identification of significant issues. Address the software project risks. Define any refinements in the software development plan 33)Write down the objectives of Management Review Process? Making activities progress according to plan Changing project direction. Identify the need for alternative palnning. Maintaining the global control of the project. 34)What are the inputs given to the management review process? Statement of objectives List of issues to be addressed. Current project schedule. Report from other reviews. Reports of resources assigned to project Data on the software elements completed. 35)What are the procedures involved in the management review? Planning Overview Preparation Examination. Rework Exit criteria. Management review output. Auditability 36)Write down the objective of Technical review ? Evaluation of a specific software elements. Identification of any discrepancies from specification and standards. Recommendations after the examination of alternatives. 37) What are inputs given to the technical review processs? Statement of objectives. Software elements being examined. Specifications for the software elements. Plans,standards or guidelines against which the software elements are to be examined. 38)Write down the procedures involved in auditing? Planning Overview Preparation Examination Reporting 39)Write down the preparations that has to be made by the audit team? Understand the organization Understand the products and processes. Understand the objective audit criteria. Prepare for the audit report. Detail the audit plan.

40)Write down the contents included in the Auditing plan? Project processes to be examined. Software required to be examined. Reports shall be identified. Reports distribution. Required follow up activities. Requirements. Objective audit criteria. Audit procedures and checklists. Audit personnel. Organization involved in the audit. Date,time, place,agenda of session. 41)What are the requirements required for the document audit and verification? Acquisition of project documentation. Analysis of documents. Dissemination of information. 42)When the auditing is said to be complete? Each element within the scope has been examined. Findings have been presented to the auditing organization. Response to the draft audit have been received. Final findings have been formally presented. The audit report has been prepared and submitted. All follow-up actions by the auditing organization have been performed. 43)Write down the contents of audit reports? Audit Identification Scope Conclusions. Synopsis Follow-up. 44)What is Auditing? An audit provides an objective compliance confiramation of products and processes to certify adherence to standards,guideleines,specifications and procedures.Audits are performed in accordance with documented plans and procedures .The results of the audit are documented and are submitted to the management of the audited organization,to the entity initiating the audit and to any external organiztions identified in the audit plan. 45)What is the purpose of performing Review and auditing? The purpose of performing review and audits are to ensure that the products meets all client needs and equirementsand to find development anomalies as early and as inexpensively as possible. 46)What are Ishikawas seven basic tools for quality control? Check sheet Pareto diagram Histogram Scatter diagram Run chart Control chart

 Cause and effect diagram. 47)What is the purpose of using check sheet? A check sheet is a paper form with printed items to be checked.Its main purpose is to facilitate gathering data and to arrange data while collecting it so the data can be easily used later. 48)What is the use of pareto diagram? A pareto diagram is a frequency chart of bars in descending order.A pareto daiagram can identify the few causes that account for the majority of defects.It indicates which problem can be solved first in eliminating defects and improving the operation.Pareto analysis can be referred to as 80-20% principle. 49) What is the purpose of using Histogram? The histogram is a graphic representation of frequency counts of a sample or a population.the purpose of histogram is to show the distribution characteristics of a parameter. 50) What is the use of scatter diagram? A scatter diagram vividly portrays the relationship of two interval variables. 51)What is the use of cause and effect diagram? The cause and effect diagram is also known as fish bone diagram.It shows the relationship between the quality characteristics and factors that affect the characteristics.It identifies all casual factors of a quality characteristics in one chart.

UNIT-1 Part (2 marks) 1. What is quality? 2. Define software quality? 3. What are the views of quality? 4. Give the definitions of quality? 5. What is quality as per ISO? 6. What are the reasons for software becomes problematical?

7. Give the traditional waterfall lifecycle model. 8. What is hierarchical model? 9. Give the schematic hierarchical view of software quality. 10. Mention the two hierarchical models. 11. What are the areas addressed by McCalls model? 12. Mention the criteria of quality defined by McCalls model? 13. Draw the GE model. 14. How the quality criteria interrelate? 15. What are software metrics? 16. What are the types of software metrics? 17. What are the seven criteria for good metrics? 18. What makes a good metric? 19. Define MTTF as a measure of reliability 20. What re the problems with metrics? 21. Give the relationship between criteria and measurable properties. 22. What are problems highlighted by Gilb with the implementation of methods? 23. What are the attributes of Gilbs work? 24. List out the Gilbs attributes with its sub attribute. 25. Define Workability. 26. Define availability. 27. Define adaptability. 28. Define Usability. 29. Mention the Dicksons classification of reliability criteria. 30. What is GQM model? PART-B 1. What are the views of quality? Explain in Detail the views of quality. (16) 2. Explain the hierarchical model of Quality. (16) 3. a) Plain in detail the GE Model. (08) b) Plain the Boehm model. (08) CS1020 SOFTWARE QUALITY MANAGEMENT 4. Explain how the software quality can be measured and the problems associated with them. (16) 5. Explain the work of Gilb. (16) 6. Explain in detail GQM model. (16) Unit-II Part-A (2 Marks) 1. What are Quality tasks? 2. What is SQA Plan? 3. Define Software quality Assurance (SQA). 4. List out the Teams and Responsibilities. 5. What makes the QA work minimal? 6. What are the factors affecting the SQA effort? 7. List out the seven keys to Leadership. 8. What are the ways of killing the Quality Assurance? 9. What are the Characteristics of Software quality assurance?

10. List out the elements of Documentation. 11. What is SRS? 12. What is SDD? 13. What are the steps in Document Distribution? 14. Draw the Documents Documentation plan worksheet. 15. Give the Reviewing description template. 16. What are action Items? 17. List out the special responsibilities of Technical Review Process. 18. What is software inspection? 19. What is walkthrough? 20. What is audit process? 21. Write short notes on Document verification. Part-B 1. Explain in detail the Quality tasks and responsibilities. (16) 2. Explain in detail about the Documentation. (16) 3. Explain the Procedural description template and Action items (16) 4. Explain in detail the CMM Compatibility of Reviews and audits. (16) 5. Explain the management review process. (16) 6. Explain the technical review process. (16) 7. Explain the types of reviews. (16) 8. Explain the software inspection process. (16) 9. a) Explain walkthrough process. (8) b) Explain the Audit process. (8) 10. a) Explain the Document verification and validation. (8) b) Explain the factors affecting the SQA effort. (8) Unit- III Part A (2 Marks) 1. What are the Ishikawas basic tools in software development? 2. What is Fish Bone diagram? 3. Draw the Cause and effect diagram of Design Inspection. 4. What are CASE tools? 5. Define error detection efficiency. 6. Define Defect removal efficiency. 7. Define TDCE and PCE 8. What is Defect Injection 9. What are the activities associated with Defect injection and Removal. 10. Write short notes on Defect Prevention process. 11. What are reliability models? 12. What is Rayleigh mole? 13. Define CDF and PDF in Rayleigh model. 14. What are reliability growth models? 15. What are the classes of Reliability Growth models?

16. List out the Reliability Growth models. 17. Define Jelinski Moranda model. 18. Define LittleWood model 19. Define Goel Okumoto imperfect debugging model. 20. Define Goel Okumoto Nonhomogeneous Poison Process model(NHPP) 21. Define Musa-Okumoto Logarithmic Poison Execution Time model. 22. Define The Delayed S and Inflection S. Part-B 1. Explain in Detail about the Ishikawas basic tools in software development (16) 2. a) Explain in detail about the CASE tools. (8) b) Explain the Defect Prevention Process. (8) 3. Explain the Defect removal Effectiveness. (16) 4. Explain the Reliability models. (16) 5. Explain in detail about the Rayleigh model. (16) 6. Explain Reliability growth model for quality assessment (16) Unit-IV Part-A (2 marks) 1. What is QMS? 2. Define TQM 3. What is QIP? 4. What are the elements of QMS? 5. What is statistical process control? 6. List out the procedures in a QMS. 7. Mention the SPC techniques and its purposes. 8. Write short notes on principles of Rayleigh model framework 9. Compare the Scenarios of Inspection Effort / Defect Rate. 10. What are the activities of Reliability growth models? 11. What are the key metrics and models? CS1020 SOFTWARE QUALITY MANAGEMENT 12. Define Lines of Code 13. Define Halsteads Software Science. 14. Define Cyclomatic Complexity. 15. Write short notes on Syntactic constructs. 16. Write short notes on Structure metrics. 17. What is customer satisfaction analysis? 18. What are the survey methods of Customer satisfaction? 19. Write down the advantages and disadvantages of survey methods Part- B 1. Explain in detail the elements of QMS. (16) 2. Explain the Rayleigh model framework. (16) 3. Explain the Reliability Growth models. (16) 4. Explain the complexity metrics and its models (16)

5. Explain Lines of Code and Halsteads Software Science. (16) 6. Explain in detail the Cyclomatic Complexity (16) 7. a)Explain Syntactic constructs (8) b) Briefly explain structure metrics. (8) 8. Explain in detail the Customer satisfaction surveys / analysis. (16) Unit V Part-A (2 Mark Question) 1. What are the needs for standards? 2. What are the fundamental principles of ISO 9001 standard 3. List out the ISO 9000 series of quality management standards. 4. Mention some of the clauses of ISO9001 standard. 5. What are the three levels of Document control clause? 6. Write short notes on Seeking Accreditation 7. Give the structure of ISO9000 3 standards 8. What are the key areas of guidance given by ISO 9000-3 standard? 9. What are the requirements of ISO9001? 10. What is the impact of ISO9000 11. What is CMM? Or write short notes on CMM. 12. What are the five levels of SEI CMM? 13. What are the five stages of CMM 14. What is CMMI? 15. Write short notes on Six Sigma concepts. Part- B 1. Discuss in detail about the needs for standards (16) 2. Explain the ISO9000 series standard (16) 3. Explain the ISO9000-3 standard for software development. (16) 4. Explain in detail the CMM Model (16) 5. Explain the CMMI Model (16) 6. Explain the Six Sigma Concepts. (16)