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Influences
Geographical, Geological, Climatic -Siam, in 1939 Muang Tai or Thailand -Borders: Burma on the west and north, Laos and Cambodia on the northeast, -Rich in durable and decorative timbers. Teak, Ebony -Principal building material- brick - Stone was of little use, for foundations during the years of Kmer influence - Tropical climate with monsoon rains and winds
Architectural Character
Buddhist Influence Periods -Dvaravati Period, 6-10th c. Buildings were built of bricks and stone, mouldings similar to the Buddhists structures from Ceylon to North India. Granite bases with mortise holes for pillars supporting timber superstructures. -Kmer-Lopvuri(Mon-Kmer) period, 10-13th c. manifestation of Kmer Angkor style of Architecture, but also mirrored Mons and Tailaings traditions. Kmers introduced the use of stone in place of bricks or rubble bonded with vegetable glue
Periods
Ayudya Style- the stupa was in circular plan, ring based and bell shaped as in Ceylon. Use of sculptures, mural painting Bangkok Style-18-19th c. Chinese influence. Porcelain tiles for floors, white stuccoed bricks for walls, brightly colored glazed tiles of multileveled overlapping timber roofs. Carved wood for doors and windows- lacquered, painted, bone in laid with mother of pearls.
Wat Arun
Wat Arun
Roof
Roof finials Most decorations are attached to the bargeboard, the long, thin panel on the edge of the roof at the gable ends. The decorative structure is called the lamyong. The lamyong is sculpted in an undulating, serpentine nag sadung shape evoking the nga. Its blade-like projection called bai raka suggest both naga fins and the feathers of Garuda. Its lower finial is called a hang hong , which usually takes the form of a naga's head turned up and facing away from the roof. The naga head may be styled in flamelike kranok motifs and may have multiple heads. A roof with multiple breaks or tiers has identical hang hong finials at the bottom of each section. Perched on the peak of the lamyong is the large curving ornament called a chofah, which resembles the beak of a bird, perhaps representing Garuda.
Wat Prasat
Wat Prasat () , one of the most famous of the 100 temples within the old city, is a fine example of traditional Lanna architecture. It dates back at least as far as the 16th century CE, or probably still older.
The most important building in the temple complex is the old wooden viharn or sermon hall, dating back to 1823. This viharn was tastefully renovated in 1987. Built in traditional and distinctively Lanna style, the viharn is built of skillfully-crafted teak wood panels on a whitewashed brick and stucco base. The main entrance, which naturally faces east, is reached by a low flight of steps flanked by naga balustrades.
Wat Saen Fang is one of the most important temples in the east of Chiang Mai city is one such Wat or temple, which epitomizes this confluence of styles. featuring a Lanna style prayer hall viharn, and a Burmese style chedi (an alternative term for a Buddhist stupa, mainly used in Thailand). chedi and the ordination hall (ubosot) on the west side of the compound were built during the Burmese occupation of Chiang Mai. The prayer hall (viharn), on the right is in the Lanna style and had served as the Royal Hall. Thus Wat Saen Fang like quite a few Wats in Chiang Mai is a confluence of two architectural styles & the influence of Burmese style is strong. Indeed, the elaborately carved exterior and use of rich colors like gold and blue reminded us of the Wats glorious past.
Wat Phan Tao, also written Wat Pantao, is a Buddhist temple in the heart of the old city. The name Wat Phan Tao means "Monastery of a Thousand Kilns". The name is believed to refer to the casting of the numerous Buddha images for its even bigger neighbour, Wat Chedi Luang, located right next door.
Wat Phan Tao has a beautiful viharn (main prayer hall), a majestic structure that is today one of the few remaining all-wood buildings in Chiang Mai . The viharn was originally the ho kham which means the palace (or literally, the "gilded hall") of Chiang Mai's king, Chao Mahawong, who ruled from 1846 to 1854.
chedi
Wat Chiang Man on a mid November afternoon. This place was so peaceful and the reflection of the sun on the gold was just breathtaking.