Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
IRE TRANSACTIONS
ON
MICROWAVE
THEORY
AND
TECHNIQUES
January
.3, o
A
I s;de
7+-
TOp Wall - Hi
Measured
Unbalance
Shwf .2
Slot
Hybri~~
7 I I t I I I 4 /1 / I /, I /,/
0(
.f
(.O
&
-A_
Fig.
11
x.
only ability.
as a qualitative
indication
of the
power
second
duplexer, circuit,
employing behaved in
in at
6,
frefrzency
;
,?M C
had
the
predicted in Fig.
Fig.
10
is shown
11 (above).
Calculation
of the Parameters
TSUNG-SHAN
of Ridge
CHEN~
Waveguides*
this paper an algebraic expression which conSummaryIn stitut es an approximation to Cohn% transcendental equation is given for the determination of the dominant-mode cutoff wavelength of ridge waveguides. A modified derivation of Mihrans equation for calculating the characteristic impedance of ridge waveguides is dkcussed. Based upon these formulas, nomography are constructed to permit the determination of these parameters with sufficient accuracy when the waveguide and the ridge dimensions vary. Experimental verification of the calculated cutoff wavelength is included.
z as filter
elements, One
as components of by slow-wave of a of means resongmt the cutoff doubletuning permits field tuning a plunger electronis inis
other
purposes.3 which
structure
with
consists
waveguide spaced of
transverse this structure ridge have their between are the section. of
The
transverse to
of the
waveguide.4 magnetrons, as the means gap. In external electric of the the frequency satisfactory been reduced the obtained narrow
the
INTRODUCTION IDGE R ing also guides requiring matching the than same have have WAVEGUI and conventional internal Because been or used free a wider DES a lower dimensions. bandwidth of these have a longer cutoff hav-
waveguides
a compact concentrated characteristics which beam troduced two parallel 2 Radio method in
Because
wavelength
rectangular
waveguides
short-circuits
interference.
advantages,
beam
field
between
a wide
range
fundamental
transition
Harvard
Univ..
Verv
Hi~h-Frea
uencv
Co~, vol. Co.,
* Manuscript received by PGMTT, March 14, 1956. f Radio Corp. of America, Harrison, N. J. 1 T. N. Anderson, Double-ridge. waveguide for commercial IRE TRANS., vol. MTT-3, lines weather radar installation,
2-9; July, 1955.
airpp.
Techniques, vol. II, pp. 678684, 731736, McG~aw-I~ill, Bo~k Inc., New York, N. Y.; 1947. 3 S. B. Cohn, Properties of ridge waveguides, PROC. IRE, 35, pp. 783788 ; Angust, 1947.1 4 J. R. Pierce, Traveling-Wave Tubes, D. Van Nostrand New York, N. Y., ch. 4; 1950.
7957
Chen:
wavegwides in high are also for of low
Ccslcultstlon
as H-type
of fhe
output of trans-
Parameters
of
Ridge
Waveguides
13
purpose waveguide
the
used level of
for the is
impedance
~-I+j
(a) Fig.
L[~~jI
(b)
H-type
ob-
physical may
sizes.
In addition,
broadseleca cutoff
L
be provided H section of
of the as long
to yield the
as that
waveguide
to the
transformers. of ridge characteristic to relations Cohns be known for first for their cutoff waveguides, impedance for design the determination wavelengths for of the the cutoff are imFig. 2Equivalent of ridge
parameters available.67
approximate
\ m
~ c=c~+2cd
L.
length
developed
bottom
plate,
electric length
field of the
exists guide
also
expressions
capacitance
tenuation mode. clude than upon istics finding terms structed having ferent
impedance has and article, dominant waveguides. are expressed and for having been cross
is approximately
extended sections
other is laid where space The to the order in the in cone is the equals ridge in permittivity the waveguide waves effects by the of the per medium meter discontinuities local proper and in
(1)
free-
calculation rectangular
of the
8.854
X 1012 farad
presents and causes local at the which methodl~ developed C& which with the
charts
or higherlocation capacitive matchfor on the ratio closely ffel the the ratio 2 C~/e bJbl. the which trans-
of these addition
fields
are included
ridges
of
dif-
depths.
is here
CUTOFF
FOR THE
DOMINANT
ing,
Whinnery
WAVEGUIDES and In the is double-ridge derivations, In Fig. represented wavemks 2, a by of capaciC, in capacicd.
a lesser
extent, of the
aJb2. The
is plotted This fringing is a
Cd along capacitance in
3 as a function
discontinuity capacitance by 13
approaches
length
a constricted of
conductor,
equivalent
obtained
means
Schwarz-Chrktc}
capacitance,
formationlz,
$2+1
coshl x The with value that per
waveguide
() 1X2 of unit
mode, between
2)
be total
(3)
C,, depends
mainly
5 G. B. Collins, cd., Microwave hfagnetrons, M.I.T. Rad. Lab. Ser., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N. Y., vol. 6, pp. 198-203 ; 1948. c G. L,. Ragan, cd., Microwa~,e Transmission Circuitsr M. 1.T. Rad. Lab. Ser., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N. Y., vol. 9, p. 57; 1948. Fields and Waves in Modern 7 S. Ramo and J. R. Whinnery, Radio, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, N. 1.; 19-M. Die Berechnung von Steghohlleitern, 6 Hans-Georg Unger, A~chiv Elekt. L%ert~agung, Band 9, Heft 4; April, 1955. J. lbl. Osepchuk, Variational Calculations on Ridge \Vavecruides. Cruft Lab.. Harvard Univ.. Cambrid~e.w, Mass.. Tech. Rem No. 2~4; May 5, 1955. 10 S. Hopfer, The design of ridged waveguides, IRE TRANS., vol. MTT-3, pp. 2029; October, 1955.
capacitance is then
C in farads
of the
waveguide
II W. C. Hahn, A new method for the calculation of cavity resonators, J. Ap@. Phys., vol. 12, pp. 6268; January, 1941. 2 J. R. Whinnery and H. W. Jamieson, Equivalent circuits of discontinuities in transmission lines, PROC. IRE, vol. 32, pp. 98--1 16; February, 1944. 13 Miles Walker, Conjugate Functions for Engineers, Oxford University Press, Cambridge, Mass.; 1933.
14
IRE TRANSACTIONS
ON
MICROWAVE
THEORY
AND
TECHNIQUES
January
:=;/(:+%)(3(307)
A nomograph waveguides (opposite). step value the ratio, and sum for the determination dimensions of &/& is shown for ridge 4 having The known in Fig. to a given joining this value of 2 CJe from corresponding Fig. 3. A line
bJbl,
the
is found
point
given
on the A
aJbz scales
line is and
(aJbZ +2 C~/e).
the scales line two and from given the
points
aJbl
cutting
diagonal value
a definite on the
intersection scale.
determines
right-hand
CUTOFF
WAVELENGTHS IN RIDGE
HIGHER
MODES
To
find
the
cutoff
wavelengths shown in
modes,
the
waveguide in the
is considered having Fig. waves 5(a), by two bl and loop one sets and the an the
transmission-line transverse d, of the guide separated TE~o at the shown the left wave by
direction.3
of parallel odd a
bz. The
current
center in end
in Fig. on inunit
a short
The per
ductance,
section
az 61= () l&z
of waveguide
is given P(~l
L=
(4)
az & 62=ZZT=
electrical in r~dians.
length
of section
X2
where
p is the
of
the
and the
equals double0=
admittance
of
47r X 107 henry ridge C in At tudinal resonance quency, is waveguide (3) should the in the
free Fig.
space. 1 (b),
capacitance L in the in
and
the remains
(4)
admittance
of
doubled; waveguide
cutoff
cutoff,
back
ridge longi-
transverse shown
direction in Fig.
B.
propagation; in the
condition waveguide
corresponds in cycles
d of the composite
f.,
of the ridge
the
to to im-
resonance
(5)
an
expression terms
giving
wavelength,
bl _
b2 =
Cot[(-%:l-%%:t
. an(:;:) equation is solved for the first order mode root and wavelength of the TEIO for
Waveguide Handbook, M.I.T. Book Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.,
(8)
This The given cutoff wavelength, l/(fc <~) h., and of width of the ridge waveguide is the
to obtain higher-
cutoff
by AC=
the cutoff
waveguide cutoff
al by & = 2al. is
wavelengths
1957
Chen:
Calculation
of the
Parameters
of Ridge
Waveguides
15
RATIO TO
012345678910
20 19 la
[7 16 15 14 13 ii < ; 12 II -3 2
.
i
. I I
+ 10 $9 ~e 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 0
I,, ,,1, i,, l,, ,,1, ,,, l,,, RATIO OF WAVEGUIOE(a, /b,) WI OTH-TO-HEIGHT
-k
Fig.
~x,=a,,,
}=+ w
.~ q=al-ay
for the determination of the ratio, kj/A., of the cutoff wavelength, to the cutoff wavelength, h,, of a conventional rectangular waveguide dimensions.
x., of a having
the
cubic
terms
of (9); This
the
result
equation readily to
CTF==WT
obtain a more even the in Fig. The
(b)
92 or
in &/hc.
accurate of
of A./XC. TE~O the waves end of have the voltage waveguide for these of the by the
nodes section
iBc
at
bz
modes
(a)
(c)
higher-order circuit h. x
Fig.
5Equivalent distributed parameter circuits for one half of a unit length of (a) ridge waveguide, (b) for odd modes of TE~O waves, and (c) for even modes.
61 order roots to odd the obtain TE~o the modes. appearing are can in the arguments less by (8) then the first of the than two The rived culation by means tron cutoff wavelengths of the Zi=
Tco[(-:)%l #,,.,
he Cot(: $:) OF RIDGE of ridge basis a magnetron is also the current attached In the WAVEGUI waveguide in the which used in OE decalIMPEDANCE impedance curves cavity This for is used
ratios
substantially Eq,
be replaced
expansions.
becomes
voltage-to-current
resonators.
parameter
ance-matching voltage-to-current two When ing the To the cubic are this terms solved the in for components: and bottom at the principal which
and
remainfrom only in
top the
waveguide,
excites
terms chart,
improve
accuracy
ponent changes,
approximate
16
The the sion field for first component
IRE TRANSACTIONS
of current, along and the lZI,
ON
MICROWAVE
by section expres-
THEORY
AND
TECHNIQUES
January
8
is determined cross the distribution in Fig. lZ1 as 6(a) waveguide Cohna derived
as shown
6(b).
11)
the
Fig. 7Electrostatic-field distribution at corner unit length of ridge waveguide. of
/P
ZTE =
@
(12)
The guide
characteristic is then
Zo, of the
Zo =
(12, + 0 122) = /(1:$ 13)
(a)
where 1 e
Zom =
(b) Fig. 6(a) Cross section distribution across (a); (c) of ridge waveguide; (b) curve of voltage (c) equivalent transmission line circuit.
~1 2cd
-cos@2+ e
. (14)
ba 1 h: sin9z+cos b~ ( b, r
h@c tan and ridges, az/al
Otan
2)
Because less than Because very fields, mined existing field the and The waveguide. width E the predominant, potential closely the from in the value that of capacitance found by the given process by (2) agrees equal is free with second of matching be deterfield the of are Based constructed double-ridge left-hand
the unity
ratios for
are
narrow
cos 02 is approximately
191/2 to 01/2.
20,
(14)
current
component, of the
approximated
distribution of
ridge over
(15)
2
In the derivation
follows,
W represents
same region,
()
and (13) the the nomograph of
Q the
electric at
(15) the
field plane
intensity 1 in Fig.
discontinuity. by
ZO~ and
ZO. For
6(c)
is given
waveguides, of the
of ZO found be multiplied
VI = V(I Cos e
and by the use of Gauss law = CdVO CO
02,
EXPERIMENTAL In the the development a double-ridge to maintain of the as follows: (7) and al=
= Q = C~Vl
magnetron, magnetron The meters 6w The meter rent magnetic is given for both field by sides H= strength, E~ZTE ridge of the H, and by in the ampere-turns longitudinal per curIRE,
cd
VII CO !!?2
dimensions were
E=
2b2 = 6. Eqs.
where
AC= 32 centimeters.
wavelength,
waveguides,
PROC.
19.57
Chen:
Calculation
of the
Parameters
of
Ridge
Waveguides
FORMULA:
Z.cc,.
20
Z*
Z.m ~
Ii
II
02 =
12
13 11--l#J
impedance
calculated
from
the
relation
in to the of Fig.
which
h is the
corresponding frequency, wavelength of 40 and as shown with (15) 30 in the and of of the were
Fig.
FREE-SPACE WAvELEt4GTH (N cEt4Tl METERs
a particular cavity the ridge 9 were length the 9.7 values characteristic used
wavelengths of &/2
6.6 inches,
respectively.
was
to
frequency
9Tuning curve for double-ridge cavity to be coupled to 10,Ir.ilowatt, 825-megacycle developmental tunable magnetron.
I
50