The Body Bibliography Biological Bodies Lynda Birke, Feminism and the Biological Body (New Brunswick: Rutgers

University Press, 1999). Ruth Bleier, Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and Its Theories on Women (New !rk: Perga"!n Press, 19#$). %usan B!rd! and &!nica Udvardy, '(he B!dy,) in New ictionary of the !istory of Ideas, ed. &aryanne *!r!wit+, ,!l. 1 (-etr!it: .harles %cri/ner0s %!ns, 1223), 142514#. 6a"es 7lkins, "ictures of the Body: "ain and #etamor$hosis (%tan8!rd, .9: %tan8!rd University Press, 1999). %te8an *irschauer, :(he &anu8acture !8 B!dies in %urgery,) Social Studies of Science 11 (1991), 1;95419. &ark %.R. 6enner and Bertrand <. (aithe, :(he *ist!ri!gra=hical B!dy,) in R!ger .!!ter > 6!hn Pickst!ne, edit!rs, #edicine in the Twentieth Century (9"sterda": *arw!!d 9cade"ic, 1222). Lud"illa 6!rdan!va, Nature is$layed: Gender% Science% and #edicine% &'()*&+,): -ssays (New !rk: L!ng"an, 1999). %higehisa ?uriya"a, The -.$ressi/eness of the Body and the i/ergence of Gree0 and Chinese #edicine (New !rk: @!ne B!!ks, 1999). 55555edit!r, The Imagination of the Body and the !istory of Bodily -.$erience (?y!t!: Anternati!nal Research .enter 8!r 6a=anese %tudies, 1221). 9nne"arie &!l, The Body #ulti$le: 1ntology in #edical "ractice (-urha": -uke University Press, 1221). -rew Leder, The A2sent Body (.hicag!: University !8 .hicag! Press, 1992). 55555The Body in #edical Thought and "ractice (B!st!n: ?luwer 9cade"ic Pu/lishers, 1991). -!r!thy Nelkin and &. %usan Lindee, :.reating Natural -istincti!ns,) in A 3ueer World: The Center for 4es2ian and Gay Studies 5eader% &artin -u/er"an (New !rk: New !rk University Press, 199;), 429541;. 6!n (urney and Brian Bal"er, :(he Benetic B!dy,) in edit!rs, R!ger .!!ter and 6!hn Pickst!ne, #edicine in the Twentieth Century (9"sterda", (he Netherlands: *arw!!d 9cade"ic Pu/lishers, 1222), 4995$13. Sexed and Gendered Bodies 9nne Balsa"!, Technologies of the Gendered Body: 5eading Cy2org Women (-urha": -uke University Press, 199C). %heri 9. Beren/au" and &elissa *ines, :7arly 9ndr!gens are Related t! .hildh!!d %eD5 (y=es (!y Pre8erences,) "sychological Science 4, 4 (1991), 124512C. *arry Berger, 6r., 'B!dies and (eDts,' 5e$resentations 1; (Einter 19#;), 1$$5CC. Lynda A.9. Birke, :An Pursuit !8 -i88erence: %cienti8ic %tudies !8 E!"en and &en,) in Bill ?irku= and Laurie %"ith ?eller, edit!rs, In/enting Women: Science% Technology and Gender (.a"/ridge: P!lity Press in ass!ciati!n with (he <=en University, 1991), $153C.

Bruce Burgett, Sentimental Bodies: Se.% Gender% and Citi6enshi$ in the -arly 5e$u2lic (Princet!n, N6: Princet!n University Press, 199#). .ar!line Ealker Bynu", Fragmentation and 5edem$tion: -ssays on Gender and the !uman Body in #edie/al 5eligion (New !rk: @!ne B!!ks, 1991). ?atie .!n/!y, Nadia &edina, and %arah %tan/ury, edit!rs, Writing on the Body: Female -m2odiment and Feminist Theory (New !rk: .!lu"/ia University Press, 199;). 7li+a/eth &add!ck -ill!n, :Nursing Fathers and Brides !8 .hrist: (he Fe"ini+ed B!dy !8 the Puritan .!nvert,) in 6anet &!rre Lind"an and &ichele Lise (arter, edit!rs, A Centre of Wonders: The Body in -arly America (Athaca: .!rnell University Press, 1221). 6ulia 7=stein and ?ristina %trau/, edit!rs, Body Guards: The Cultural "olitics of Gender Am2iguity (New !rk: R!utledge, 1991). 9nke 7hrhardt, et al, :Fetal 9ndr!gens and Fe"ale Bender Adentity in 7arly (reated 9ndr!genital %yndr!"e,) 7ohns !o$0ins #edical 7ournal 111 (19C#), 1C251C;. 9nke 9. 7hrhardt, F.L. *ein!, and &eyer5Bahl/urg, :788ects !8 Prenatal %eD *!r"!nes !n Bender5Related Behavi!r,) Science, New %eries, 111, $$##. (19#1), 14115 141#. 9nne Faust!5%terling, #yths of Gender: Biological Theories a2out Women and #en (New !rk: Basic B!!ks, 19#3). 55555Se.ing the Body: Gender "olitics and the Construction of Se.uality (New !rk: Basic B!!ks, 1222). 55555:(he Five %eDes, Ehy &ale and Fe"ale 9re N!t 7n!ugh,) Sciences, &archG9=ril 1994, 12513. .atherine Ballagher and (h!"as LaHueur, edit!rs, The #a0ing of the #odern Body: Se.uality and Society in the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 19#;). Patrick Beddes and 6. 9rthur (h!"s!n, The -/olution of Se. (L!nd!n: 1##9), 1CC51;1. 6. A"=erat!5&cBinley, R7 Peters!n, ( Bautier, and 7 %turla, :9ndr!gens and the 7v!luti!n !8 &ale Bender Adentity 9"!ng &ale Pseud!her"a=hr!dites,) New -ngland 7ournal of #edicine 422, i (19;9), 114454;. 55555Res=!nses t! :9ndr!gens and the 7v!luti!n !8 &ale Bender) New -ngland 7ournal of #edicine 421, ii (19;9), #495#$2. %tevi 6acks!n, :Anterchanges: Bender, %eDuality and *eter!seDuality: (he .!"=leDity (and li"its) !8 *eter!n!r"ativity,) Feminist Theory ; (122C). (h!"as LaHueur, #a0ing Se.: Body and Gender From the Gree0s to Freud (1992). %usan Lawrence and ?ae BendiDen, :*is and *ers: &ale and Fe"ale 9nat!"y in 9nat!"y (eDts 8!r U. %. &edical %tudents,) Social Science and #edicine 43 (1991), 913594$. 6!hn &!ney and 9nke 9. 7hrhardt, #an and Woman% Boy and Girl: The ifferentiation and imor$hism of Gender Identity from Conce$tion to #aturity (Balti"!re: 6!hns *!=kins University Press, 19;1). Nelly <udsh!!rn, Beyond the Natural Body: An Archeology of Se. !ormones (New !rk: R!utledge, 199$). 6anet Price and &argrit %hildrick, edit!rs, 8ital Signs: Feminist 5econfigurations of the Bio94ogical Body (7din/urgh: 7din/urgh University Press, 199#). 55555Feminist Theory and the Body (New !rk: R!utledge, 1999).

.elia R!/erts, :9 &atter !8 7"/!died Fact: %eD *!r"!nes and the *ist!ry !8 B!dies,) Feminist Theory 4, 1 (1221), ;51C. 55555:Bi!l!gical Behavi!rI *!r"!nes, Psych!l!gy, and %eD,) NWSA 7ournal 11, 4. Nancy Leys %te=an, :Race and Bender: (he R!le !8 9nal!gy in %cience.) in The 5acial -conomy of Science: Toward a emocratic Future, %andra *arding, ed. (Bl!!"ingt!n: Andiana University Press, 1994). R!/yn Eieg"an, :Anterchanges: *eter!n!r"ativity and the -esire 8!r Bender,) Feminist Theory ; (122C). Racialized Bodies 9rtur! 6. 9lda"a, 8iolence and the Body: 5ace% Gender% and the State (Bl!!"ingt!n: Andiana University Press, 1224). 6!se=h %. 9lter, Gandhi:s Body: Se.% iet% and the "olitics of Nationalism (Philadel=hia: University !8 Pennsylvania Press, 1222). Earwick 9nders!n, :(he (hird5E!rld B!dy,) in R!ger .!!ter > 6!hn Pickst!ne, edit!rs, #edicine in the Twentieth Century (9"sterda": *arw!!d 9cade"ic, 1222). -!ra 9=el, :(!rture .ulture: Lynching Ph!t!gra=hs and the A"ages !8 9/u Bhrai/,) Art 7ournal C$ (1223), #95122. Lee -. Baker, From Sa/age to Negro: Anthro$ology and the Construction of 5ace% &+;(* &;<= (Berkeley: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 199#). &ichael Ba"shad and %teve 7. <ls!n, :-!es Race 7DistI) Scientific American (-ece"/er 1224), ;#5#3. Francis Barker, The Tremulous "ri/ate Body: -ssays on Su2>ection (New !rk: &ethuen, 19#$). &ichael Bennett, ,anessa -. -ickers!n, edit!rs, 5eco/ering the Blac0 Female Body: Self*5e$resentations 2y African American Women (New Brunswick, N.6.: Rutgers University Press, 1221). Lundy Braun, :%=ir!"etry, &easure"ent, and Race in the Nineteenth .entury,) 7ournal of the !istory of #edicine and Allied Sciences C2, 1 (1223), 14351C9. &ichelle Brattain, :&iscegenati!n and .!"=eting -e8initi!ns !8 Race in (wentieth5 .entury L!uisiana,) The 7ournal of Southern !istory ;1, 4 (9ugust 1223), C115 C3#. 7ls=eth *. Br!wn, :Racialising the ,irile B!dy: 7adweard &uy/ridgeJs L!c!"!ti!n %tudies 1##451##;,) Gender ? Society 1;, 4 (N!ve"/er 1223), C1;5C3C. Byr!n Burkhalter, :Reading Race <nline: -isc!vering Racial Adentity in Usenet -iscussi!n,) in &arc 9. %"ith and Peter ?!ll!ck, edit!rs, Communities in Cy2ers$ace (New !rk: R!utledge, 1999), C25;3. %a"uel 9. .artwright, :-iseases and Peculiarities !8 the Negr! Race,) eBow:s 5e/iew% 1#31. 6!yce 7. .ha=lin, Su2>ect #atter: Technology% the Body% and Science on the Anglo* American Frontier% &<))*&('( (.a"/ridge, &9: *arvard University Press, 1221). 55555:Natural Phil!s!=hy and an 7arly Racial Adi!" in N!rth 9"erica: .!"=aring 7nglish and Andian B!dies,) William and #ary 3uarterly 3$ (199;), 1195131. 3

7ileen B!ris, : !u E!uldnJt Eant <ne !8 K7" -ancing Eith !ur Ei8e: Raciali+ed B!dies !n the 6!/ in E!rld Ear AA,) American 3uarterly 32 (199#), ;;512#. 6ared -ia"!nd, 'Race Eith!ut .!l!r,' isco/er #aga6ine (N!ve"/er 199$), #15#9. 9nn -ucille, :<thered &atters: Rec!nce=tuali+ing -!"inance and -i88erence in the *ist!ry !8 %eDuality in 9"erica,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality 1, 1 (1992), 121511;. &aria Farland, :E.7.B. -uB!is, 9nthr!=!"etric %cience, and the Li"its !8 Racial U=li8t,) American 3uarterly 3#, $ (122C), 121;512$$. .atherine Ballagher, :(he B!dy ,ersus the %!cial B!dy in the E!rks !8 (h!"as &althus and *enry &ayhew,) 5e$resentations, $, (%=ring 19#C), #4512C. %ander L. Bil"an, :Black B!dies, Ehite B!dies: (!ward an Ac!n!gra=hy !8 Fe"ale %eDuality in Late Nineteenth .entury 9rt, &edicine and Literature,) in 7dit!r, *enry L!uis Bates 6r., 5ace% Writing and ifference (.hicag!: University !8 .hicag! Press, 19#C). 55555The 7ew:s Body (New !rk: R!utledge, 1991). 6!se=h L. Braves, :Ehat Ee ?n!w and Ehat Ee -!nJt ?n!w: *u"an Benetic ,ariati!n and the %!cial .!nstructi!n !8 Race,) 5ace and Genomics (htt=:GGraceandgen!"ics.ssrc.!rgGBravesG) 55555The -m$eror:s New Clothes: Biological Theories of 5ace at the #illennium (New Brunswick, N6: Rutgers University Press, 1221). 6!se=h L. Braves, 6r. and 9"anda 6!hns!n, :(he Pseud!science !8 Psych!"etry and (he Bell .urve,) The 7ournal of Negro -ducation, C$, 4, (%u""er 1993), 1;;519$. Brace 7li+a/eth *ale, #a0ing Whiteness: The Culture of Segregation in the South% &+;)* &;=) (New !rk: ,intage B!!ks, 199#). &atthew Frye 6ac!/s!n, Whiteness of a ifferent Color: -uro$ean Immigrants and the Alchemy of 5ace (.a"/ridge, &9: *arvard University Press, 199#). 6!yce ?a=lan, :Natural Phil!s!=hy and an 7arly Racial Adi!" in N!rth 9"erica: .!"=aring 7nglish and Andian B!dies, :William and #ary 3uarterly 3$ (199;), 1195131. (erri ?a=salis, "u2lic "ri/ates: "erforming Gynecology from Both -nds of the S$eculum (-urha": -uke University Press, 199;). @ine &agu/ane, :Ehich B!dies &atterI Fe"inis", P!ststructuralis", Race and the .uri!us (he!retical <dyssey !8 the :*!ttent!t ,enus),) Gender ? Society 13, C (1221), #1C5#4$. %ally &ark!wit+, :Pelvic P!litics: %eDual -i"!r=his" and Racial -i88erence,) Signs: 7ournal of Culture and Society 1C, 1 (1221), 4#95$1$. A. &!ntagu, #an:s #ost angerous #yth: The Fallacy of 5ace (New !rk: *ar=er and Br!thers Pu/lishers, 1931). -iane &. Nels!n, A Finger in the Wound: Body "olitics in 3uincentennial Guatemala (Berkeley, .9: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1999). Pasc!e, Peggy, :&iscegenati!n Law, .!urt .ases, 9nd Ade!l!gies <8 'Race' An (wentieth5.entury 9"erica,) 7ournal of American !istory #4 (199C), $$5C9. 6enny Reard!n, :-ec!ding Race and *u"an -i88erence in a Ben!"ic 9ge,) ifferences: A 7ournal of Feminist Cultural Studies 13, 4 (122$). -avid R. R!ediger, The Wages of Whiteness: 5ace and the #a0ing of the American Wor0ing Class (New !rk: ,ers!, 1999).

55555:Buineas, Eiggers, and the -ra"as !8 Raciali+ed .ulture,) American 4iterary !istory, ;, $. (Einter 1993), C3$5CC#. 9rthur %aint59u/in, :9 Bra""ar !8 Black &asculinity: 9 B!dy !8 %cience,) 7ournal of #en:s Studies 12, 4 (1221), 1$;. Nayan %hah, Contagious i/ides: -$idemics and 5ace in San Francisco:s Chinatown (Berkeley, .9: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1221). Nancy %h!e"aker, A Strange 4i0eness: Becoming 5ed and White in -ighteenth*Century North America (New !rk: <D8!rd University Press, 122$). 55555:B!dy Language: (he B!dy as a %!urce !8 %a"eness and -i88erence in 7ighteenth5.entury 9"erican Andian -i=l!"acy 7ast !8 the &ississi==i,) in 6anet &!rre Lind"an and &ichele Lise (arter, edit!rs, A Centre of Wonders: The Body in -arly America (Athaca, N : .!rnell University Press, 1221). 55555:*!w Andians B!t t! /e Red,) The American !istorical 5e/iew, 121, 4. (6une 199;), C135C$$. %i!/han B. %!"erville, 3ueering the Color 4ine: 5ace and the In/ention of !omose.uality in American Culture (-urha" N.: -uke University Press, 1222). 6enni8er &. %=ear, :.lean !8 Bl!!d, Eith!ut %tain !r &iDture: Bl!!d, Race, and %eDuality in %=anish L!uisiana,) in 6anet &!rre Lind"an and &ichele Lise (arter, edit!rs, A Centre of Wonders: The Body in -arly America (Athaca, N : .!rnell University Press, 1221). Ada B. Eells5Barnett, A 5ed 5ecord (.hicag!, 1#9$). 7. Frances Ehite, ar0 Continent of 1ur Bodies: Blac0 Feminism and the "olitics of 5es$ecta2ility (Philadel=hia: (e"=le University Press, 1221). %hane Ehite and Braha" 6. Ehite, Stylin:: African American -.$ressi/e Culture from its Beginnings to the @oot Suit (Athaca, N : .!rnell University Press, 199#). 55555:%lave *air and 98rican 9"erican .ulture in the 7ighteenth and Nineteenth .enturies,) The 7ournal of Southern !istory C1, 1 (1993), $35;C. B!/ Eing, :.r!ssing Race and Nati!nality: (he Racial F!r"ati!n !8 9sian 9"ericans, 1#31519C3,) #onthly 5e/iew 3; (1223), 151#. Feminine Bodies Natalie 9ngier, Woman: An Intimate Geogra$hy (New !rk: 9nch!r B!!ks, 1222). 9"y %ue BiD, :7ngendering 9lternatives: E!"enJs *ealth .are .h!ices and Fe"inist &edical Re/elli!ns,) R!/ert -. 6!hnst!n, 7dit!r, The "olitics of !ealing: !istories of Alternati/e #edicine in Twentieth*Century North America (New !rk: R!utledge, 122$). %usan B!rd!, An2eara2le Weight: Feminism% Western Culture% and the Body (Berkeley, .9: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1994). ,irginia Braun and .elia ?it+inger, :%natch,) :*!le,) !r :*!ney5=!t,)I %e"antic .ateg!ries and the Pr!/le" !8 N!ns=eci8icity in Fe"ale Benital %lang,) The 7ournal of Se. 5esearch 4#, 1 (1221), 1$C513#. 6!an 6ac!/s Bru"/erg, The Body "ro>ect: An Intimate !istory of American Girls (New !rk: ,intage B!!ks, 199#). .ar!l 6. .l!ver, '*er B!dy, *i"sel8: Bender in the %lasher Fil",' 5e$resentations 12 (Fall 19#;), 1#;511#. <dine de Bu+"an, Body "olitics: -ssays on Cultural 5e$resentations of Women:s Bodies 5

(Lue+!n .ity: UP5.enter 8!r E!"enJs %tudies, F!rd F!undati!n, 1221). Lesley -ean56!nes, Women:s Bodies in Classical Gree0 Science (<D8!rd: <D8!rd University Press, 199$). Patricia F!ster, #inding the Body: Women Writers on Body and Soul (New !rk: 9nch!r B!!ks, 199$). .harl!tte Furth, :Bl!!d, B!dy and Bender: &edical A"ages !8 the Fe"ale .!nditi!n in .hina, 1C2251#32,) Chinese Science ; (19#C), $45CC. Fi!na Biles, :(he (ears !8 Lacter!s: Antegrating the &eanings !8 the *u"an Breast,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). Laurence B!ldstein, edit!r, The Female Body: Figures% Styles% S$eculations (9nn 9r/!r, &A: University !8 &ichigan Press, 1991). Beverly B!rd!n, :E!"anJs -!"estic B!dy: (he .!nce=tual .!n8lati!n !8 E!"en and Anteri!rs in the Andustrial 9ge,) Winterthur "ortfolio 41, $ (199C), 1#15421. (assie Bwillia", :Fe"ale Fraud: .!unter8eit &aidenheads in the 7ighteenth .entury,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality C, $ (199C), 31#53$#. 6!hn *!/er"an, :(he Pri"itive Pelvis: (he R!le !8 Racial F!lkl!re in </stetrics and Bynec!l!gy during the (wentieth5.entury,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). 6udith 9. *!uck, !ot and Bothered: Women% #edicine% and #eno$ause in #odern America (.a"/ridge: *arvard University Press, 122C). 9lis!n &. 6aggar and %usan R. B!rd!, edit!rs, Gender92ody90nowledge: Feminist 5econstructions of Being and Bnowing (New Brunswick, N6: Rutgers University Press, 19#9). *elen ?ing, !i$$ocrates: Women: 5eading the Female Body in Ancient Greece (New !rk: R!utledge, 199#). <live Richards Landers, : !u and !ur L!!ks,) in The #odern !and2oo0 for Girls (New !rk: B!!ks Anc, 1944), 125$1. 6anet Lee, :&enarche and the (*eter!)%eDuali+ati!n !8 the Fe"ale B!dy,) Gender ? Society #, 4 (199$), 4$45C1. Eillia" *!ward Lee, Confidential Chats With Girls (New !rk: 7dward 6. .l!de, 1911), 1$541. 7lana Levine, :*aving a Fe"ale B!dy -!esnJt &ake !u Fe"inine: Fe"inine *ygiene 9dvertising and 19;2s (elevisi!n,) The 8el/et 4ight Tra$ (1221): 4C5$;. Linda L!"=eris and %arah %tan/ury, edit!rs, Feminist A$$roaches to the Body in #edie/al 4iterature (Philadel=hia: University !8 Pennsylvania Press, 1994). Fedwa &alti5-!uglas, #edicines of the Soul: Female Bodies and Sacred Geogra$hies in a Transnational Islam (Berkeley, .9: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1221). 55555Woman:s Body% Woman:s Word: Gender and iscourse in Ara2o*Islamic Writing (Princet!n, N6: Princet!n University Press, 1991). Blenn &cBee, :N! &!re Peri!ds M Peri!d: *u"an Nature and the end !8 &enstruati!n,) The Scientist (6une 122;). R!/erta &cBrath, Seeing !er Se.: #edical Archi/es and the Female Body (&anchester: &anchester University Press, 1221). 7li+a/eth Reis, :(he -evil, the B!dy, and the Fe"inine %!ul in Puritan New 7ngland,)

The 7ournal of American !istory #1, 1 (6une 1993), 1354C. Nancy %che=er5*ughes, :,irgin (errit!ry: (he &ale -isc!very !8 the .lit!ris,) #edical Anthro$ology 3uarterly 3, 1 (&arch 1991), 1351#. L!nda %chie/inger, edit!r, Feminism and the Body (New !rk: <D8!rd University Press, 1222). -----The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Sex in Eighteenth-Century Science, Eighteenth-Century Studies 23, , !Summer "##$%, 3&'- $() -----S*e+eton, in the C+o,et: The -ir,t .++u,tration, of the -ema+e S*e+eton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy,Representations, " !S/ring "#&0%, 2-&2) 7li+a/eth ,. %=el"an, :E!"an as B!dy: 9ncient and .!nte"=!rary ,iews,) Feminist Studies #, 1 (19#1), 1295141. ,alerie (rau/, :(he Psych!"!r=h!l!gy !8 the .lit!ris,) G43: A 7ournal of 4es2ian and Gay Studies 1 (1993), #15114. 6acHueline Urla and 9lan .. %wedlund, :(he 9nthr!=!"etry !8 Bar/ie: Unsettling Adeals !8 the Fe"inine B!dy in P!=ular .ulture,) in 6enni8er (erry and 6acHueline Urla, edit!rs, e/iant Bodies: Critical "ers$ecti/es on ifference in Science and "o$ular Culture (Bl!!"ingt!n: Andiana University Press, 1993). &artha *. ,er/rugge, A2le*Bodied Womanhood: "ersonal !ealth and Social Change in Nineteenth*Century Boston (New !rk: <D8!rd University Press, 19##). 55555:Recreating the B!dy: E!"en0s Physical 7ducati!n and the %cience !8 %eD -i88erences in 9"erica, 1922519$2,) Bulletin of the !istory of #edicine ;1, 1 (199;), 1;4542$. R!se Eeit+, edit!r, The "olitics of Women:s Bodies: Se.uality% A$$earance% and Beha/ior (New !rk: <D8!rd University Press, 199#). &ary E!!d59llen, What a Coung Girl 1ught to Bnow (Philadel=hia: ,ir Pu/lishing .!., 192$), 1;151#;. 55555What a Coung Woman 1ught to Bnow (Philadel=hia: ,ir Pu/lishing .!., 192$), 123511C. Masculine Bodies Eillia" 9. 9lc!tt, Familiar 4etters to Coung #en on 8arious Su2>ects (Bu88al!, 1#$9), eDcer=ts. Bail Beder"an, '(he!d!re R!!sevelt: &anh!!d, Nati!n and 0.ivili+ati!n,0' in #anliness and Ci/ili6ation: A Cultural !istory of Gender and 5ace in the Anited States% &++)*&;&' (.hicag!: University !8 .hicag! Press, 1993), 1;25113. 55555#anliness and Ci/ili6ation: A Cultural !istory of Gender and 5ace in the Anited States% &++)*&;&' (.hicag!: University !8 .hicag! Press, 1993). %usan B!rd!, The #ale Body: A New 4oo0 at #en in "u2lic and in "ri/ate (New !rk: Farrar, %traus and Bir!uD, 1999). .hrist!=her 7. F!rth, :Buts and &anh!!d: (he .ulture !8 the 9/d!"en in &!dern France,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). -avid L. B!llaher, :Fr!" Ritual t! %cience: (he &edical (rans8!r"ati!n !8 .ircu"cisi!n in 9"erica,) 7ournal of Social !istory 1#, 1 (199$) 354C. 7

Laura -avid! *irsch/ein, :(he Blandular %!luti!n: %eD, &asculinity, and 9ging in the 1912s,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality 9 (1222), 1;;542$. 6!hn F. ?ass!n, !oudini% Tar6an% and the "erfect #an: The White #ale Body and The Challenge of #odernity in America (New !rk: *ill and Eang, 1221). &ichael %. ?i""el, :.!nsu"ing &anh!!d: (he Fe"ini+ati!n !8 9"erican .ulture and the Recreati!n !8 the &ale B!dy, 1#4151912,) #ichigan 3uarterly 5e/iew, 44 (199$), ;54C. 555555#anhood in America: A Cultural !istory (New !rk: Free Press, 199C). 9leDandra &. L!rd, :&!dels !8 &asculinity: %eD 7ducati!n, the United %tates Pu/lic *ealth %ervice, and the &.9, 19195191$,) 7ournal of the !istory of #edicine 3# (1224), 1145131. Bernarr &acFadden, The 8irile "owers of Su$er2 #anhood (New !rk: Physical .ulture Pu/lishing .!., 1922), eDcer=ts. Eillia" 9. &c?eever, Training the Boy (New !rk: &ac"illan, 1914). Nelly <udsh!!rn, :<n &asculinities, (echn!l!gies, and Pain: (he (esting !8 &ale .!ntrace=tives in the .linic and the &edia,) Science% Technology% ? !uman 8alues 1$, 1. (%=ring 1999), 1C351#9. Bail Pat Pars!ns, :7Hual (reat"ent 8!r 9ll: 9"erican &edical Re"edies 8!r &ale %eDual Pr!/le"s: 1#3251922,) 7ournal of the !istory of #edicine (19;;), 335;1. %te=hen R!/erts!n, :B!ys, !8 .!urse, .ann!t /e Ra=edJ: 9ge, *!"!seDuality and the Rede8initi!n !8 %eDual ,i!lence in New !rk .ity, 1##251933,) Gender ? !istory, 1#, 1 (9ugust 122C), 43;54;9. ,ern!n R!sari!, :Phallic Per8!r"ance: Phall!=lasty and the (echniHues !8 %eD,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). 7ve ?!s!8sky %edgewick, :*!w t! Bring !ur ?ids u= Bay: (he Ear !n 788e"inate B!ys,) in Tendencies (-urha": -uke University Press, 1994). (!dd -. %"ith, :(he Pr!/le"atics !8 9/sence: L!!king 8!r the &ale B!dy in the Ear !8 1#11,) in 6anet &!rre Lind"an and &ichele Lise (arter, edit!rs, A Centre of Wonders: The Body in -arly America (Athaca: .!rnell University Press, 1221). Le!n!re (ie8er, :(he &edicali+ati!n !8 A"=!tence: N!r"ali+ing Phall!centris",) Gender and Society # (199$): 4C454;;. Nancy (uana, edit!r, 5e/ealing #ale Bodies (Bl!!"ingt!n: Andiana University Press, 1221). v!nne Eiegers, :&ale B!dy/uilding: (he %!cial .!nstructi!n !8 a &asculine Adentity,) 7ournal of "o$ular Culture 41 (199#), 1$;51C1. Sexual Bodies Eillia" 9. 9lc!tt, :Physical Laws !8 &arriage,) in The "hysiology of #arriage (B!st!n, 1#CC), 111511;. 6esse F. Battan, :(he KRightsJ !8 *us/ands and the K-utiesJ !8 Eives: P!wer and -esire in the 9"erican Bedr!!", 1#3251912,) 7ournal of Family !istory 1$ (1999), 1C351#C. ,ern Bull!ugh, '(he -evel!="ent !8 %eD!l!gy in the U%9 in the 7arly (wentieth .entury,' in R!y P!rter and &ikulNs (eich, edit!rs, Se.ual Bnowledge% Se.ual Science: The !istory of Attitudes to Se.uality (New !rk: .a"/ridge University 8

Press, 199$), 4245411. 7dward *. .lark, Se. in -ducation% 1r a Fair Chance for the Girls (B!st!n: 6a"es R. <sg!!d and .!"=any, 1#;4). Patrick Beddes and 6. 9rthur (h!"s!n, The -/olution of Se. (L!nd!n: 1##9). Philli= 9. Bi//s, :%el85c!ntr!l and &ale %eDuality in the 9dvice Literature !8 Nineteenth .entury 9"erica, 1#4251#C2,) 7ournal of American Culture 9, 1 (19#C), 4;5$1. 6!hn %. *aller, :Fr!" &aidenh!!d t! &en!=ause: %eD 7ducati!n 8!r E!"en in ,ict!rian 9"erica, :7ournal of "o$ular Culture C (19;1), $95C9. 7velyn &. *a""!nds, :(!ward a Beneal!gy !8 Black Fe"ale %eDuality: (he Pr!/le"atic !8 %ilence,) in 6anet Price and &argrit %hildrick, edit!rs, Feminist Theory and the Body: A 5eader (New !rk: R!utledge, 1999), 94512$. ?ate ?rug, :E!"en <vulate, &en %=er"ate: 7li+a/eth Blackwell as a Fe"inist Physi!l!gist,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality ;, 1 (199C), 315;1. 7li+a/eth Lun/eck, :K9 New Benerati!n !8 E!"enJ: Pr!gressive Psychiatrists and the *y=erseDual Fe"ale,) in Women and !ealth in America% 1d ed., 6udith Eal+er Leavitt, ed. (University !8 Eisc!nsin Press, 1999), 11951$9. 7"ily &artin, :(he 7gg and the %=er": *!w %cience *as .!nstructed a R!"ance Based !n %tere!ty=ical &ale5Fe"ale R!les,) Signs, 1C, 4 (%=ring 1991), $#35321. 6e88rey P. &!ran, Teaching Se.: The Sha$ing of Adolescence in the ,)th Century (.a"/ridge, &9: *arvard University Press, 1222). 55555:&!dernis" B!ne &ad: %eD 7ducati!n .!"es t! .hicag!, 1914,) The 7ournal of American !istory #4, 1 (199C), $#15314. &ara/el &!rgan, The Total Woman (<ld (a==an, N.6: F. *. Revell, 19;4). 6essa"yn Neuhaus, :(he A"=!rtance !8 Being <rgas"ic: %eDuality, Bender and &arital %eD &anuals in the United %tates, 1912519C4,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality 9 (1222), $$;5$;4. Nelly <udsh!!rn, :<n the &aking !8 %eD *!r"!nes: Research &aterials and the Pr!ducti!n !8 ?n!wledge,) Social Studies of Science, 12, 1. (Fe/ruary 1992), 35 44. ?athryn %chwar+, :(he Er!ng Luesti!n: (hinking thr!ugh ,irginity,) ifferences: A 7ournal of Feminist Cultural Studies 14, 1 (1221), 154$. %teven %eid"an, :(he P!wer !8 -esire and the -anger !8 Pleasure: ,ict!rian %eDuality Rec!nsidered,) 7ournal of Social !istory 1$, 1 (1992), $;5C;. 55555:%eDual 9ttitudes !8 ,ict!rian and P!st5,ict!rian E!"en: 9n!ther L!!k at the &!sher %urvey,) 7ournal of American Studies 14, 1 (19#9), C#5;1. Bryan %tr!ng, :Adeas !8 the 7arly %eD 7ducati!n &!ve"ent in 9"erica, 1#9251912,) !istory of -ducation 3uarterly 11, 1 (19;1), 11951C1. Le!n!re (ie8er, :%!cial .!nstructi!nis" and the %tudy !8 *u"an %eDuality,) in Forms of esire: Se.ual 1rientation and the Social Constructionist Contro/ersy, ed, 7dward %tein (New !rk: Barland Pu/lishing, Anc. 1992), 193541$. Leigh 9nn Eheeler, :Rescuing %eD 8r!" Prudery and Prudence: 9"erican E!"enJs Use !8 %eD 7ducati!n as an 9ntid!te t! </scenity, 191351941,) 7ournal of Women:s !istory 11, 4 (1222), 1;45193. Sexually Deviant Bodies Barland 7. 9llen, :(he -!u/le 7dged %w!rd !8 Benetic -eter"inis": %!cial and 9

P!litical 9gendas in Benetic %tudies !8 *!"!seDuality, 19$25199$,) in Science and !omose.ualities (New !rk: R!utledge, 199;), 1$151;2. 6!hn .!la=int!, :(he (rue %t!ry !8 6!hnG6!an,) 5olling Stone -ece"/er 199;. Reviews !8 6!hn .!la=int!, As Nature #ade !im: the Boy Who Was 5aised As a Girl (New !rk) *ar=er.!llins, 1222) Archi/es of Se.ual Beha/ior 41 (1221), 4215 42#. Avan .r!+ier, '9ll the 9==earances Eere Per8ectly Natural': (he 9nus !8 the %!d!"ite in Nineteenth5.entury &edical -isc!urse,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). 9nke 7hrhardt et al, :Fetal 9ndr!gens and Fe"ale Bender Adentity in 7arly (reated 9ndr!genital %yndr!"e,) 7ohns !o$0ins #edical 7ournal 111 (19C#), 1C251C;. 6enni8er R. Fish"an and Laura &a"!, EhatJs in a -is!rder: 9 .ultural 9nalysis !8 &edical and Phar"aceutical !8 &ale and Fe"ale %eDual -ys8uncti!n,) Women and Thera$y 1$ (1221), 1;95194. 6. 9llen Bil/ert, :*!"!seDuality and Ats (reat"ent,) 7ournal of Ner/ous and #ental isorders 31 (1912), 19;5411. Aan *acking, :&aking U= Pe!=le,) in Forms of esire: Se.ual 1rientation and the Social Constructionist Contro/ersy (New !rk: R!utledge, 1992), C95##. Bernice L!uise *aus"an, Changing Se.: Transse.ualism% Technology% and the Idea of Gender (-urha", N.: -uke University Press, 1993). 55555:-e"anding %u/Oectivity: (ransseDualis", &edicine, and the (echn!l!gies !8 Bender,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality 4, 1 (1991). Bil/ert *erdt, Third Se.% Third Gender: Beyond Se.ual imor$hism in Culture and !istory (New !rk: @!ne B!!ks, 199$). %te=hanie *. ?enen, :Eh! .!unts Ehen !uJre .!unting *!"!seDualsI *!r"!nes and *!"!seDuality in &id5(wentieth .entury 9"erica,) in ,ern!n R!sari!, edit!r, Science and !omose.ualities (New !rk: R!utledge, 199;). 19;511#. 6anice &. Arvine, isorders of esire: Se.uality and Gender in #odern American Se.ology (Philadel=hia, P9: (e"=le University Press, 1223). 55555:Reinventing Perversi!n: %eD 9ddicti!n and .ultural 9nDieties,) 6!urnal !8 the *ist!ry !8 %eDuality 3, 4 (1993), $195$32. 55555:Regulated Passi!ns: (he Anventi!n !8 Anhi/ited %eDual -esire and %eD 9ddicti!n,) Social Te.t, 4; (Einter 1994), 124511C. BeertOe &ak, :-!u/ting %eD Fr!" Eithin: 9 Praci!gra=hic 9==r!ach t! a Late Nineteenth5.entury .ase !8 *er"a=hr!ditis",) Gender ? !istory 1#, 1 (9ugust 122C), 441543C. 6!anne &eyer!wit+, !ow Se. Changed: A !istory of Transse.uality in the Anited States (.a"/ridge, &9: *arvard University Press, 1221). 55555:%eD Research at the B!rders !8 Bender: (ransvestites, (ransseDuals, and 9l8red .. ?insey,) Bulletin of the !istory of #edicine ;3 (1221), ;1592. Nancy <rd!ver, American -ugenics: 5ace% 3ueer Anatomy% and the Science of Nationalism (&innea=!lis: University !8 &innes!ta Press, 1224). Nelly <udsh!!rn, Beyond the Natural Body: An Archaeology of Se. !ormones (New !rk: R!utledge, 199$). 555555:Fe"ale !r &ale: (he .lassi8icati!n !8 *!"!seDuality and Bender,) in 6!hn

10

P. -e .ecc!, and -avid 9llen Parker, edit!rs, Se.% Cells% an Same*Se. esire: The Biology of Se.ual "reference (Bingha"t!n, N : (he *aw!rth Press, 1993), ;95#C. Nayan %hah, :Between K<riental -e=ravityJ and KNatural -egeneratesJ: %=atial B!rderlands and the &aking !8 <rdinary 9"ericans,) American 3uarterly 3;, 4 (1223), ;245;13. -an <J.!nn!r, :P!tential %=ace, P!tential %eD: (he ,alue !8 the ,agina in (ransseDual 9ut!/i!gra=hy,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). ,ict!ria Pitts, :,isi/ly Lueer: B!dy (echn!l!gies and %eDual P!litics,) Sociological 3uarterly $1, 4 (1222), $$45$C$. 7li+a/eth Reis, :A"=!ssi/le *er"a=hr!dites: AnterseD in 9"erica, 1C12519C2,) The 7ournal of American !istory 91 (1223), $115$$1. %i!/han B. %!"erville, :%cienti8ic Racis" and the 7"ergence !8 the *!"!seDual B!dy,) 7ournal of the !istory of Se.uality 3, 1 (199$), 1$451CC. 6enni8er (erry, :9nDi!us %li==ages Between KUsJ and K(he"J: 9 Brie8 *ist!ry !8 the %cienti8ic %earch 8!r *!"!seDual B!dies.) in 6enni8er (erry and 6acHueline Urla, edit!rs, e/iant Bodies: Critical "ers$ecti/es on ifference in Science and "o$ular Culture, (Bl!!"ingt!n: Andiana University Press, 1993), 11951C9. Le!n!re (ie8er, :9 New ,iew !8 E!"enJs %eDual Pr!/le"s: Ehy NewI Ehy N!wI) 7ournal of Se. 5esearch 4# (1221), #9594. Religious Bodies Peter Br!wn, The Body and Society: #en% Women% and Se.ual 5enunciation in -arly Christianity (New !rk: .!lu"/ia University Press, 19##). 9"y -eR!gatis, :Ehat E!uld 6esus -!I %eDuality and %alvati!n in Pr!testant 7vangelical %eD &anuals, 1932s t! the Present,) Church !istory ;$, 1 (1223), 9;5 14;. 6anet &!!re Lind"an, :(he B!dy Ba=tist: 7"/!died %=irituality, Rituali+ati!n, and .hurch -isci=line in 7ighteenth5.entury 9"erica,) in A Centre of Wonders: The Body in -arly America (Athaca: .!rnell University Press, 1221), 1;;5192. R. &arie Bri88ith, Born Again Bodies: Flesh and S$irit in American Christianity (Berkeley: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 122$). 55555B!dy %alvati!n: New (h!ught, Father -ivine, and the Feast !8 &aterial Pleasures,) 5eligion and American Culture 11, 1. (%u""er, 1221), 1195134. -avid P. %etran, :F!ll!wing the Br!ad5%h!uldered 6esus: (he .!llege &.9 and the .ulture !8 &uscular .hristianity in 9"erican .a"=us Li8e, 1#925191$,) American -ducational !istory 7ournal 41 (1223), 395CC. Correctable Bodies 9lice -!"urat -reger, :-!u/t8ul %eD: (he Fate !8 the *er"a=hr!dite in ,ict!rian &edicine,) 8ictorian Studies (199#), 44354;2. 55555:J9"/igu!us %eDJ !r 9"/ivalent &edicine,) !astings Center 5e$ort (&ayG6une 199#), 1$543. 555555:Ehen &edicine B!es t! Far in the Pursuit !8 N!r"alcy,) New Cor0 Times

11

(1# 6uly 199#). 555555:Built (ri=s and the 9rt !8 Bla"ing &!" 8!r 7verything,) New Cor0 Times (4 N!ve"/er 199#). 555555!erma$hrodites and the #edical In/ention of Se. (.a"/ridge, &9: *arvard University Press, 199#). 555555, 1ne of Ase: Con>oined Twins and the Future of Normal (.a"/ridge: *arvard University Press, 122$). 5555edit!r, Interse. in the Age of -thics (*agerst!wn, &-: University Pu/. Br!u=, 1999). 6ulia 7=stein, :7itherG<r 5 NeitherGB!th: %eDual 9"/iguity and the Ade!l!gy !8 Bender,) Genders ; (1992), 9951$1. 6ulia 7=stein and ?ristina %trau/, edit!rs, Body Guards: The Cultural "olitics of Gender Am2iguity (New !rk: R!utledge, 1991). -e/ra L. Bi"lin, Body Wor0: Beauty and Self*Image in American Culture (Berkeley: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1221). Barry Blassner, Bodies: 1/ercoming the Tyranny of "erfection (L!s 9ngeles: L!well *!use, 1991). %te8an *irschauer, :(he &anu8acture !8 B!dies in %urgery,) Social Studies of Science 11 (1991), 1;95419. &!rgan *!l"es, :Re5"e"/ering a Lueer B!dy,) Andercurrents (&ay 199$), 11514. %u+anne 6. ?essler and Eendy &c?enna, :(he &edical .!nstructi!n !8 Bender: .ase &anage"ent !8 AnterseDed An8ants,) Signs 1C (1992), 451C. ?atherine <tt, -avid %erlin, and %te=hen &ih", edit!rs, Artificial "arts% "ractical 4i/es: #odern !istories of "rosthetics (New !rk: New !rk University Press, 1221). &arie5.hristine P!uchelle, The Body and Surgery in the #iddle Ages (New 6ersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992). 7li+a/eth Reis, :A"=!ssi/le *er"a=hr!dites: AnterseD in 9"erica, 1C12519C2,) The 7ournal of American !istory (1223), $115$$1. -avid %erlin, 5e$lacea2le Cou: -ngineering the Body in "ostwar America (.hicag!: .hicag! University Press, 122$). 9nna Eils!n, :%eDing the *yena: Antras=ecies Readings !8 the Fe"ale Phallus,) Signs: 7ournal of Women in Culture and Society 1#, 4 (1224). Phili= ?. Eils!n, :7ighteenth5.entury '&!nsters' and Nineteenth5.entury 'Freaks': Reading the &aternally &arked .hild,) 4iterature and #edicine 11, 1 (1221), 15 13. !lastic Bodies 9nne Balsa"!, :<n the .utting 7dge: .!s"etic %urgery and the (echn!l!gical Pr!ducti!n !8 the Bendered B!dy,) Camera 12scura 1# (1991), 12C54;. .ar!lyn Eard .!"iskey, 'A Eill ?ill &ysel8 ... i8 A have t! ?ee= &y Fat .alvesP': Legs and .!s"etic %urgery in Paris in 191C,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). ?athy -avis, :%urgical Passing: <r Ehy &ichael 6acks!nJs N!se &akes :us) Uneasy,) Feminist Theory $, 1 (1224), ;4591. 555555esha$ing the Female Body: The ilemma of Cosmetic Surgery (New !rk: 12

R!utledge, 1993). 6ill Fields, :KFighting the .!rsetless 7vilJ: %ha=ing .!rsets and .ulture, 192251942,) 7ournal of Women:s !istory (1999), 43354#$. %ander L. Bil"an, #a0ing the Body Beautiful: A Cultural !istory of Aesthetic Surgery (Princet!n: Princet!n University Press, 1999). 7li+a/eth *aiken, 8enus -n/y: A !istory of Cosmetic Surgery (Balti"!re: 6!hns *!=kins University Press, 199;). -avid %erlin, 5e$lacea2le Cou: -ngineering the Body in "ostwar America (.hicag!: University !8 .hicag! Press, 1221). Lauren %later, :-r. -aedalus,) !ar$er:s #aga6ine% 6uly 1221, 3;5C;. Peter %tearns, :(he &is!gynist Phase: 1912s519C2s,) in Fat !istory: Bodies and Beauty in the #odern West (New !rk: New !rk University Press, 199;, 1221), ;159;. 6ulie %+e, :B!undaries and B!rder Ears: -7%, (echn!l!gy, and 7nvir!n"ental 6ustice,) American 3uarterly 3#, 4 (122C), ;915#1$. Fit Bodies 7dward Frank 9llen, Bee$ing 1ur Fighters Fit for War and After (New !rk: .entury, 191#). 9nne 7. Becker, Body% Self% and Society: The 8iew from Fi>i (Philadel=hia: University !8 Pennsylvania Press, 1993). &!rris Ber"an, Coming to 1ur Senses: Body and S$irit in the !idden !istory of the West (New !rk: %i"!n and %chuster, 19#9). 9nna .arden5.!yne, :Fr!" Pieces t! Eh!le: (he %eDuali+ati!n !8 &uscles in P!stwar B!dy/uilding,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). *arvey Breen, 'Living the %trenu!us Li8e,' in Fit for American: !ealth% Fitness% S$ort and American Society (New !rk: Panthe!n B!!k, 19#C), 119513#. 9lan &. ?lein, Little Big #en: Body2uilding Su2culture and Gender Construction (9l/any, N : %tate University !8 New !rk Press, 1994). &argaret 9. L!we, :Fir 8!r 9cade"ia: Baining P!unds, ,ig!r, and ,irtue,) in 4oo0ing Good: College Women and Body Image% &+'<*&;D) (Balti"!re: 6!hns *!=kins University Press, 1224), 19534. 7"ily &artin, Fle.i2le Bodies: The 5ole of Immunity in American Culture from the days of "olio to the Age of AI S (B!st!n: Beac!n Press, 199$). 55555:(he 7nd !8 the B!dyI) American -thnologist 19, 1 (Fe/ruary 1991), 1115 1$2. .ar!lyn (h!"as de la Pena, :-esigning the 7lectric B!dy: %eDuality, &asculinity and the 7lectric Belt in 9"erica, 1##251912,) 7ournal of esign !istory 1$ (1221), 1;351#9. &artha ,er/rugge, :%tr!nger in B!dy as Eell as in &ind,) in A2le*Bodied Womanhood (New !rk: <D8!rd University Press, 19##), 14951C1. "n#it Bodies -!uglas .. Baynt!n, :-e8ectives in the Land: -isa/ility and 9"erican A""igrati!n P!licy, 1##15191$,) 7ournal of American -thnic !istory (%=ring 1223), 415$$.

13

Brenda 6! Bruegge"ann, :<n (9l"!st) Passing,) College -nglish 39, C (<ct., 199;), C$;5CC2. 55555:(he .!"ing !ut !8 -ea8 .ulture and 9"erican %ign Language: 9n 7D=l!rati!n int! ,isual Rhet!ric and Literacy,) 5hetoric 5e/iew 14, 1 (%=ring 1993), $295$12. R.9.R. 7dwards, :%!und and FuryQ !r, &uch 9d! a/!ut N!thingI .!chlear A"=lants in *ist!rical Pers=ective,) 7ournal of American !istory (1223), #915912. Belya Frank, :<n 7"/!di"ent: 9 .ase %tudy !8 .!ngenital Li"/ -e8iciency in 9"erican .ulture,) Culture% #edicine% and "sychiatry 12 (19#C), 1#95119. R!/ert Barland, The -ye of the Beholder: eformity and isa2ility in the Greco*5oman World (Athaca, N : .!rnell University Press, 1993). 9lis!n ?a8er, :.!"=uls!ry B!dies: Re8lecti!ns !n *eter!seDuality and 9/le5 /!diedness,) 7ournal of Women:s !istory 13, 4 (9utu"n 1224). -avid 9. Ber/er, :-isa/led ,eterans, (he %tate, and the 7D=erience !8 -isa/ility in Eestern %!cieties, 191$51932,) 7ournal of Social !istory 4C, $ (%u""er 1224). R!/ert F. 6e88ers!n, :7na/led .!urage): Race, -isa/ility, and Black E!rld Ear AA ,eterans in P!stwar 9"erica,) 7ournal of Social !istory 4C, $ (%u""er 1224). *arriet &cBryde 6!hns!n, :Uns=eaka/le .!nversati!ns !r *!w A %=ent <ne -ay as a (!ken .ri==le at Princet!n University,) New Cor0 Times #aga6ine (Fe/ruary 1C, 1224), 32. Paul ?. L!ng"!re and -avid B!ld/erger, :(he League !8 the Physically *andica==ed and the Breat -e=ressi!n: 9 .ase %tudy in the New -isa/ility *ist!ry,) The 7ournal of American !istory #;, 4 (-ec., 1222), ###5911. Paul ?. L!ng"!re and Lauri U"ansky, edit!rs, The New isa2ility !istory: American "ers$ecti/es (New !rk: New !rk University Press, 1221). R!/ert &cReuer, :Ee Eere Never Adenti8ied: Fe"inis", Lueer (he!ry, and a -isa/led E!rld,) 5adical !istory 5e/iew 9$ (Einter 122C), 1$#53$. Natalia &!lina, :&edicali+ing the &eDican: A""igrati!n, Race, and -isa/ility in the 7arly5(wentieth5.entury United %tates,) 5adical !istory 5e/iew 9$ (122C), 115 4;. Paul P!=en!e and R!swell *ill 6!hns!n, A$$lied -ugenics (New !rk: &ac"illan, 191#). (hur"an B. Rice, 5acial !ygiene: A "ractice iscussion of -ugenics and 5ace Culture (New !rk: &ac"illan, 191#). %har!n L. %nyder, Brenda 6! Bruegge"ann, and R!se"arie Barland5(h!"s!n, edit!rs, isa2ility Studies: -na2ling the !umanities (New !rk: &!dern Language 9ss!ciati!n !8 9"erica, 1221). %har!n L. %nyder and -avid (. &itchell, :<ut !8 the 9shes !8 7ugenics: -iagn!stic Regi"es in the United %tates and the &aking !8 a -isa/ility &in!rity,) "atterns of "re>udice 4C, 1 (1221). Peter N. %tearns, Fat !istory: Bodies and Beauty in the #odern West (New !rk: New !rk University Press, 199;). R!se"arie Barland (h!"s!n, :(he .ultural E!rk !8 9"erican Freak %h!ws, 1#435 19$2,) in -.traordinary Bodies (New !rk: .!lu"/ia University Press, 199;), 335#2. R!se"arie Barland (h!"s!n, edit!r, Frea0ery: Cultural S$ectacles of the -.traordinary

14

Body (New !rk: New !rk University Press, 199C). %usan Eendell, :Fe"inis", -isa/ility, and the (ranscendence !8 the B!dy,) in The 5e>ected Body: Feminist "hiloso$hical 5eflections on isa2ility (New !rk: R!utledge, 199C). Reproductive Bodies 6!el (. Brasl!w, :An the Na"e !8 (hera=eutics: (he Practice !8 %terili+ati!n in a .ali8!rnia %tate *!s=ital,) 7ournal of the !istory of #edicine 31 (199C), 19531. 9dele 7. .larke, :Research &aterials and Re=r!ductive %cience in the United %tates, 1912519$2,) in %usan Leigh %tar, 7dit!r, -cologies of Bnowledge: Wor0 and "olitics in Science and Technology (9l/any: %tate University !8 New !rk Press, 1993). .harl!tte Furth, :Fr!" Birth t! Birth: (he Br!wing B!dy in .hinese &edicine,) in 9nne Behnke ?inney, edit!r Chinese 8iews of Childhood (*!n!lulu: University !8 *awaii Press, 1993), 13;5191. 9ngela Bugli!tta, :-r. %har= with his Little ?ni8e: (hera=eutic and Punitive <rigins !8 7ugenic ,asect!"y 5 Andiana, 1#9151911,) 7ournal of the !istory of #edicine 34 (199#), 4;15$2C. %usan 7. ?le==, :Rev!luti!nary B!dies: E!"en and the Fertility (ransiti!n in the &id5 9tlantic Regi!n, 1;C251#12,) The 7ournal of American !istory #3, 4 (199#), 9125 9$3. Eendy ?line, Building a Better 5ace: Gender% Se.uality% and -ugenics from the Turn of the Century to the Ba2y Boom (Berkeley: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1221). (h!"as LaHueur, :<rgas", Benerati!n, and the P!litics !8 Re=r!ductive Bi!l!gy,) 5e$resentations 1$, (%=ring, 19#C), 15$1. 7"ily &artin, The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of 5e$roduction (B!st!n: Beac!n Press, 1991). ?atha P!llitt, :Fetal Rights, E!"enJs Er!ngs,) in 5easona2le Creatures: -ssays on Women and Feminism (New !rk: ?n!=8, 199$), 1C951#C. Rayna Ra==, Testing Women% Testing the Fetus: The Social Im$act of Amniocentesis in America (New !rk: R!utledge, 1222). -!r!thy R!/erts, :Re=r!ducti!n in B!ndage,) in Billing the Blac0 Body: 5ace% 5e$roduction and the #eaning of 4i2erty (New !rk: Panthe!n B!!k, 199;), 115 33E (he!d!re R!!sevelt, :Race -ecadence,) The 1utloo0% # 9=ril, 1911. (h!"as .. %hev!ry, Body9"olitics: Studies in 5e$roduction% "roduction% and F5eGConstruction (Eest=!rt, .(: Praeger, 1222). Rickie %!linger, :Race and K,alueJ: Black and Ehite Allegiti"ate Ba/ies, in the U%9, 19$3519C3,) in edit!r, 6udith Eal+er Leavitt, Women and !ealth in America (&adis!n, EA: University !8 Eisc!nsin Press, 1999), 4;154#;. -aniel Eikler and N!r"a 6. Eikler, :(urkey5/aster Ba/ies: (he -e"edicali+ati!n !8 9rti8icial Anse"inati!n,) The #il2an0 3uarterly C9, 1 (1991), 35$2. "nborn Bodies Rayna Ra==, :(he -isa/led Fetal A"aginary,) in Testing Women% Testing the Fetus: The

15

Social Im$act of Amniocentesis in America (New !rk: R!utledge, 1222), 1195 1C$. ?atha P!llitt, :Fetal Rights, E!"enJs Er!ngs,) in 5easona2le Creatures: -ssays on Women and Feminism (New !rk: ?n!=8, 199$), 1C951#C. Beraldine LuD Flangan, The First Nine #onths of 4ife (New !rk: %i"!n and %chuster, 19C1). Diseased Bodies -avid 9rn!ld, :%"all=!D: (he B!dy !8 the B!ddess,) in Coloni6ing the Body (Berkeley, 1994), 11C53#. %usan .ahn, :.!"e <ut, .!"e <ut, Ehatever !uJve B!tP <r, %till .ra+y 98ter 9ll (hese ears,) Feminist Studies 19 (1224). 9"y L. Fairchild and 7ileen 9. (ynan, :P!licies !8 .!ntain"ent: A""igrati!n in the 7ra !8 9A-%,) American 7ournal of "u2lic !ealth #$ (199$), 121151211. %u+anne 7. *atty and 6a"es *atty, The isordered Body: -$idemic isease and Cultural Transformation (9l/any N : %UN Press, 1999). -iane Price *erndl, :<ur Breasts, <ur %elves: Adentity, .!""unity, and 7thics in .ancer 9ut!/i!gra=hies,) Signs 41 (122C), 11151$3. 6udith Eal+er Leavitt, :Bendered 7D=ectati!ns: E!"en and 7arly (wentieth5.entury Pu/lic *ealth,) in Women and !ealth in America% 1d ed., 6udith Eal+er Leavitt, ed. (University !8 Eisc!nsin Press, 1999), C115C44. Barr!n *. Lerner, :All Patient, Pu/lic 9ctivist: R!se ?ushnerJs 9ttack !n Beast .ancer .he"!thera=y,) BullE !istE #edE #1 (122;), 11$51$2. 9udre L!rde, The Cancer 7ournals (%an Francisc!: 9unt Lute B!!ks, 19#2). -e/!rah Lu=t!n, #edicine as Culture: Illness% isease and the Body in Western Societies (L!nd!n: %age, 199$). 7"ily &artin, :(he B!dy at Ear: &edical ,iews !8 the A""une %yste",) in Fle.i2le Bodies (B!st!n: Beac!n Press, 199$), $95C4. 55555:(!ward an 9nthr!=!l!gy !8 A""un!l!gy: (he B!dy as Nati!n %tate,) #edical Anthro$ology 3uarterly $, $. (-ec., 1992), $125$1C. *arriet Ngu/ane, Body and #ind in @ulu #edicine: An -thnogra$hy of !ealth and disease in Nyuswa*@ulu Thought and "ractice (New !rk: 9cade"ic Press, 19;;). Be!rge R!usseau, :Bu"s in the (i"e !8 .h!lera: %eD, %!d!"y, and Re=resentati!ns !8 the Funda"ent,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223).

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Body !arts .harles Berg, The Anconscious Significance of !air (L!nd!n: Be!rge 9llen and Unwin Ltd., 1931). Renee .. F!D and 6udith P. %wa+ey, S$are "arts: 1rgan 5e$lacement in Society (New !rk: <D8!rd University Press, 1991). -avid *ill"an and .arla &a++i!, edit!rs, The Body in "arts: Fantasies of Cor$oreality in -arly #odern -uro$e (New !rk: R!utledge, 199;). 9l8 *ilte/eitel and Bar/ara -. &iller, edit!rs, !air: Its "ower and #eaning in Asian Cultures (9l/any, N : %UN Press, 199#). Linda F. *!gle, 5eco/ering the Nation:s Body: Cultural #emory% #edicine% and The "olitics of 5edem$tion (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1999). -!nald 6!rale"!n, :<rgan Ears: (he Battle 8!r B!dy Parts,) #edical Anthro$ology 3uarterly 9, 4 (1993), 443543C. &aren &Rhring, :E!rking !ut the B!dy0s B!undaries: Physi!l!gical, 9esthetic, and Psychic -i"ensi!ns !8 the %kin in Ber"an Nudis", 1#9251942,) in .hrist!=her 7. F!rth and Avan .r!+ier, edit!rs, Body "arts: Critical -.$lorations in Cor$oreality (Lanha", &-: LeDingt!n B!!ks, 1223). -iane &. Nels!n, :Phant!" Li"/s and Anvisi/le *ands: B!dies, Pr!sthetics, and Late .a=italist Adenti8icati!ns,) Cultural Anthro$ology 1C, 4 (9ug., 1221), 4245414. 55555:%tu"=ed Adentities: B!dy A"age, B!dies P!litic, and the &uOer &aya as Pr!sthetic,) Cultural Anthro$ology 1C, 4 (9ug., 1221), 41$5434. Nancy %che=er5*ughes, :(he8t !8 Li8e: (he Bl!/ali+ati!n !8 <rgan %tealing Ru"!urs,) Anthro$ology Today 11, 4 (199C), 4511. 55555:(he Bl!/al (ra88ic in *u"an <rgans,) Current Anthro$ology $1, 1 (1222), 191511$. Lesley 9. %har=, :(he .!""!di8icati!n !8 the B!dy and its Parts,) Annual 5e/iew of Anthro$ology 19 (1222), 1#;541#. 55555<rgan (rans=lantati!n as a (rans8!r"ative 7D=erience: 9nthr!=!l!gical Ansights int! the Restructuring !8 the %el8,) #edical Anthro$ology 3uarterly 9, 4 (%e=., 1993), 43;54#9. 55555.!""!di8ied ?in: -eath, &!urning, and .!"=eting .lai"s !n the B!dies !8 <rgan -!n!rs in the United %tates,) American Anthro$ologist 124, 1 (&ar., 1221), 1115144 &ichael %i"s, Adam:s Na/el: A Natural and Cultural !istory of the !uman Form (New !rk: ,iking Press, 1224). R!se Eeit+, 5a$un6el:s aughters: What Women:s !air Tells As A2out Women:s 4i/es (New !rk: Farrar, %traus and Bir!uD, 122$). 55555:E!"en and (heir *air: %eeking P!wer thr!ugh Resistance and 9cc!""!dati!n,) Gender and Society 13, 3 (<ct., 1221), CC;5C#C. Dead Bodies Nigel Barley, Gra/e #atters (New !rk: *enry *!lt and .!"=any, 1993). Bary %. Belkin, :Brain -eath and the *ist!rical Understanding !8 Bi!ethics,) 7ournal of the !istory of #edicine and Allied Sciences 3# (1224), 41354C1. 9nnie .heney, :(he Resurrecti!n &en: %cenes 8r!" the .adaver (rade,) !ar$er:s 17

#aga6ine &arch (122$), $353$. 55555Body Bro0ers: Inside America:s Anderground Trade in !uman 5emains (New !rk: Br!adway B!!ks, 122C). R!ger .!!ter, :(he -ead B!dy,) in #edicine in the Twentieth Century (*arw!!d 9cade"ic Pu/lishers, 1222), $C95$#3. 6!se van -iOck, :Bodyworlds: The Art of "lastinated Cada/ers%H Configurations 9, 1, (1221), 99511C. 7li+a/eth *alla", Beyond the Body: eath and Social Identity (L!nd!n: New !rk: R!utledge, 1999). 6ack *itt, :(he 9"erican Eay !8 -eath Bec!"es 9"ericaJs Eay !8 Li8e,) The New Cor0 Times (9ugust 1#, 1221), $. (h!"as LaHueur, :B!dies, -eath, and Pau=er Funerals,) 5e$resentations 1 (19#4), 1295 141. &argaret &. L!ck, Twice ead: 1rgan Trans$lants and the 5ein/ention of eath (Berkeley: University !8 .ali8!rnia Press, 1221). 55555:-eadly -is=utes: *y/rid %elves and the .alculati!n !8 -eath in 6a=an and N!rth 9"erica,) 1siris 14 (199#), $125$19. 55555:-is=lacing %u88ering: (he Rec!nstructi!n !8 -eath An N!rth 9"erica and 6a=an,) aedalus 113, 1 (Einter 199C). &artin %. Pernick, :Back 8r!" the Brave: Recurring .!ntr!versies !ver -e8ining and -iagn!sing -eath in hist!ry,) in Richard &. @aner, 7dit!r, eath: Beyond Whole*Brain Criteria (?luwer 9cade"ic Pu/lishers, 19##), 1;5;$. Ruth Richards!n, eath% issection and the estitute (.hicag!: University !8 .hicag! Press, 19#;). &ichael %a==!l, A Traffic of ead Bodies: Anatomy and -m2odied Social Identity in Nineteenth Century America (Princet!n: Princet!n University Press, 1221). 6!nathan %awday, The Body -m2la6oned: issection and the !uman Body in 5enaissance Culture (L!nd!n: R!utlege, 1993). %u+anne &. %hult+, Body Snatching: The 5o22ing of Gra/es for the -ducation of "hysicians in -arly Nineteenth Century America (6e88ers!n, N.: &cFarland > .!., 1991).

18