Dayalbagh Educational Institute BBM 603 MODERN BANKING TERM PAPER TOPIC: eBanking

ADITI GANDHI 107502 AMAN GUPTA 107503 SUDEETI DAS 107535

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION. 2. EVOLUTION OF EBANKING. 3. WHAT MADE EBANKING SO HIT. 4. EBANKING IN INDIA. 5. CHALLENGES IN EBANKING. 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Computer has eased human life. eBanking is one of the gifts to human beings by computer technology. Use of computers have automated banking process and thus has given birth to eBanking. eBanking is a fast spreading service that allows customers to use computer to access account-specific information and possibly conduct transactions from a remote location . Use of internet has made everything available at your finger tip. Lot of websites are ready to serve you, just at your mouse click. ATM cards, credit cards ,debit cards, smart cards ,all these have eased human life up to such a extent that today life without these seems to be hard. Electronic banking has experienced explosive growth and has transformed traditional practices. The e- banking is leading to a paradigm shift in marketing practices resulting in high performance in the banking industry. Delivery of service in banking can be provided efficiently only when the background operations are efficient. An efficient background operation can be conducted only when it is integrated by an electronic system.

Evolution of ebanking
Electronic banking started after Second World War with the use of proprietary software and private networks. But the whole credit of making eBanking big hit goes to Internet. Internet made eBanking trustworthy and useful. International trade has increased significantly in post world war period and with it monetary transactions between different countries have increased. eBanking has facilitated trading between distant corners of the world without worrying about monetary transactions. E-commerce has grown exponentially over last 30 years. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) were introduced in the late 1970s, to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. In 1980's eBanking got a new dimension by the use of credit cards, Automated Teller Machines (ATM) and telephone banking. This was the revolutionary period in eBanking. Now whole Commerce seems to be shouldering on these electronic systems. May 1995, WELLS FARGO- the first bank in the world to offer customers access to their accouts online. September 1999, HONGKONG-BANK OF EST ASIA- first launched internet banking. ICICI was the first bank to initiate the Internet banking revolution in India as early as 1997 under the brand name 'Infinity'. ICICI Bank kicked off online banking way back in 1996 . But even for the Internet as a whole, 1996 to 1998

marked the adoption phase, while usage increased only in 1999-due to lower ISP online charges, increased PC penetration and a tech-friendly atmosphere

Two approaches E-banking. Dial-in Approach: Requires users to have a separate finance software, so that they can do all the process offline and connect to the bank just for transactions. Internet Approach: Users directly log on to their bank website and complete all their work online. .

Electronic banking has been around for some time in the form of automatic teller machines and telephone transactions. More recently, it has been transformed by the Internet, a new delivery channel for banking services that benefits both customers and banks. Access is fast, convenient, and available around the clock, whatever the customer's location (see illustration above). Plus, banks can provide services more efficiently and at substantially lower costs. For example, a typical customer transaction costing about $1 in a traditional "brick and mortar" bank branch or $0.60 through a phone call costs only about $0.02 online. Electronic banking also makes it easier for customers to compare banks' services and products, can increase competition among banks, and allows banks to penetrate new markets and thus expand their geographical reach. Some even see electronic banking

as an opportunity for countries with underdeveloped financial systems to leapfrog developmental stages. Customers in such countries can access services more easily from banks abroad and through wireless communication systems, which are developing more rapidly than traditional "wired" communication networks. E-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network, including the Internet or mobile phone. Customers access e-banking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), automated teller machine (ATM), kiosk, or Touch Tone telephone. While some literature restricts the use of the term to internet banking (Daniel 1999), elsewhere the term is limited to retail banking (Aladwani 2001) or both retail and corporate banking (Simpson 2002). The common definition for ebanking, and the one used in this paper, comes from the Basel Committee Report on Banking Supervision (1998), e-banking refers to the provision of retail and small value banking products and services through electronic channels. Such products and services can include deposit-taking, lending, account management, the provision of financial advice, electronic bill payment, and the provision of other electronic payment products and services such as electronic money.

The popular services covered under E-banking include:1. Automated teller machine. 2. CreditCards. 3. DebitCards. 4. SmartCards. 5. Electronic Funds Tranfer System. 6. Cheques Trunction payment System. 7. Mobile Banking. 8. Internet Banking. 9. Telephone Banking etc.

WHAT MADE EBANKING SO HIT?

Features which make it so popular are Real time banking-

Unlike traditional banking which suffers from time consuming procedures, eBanking provides real time banking to the customers. You get all the relevant information about your account instantly. You can access all the details about your account sitting at home or at any distant location. eBanking has turned whole world into a small village.

24/7 banking-

eBanking has removed the time constraint from banking. Now you can withdraw cash or get any banking facility anytime. You are not required to ask bank employees for it. Electronic system will do all of this for you instantly. Banking from anywhere-

Don't worry if you are sitting in Middle East country and want to check you account in New York. eBanking certainly leaves no room for blaming the distances. Smart banking is ready to serve you anywhere, anytime. Safe and secure Banking-

Electronically enabled banking is more immune to security and safety related problems. Password Based Encryption (PBE), Secure Socket Layer (SSL), electronic signatures and electronic tokens gives a high level of security. Any malfunctioning or any inconsistency in your account can be traced easily. This makes eBanking more reliable. Easy Loans, Instant Loans-

Use of smart cards, debit cards, credit cards has eased you from hatred, time consuming loaning procedures. Your banks provide you instant loans. No need to keep cash with you at all, a small chip card has replaced piles of cash.

High Performance and flexibility-

e-Banking is a high performance system satisfying it's customers for their every banking related queries and desires.

Advantages to banks
Very low setup cost. Capability to cater to a very large customer base. Saves a lot of operational costs. Banks san offer a lot of personalized services to their customers. Reductionof burden on branch banking.

E Banking in India
In India, approximately one percent of high and middle-income group banking customers conducted banking on the Internet in 2000 compared to 5 to 6 percent in Singapore and South Korea. In 2001, a Reserve Bank of India survey revealed that more than 20 major banks were either offering e-banking services at various levels or planned to do so in the near future. Some of the private banks included ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, IndusInd Bank, IDBI Bank, Citibank, Global Trust Bank, Bank of Punjab and UTI Bank. In the same year, out of an estimated 0.9 million Internet user base, approximately 17 percent were reported to be banking on the Internet. The above statistics reveal that India does have a high growth potential for e-banking. The banks have already started focusing on increasing and improving their e-banking services. As a part of this, the banks have begun to collaborate with various utility companies to enable the customers to perform various functions online. In 2001, over 50 percent of the banks in the US were offering e-banking services. However, large banks appeared to have a clear advantage over small banks in the range of services they offered. Some banks in the US were targeting their Internet strategies towards business customers. Apart from affecting the way customers received banking services; e-banking was expected to influence the banking industry structure. The economics of e-banking was expected to favour large banks because of economies of scale and scope, and the ability to advertise heavily. Moreover, e-

banking offered entry and expansion opportunities that small banks traditionally lacked. Opening up of economy in 1991 marked the entry of foreign banks. They brought new technology with them. Banking products became more and more competitive. Need for differentiation of products and services was felt. The ICICI Bank kicked off online banking in 1996.Currently78% of its customer base is registered for online banking.

CHALLENGES IN E BANKING
This changing financial landscape brings with it new challenges for bank management and regulatory and supervisory authorities. The major ones stem from increased cross-border transactions resulting from drastically lower transaction costs and the greater ease of banking activities, and from the reliance on technology to provide banking services with the necessary security. Regulatory risk. Because the Internet allows services to be provided from anywhere in the world, there is a danger that banks will try to avoid regulation and supervision. What can regulators do? They can require even banks that provide their services from a remote location through the Internet to be licensed. Licensing would be particularly appropriate where supervision is weak and cooperation between a virtual bank and the home supervisor is not adequate. Licensing is the norm, for example, in the United States and most of the countries of the European Union. A virtual bank licensed outside these jurisdictions that wishes to offer electronic banking services and take deposits in these countries must first establish a licensed branch. Determining when a bank's electronic services trigger the need for a license can be difficult, but indicators showing where banking services originate and where they are provided can help. For example, a virtual bank licensed in country X is not seen as taking deposits in country Y if customers make their deposits by posting checks to an address in country X. If a customer makes a deposit at an automatic teller machine in country Y, however, that transaction would most likely be considered deposit taking in country Y. Regulators need to establish guidelines to clarify the gray areas between these two cases. Legal risk. Electronic banking carries heightened legal risks for banks. Banks can potentially expand the geographical scope of their services faster through electronic banking than through traditional banks. In some cases, however, they might not be fully versed in a jurisdiction's local laws and regulations before they begin to offer services there, either with a license or without a license if one is not required. When a license is not required, a virtual banklacking contact with its host country supervisormay find it even more difficult to stay abreast of regulatory changes. As a consequence, virtual banks could unknowingly violate customer protection laws, including on data collection and privacy, and regulations on soliciting. In doing so,

they expose themselves to losses through lawsuits or crimes that are not prosecuted because of jurisdictional disputes. Money laundering is an age-old criminal activity that has been greatly facilitated by electronic banking because of the anonymity it affords. Once a customer opens an account, it is impossible for banks to identify whether the nominal account holder is conducting a transaction or even where the transaction is taking place. To combat money laundering, many countries have issued specific guidelines on identifying customers. They typically comprise recommendations for verifying an individual's identity and address before a customer account is opened and for monitoring online transactions, which requires great vigilance. In a report issued in 2000, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Financial Action Task Force raised another concern. With electronic banking crossing national boundaries, whose regulatory authorities will investigate and pursue money laundering violations? The answer, according to the task force, lies in coordinating legislation and regulation internationally to avoid the creation of safe havens for criminal activities. Operational risk. The reliance on new technology to provide services makes security and system availability the central operational risk of electronic banking. Security threats can come from inside or outside the system, so banking regulators and supervisors must ensure that banks have appropriate practices in place to guarantee the confidentiality of data, as well as the integrity of the system and the data. Banks' security practices should be regularly tested and reviewed by outside experts to analyze network vulnerabilities and recovery preparedness. Capacity planning to address increasing transaction volumes and new technological developments should take account of the budgetary impact of new investments, the ability to attract staff with the necessary expertise, and potential dependence on external service providers. Managing heightened operational risks needs to become an integral part of banks' overall management of risk, and supervisors need to include operational risks in their safety and soundness evaluations. Reputational risk. Breaches of security and disruptions to the system's availability can damage a bank's reputation. The more a bank relies on electronic delivery channels, the greater the potential for reputational risks. If one electronic bank encounters problems that cause customers to lose confidence in electronic delivery channels as a whole or to view bank failures as systemwide supervisory deficiencies, these problems can potentially affect other providers of electronic banking services. In many countries where electronic banking is becoming the trend, bank supervisors have put in place internal guidance notes for examiners, and many have released risk-management guidelines for banks. Reputational risks also stem from customer misuse of security precautions or ignorance about the need for such precautions. Security risks can be amplified and may result in a loss of confidence in electronic delivery channels. The solution is consumer educationa process in which regulators and supervisors can assist. For example, some bank supervisors provide links on their websites allowing customers to identify online banks with legitimate charters and deposit insurance. They also issue tips on Internet banking, offer consumer help lines, and issue warnings about

specific entities that may be conducting unauthorized banking operations in the country. The macroeconomic challenges But the challenges are not limited to regulators. As the advent of e-banking quickly changes the financial landscape and increases the potential for quick cross-border capital movements, macroeconomic policymakers face several difficult questions.

If electronic banking does make national boundaries irrelevant by facilitating capital movements, what does this imply for macroeconomic management? How is monetary policy affected when, for example, the use of electronic means makes it easier for banks to avoid reserve requirements, or when business can be conducted in foreign currencies as easily as in domestic currency? When offshore banking and capital flight are potentially only a few mouse clicks away, does a government have any leeway for independent monetary or fiscal policy? How will the choice of the exchange rate regime be affected, and how will ebanking influence the targeted level of international reserves of a central bank? Can a government afford to make any mistakes? Will the spread of electronic banking impose harsh market discipline on governments as well as on businesses?

Conclusion
While electronic banking can provide a number of benefits for customers and new business opportunities for banks, it exacerbates traditional banking risks. Even though considerable work has been done in some countries in adapting banking and supervision regulations, continuous vigilance and revisions will be essential as the scope of e-banking increases. In particular, there is still a need to establish greater harmonization and coordination at the international level. Moreover, the ease with which capital can potentially be moved between banks and across borders in an electronic environment creates a greater sensitivity to economic policy management.

REFERENCES
http://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2011/02/e-banking-onlinebanking-advantages-of.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_banking http://www.slideshare.net/cssangoram/e-banking http://www.articlesbase.com/finance-articles/concept-of-onlinebanking-1380180.html http://web-banking.org/accounts/introduction.html http://ebookbrowse.com/ba/e-banking-concept-pdf http://www.buzzle.com/articles/online-banking-security-issuesfor-online-payment-services.html