Part 1 Various impacts resulting from widespread use of the private automobile Chapter 1 Freedom Fort Lauderdale Page

age 12 Infrastructure for humans in Fort Lauderdale doesnt support pedestrians. Page 13-14 Homo Automotivis inhabits a land where housing is designed to maximize the use of the car. Page 16 The poor purchase cars because there is no other option in a society built to serve the needs of the automobile. If you want to work or you want to visit your friends in a city designed by Homo Automotivis, you need a car. Page 18 The emergence of the popular equation cars with freedom. But is landscape built for cars really a land of freedom? In a city where walking is not an option, biking is dangerous and public transport is inadequate, citizens are handed a life sentence of immobility only to be released with the keys to an automobile. Chapter 2 Get out of the fast lane, moron St. Louis Page 21 The type of noise produced by a car alarm boosts stress hormones and has been linked to cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal illnesses, psychological problems and unhealthy fetal developments. Page 22 Its not just the noise; driving brings out the beast in Homo Automotivis; like a lion hunting on the Ugandan Savannah. Chapter 3 Vehicular homicide Chicago Page 28 At the start of the 21st century, car crashes killed more than a million people annually around the world. Page 28 Every year in the U.S. alone, some 700 cyclists and 6,000 pedestrians die at the hands of the automobile and another 110,000 are injured. Page 32 U.S. automobiles flatten as many as a million animals per day. Chapter 4 Vroom, vroom, cough, cough El Paso Page 33 The playground was surrounded by prime Homo Automotivis habitat. Caught within a web of highway, thousands of cars crossed on every side and even above. Page 33-34 The waste products of the automobile are causing no less than a public health crisis. Harvard University researchers determined that respiratory illness attributable to automobile toxins kill 30,000 people every year in the U.S. and are responsible for an additional 120,000 premature deaths.

Page 34 In developing foetuses, air pollution from traffic appears to cause genetic changes the kind linked to cancer. Page 35 Children living near auto body shops and gas stations, for instance, have dramatically higher rates of leukemia. Page 36 Then there are the tailpipe gases, which are invisible, but their effects are real. Ozone, the major component of smog, precipitates choking and stinging eyes, damages lung tissue and aggravates numerous respiratory diseases. Chapter 5 Loosen your seatbelts San Antonio Page 39 Food is only part of the obesity equation. Car dominance translates into less walking. Less walking means less exercise, a central element of the obesity epidemic. Page 42 The true extent of auto-dependence is revealed by drivers willing to wait five minutes for the closest parking spot to where they are going rather than park a block away and walk. Page 42 It is less that children cannot walk to school and more that Homo Automotivis parents, fearing for their childrens safety, prefer to drive them. The most commonly cited fear? Not bullying or kidnapping. The major reason cited by parents for restricting unaccompanied travel: traffic danger. When parents use cars to protect their children from other cars, it results in notoriously dangerous schoolyard pickup areas. Chapter 6 Goodbye downtown Mobile Page 46 Its impossible to imagine Wal-Mart without the car. Page 47 Wal-Marts land use is appalling. To set up its gigantic stores, Wal-Mart buys cheap land next to thoroughfares on the outskirts of cities. A survey of four big box retailers in Lancaster Pennsylvania found that these projects generated as many as 60,000 additional automobile trips per day. You cant get there any other way. Page 47 Sams Club. From cases of canned corn to five-pound pies, the warehouse store requires an automobile, preferably a big one. Page 49 The combination of big box stores and auto dependency is spurring a vicious downward spiral. Chapter 7 Billboards Page 50 Before the advent of the automobile, billboards (or bill posters as they were then called) were far smaller. And as road travel got faster, messaging got simpler. Page 51 When we tell advertisers its OK to turn our communities into round-the-clock outdoor commercials; we are telling litterers and defacers that trashing aesthetics and ignoring our right to privacy is acceptable.

Page 52 Go see the grand canyon in your car. Chapter 8 Parking is a losing game Atlantic City Page 54 In fact, Atlantic City devotes much more space to parking than gambling. Page 55 Some architects have gone as far as describing parking requirements as the single greatest killer of urbanism in the U.S. today. Page 55 The loss of space to parked cars is incredible. About 4,950 square miles in total are devoted to parking in the USA. Home storage for U.S. automobiles alone takes up 688,000 acres. Page 57 Parking lots have eaten away cities in the U.S. like moths devouring a lace wedding gown. Page 58 Demolishing downtown buildings had several effects. The first was more parking, which facilitated driving. The second was a ruined landscape and a vicious cycle whereby growing numbers of automobiles resulted in yet more demolition. This further reduced the pleasure of walking downtown, which in turn reduced property values. As the value of property declined, it became even easier to raze buildings for parking. This auto/parking cycle stripped centres of their appeal, leaving lots of space for parking. Chapter 9 People are obstacles to progress Atlanta Page 65 The most serious obstacle in our road-building program are not money, not engineering problems, nor cruel terrain but people, explained James Morton, special assistant to the U.S. secretary of commerce in 1964. Deciding whether to build a highway is inherently political. And race often underlays the choice. Page 66 In West End Boston, for instance, highway building drove out thirty thousand, predominantly African American, residents in the 1960s. Page 67 A Detroit News survey revealed that, after police harassment, urban planning was the most cited reason for racial tension leading to the riots. Page 70 In New York, for instance, overpasses on the Jones Beach Parkway from Manhattan to Long Island were built deliberately low to stop busses from passing beneath and reaching the beaches. Page 70 As Martin Luther King once said, Urban transit systems in most American cities have become a genuine civil rights issue. Chapter 10 The state religion Salt Lake City By far the stupidest and most useless piece of shit chapter Ive ever read in any book in 23 years of my existence. Bullshit. Page 73 The worship of cars is nowhere more evident than Salt Lake City despite its Mormon roots. The streets had been given up by pedestrians as an offering to automobility.

Page 73 Few have noted that more people worship the automobile than go to church. FEW HAVE NOTED THAT MORE PEOPLE WORSHIP CARS THAN TABLE SALT. Page 74 According to a study by Progressive Insurance, 45 percent of married men and women declared the car to be the most important thing in their life. Page 75 Browsing the shelves at Barnes and Noble, we saw more magazines about cars than current affairs and politics put together. Page 76 It has become a religion. It has articles of faith the motorists right to the freedom of the road; it has priesthood. Chapter 11 Autoeroticism Miami Page 77 Describe yourself in one car or less. Page 77 From high school corridors to the drag racing strip, the automobile is on of the most gendered objects of twentieth century technology. Page 78 Womens bodies have long been used to eroticize cars. Giving new meaning to the word autoeroticism, some designers have used the female form to create vehicles with sex appeal. Page 79 mobile status was the priority. Page 82 it is no coincidence that many of the trendiest cars come from the most fashionable places in the world. Page 83 For Homo Automotivis, it is the embodiment of the modernity, representing freedom and progress, technological prowess and control over nature. Page 84 Over 80 years ago, the Saturday Evening Post referred to car sales as a favourite barometer of our national prosperity. Page 84 YOURE NOT BUYING A CAR. YOURE BUYING A BELIEF. Chapter 12 Behind the wheel Its me, myself and I Portland Page 86 The car is a system of human dissociation. Behind the wheel of their private mobile spaces, drivers are far less likely to mix and mingle than pedestrians. (I fucking hope so) Page 89 Cars have encouraged the diffusion and privatization of space, as shopping malls replace shopping streets, public buildings become islands in a sea of asphalt, civic design lapses into traffic engineering, and people mingle far less freely and frequently.

Chapter 13 Fuelling the fire Baton Rouge Page 93 The oil industry has been responsible for thousands of fires, explosions and leaks over the last decade across America killing dozens of people and destroying wildlife and the environment. More solid and liquid waste than all other municipal, agricultural, mining and industrial sources combined. Page 93 Oil extraction has caused pollution and disease. Burning natural gas, a waste product of oil production, has contributed to a rise in respiratory illness. Page 94 On top of wasting a precious resource, flaring causes acid rain, which has destroyed rooftops and deprived the deltas inhabitants of drinkable rainwater. Confronted with the pollution of their stream and creeks, fishermen have been forced further and further out to sea. Page 94 More carbon emissions that everyone else in sub-Saharan Africa put together. Page 95 The Niger delta is fraught with insecurity. Pipeline explosions and environmental degradation are compounded by oil companies private security. Many oil facilities are guarded by Nigerian security forces known as the spy police. Page 96 Our atmosphere has been totally polluted, degraded, our waters contaminated, our trees poisoned. Page 97 Tar sands oil extraction has been labeled the most destructive process known to humankind an environmental demolition derby. Page 97 They tear the earth, create polluted mini-lakes called tailing ponds that can be seen from space, spew forth air pollutants such as sulphur-dioxide and nitrogen oxide they are voracious users of freshwater. Page 97 Not only are the tar sands being blamed for Western Canadas first bout of acid rain, the residues pumped into the Athabasca River have increased cancer rates downstream. Page 98 Thousands of acres of trees have been clear-cut to make way for tar sands mining and if current plans unfold, a forest the size of Maryland and Virginia will be eliminated. Cutting trees emits CO2 and it also eliminates a carbon sink. Page 99 The tremendous energy required to bring the oily sand to the surface and separate it out is largely provided by natural gas. Oil sands consume over 500 million cubic feet daily by 2016. The process is so inefficient that the natural gas required to produce one barrel of tar sands oil could heat a family home for two to four days. Making gold into lead. Page 100 With the rise of the combustion engine, leaked oil has devastated ecosystems around the globe.

Page 100-101 The international monetary fund concluded that oil did not seem to add to the standard of living and that it could have contributed to a decline in the standard of living. Chapter 14 Driving global warming New Orleans Page 105 The World Meteorological Organization believes there are clear links between climate change and the growing number of natural disaster. Page 106 A body made up of thousands of scientists that concluded climate change is occurring and that human activity was the cause. Page 107 Monbiot makes the link between global warming, the personal automobile and the consumptive economy it underpins. Page 108 Manufacturing was the largest source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. But the transportation sector increased its emissions by two percent annually throughout the 1990s to become the leading source of U.S. emissions in 2000. Page 110 Even if carbon emissions are reduced, ethanol as a variety of drawbacks. Page 111 Growing corn to fuel an average car takes five times more land than whats needed to feed a person, and in 2009 the grain grown to produce fuel in the U.S. was enough to feed 330 million people for one year at average world consumption levels. Page 112 The highly vaunted electric car merely relocates tailpipe pollution to the source: power stations. this electricity is generated by coal, which produces significantly more carbon emissions and pollutants than conventional oil. Page 113 Making gasoline directly from coal may be the most environmentally destructive alternative fuel source. Chapter 15 An insatiable thirst for land Pheonix Page 121 The death of millions of Native Americans left the U.S. with an abundance of land. Page 116 The land devoted to roads, highways and parking has been approaching the amount devoted to U.S. wheat fields. Page 116 New highway construction, for instance, has severed Floridas jaguars from significant portions of their living space. Page 117 Uprooting forests for sprawling development means less protection for water systems. Page 118 More than half the energy a car uses in its life cycle is in the production and destruction phases.

Page 119 Fords waste contaminated a local reservoir that provided drinking water for 2.5 million people in the surrounding area. Page 120 Every year, cars create billions of pounds of un-recycled scrap and waste. Chapter 16 Tankers, transit and terror New York Page 130 The 1991 Gulf war was partly designed to increase the U.S. military presence in the region. Page 130 After the war, troops remained in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, strengthening Washingtons grip on this oil-producing region. Page 131 For over seven years, the U.S. has been occupying the lands of Islam in the holiest of places, the Arabian Peninsula, plundering its riches, dictating to its rulers, humiliating its people, terrorizing its neighbours and turning its bases in the Peninsula into a spearhead through which to fight the neighbouring Muslim peoples. Chapter 17 Inefficiency Pays Flagstaff Page 132 There was no Greyhound route and no public transit of any sort to the canyon. The only option seemed to be the hostels overpriced van. Page 133 - Most ridiculous quote in book: in its basic constructional elements, however, the car of the 1990s is not qualitatively different from the car of the 1990s. Page 134 The engine in most automobiles is between 20 and 25 percent efficient. Page 135 The wastefulness of the automobile is staggering. Even at a standstill, automobiles remain inefficient. Page 135 Buses, trains, streetcars, bikes as well as pedestrians (and just about every other animal, plant or mineral use space and infrastructure more efficiently than personal cars, whether moving or at a standstill. Page 135 The most obvious manifestation of the cars inefficient use of space is congestion, a problem unlikely to be overcome with timed lights, High Occupancy Vehicle lanes or new traffic engineering tricks? Page 137 Automotive reliance has meant massive waste.