SDataRecoveryGlossary

SASSerialAttachedSCSI(SAS)isacomputerbustechnologydesignedprimarilyfor transferofdatatoandfromdeviceslikeCDROMdrives,harddrives,andsoon.SAS isaserialcommunicationprotocolfordirectattachedstorage(DAS)devices.Itis designedasareplacementfortheparallelSCSIinthecorporateandenterprise market,allowingformuchhigherspeeddatatransfersthaneverbefore,andis backwardscompatiblewithSATAdrives.SASusesserialcommunicationinsteadof theparallelmethodfoundintraditionalSCSIdevices,however,SCSIcommandsare stillutilizedforinteractingwithSASEnddevices. SATA(SerialATA)Firstgeneration(1.5Gbit/s)SATAportsonamotherboard.Serial ATA)isacomputerbustechnology,incomputerhardware,primarilydesignedfor transferofdatatoandfromopticaldrivesandharddisks.Itwasdesignedasa successortothelegacyAdvancedTechnologyAttachmentstandard(ATA),andis expectedtoeventuallyreplacetheoldertechnology(retroactivelyrenamedParallel ATAorPATA).SerialATAadaptersanddevicescommunicateoverahighspeedserial link. SCA2AcronymforSingleConnectorAttach.Itisaninterfacethatincorporatesa blindmateconnecter,groundingcontact,hotswapcapability,ESDprotection,direct plugmisalignmenttoleranceandbackplaneconnectoroptionsforSCSIdevices.Also calledthe80pinSCSIconnector. SCSIAcronymforSmallComputerSystemInterface(pronouncedskuhzee).Itisa collectionofstandardsfortransferringandphysicallyconnectingdatabetween peripheraldevicesandcomputers.Itiscommonlyusedfortapedrivesandharddisks butitcanalsoconnecttoawidearrayofdevicese.g.CDdrivesandscanners. SCSIConfigureAutomatically(SCAM)AllowsuserstoattachSCSIdeviceswithout worryingaboutconfigurationoptions. SCSI1TheSmallComputerSystemInterface(ANSIdocumentX3.1311986). SCSI2TheSmallComputerSystemInterface(ANSIdocumentX3.1311994). SCSI3TheANSIX3T10WorkingDocuments(underdevelopment). SCSIdeviceAhostperipheralcontroller,computeradapter,oranintelligent peripheralthatcanbeattachedtoaSCSIbus.

SDRAMAcronymforsynchronousdynamicrandomAccessmemory(seealso DRAM).ItincorporatesnewfeaturesthatmakeitquickerthanstandardDRAMand EDOmemory. SectorA512bytepacketofdatainEIDEandSCSIharddrives.Thesmallestamount ofdatacanbewrittenorreadtothedrivefromthehostinterface.OnUNIXand Macintoshdrives,sectorsaregroupedintoblocksorlogicalblocksthatareoften definedasasinglesector.Thetermsblockandsectoraresometimesused interchangeablyaccordingtothecontext.(Note:Themeaningofthetermblockin connectionwiththephysicalconfigurationofthediskisdifferentfromitsmeaningat thesystemlevel.(Seealsoblockandcluster.) SectorSlippingAmethodutilizedtopushdowndefectivesectorsiteswhena formatorreassignmentoperationistakingplacetoretainsequentialorderofthe data.Sparesarelocatedthroughoutthediskforthispurpose. SeekThemovementofasetofread/writeheadstoadesiredlocation.The actuatortransferstheheadstothecylindercontainingthesectorandtracktowhere thedataisstored. SeekTimeAmeasure(inmilliseconds)ofhowfasttheharddrivecanmoveits read/writeheadstoaspecifiedlocation. SelfMonitoring,Analysis,andReportingTechnology(S.M.A.R.T.)Atechnologyto helptheusertopreventapossiblesystemdowntimebecauseofharddrivefailure bytryingtopredictimminentharddrivefailurebeforeitoccurs. SequentialAccessThewritingorreadingofdatainasequentialorderasopposed torandomaccess.Magnetictapedrivesstoredatainsequentialblocks. SerialStorageArchitecture(SAA)Thecommonnamefixedtoasetofstandards beingdevelopedbyanANSIapprovedX3group.Thesesetofstandardsdefinesa newserialinterfacewhichprovidesaflexibleaddressingscheme. ServerAcomputerusedprimarilytostoredata,providingaccesstoshared resources.Usuallycontainsanetworkoperatingsystem. ServoBurstProvidespositioninginformationtotheactuatorarmandisfoundon anentiresurface(dedicatedservo)oratequalintervalsoneitherdisksurface (embeddedservo). SharePointDatabaseCollaborativeportalapplicationbasedontheWindows SharePointServicesplatform,afreecomponentofWindowsServer2003.Windows SharePointServicesoffersonlinepublishingofstandardfileformats.

SingleendedSCSISCSIsstandardelectricalinterface.Singleendedmeansan interfacewithonecorrespondinggroundlineandonesignal.ForeachSCSIsignal. Usedprimarilyinapplicationsrequiringcablelengthsunder19feet(6meters). SlaveTheseconddriveinadualdrivecombination. SlotItisaphysicalconnectortoholdanexpansioncardonamotherboard,SIMM, DIMMoraprocessorcardinpalace. SocketAreceptacleusuallyonamotherboard,thatprocessorsorchipscanbe insertedinto. SoftErrorAnerrorthatdoesnotrepeatwhenthesamelocationisreread. SoftSectoredAtechniquethatallowsthecontrollertodetermine,byreadingthe formatinformationfromthedisk, SPCSCSIPrimaryCommands. SpindleThecenter,rodlikeaxleonwhichthedisksaremounted. SpindleMotorThemotorthatrotatesthespindleandultimatelythedisks. SpindleSpeedSeeRPM. SpindleSynchronizationAfeaturethatcausesSCSIharddrivesinmultipledrive systemstorotatetothesameaddresslocationatthesametime. SpreadsheetThedisplayofdatainaformsuitableforcomparisons.Isusedin accountingandotherapplications.Alsoutilizescomputerprogramsfortheseuses. StorageCapacityTheamountofdatathatcanbestoredonaharddrive. Sub1000PCTheseriesofpersonalcomputersbeingdesignedforsaleatpricesat orbelow$1,000each. SubsystemAsecondaryorcomponentpartofasystem,asaharddriveisa subsystemofapersonalcomputer. SurfaceThebottomorthetopsideofaplattercoatedwithamagneticmaterial neededtorecorddata.Aplattermayuseoneorbothsurfacestostoredata. SynchronousTransmissionTransmissioninwhichthereceivingandsending devicesoperateconstantlyatthesamefrequencyandareheldinapreferredphase relationshipbyacorrectiondevice.

SystemFilesThefilesneededtorunanoperatingsystem. SystemIntegratorAnindependentprofessionalwhoidentifiesandprovidesthe necessarycombinationsofhardwareandsoftwareinresponsetoanendusers needs. SystemRegistryThesystemconfigurationfilesusedbyWindows95,98andNTto storesettingsaboutuserpreferences,installedsoftware,hardwareanddrivers,and othersettingsrequiredforWindowstoruncorrectly.Thesystemupdatesthe registryeverytimeyouaddnewhardwareoranewprogramtoyoursystem. SystemRescueDiskSeeBootDisk. DolphinDataLabhttp://www.dolphindatalab.com/