Dynamics Lab Report No.

1
SLIDER CRANK Mechanism

Submitted by: Syed Imtinan Ahmed Submitted to

Slider Crank Mechanism

Contents

1. Introduction to Slider Crank Mechanism 2. Anylysis and formulating an anylytical expression 3. Theoratical calculations 4. Experimental data 5. Comments

Mechanism
Mechanism is a set of resistant bodies (rigid or non rigid) interconnected to form links such that when force is applied on one of the links ;these links interact with each other through joints to complete the required motion or force transmission. Mechanisms are used to convert one type of motion into another or change the direction of the applied force. Exapmple Of Mechanisms
Four bar Mechanism SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM

Gear Mechanism Chain Spocket Mechanism Quick return mechanism

Four bar Mechanism

TERMS Related to Anlaysis of a Mechanisnm

There are two crutial terms that are fundamental to analysis of any Mechanism LINKS Kinemtaic Pairs

LINKS These are the mechanical members that do not deform under load during the motion.
Link is not necessarily a stick like part.a link maybe composed of several parts assembled together, and move as rigid body during motion.
KINEMATIC PAIRS The connections present in a mechanism such that relative motion between them is consistent are called kinematic pairs. Kinematic pairs can be classified as higher pair or lower pair

Some of the commonly used Kinematic pairs are as follows:

Revolute pair Prismatic pair or Sliding pair Screw pair or Helical pair Cylindrical pair or Rolling pair Spheric pair Planar pair

LOW Pair

A pair is said to be a lower pairs when the connections between two elements are through the area of contact
.

Example: motion of piston in a cylinder of an engine, motion between nut and bolt. HIGH PAIR A higher pair is defined as one in which the connection between two elements has only a point or line contact. Example: working of gears in gears box.

ANALYSIS OF A MECHANSIM
BEFORE ANALYSIS OF ANY MECHANISM WE SHOULD ASK OURSELVES 3 FUNDAMANTAL QUSETIONS

1. How may link are in the mechanism? 2. How may joints are in the mechanism and what are their types? 3. What should be required parameters of the joints to achieve the required motion?

SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM

Slider crank mechanism is one of the most commonly employed mechansim in the world,it lies in the heart of every internal combustion engine.each modern car today on the road uses this mechanism for its engine design.this mechanism was alson foud in LEONARDO DIVINCIS drawings.it is actually derived from the four bar mechanism

Links
1. 2. 3. 4. frame -----FIXED LINK crank connecting rod piston

kinematic pair
A. B. C. D. turning pair (b/w link 1 and 2) turning piar(b/w link 2 and 3)---crank pin turning pair(b/w link 3 and 4)----wrist pin sliding pair (b/w link 4 and 1)

Analysis of slider crank mechanism(SKELTON DIAGRAM)

L=length of Connecting rod R=radius of crank shaft X=distance of piston from TDC

From the skelton diagram we can say That

( )

( ))--------------------------------(A)

We need to eliminate the angle phi from eq A for that purpose we use eq B

Y=Rsin( )=Lcos( ) ------------------------(B)

( ) Substituting the value of cos ( ) putting the value of sin in equation A we get from eq B we get

(
( (

) )
) ) )
( )

Using binomial series we can simplify the above expression

( ) (

Analytical expression for the given apparatus in which R=35mm

(

and
) ( (

l=175mm
) )

So linear displacement X in terms of angular displacement (

can be Witten as ) ( ) )

V=35sin +3.5(sin2 ) a=35cos +7(cos2 )

Analytical Data X 0 .637 2.5 5.56 9.6 14.556 20.125 26.12 32.32 38.5 44.47 50.06 55.125 59.551 63.258 66.186 68.3 69.57 70 X 69.57 68.3 66.186 63.26 59.55 55.125 50.06 44.47 38.5 32.316 26.12 20.125 14.56 9.63 5.56 2.52 .637 0

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

190 200 210 210 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360

Experimental data
X 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 1 3 6 10.5 15 20.5 26.5 32.5 39 41 50.5 56 60 63.5 66.5 69.5 70 70.5 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 X 70 69 66.5 66.5 60 56 50.5 51 39 32.5 26.5 20.5 15 10.5 6 3 1 0

Comments: A few random checks have shown that experimental data varies from the one calculated
using analytical formula. Possible reason can be personal error of judgment in taking the readings. Using the analytical formula we can easily study the relationship between velocity acceleration and angular displacement..

Plot of

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Displacement X

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Plot of

and X from theoretical values

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displacemnt X

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